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3222021 Editorial Board
wwwijpronlinecomEditorialBoardaspx 12
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCHA Step Towards Excellence
IJPR INCLUDED IN UGC-APPROVED LIST OF JOURNALS - REF NO IS SL NO 4812 amp J NO 63703Published by Advanced Scientific Research
I S S N
0975-2366
C U R R E N T I S S U E
Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr -Jun 2021
A RT I C L E I N P R E S S
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A D O B E R E A D E R
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Acrobat Reader)
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I J P R 9 [ 3 ] J U LY -S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 7
S P E C I A L I S S U E
July - September 9[3] 2017
Click to download
Manuscript Status
GO
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor-in-Chief
Dr Dhiren P Shah infoijpronl inecom
Professor amp Principal Shree Naranjbhai Lalbhai Patel Col lege of Pharmacy
Associate Editors
Dr Vineet C Jain Vcjainsdpc156gmailcom
Professor amp Principal Bhagwan Mahavir Col lege of Pharmacy
DrKUMAR SUBRAMANI Ksubramanisaugustaedu
Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology Medical col lege of Georgia Augusta University formerly (Georgia Regents
University) Augusta
DrAyad F Alkaim ayad_alkaimyahoocom
University of Babylon Col lege of Science for Women Babylon Iraq Scopus Author ID 55255310600
Advisory Board (India)
Dr G K Jani Girishkjani2002yahoocom Professor K B Raval Col lege ofPharmacy Scopus Author ID6507785159
Dr P U Patel Drpareshpatel2005yahoocoinProfessor S K Patel Col lege of Pharmacy
Dr S P Bhatt Sunrisedeep78gmailcom Associate Professor K B Inst i tute of PharmaceuticalEducation amp Research
Dr B N Suhagia patelharyrediffmail com Professor amp Principal Dharmasi Desai Inst i tute ofTechnology Scopus AuthorId=6508322131
Dr P B Shah Pbshah23rediffmail com Principal B M Shah Pharmacy CollegeScopus author Id=15763373500
Paresh Bhagvatiprasad Shah Pbshah23rediffmail com Associate Professor Shri B M Shah College ofPharmacy Modasa ScopusAuthorId=15763373500
Dr S A Shah Shaileshshahutuacin Professor amp Principal Uka Tarsadia UniversityMaliba Pharmacy CollegeSurat Scopus Author ID7403888964
Dr M G Saraliya mgsaralaya68yahoocom Professor amp Principal CKPithawala inst i tute ofPharmaceutical Sciences andResearch
Dr A H Akabari ashokakabariyahoocom Associate Professor C K Pithawalla Inst i tute ofPharmaceutical Science ampResearch
Dr D D Santani Dr D M Patel drdmpatel1971gmailcom Department of Pharmaceuticsand Pharm Technology Shri Sarvajanik PharmacyCollege Scopus AuthorId=35080994100
Dr DJ Sen
Dr N M Patel Dr Paramjit Singh Prof Mohammed Rageeb
O N L I N E S U B M I S S I O N
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HomeHome About UsAbout Us Editorial BoardEditorial Board Instruction to AuthorsInstruction to Authors Current IssueCurrent Issue Article In PressArticle In Press Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents
3222021 Editorial Board
wwwijpronlinecomEditorialBoardaspx 22
Mohammed Usman
Dr U M Upadhyay Dr Umesh Patil Dr Biren N Shah birenpharmyahoocom
Dr N R Seth Dr S S Pancholi Mr Ravindra Reddy Yaramala
Dr K N Patel Dr G C Patel Dr M C Gohel
Dr A K Saluja Dr V V Jogani Dr C J Shishoo
Dr S K Jain Dr P J Shah Dr Prasanna Reddy Y B
Dr A K Seth Dr Maulik Panchal Dr Anurekha Jain
Dr T R Desai Mrs Kirti Patel Dr J R Chavda
Dr Rajesh Kasara Mrs Kalpana Patel Dr C N Patel
Dr Abhay Dharamsi Mr V D Prajapati Dr Angshu Banerjee angshubanerjeerediffmail com
Dr Sunil Jalalpure Dr Anil Jadhav Dr Veena K vkotabagigmail co
Dr Shailendra Lariya Dr B S Nayak Dr H P Dalvadi hpdalvadigmail com Associate Professor Rofel amp Shri G M BilakhiaCollege of Pharmacy
Dr J K Patel Dr K K Dholvani DR N G RAGHAVENDRARAO ngraghurediffmail com PROFESSOR AND DIRECTOR GRD [PG] Inst i tute ofManagement and Technology
Advisory Board (International)
Dr Parijat Kanaujia (Singapore) icesa-staredusg Agency for Science Technology andResearch (ASTAR) | AStar middot Inst i tute of Chemical and Engineering
Dr N Venkatesan (USA)
Dr Vikas Jaitely (UK)
Dr Parvaneh Rahimi-Moghaddam (Iran) rahimipiumsacir Associate Professor IRAN University of Medical Sciences(IUMS)
Dr Yogesh Katare (Canada)
Mr Nitesh G Sonani
Dr Ruchi Katare (Canada)
Mr Manish A Patel
Dr Vivek Mishra (Canada)
Dr A Omri (Sudbury Canada) aomrilaurentianca Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryLaurentian University Sudbury ONCanada Author ID 35492680500
MrHaresh Shah (USA)
DrPriyanka Bhatt psbhatthealthusfedu Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of SouthFlorida
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCHA Step Towards Excellence
IJPR INCLUDED IN UGC-APPROVED LIST OF JOURNALS - REF NO IS SL NO 4812 amp J NO 63703Published by Advanced Scientific Research
I S S N
0975-2366
C U R R E N T I S S U E
No Data found
A RT I C L E I N P R E S S
No Data found
A D O B E R E A D E R
(Require Adobe Acrobat Reader toopen If you dont have Adobe Acrobat
Reader)
Click here to Download
I J P R 9 [ 3 ] J U LY -S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 7
S P E C I A L I S S U E
July - September 9[3] 2017
Click to download
Manuscript Status
GO
Volume 13 Issue 1 Jan - Mar 2021
R E V I E W
Environmentally safe nontoxic and naturally occurring antiviral productPropolisndashA reviewDRSOWMYAS DR ANIL KUMAR GUJJARI DR K MRUTHUNJAYA
Pumpkin Seed Oil Extraction Physico-chemical Properties BiologicalActivities and Its Authentication AnalysisIRNAWATI ANJAR WINDARSIH SUGENG RIYANTO SUDIBYO MARTONOABDUL ROHMAN
Comparison of Vascular plant leaves in the ability to collect Atmosphericheavy metals in urban areasMUTHIK AGUDA JAWAD K OBAID KASIM KADHIM ALASEDI FARIS JALDUHAIDAHAWI MUTHANNA F ALI
Latest Updates on Materiovigilance Programme of India (MVPI)VINITHA E JAWAHAR N SENTHIL V
Cytokines The Immune Warriors in Periodontal Health and Disease- AnOverviewDRJAIDEEP MAHENDRA DR SHRUTHI CHANDRASEKARAN DRLITTLEMAHENDRA
An Epitome Of The Healthcare System In Underdeveloped CountriesConcern With Covid-19 SRUTHI N GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY VIGNESH M
Genus of Baccaurea Extraction Method Secondary Metabolites and ItsBiological ActivitiesLINA PERMATASARI SUGENG RIYANTO ABDUL ROHMAN
Ecopharmacovigilance A Comparative Regulatory Framework in The Us and EuMSPALLAVI MN DRGANESH GNK MRVIGNESH M
Metformin and Its Use in Cancer TherapyMEGHANADH MANYAM RAKSHITH K SAHYADRI M SAMUEL GEORGE P
Functional mechanisms for the development of acute respiratory viralinfectionINMEDVEDEV EDBAKULINA OGRYSAKOVA EVGARINAAVDORONTSEV FRSIBGATULINA
Systematic review the effect of smoking cessation intervention onpopulation with diabetesKHANSAA ALBAROODI
A Phytopharmacological Review on Syzygium CerasoideumSHAIK SADIK GEETHAKM VASIA NAGARAJA SREEHARSHA
Effects of regular exercise on functional activity of cardio-vascular systemSYU ZAVALISHINA AV ROMANOVA I R POZDNYAKOVA RV KOZJAKOV VISHARAGIN
Hand Hygiene and Adverse Skin Reactions COVID-19 ProspectSHAMBADITYA GOSWAMI KUSHAL NATH MISHRA NIKITA PAL KAMALSAINI ASHEESH SINGH M V KUMUDHAVALLI TEJPAL YADAV
Nutraceuticals as supplements in the management of arthritis A reviewSANTOSH KUMAR NAYAK SUSMITA JENA PRATAP KUMAR SAHUPRASHANT TIWARI HARISH CHANDRA CHAUDHURY
Brucella spp Virulence Factors ReviewTHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN HUSSEIN ALI KADHUM KASIM KADHIMALASEDI
Use of hydroxyurea in pediatrics with sickle cell anemiaELHAM ALSHAMMARI ANFAL ALSHAMMARI
Health impact of Obesity An Overview
O N L I N E S U B M I S S I O N
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HomeHome About UsAbout Us Editorial BoardEditorial Board Instruction to AuthorsInstruction to Authors Current IssueCurrent Issue Article In PressArticle In Press Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents
MOUSOMI ROY PRITHVIRAJ KARAK
Lymphatic Targeted Drug Delivery Systems And Its Application To HIV TreatmentA ReviewJUNA BRIGIT CHACKO GRVIJAYA SANKARA
Modern Views On The Etiopathogenesis And Diagnosis Of Burn Sepsis(Literature Review) RAKHMATILLO FAKHMEDOV
An Overview of Coronavirus Disease (MERSamp SARS) COVID- 19 SHAKIR BASHA S SUSMITHA K JAGADEESH P SUSMEENA TABASSUM KJUNAID AH FAYAZ AHMMED S ZUBER R KHIFAYATHULLA S ASWINI G
Comparative assessment of nasotracheobronchial drainage and conservativebronchoscopic debridement in the treatment of patients with lung abscessescomplicated by bronchial fistulaBAKODIR BSAFOYEV AZIZ QKHASANOV NODIR RKARSHIYEV
An updated review based on literature -Traditional use Phyto- chemistry andPharmacology of Leea indica (Burmf) MerrLINGARKARSILPAVATHI MUKESH KUMAR DAS SOVAN PATTNAIK DEBAJYOTIDAS
Do generic medicines compromise qualityNADA ALSALEH ALAA ALSHARIF ELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Depression And Anxiety In Cardiovascular Diseases Emerging Role OfPsychotherapy RAJA D ELMUTAZ BELAH MOHAMMED MANJU ROSY JOSE LIZ MATHEWJAYAKUMAR C ANAND VIJAYAKUMAR P R
A Review on Dementia with Lewy Body (DLB) PR ANAND VIJAYA KUMAR VIGNESHWAR SUNDARARAJAN VISHAL CHILKURI
A Review On Nanoparticles Preparation And Their Applications In PharmacySAHIL HUSAIN SIDDIQUI DRSUSHMA VERMA
Flaxseed as A Choice in The Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ndash AReviewMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL
Assessment of incidence of post-operative infection among trauma patientswith tooth in the line of fractureJAYA KEERTHANA S SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLIG
Assessment of prevalence and gender distribution of spacing - aretrospective studyASHIK AHAMED A NIVETHIGAA B RAKSHAGAN V
Preference of different types of astringents used during impression makingin fixed dental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Incidence of maxillary impacted teeth among patients who underwent surgicalremoval of impacted tooth an institutional based retrospective studySOYA ALFRED XAVIER DRABDUL WAHAB DRMSIVAKUMAR
Alveoloplasty and oral rehabilitation - an institution based retrospectivestudyROGHITH KANNAN MADHULAXMI MARIMUTHU REVATHI DURAISAMY
Assessment of tooth mobility in systemically healthy patients with chronicperiodontitis - an institutional based retrospective studyRINIESHAH NAIR R BASKRAN BALAJI GANESH S
Assessment of oral hygiene among outpatients in a dental college- aretrospective analysisJAYA KEERTHANAS LLEELAVATHI MARAGATHAVALLIG
Association Between Temporomandibular Joint Pain And Periodontitis InPatients With Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Visiting A Private DentalInstitution- A Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV MANJARI CHAUDHARY UMA MAHESWARITN
Analysis Of Temporisation Procedures In Single Crown Fabrication - ARetrospective StudyRUSHABH KAMDAR NIVEDHITHA MS ARUN MURUGAIYAN
Microbial Degradation Of Plastic - A ReviewBATHALA ANANYA RV GEETHA LAKSHMINARAYANAN ARIVARASU
Awareness On Biowarfare Among General Public - A SurveyAMIRTHA VARSHINI RV GEETHA LAKSHMINARAYANAN ARIVARASU
Has Lockdown Led To The Restoration Of Nature - A ReviewJAI REXLINPE AKANJALI ANITHA ROY
Knowledge And Awareness About Synthetic Dietary Supplements AmongPublic - SurveyCPRATHIBA REICHAL RV GEETHA LAKSHMINARAYANAN ARIVARASU
Association Between Stress And Monosodium Glutamate On Consumption OfFast Foods Among South Indian Population-A SurveySRAGUL PRASATH KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ JOTHI PRIYA A
The Impact Of Dentistry On Recent Advances In The Management OfHypertension-A ReviewETHARINY MP BRUNDHA
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Effects Of Kabasura Water Against N-Cov - A ReviewSKAMALA DEVI SMILINE GIRIJA AS
Preventive Measures To Stop N-Cov Transmission - A ReviewSBALAMITHRA SMILINE GIRIJA AS
Bioactive Roles Of Ginger And Its Effects Against Food Borne Pathogens - AReviewNANCY SELVAMARYV SMILINE GIRIJAAS
Dentin Desensitising AgentsASHWINIK VINAY SIVASWAMY
New Concepts Of Antigenic Shift And Antigenic Drift In Influenza And Corona - AReview Of LiteratureVMKAYAL DR MP BRUNDHA DRVINAY SIVASWAMY
Diagnostic Algorithm Of Covid 19 Screening And Testing - A ReviewSPADMAJA DRMPBRUNDHA
Crown Removal Methods In Dentistry - A Literature ReviewPAVASISHTA VINAY SIVASWAMY
Role Of Government During A Quarantine - A ReviewAATHIRACM LAKSHMINARAYANAN ARIVARASU
Luting Agents In Dentistry- A ReviewTHEIVA CHANDRANR JAYALAKSHMI SOMASUNDARAM ANJANEYULU K
Indian Spices And Immunity mdashA ReviewVSRI SRESHTAA JAYALAKSHMI SOMASUNDARAM ANJANEYULU K
