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ITM UNIVERSITY Naya Raipur, Raipur

M.Tech (Master of Technology) in

Electrical Engineering

Specialization: Power Systems

First Semester Syllabus

From Academic Year 2013‐2014

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Electrical Engineering Branch Specialization: Power Systems

M.Tech First Semester Syllabus

Teaching and Examination Scheme

Subject

Code Subject Name Teaching

Scheme Examination Scheme

Th.+Tut (L+T)

Pr.(P)

Theory Marks Term Work

(Internal)

Practical (External)

Total Internal

Assessment End

Sem. Exam CT‐1 CT‐ 2 CT

AVG 5021101 Mathematical

Foundations of Technology

04 ‐ 30 30 30 70 ‐ ‐ 100

5021102 Optimal Power System Operation

04 ‐ 30 30 30 70 ‐ ‐ 100

5021103 Principles and Practices in Power Conditioning

04 ‐ 30 30 30 70 ‐ ‐ 100

5021104 Digital Signal and Image Processing

04 ‐ 30 30 30 70 ‐ ‐ 100

5021105 Elective - I 04 ‐ 30 30 30 70 ‐ ‐ 100 5021106 Optimal Power System

Operation Lab ‐ 03 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 75 175 250

5021107 Digital Signal and Image Processing Lab

‐ 03 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 75 175 250

20 06 150 350 150 350 1000 L‐Lecture, T‐ Tutorial, P‐ Practical, ESE‐ End Semester Examination, CT‐ Class Test, TA‐ Teacher's Assessment

Table – I Elective – I

S.N. Subject Code Subject 1

Elective - I 5021105A Reactive Power Compensation and Management

2 5021105B Power Semiconductor Devices and Protection 3 5021105C Wireless Communication and Cellular Systems

Note (1) Choice of elective once made for an examination cannot be changed in future examinations. Note (2) Examination Duration of all Theory papers will be of THREE hours.

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Subject Code: 5021101 Subject Name: Mathematical Foundations of Technology Total No. of Classes: 40 Hours Class Tests: Minimum TWO class tests must be conducted

Detailed Syllabus Topics Hrs

Unit – I Group Theory and Applications: Basic concept of set theory, Relations, Partial order & total order relations, Lattices & Hasse diagram, Functions, Composition of functions and some special functions. Introduction to graph theory, Groups, Homomorphism and Isomorphism of groups, COSETS and Lagrange’s Theorem, Elements of Coding theory, Group codes, Decoding, Hamming matrices, The Parity check and Generator Matrices. Channel models, Channel capacity, Channel Coding, Convolution Codes.

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Unit – II Number Theory and Applications: Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, Euclid’s algorithm, Modular arithmetic, Fermat little theorem, Euler’s Theorem, Primality Testing. Introduction to Cryptography, Encryption, Decryption, Integer Factoring Problem, Discrete Logarithm Problem, Hash Function, Digital Signature, Symmetric key Cryptosystem, Public key Cryptosystem, Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange, RSA Cryptosystem, ElGamal Cryptosystem, Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem.

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Unit – III Transform Theory: Fourier Series (Review), Fourier Transform, Laplace Transform, Z - Transform.

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Unit-IV Application of Transform Theory : Solving Differential Equations by Transform Methods (ODE & PDE), Solving Integral Equations by Transform Methods, Solving Difference Equations, Linearity, Time Scaling, Time Shifting, Frequency Shifting (Amplitude Modulation), Time differentiation and Time Integration.

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Unit - V Optimization & Modeling: Basics of Mathematical Modeling, Linear Programming Problem (Formulation & Solution), Transportation Problem, Assignment Problem, Non – Linear Programming Problem, Dynamic Programming Problem, Simulation.

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Recommended Books:

1. Higher Engineering Mathematics – B. S. Grewal (42nd – Edition) – Khanna Publishers . 2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics – E. Kryzig (9th – Edition) – John Willy Publication. 3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics - Jain / Iynger – Narosa Publication. 4. J.P. Tremblay and R. Manohar, “Discrete Mathematical Structures with applications to Computer

Sscience”, TMH, 2000. 5. Swapan Kumar Sarkar, “A Text Book of Discrete Mathematics”, S. Chand & Company Ltd., 2001. 6. Gareth A. Jones, Josephine Mary Jones, “Elementary Number Theory”, Springer-Verlag, 2004. 7. Neal Koblitz, “A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography”, Springer-Verlag, 2005. 8. Alfred J. Menezes, Paul C. Van Oorschot, Scott A. Vanstone, “Handbook of Applied Cryptography”, CRC

