Lista över publikationer från parlamentets Think Tankhttps://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank

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Skapades den : 25-05-2022

Revising the Effort-Sharing Regulation for 2021-2030: 'Fit for 55' packagePublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 24-11-2021Författare YOUGOVA Dessislava

Politikområde MiljöSökord drivhusgas | EU-förslag | EU-strategi | EU-utsläppsrätt | föroreningskontroll | klimatanpassning | koldioxidneutralitet |

miljöövervakningSammanfattning The EU's effort-sharing legislation covers greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in sectors not included in the EU

emissions trading system. A wide range of sources account for these emissions, such as petrol and diesel used forroad transport, energy used for heating and cooling in buildings, animal digestion and fertilisers used in agriculture,waste treatment, and small industries. To cut the emissions in these sectors, the EU effort-sharing legislationestablishes binding targets and sets up annual emissions allocations for each Member State for the 2013-2020 and2021-2030 periods. On 14 July 2021, the European Commission submitted a proposal on a regulation amending thebinding annual emissions reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030. It reviews the collective and nationaltargets set up in the Effort-Sharing Regulation (ESR). The proposal is part of the 'fit for 55' package, which aims toadapt EU climate and energy legislation to the new EU objective of an at least 55 % reduction in net GHG emissionsby 2030 compared to 1990, in accordance with the recent European Climate Law. In order to contribute to the newclimate ambition, sectors covered by the ESR should achieve a collective reduction of 40 % in their emissions by 2030compared to 2005. The file has been referred to the European Parliament's Committee on Environment, Public Healthand Food Safety (ENVI). Initial debates have been held and a draft report is being prepared. First edition. The 'EULegislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Social climate fund: Fit for 55 packagePublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 09-11-2021Författare WILSON Alex Benjamin

Politikområde Energi | Miljö | SocialpolitikSökord drivhusgas | EU-fond | EU-förslag | finansiellt bistånd | fördelning av EU-finansieringen | klimatanpassning |

koldioxidneutralitet | sociala konsekvenser | urvalskriteriumSammanfattning On 14 July 2021 the European Commission adopted the 'fit for 55' package, a set of legislative proposals to meet the

new EU objective of a minimum 55 % reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030. The fit for 55 package ispart of the Commission's European Green Deal, which aims to set the EU firmly on the path towards net zero GHGemissions (climate neutrality) by 2050. The fit for 55 package includes a regulation establishing a new social climatefund (SCF). The aim of the SCF is to help vulnerable households, micro-businesses and transport users meet thecosts of the green energy transition in the buildings and road transport sector. The SCF is designed to counter theadditional costs that vulnerable consumers may face when the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) Directive isrevised to cover these two sectors, as proposed in the fit for 55 package. The SCF aims to provide over €72 billion inEU funding over the 2025-2032 period, to be paid for mainly by ETS credits in the buildings and road transport sectors.The SCF funds will need to be matched by equivalent social climate funding from Member States, which must preparesocial climate plans. As a new budget line to be financed from EU 'own resources', the SCF will require amendmentsto the Own Resources Decision and the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework. The file has been referred to theCommittee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI) and to the Committee for Employment and SocialAffairs, which will be producing a joint report. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated atkey stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Multimedia Social climate fund: Fit for 55 package

Climate action in Sweden: Latest state of playPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 27-10-2021Författare MORGADO SIMOES HENRIQUE ANDRE

Politikområde MiljöSökord drivhusgas | energieffektivitet | energiomställning | förnybar energi | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | minskade

gasutsläpp | SverigeSammanfattning The EU's binding climate and energy legislation for 2030 requires Member States to adopt national energy and climate

plans (NECPs) covering the period 2021 to 2030. In October 2020, the European Commission published anassessment for each NECP. Sweden submitted its NECP in January 2020. A high proportion of Swedes (76%) expectnational governments to tackle climate change. Sweden accounts for 1.4 % of total EU greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and has reduced its emissions at a slightly faster pace than the EU average since 2005. The carbonintensity of Sweden's economy is the lowest in the Union and continues to decrease faster than the EU-wide average.Sweden's transport sector has the highest share of total emissions, but reduced its levels by over 23 % from 2005 to2019. The sector with the greatest percentage reduction in emissions between 2005 and 2019 – 56.4 % – was wastemanagement. Under the Effort-sharing Decision (2013 2020) Sweden needs to reduce its emissions in sectors notincluded in the EU emissions trading system by 17 % compared with 2005 levels. The 2030 target under the Effort-sharing Regulation (2021-2030) is a 40 % reduction. The country is well placed to achieve both the 2020 and 2030targets. The country's share of renewable energy sources was 56.4 % in 2019 and is predicted to reach 65 % by 2030,mainly through wind farms and solar power.

Briefing EN

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Climate action in Poland: Latest state of playPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 27-10-2021Författare ERBACH Gregor

Politikområde MiljöSökord drivhusgas | energieffektivitet | energiomställning | förnybar energi | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | minskade

gasutsläpp | PolenSammanfattning The EU's binding climate and energy legislation for 2030 requires Member States to adopt national energy and climate

plans (NECPs) for the 2021-2030 period. In October 2020, the European Commission published an assessment ofeach NECP. Poland's final NECP is from December 2019. A high proportion of Poles (62 %) expect nationalgovernments to tackle climate change. The country generates 10.5 % of the EU's total greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions. Emissions were stable over the 2005-2019 period, with only small annual variations. The carbon intensity ofthe Polish economy fell by 44 % over the same period, but remains the second highest in the Union. The energyindustries sector, heavily reliant on coal, is the country's largest GHG emitter, with 38 % of total emissions. Whileenergy industry emissions fell by 17 % in the 2005-2019 period, the transport sector emissions increased by 84 %,reaching a 17 % share in 2019. Under EU effort-sharing legislation, Poland was permitted to increase its emissions by14 % compared with 2005 levels by 2020 and now needs to achieve a 7 % reduction by 2030. Poland reached a 12.2% share of renewable energy sources in 2019, and aims to reach a renewables share of at least 23 % by 2030, byfocusing on biomass, offshore wind and biofuels. This briefing is one in a series covering all EU Member States.

Briefing EN

Climate action in Slovakia: Latest state of playPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 27-10-2021Författare ERBACH Gregor

Politikområde MiljöSökord drivhusgas | energieffektivitet | energiomställning | förnybar energi | klimatanpassning | konsekvent-undersökning |

minskade gasutsläpp | SlovakienSammanfattning The EU's binding climate and energy legislation for 2030 requires Member States to adopt national energy and climate

plans (NECPs) covering the period 2021 to 2030. In October 2020, the European Commission published anassessment for each NECP. Slovakia's final NECP is from December 2019. A high proportion of Slovaks (63 %)expect national governments to tackle climate change. Slovakia accounts for 1.1 % of the EU's total greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and reduced emissions at a similar pace as the EU average between 2005 and 2019. The carbonintensity of Slovakia's economy is significantly above the EU average, but has fallen faster than the EU average.Industry is responsible for the largest part of Slovakia's GHG emissions, with a 37 % share of total emissions. Energyindustry emissions fell by 41 % between 2005 and 2019, and accounted for 16 % of Slovakia's emissions in 2019.Emissions from transport and from waste management increased over the same period while emissions fromagriculture remained stable. Under EU effort-sharing legislation, Slovakia was allowed to increase its emissions by 13% by 2020, compared with 2005, and will have to reduce them by 12 % by 2030, but is aiming for 20 %. Slovakiaachieved a 16.9 % share of renewable energy sources (RES) in 2019, exceeding its 14 % target for 2020. The countryaims to reach its 2030 target of a 19.2 % share with onshore wind, photovoltaics and bioenergy. Energy efficiencymeasures focus on buildings, public sector, industry and transport.

Briefing EN

Looking to Glasgow: A scene-setter ahead of COP26Publikationstyp Briefing

Datum 15-10-2021Författare JENSEN LISELOTTE

Politikområde MiljöSökord FN-konferens | FN-konvention | FN:s klimatpanel | global uppvärmning | klimatanpassning | Kyotoprotokollet |

minskade gasutsläpp | Parisavtalet om klimatförändringar | SkottlandSammanfattning Adopted in 1992, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has gathered the nations

of the world with the common goal to limit dangerous global warming. In December 2021, after having been postponedfor a year due to the coronavirus crisis, world leaders will meet in Glasgow for the 26th Conference of the Parties to theUNFCCC (COP26) to continue negotiations on the implementation of the Paris Agreement. The latest assessmentreport of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) underscores the of role human activities in causingglobal warming. The UNFCCC-commissioned IPCC special report on impacts of global warming of 1.5°C (SR1.5) alsooutlines the risks of current trajectories. There is therefore strong pressure on world leaders to deliver progress inGlasgow. Parties to the Paris Agreement were required to update their nationally determined contributions to fightclimate change and its impacts before COP26. Some Parties are yet to do so, while analysis of submitted contributionsas of July 2021, shows action to reach the agreed targets remains insufficient. Most key emitting nations continue torate poorly on their climate action performance. While COP24 and COP25 both failed to finalise the Paris Agreementrulebook, and developed nations so far fall short of fulfilling their climate finance promises, expectations are mountingfor Glasgow to finish the job. At the same time, Covid 19 restrictions and impacts continue to create challenges toparticipate in person, especially for developing countries' delegations. Recent Eurobarometer surveys show citizenshave a clear expectation that their governments should handle the climate change challenge, with research alsopointing to a growing acceptance of the need to change personal habits in view of transitioning to more sustainableeconomies. The European Parliament will vote on a motion for a resolution on COP26 at the October II plenarysession in Strasbourg. The draft highlights the urgency of action and calls upon leaders to ensure a just transition andadequate support for areas and states vulnerable to climate change impacts.