Antibiotic Use And Antimicrobial Resistance - A ReviewPGSUSHMA DRVENKATESH DRL KEERTHI SASANKA SKAVITHA
Moringa oleifera as a Herbal Treatment for Oral Cancer A Systematic ReviewHARUN ACHMAD ARNI IRAWATY DJAIS YUNITA FEBY RAMADHANY ELENA GPETRENKO ALEXANDER MARKOV BAYU INDRA SUKMANA
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles to Design the Bio-Composite Films AReviewMUHAMMAD LUTHFAN EDY SUBROTO
Role of Oxidative Stress in phathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases AComprehensive Review NIRAJ KUMAR SINGH YASH KUMAR SINGH
Ras Ratna Pradip- A Book ReviewDR SANKALP SHARMA DR AMIT UPASANI DR KRISHNA RATHOD DR VMSREEKANTH
Cytokine Storm A Substantial Peril to Human HealthJEETENDRA KUMAR GUPTA
Proteus Mirabilis Virulence Factors ReviewTHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN KASIM KADHIM ALASEDI AHMEDABDULJABBAR JALOOB ALJANABY
The Using of Ethanol and Isopropyl Alcohol as a disinfectant Review THUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN HUSSEIN ALI KADHUM KASIM KADHIMALASEDI
Gender Features of Neurological Manifestations in Ischemic StrokeASADULLAYEV MAKSUD MAKHMUDOVICH RAKHIMBAEVA GULNARASATTAROVNA VAKHABOVA NARGIZA MAKSUDOVNA ASADULLAYEVHAMIDHON MAKSUDOVICH MIRZAAKHMEDOV FARRUKH MIRADILOVICHSAIDNOSIROV OYBEK QOBILOVICH
Ozone therapy- an emerging boon in periodontal managementDR JANANI M DR JAIDEEP MAHENDRA
A Review on Selected Herbs as Skin Care CosmeticsJOTHI PRAKASH K DRJAWAHARN DRSENTHILV HARIHARANR
Mental Health Disorders in Marital Relationship A Review of Sudha MurtyrsquosFictional CharactersPREMA S DR ARUNA ARPUTHAMALAR
Niosomes A Targeted Drug Delivery System OverviewSHUMAILA KHAN DR SUSHMA VERMA
Review on Ionic Liquids Green Solvent for Extraction of Herbal Active Ingredientsfrom Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsSANDEEP B MUNDHE SUYOGKUMAR V TARALKAR PRAKASH G JADHAVSANJAY B DETHE
Superbugs in EndodonticsMMANOJBDS RASHWIN KVIJAY VENKATESH MDS
Evans syndrome after Allogenic Peripheral Hematopoietic Stem Celltransplantation in a child with Severe Acquired Aplastic Anemia case report andliterature reviewGHOLAMREZA BAHOUSH FATEMEH AFRASHTEH
An Epitome On Contemporary Transdermal Drug Delivery System [Tdds]TechnologyKALKIS DRG NK GANESH MANISHAP
An Overview on Nasal Drug Delivery SystemPRAVINC DRGNKGANESH CHOUTHRID
Trefoil Factors and the Periodontium Unravelling the SecretsDR SRUTHI SRINIVASAN DR JAIDEEP MAHENDRA DR K ANILKUMAR DRLITTLE MAHENDRA
A Review On Herbal Cosmetic Cream For Chickenpox Blisters And ScarsMANISHAP DRJAWAHAR N DRSENTHIL V
An Overall Review of Quality by Design ApproachKALAIVANAN MITHRA CHANDRASEKARAN ARUN RADHAKRISHNAN
Disaster Management- An Comprehensive ReviewRVGEETHA T LAKSHMI
Pharmacological studies of Celastrus paniculatus -A ReviewSHALU ATTAR RAHUL KUMAR SHARMA
A review of classification algorithms in machine learning for medical IOT R PRABHA BALAKRISHNAN S S DEIVANAYAGI VKG KALAISELVI DPUSHGARA RANI ASWIN G
Pharmaceutical applications of genus sargassum in algae a reviewMANJUNATH K K MRUTHUNJAYA HARIPRIYA G
Overview of Adherence and Influencing Factors to Capecitabine In CancerPatients Systematic ReviewATIKA WAHYU PUSPITASARI SUSI ARI KRISTINA SATIBI YAYI SURYOPRABANDARI
Production and Characterization of IsoflavonesRAHILA YAKOOB BVPRADEEP
The efficacy of zinc supplementation in postpartum depression A review ofstudies on pregnancy and post-delivery careELHAM ALSHAMMARI
An Overview of Cocoa Butter Novel Excipients for Oral TabletsPEARLY CHIA ZHI QING ASHOK KUMAR JANAKIRAMAN SHIEK ABDULKADHAR MOHAMED EBRAHIM HABIBUR RAHMAN LIEW KAI BIN
Factors associated with stroke in Thai young adults an integrative reviewVACHIRA POSAI WANICH SUKSATAN
A Review Activity Study of Itchy Leaves (Laportea decumana Roxb Wadd) as aMedicinal PlantLUKMAN LA BASY HASYRUL HAMZAH ASRIULLAH JABBAR
Chrono-therapeutics Recent advances and developmentSJAWED SATISH CS
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A Review DEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
Trefoil factors and the Periodontium Unravelling the SecretsDR SRUTHI SRINIVASAN DRJAIDEEP MAHENDRA DRKANILKUMAR DRLITTLEMAHENDRA
A Review on Prominent Biomaterials Employed in the Management of DiabeticWoundsSURAJ S PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
Yogachintamani ndash A Book ReviewPATEL RAJAT V M SREEKANTH UPASANI AMIT RATHOD KRISHNA
Repurposing of Drugs Progress development approaches and challengesRASANPREET KAUR AKSHATA MANDLOI SUDARSHAN SINGH LAKHAWAT DESHDEEPAK SINGH SUNIL KUMAR VIKRAM KUMAR
Extraction Methods of Amomum compactum A ReviewTYAGITA HARTADY ROOSTITA LOBO BALIA MAS RIZKY ANGGUN ADIPURNASYAMSUNARNO SABRI JASNI BAMBANG PONTJO PRIOSOERYANTO
An Insight of Emerging Role of Nanotechnology for the Management of AthletersquosFootKARTHICK AISHWARYA REDDY RAMAN SURESHKUMAR
Updates on Synthesis and Biological Activities of Quinoline Derivatives A ReviewSHIVALI MISHRA SALAHUDDIN RAJNISH KUMAR AVIJIT MAJUMDER AJAYKUMAR CHANCHAL SINGH DEVLEENA TIGLANI
Analysis of the study of motivational perceptions in patients with diabetesand hypertension for successful self-managementSENTHILKUMAR V MAHESHKUMAR VP SENTHILKUMAR SK
Aerosols in Dentistry ndash Microbes Disease Transmission and Infection ControlConcepts RevisitedSHONALI VIJAYARAJ GEETHA ARI SATHISH RAJENDRAN JAIDEEP MAHENDRALAKSHMI PRIYAK AMBALAVANAN NAMASIVAYAM
Critical Review of Nidan Nidan Parivarjan and its Significance in TreatmentDRAPARNA BAGUL VDARUN VAIDYA DRVAIDEHI RAOLE
Risk of Parabens in Human UseKARTHIKEYAN L V JERO VICTOR WILSON SHUBHAM KUMAR PARIDA BIKASHCHANDRA NATH DRMRJEYAPRAKASH
Core-Shell Nanoparticles Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and ChitosanHyaluronic-Acidas a Socket Preservation for Dental ImplantMARTINING SHOFFA PUSPITANINGRUM RIFQAH ANANDA MAPPANANRANGALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA
Clinical Trial Regulations of Personalized MedicineTEENA SHERIN M ARUN RADHAKRISHNAN
A Detailed Review on Drug Delivery Technologies for the Management of BrainTumourARUN K ARUN RADHAKRISHAN
Judicial Review in Indonesia State SystemsMONICA PUSPA DEWI SUGANDA PUTRI FXADJI SAMEKTO YUSRIYADIPARAMITA PRANANINGTYAS
The first psychological management intervention towards community resiliencefacing covid-19 infectionDIAH PRIYANTINI NURSALAM NURSALAM TINTIN SUKARTINI
Behavioral analysis of customer through customer review and profile using chi-square method DRSARVJEET KAUR
Covid-19 vaccine candidates under clinical evaluation - a review DINESH KUMAR LAKSHMI NARAYANAN SAMINATHAN KAYAROHANAMSHIVKANYA FULORIA NEERAJ KUMAR FULORIA ASHOK KUMARJANAKIRAMAN SINOUVASSANE DJEARAMANE YUAN SENG WUSRIKUMAR CHAKRAVARTHI VETRISELVAN SUBRAMANIYAN
Synthetic Approaches and Biological Activities of Quinoline Derivatives A ReviewDEVLEENA TIGLANI SALAHUDDIN SALAHUDDIN AVIJIT MAZUMDER RAJNISHKUMAR SHIVALI MISHRA
Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of Sciatic Nerve a CasePresentation and Literature ReviewREZA TAVAKOLI DARESTANI FARZAD AMOUZADEH OMRANI MOHAMADMAHDIOMIDIAN HAMED HAKIMI ASIABAR MOHAMMAD AMIN SHAHRBAF HASSANBARATI
Mental Health The Matter of Serious Concern- A ReviewMAHESH SIRASANGI SEEMA MEHDI K L KRISHNA SAHYADRI M NIRMA
Factors Affecting Chronik Kidney Disease Costs Systematic ReviewENDANG SUNARIYANTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI DWI ENDARTI DIAH AYUPUSPANDARI
Ganoderma Lucidum (Curtis) P Karst An Updated OverviewPARAMAKRISHNAN N HARIPRIYA G JEEVA GEORGE POORANI S PRAVEEN RRAHUL S VARSHA P
A Systematic Review on Technical Aspects in the Development of Dry PowderInhalers (DPI)PRIYANKA SATISH GONDHALE DR BINOY VARGHESE CHERIYAN
The Doomed Journey Of Covid-19 ndash Diagnosis Pathological Genomic AndTreatment ProfilingRAMANPREET WALIA SHIKHA SAXENA SHRIYANI ROY
TitlePreprosthetic Surgeries and its Protocol for Complete Dentures A ReviewHANAN GHAZI SHANAB FARHEENA USTAD GHUFRAN IBRAHIM ABDULRAHMANALAYFAN SHAEESTAKHALEELAHMEDBHAVIKATTIABDULRHMANMOHAMMEDYALYOUSEF ABDULRAHMAN YOUSUFABDULRAHMAN ALSHEBEL
Revealing the lactogenic anti-obesity and antidiabetic activity of CyperusrotundusSARITHAR SUSEEM SR
Neonatal risk factors for cerebral palsy BABHINANDH KRIPA LALVI ROSHNI P R
Phytoextraction Study of Cadmium and Lead Using Different Plants in PollutedSoils A ReviewALI HUSSEIN HANO MOHANAD LUAY JAWHER SHAHLAA HUSSEIN HANO
R E S E A R C H
A new curcumin analog CCA-11 induces cell cycle arrest and senescencetoward ER-positive breast cancer cellsDHANIA NOVITASARI FEBRI WULANDARI RIRIS ISTIGHFARI JENIEROHMAD YUDI UTOMO JUN-YA KATO EDY MEIYANTO
Pharmaceutical Analysis of Drakshadi Syrup - A Polyherbal Ayurvedic HematinicABOLI PATIL RAJANISH METI SWAPNIL CR
Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for theDetermination of Ivacaftor in Bulk and its Pharmaceutical FormulationTANUJA S GANAPATY VARANASI S N MURTHY
COVID-19 Knowledge and Perception Among HealthCare Professionals inTwo Arabian Gulf CountriesNADA AALSALEH ELHAM ALSHAMMARI ALAA ALSHARIF MESHARIALHAMED ABDULMOHSEN ALSALEH ABEER ALSMARI ANFALALSHAMMARI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
Study of BMI Glucose Level and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes MellitusMOUSOMI ROY ARINDOM BANERJEE SATYANARAYANA P RAJKUMARMAITI PRITHVIRAJ KARAK FATIK BARAN MANDAL
Sensitive and Developed Normal-FIA Methods for The SpectrophotometricDetermination of Diosmin In Pharmaceutical Formulations UsingDiazotization Coupling Reactions
MAYASA MOHAMMED SADEEM SUBHI ABED
Formulation Development and Optimization of Extended Release Pellets ofDexketoprofen TrometamolBHUPENDRA GPRAJAPATI ALPESH PATEL
A Cross Sectional Study on Stress Among Medical Students of Kolhapur City ofMaharashtra Study on stress among medical studentsDRJEEVANKUMAR UYADAV DRDEEPMALA JYADAV
Nanocatalytic Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated Using CamelliaSinensis (Linn) Tender Leaf Extract and Their CharacterizationKRISHNAKUMAR S BETHANNEY JANNEY J SINDU DIVAKARAN LUMENCHRISTY V PRAKASH WILLIAMS G
Calcium Hydroxide Upregulates Interleukin-10 Expression in TimeDependent Exposure and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation of HumanUmbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells ERIC PRIYO PRASETYO MEFINA KUNTJORO FEBRIASTUTI CAHYANISETYABUDI GOENHARTO WIDYA SARASWATI DEVI EKA JUNIARTI NIKEHENDRIJANTINI NINUK HARIYANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA FEDIKABDUL RANTAM
Study of School Entomology Factors on The Impact of Behavioral Changes(Combi) Of the Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in ElementarySchool ChildrenASRIWATI AMIRAH ISMAIL EFENDY ARIFAH DEVI FITRIANI ENDANG
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Cefotaxime DerivativesWASFI AL-MASOUDI RITA S ADAM SAMAR S GHAZI
Authentication Analysis of Snakehead Fish Oil Using Combination of FTIRSpectra and ChemometricsFELLA SYIFA IRNAWATI ALDI BUDI RIYANTA ABDUL ROHMAN
Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus Among Rural Population in IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA FARRAS AMSI SALSABILA SUCI HANIFAH
Evaluation of Different Prepared Binary Systems for DifferentPharmaceutical ApplicationsOMAR YMADY AHMED ADONIA ESMAT ZEIN EL-DEEN SOAAD AHMED
Anti-Inflammatory And Toxicity Studies Of Substituted HydrazinePyrazolone DerivativesSINDHU E ROOPA P NAYAK PREMA SALDANHA DARSHAN RAJ C GSHASHIDHARA KS
Qualitative Analysis and In-Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of Cleome GynandraStemANANDARAJAGOPAL KALUSALINGAM NASYIKA SAMSUDIN ABDULLAH KHANKRUPAVARAM BETHALLA VIJAY KOTRA KAI BIN LIEW MEI JUN LOY SIEW MEIYEE
Adenine Used as Agent Induced of Chronic Kidney Disease Accompanied Anemiafor Rats and rHuEPO-alpha on MgO Nanoparrticles as Drug Delivery in vivo studyAMEER SULTAN ASMA HADI MOHAMMED FATIN FADHEL MOHAMMED AL-KAZAZSHAIMAA HAMED JABER
Social Function of Land and Legal Protection for Communities in Accessing theRight for RoadLATANIA TRIRAMDHANI SIYED ABDUL RAHMAN BIN SIYED OSMAN AL ATTAS
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Prospecting SEHAT-Kader Project to Decrease Perceived Stigma andImprove Quality of Life People Living With HIVAIDS at Kudus DistrictCentral JavaERNAWATI ERNAWATI NURSALAM NURSALAM SHRIMARTI RUKMINI DEVYSITI AMINAH AHMAD FATHUROHMAN TRI HARTITI ARIEF YANTOMACHMUDAH MACHMUDAH
The functional state of the body of older men experiencing regular recreationalstressSYUZAVALISHINA VYUKARPOV MVEREMIN NGPRYANIKOVASYUTATAROVA
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Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on oral health related quality oflifeTHANISH AHAMEDS ARVINA RAJASEKAR