Press, 2000. 9. Johannes A.Buchman, “Introduction to Cryptography”, Springer-Verlag, 2005. 10. C.L. Liu, “Elements of Discrete Mathematics”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2002. 11. Bernard Kolman, Robert C. Busby and Sharon Cutler Ross, “Discrete Mathematical Structures”, Pearson

Education, 2004. 12. Narsingh Deo, “Graph theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science”, Prentice Hall of

India, 2003. 13. Mott, A. Kandel and T.P. Baker, “Discrete Mathematics for Computer Scientists and Mathematicians”,

Prentice Hall of India, 2002. 14. Ranjan Bose, “Information theory: Coding and Cryptography”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002. 15. Viterbi, “Information Theory and Coding”, McGraw Hill, 1982. 16. John G. Proakis, “Digital Communications”, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1989. 17. H. A. Taha, “Operations Research: An Introduction”, Pearson Education. 18. Gupta PK, PK Gupta, Kantiswaroop, “Operation Research” Sultan Chand & Sons.

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Subject Code: 5021102 Subject Name: Optimal Power System Operation Total No. of Classes: 40 Hours Class Tests: Minimum TWO class tests must be conducted

Detailed Syllabus Topics Hrs

Unit – I INTRODUCTION : The Realm and Concepts of Power System Optimization, Characteristics of Power Generation Units.

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Unit – II POWER SYSTEM CONTROL : Generation control loops, load frequency control, automatic generation control (AGC), reactive power and voltage control, AGC with optimal dispatch of generation, pole, placement optimal control.

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Unit - III OPTIMAL DISPATCH OF GENERATION : Nonlinear function optimization, equality and inequality constraints, economic dispatch of thermal units with and without losses, derivation of loss formula, unit commitment, constraints in unit commitment, solution of unit commitment problem, Spinning Reserve.

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Unit- IV HYDROTHERMAL SCHEDULING: Long and short range scheduling, Hydroelectric Plant Models, Pumped Storage Models, Scheduling problems and solution methods.

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Unit -V OPTIMAL POWER DISPATCH : Loss Minimization or Reactive Power Dispatch, Economic Emission Dispatch, Power Pools and Evaluation of Power Interchange, Interchange Evaluation, Interchange with Unit Commitment, Multiple Interchange, Types of Interchange and Constraints.

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Recommended Books:

1. Wood J. and Woolenberg B. F., Power Generation Operation and Control, John Wiley & Sons.

2. Debs A. S., Modern Power Systems Control and Operation, EPRI publication. 3. Elgerd O.I., Electric Energy System Theory- An Introduction, McGraw-Hill. 4. Saadat H., Power System Analysis, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.

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Subject Code: 5021103 Subject Name: Principles and Practices in Power Conditioning Total No. of Classes: 40 Hours Class Tests: Minimum TWO class tests must be conducted

Detailed Syllabus Topics Hrs

Unit-I OVERVIEW: Concepts of non-liner loads and power conditioning, unity power factor rectifier, STATCOM (Static Compensator).

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Unit - II VOLTAGE SAG: The voltage sag and voltage swell, the causes of voltage sag and swell, indices to classify voltage sag, the countermeasures.

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Unit – III POWER SUPPLY AND APPLICATIONS: Analysis, design and control of SMPS, UPS on line and off line, Power supplies in telecommunication, power supplies in auto-mobiles, linear series and shunt voltage regulators, IC voltage regulators, switching regulators. High frequency induction heating, dielectric heating, microwave heating, electronic ballast, high power factor electronic ballast and applications

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Unit – IV MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS AND CONTROL : Modeling and analysis of advance static VAR compensation, multi level inverters, harmonic elimination method, ASVC structure, and power converter control using state space average models, SMC, fuzzy logic control.

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Unit – V FILTERS : Passive and active filters for harmonic and reactive power compensation in two wire, three wire and four wire AC systems, harmonics standard, power quality, surge suppressors, compensation of arc furnaces and traction loads, Case studies using DSP control techniques in active filters and power supplies.

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Recommended Books:

1. Erickson J., Handbook of Electrical Heating for Industry, IEEE Press 2. Rashid M.H., Power Electronics Handbook, Elsevier Press (Academic Press series) 3. Bollen M.H.J., Understanding Power Quality and Voltage Sag, IEEE Press.