Briefing EN

Multimedia EU Climate Action: Responding to the global emergency

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Climate action in Malta: Latest state of playPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 11-10-2021Författare ERBACH Gregor

Politikområde MiljöSökord drivhusgas | energieffektivitet | energiomställning | förnybar energi | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring |

koldioxidneutralitet | MaltaSammanfattning The EU's binding climate and energy legislation for 2030 requires Member States to adopt national energy and climate

plans (NECPs) covering the period 2021 to 2030. In October 2020, the European Commission published anassessment for each NECP. Malta's final NECP is from December 2019. A high proportion of Maltese people (75 %)expect national governments to tackle climate change. Malta, which generates less than 0.1 % of the EU-27's totalgreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, has reduced its emissions at a faster pace than the EU average since 2012.However, according to Malta's NECP, the country's geography and demographics, combined with rising grossdomestic product (GDP), will make it difficult to continue this trend. Energy industries account for 28 % of Malta's totalemissions. While energy industry emissions dropped by 63 % between 2005 and 2019, emissions in the transportsector grew by 22 % over the same period. Malta's NECP outlines policies and measures to increase the share ofrenewable energy and reduce transport emissions. However, Malta does not expect to meet its emissions reductiontargets under the Effort-sharing Regulation domestically, but intends to make use of flexibilities, including the transferof annual emissions allocations from other Member States. This briefing is one in a series covering all EU MemberStates.

Briefing EN

Revising the Energy Efficiency Directive: Fit for 55 packagePublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 29-09-2021Författare WILSON Alex Benjamin

Politikområde EnergiSökord energianvändning | energibesparing | energieffektivitet | energiförbrukning | energisamarbete | EU-förslag | EU-strategi

| EU:s energipolitik | klimatanpassning | koldioxidneutralitetSammanfattning On 14 July 2021 the European Commission adopted the 'fit for 55' package with a view to adapting existing EU climate

and energy legislation to the new EU objective of a minimum 55 % reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by2030, in accordance with the new European Climate Law. The fit for 55 package is part of the European Green Deal, aflagship of the von der Leyen Commission that will involve further climate-related legislation and other new initiatives toset the EU firmly on the path towards net zero GHG emissions (climate neutrality) by 2050. The fit for 55 packageincludes a recast of the energy efficiency directive (EED), aligning its provisions to the new -55 % GHG target. TheEED currently sets out the level of energy savings that the EU needs to make to meet the agreed goal of 32.5 %energy efficiency improvements by 2030. The recast EED would require Member States to almost double their annualenergy savings obligations, leading the way by means of action throughout the public sector, action to address energypoverty, and other measures to help to deliver 9 % more energy savings than envisaged by the existing EED and inthe 2021-2030 national energy and climate plans. The file has been referred to the ITRE committee, where therapporteur is still preparing his draft report. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at keystages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Climate action in Latvia: Latest state of playPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 03-09-2021Författare MORGADO SIMOES HENRIQUE ANDRE

Politikområde MiljöSökord drivhusgas | energieffektivitet | energiomställning | förnybar energi | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | Lettland |

minskade gasutsläppSammanfattning The EU's binding climate and energy legislation for 2030 requires Member States to adopt national energy and climate

plans (NECPs) to cover the 2021-2030 period. In October 2020, the European Commission published an assessmentfor each NECP. Latvia submitted its NECP in November 2019. More than half (56 %) of Latvians expect nationalgovernments to tackle climate change. Latvia accounts for 0.3 % of total EU greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and itsemissions increased between 2005 and 2019, in contrast to the average EU trend. The carbon intensity of Latvia'seconomy is higher than the EU average, but has declined since 2005. Emissions from the transport sector increasedby 6.9 % between 2005 and 2019, accounting for 27.8 % of total emissions. The manufacturing industries andconstruction sector showed the biggest percentage reduction (42 %) in emissions over the period. Under EU effort-sharing legislation, Latvia was allowed to increase its emissions by 17 % by 2020, compared with 2005, and in 2019was on track to achieving the target. Latvia achieved a 41 % share of renewable energy sources in 2019 and aims toreach 50 % by 2030. The European Commission regards this ambition as adequate, but warns of possible hurdles.

Briefing EN

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Climate action in Cyprus: Latest state of playPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 03-09-2021Författare MORGADO SIMOES HENRIQUE ANDRE

Politikområde MiljöSökord Cypern | drivhusgas | energieffektivitet | energiomställning | förnybar energi | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring |

koldioxidneutralitetSammanfattning The EU's binding climate and energy legislation for 2030 requires Member States to adopt national energy and climate

plans (NECPs) covering the 2021 to 2030 period. In October 2020, the European Commission published anassessment for each NECP. Cyprus submitted its NECP in January 2020. A high proportion of Cypriots (70 %) expectnational governments to tackle climate. Cyprus accounts for 0.26 % of total EU greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions andhas reduced its emissions at a slower pace than the EU average since 2005. The carbon intensity of the Cyprioteconomy decreased by close to 25 % between 2005 and 2019, at a rate slower than the EU average. Energy industryemissions fell by 3.7 % in the 2005 to 2019 period in Cyprus. Further emissions reductions are expected as the countryshifts its electricity production from heavy fuel oil to natural gas by the end of 2021. Transport and industrial processesand product use were the sectors with the smallest reductions. Under the Effort-sharing Decision for the 2013 2020period, Cyprus needed to reduce its emissions in sectors not included in the EU's emission trading system by 5 %,compared with 2005 levels. For the Effort-sharing Regulation period (2021-2030) the target is set at -21 % comparedwith 2005 levels. The share of renewable energy in Cyprus reached 13.8 % in 2019. The country's 2030 target of a22.9 % share is focused on changes in the heating and cooling, and electricity sectors.

Briefing EN

Control of the financial activities of the European Investment Bank (EIB) – Annual report 2019Publikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 01-07-2021Författare LILYANOVA Velina

Politikområde BudgetkontrollSökord EIB-lån | Europeiska fonden för strategiska investeringar | Europeiska investeringsbanken | finansiell tillsyn |

finanskontroll | hållbar utveckling | investering | klimatanpassning | korruption | verksamhetsberättelseSammanfattning During its July plenary session, Parliament is set to discuss the Committee on Budgetary Control's report on the control

of the European Investment Bank's financial activities in 2019. The report highlights the role of the Bank in financingthe European Green Deal, and its gradual shift towards being 'the EU Climate Bank'. It also looks into theimplementation of the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI) and the Bank's external operations, amongother things. As last year, the report strongly emphasises the need for more integrity, transparency and accountability,stronger external scrutiny and reinforced mechanisms to fight fraud and corruption.

Kort sammanfattning EN

2030 climate target plan: review of Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) RegulationPublikationstyp Studie

Datum 25-06-2021Extern avdelning Cristina, URRUTIA, Anke HEROLD and Sabine GORES

Politikområde Framtidsplanering | Miljö | Parlamentets och rådets antagande av lagstiftningSökord drivhusgas | EU-förordning | EU:s miljöpolitik | europeisk skogspolitik | forskningsrapport | hållbart skogsbruk |

klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | markanvändning | medlemsstat i EU | miljöövervakning | minskade gasutsläppSammanfattning The proceedings summarise the expert presentations and discussions of the workshop on the extension of the Review

of the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry Regulation. The workshop served to prepare the ENVI Committee forthe upcoming legislative “Fit for 55” package of proposals, as part of the European Green Deal. The presentationsfocused on options for improving carbon sinks in the EU and strengthening the LULUCF Regulation. This documentwas provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies for the Committee on theEnvironment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI).

Studie EN

Public sector loan facility under the Just Transition MechanismPublikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 21-06-2021Författare MAZUR Sidonia

Politikområde BudgetSökord ekonomisk konsekvens | ekonomisk och social sammanhållning | EU-förslag | grön ekonomi | investeringsfrämjande

åtgärder | klimatanpassning | lån från EU | miljöpåverkan | offentlig investering | regionalt stödSammanfattning The public sector loan facility (PSLF) is the third pillar of the Just Transition Mechanism, along with the Just Transition

Fund and just transition scheme under InvestEU. The PSLF consists of a grant and a loan component. With thecontribution of €1.525 billion for the grant component from the Union budget and European Investment Bank lending of€10 billion from its own resources, the aim is to mobilise between €25 and 30 billion in public investment over the2021-2027 period (in 2018 prices). Funding will be available to all Member States, while focusing on the regions withthe biggest transition challenges. The provisional agreement on the proposal reached after trilogue negotiations withthe Council now needs to be confirmed by the European Parliament, with a vote expected to take place during theJune II 2021 plenary session.

Kort sammanfattning EN

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Establishing the new EU strategy on adaptation to climate changePublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 27-05-2021Författare VIKOLAINEN Vera

Politikområde Förhandsbedömningar | MiljöSökord EU-förordning | EU-strategi | grön ekonomi | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | konsekvent-undersökning | miljörätt |

rapportSammanfattning This briefing provides an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's impact

assessment (IA) accompanying the above-mentioned communication on the new EU strategy on adaptation to climatechange (new adaptation strategy), which aims to realise the 2050 vision of a climate-resilient EU. The IA waspublished on 24 February 2021 and was subsequently referred to the European Parliament's Committee onEnvironment, Pubic Health and Food Safety (ENVI). The Commission's communication builds on Article 4 of theproposal for a European climate law regulation, which requires the Member States and the EU to enhance theiradaptive capacity, strengthen their resilience and reduce their vulnerability to climate change. The new EU adaptationstrategy was first announced in the European Green Deal communication in December 2019. The EuropeanParliament welcomed the new strategy as a key component of the EU's climate policy in its resolution of 17 December2020 and called for a renewed and improved focus on climate adaptation. The Council, meanwhile, repeatedlystressed the need for further action on adaptation, most recently in January 2020. The new strategy on adaptation toclimate change is part of the 2021 Commission work programme.