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Multi-Machine Learning Binary Classification Feature Selection and ComparisonTechnique for Predicting Death Events Related to Heart DiseaseRITU AGGRAWAL SAURABH PAL
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Vitamin B12 Deficiency in COVID-19 Recovered Patients Case ReportELHAM ALSHAMMARI
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Biochemical Markers Of Metabolic Disorders In The Blood Of Patients With JawFractures In The Post-Traumatic Period
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Domination in different graphsKMYTHILY SKALAIVANI PELUMALAI PTHARANIYA
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Coronavirus disease (covid-19) outbreak in india DANIEL FRANCIS SELVARAJ BALAKRISHNAN S MANOPAUL P
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Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Combined With Multivariate Calibration forAnalysing Caffeine Nicotinamide and Pyridoxine In Simulated EnergyDrinks MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO
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A Prospective study to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling in improvinginhaler device technique in COPD patients using MDI with spacer and MDIETHIRAJAN NANDAGOPAL M SUMITHRA N MEENAKSHI
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Redesign of the Legislative Function of the Regional Representative Councilof the Republic of Indonesia to Strengthen Regional AutonomyZULFAN RETNO SARASWATI SUKIRNO NABITATUS SArsquoADAH
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Gaps In The Publicrsquos Awareness And Protective Practices During PivotalTime Of COVID-19 Pandemic A Survey From IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA MAWARDI IHSAN
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Efficacy of Escitalopram versus Desvenlafaxine in Treatment of DepressionA Comparative Study from a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital DR SAIKIRAN PASUPULA DR MOUNICA YEDLAPALLI DR RAJESWARIPASUPULA DR SAKA MEGHANA DR SURESH KUMAR KOTA
Effect of seed priming with polyamines on Barley(Hordeum Vulgare L) WARQAA MUHAMMED SHARIFF AL-SHEIKH
Cinnamaldehydersquos Potential Inhibitory Effect towards Planktonic and Biofilm ofOral BacteriaDIYAH TRI UTAMI SYLVIA UTAMI TUNJUNG PRATIWI TETIANA HANIASTUTITRIANA HERTIANI
Antimicrobial Activity of Oleuropine and Thyme Extracts Against SelectedPathogenic Microorganisms and their Potential Uses as NaturalPreservativesYOUSEF SAHOURY HANI NASEEF MOHAMMAD FARRAJ MOAMMAL QURTLINA EL- KHAIRY
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Ocular Complications in Type 1 DiabetesANAHITA ZAKERI HABIB OJAGHI MANOUCHEHR IRANPARVAR ALAMDARIFIROUZ AMANI MONIR SHOAA TELMA ZAHIRIAN MOGHADAM
The Outcome of Partial Arthroplasty for Treatment of Type 1 IntertrochantericFractures in Iraqi Elderly PatientsRAAD JAWAD KADHIM
Laparoscopic and Open Burch Colposuspension For Stress Urinary IncontinenceAdvantages DisadvantagesAHMED ALI OBAID SHIREN ALI AL-HAMZAWI AHMED ABDUL AMEER ALWAN
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Study the Antibiotics Activity Against Escherichia Coli Isolated from UrineSamples of Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract InfectionEHSAN FHUSSEIN JABBAR AAMEEN SALAH HYASSEN
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Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Elderly Population in BasrahGovernorate A Retrospective StudyZAINAB ABDULKAREEM MAKTOOF OULA FOUAD HAMEED SHATHAKHHUSSAIN
Incisional Hernia Different Approaches The Defect Size Is the RefereeADIL SHAKER AL TAMIMI ISRAA ABDUL WAHED DHEEB
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An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)
SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
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Prevalence of class I occlusion in mixed dentitionNIVETHA G ARVIND S
Age and gender related distribution of patients undergoing maxillary thirdmolar extractionsSAM JOHN KOSHY MADHULAXMI M SIVAKUMAR M
Knowledge attitude and awareness of platelet rich fibrin among dentalstudents in chennaiABHISHEK NARAM MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW DEEPAK S
Evaluation of the awareness of gingival recession amongst patients whounderwent root coverage treatment - A retrospective studyVUNNAM SRI SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
Assessment of impacted third molars in patients with temporomandibulardisordersJAYA KEERTHANA S SREEDEVI DHARMAN MARAGATHAVALLIG
Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
Prevalence of Patients Seeking Aesthetic Treatment Options inOrthodontics - A Retrospective Study MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL M NAVEEN KUMAR
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Evaluation of Patients Reporting with Burning Sensation and Non-SpecificClinical Findings to Department of Oral MedicineABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
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Anemia as An Etiological Agent for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ARetrospective StudyMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARY MANJARI
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
Association Between Angles Class Ii Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease - ARetrospective StudyKARTHIGA DEVI GANGA MOORTHY JAIGANESH RAMAMURTHY PRADEEPDHASARATHAN
Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment of Dental Management of Mentally Challenged Patients Treatedin Special Care Dentistry in A Hospital Setting- Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Prevalence of White Spot Lesions in Patients Treated with Fixed OrthodonticAppliancesAMINA MEHRIN BANO SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Awareness And Knowledge About Pharmacotherapy Of Angular Cheilitis AmongUg Dental Students In Private Dental College ChennaiVINAYA SWETHAT DRDEEPIKA RAJENDRAN DRKIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
A Retrospective Study On Evaluation Of Patients With Recurrent AphthousStomatitisREVATHIB DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
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Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
passifloraceae in the treatment of neurasthenia HUYNH TAN HOI
Prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute st- elevation myocardialinfarctionDRATPARDESI DRDILIP PPATIL DRRAHUL PATIL DRMAKARAND BMANE
A study to determine angiographic findings in patients of acute coronarysyndrome at teaching HospitalDRMRSPATIL SHILPA DRMRSPATANGE APARNA DRMRSVASANT DEOKARDRMRSKAPALE RJ DRMRS PUJARI BHUPAL
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A study of microalbuminuria in newly detected hypertensive individuals in tertiarycare centreDRSSKULKARNI DRUTMANE DRPUJARI BHUPAL DRRAHUL SPATIL
Chemometrics-Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Paracetamol and Tramadol in Divided Powder DosageFormDINA CHRISTIN AYUNING PUTRI MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUSDIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds inWistar Albinos ratsFATIMA EL KAMARI HASSAN LAAROUSSI DRISS OUSAAID YASSINE EL ATKIAMAL TAROQ IMANE AOUAM BADIAA LYOUSSI ABDELFATTAH ABDELLAOUI
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a-Glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of butyrolactone I derivedfrom Aspergillus terreus and evaluation of its acute toxicity RIZNA TRIANA DEWI TENI ERNAWATI HANI MULYANI AKHMAD DARMAWANINDAH DWIATMI DEWIJANTI SOFNA BANJARNAHOR TRI YULIANI MARISSAANGELINA SOFA FAJRIAH ABDI WIRA SEPTAMA
HPMC Polymeric System Structural Contribution in Controlling Drug Release inSustained Drug Delivery SystemAJIT KULKARNI VIPUL DHASADE VIVEK INGALE AMIT KASABE ARCHANAYADAV SANTOSH FATTEPUR NAGARAJA SREEHARSHA EBHAVYA
Drug-Induced Acute PancreatitisANURAG LAVEKAR UMESH MARAPPA SWARALI TADWALKAR VIVEKCHAUDHARI
Comparative Study Of Amino Acids Profile Of Eel Fish (Anguilla Bicolor) In TheYellow Eel And Silver Eel Phase From Lake PosoJAMALUDDIN NURrsquoAENI AGUSTINUS WIDODO WA ODE SITTI MUSNINA
Physical Chemistry Characterization of Gelatin on Eel Fish Bone (Anguillamarmorata Q Gaimard) With Various Concentrations of Solvent Base andExtraction TimeJAMALUDDIN AKHMAD KHUMAIDI RAODHATUL JANNA YONELIAN YUYUNAGUSTINUS WIDODO PITRIANI
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The Rationale For Performing Hybrid Mediastinal Lymph Node DissectionBy Transhiatal Access For Thoracic Esophageal CancerDJAKHANGIR SABIROV BAKHTIYOR MADIYOROV ABDUGAFFAR RASULOVNIZOM ERMATOV ORZIGUL YUSUPOVA
Effect Of Dietary And Lifestyle Transitions On Functional Immune SystemSARAH MOHAMED R S UPENDRA SHRADDHA BIJALWAN VAISHNAVI BHAGWANBOPTE ABHINASH KUMAR GIRI
Title Updates on community pharmacistsrsquo involvement in tuberculosis program inIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity and DPPH radical scavenging Assay ofisolated compound from Etlingera rubroloba (Blume) AD Poulsen stemASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
2d-Qsar Study Of Synthesized Novel Derivatives Of 134-OxadiazolesSOMASHEKHAR M R B KOTNAL S R KARAJAGI
Molecular and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric determination ofFurosemide via complex formation with Chromium ionKHITAM JABER NABHAN ABBAS SHEBEEB HASAN AL-KADUMI JWAN ODAYABDULSATTAR
Direct and Indirect Cost of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia A PrevalenceBased Study with Human Capital ApproachSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds Oil of Agricultural Wastein MalaysiaSHAKINAZ DESA ASAAD ABBAS KHALAF SYARUL NATAQAIN BINTIBAHARUM MUSTAFA MUDHAFAR
Tribulus terrestris Linn Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced By Monosodium-Glutamate An In Vivo EvidenceGOMATHI SWAMINATHAN SRIKANTH JUPUDI SATHISH R ROSHAN NS
Clinical and experimental value of integrated lymphatic therapy in nonspecificulcerative colitisYULDOSHALI EGAMOV AKHTAM RUZIYEV SARVAR KHAIDAROV GULISHAYKHOVA ADILBEK RAJABOV NIZOM ERMATOV
Protective Effects of Antagonism of Interleukin-1 Receptors in 3-nitropropionicAcid Provoked Huntington Disease-Related SymptomsSURBHI GUPTA BHUPESH SHARMA
The Correlation between Serum Iron Level and Transferrin Saturation withReticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent (RET-He) in Routine HemodialysisMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDO LUBIS RIABANDIARA ABDUL HADI MARTAKUSUMAH RULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAHROESLI DEDI RACHMADI
Antileukotriene Drugs in The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in ChildrenMIRRAKHIMOVA MAKTUBA XABIBULLAYEVNA ABDULLAEVA DILOROMTELMANOVNA ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ GAYRATOVNA SAGDULLAYEVA MAFURAABDUKARIMOVNA ABDULLAYEVA MUXLISA MASRUROVNA
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effect on Quality of Life among AdolescentPopulation A Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia SIREEN A SHILBAYEH WEDYAN A ALHUSSAIN ALANOUD S ALHIBS NAJLA GALMALKI NOUF A ALMAJHAD SAMAR T NOURI SARAH M ALSALEH
Maximal Matching in Fractal Graphs and Its ApplicationPTHARANIYA GJAYALALITHA
Anticancer properties of hymecromone-derived compounds A reviewNOORA THAMER ABDULAZIZ YASSER FAKRI MUSTAFA
Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of new 15-Benzodiazepine derivatives contain Cyclic imides and Mannich basesMALATH KHALAF RASHEED DIANA ABDALKREEMAL-RIFAIE DHAMER ISMAELMADAB
Componential Description Of Medicated Foams A ReviewHAYDER HUSSEIN ALWAN HANAN JALAL KASSAB
Molecular Study Of The TG Gene Polymorphisms In Patients WithHashimotorsquos Thyroiditis Among Iraqis PopulationBASMAN A NADHIM ABBAS G HAMMED HAYDER O HASHIM NAZAR JMETIB
Comparative genetic study for some species of the family Poaceae using theRAPD molecular indicatorSALWAH HAMZA HUSSEIN AL-HASSNWY RUQAYA MANOON HASAN AL-NOMANI
Quercetin Isolated from Dried Ginkgo Biloba leaves with the PhytochemicalScreeningFARQAD M BAQER BASSAM A HASSAN FADIL MOHSEN HAMED
Therapeutic efficacy of protein compound extractionfromMetapenaeusaffinisagainst glucosamine sulphate-induced nephrotoxicity inmale ratsAMAL KABBAS
Evaluation of HER2-Neu status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situhybridization as a prognostic factor in gastric and gastro-esophageal cancerEAMAN SUUD KHALIFA AYSER HAMEED LATIF