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Subject Code: 5021104 Subject Name: Digital Signal and Image Processing Total No. of Classes: 40 Hours Class Tests: Minimum TWO class tests must be conducted

Detailed Syllabus

Topics HrsUnit - I SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS : Definitions, Characterization and Classification of Signals, Typical Signal Processing operations, Example of typical Signals, Case Studies: Typical Signal Processing Applications. Discrete Time Signals, Operations on Sequences, Linear shift-invariant systems, Stability and Causality, Linear Constant Coefficient Difference Equations, Frequency Domain representation of Discrete-time systems, Symmetry properties of the Fourier transform, Sampling of Continuous-time systems, Z-transforms, Inverse Z-transform, Properties of Z-transform and its applications in the analysis and design of Cyber Security System, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) & its properties, Computation of the DFT of real sequences, Linear Convolution using the DFT, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), Chirplet Transform

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Unit – II FUNDAMENTALS OF IMAGE PROCESSING : Introduction, Fundamental Steps in Image Processing, Elements of Digital Image Processing Systems, Image Sampling and Quantization, Image Enhancement in the Spatial Domain, Basics of Spatial Filters, Smoothening and Sharpening Spatial Filters, Combining Spatial Enhancement Methods, Image Enhancement in the Frequency Domain, Introduction to Fourier Transform and the frequency Domain, Smoothing and Sharpening, Frequency Domain Filters, Homo-morphic Filtering, Image Restoration.

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Unit – III IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND SEGMENTATION : Image Compression, Coding, Inter-pixel and Psycho-visual Redundancy, Image Compression Models, Elements of Information Theory, Error free (lossless) compression, Lossy compression, Image compression standards. Image Segmentation, Detection of Discontinuities, Edge linking and boundary detection, Thresholding, Region Oriented Segmentation, Motion based Segmentation.

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Unit – IV MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGE PROCESSING : Boundary Descriptors, Regional Descriptors, Use of Principal Components for Description, Introduction to Morphology, Some basic Morphological Algorithms. Object Recognition, Patterns and Pattern Classes, Decision - Structural Methods and Template Matching methods.

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Unit – V CYBER SECURITY BASED APPLICATIONS THROUGH DSIP : Study and Analysis of any research based problems (at least five) as case studies

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Recommended Books: 1. Rafael C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education, 2nd edition, 2004. 2. Alan V. Oppenheim & Ronald W. Schafer, “Digital Signal Processing”, PHI, 2002. 3. A.K. Jain, “Fundamental of Digital Image Processing”, PHI, 2003. 4. Sanjit K Mitra, “Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach” TMH, 2nd Edition, 2003.

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Subject Code: 5021105A Subject Name: Reactive Power Compensation and Management (Elective – I) Total No. of Classes: 40 Hours Class Tests: Minimum TWO class tests must be conducted

Detailed Syllabus Topics Hrs

UNIT I: Load Compensation: Objectives and specifications – reactive power characteristics – inductive and capacitive approximate biasing – Load compensator as a voltage regulator – phase balancing and power factor correction of unsymmetrical loads- examples.

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UNIT II: Steady and Transient State Reactive power compensation in transmission system: Steady State: Uncompensated line – types of compensation – Passive shunt and series and dynamic shunt compensation – examples, Transient State: Characteristic time periods – passive shunt compensation – static compensations- series capacitor compensation –compensation using synchronous condensers – examples

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UNIT-III: Reactive power coordination: Objective – Mathematical modeling – Operation planning – transmission benefits – Basic concepts of quality of power supply – disturbances- steady –state variations – effects of under voltages – frequency – Harmonics, radio frequency and electromagnetic interferences

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UNIT-IV: Demand, Distribution and User Side Reactive power management: Demand Side: Load patterns – basic methods load shaping – power tariffs- KVAR based tariffs penalties for voltage flickers and Harmonic voltage levels, Distribution Side: System losses –loss reduction methods – examples – Reactive power planning – objectives – Economics Planning capacitor placement – retrofitting of capacitor banks, User Side: KVAR requirements for domestic appliances – Purpose of using capacitors – selection of capacitors – deciding factors – types of available capacitor, characteristics and Limitations

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UNIT-V: Reactive power management in electric traction systems and are furnaces:Typical layout of traction systems – reactive power control requirements – distribution transformers- Electric arc furnaces – basic operations- furnaces transformer –filter requirements – remedial measures –power factor of an arc furnace

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Recommended Books:

1. Reactive power control in Electric power systems by T.J.E.Miller, John Wiley and sons, 1982

2. Reactive power Management by D.M.Tagare,Tata McGraw Hill,2004.

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Subject Code: 5021105B Subject Name: Power Semiconductor Devices and Protection (Elective – I) Total No. of Classes: 40 Hours Class Tests: Minimum TWO class tests must be conducted

Detailed Syllabus Topics Hrs

Unit I: Overview of Power Switching Devices: Introduction to power switching devices, classification of devices, controlled and un-controlled devices, i-v characteristics of ideal and real switching devices.