Briefing EN

Taxonomy Regulation: Approved EU Taxonomy Climate Delegated Act under Art. 10(3) and 11(3)of theTaxonomy Regulation

Publikationstyp BriefingDatum 11-05-2021

Författare CHAILLET GAELLE CHARLOTTE | HONNEFELDER Stephanie | VANHOUCKE SebastienPolitikområde Finansiella frågor och bankfrågor | Införlivande och genomförande av lagstiftning | Miljö

Sökord ekonomisk verksamhet | ekonomiskt instrument för miljön | EU-förordning | EU-förslag | EU:s miljöpolitik | grönekonomi | hållbar utveckling | investering | klimatanpassning | miljöskydd

Sammanfattning This briefing has been prepared to support the parliamentary scrutiny of the Delegated Act (DA) on climate changemitigation and climate change adaptation as foreseen by Regulation (EU) No 2020/852 on the establishment of aframework to facilitate sustainable investment (Taxonomy Regulation) . In accordance with the empowerments set outin Articles 10 and 11 of the Taxonomy Regulation, the Commission shall adopt a delegated act establishing screeningcriteria to determine the conditions under which an economic activity qualifies as contributing substantially to climatechange adaptation or mitigation and whether it does not cause significant harm to one or more of the environmentalobjectives listed under Article 9.

Briefing EN

EU climate action policy: Responding to the global emergencyPublikationstyp Studie

Datum 18-03-2021Författare D'ALFONSO Alessandro | ERBACH Gregor | HALLEUX Vivienne | HEFLICH ALEKSANDRA | JENSEN LISELOTTE |

KARAMFILOVA Ekaterina | LOMBA NIOMBO | MCELDOWNEY James | MORGADO SIMOES HENRIQUE ANDRE |MULLER KLAUS | PAPE Marketa | SCHOLAERT FREDERIK | TITIEVSKAIA Jana | VETTORAZZI STEFANO |ZAMFIR Ionel

Politikområde Coronavirus | MiljöSökord drivhusgas | ekonomisk och social sammanhållning | EU:s miljöpolitik | grön ekonomi | hållbar utveckling |

internationellt samarbete | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | koldioxidneutralitet | miljösamarbete | ren teknikSammanfattning The European Green Deal aims to make the European Union climate-neutral by 2050, a target supported by all EU

institutions. With this objective, the EU takes a leading role in addressing the global climate emergency. Achieving theclimate-neutrality goal requires massive investment and an unprecedented transformation of all sectors of theeconomy. This study explains the physical basis of climate change and highlights its expected impacts on the EU. Togive an overview of EU and international climate policies, it outlines international climate agreements, EU climateaction and the climate policies of major economies. It assesses the coherence of EU climate policy with other policyareas, and presents the financing of EU climate action through the EU budget and other instruments. To assess theimplications of the climate neutrality objective, the study analysis the challenges and opportunities for the EU economyand its impacts on issues such as international relations, migration, trade, consumers and health . The final chapteraddresses the issues facing European decision-makers and the outlook for European and global climate action in thecontext of the coronavirus pandemic.

Studie EN

Multimedia Rising sea levels

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What if we could engineer the planet to help fight climate change?Publikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 23-02-2021Författare VAN WOENSEL Lieve

Politikområde Forskningspolitik | Framtidsplanering | MiljöSökord drivhusgas | global uppvärmning | klimatanpassning | minskade gasutsläpp | ny teknik | solenergi | teknologisk

förändring | vetenskapligt framstegSammanfattning Efforts to curb carbon emissions are falling short and geoengineering is again in the spotlight. Will governments end

up tinkering with Earth’s thermostat?Kort sammanfattning EN

Multimedia What if we could engineer the planet to help fight climate change?

Research for AGRI Committee - The challenge of land abandonment after 2020 and options for mitigatingmeasures

Publikationstyp StudieDatum 21-12-2020

Författare NEGRE FrançoisExtern avdelning ÖIR GmbH: C.ANDRONIC, M. DERSZNIAK-NOIRJEAN, M. GAUPP-BERGHAUSEN, C.H. HSIUNG, A. MÜNCH, B.

SCHUH / BAB: T. DAX, Ingrid MACHOLD, K. SCHROLL / RegioGro: S. BRKANOVICPolitikområde Framtidsplanering | Jordbruk och landsbygdsutveckling | Regional utveckling

Sökord folkhälsa | gemensam jordbrukspolitik | globalisering | jordbruksregion | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | mindregynnat jordbruksområde | nedlagd jordbruksmark | orsaksanalys

Sammanfattning This study examines the phenomenon of land abandonment, its consequences and mitigation options. Usingquantitative data, it provides an overview of the possible future evolution of land abandonment in the EU by 2030, itshistorical evolution and current state of play. Based on desk research and case studies, this research project carriesout an analysis of the drivers and effects of the phenomenon, considers mitigating actions to be implemented throughEU policies, notably the CAP and outlines different scenarios about land use changes, using as variables climatechange, the globalisation of markets and a major health crisis.

Studie EN

Climate change and its impact on mental healthPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 08-12-2020Extern avdelning Maria NILSSON

Politikområde Folkhälsa | MiljöSökord barn | hälsorisk | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | konsekvent-undersökning | marginalisering | psykisk hälsa |

psykisk sjukdom | vårdsystemSammanfattning Climate change health impacts are experienced through direct and indirect pathways. These can take the form of an

increase in the frequency and/or severity of extreme weather events such as heatwaves, droughts, floods, and stormswhich directly may impact health, resulting in heat-related mortality and morbidity, injury and trauma. Indirectly, climatechange may impact health through loss of livelihoods, land and property and through interaction with environmentalsystems.This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at therequest of the committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety.

Briefing EN

Setting the 2030 GHG emissions reduction targetPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 02-12-2020Författare VIKOLAINEN Vera

Politikområde Förhandsbedömningar | MiljöSökord drivhusgas | EU-strategi | grön ekonomi | hållbar utveckling | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | luftkvalitet |

minskade gasutsläpp | ren teknikSammanfattning The Commission proposed to set the 55 % greenhouse gas emissions reduction target (compared to 1990 levels) by

2030. The supporting impact assessment is in line with the requirements of the Better Regulation Guidelines when itcomes to the combined use of qualitative and quantitative methods and tools, as well as taking on board theRegulatory Scrutiny Board's recommendations. However, the discussion of the socio-economic or environmentalimplications of the problem identified, the formulation of objectives, the range of scenarios and their comparison basedon the mandatory criteria of efficiency, effectiveness, coherence and proportionality and the impact on SMEs fall shortof the Better Regulation Guidelines.

Briefing EN

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Climate change and its impact on food and nutrition securityPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 30-11-2020Extern avdelning Robin FEARS

Politikområde Folkhälsa | Livsmedelssäkerhet | MiljöSökord coronavirusinfektion | drivhusgas | epidemi | felnäring | jordbrukslivsmedelsindustri | klimatanpassning |

klimatförändring | livsmedelstrygghet | människofödaSammanfattning There is mounting evidence for negative consequences of climate change on human health worldwide, from both direct

and indirect effects, mediated by ecosystems and socioeconomic systems. The impacts are being experienced in theEU, and the effects of climate change on food systems are a critical part of the overall impacts on human andplanetary health.This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at therequest of the committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety.

Briefing EN

Towards a more sustainable single market for business and consumersPublikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 19-11-2020Författare SAJN Nikolina

Politikområde KonsumentskyddSökord cirkulär ekonomi | grön ekonomi | hållbar utveckling | klimatanpassning | konsumentinformation | miljöanpassad

offentlig upphandling | miljöpåverkan | minskade gasutsläpp | svinn | svinnbekämpningSammanfattning Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, in line with the European Green Deal, will require the EU to overhaul its

production and consumption patterns. During the November II plenary session, the European Parliament is expectedto vote on an own-initiative report that recommends a possible way forward by making products more durable andeasier to repair and recycle, and by providing consumers with more rights and information, so as to nudge themtowards more sustainable choices.

Kort sammanfattning EN

Opportunities of post Covid-19 European recovery funds in transitioning towards circular and climateneutral economy

Publikationstyp BriefingDatum 12-11-2020

Extern avdelning Sigrid STAGLPolitikområde Coronavirus | Ekonomiska och monetära frågor | Miljö

Sökord cirkulär ekonomi | coronavirusinfektion | ekonomisk återhämtning | epidemi | EU:s miljöpolitik | grön ekonomi | hållbarutveckling | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | minskade gasutsläpp

Sammanfattning The briefing presents specific green economic recovery measures that stabilise livelihoods, creates jobs and reducebiophysical impact. These measures are more effective, when accompanied by full carbon pricing, prioritizinginvestment in green infrastructure and innovation, phasing out of subsidies and tax exemptions for emissions-intensiveactivities, and promoting green finance. Although COVID-19 has reduced GHG emissions in 2020, the overall impactwill be driven by investment choices. In the current economic climate, public investment is a key driver of the transitionto a more sustainable economy.

Briefing EN

2021: European Year of RailPublikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 06-11-2020Författare SCORDAMAGLIA Damiano

Politikområde TransportSökord europeiskt tillväxtinitiativ | grön ekonomi | hållbar rörlighet | hållbar utveckling | järnvägstransport | klimatanpassning |

luftkvalitet | medvetandegörande av allmänheten | minskade gasutsläpp | trafiknätSammanfattning Every year since 1983, the EU has chosen a special annual theme to celebrate and to bring to public attention. The

idea is to raise awareness on the issue, encourage public debate on it across the EU and underline its politicalimportance. The process can lead to new EU initiatives or legislation. 2021 has been designated European Year ofRail, to stir debate on railways' contribution to the European Green Deal and the environment. A wide range of eventsare planned, reaching out to the general public, to demonstrate the challenges and opportunities offered by rail, andpromote it as a sustainable, innovative and safe mode of transport.

Kort sammanfattning EN

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Sustainable Europe Investment PlanPublikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 05-11-2020Författare D'ALFONSO Alessandro

Politikområde Budget | MiljöSökord EU-investering | EU-utgift | EU:s budget | europeiskt tillväxtinitiativ | grön ekonomi | hållbar utveckling |

klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | minskade gasutsläpp | ren teknikSammanfattning During its November I plenary session, Parliament is scheduled to vote on an own-initiative report on how to finance

the European Green Deal. The text welcomes the Sustainable Europe Investment Plan as central to the success of thegreen transition and calls for a number of improvements.