Can IL1szlig and IL10 levels assessment in endometrial secretion predict pregnancyoutcome after ICSI A prospective studyTAIF EIMAD AHMED FADIA J AL-IZZI QAYS AHMED MAHDI
Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and its complexes with some metal ions and Their FluorescenceStudyINAM HASHIM IBRAHIM HASAN A HASAN
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Al-Anbar Governorate Western of IraqIBRAHIM NS AL-KAISSI SAAD M SHUKR MARWA A KUBBA
New Polymeric Coii Niii And Cdii Complexes With Tetrazole Schiff-Base LigandsSynthesis Spectral Characterisation And Biological ActivityRIYADH M AHMED BAIDAA K AL-RUBAYE NASRY J HUSSIEN ENAAM I YOUSIFHASAN A HASAN MOHAMAD J AL-JEBOORI
Evaluation of the Cytocompatibility of Novel Gingival Retraction Pastes based onBoswellia papyrifera
HIBA A SALMAN MANHAL A MAJEED EAMAN A AL-RUBAEE
Isolation and genotyping of local Toxoplasma gondii strains in infected chickenABDULRAZZAQ MOHAMMED HAMOOD ALI MOHAMMED ABED
Preparation and characterization of diazepam loaded nanomicelles for pediatricintravenous dose adjustmentMUHANNAD SALAH AL RADHI MOHAMMED SABAR AL-LAMI ENAS ABDULSAHIB
Baseline Widal Titre Amongst the Healthy Individuals from Western RuralMaharashtraIndia DR RAVINDRA V SHINDE ANJALI R SHINDE DR S T MOHITE DR SANDEEPB SHINDE DR S K PAWAR DR S R PATIL
IoT BASED CPAP MACHINEJPREMKUMAR TSUDHAKAR ABDULLAH S ABHIJIT GOSWAMI EKAVITHA
To the Problem of Fungal Pathology in the Hot Climate in Children and AdultsSHAIKHOVA GULI ERMATOV NIZOM ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ ABDULLAEVADILOROM YUSUPOVA ORZIGUL ALLAYEVA MUNIRA
Effect of Tender Coconut Water on Experimental Urolithiasis An In Vitro StudyGAYATRI S SOWNDARYA S KARTHIKEYAN G
Development and Optimization of Multiple-Unit Floating Drug Delivery System ofPregabalin Using Quality by Design (QbD) ApproachMONIKA KHARB YSTANWAR
Dissolution profile comparison of two marketed Favipiravir tabletsSANDEEP KHATALE CHAUDHARI NIKHIL SURESH ANAGHA UPASANINILAM BHUSARE
Development of a Tool to Assess the Safe and Quality Use of ImmunizationJUNY SEBASTIAN GURUMURTHY PARTHASARATHI MANDYAM DHATI RAVI
Effectiveness of Olive Oil Massage on Post Caesarean Pain and Quality of Sleepamong Primigravida MothersPRIYADARSINIA REVATHIPG
Assessment of the Quality of Life and the Level of Depression in Patients withChronic Kidney Disease on Programmed HemodialysisAKSNA M KARDANGUSHEVA LILIYA V ELGAROVA ZARINA A SHUGUSHEVAIRINA H ALMOVA SOFIAT KH SIZHAZHEVA
The Expression of Immunohistochemistry IL-10 And IL-18 On Helminth-InfectedMice Treated With The Extract Of Areca catechu LENDY JULI ANTO AZNAN LELO SYAFRUDDIN ILYAS MARLINE NAINGGOLAN
Evaluation of Basic Plants in The Bank of Healthy Potato Varieties in The NorthernRegion and The High Mountain ZoneOVES EV
An objective assessment of the importance of regions for beekeeping based onmelliferous resources and ambient temperatureVNKULAKOV AGMANNAPOV
Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosaceain Iraqi PatientsSAMER A DHAHER
Construction and Validation of Ayurveda Health Assessment Questionnaire(AHAQ) Based on Characteristics of Health (Arogya Linga) Mentioned by AcharyaKashyapa DR SAURABH AGRAWAL DRSHIVAKUMAR DRMBKAVITHA DRASHA KP
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Film Loaded with IbuprofenNanoparticlesVISHAL B RAWAL AFRASIM MOIN SUBHAM JAIN N AMIT B PATILMEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Orodispersible Tablets ContainsIbuprofen Loaded Microfiber for Better In-Vitro DissolutionSUBHAM JAIN N AFRASIM MOIN VISHAL B RAWAL AMIT B PATIL MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S DV GOWDA
Co-Amorphous Based Supersaturated Urea-Losartan Potassium TransdermalFormulation For HypertensionNANHI NANDINI AFRASIM MOIN ROHINI BHATTACHARYA MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISHBABU P NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Characterization and Formulation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System ofPiroxicamROHINI BHATTACHARYA AFRASIM MOIN NANHI NANDINI MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISH BABU P NITHIN KS D V GOWDA
Identifying gene clusters as signature biomarkers for predictingmethotrexate effectiveness and potential side effects during RheumatoidArthritis therapyANAS KHALEEL AFNAN MEQBEL ROWAN ALEJIELAT YAZAN SBATARSEH ABDALLAH A ELBAKKOUSH BAYAN Y GHANIM CRISTINA IBATARSEH NIDAL A QINNA
Recent Trends on Regulatory Aspects of Nanotechnology in IndianPharmaceutical MarketDAKA NAGARJUNA REDDY DR MAHAVEER SINGH DR BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVADR KONDA RAVI KUMAR
Toxicopathological And Biochemical Impacts Of 2378 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-
Dioxin ( TCDD ) On Liver Of Albino Male RatsANAS AHUMADI SAMER I SABEEH BUSHRA I AL-KAISEI ALI IBRAHIM ALI AL-EZZY
Characterisation Of Encapsulated Beta Vulgaris LinnDry Powder Extract InChitosanSANGGITA AYU IKASARI ANITA SUKMAWATI
The effect of giving wamerose juice for high blood pressure of patientshypertension in PalembangMUZAKAR LISTRIANAH PRATIWI BI AHMAD FUDHOLI
Antimalarial Properties of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subspHygroscopicus Secondary Metabolite Active Fractions In Silico and In VivoAnalysisLOEKI E FITRI AJENG M PUTRI NABILA E ERWAN FITRIA F PUTRI RIVO YB NUGRAHA TEGUH W SARDJONO KANA MARDHIYYAH DIO G ARIELICHA F D FARATISHA SUCIATI BACHTIAR R P IHSAN SRI WINARSIH
Identification of foodborne pathogens and antibacterial activity of ethanolicextract of Alangium salviifoliumMOUNICA SURA SREENATH KONANKI SREEYAPUREDDY ANITHA DS RAOJAYASIMHA RAYALU DADDAM
Analytical Method Validation and Determination of Genistein Daidzein andGlycitein in Soybean Milk by RP-HPLC MethodFLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO ABDUL ROHMAN SUWIDJIYOPRAMONO SUDIBYO MARTONO
Therapeutic effect of Valproic acid in conjunction with physical rehabilitation inthe treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type II TAMER EMAM ELNEGAMY HISHAM MEGAHED SAFY ELDIN M ABO ALI HANANH BATTESHA MARIAN M SHAFE
Assessment amp comparison of hepatoprotective potential of indigenoustherapeutic flora by using tetrachloromethane encouraged liver toxicity in Albino(Wister strain) rodent model GAURAV KUMAR SHARMA MEENAKSHI DHANAWAT RAHUL LODHA KAMALKUMAR GOYAL JAI KUMAR PARETA
Weapon Against Epilepsy Acorus Calamus Itrsquos PhytochemistryEthnopharmacology And Pharmacological ActionsVIKAS SHARMA CHANDANA MAJEE SHIVANI SAXENA RAJNISH KUMARSALAHUDDIN AVIJIT MAZUMDER
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of A compound Produced by AnEndophytic Fungus Isolated from The Leaves of Coleus amboinicus LourPUJI ASTUTI ROLLANDO ROLLANDO DWI KOKO PRATOKO SUBAGUSWAHYUONO ARIEF NURROCHMAD
Effects Antihiperglycemic of Sembung (Blumea balsamifera L) Leaf EthanolExtract on Blood Glucose and Pancreas Histopathology in Hyperglycemic MaleWistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus)SRI WAHJUNI NI WAYAN BOGORIANI HAFSIAH AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Successful treatment of acquired Severe Aplastic Anemia with AutologousCord Blood Transplantation case report and literature reviewGHOLAMREZA BAHOUSH ZAHRA SOHEILIRAD JAVAD BALASI
Quantification of Naproxen Sodium in biological sample by using UPLC-MSMSmethodSUMITHRA M AYSHA JADEERA K A YAMINI R VIJEY AANANDHI M
A Questionnaire Based Study To Assess The Awareness And KnowledgeAbout P Drug Concept And Rational Use Of Medicine Among Third YearMedical StudentsDRVIRENDRA KUSHWAHA DR POOJA AGRAWAL DR PUSHPENDRAPUSHKAR DR MANGESHKUMAR TRIPATHI DR SARITA SINGH
Safe Use of Ocular Nanosuspension GNANASAMPATH MADHAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Oxadiazoles Combined with theNucleus of BenzothiazoleVISHAL KUMAR SATISH KUMAR SHARMA RIZWAN AHMAD
Laparoscopic Two Stage FowlerndashStephens Orchiopexy For High IntraabdominalUndescended TestisDRMARYAM JABBAR GHAZI DRWASEEM AHMAD ELKATIB JASSIM ABDULHASSAN AL MAYALI ALAA JUMAAH MANJI NASRAWI
The effect of Antibacterial Drugs on the Formation Salmonella BiofilmsEKATERINA LENCHENKO VAN KHAI YURY VATNIKOV
Perception of Physicians and Nurses towards Clinical Pharmacy Services (CPSs)at oncology care setting A hospital based Observational SurveyMANJULA GUDHOOR MADIWALAYYA SHIVAKANTAYYA GANACHARI
A Prospective Study Of Drug Utilization Pattern Among Paediatrics And AnalysingWho Prescribing Indicators In A South Indian Government District HeadquartersHospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S THIRUPATHY KUMARESAN P KEERTHIYURENIKKA J ARUMUGAVIGNESH M PAUL MCGRATH R
Corn Fiber Gum as a Potential Platform for the Preparation of BioadhesiveFloating Tablets of DomperidoneBHUMIKA MANGLA ANUREKHA JAIN DEEPINDER SINGH MALIK
Antisecretory Effect of Centella Asiatica Leaves Ethanolic Extract againstPyloric Ligation Induced Gastric Ulcers on Rats DADANG IRFAN HUSORI POPI PATILAYA MARIANNE FERA HADELINA
Clinical and biochemical evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy forhereditary motor neuronal neuropathy in childrenBERDIBAEVA SAODAT ULUGBEKOVNA MADJIDOVA YAKUTKHONNABIEVNA
Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve Analysis Pregabalin Therapy in Patients with CentralPost-Stroke Neuropathic PainBANGUNAWATI RAHAJENG IWAN DWIPRAHASTO ZULLIES IKAWATI TRI MURTIANDAYANI
Cost of illness of hemodialysis in Indonesia A survey from eight hospitalsin IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI HARDIKAADITAMA
Potential of Endophytic Bacteria in Promote Germination of Local Aromatic RiceSeeds in Kamba Central Sulawesi IndonesiaSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDR ABDULRAHIM SALEH RATNAWATI RATNAWATI
Development and Evaluation of Ferulic Acid Loaded Chitosan Gel for WoundHealingFATHIMA SAFA PA SHONA SARA SHAJI NAVAMIMRAJAN NAMBIAR RAKHI RAJUPRATIK ANUPRIYA MAHESH
Sensory Evaluation of Nastar Cookies with Addition of Peanut (Arachis HypogaeaL) and Mung Bean Flour Substitution (Vigna Radiata L) as High Vegetable ProteinSnackPUTU CANDRIASIH WERRY ASLINDA FITRIYANI ADHYANTI BOHARI
Rutin trihydrate loaded liposomal gel formulation and characterizationDIVYANSHI SHARMA SUKIRTI UPADHYAY PRASHANT UPADHYAY
Evaluation of Incidence Causes and Management of Hypertension among aSample of Iraqi Young PeopleZAKARIYA AL-MASHHADANI AMANI ANEES ABODDY RUA ABBAS ALHAMDY ASEEL YASSIN ALJAWARI HADEEL YASSIN ALJAWARI
Euphorbia Milii Flower and Propolis (EMP) combination Tea PreventAtherosclerosis Through Decreasing MMP-8 And Total Cholesterol Level butnot VEGF-szlig in Rat with High Fat Diet (HFD)NI MADE LINAWATI I NYOMAN WANDE I WAYAN RAI WIDARTA INDIRAVIDIARI JUHANNA
The anti-migratory activity of a new curcumin analog CCA-11 against T47Dbreast cancer cellsFEBRI WULANDARI ROHMAD YUDI UTOMO DHANIA NOVITASARI MUTHIrsquoIKAWATI MITSUNORI KIRIHATA JUN-YA KATO EDY MEIYANTO
A comparative study to evaluate the pharmacotherapy of Type II Diabetes inpatients visiting tertiary care teaching hospital and private clinicKSHIRSAGAR VINAY KUMAR DR MAULIN MEHTA
Practice and opinion of pharmacists toward disposal of unused medicinesin IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA FIRDA RIDHAYANI MUFTI ALIFIA RAHMADANI NADYAPUTRI AULIYA SERAWAIDI ACHMAD WAHYUDI
Preliminary Phytochemical And Antioxidantactivity Of Leaf Extract Of MangiferaIndicaGAYATHRI RMENON DR R V GEETHA DR LAKSHMI THANGAVELU
Prevalence of Chickenpox under Ten Years during the Last Five Years in Hilla CityRASHA FADHEL OBAID RANA FADHIL OBAID MOHAMMED MALIH RADHI NADAKHAZAL KADHIM SHATHA KHAZAL KADHIM
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
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KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
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Cross-sectional study of the association between polycystic ovarysyndrome and uterine septum anomaliesADNAN AH ALBDAIRI MOHEND AN AL-SHALAH
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Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
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Metal Complexes of a Novel Schiff Base Based on Cephalexin depictionMolecular Modeling and Biological Efficacy StudyABDUL SALAM ABDUL KAREEM ABDUL RAHMAN REHAB KADHIM RAHEEMALSHEMARY
In Vitro Quantitative Assessment of Viability of Echinococcus granulosusProtoscoleces after Treatment with Ruta graveolens L Methanolic Extract YASEEN TAHA AL QAISI KHALED M KHLEIFAT SAWSAN ATALLAH ORAN
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