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Unit-II: Power Diodes: Device structure and V-I characteristics, ratings & specifications, switching characteristics, reverse recovery, classification of various diodes: Schotky diode, line frequency diodes, fast recovery diodes

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Unit-III: Power Transistors & MOSFETs: Transistors: Device structure and i-v characteristics, ratings & specifications, switching characteristics, ON to OFF and OFF to ON state transitions, ON/OFF transition loss analysis, driver circuit, MOSFETs: Device structure and i-v characteristics, ratings & specifications, switching characteristics, ON to OFF and OFF to ON state transitions, ON/OFF transition loss analysis, driver circuit.

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Unit-IV: IGBT: Device structure and V-I characteristics, ratings & specifications, switching characteristics, ON to OFF and OFF to ON state transitions, ON/OFF transition loss analysis,. Comparison of all the above devices with reference to power handling capability, frequency of operation, driver circuit, .emerging power switching devices.

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Unit-V: Protection of the Switching Devices: Device protection against over voltage/currents, di/dt and dv/dt; safe operating area, design of snubbers for power devices. Thermal Management: Conduction and transition losses computation, thermal model of the device, steady-state temperature rise, electrical equivalent circuit of thermal model, sizing of the heat sink. Passive Components: Magnetic circuit, review of design of line frequency inductors and transformers, design of high frequency inductors and transformers.

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Recommended Books: 1. Power Electronics Circuits- B. W. Williams 2. Power Electronics Circuits, Devices and Applications – M. H. Rashid-PHI 3. Power Electronics –Converters, Applications and Design – Mohan and Undeland-John

Wiley & Sons 4. Power Electronics: L. Umanand

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Subject Code: 5021105C Subject Name: Wireless Communications and Cellular Systems (Elective – I) Total No. of Classes: 40 Hours Class Tests: Minimum TWO class tests must be conducted

Detailed Syllabus Topics Hrs

Unit - I OVERVIEW OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS: A basic cellular system, Performance criteria, Uniqueness of mobile radio environment, Operation of cellular systems, Planning a cellular system, Overview of generations of cellular systems. Elements of Cellular Radio, Systems Design and Interference, General description of the problem, Concept of frequency reuse channels, Co‐channel Interference reduction factor, Desired C/I from a normal case in an Omni‐directional antenna system, Cell splitting, Consideration of the components of cellular systems, Introduction to co‐channel interference, Co‐channel measurement design of antenna system, Antenna parameter and their effects.

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Unit - II MOBILE SIGNAL COVERAGES AND PROPOGATION LOSS MEDIUMS : Cell Coverage for Signal & antenna structures, General introduction, Obtaining the mobile point to point mode, Propagation over water or flat open area, Foliage loss, Propagation near in distance, Long distance propagation, Point‐to‐Point prediction model‐ Characteristics, Cell site, Antenna heights and Signal coverage cells, Mobile to mobile propagation. Characteristics of basic antenna structures, Antenna at cell site, Mobile antennae.08

Unit – III CHANNEL UTILIZATION AND ITS MANAGEMENT : Frequency Management & Channel Assignment, Hand‐Off & Dropped‐Calls Frequency Management, Fixed channel assignment, Non‐fixed channel assignment, Traffic & channel assignment, Why hand off?, Types of handoff and their characteristics, Dropped call rates & their evaluation.08

Unit – IV ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION MECHANISMS: Modulation methods and coding for error detection and correction, Introduction to Digital Modulation techniques, Modulation methods in cellular wireless systems, OFDM, Block Coding, Convolution Coding and Turbo coding, Multiple Access Techniques: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Time‐Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), CDMA capacity, Probability of bit error considerations, CDMA compared with TDMA. 08

Unit – V CASE STUDIES ON CELLULAR SYSTEMS : Second generation digital wireless systems, GSM, IS‐136 (D‐AMPS), IS‐95, Mobile Management, Voice Signal processing and coding 08

Recommended Books: 1. William, C Y Lee, “Mobile Cellular Telecommunications” 2nd Edition McGraw Hill, 2002. 2. Mischa Schwartz, “Mobile Wireless Communications”, Cambridge University press, 2005 3. Theodore S Rapport, “Wireless Communication Principles and Practice”, 2nd Edition Pearson Education, 2002. 4. Lawrence Harte, “3G Wireless Demystified”, McGraw Hill publication, 2002. 5. Kaveh Pahlavan and Prashant Krishnamurthy, “Principles of Wireless Networks”, PHI, 2000.