Kort sammanfattning ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

The role of fiscal rules in relation with the green economyPublikationstyp Djupanalys

Datum 03-09-2020Extern avdelning Carlo Cottarelli

Politikområde Ekonomiska och monetära frågorSökord europeiskt tillväxtinitiativ | grön ekonomi | hållbar utveckling | klimatanpassning | minskade gasutsläpp | offentlig

investering | stabilitetspakten | stabilitetsprogram | statsskuld | underskott i betalningsbalansenSammanfattning This paper discusses the analytical basis for facilitating green public investment under the Stability and Growth Pact

fiscal rules. It concludes that additional public debt created by deficit-financed green public investment is likely toincrease fiscal sustainability risks. However, such additional risks could be justified to avoid the economic damages(which would also have long run consequences for public finances) arising in the absence of sufficient green publicinvestment. Tre trade off could be improved if green public investment were financed through EU debt.

Djupanalys EN

EU agricultural policy and climate changePublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 19-05-2020Författare MCELDOWNEY James

Politikområde Jordbruk och landsbygdsutveckling | Miljö | Utvärdering av lagstiftning och politik i praktikenSökord drivhusgas | förorening från jordbruk | gemensam jordbrukspolitik | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | minskade

gasutsläppSammanfattning In December 2019, the European Parliament declared a climate and environmental emergency in Europe and across

the globe – a recognition of the challenges that the EU faces in this area. The agricultural sector is not only affected byclimate change but also contributes significantly to it, according to some assessments. Evidence from a range ofreports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the European Commission's Joint ResearchCentre points to the impacts that climate change will have on yields, length of growing season, water availability,biodiversity, and habitats. The pattern of climate change will have a differential impact in terms of the regions affected.A clear north–south divide emerges, with countries of southern Europe likely to face declining yields due to increasedtemperatures and reduced precipitation. In the legislative proposals for the common agricultural policy (CAP) for thepost-2020 period, the European Commission has set a high level of ambition in both environmental and climatechange objectives, taking into account the fact that agriculture is responsible for around 10 % of the EU's greenhousegas (GHG) emissions. The European Green Deal outlined in the Commission's political guidelines aims to makeEurope the world's first climate-neutral continent by 2050. A range of mitigation and adaptation responses areavailable, designed to curb GHG emissions and reduce vulnerability to climate change. The EU can use the CAP as atool to influence policy-making in the area of climate change. In fact, data on the operation and impact of the CAP onclimate change and GHG emissions have been examined using a range of sources, including a study undertaken forthe Commission. One of its conclusions is that there are a range of CAP measures that are only partially relevant toclimate needs, as the CAP is constrained by the lack of compulsory implementation. Additionally, a series ofinconsistencies and 'missed opportunities' were identified in the study. It remains to be seen how such findings willinfluence the content and design of the new CAP strategic plans, given that the Commission's future proposals forthem include giving greater discretion to Member States.

Briefing EN

Multimedia EU agricultural policy and climate change

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European Green DealPublikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 06-12-2019Författare ERBACH Gregor

Politikområde MiljöSökord biologisk mångfald | cirkulär ekonomi | EU-program | grön ekonomi | hållbar utveckling | klimatanpassning |

klimatförändring | miljöskydd | ren teknikSammanfattning The European Green Deal is a programme outlined in the political guidelines of the incoming President of the

European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen. It aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050, whileboosting the competitiveness of European industry and ensuring a just transition for the regions and workers affected.Preserving Europe's natural environment and biodiversity, a 'farm to fork' strategy for sustainable food, and a newcircular economy action plan are other key elements. Executive Vice-President Frans Timmermans will be in charge ofleading and coordinating the work on the European Green Deal. A Commission communication on the matter isexpected on 11 December, ahead of the next European Council meeting, starting the following day. The EuropeanParliament has scheduled a debate on the European Green Deal in an extraordinary plenary session on 11 December2019.

Kort sammanfattning ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

EU policies – Delivering for citizens: Energy supply and securityPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 28-06-2019Författare WILSON Alex Benjamin

Politikområde EnergiSökord de europeiska struktur- och investeringsfonderna | energiförbrukning | energinät | energipolitik | EU-utträde |

Europeiska fonden för strategiska investeringar | Europeiska regionala utvecklingsfonden | fossilt bränsle | Förenadekungariket | förnybar energi | klimatanpassning | kärnteknologi | medlemsstat i EU | opinionsundersökning |ramprogram för forskning och utveckling

Sammanfattning Energy policy is a competence shared between the EU and its Member States. Whereas the EU has responsibilityunder the Treaties to ensure security of supply, Member States are responsible for determining the structure of theirenergy supply and their choice of energy sources. EU legislation on security of supply focuses on natural gas andelectricity markets, and is closely related to other EU objectives: consolidating a single energy market, improvingenergy efficiency, and promoting renewable energy sources to decarbonise the economy and meet the ParisAgreement goals. The 2014-2019 legislature saw numerous initiatives in connection with security of supply. The EUinstitutions reached agreement on a revised regulation on security of gas supply, a revised regulation on security ofelectricity supply, a revised decision on intergovernmental agreements in the energy field, a targeted revision of thegas directive to apply its key provisions to pipelines with third countries, and also new targets for energy efficiency andrenewables by 2030. Parliament also adopted several own-initiative resolutions in the energy field, including one onthe new EU strategy on liquefied natural gas and gas storage, which is key to gas supply security. Meanwhile, EUprojects of common interest (PCIs) finance energy infrastructure that improves interconnection and supports security ofsupply. There is growing expectation among EU citizens that the EU will step up its involvement in energy supply andsecurity. Whereas this view was shared by just over half of EU citizens in 2016 (52 %), it is now expressed by roughlytwo thirds (65 %). The EU will retain a key role in monitoring security of supply throughout the energy transition fromthe old system of centralised generation dominated by fossil fuels in national markets, towards a new systemcharacterised by a high share of renewables, more localised production and cross-border markets. However, the EUwould need to use a special legislative procedure if it wanted to intervene directly in determining the energy supply ofits Member States. This procedure requires decision-making by unanimity in Council and only a consultative role forthe Parliament. This is an update of an earlier briefing issued in advance of the 2019 European elections.

Briefing DE, EN, FR

Multimedia EU policies – Delivering for citizens: Energy supply and security

Governance of the energy unionPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 16-01-2019Författare WILSON Alex Benjamin

Politikområde EnergiSökord diversifiering av energiutbudet | drivhusgas | energieffektivitet | energiforskning | energisamarbete | förnybar energi |

inre marknad | klimatanpassning | minskade gasutsläppSammanfattning The Commission proposed a regulation on governance of the energy union, as part of its Clean Energy package (30

November 2016). The proposal aims to simplify the process of monitoring progress and help to implement the goals ofEnergy Union, in particular the 2030 EU targets on renewables, energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions.National energy and climate plans are to be prepared for the 2021-2030 period, followed by progress reports. Bothplans and reports will use binding templates, and gain early input from the Commission. The proposed regulationenvisages national and EU registries and inventories on greenhouse gas emissions for the post-2020 period, as ameans to assess progress in meeting the goals of the Paris Climate Change Agreement. Trilogue negotiations startedin February 2018 and concluded with a provisional agreement on 20 June 2018. The final text was formally adopted byParliament (13 November 2018) and Council (4 December 2018). It was published in the Official Journal on 21December 2018 and entered into force three days later. Fifth edition. The ‘EU Legislation in Progress’ briefings areupdated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

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Research for PECH Committee - Implementation and impact of key European Maritime and FisheriesFund measures (EMFF) on the Common Fisheries Policy, and the post-2020 EMFF proposal

Publikationstyp StudieDatum 15-01-2019

Extern avdelning CETMAR, Spain: Marta Ballesteros, Rosa Chapela, Jose L. Santiago, Mariola Norte-Navarro - COGEA, Italy: AnnaKęsicka, Alessandro Pititto, Ugo Abbagnano, Giuseppe Scordella

Politikområde Budget | Budgetkontroll | Fiskeri | Regional utvecklingSökord EU-fond | EU-förordning | EU-utträde | fiskehamn | fiskezon | fördelning av EU-finansieringen | Förenade kungariket |

gemensam fiskeripolitik | havsfiske | hållbart fiske | klimatanpassning | nytto–kostnads-analys | vattenbrukSammanfattning This Report is a research on the current performance of the shared management component of the European Maritime

and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) and its impact on the Common Fisheries Policy. Based on quantitative data collection aswell as on interviews with Managing Authorities of Member States and stakeholders, the Report also analyses thelegislative proposal for the post-2020 EMFF and seeks to support the Members of the PECH Committee of the EUParliament in their consideration.

Studie EN

Future of Europe debates II: Parliament hosts Heads of State or GovernmentPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 19-10-2018Författare DRACHENBERG Ralf | KOTANIDIS Silvia

Politikområde EU:s demokrati, institutionella rätt och interna rättigheterSökord Ekonomiska och monetära unionen | EU:s migrationspolitik | Europaparlamentet | europeisk socialpolitik | europeisk

säkerhets- och försvarspolitik | Europeiska rådet | Europeiska stabilitetsmekanismen | flerårig budgetram |handelsavtal (EU) | interinstitutionella kontakter | internationell handel | klimatanpassning | regeringschef | samarbetemellan EU och Nato | statschef

Sammanfattning Against the background of the many challenges faced by the European Union (EU) in recent years, and with the May2019 European Parliament elections approaching, the future of the European project has come back on the agenda ofpublic discourse. At the European Council of October 2017, the President of the European Parliament, Antonio Tajani,announced his intention to host a series of Future of Europe debates during plenary sessions, as a democratic andopen forum in which the Heads of State or Government of EU Member States would be invited to express their visionof the future, starting in early 2018. Intended to run for the whole of 2018 and beyond, the 'Future of Europe' debates inthe European Parliament have thus far featured the leaders of ten Member States. They have used the opportunity toset out their personal vision, highlighting priorities, pointing to areas for better development, and revisitingaccomplishments so far. (See the timeline of speakers below.) This is the second edition of a Briefing designed toprovide an overview of the Future of Europe debate in a number of key policy areas. While the first edition covered thefirst six speakers, the present one focuses on the most recent four. It also contains insights on climate change andinternational trade, in addition to the areas of economic and monetary union (EMU), the EU social dimension, migrationpolicy, security and defence, and the multiannual financial framework (MFF), covered in the first edition.

