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Week four /Oct. 3rd
Authority
Authority (1)
Authority is a right conferred by recognized social position. Authority often refers to power vested in an individual or organization by the state. Authority can also refer to recognized expertise in an area of academic knowledge.
Authority (2)
Authority is the psychological ability of leaders to get others to obey. It relies on a sense of obligation based on the legitimate power of office.
AuthoritySome authority comes with the office. For example, Barrack Obama gets some authority just because he is the president of the United States,. But when he steps down from the office, his authority will be removed.
Legitimacy
Legitimacylegitimacy is the popular acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or a regime. Whereas “authority” denotes a specific position in an established government, the term “legitimacy” denotes a system of government — wherein “government” denotes “sphere of influence”
Legitimacy Political legitimacy is considered a basic condition for governing, without which a government will suffer legislative deadlock(s) and collapse. In political systems where this is not the case, unpopular régimes survive because they are considered legitimate by a small, influential élite.
Sovereignty Sovereignty is the quality of having supreme, independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory, a certain number of citizens, such as a population, an organized force to protect both its territory and its people, armed forces for instance, and effective government for governing.
Paradigm
The basic meaning of the term paradigm is as "a typical example or pattern of something; a pattern or model accepted by a discipline. Thomas Kuhn defines a scientific paradigm as: "universally recognized scientific achievements that, for a time, provide model problems and solutions for a community of practitioners.”
BehaviorismBehaviorism (or behaviourism), is an approach to psychology that combines elements of philosophy, methodology, and theory. It emerged in the early twentieth century as a reaction to "mentalistic psychology. The primary tenet of behaviorism, as expressed in the writings of John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner, and others, is that psychology should concern itself with the observable behavior of people and animals, not with unobservable events that take place in their minds.
System Theory
Systems theory is the interdisciplinary study of systems in general, with the goal of elucidating principles that can be applied to all types of systems at all nesting levels in all fields of research. One major problem of system theory is too static, ignoring the status quo.
Key Thinkers and DatesExample, “stood Hegel on his head” to makeLEFT Maoism 1930s ; Titoism 1950s; Communism Lenin, 1903; Social Democracy Bernstein, 1901; Modern Liberalism T. H. Green, 1880s ;Modern ConservatismFriedman, 1960s; Eurocommunism 1970s ; Neo-Conservatism, 1970s; Fascism Mussolini, 1922; Socialism Marx, 1848; Radicalism Rousseau, 1762; Tom Paine, 1793; Nationalism Mazzini, 1850s; Conservatism Burke, 1792; reaction against fake actual
Political Ideologies
Questions1. Are Islamists terrorists? Why or why not?2. How many communist states are there in the world? Are they all the same in political systems?
Political Spectrum
Modernization Theory
• Rational Choice Theory• New Institutionalism
Major Ideologies Social theories are frameworks of empirical evidence used to study and interpret social phenomena. A tool used by social scientists, social theories relate to historical debates over the most valid and reliable methodologies
Homework four• Reading:
Michael G. Roskin, al. et. A Science of Politics, New Jersey: prentice Hall, 2012. pp. 39-45.
• Writing:Is Communism still relevant to the world today? (200 words minimum)*Quiz will be given next Monday~