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Subject Code: 5021106 Subject Name: Optimal Power System Operation Lab. Total No. of Periods = 40 Hours

Detailed Syllabus Term work: Term work shall consist of record of the experiments, based on the following :

1. To measure negative sequence and zero sequence reactance of synchronous machine 2. To Study The Single Line To Ground Fault 3. To Study Line To Line Fault for:

a. DIRECT AXIS AND QUADRATURE AXIS REACTANCE OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE b. DIRECT AXIS AND QUADRATURE AXIS SUBTRANSIENT REACTANCE OF

SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE 4. To study I.D.M. T. Over current relay (electro mechanical type) 5. To study Percentage Differential Relay 6. To study the instantaneous relay and determine the pick up and reset values. 7. To study Thermal Relay & Fuse Characteristics 8. To study the earth fault relay or over current relay determine the characteristics and.

9. The (A) Study Of Over Voltage Relay

(B) Study Of Under Voltage Relay 10. To Study the under voltage relay (Electronics-Static Type) 11. To Study the over voltage relay (Electronics – Static Type) 12. Experiment kit to find out a, b, c, d, parameter, hybrid parameter and image parameter of given

transmission model. 13. Experiment Setup To Study The Performance of a long transmission line under no-load and under light

load condition 14. Experiment Kit to Study the performance of a long transmission line under load at different power

factors 15. Experiment Kit to study the performance characteristics of a typical DC distribution system (Radial

configuration) 16. Simulation of economic Dispatch of Thermal Units. 17. Unit Commitment Problem. 18. Hydro Thermal scheduling. 19. Tie Line and Two area System. 20. AVR Control using different Exciters and Turbines. 21. ALFC Control using different Exciters and Turbines. 22. Optimal load flow FD. 23. Harmonic load flow. 24. Load forecasting (long term/ medium term/short term)

More experiments must be there with reference to the contents of subject code 5021103

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Subject Code: 5021107 Subject Name: Digital Signal and Image Processing Lab. Total No. of Periods = 40 Hours

Detailed Syllabus

Term work: Term work shall consist of record of the experiments based on the following:

1. Study and Analyze important Signal Processing and Statistics toolbox functions with at least two types of Signals.

2. Write a Matlab/Labview code for the implementation of Convolution theorem and its applications. 3. Write a Matlab/Labview code for the observation of frequency response and phase response of the

signal. 4. Repeat the above problem for the following cases

a) Human Speech (Male). b) Human Speech (Female). c) Human Speech (Child).

5. Write a Matlab/Labview code to observe the Impulse response of different types of signals. 6. Write a Matlab/Labview code to implement DFT and FFT of any type of signal. 7. Write a Matlab/Labview code to implement DWT and CWT of any type of signal. 8. Write a Matlab/Labview code to implement DCT of any type of signal. 9. Write a Matlab/Labview code of the detection and counting Zero-Crossings of Speech Signal. 10. Write a Matlab/Labview code for the study of all types of Windowing techniques and its performance

measures over any signal. 11. Write a Matlab/Labview program for the study and analysis of different Biometrical Signal traits of

Human being for the gender, age and prosodic features. 12. Study and Analyze important Image Processing toolbox functions with at least two standard images

like Cameraman, Lena, Monkey and others. 13. Write a Matlab/Labview code for Image reading and displaying the results in matrix form and hence

changing the matrix elements by multiplying with the factor 0.001 and hence writing to a file with extension .jpeg format and hence plot a histogram.

14. Write a Menu driven program in Matlab/Labview for implementing the following a. Converting Color to Gray Scale and hence enhancement with segmentation. b. Color Image enhancement and Segmentation. c. Comparison of the above two options through Histogram plotting. d. Quit with a dialog box for confirmation of yes and No command button.

15. Write a Menu driven program in Matlab/Labview for the study and analysis of different Biometrical Images like Iris, finger print, Human Gait, Human face (frontal), Human face (from Side-view), Human face (temporal view) and any other Biometrical traits for the implementation of enhancement, segmentation and features extraction.

16. Case studies through Matlab/Labview on the following a) Mapping process for Trained and Test Signal. b) Mapping process for Trained and Test Images.

Any other experiments with reference to the contents of subject code 5021104.