Briefing EN

Effort sharing regulation, 2021-2030: Limiting Member States' carbon emissionsPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 19-07-2018Författare ERBACH Gregor

Politikområde Energi | Miljö | Parlamentets och rådets antagande av lagstiftningSökord drivhusgas | EU-förslag | EU-statistik | EU-utsläppsrätt | EU:s miljöpolitik | föroreningskontroll | klimatanpassning |

klimatförändring | Kyotoprotokollet | medlemsstat i EU | miljöövervakning | minskade gasutsläppSammanfattning In July 2016, the European Commission presented a proposal for a regulation to limit post-2020 national emissions of

greenhouse gases (GHG) in sectors not covered by the EU emissions trading system (ETS). These include transport,buildings and agriculture. The proposed regulation would be the successor of the Effort Sharing Decision that setsannual national GHG emission limits for the period 2013-2020. The proposed regulation is part of the EU’s efforts toreduce its GHG emissions by at least 40% below 1990 levels by 2030. This target was set by the European Council inOctober 2014, and also constitutes the EU’s international commitment under the 2015 Paris Agreement on climatechange. After completion of the legislative procedure, the final act was signed on 30 May 2018. The Regulationentered into force on 9 July 2018. Fifth edition. The ‘EU Legislation in Progress’ briefings are updated at key stagesthroughout the legislative procedure. Please note this document has been designed for on-line viewing.

Briefing EN

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Research for AGRI Committee - Towards the CAP post 2020 - Appraisal of the EC Communication on‘The Future of Food and Farming’ of 29 November 2017

Publikationstyp StudieDatum 15-05-2018

Extern avdelning D. Mottershead, K. Hart, A. Maréchal, S. Meredith, A. Lorant, F. Bas-Defossez, D. Baldock (IEEP), J-C. Bureau, A.Matthews

Politikområde Budget | Folkhälsa | Jordbruk och landsbygdsutveckling | Livsmedelssäkerhet | Miljö | Regional utvecklingSökord ekonomisk och social sammanhållning | hållbart jordbruk | klimatanpassning | landsbygdsregion | reformering av den

gemensamma jordbrukspolitikenSammanfattning This study assesses the European Commission’s plans for CAP reform as set out in November 2017 and

subsequently. It discusses the extent to which those plans address the performance of the CAP against its objectives,compares them with the views and ideas of stakeholders and makes recommendations.

Studie EN

What if all technologies were inherently social?Publikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 02-03-2018Författare BOUCHER Philip Nicholas

Politikområde Demokrati | Den inre marknaden och tullunionen | Forskningspolitik | Framtidsplanering | Konsumentskydd |Socialpolitik

Sökord automatisering | biobränsle | forskning och utveckling | hållbar utveckling | klimatanpassning | mediepluralism | socialakonsekvenser | teknologisk förändring | yttrandefrihet

Sammanfattning How technology has shaped society and how future technologies might affect it in the years to come are subjects forfrequent debate. It can be tempting in this context to think of technologies as neutral 'things' that can be used for goodor bad depending on the user's intentions and skills. But what if technologies were social objects that reflected andreinforced human activities or even political values? In fact, while mechanisms, effects and implications remain open todebate, experts on the relationship between technology and society broadly agree that technologies are indeed socialin this way. By scripting, restricting and enabling different human behaviours, technologies can influence our lives inmuch the same way that policy programmes do. A number of key ideas have emerged from this field over the last fivedecades, with various implications for European policy-making.

Kort sammanfattning EN

Multimedia What if all technologies were inherently social?

A stable Egypt for a stable region: Socio-economic challenges and prospectsPublikationstyp Studie

Datum 19-01-2018Extern avdelning Adel ABDEL GHAFAR

Politikområde Energi | Miljö | Mänskliga rättigheter | Sysselsättning | Säkerhet och försvar | Utrikesfrågor | Utvecklingsbistånd ochhumanitärt bistånd

Sökord arbetsmarknad | befolkningstillväxt | Egypten | ekonomisk situation | Europeiska unionens förbindelser | illegalmigration | klimatanpassning | kvinnans ställning | kvinnors rättigheter | politisk situation | politiska rättigheter | regionalsäkerhet | rätt till hälsa | rätt till utbildning | strukturell anpassning | terrorism | ungdomsarbetslöshet | vattenförvaltning |vattentillgångar

Sammanfattning Seven years after the 2011 uprising in Egypt, a combination of domestic challenges, together with instability in theMiddle East and North Africa region has stalled the country’s ongoing transition. Stability in Egypt is key for the region,and the country’s international partners such as the EU have a clear interest in helping move the country towardsstability and prosperity. To that end, this study investigates the main challenges facing Egypt, focusing on social,economic, political and environmental challenges. The study analyses the implications of these challenges for Egypt’sstability in the coming decades. The study then examines the key drivers of EU-Egypt relations and provides a numberof policy recommendations on how the EU can support Egypt’s longer-term stability. The study argues that the EU’seconomic and security engagement with Egypt should not come at the expense of supporting democracy, humanrights and the rule of law. The study also argues that EU programmatic assistance to Egypt should focus on youth,women, education, and entrepreneurship. Finally, the study also argues that the EU’s engagement is likely to be moresuccessful if EU member states are more unified in their approach towards Egypt.

Studie EN

Klimatförändringarna och miljönPublikationstyp Faktablad om EU

Datum 01-11-2017Författare OHLIGER Tina

Politikområde MiljöSökord energieffektivitet | EU:s utsläppshandel | FN:s ramkonvention om klimatförändringar | förnybar energi |

klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | koldioxidlagring | miljöpåverkan | minskade gasutsläppSammanfattning Vid FN:s klimatkonferens i Paris i december 2015 enades världens parter om att begränsa den globala uppvärmningen

till gott och väl mindre än 2 ºC över de förindustriella nivåerna. Unionen har åtagit sig att till 2030 minska desammanlagda utsläppen av växthusgaser med minst 40 procent jämfört med 1990 års nivåer, samtidigt som man skaöka energieffektiviteten med 27 procent och andelen förnybara energikällor till 27 procent av den slutligaenergianvändningen. Ett nyckelinstrument för att bekämpa klimatförändringarna är EU:s utsläppshandelssystem.

Faktablad om EU BG, ES, EL, EN, FR, IT, LT, MT, PL, RO, SV

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IMPLEMENTING THE PARIS AGREEMENT - COP23Publikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 13-10-2017Extern avdelning Lorenz MOOSMANN, Henrik NEIER, Nicole MANDL, Klaus RADUNSKY, Tina OHLIGER

Politikområde Införlivande och genomförande av lagstiftning | MiljöSökord EU:s energipolitik | Förenta staterna | global uppvärmning | internationellt avtal | Kina | klimatanpassning | lufttransport |

minskade gasutsläpp | sjötransport | uppsägning av avtalSammanfattning At the COP21 UN climate change conference in Paris in December 2015, a global agreement was reached which

contains goals and mechanisms for responding to climate change and binding obligations for all Parties. The ParisAgreement sets a long-term goal of limiting the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Cabove pre-industrial levels, and of pursuing efforts to limit this temperature increase to 1.5 degrees C. It also includesthe goal to increase the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and to make finance flows consistentwith a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions. In order to achieve these goals, the Paris Agreement requiresall Parties to undertake efforts towards reaching global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible andtowards achieving a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks (“carbon neutrality”)in the second half of the 21st century.

Kort sammanfattning EN

Cities: Front line of climate actionPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 05-10-2017Författare HALLEUX Vivienne

Politikområde Energi | Miljö | Regional utveckling | TransportSökord biobränsle | energiförbrukning | EU-utsläppsrätt | EU:s energipolitik | förorening från motorfordon | hållbar rörlighet |

internationellt avtal | klimatanpassning | klimatpolitik | medlemsstat i EU | megapol | Sammanhållningsfonden |stadsboende

Sammanfattning Cities have a crucial role to play in addressing the climate change challenge and delivering on the ambitions of theParis Agreement. In the European Union (EU), where nearly three quarters of the population live in urban areas, manycities are leading the way in this regard, taking action in three areas central to increasing energy efficiency andreducing emissions – namely, buildings, energy supply, and transport – and acting as living laboratories of climate-change-related innovation. The EU supports cities in their efforts by providing guidance, promoting experience-andknowledge-sharing, fostering cooperation, and funding climate action. Climate-relevant initiatives are in place invarious policy fields, from transport to the environment, research and innovation, the most high profile being theCovenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, which currently counts some 7 600 signatories. A supportive framework isessential to ensure city-level initiatives have enough resources and potential to effect meaningful change. Easingaccess to climate funding and strengthening the role of cities in climate governance are among the main challengesahead, and the main demands of city associations. The latter issue is being examined by the European Parliament,notably in relation to the proposal for a regulation on energy union governance. Two own-initiative reports exploring therole cities play, first, in the implementation of the Paris Agreement, and, second, in the institutional framework of theUnion, are also under preparation.