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Gene therapy by studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism(rs11886868 amp rs766432) at the BcL11A gene on the severity of beta-thalassemiadisease in the province of AL-NajafHANAN A ABLAA WISAM NAJI ATIYAH AL-MEHANA IBTIHAL KAREEM MAHDITHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN
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Development of Esomeprazole Mucoadhesive Timerx TabletsEBY GEORGE ANJALI K BIJU FATHIMA MEETHIAN LINTA BENNY SUVARNAVARGHESE
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Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
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Comparison Of Warm Water Compresses And Distractions To Reduction Of PainIn Reumatic PatientsSYAHRIR NURUL FUADY FITRYANIA
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Minangkabau matrilineal society perception of pregnant womens health servicesDEVI SYARIEF ANDI ZULKIFLI ABDULLAH SURIAH HEALTHY HIDAYANTYGUSLINDA ULFA SURYANI YOLA YOLANDA
Internet addiction and its relationship to academic achievement motivationtowards middle schoolAFKAR FADHIL KAREEM FARHANLAAIZ LUAY ABDULWAHID SHIHAB
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Analysis Contens of Natrium Benzoate and Sorbic AcidIn Beverage Snack Sold atSDN Karang Tengah Tangerang CityYUSNIDAR YUSUF MOH RAMDHAN NURHABIBAH
The Effect of Corn Hair Tea on Increasing Breast Milk Production in BreastfeedingMothers in the Work Area of the Community Health Center of Kota SelatanGorontalo CityNANCY OLII NURNANINGSIH ALI ABDUL IKA SUHERLIN PUSPITA SUKMAWATIRASYID
GC-MS profiling of white and pink flowers of Catharanthus roseus grown underharsh environmentPRAVEJ ALAM
Cyanidin 3-O-(6rsquo-Malonylglucoside) as an Inhibitor of Oestrogen Receptor Beta (ErBeta) - An Insilico ApproachANUSHAB JAYNTHY CHELLAM
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Some Aspects of Modeling in the Study of COVID-19 DataSYED KHALID MUSTAFA VYACHESLAV LYASHENKO NAMEER AHAMADMOHAMMAD REHAN AJMAL MAYAZ AHMAD
Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
Design and Evaluation of Solid Self-Emulsifying IBUPROFEN Pellets withCommercial Available IBUPROFEN TabletsKALAISELVI R CSAI KISHAN KOWSALYA N AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAHDVGOWDA
Relationship among Scrotal Size Body Weight and Feedstuffs of Bali Cattle BullProductivityABYADUL FITRIYAH MULYOTO PANGESTU SUPRIYONO ABDUL FATTAH
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Core-Shell Nanoparticle Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Hyaluronic Acid asAbsorbable Dressing Based Hydrogel Post-Gingivectomy A ReviewMARTINING SHOFFA PUSPITANINGRUM MOHAMMAD ALI MAKSUM DEVY PUTRIKUSUMAWARDHANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA
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ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
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DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
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EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
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3222021 Editorial Board
wwwijpronlinecomEditorialBoardaspx 22
Mohammed Usman
Dr U M Upadhyay Dr Umesh Patil Dr Biren N Shah birenpharmyahoocom
Dr N R Seth Dr S S Pancholi Mr Ravindra Reddy Yaramala
Dr K N Patel Dr G C Patel Dr M C Gohel
Dr A K Saluja Dr V V Jogani Dr C J Shishoo
Dr S K Jain Dr P J Shah Dr Prasanna Reddy Y B
Dr A K Seth Dr Maulik Panchal Dr Anurekha Jain
Dr T R Desai Mrs Kirti Patel Dr J R Chavda
Dr Rajesh Kasara Mrs Kalpana Patel Dr C N Patel
Dr Abhay Dharamsi Mr V D Prajapati Dr Angshu Banerjee angshubanerjeerediffmail com
Dr Sunil Jalalpure Dr Anil Jadhav Dr Veena K vkotabagigmail co
Dr Shailendra Lariya Dr B S Nayak Dr H P Dalvadi hpdalvadigmail com Associate Professor Rofel amp Shri G M BilakhiaCollege of Pharmacy
Dr J K Patel Dr K K Dholvani DR N G RAGHAVENDRARAO ngraghurediffmail com PROFESSOR AND DIRECTOR GRD [PG] Inst i tute ofManagement and Technology
Advisory Board (International)
Dr Parijat Kanaujia (Singapore) icesa-staredusg Agency for Science Technology andResearch (ASTAR) | AStar middot Inst i tute of Chemical and Engineering
Dr N Venkatesan (USA)
Dr Vikas Jaitely (UK)
Dr Parvaneh Rahimi-Moghaddam (Iran) rahimipiumsacir Associate Professor IRAN University of Medical Sciences(IUMS)
Dr Yogesh Katare (Canada)
Mr Nitesh G Sonani
Dr Ruchi Katare (Canada)
Mr Manish A Patel
Dr Vivek Mishra (Canada)
Dr A Omri (Sudbury Canada) aomrilaurentianca Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryLaurentian University Sudbury ONCanada Author ID 35492680500
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HomeHome About UsAbout Us Editorial BoardEditorial Board Instruction to AuthorsInstruction to Authors Current IssueCurrent Issue Article In PressArticle In Press Table Of ContentsTable Of Contents
MOUSOMI ROY PRITHVIRAJ KARAK
Lymphatic Targeted Drug Delivery Systems And Its Application To HIV TreatmentA ReviewJUNA BRIGIT CHACKO GRVIJAYA SANKARA
Modern Views On The Etiopathogenesis And Diagnosis Of Burn Sepsis(Literature Review) RAKHMATILLO FAKHMEDOV
An Overview of Coronavirus Disease (MERSamp SARS) COVID- 19 SHAKIR BASHA S SUSMITHA K JAGADEESH P SUSMEENA TABASSUM KJUNAID AH FAYAZ AHMMED S ZUBER R KHIFAYATHULLA S ASWINI G
Comparative assessment of nasotracheobronchial drainage and conservativebronchoscopic debridement in the treatment of patients with lung abscessescomplicated by bronchial fistulaBAKODIR BSAFOYEV AZIZ QKHASANOV NODIR RKARSHIYEV
An updated review based on literature -Traditional use Phyto- chemistry andPharmacology of Leea indica (Burmf) MerrLINGARKARSILPAVATHI MUKESH KUMAR DAS SOVAN PATTNAIK DEBAJYOTIDAS
Do generic medicines compromise qualityNADA ALSALEH ALAA ALSHARIF ELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Depression And Anxiety In Cardiovascular Diseases Emerging Role OfPsychotherapy RAJA D ELMUTAZ BELAH MOHAMMED MANJU ROSY JOSE LIZ MATHEWJAYAKUMAR C ANAND VIJAYAKUMAR P R
A Review on Dementia with Lewy Body (DLB) PR ANAND VIJAYA KUMAR VIGNESHWAR SUNDARARAJAN VISHAL CHILKURI
A Review On Nanoparticles Preparation And Their Applications In PharmacySAHIL HUSAIN SIDDIQUI DRSUSHMA VERMA
Flaxseed as A Choice in The Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ndash AReviewMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL
Assessment of incidence of post-operative infection among trauma patientswith tooth in the line of fractureJAYA KEERTHANA S SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLIG
Assessment of prevalence and gender distribution of spacing - aretrospective studyASHIK AHAMED A NIVETHIGAA B RAKSHAGAN V
Preference of different types of astringents used during impression makingin fixed dental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Incidence of maxillary impacted teeth among patients who underwent surgicalremoval of impacted tooth an institutional based retrospective studySOYA ALFRED XAVIER DRABDUL WAHAB DRMSIVAKUMAR
Alveoloplasty and oral rehabilitation - an institution based retrospectivestudyROGHITH KANNAN MADHULAXMI MARIMUTHU REVATHI DURAISAMY
Assessment of tooth mobility in systemically healthy patients with chronicperiodontitis - an institutional based retrospective studyRINIESHAH NAIR R BASKRAN BALAJI GANESH S
Assessment of oral hygiene among outpatients in a dental college- aretrospective analysisJAYA KEERTHANAS LLEELAVATHI MARAGATHAVALLIG
Association Between Temporomandibular Joint Pain And Periodontitis InPatients With Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Visiting A Private DentalInstitution- A Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV MANJARI CHAUDHARY UMA MAHESWARITN
Analysis Of Temporisation Procedures In Single Crown Fabrication - ARetrospective StudyRUSHABH KAMDAR NIVEDHITHA MS ARUN MURUGAIYAN
Microbial Degradation Of Plastic - A ReviewBATHALA ANANYA RV GEETHA LAKSHMINARAYANAN ARIVARASU
Awareness On Biowarfare Among General Public - A SurveyAMIRTHA VARSHINI RV GEETHA LAKSHMINARAYANAN ARIVARASU
Has Lockdown Led To The Restoration Of Nature - A ReviewJAI REXLINPE AKANJALI ANITHA ROY
Knowledge And Awareness About Synthetic Dietary Supplements AmongPublic - SurveyCPRATHIBA REICHAL RV GEETHA LAKSHMINARAYANAN ARIVARASU
Association Between Stress And Monosodium Glutamate On Consumption OfFast Foods Among South Indian Population-A SurveySRAGUL PRASATH KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ JOTHI PRIYA A
The Impact Of Dentistry On Recent Advances In The Management OfHypertension-A ReviewETHARINY MP BRUNDHA
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Effects Of Kabasura Water Against N-Cov - A ReviewSKAMALA DEVI SMILINE GIRIJA AS
Preventive Measures To Stop N-Cov Transmission - A ReviewSBALAMITHRA SMILINE GIRIJA AS
Bioactive Roles Of Ginger And Its Effects Against Food Borne Pathogens - AReviewNANCY SELVAMARYV SMILINE GIRIJAAS
Dentin Desensitising AgentsASHWINIK VINAY SIVASWAMY
New Concepts Of Antigenic Shift And Antigenic Drift In Influenza And Corona - AReview Of LiteratureVMKAYAL DR MP BRUNDHA DRVINAY SIVASWAMY
Diagnostic Algorithm Of Covid 19 Screening And Testing - A ReviewSPADMAJA DRMPBRUNDHA
Crown Removal Methods In Dentistry - A Literature ReviewPAVASISHTA VINAY SIVASWAMY
Role Of Government During A Quarantine - A ReviewAATHIRACM LAKSHMINARAYANAN ARIVARASU
Luting Agents In Dentistry- A ReviewTHEIVA CHANDRANR JAYALAKSHMI SOMASUNDARAM ANJANEYULU K
Indian Spices And Immunity mdashA ReviewVSRI SRESHTAA JAYALAKSHMI SOMASUNDARAM ANJANEYULU K
Antibiotic Use And Antimicrobial Resistance - A ReviewPGSUSHMA DRVENKATESH DRL KEERTHI SASANKA SKAVITHA
Moringa oleifera as a Herbal Treatment for Oral Cancer A Systematic ReviewHARUN ACHMAD ARNI IRAWATY DJAIS YUNITA FEBY RAMADHANY ELENA GPETRENKO ALEXANDER MARKOV BAYU INDRA SUKMANA
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles to Design the Bio-Composite Films AReviewMUHAMMAD LUTHFAN EDY SUBROTO
Role of Oxidative Stress in phathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases AComprehensive Review NIRAJ KUMAR SINGH YASH KUMAR SINGH
Ras Ratna Pradip- A Book ReviewDR SANKALP SHARMA DR AMIT UPASANI DR KRISHNA RATHOD DR VMSREEKANTH
Cytokine Storm A Substantial Peril to Human HealthJEETENDRA KUMAR GUPTA
Proteus Mirabilis Virulence Factors ReviewTHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN KASIM KADHIM ALASEDI AHMEDABDULJABBAR JALOOB ALJANABY
The Using of Ethanol and Isopropyl Alcohol as a disinfectant Review THUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN HUSSEIN ALI KADHUM KASIM KADHIMALASEDI
Gender Features of Neurological Manifestations in Ischemic StrokeASADULLAYEV MAKSUD MAKHMUDOVICH RAKHIMBAEVA GULNARASATTAROVNA VAKHABOVA NARGIZA MAKSUDOVNA ASADULLAYEVHAMIDHON MAKSUDOVICH MIRZAAKHMEDOV FARRUKH MIRADILOVICHSAIDNOSIROV OYBEK QOBILOVICH
Ozone therapy- an emerging boon in periodontal managementDR JANANI M DR JAIDEEP MAHENDRA
A Review on Selected Herbs as Skin Care CosmeticsJOTHI PRAKASH K DRJAWAHARN DRSENTHILV HARIHARANR
Mental Health Disorders in Marital Relationship A Review of Sudha MurtyrsquosFictional CharactersPREMA S DR ARUNA ARPUTHAMALAR
Niosomes A Targeted Drug Delivery System OverviewSHUMAILA KHAN DR SUSHMA VERMA
Review on Ionic Liquids Green Solvent for Extraction of Herbal Active Ingredientsfrom Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsSANDEEP B MUNDHE SUYOGKUMAR V TARALKAR PRAKASH G JADHAVSANJAY B DETHE
Superbugs in EndodonticsMMANOJBDS RASHWIN KVIJAY VENKATESH MDS
Evans syndrome after Allogenic Peripheral Hematopoietic Stem Celltransplantation in a child with Severe Acquired Aplastic Anemia case report andliterature reviewGHOLAMREZA BAHOUSH FATEMEH AFRASHTEH
An Epitome On Contemporary Transdermal Drug Delivery System [Tdds]TechnologyKALKIS DRG NK GANESH MANISHAP
An Overview on Nasal Drug Delivery SystemPRAVINC DRGNKGANESH CHOUTHRID
Trefoil Factors and the Periodontium Unravelling the SecretsDR SRUTHI SRINIVASAN DR JAIDEEP MAHENDRA DR K ANILKUMAR DRLITTLE MAHENDRA
A Review On Herbal Cosmetic Cream For Chickenpox Blisters And ScarsMANISHAP DRJAWAHAR N DRSENTHIL V
An Overall Review of Quality by Design ApproachKALAIVANAN MITHRA CHANDRASEKARAN ARUN RADHAKRISHNAN
Disaster Management- An Comprehensive ReviewRVGEETHA T LAKSHMI
Pharmacological studies of Celastrus paniculatus -A ReviewSHALU ATTAR RAHUL KUMAR SHARMA
A review of classification algorithms in machine learning for medical IOT R PRABHA BALAKRISHNAN S S DEIVANAYAGI VKG KALAISELVI DPUSHGARA RANI ASWIN G
Pharmaceutical applications of genus sargassum in algae a reviewMANJUNATH K K MRUTHUNJAYA HARIPRIYA G