Briefing DE, EN

'Global Trends to 2035' Geo-politics and international powerPublikationstyp Studie

Datum 20-09-2017Författare SCHMERTZING Leopold

Politikområde Regional utveckling | Socialpolitik | Säkerhet och försvar | UtrikesfrågorSökord automatisering | elektronisk motorväg | flykting | geopolitik | internationella förbindelser | Internet | klimatanpassning |

konfliktförebyggande | miljöpolitik | multilaterala förbindelser | naturkatastrof | sociala medier | strategiskt försvar |tredjeland | utvecklingsland

Sammanfattning This study considers eight economic, societal, and political global trends that will shape the world to 2035, namely anageing population, fragile globalisation, a technological revolution, climate change, shifting power relations, new areasof state competition, politics of the information age and ecological threats. It first examines how they may affect someof the fundamental assumptions of the international system. Then it considers four scenarios based on two factors: anunstable or stable Europe and world. Finally, it presents policy options for the EU to address the challenges created bythese trends.

Studie EN

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Implementing the Paris Agreement – New Challenges in View of the COP 23 Climate Change ConferencePublikationstyp Studie

Datum 15-09-2017Extern avdelning Lorenz MOOSMANN, Henrik NEIER, Nicole MANDL, Klaus RADUNSKY

Politikområde Införlivande och genomförande av lagstiftning | MiljöSökord energipolitik | EU:s internationella roll | FN-konferens | FN:s klimatpanel | FN:s ramkonvention om klimatförändringar |

hållbar utveckling | icke-statlig organisation | Internationella civila luftfartsorganisationen | internationellt avtal |klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | miljöekonomi | miljökostnad | minskade gasutsläpp | ren teknik | tredjeland

Sammanfattning This study summarises the developments leading to the adoption of the Paris Agreement on climate change in 2015and provides an overview of its contents. The further implementation process and the roles of the main Parties andother stakeholders are discussed, as well as related international developments and the challenges of the climatechange conference in Bonn in November 2017.The study was provided by Policy Department A at the request of the Committee on the Environment, Public Healthand Food Safety (ENVI).

Studie EN

EU och skogarnaPublikationstyp Faktablad om EU

Datum 01-06-2017Författare RAGONNAUD Guillaume

Politikområde Jordbruk och landsbygdsutvecklingSökord europeisk skogspolitik | hållbart skogsbruk | klimatanpassning | miljöförstöring | skog | skogsareal | skogsforskning |

skogsskydd | skyddat område | utveckling av skogsbrukSammanfattning EU har ingen gemensam skogsbrukspolitik. Ändå påverkar ett antal av EU:s politiska beslut och initiativ skogarna, inte

bara i unionen utan även i tredjeländer.Faktablad om EU BG, CS, DA, ET, EN, FR, HR, IT, LV, MT, NL, SK, SL, FI, SV

Governance of the Energy UnionPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 28-02-2017Författare KONONENKO Vadim

Politikområde Energi | Förhandsbedömningar | Industri | MiljöSökord diversifiering av energiutbudet | drivhusgas | energieffektivitet | energiforskning | energisamarbete | EU-förslag | FN |

förnybar energi | inre marknad | internationellt avtal | klimatanpassning | konsekvent-undersökning | minskadegasutsläpp

Sammanfattning Overall, the IA presents a comprehensive description and explanation of the problem, and options to resolve it bymeans of an EU-wide legislative action integrating planning, reporting and monitoring requirements of a range ofexisting legislation into a single regulation. The lack of quantitative evidence, and the fact that the economic, social andenvironmental impacts are not assessed to an equal degree, is perhaps understandable, given the nature of the actionproposed, which is focused strictly on governance aspects of the energy union, i.e. the obligations of Member Statesand the monitoring activities of the Commission.

Briefing DE, EN, FR

State of Play of EU-Mauritania RelationsPublikationstyp Djupanalys

Datum 23-02-2017Extern avdelning Morten Bøås

Politikområde Demokrati | Ekonomiska och monetära frågor | Finansiella frågor och bankfrågor | Fiskeri | Global styrning |Internationell handel | Jämställdhetsfrågor, lika möjligheter och mångfald | Mänskliga rättigheter | Säkerhet och försvar| Utrikesfrågor

Sökord avtalsprotokoll | Cotonouavtalet | demokratisering | ekonomisk situation | etnisk grupp | EUF | fiskeavtal | flykting |islamisk stat | klimatanpassning | Mali | Mauretanien | migration | mänskliga rättigheter | politisk situation | regionalsäkerhet | Sahel | slaveri | statschef | terrorism | utvecklingspolitik

Sammanfattning Mauritania, an important ally of the EU in the fight against terrorism in the Sahel, faces several inter-relateddevelopment challenges: ensuring an efficient use of the revenue derived from natural resources, economicdiversification and improved governance. The severity of these development challenges is increased by difficultpolitical relations between the three main ethnic groups in the country, the dominant group being the Arab-BerberBidhan. They constitute less than one-third of the country’s population, but dominate economically and politically. TheHaratin, the largest group in the country, is made up of descendants of black Africans enslaved by the Bidhan (freed orstill enslaved). The third group in the country is the West Africans or Black Mauritanians. Mauritania’s post-independence history is marked by repeated attempts by this group to assert its non-Arab identity and claim for a moreequitable share of political and economic power. The tension that these divisions create is a problem in itself, but theycan also be appropriated by violent Islamist insurgencies in the region. The urgency of this challenge is furthercomplicated by the likelihood of increased climate change effects that the country is currently not adequately preparedfor. This study therefore discusses the main political, economic and development challenges that contemporaryMauritania is faced with, illustrating how these challenges can only be properly grasped with consideration to theirhistorical evolution. Based on this, the study investigates the current basis for EU-Mauritania relations and suggests aselect number of policy areas for consideration, as this relationship continues to evolve around issues of mutualconcern such as security and development.

Djupanalys EN, FR

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Research for the AGRI Committee - The Consequences of Climate Change for EU Agriculture: Follow-Upto the COP21 UN Paris Climate Change Conference

Publikationstyp StudieDatum 15-02-2017

Extern avdelning Kaley Hart, Ben Allen, Clunie Keenleyside, Silvia Nanni, Anne Maréchal, Kamila Paquel, Martin Nesbit and JuliaZiemann

Politikområde Jordbruk och landsbygdsutvecklingSökord drivhusgas | EU-avtal | gemensam jordbrukspolitik | jordbruksstatistik | klimatanpassning | minskade gasutsläpp

Sammanfattning This report reviews and discusses the implications for the agriculture sector of the COP21 UN Paris climate changeconference and the recent EU climate policy proposals for 2030. It looks specifically at the role that the CommonAgricultural Policy (CAP) plays in supporting climate action within the agriculture sector and considers how the CAPmight evolve post 2020 to support the agricultural sector in reducing GHG emissions and adapting to climate change.

Studie EN

European Union Solidarity FundPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 23-01-2017Författare VAN LIEROP Christiaan

Politikområde Budget | Miljö | Regional utvecklingSökord Europeiska unionens solidaritetsfond | finansiellt bistånd | förvaltningsinsyn | hjälp till katastrofoffer | katastrofbistånd |

klimatanpassning | naturkatastrof | verksamhetsberättelseSammanfattning Established in 2002 to support disaster-stricken regions, the European Union Solidarity Fund (EUSF) complements the

efforts of public authorities by helping to fund vital emergency and recovery operations in areas affected bycatastrophes such as flooding, earthquakes or forest fires. With an annual budget of €500 million, EUSF funding isgranted following an application from a Member State or candidate country, and may be used to finance measuresincluding restoring infrastructure to working order, providing temporary accommodation, or cleaning up disaster areas.Although revision of the EUSF Regulation took place in 2014, simplifying rules and clarifying eligibility criteria, severalproblems remain. While European Commission reports on the EUSF have drawn attention to the long waiting timecountries still face before receiving EUSF funding, industry experts report that certain Member States receiveproportionately more funding than others, also pointing to the risk that the EUSF could run out of funding in the eventof several large disasters taking place within a short space of time. With a number of major natural disasters occurringover the past year, the EUSF has attracted renewed attention in recent months, a process that has seen the EuropeanCommission put forward new proposals addressing the issue of post-disaster support. The European Parliament isalso actively involved in these discussions, adopting a resolution on the EUSF in December 2016, including severalmeasures aimed at improving its operations.

Briefing EN

Implementing the Paris Agreement - COP 22Publikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 07-11-2016Författare OHLIGER Tina

Politikområde Införlivande och genomförande av lagstiftning | MiljöSökord EU:s internationella roll | FN-konferens | FN:s klimatpanel | FN:s ramkonvention om klimatförändringar | Internationella

civila luftfartsorganisationen | internationellt avtal | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | minskade gasutsläppSammanfattning Study in focus: The study summarises the developments leading to the adoption of the Paris Agreement on climate

change in 2015 and provides an overview of its contents. The further implementation process and the roles of the mainParties and other stakeholders are discussed, as well as related international developments and the challenges of theclimate change conference in Marrakesh (COP 22) from 7 to 18 November 2016.

Kort sammanfattning EN

Implementing the Paris Agreement - Issues at Stake in View of the COP 22 Climate Change Conferencein Marrakesh

Publikationstyp StudieDatum 10-10-2016

Extern avdelning Lorenz Moosmann, Henrik Neier, Nicole Mandl and Klaus RadunskyPolitikområde Införlivande och genomförande av lagstiftning | Miljö

Sökord energieffektivitet | EU:s internationella roll | FN-konferens | FN:s klimatpanel | FN:s ramkonvention omklimatförändringar | hållbar utveckling | icke-statlig organisation | Internationella civila luftfartsorganisationen |internationellt avtal | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | miljöekonomi | miljökostnad | minskade gasutsläpp | renteknik | tredjeland

Sammanfattning This study summarises the developments leading to the adoption of the Paris Agreement on climate change in 2015and provides an overview of its contents. The further implementation process and the roles of the main Parties andother stakeholders are discussed, as well as related international developments and the challenges of the climatechange conference in Marrakesh in November 2016.The study was provided by Policy Department A at the request of the Committee on the Environment, Public Healthand Food Safety (ENVI).