Overview of Adherence and Influencing Factors to Capecitabine In CancerPatients Systematic ReviewATIKA WAHYU PUSPITASARI SUSI ARI KRISTINA SATIBI YAYI SURYOPRABANDARI
Production and Characterization of IsoflavonesRAHILA YAKOOB BVPRADEEP
The efficacy of zinc supplementation in postpartum depression A review ofstudies on pregnancy and post-delivery careELHAM ALSHAMMARI
An Overview of Cocoa Butter Novel Excipients for Oral TabletsPEARLY CHIA ZHI QING ASHOK KUMAR JANAKIRAMAN SHIEK ABDULKADHAR MOHAMED EBRAHIM HABIBUR RAHMAN LIEW KAI BIN
Factors associated with stroke in Thai young adults an integrative reviewVACHIRA POSAI WANICH SUKSATAN
A Review Activity Study of Itchy Leaves (Laportea decumana Roxb Wadd) as aMedicinal PlantLUKMAN LA BASY HASYRUL HAMZAH ASRIULLAH JABBAR
Chrono-therapeutics Recent advances and developmentSJAWED SATISH CS
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A Review DEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
Trefoil factors and the Periodontium Unravelling the SecretsDR SRUTHI SRINIVASAN DRJAIDEEP MAHENDRA DRKANILKUMAR DRLITTLEMAHENDRA
A Review on Prominent Biomaterials Employed in the Management of DiabeticWoundsSURAJ S PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
Yogachintamani ndash A Book ReviewPATEL RAJAT V M SREEKANTH UPASANI AMIT RATHOD KRISHNA
Repurposing of Drugs Progress development approaches and challengesRASANPREET KAUR AKSHATA MANDLOI SUDARSHAN SINGH LAKHAWAT DESHDEEPAK SINGH SUNIL KUMAR VIKRAM KUMAR
Extraction Methods of Amomum compactum A ReviewTYAGITA HARTADY ROOSTITA LOBO BALIA MAS RIZKY ANGGUN ADIPURNASYAMSUNARNO SABRI JASNI BAMBANG PONTJO PRIOSOERYANTO
An Insight of Emerging Role of Nanotechnology for the Management of AthletersquosFootKARTHICK AISHWARYA REDDY RAMAN SURESHKUMAR
Updates on Synthesis and Biological Activities of Quinoline Derivatives A ReviewSHIVALI MISHRA SALAHUDDIN RAJNISH KUMAR AVIJIT MAJUMDER AJAYKUMAR CHANCHAL SINGH DEVLEENA TIGLANI
Analysis of the study of motivational perceptions in patients with diabetesand hypertension for successful self-managementSENTHILKUMAR V MAHESHKUMAR VP SENTHILKUMAR SK
Aerosols in Dentistry ndash Microbes Disease Transmission and Infection ControlConcepts RevisitedSHONALI VIJAYARAJ GEETHA ARI SATHISH RAJENDRAN JAIDEEP MAHENDRALAKSHMI PRIYAK AMBALAVANAN NAMASIVAYAM
Critical Review of Nidan Nidan Parivarjan and its Significance in TreatmentDRAPARNA BAGUL VDARUN VAIDYA DRVAIDEHI RAOLE
Risk of Parabens in Human UseKARTHIKEYAN L V JERO VICTOR WILSON SHUBHAM KUMAR PARIDA BIKASHCHANDRA NATH DRMRJEYAPRAKASH
Core-Shell Nanoparticles Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and ChitosanHyaluronic-Acidas a Socket Preservation for Dental ImplantMARTINING SHOFFA PUSPITANINGRUM RIFQAH ANANDA MAPPANANRANGALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA
Clinical Trial Regulations of Personalized MedicineTEENA SHERIN M ARUN RADHAKRISHNAN
A Detailed Review on Drug Delivery Technologies for the Management of BrainTumourARUN K ARUN RADHAKRISHAN
Judicial Review in Indonesia State SystemsMONICA PUSPA DEWI SUGANDA PUTRI FXADJI SAMEKTO YUSRIYADIPARAMITA PRANANINGTYAS
The first psychological management intervention towards community resiliencefacing covid-19 infectionDIAH PRIYANTINI NURSALAM NURSALAM TINTIN SUKARTINI
Behavioral analysis of customer through customer review and profile using chi-square method DRSARVJEET KAUR
Covid-19 vaccine candidates under clinical evaluation - a review DINESH KUMAR LAKSHMI NARAYANAN SAMINATHAN KAYAROHANAMSHIVKANYA FULORIA NEERAJ KUMAR FULORIA ASHOK KUMARJANAKIRAMAN SINOUVASSANE DJEARAMANE YUAN SENG WUSRIKUMAR CHAKRAVARTHI VETRISELVAN SUBRAMANIYAN
Synthetic Approaches and Biological Activities of Quinoline Derivatives A ReviewDEVLEENA TIGLANI SALAHUDDIN SALAHUDDIN AVIJIT MAZUMDER RAJNISHKUMAR SHIVALI MISHRA
Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of Sciatic Nerve a CasePresentation and Literature ReviewREZA TAVAKOLI DARESTANI FARZAD AMOUZADEH OMRANI MOHAMADMAHDIOMIDIAN HAMED HAKIMI ASIABAR MOHAMMAD AMIN SHAHRBAF HASSANBARATI
Mental Health The Matter of Serious Concern- A ReviewMAHESH SIRASANGI SEEMA MEHDI K L KRISHNA SAHYADRI M NIRMA
Factors Affecting Chronik Kidney Disease Costs Systematic ReviewENDANG SUNARIYANTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI DWI ENDARTI DIAH AYUPUSPANDARI
Ganoderma Lucidum (Curtis) P Karst An Updated OverviewPARAMAKRISHNAN N HARIPRIYA G JEEVA GEORGE POORANI S PRAVEEN RRAHUL S VARSHA P
A Systematic Review on Technical Aspects in the Development of Dry PowderInhalers (DPI)PRIYANKA SATISH GONDHALE DR BINOY VARGHESE CHERIYAN
The Doomed Journey Of Covid-19 ndash Diagnosis Pathological Genomic AndTreatment ProfilingRAMANPREET WALIA SHIKHA SAXENA SHRIYANI ROY
TitlePreprosthetic Surgeries and its Protocol for Complete Dentures A ReviewHANAN GHAZI SHANAB FARHEENA USTAD GHUFRAN IBRAHIM ABDULRAHMANALAYFAN SHAEESTAKHALEELAHMEDBHAVIKATTIABDULRHMANMOHAMMEDYALYOUSEF ABDULRAHMAN YOUSUFABDULRAHMAN ALSHEBEL
Revealing the lactogenic anti-obesity and antidiabetic activity of CyperusrotundusSARITHAR SUSEEM SR
Neonatal risk factors for cerebral palsy BABHINANDH KRIPA LALVI ROSHNI P R
Phytoextraction Study of Cadmium and Lead Using Different Plants in PollutedSoils A ReviewALI HUSSEIN HANO MOHANAD LUAY JAWHER SHAHLAA HUSSEIN HANO
R E S E A R C H
A new curcumin analog CCA-11 induces cell cycle arrest and senescencetoward ER-positive breast cancer cellsDHANIA NOVITASARI FEBRI WULANDARI RIRIS ISTIGHFARI JENIEROHMAD YUDI UTOMO JUN-YA KATO EDY MEIYANTO
Pharmaceutical Analysis of Drakshadi Syrup - A Polyherbal Ayurvedic HematinicABOLI PATIL RAJANISH METI SWAPNIL CR
Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for theDetermination of Ivacaftor in Bulk and its Pharmaceutical FormulationTANUJA S GANAPATY VARANASI S N MURTHY
COVID-19 Knowledge and Perception Among HealthCare Professionals inTwo Arabian Gulf CountriesNADA AALSALEH ELHAM ALSHAMMARI ALAA ALSHARIF MESHARIALHAMED ABDULMOHSEN ALSALEH ABEER ALSMARI ANFALALSHAMMARI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
Study of BMI Glucose Level and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes MellitusMOUSOMI ROY ARINDOM BANERJEE SATYANARAYANA P RAJKUMARMAITI PRITHVIRAJ KARAK FATIK BARAN MANDAL
Sensitive and Developed Normal-FIA Methods for The SpectrophotometricDetermination of Diosmin In Pharmaceutical Formulations UsingDiazotization Coupling Reactions
MAYASA MOHAMMED SADEEM SUBHI ABED
Formulation Development and Optimization of Extended Release Pellets ofDexketoprofen TrometamolBHUPENDRA GPRAJAPATI ALPESH PATEL
A Cross Sectional Study on Stress Among Medical Students of Kolhapur City ofMaharashtra Study on stress among medical studentsDRJEEVANKUMAR UYADAV DRDEEPMALA JYADAV
Nanocatalytic Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated Using CamelliaSinensis (Linn) Tender Leaf Extract and Their CharacterizationKRISHNAKUMAR S BETHANNEY JANNEY J SINDU DIVAKARAN LUMENCHRISTY V PRAKASH WILLIAMS G
Calcium Hydroxide Upregulates Interleukin-10 Expression in TimeDependent Exposure and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation of HumanUmbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells ERIC PRIYO PRASETYO MEFINA KUNTJORO FEBRIASTUTI CAHYANISETYABUDI GOENHARTO WIDYA SARASWATI DEVI EKA JUNIARTI NIKEHENDRIJANTINI NINUK HARIYANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA FEDIKABDUL RANTAM
Study of School Entomology Factors on The Impact of Behavioral Changes(Combi) Of the Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in ElementarySchool ChildrenASRIWATI AMIRAH ISMAIL EFENDY ARIFAH DEVI FITRIANI ENDANG
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Cefotaxime DerivativesWASFI AL-MASOUDI RITA S ADAM SAMAR S GHAZI
Authentication Analysis of Snakehead Fish Oil Using Combination of FTIRSpectra and ChemometricsFELLA SYIFA IRNAWATI ALDI BUDI RIYANTA ABDUL ROHMAN
Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus Among Rural Population in IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA FARRAS AMSI SALSABILA SUCI HANIFAH
Evaluation of Different Prepared Binary Systems for DifferentPharmaceutical ApplicationsOMAR YMADY AHMED ADONIA ESMAT ZEIN EL-DEEN SOAAD AHMED
Anti-Inflammatory And Toxicity Studies Of Substituted HydrazinePyrazolone DerivativesSINDHU E ROOPA P NAYAK PREMA SALDANHA DARSHAN RAJ C GSHASHIDHARA KS
Qualitative Analysis and In-Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of Cleome GynandraStemANANDARAJAGOPAL KALUSALINGAM NASYIKA SAMSUDIN ABDULLAH KHANKRUPAVARAM BETHALLA VIJAY KOTRA KAI BIN LIEW MEI JUN LOY SIEW MEIYEE
Adenine Used as Agent Induced of Chronic Kidney Disease Accompanied Anemiafor Rats and rHuEPO-alpha on MgO Nanoparrticles as Drug Delivery in vivo studyAMEER SULTAN ASMA HADI MOHAMMED FATIN FADHEL MOHAMMED AL-KAZAZSHAIMAA HAMED JABER
Social Function of Land and Legal Protection for Communities in Accessing theRight for RoadLATANIA TRIRAMDHANI SIYED ABDUL RAHMAN BIN SIYED OSMAN AL ATTAS
Recontextualizing The Patriarchal Dominance Of Manggarai Heritage CustomaryLaw System By Democratic And Gendered OrientationADRIANUS NGGORO FX ADJI SAMEKTO SUKIRNO
Management of Adverse Effect from Antiretroviral Drugs at HIVAIDSErnaldy Bahar Hospital at South Sumatra IndonesiaLILIK WAHIDAH MASHURI YUSUF AND DIAN ARDIANSYAH
Functional Features of The Cardiovascular System in Athletes with MinorHeart AnomaliesIN MEDVEDEV MA CHICHKOVA MVEREMIN AA SVETLICHKINA AVDORONTSEV NG PRYANIKOVA
Judicial Policy for The Covid-19 Pandemic in Comparative LegalPerspectiveMZMNOMANI ZAFAR HUSSAIN RENU DHAWAN
Applications of Micro-Computed Tomography in DentistrySABIRAM PRASAANTHBDS TRIPURAVARAM VINAY KUMAR REDDY MDSSURESH MITTHRA K VIJAY VENKATESH MDS
Synthesis of Prodrugs of Metronidazole to Mask the Bitterness OMAR ABDULRAHMAN ALSHEIKHLY DANA AMEEN
Prospecting SEHAT-Kader Project to Decrease Perceived Stigma andImprove Quality of Life People Living With HIVAIDS at Kudus DistrictCentral JavaERNAWATI ERNAWATI NURSALAM NURSALAM SHRIMARTI RUKMINI DEVYSITI AMINAH AHMAD FATHUROHMAN TRI HARTITI ARIEF YANTOMACHMUDAH MACHMUDAH
The functional state of the body of older men experiencing regular recreationalstressSYUZAVALISHINA VYUKARPOV MVEREMIN NGPRYANIKOVASYUTATAROVA
Development Of Immune Structures Of The Leaning Intestine Of Rabbits InEarly Postnatal OntogenesisFIRDAVS ORIPOV SOPHIA BLINOVA TASHPULAT DEKHKANOV SALIMDAVLATOV
Verification of Radiation Methods in Diagnostics of Injuries of The KneeJoint Intra-Articular StructuresMARAT KHODZHIBEKOV OBID KHAMIDOV GULSHAT MARDIEVA
Antioxidant Activity and Acute Toxicity of New N4 -Substituted5-(124-Triazole-1-Ylmethyl)-124- Triazole-3-Thiones And S - DerivativesSSZYKOVA GVTSAPLIN VSTALISMANOV IPBULATOV SVPOPKOVGKARMA
Antimicrobial activity of quercetin from Majapahit (Crescentia cujete L) fruitextracts an in silico studySRI RAHMANINGSIH HERNIK PUJIASTUTIK
Novel 5-(4-bromophenyl)-13-oxazole derivatives Synthesis CharacterizationDocking and Evaluation of in vitro Anticancer ActivityPRADEEP GOLANI SUNIL KUMAR SHAH CKTYAGI
Synthesis and structural characterization of ZnTiO3 nanoparticles viamodification sol-gel prosses for assessment of their antimicrobial activityAHMED RHEIMA NIBRAS ABDUL-AMEER ABOUD BASMA ESAM JASIMAHMAD HISMAIL ZAINAB SABRI ABBAS
Efficiency of Ficus carica Latex in therapy of Leishmania tropica In PatientsDRSHAIMAA ASHLASH MSCNOOR ANEAMA DREMAN THABIT NADHAIFALFATLAWY
A clinical study to evaluate the effect of Ardhamatrik Niruha Basti amp BalaTaila Sneha Basti in the management of Vatarakta wsr to GoutMAITREE PATEL LAL RAVI SAHU PARAPPAGOUDRA M RAVI PANDYA
Efficcacy of Tagetes erecta Linn leaf extract cream on rat dermal wound healing MAURITIUS LAMBERTUS EDY PARWANTO DAVID TJAHYADI HOSEA JAYA EDY
Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on oral health related quality oflifeTHANISH AHAMEDS ARVINA RAJASEKAR
Women Decision for the Post COVID 19 Era An Action to call from Delhi-NCR IndiaDRNITIN GIRDHARWAL DR MRINAL VERMA
Evaluation of the effect of 1 Metformin Gel coating on theosseointegration achieved around dental implants using bone mineraldensity and radiofrequency analysis- A clinical and three-dimensionalradiographic studyHIMANI SHARMA ANAMIKA SHARMA SWATI GUPTA APOORVA MOWARCHANDAN KUSUM
Biosimulation studies-based optimization of fungal derived LovastatinRSUPENDRA SANTHARAM S KATTA
The Effect of Mindfulness-based Eating Exercise with Social CognitiveTheory (SCT) Approach to Self-Efficacy and Dietary Adherence of DiabetesMellitus Type 2SYLVI HARMIARDILLAH KUSNANTO ILYA KRISNANA I KETUT ANDIKAPRIASTANA
Production of antimicrobial compound from a novel keratinolytic bacteria Bacillustequilensis MBR 25 for the control of foodborne pathogensBETHALA RAMYA PANDU BRAHMAJI RAO
Multi-Machine Learning Binary Classification Feature Selection and ComparisonTechnique for Predicting Death Events Related to Heart DiseaseRITU AGGRAWAL SAURABH PAL
The relation between maxillary buccal canine impaction and dentalanomalies - A retrospective studyREEM ARAFEEQ SARA M AL-MASHHADANY HIBA M HUSSEIN RESHA JAL-SUDANI MAISAA Q MUHAMED ALI
Evaluation of mean platelet volume before and after iron deficiency anemiatreatmentSAFA AFARAJ ALAA M AL-RUBAE AHMED I ANSAF
Vitamin B12 Deficiency in COVID-19 Recovered Patients Case ReportELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Magnesium supplementation for premenstrual syndrome and premenstrualdysphoric disorderELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Management Of Drug Logistics At Pharmacy Installation Dr WahidinSudirohusodo Makassar Hospital GEMY NASTITY HANDAYANY FATHURRAHMI
Immunocorrection of patients with polytrauma depending on the facial regioninjury IBRAGIMOV DAVRON DASTAMOVICH BOYMURADOV SHUKHRATABDUJALILOVICH GOFFAROV USMON BOBONAZAROVICH BOBAMURATOVADILNOZA TURDIKULOVNA ISMATOV FARRUKH ISMATOV NAVRUZ
Biochemical Markers Of Metabolic Disorders In The Blood Of Patients With JawFractures In The Post-Traumatic Period
BOBAMURATOVA DILNOZA TURDIKULOVNA BOYMURADOV SHUKHRATABDUJALILOVICH ANSHUL JRAI YUSUPOV SHOKHRUKH SHUXRATOVICHNARMUROTOV BAKHTIYAR QARSHIYEVICH IBRAGIMOV DAVRONDASTAMOVICH ABDURAKHMONOV FARKHOD RAKHMONOVICH
Alternative solution for konigsberg bridge problem through the concept ofmatchingRSAMPATH KSRINIVASAN PTHARANIYA PELUMALAI
Domination in different graphsKMYTHILY SKALAIVANI PELUMALAI PTHARANIYA
Forensic medical assessment of injuries in pedestrian children in fatalautomobile injury INDIAMINOV SAYIT INDIAMINOVICH SHOYIMOV SHUKRILLOUMURZOKOVICH
The peculiarities of permanent teething in children living in Tashkent city ROZA KAMILOVA JAVLON KAMILOV
Evaluation of Piperine from leaves of Piper longum Linn MANISHA MOHAPATRA UDAY C BASAK
Assessments of HBV in patients with chronic kidney illness ALAA HAMZA JABER AL-JELEHAWY SAIF JABBAR YASIR AHMED KIFAH ABEDAL-WAELI ALI RADIH ABULAMEER SHER ALI
Socio-economic analysis of broiler livestock business in West Lombok districtIndonesiaMUHAMMAD YASIN
Inhibitory and eradication activities of 1-monolaurin as anti-biofilm onmonospecies and polymicrobial of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candidatropicalis CHAERUL FADLY MOCHTAR ETI NURWENING SHOLIKHAH DWI ARIS AGUNGNUGRAHANINGSIH TITIK NURYASTUTI FEBRI ODEL NITBANI JUMINA
Supplementation of Feed Additives on Aquaculture Feeds A Review SANAA ABDULAZIZ MUSTAFA JAMAL KHALAF AL-FARAGI
Coronavirus disease (covid-19) outbreak in india DANIEL FRANCIS SELVARAJ BALAKRISHNAN S MANOPAUL P
Analysis of egg consumption in palu and sigi district communitiesKETUT SUARAYASA JULIUS SUGIHARTO SAIRAMA SARAGIH VITA ARISTYANITABERTIN AYU WANDIRA
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Combined With Multivariate Calibration forAnalysing Caffeine Nicotinamide and Pyridoxine In Simulated EnergyDrinks MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Online and conventional learning as viewed by students from pharmacy ELHAM ALSHAMMARI EMAN ALOTAIBI
New facile technique for estimation of piroxicam in bulk drugKAMAL SHAH GAURAV KRISHNA JEETENDRA KUMAR GUPTA
Oral Health Condition and Physical Activity of Children in COVID-19Pandemic NANDA RACHMAD PUTRA GOFUR AISYAH RACHMADANI PUTRI GOFURSOESILANINGTYAS RIZKI NUR RACHMAN PUTRA GOFUR MEGA KAHDINAHERNALIA MARTIDAL PUTRI
Physiological mechanisms for maintaining health in ontogenesisINMEDVEDEV DMPRAVDOV OAKOZLYATNIKOV NMLAPINASVPERSHIKOV VISHARAGIN
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Paclitaxel byHydrotropy Technique SYEDA SHABANA SULTANA DRKAPPANNA CHOWDARY DRSUMER SINGH
Implementation of code stroke protocol in acute ischemic stroke at ahospital in Aceh Indonesia SYAHRUL SYAHRUL ENDANG MUTIAWATI IMRAN IMRAN SUHERMANSUHERMAN NOVA DIAN LESTARI FARIDA FARIDA NURUL FAJRI NURULHUDA
Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria In Phthisio-Pulmonological Practice In TheRepublic Of Uzbekistan NARGIZA PARPIEVA SANJAR SULTANOV MUHABBAT DZHURABAEVAEKATERINA ANVAROVA BABAMATOVA KHILOLA MUKHAMEDOV KOZIM
Simple New Colorimetric Method Development for the Estimation of FlupirtineMaleate in Bulk and in Pharmaceutical dosage Form PVDUSE KGBAHETI
Collaboration Between Interprofessional Healthcare and Patients to ImproveQuality of Life Type 2 Diabetes via Smartphone Application LUSY NOVIANI AJENG DIANTINI ANAS SUBARNAS
The impact of exogenous and endogenous factors on the stomach wall macro-microscopic anatomy of newborn white ratsSHUKHRAT JTESHAYEV DILSHOD KKHUDOYBERDIYEV SALIM SDAVLATOV
Morphometric characteristics of parts of rat kidney nephron in normal andunder the influence of an antiseptician - facility 2 road stimulator on thebackground of chronic radiating disease
JURAT JBAKHRONOV SHUKHRAT JTESHAEV MUSHARRAF SSHODIEVA
Clinical Course Of Purulent Soft Tissue Diseases On The Background OfDiabetes Mellitus And Diffusive Toxic GoiterBAKODIR BSAFOYEV OBIDMKURBANOV MALOHAT SSHAROPOVA
Evaluating Glycemic Response to Lidocaine with Two DifferentVasoconstrictors in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Tooth ExtractionCrossover Randomized Clinical StudyFERAS SULAIMAN NURALDEEN MAHER AL-KHANATI BASSEL BRAD RUBAJUMAA
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Assessment of Erythropoietin Levels and Correlation with Cytokines inPatients with Chronic Heart Failure GADAEV AG TURAKULOVRI QURBONOV AK SABIROV MASAYFULLAYEV MB GADAEVA NA
Nano Sponges for The Enhancement of Topical Sustained Delivery ofTerbinafine HClVISHAL B RAWAL PREETHI S ANANYA K V AMIT B PATIL DV GOWDA
A Novel Validated Gradient Hplc Method For Analysing Axitinib And Their ProcessRelated Impurities By Pda DetectionSHYAMALA DASHOK PSHYAM
Impact of drug information services on patient safety at East Jeddah Hospital inSaudi Arabia a retrospective studyAYED AALKATHEERI YOUSEF MALJOHANI AHMAD AALSHAMRANI MANE ALSALIM NARDEEN BAKHEET AKRAM AALSALMI YAHYA AALZAHRANI
A QbD based study in development optimization and forced degradationbehaviour of Epinastine Hydrochloride in Metered dose inhaler by RP-HPLC BIKASH RANJANJENA SIVA PRASAD PANDA UMASANKAR KULANDAIVELURAJASEKHAR REDDY ALAVALA GSNKOTESWARA RAO SURYAKANTA SWAINDEBASHISHGHOSE DEBI PRASAD PRADHAN
Medical and social problems of the development of congenitalmalformations during a pandemicDILNOZA SHKUDRATOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIMSDAVLATOV
Pathomorphological characteristics of the vaginal mucosa in experimentalnotspecific vaginitis and various methods of treatmentFERUZA SHORIPOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIM SDAVLATOV
Legislation Procedures of Forming Regional Regulations and Its Implication onthe Politics of Law in IndonesiaLITA TYESTA ALW AMALIA DIAMANTINA
Effect of Passive Smoking on Low Birth Weight (Lbw) Incidence inIndonesia Analysis of Riskesdas Data In 2018 WULAN SARI RASNA GIRI SEMBIRING BESRAL MILLA HERDAYATI
Study The Antibacterial Activity Of Uwi Sap (Dioscorea AlataL) Extracts FromIndonesia In Damaging Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Cells ANURFITRIANI META MAHENDRADATTA AMRAN LAGA ZAINAL
Prevalence of Depression and Its Determinant Among Diabetic Patients ASystematic Review from Southeast Asia CountriesNOVITA DHEWI IKAKUSUMAWATI SUSI ARI KRISTINA ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Isolation and Characterization of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and ProducingIAA (Indole Acetic Acid) From Rice Rhizosphere from The Soppeng RegencyA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI4AND MASNIAWATI
3D Printing in Pharmaceutics Role of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in DrugDeliveryAHMED MSHKARA MOWAFAQ MGHAREEB
A Prospective study to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling in improvinginhaler device technique in COPD patients using MDI with spacer and MDIETHIRAJAN NANDAGOPAL M SUMITHRA N MEENAKSHI
Comparative In Vitro Anticancer Study Of 4-Thiazolidinone Scaffold BearingThiadiazole Moiety Derived from Phenolic AldehydesNEETU CHOPRA SANDEEP JAIN NAVIDHA AGGARWAL
The Severe Varicella Zoster Infection with Kidney Transplant Patient UsingImmunosuppressantMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RIA BANDIARA RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDOLUBIS ENITA RAKHMAWATI KURNIAATMAJA HENDRA WANA NURrsquoAMINRULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAH ROESLI
Classifications of Eye InjuriesINDIAMINOV SAYIT INDIAMINOVICH DAVRANOVA AZIZA ERKINOVNA
Preparation Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation of Erlotinib Gellan Beads SOUMIYA SUKUMAR SANTHIAGU AROCKIASAMY MANJUSHA CHEMMATTUMOOTHONA
Personalized medicine A Review on scope and its pitfall VEERAPPAN MUTHUSAMY ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Inhibition of Osteoporosis by Endophytes ndash A Computational ApproachDRSDAISYLIN ANBU SUJITHA CHELLAM JAYNTHY
Awareness of breast cancer and Breast Self-Examination among female Pharmacyprofessionals in BengaluruAPOORVA DEVM DRGITHA KISHORE
Quality by Design Approach For Formulation Optimization of Ethosomal VesicularCarrier of CurcuminVISHAL KAPOOR SHAILESH JAIN
Assistance on post market examination and Reporting of problemsassociated with In-vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices under current healthemergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in India SELLA SENTHIL M SRUTHI N ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Problem Focused Coping and Parental Stress in The Autonomy of Oral Self-care for Down Syndrome ChildrenSITI FITRIA ULFAH TRI WAHONO AGUS MARJIANTO
Impact of a pharmacist-led asthma and COPD respiratory clinic in a hospitalsettingELHAM ALSHAMMARI NADA ALSALEH
Scereening Of Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to increaselocal aromatic rice plant growthSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDRABDUL RAHIM SALEH
Thyroid Hormones Profile In Patients with Alopecia Areata A Single Center Study MOHAMMAD SHAHATHA NAYAF AHMED ABDUL-AZIZ AHMED HAYDER SAADAHMED WISAM SUHAIL NAJEM
Redesign of the Legislative Function of the Regional Representative Councilof the Republic of Indonesia to Strengthen Regional AutonomyZULFAN RETNO SARASWATI SUKIRNO NABITATUS SArsquoADAH
Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending as a Breakthrough in the Acquisition of SMECapital in Indonesia ERY AGUS PRIYONO MUHAMAD AZHAR
Spatial Zoning and Community Partnership on the Development of Coastaland Marine Resources in Tourism Spots of Bali and LombokANA SILVIANA MIRA NOVANA ARDANI MAUVAL NOVARAHMAN SATRIA
Ventral dartos flap in second layer of hypospadias prospective studyJIHAD ANAD KHALEF CABU FIBMS
Determination of Fruit Ripeness Formulations and Sterilisation Processes toImprove the Quality of Crude Palm Oil ADI RUSWANTO ARI HANDONO RAMELAN IDA BAGUS BANYURO PARTHADANAR PRASEPTIANGGA
Classification and prediction of patin fish oilrsquos antioxidant activities fromdifferent origins using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometricsANGGITA ROSIANA PUTRI ABDUL ROHMAN SUGENG RIYANTOWIDIASTUTI SETYANINGSIH
Effectiveness of Binahong Leaves (Anredera Cordifolia) And Vitamin E as HerbalAnti-Inflammatory in Rats (Rattus Novergicus) Acute Metritis Based on CD4Levels and T LymphocytesVISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN LISTYA PUTRI HANDAYANI GALUH CHANDRAAGUSTINA YUDIT OKTANELLA DESI WULANSARI
Cinnamon Leaf Extract to Control Anthracnose Disease on Chilli Plants inBali A Novel and New Potential ANAK AGUNG KETUT DARMADI NI LUH SURIANI IDA BAGUS GEDEDARMAYASA IDA BAGUS MADE SUASKARA NI MADE GARI AHMADFUDHOLI
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Gaps In The Publicrsquos Awareness And Protective Practices During PivotalTime Of COVID-19 Pandemic A Survey From IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA MAWARDI IHSAN
The Effects Of Eleutherine Palmifolia On Depression Behavior Mda BdnfSerotonin And Norepinefrin Levels In A Rat Model Of DepressionSHERLY LIMANTARA MASRUROH RAHAYU NOORHAMDANI MOCH ISTIADJIDEDDY SANTOSO
Association of Medication Adherence with Quality of Life and TreatmentSatisfaction Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients ALEENA ANDREW SARA JOSE SUDHA M VENKATESWARAMURTHY NSAMBATH KUMAR R SHANMUGASUNDARAM R