Studie EN

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The EU and migration [What Think Tanks are thinking]Publikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 30-09-2016Författare CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin

Politikområde Område med frihet, säkerhet och rättvisaSökord asylrätt | Egeiska öarna | EU:s migrationspolitik | flykting | informationsutbyte | klimatanpassning | Libanon | länder i

Central- och Östeuropa | medborgarnas Europa | Schengenavtalet | tankesmedja | terrorism | Tyskland | västra BalkanSammanfattning The migration crisis has eased since the agreement in March between the European Union and Turkey closed one

major route through which people had been trying to reach Europe. A long-term solution to a better management ofmigration flows still appears elusive, as the Turkey deal could still unravel and other migration routes become morewidely used. EU member states are also divided over the issue of ‘redistributing’ migrants among themselves. Adebate continues among policy-makers on how to overhaul the current asylum rules and create a ‘Dublin IV’ while theEU ponders reaching an agreement with other countries similar to the one it has negotiated with Turkey. This noteoffers links to recent commentaries and studies on migration from major international think tanks and researchinstitutes. More papers on the same topic can be found in a previous edition of 'What Think Tanks are thinking',published in May.

Kort sammanfattning EN

Climate change conference: COP 22 in MarrakeshPublikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 27-09-2016Författare ERBACH Gregor

Politikområde MiljöSökord FN:s klimatpanel | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | kommittébetänkande | Marocko | parlamentssession

Sammanfattning In preparation for the COP 22 climate change conference, which will take place in Marrakesh from 7 18 November2016, the European Parliament has tabled questions to the European Commission and to the Council. The Committeeon Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI) adopted a report on COP 22 which is also due to be discussedduring the October I plenary session.

Kort sammanfattning EN

Post-2020 reform of the EU Emissions Trading SystemPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 27-06-2016Författare ERBACH Gregor

Politikområde Miljö | Parlamentets och rådets antagande av lagstiftningSökord drivhusgas | energiforskning | EU-utsläppsrätt | EU:s finansiering | EU:s utsläppshandel | förnybar energi |

klimatanpassning | minskade gasutsläpp | moderniseringsstöd | utarbetande av EU-rättenSammanfattning In July 2015, the European Commission proposed a reform of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) for the period

2021-30, following the guidance set by the October 2014 European Council. The proposed directive introduces a newlimit on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the ETS sector to achieve the EU climate targets for 2030, new rules foraddressing carbon leakage, and provisions for funding innovation and modernisation in the energy sector. Itencourages Member States to compensate for indirect carbon costs. In combination with the Market Stability Reserveagreed in May 2015, the proposed reform sets out the EU ETS rules for the period up to 2030, giving greater certaintyto industry and to investors. In the European Parliament, the ENVI Committee takes the lead on the proposal, while itshares competence with the ITRE Committee on some aspects. The draft report was presented on 31 May 2016, thedeadline for amendments has been set to 28 June 2016, and both Committee votes are expected by December. Thisbriefing updates an earlier edition, of March 2016: PE 579.092.

A more recent edition of this document is available. Find it by searching by the document title at this address:http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/home.html

Briefing EN

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Resilience in the EU's foreign and security policyPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 15-06-2016Författare PAWLAK Patryk

Politikområde Säkerhet och försvar | Utvecklingsbistånd och humanitärt biståndSökord EU:s finansiering | EU:s internationella roll | EU:s migrationspolitik | europeisk säkerhet | fattigdom | flyktinghjälp |

förebyggande av miljörisker | gemensam utrikes- och säkerhetspolitik | geopolitik | humanitär hjälp | klimatanpassning |konfliktförebyggande | livsmedelsoberoende | tredjeländer i Medelhavsområdet | utvecklingsbistånd

Sammanfattning The migratory pressure with which the European Union is struggling is yet more evidence that distance or the naturalborders inherent in seas, mountains and deserts are of little significance when people are confronted with challengeslike conflict, fragility or failure of governance. The scale of conflicts, natural hazards, water shortages and statecollapse suggests that things will only get worse – unless a new policy paradigm is effectively implemented. Resilience– understood as the capacity of different layers of society to withstand, to adapt to, and to recover quickly fromstresses and shocks – has gradually emerged as an answer to the growing complexity of the international securityenvironment. In the EU context, the concept of resilience combines different policy areas: humanitarian aid,development assistance, disaster-risk reduction, climate-change adaptation, conflict prevention and peacebuilding. Asa relatively new addition to EU jargon, the aim of building societal resilience still needs to be translated into tangible,practicable measures. This briefing complements an earlier briefing, Risk and resilience in foreign policy, published inSeptember 2015.

Briefing EN

EYE 2016 – High priority for low carbonPublikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 28-04-2016Författare ERBACH Gregor

Politikområde MiljöSökord energieffektivitet | EU:s internationella roll | EU:s utsläppshandel | FN:s ramkonvention om klimatförändringar | förnybar

energi | internationellt avtal | klimatanpassning | klimatförändring | minskade gasutsläpp | ren teknikSammanfattning In December 2015, the world's nations concluded the Paris Agreement, a new framework in which all countries

contribute to tackling climate change. To achieve the objective of the agreement of keeping global temperature riseswell below 2 degrees Celsius, global net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHG) mustbe stopped in the second half of this century. This decarbonisation of the global economy is a huge task, requiringunprecedented levels of innovation and trillions of euros in investments. The EU, a frontrunner in climate policies, hastaken action to progressively reduce its GHG emissions and promote a low carbon economy. This note has beenprepared for the European Youth Event, taking place in Strasbourg in May 2016. Please click here for the fullpublication in PDF format

Kort sammanfattning EN

Cohesion in Mountainous Regions of the EUPublikationstyp Studie

Datum 15-02-2016Extern avdelning Erik Gløersen, Martin F. Price, Andreja Borec, Thomas Dax and Benito Giordano

Politikområde Regional utvecklingSökord befolkningens geografiska fördelning | befolkningsdynamik | bergsregion | ekonomisk och social sammanhållning |

EU:s regionalpolitik | fjällnära jordbruk | hållbar utveckling | klimatanpassning | landsbygdsutveckling | miljöskydd |regional ekonomi | skogsekonomi | turism

Sammanfattning Their specific potentials and opportunities of mountain areas need to be considered as much as their challenges.Mountain areas are too diverse to elaborate an integrated European strategy. However, a framework for developmentstrategies in mountain areas can be developed, taking into account the specific challenges and importance ofmountain farming, the high levels of biodiversity in mountain areas, and their specific exposure to climate change.Cohesion policy could use such a framework to better address the demographic challenges of many mountain areasand to promote their economic and social development more efficiently with an enhanced sustainable developmentperspective. This also presupposes more flexible multi-level governance arrangements.

Studie EN

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Issues at Stake at the 10th Session of the ICAO Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection(CAEP/10)

Publikationstyp BriefingDatum 28-01-2016

Extern avdelning Martin Cames, Jakob Graichen and Hans PullesPolitikområde Framtidsplanering | Global styrning | Miljö

Sökord civilflyg | drivhusgas | energieffektivitet | flygplan | godkännande | institutionsstruktur | Internationella civilaluftfartsorganisationen | internationellt möte | klimatanpassning | minskade gasutsläpp | teknisk standard |utsläppshandel

Sammanfattning Despite efficiency improvements, CO2 emissions from international aviation are projected to be seven times higher in2050 than in 1990. Main issues at stake at CAEP/10 are the adoption of a CO2 efficiency standard for new aircraft, areport from the working groups on the development of a Global Market-Based Measure and the commissioning of animpact assessment of a standard for non-volatile compounds. Moreover, an information paper which pursues thequestion of whether the aviation sector will achieve its aspirational goal of increasing energy efficiency by 2 % per yearmay receive some attention during the session.This briefing was provided by Policy Department A for the Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety(ENVI).

Briefing EN

Risk and resilience in foreign policyPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 28-09-2015Författare PAWLAK Patryk

Politikområde Säkerhet och försvar | Utvecklingsbistånd och humanitärt biståndSökord beslutsfattande | EU:s internationella roll | förebyggande av miljörisker | gemensam utrikes- och säkerhetspolitik |

geopolitik | humanitär hjälp | informationsanalys | klimatanpassning | konfliktförebyggande | socioekonomiskaförhållanden

Sammanfattning The complexity of risks affecting the world is illustrated by the interconnected nature of conflicts, natural hazards, watershortages and state collapse. The current migratory challenge Europe is facing is yet more evidence that distance orthe natural borders inherent in seas, mountains and deserts are of little significance when people are confronted withchallenges like conflict, fragility, and failure of governance. These risks are further accentuated by a number of globaltrends including climate change, urbanisation and population ageing. An evolving and complex risk landscape impliesa continuous need to confront stresses and uncertainty, and hence requires constant adaptation.

Resilience – understood as the capacity of different layers of society to withstand, to adapt, and to recover quickly fromstresses and shocks – has gradually emerged as a concept bridging different policy areas: humanitarian aid,development assistance, disaster-risk reduction, climate-change adaptation, conflict prevention and peacebuilding.Stressing the need for breaking the silos between different policy areas and developing holistic approaches to risk,resilience is gradually becoming one of the key concepts of foreign and security policy.

Briefing EN

EU rural development policyPublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 24-09-2015Författare AUGÈRE-GRANIER Marie-Laure

Politikområde Jordbruk och landsbygdsutvecklingSökord EJFLU | EU-förordning | EU:s regionalpolitik | hållbar utveckling | investeringspolitik | klimatanpassning |

landsbygdsbefolkning | landsbygdsregion | landsbygdsutveckling | Litauen | medfinansiering | migration mellanlandsbygdsregioner | reformering av den gemensamma jordbrukspolitiken | Skottland

Sammanfattning The rural development concept has evolved significantly over recent decades to become a fully-fledged policy atEuropean Union level. It has adapted to an enlarged Europe which, from 2004, welcomed 13 new countries, addingmuch diversity to an already strongly contrasted rural Europe. Adaptation was also needed to cope with importantsocio-economic and demographic changes affecting rural areas, and to face new challenges such as climate change,the production of energy from renewable sources, and the need for more competitive and sustainable agriculture. Thenew rural development policy for 2014-20, designed to improve quality of life in rural communities, seeks to addressthese issues and to harness the full potential of rural areas. It forms an integral part of the Common Agricultural Policy(CAP), reformed in 2013, and relies on an EU budget of more than €99.3 billion. The policy is fully aligned with theEurope 2020 strategy objectives for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. A particular feature of the policy is thatnational, regional and local authorities are responsible for designing and implementing their seven-year ruraldevelopment programmes, based on EU priorities and a 'menu' of measures proposed in the European agriculturalfund for rural development, which provides EU co financing. The increased flexibility of the new policy means that itoffers support more closely tailored to the particular needs of each region or country. The European Parliament, as co-legislator for the reformed CAP, plays an active role in shaping rural development policy and pushed for measures forfarmers and rural stakeholders more favourable than those originally tabled by the European Commission.

Briefing EN

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Towards a Post-Hyogo Framework for Action: Strengthening Disaster Resilience for SustainableDevelopment

Publikationstyp StudieDatum 05-03-2015

Extern avdelning Paola ALBRITO, Claus SØRENSEN, Dr. Bernard MANYENA, Emily WILKINSON, Tom de GROEVE and MetteLINDAHL-OLSSON

Politikområde Miljö | Utvecklingsbistånd och humanitärt biståndSökord EU:s miljöpolitik | FN | förebyggande av miljörisker | föroreningskostnad | hållbar utveckling | katastrof orsakad av

människan | klimatanpassning | miljöpåverkan | miljöövervakning | naturkatastrof | Sverige | utvecklingsbiståndSammanfattning Proceedings of the workshop on "Towards a post-Hyogo Framework for Action: Strengthening disaster resilience for

sustainable development", held on 20 January 2015 in Brussels.Studie EN

European Union Development Strategy in the PacificPublikationstyp Studie

Datum 28-04-2014Extern avdelning Elodie FACHE (Aix-Marseille University, France), Toon VAN MEIJL (Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands),

Sue FARRAN (Northumbria University, the UK) and Michael GOLDSMITH (Waikato University, New Zealand)Politikområde Utrikesfrågor | Utvecklingsbistånd och humanitärt bistånd

Sökord biståndsordning | Cotonouavtalet | ekonomisk planering | EUF | förbindelser AVS–EU | geopolitik | klimatanpassning |länderna i Stillahavsgemenskapen | Oceanien | Pacific Island Forum | unionens delegation | utvecklingspolitik | öregion

Sammanfattning Development in the Pacific region is uneven, multi-layered and challenging. The European Union’s developmentcooperation with the Pacific is significant; in fact the EU is the second largest donor of development assistance to theregion. This study, implemented by the European Consortium for Pacific Studies, analyses the current and futurecontexts for European Union engagement in development cooperation with the Pacific, and proposes elements of arenewed EU development strategy for the region. From a Pacific perspective, the question of defining a new EUdevelopment strategy is as much a matter of defining new and equal partnerships through which Pacific developmentstrategies can be supported.Rising to the challenge of re-imagining EU-Pacific relations will require a good deal of work and reflection. The Pacificclearly constitutes a geopolitical context whose importance is markedly set to grow in significance, and there is a clearrationale for the EU to commit further resources to support its interests and activities in the region. In particular, the EUshould enhance and deepen its institutional knowledge and means of drawing upon existing expertise on ‘PacificWays’.

Studie EN, FR

Policies of the European Union with its Mediterranean Partners for the Management and Use of Naturaland Renewable Resources: Towards Green Growth in the Mediterranean

Publikationstyp DjupanalysDatum 25-04-2014

Extern avdelning Caroline ORJEBIN-YOUSFAOUI (IPEMED, France)Politikområde Energi | Miljö | Utrikesfrågor

Sökord den europeiska grannskapspolitiken | energimarknad | energisamarbete | förnybara tillgångar | hållbar utveckling |klimatanpassning | kolväte | Libyen | resursförvaltning | solenergi | tredjeländer i Medelhavsområdet | union förMedelhavsområdet | vattenförvaltning | vattentillgångar | vindenergi

Sammanfattning After drawing up an inventory of the energy and water resources of the South and East Mediterranean Countries(SEMCs) and presenting their political, economic and social challenges, this report takes stock of the Europeanneighbourhood policies conducted following the Arab revolutions in these countries and offers a forward-looking visionin this area for the years to come.Despite some success the initiatives led by the European Union in respect of its neighbourhood policy with the SEMCsin the area of the management of natural resources are not very effective owing to the lack of a shared vision betweenthe countries in the region and a lack of strong political will on the part of the European Union. However, sustainablemanagement of the energy potential and natural resources of the SEMCs could become the cornerstone of inclusivegreen growth in these countries.A paradigm shift in Euro-Mediterranean relations therefore needs to take place in order to respond to the desire foreconomic and social change expressed by the populations following the 'Arab Spring'. Two aspects in particular mustbe addressed: support for greater energy efficiency and integrated management of natural resources, particularlywater resources.

Djupanalys EN, FR

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Reducing CO2 emissions from new carsPublikationstyp Kort sammanfattning

Datum 20-02-2014Författare ERBACH Gregor

Politikområde Miljö | TransportSökord avgaser | bil | bilindustri | drivhusgas | ekonomiskt instrument för miljön | klimatanpassning | konkurrenskraft |

miljöstandard | minskade gasutsläpp | teknisk standardSammanfattning Parliament and Council agreed modalities for reaching a CO2 emissions target of 95 g/km for new passenger cars by

the end of 2020. The agreement aims at maintaining the EU's ambitious climate policies while addressing the carindustry's concerns over jobs and competiveness.

Kort sammanfattning EN

Adapting to a changing climate in Europe: Strategies for reducing risk and building resiliencePublikationstyp Briefing

Datum 14-10-2013Författare ERBACH Gregor

Politikområde MiljöSökord EU-åtgärd | global uppvärmning | klimatanpassning | miljöforskning | miljöpåverkan | minskade gasutsläpp | naturlig

risk | skadeförsäkring | vinodling | växthuseffektSammanfattning The changing climate affects many sectors of business and society. Different kinds of adap-tation measures are

needed for each situ-ation – there is no one-size fits all approach. In the EU, adaptation is primarily the responsibility ofMember States and local actors. The European Commission (EC) supports coordination, research and knowledge-sharing. In April 2013, the ECadopted an EU adaptation strategy, which sets out EU actions and promotes actions byMember States.

Briefing EN

Maritime Spatial Planning and Integrated Coastal Management: Initial Appraisal of the Commission'sImpact Assessment

Publikationstyp BriefingDatum 16-09-2013

Författare BALLON ElkePolitikområde Förhandsbedömningar | Miljö

Sökord havsmiljö | hållbar utveckling | klimatanpassning | konsekvent-undersökning | kustregion | kustskydd | marintekosystem | Medelhavet | rumslig planering

Sammanfattning This note seeks to provide an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's ImpactAssessment (IA) accompanying the Commission proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of theCouncil establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management (COM (2013) 133),submitted on 12 March 2013.It analyses whether the principal criteria laid down in the Commission’s own Impact Assessment Guidelines, as well asadditional factors identified by the Parliament in its Impact Assessment Handbook, appear to be met by the IA. It doesnot attempt to deal with the substance of the proposal.

Briefing DE, EN, FR

Beyond 2015: Reconciling Development and Climate Change GoalsPublikationstyp Djupanalys

Datum 10-09-2013Författare MANRIQUE GIL Manuel

Politikområde Miljö | Utvecklingsbistånd och humanitärt biståndSökord fattigdom | FN:s konferens om miljö och utveckling | hållbar utveckling | klimatanpassning | miljöstandard | samordning

av bistånd | utvecklingsbistånd | utvecklingshinderSammanfattning After 15 years as the central international reference for fighting poverty and promoting development, the Millennium

Development Goals (MDG) will expire in 2015. The international community is seeking a new global developmentframework through two parallel tracks: the MDG review — led by the UN Secretary General — and the SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDG) process launched by the Rio+20 conference. There are important overlaps between thesetracks and growing calls for the processes to be integrated into a single overarching framework and set of goals toeradicate poverty and promote sustainable development after 2015.Despite these calls — also made by the EU — there have been very few concrete proposals for accomplishing theintegration in a practical manner. Following the UN Special Event on the MDGs that will take place on 25 September,various possible integration mechanisms could be adopted. In this context, the Open Working Group (OWG) on theSDG, established this year by the United Nations General Assembly, occupies a central role with a growingimportance.

Djupanalys EN

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Systemic Approach to Adaptation to Climate Change and Renewable Energy Harnessing (Biomass andMini-Hydro) (Study and Options Brief)

Publikationstyp StudieDatum 16-01-2012

Extern avdelning Jane Desbarats, Bettina Kretschmer, Robbie Watt and Keith Whiriskey (IEEP)Politikområde Energi | Forskningspolitik | Miljö

Sökord bioenergi | energiodling | klimatanpassning | nytto–kostnads-analys | ren teknik | vattenkraftSammanfattning Pyrolysis technology has been assessed in this report based on an examination of the costs, the benefits, the barriers

to market uptake, and the potential for EU funding to contribute to innovation and/or technology deployment. Given thebenefits associated with the application of biochar to soils, here we consider how it can be utilised in the context of on-farm mitigation options. Looking at application of the technology from this perspective helps underline the importanceof local context and soil properties. In carrying out cost-benefit analysis however, it has been challenging to calculatethe cost of biochar given the lack of available information. For this reason, we have had to consider the cost of theentire pyrolysis lifecycle by looking at the cost of a number of other products such as pyrolysis oil. We maintain that theadded benefit of biochar in terms of its ability to address adaptation, improves its overall cost-effectiveness. We alsoconclude that, although there is significant potential to implement mini-hydro for mitigation purposes, investment in thetechnology with the dual purpose of addressing both policy agenda items is not likely to improve its overall costeffectiveness given the limitations associated with implementation.

Studie EN

Sammanfattning EN

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