Comparative Study of Entropy Module and Titrated Doses of Propofol ForInduction of AnaesthesiaDRPREETHI DHAMOTHARAN MBBS DRSONAL BHAT DRSHAILA S KAMATH
Identification of Phenolic Compound from Active Subfraction Of BaccaureaRacemosa Pulp by High Resolution Mass SpectrometryLINA PERMATASARI SUGENG RIYANTO ABDUL ROHMAN
Efficacy of Escitalopram versus Desvenlafaxine in Treatment of DepressionA Comparative Study from a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital DR SAIKIRAN PASUPULA DR MOUNICA YEDLAPALLI DR RAJESWARIPASUPULA DR SAKA MEGHANA DR SURESH KUMAR KOTA
Effect of seed priming with polyamines on Barley(Hordeum Vulgare L) WARQAA MUHAMMED SHARIFF AL-SHEIKH
Cinnamaldehydersquos Potential Inhibitory Effect towards Planktonic and Biofilm ofOral BacteriaDIYAH TRI UTAMI SYLVIA UTAMI TUNJUNG PRATIWI TETIANA HANIASTUTITRIANA HERTIANI
Antimicrobial Activity of Oleuropine and Thyme Extracts Against SelectedPathogenic Microorganisms and their Potential Uses as NaturalPreservativesYOUSEF SAHOURY HANI NASEEF MOHAMMAD FARRAJ MOAMMAL QURTLINA EL- KHAIRY
Free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract and compoundsisolated from stems of Etlingera rubroloba AD PoulsenASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
Ocular Complications in Type 1 DiabetesANAHITA ZAKERI HABIB OJAGHI MANOUCHEHR IRANPARVAR ALAMDARIFIROUZ AMANI MONIR SHOAA TELMA ZAHIRIAN MOGHADAM
The Outcome of Partial Arthroplasty for Treatment of Type 1 IntertrochantericFractures in Iraqi Elderly PatientsRAAD JAWAD KADHIM
Laparoscopic and Open Burch Colposuspension For Stress Urinary IncontinenceAdvantages DisadvantagesAHMED ALI OBAID SHIREN ALI AL-HAMZAWI AHMED ABDUL AMEER ALWAN
The Protective Effect of Boswellia Against Carbimazole Incuced Reanl AndHepatic Toxicity on Male RatsAMAL UMRAN MOSA IMAN HUSSEIN NASER BAN HOSHI KHALAF
Synthesis of Some Azetidinone Derivatives Containing Ciprofloxacin MoietyFADHIL DKHALID AYAD SHAMAD RABIHA HSALEH MAHA MSALIH
Development of Oral Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) OfRosuvastatin Calcium Formulation Characterization And In-Vitro Drug ReleaseStudyADNAN BURHAN QADER AHMED ABBAS HUSSEIN
Descriptive Study of Hemophilia Persons Life and Care in AldiwanyahProvinceIraqABDULAZIZ WANNAS ABD SUZAN SABBAR MUTLAG
How Do Hereditary and Parents Influence the Trend of Drug Use in HighSchool Students in Banda Aceh Multiple Logistic RegressionTALAMSYAH HIZIR SOFYAN HERU SANTOSA HAJJUL KAMIL DEWIMARIANTHI
The Influence of Cigarette Smoking in Immunoglobulin-E and Interleukin-33 Levelsin Iraqi SmokersSHEREEN AL-ALI
Study the Antibiotics Activity Against Escherichia Coli Isolated from UrineSamples of Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract InfectionEHSAN FHUSSEIN JABBAR AAMEEN SALAH HYASSEN
Serum Hepcidin And Ferritin Level Changes In Iraqi Adult Patients With Non-Transfusion Dependent Beta-Thalassemia Major And IntermediaEHAM AMER ALI ALI ABDULATEAF ALBAYATI SAHAR ABDULWAHAB ALSHABANKHITAM ALI ALTHAMER
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Elderly Population in BasrahGovernorate A Retrospective StudyZAINAB ABDULKAREEM MAKTOOF OULA FOUAD HAMEED SHATHAKHHUSSAIN
Incisional Hernia Different Approaches The Defect Size Is the RefereeADIL SHAKER AL TAMIMI ISRAA ABDUL WAHED DHEEB
Molecular Identification of Fusarium Brachygibbosum And Some Isolates ofTrichoderma SppALI AODEH RAJAA GABDALMOOHSIN AQEEL NAL-ABEDY
Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in FemaleGenital TractMUSTAFA SALAM ABDULKHALEQ NOAMAN MUTHANA ABDULKADERALMAHDAWY
Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Women in Diyala Governorate by UsingAmsels Criteria and Nugents ScoresZUHAIR HASSAN ALWAN MUTHANNA AL-MAHDAWI SHAYMAA MOHAMMEDALWAN
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)
SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI H MEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Nature of oral cancer progression according to gender evaluation throughmetastasis and recurrence - A Single University StudySINDHU PRIYA KUPPUSAMY SUNDARA MURTHY DRMAHATHINDRSURESH
Prevalence of class I occlusion in mixed dentitionNIVETHA G ARVIND S
Age and gender related distribution of patients undergoing maxillary thirdmolar extractionsSAM JOHN KOSHY MADHULAXMI M SIVAKUMAR M
Knowledge attitude and awareness of platelet rich fibrin among dentalstudents in chennaiABHISHEK NARAM MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW DEEPAK S
Evaluation of the awareness of gingival recession amongst patients whounderwent root coverage treatment - A retrospective studyVUNNAM SRI SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
Assessment of impacted third molars in patients with temporomandibulardisordersJAYA KEERTHANA S SREEDEVI DHARMAN MARAGATHAVALLIG
Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
Prevalence of Patients Seeking Aesthetic Treatment Options inOrthodontics - A Retrospective Study MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL M NAVEEN KUMAR
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Evaluation of Patients Reporting with Burning Sensation and Non-SpecificClinical Findings to Department of Oral MedicineABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Assessment of Effectiveness of Local Anesthesia with And WithoutAdrenaline in Patients with Cardiac DisordersMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARYMANJARI
Anemia as An Etiological Agent for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ARetrospective StudyMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARY MANJARI
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
Association Between Angles Class Ii Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease - ARetrospective StudyKARTHIGA DEVI GANGA MOORTHY JAIGANESH RAMAMURTHY PRADEEPDHASARATHAN
Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment of Dental Management of Mentally Challenged Patients Treatedin Special Care Dentistry in A Hospital Setting- Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Prevalence of White Spot Lesions in Patients Treated with Fixed OrthodonticAppliancesAMINA MEHRIN BANO SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Awareness And Knowledge About Pharmacotherapy Of Angular Cheilitis AmongUg Dental Students In Private Dental College ChennaiVINAYA SWETHAT DRDEEPIKA RAJENDRAN DRKIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
A Retrospective Study On Evaluation Of Patients With Recurrent AphthousStomatitisREVATHIB DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI HMEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
passifloraceae in the treatment of neurasthenia HUYNH TAN HOI
Prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute st- elevation myocardialinfarctionDRATPARDESI DRDILIP PPATIL DRRAHUL PATIL DRMAKARAND BMANE
A study to determine angiographic findings in patients of acute coronarysyndrome at teaching HospitalDRMRSPATIL SHILPA DRMRSPATANGE APARNA DRMRSVASANT DEOKARDRMRSKAPALE RJ DRMRS PUJARI BHUPAL
Effect of iron deficiency anemia on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values innon-diabetesDRDANIEL PJHON DRJABBAR DESAI DRAMIT PORWAL DRMRSKAPALE RJDRUTMANE
A study of microalbuminuria in newly detected hypertensive individuals in tertiarycare centreDRSSKULKARNI DRUTMANE DRPUJARI BHUPAL DRRAHUL SPATIL
Chemometrics-Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Paracetamol and Tramadol in Divided Powder DosageFormDINA CHRISTIN AYUNING PUTRI MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUSDIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds inWistar Albinos ratsFATIMA EL KAMARI HASSAN LAAROUSSI DRISS OUSAAID YASSINE EL ATKIAMAL TAROQ IMANE AOUAM BADIAA LYOUSSI ABDELFATTAH ABDELLAOUI
Study of flavanoid determination of uwi sap extract (Dioscorea alataL)NURFITRIANIA META MAHENDRADATTA AMRAN LAGA ZAINAL
a-Glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of butyrolactone I derivedfrom Aspergillus terreus and evaluation of its acute toxicity RIZNA TRIANA DEWI TENI ERNAWATI HANI MULYANI AKHMAD DARMAWANINDAH DWIATMI DEWIJANTI SOFNA BANJARNAHOR TRI YULIANI MARISSAANGELINA SOFA FAJRIAH ABDI WIRA SEPTAMA
HPMC Polymeric System Structural Contribution in Controlling Drug Release inSustained Drug Delivery SystemAJIT KULKARNI VIPUL DHASADE VIVEK INGALE AMIT KASABE ARCHANAYADAV SANTOSH FATTEPUR NAGARAJA SREEHARSHA EBHAVYA
Drug-Induced Acute PancreatitisANURAG LAVEKAR UMESH MARAPPA SWARALI TADWALKAR VIVEKCHAUDHARI
Comparative Study Of Amino Acids Profile Of Eel Fish (Anguilla Bicolor) In TheYellow Eel And Silver Eel Phase From Lake PosoJAMALUDDIN NURrsquoAENI AGUSTINUS WIDODO WA ODE SITTI MUSNINA
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SARS-CoV-2 TRAUMA HANDLING AND HAZARD RESCUE THROUGH MACHINELEARNINGBALAKRISHNAN S MSYED SHAHUL HAMEED SHAMEER MOHAMMED SHIMAZKHAN SHAIK ASWIN G
A Retrospective Qualitative Study on Pharmacotherapeutic Management ofCoronary Artery Disease Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Discussion onComprehensive Role of Clinical Pharmacist In Clinical PracticeABHARATH KUMAR MSUMASHANKAR
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Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
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Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
Assessment Of Drug Compliance And Targeted Pharmacist Intervention In AcuteIschemic Stroke PatientVARSHITHA NAKKA SUREKHA PUSAPATI AJAY MANUKONDA DR SKUMARAVELU VARA PRASAD SAKA
Intermittent dosing of isotretinoinNADA ALSALEH ELHAM ALSHAMMARI
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Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk) A Rich Extract Loaded Floating MicroballoonsAdvance Therapy to Treat and Manage Gastric UlcerRANJITHA M UMA NITHYASHREE RS SHOUVIK KUMAR D SASIPRIYA SVSTANMOY GHOSH KAMATCHI SUNDARA SARAVANAN MOHAMMAD AZAMTHULLA
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Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
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Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
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Some Aspects of Modeling in the Study of COVID-19 DataSYED KHALID MUSTAFA VYACHESLAV LYASHENKO NAMEER AHAMADMOHAMMAD REHAN AJMAL MAYAZ AHMAD
Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
Design and Evaluation of Solid Self-Emulsifying IBUPROFEN Pellets withCommercial Available IBUPROFEN TabletsKALAISELVI R CSAI KISHAN KOWSALYA N AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAHDVGOWDA
Relationship among Scrotal Size Body Weight and Feedstuffs of Bali Cattle BullProductivityABYADUL FITRIYAH MULYOTO PANGESTU SUPRIYONO ABDUL FATTAH
Prevalence of Dental Erosion and Associated Risk Factors among SchoolChildren aged 6 to 10 years A Cross-Sectional StudyDR PRIYANKA DANTHAM DR HEMA MANVI BADI DR SIVAKUMAR NUVVULA
Core-Shell Nanoparticle Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Hyaluronic Acid asAbsorbable Dressing Based Hydrogel Post-Gingivectomy A ReviewMARTINING SHOFFA PUSPITANINGRUM MOHAMMAD ALI MAKSUM DEVY PUTRIKUSUMAWARDHANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA
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Interrelation of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors as a Predictor of EarlyClinical Prediction of Schizophrenia with Paroxysmal CourseMARK LAZAREVICH AGRANOVSKIY MAHFUZA ALIMOVNA DOLIMOVAABDURAHMON ALISHEROVICH MIRZAEV SHAVKAT KHABIBULLAYEVAISLAMOVABDUVOHID HATAMOVICH KARIMOV
Synthesis Characterization of Diazepine-Bicycles System and Study of their Bio-BehaviorDR NAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI RABAB MAHDI UBAID MAHMOOD
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A Novel Biometric Recognition System for FingerprintUsing Polar HarmonicTransformANLI SHERINE DRGENO PETER
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
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Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
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Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
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A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
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IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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The effect of learning methods age and vital capacity of the lungs on thelearning outcomes of 50 meter breaststroke swimming skillsSUKIRI RAMDAN PELANA YUSMAWATI OMAN UNJU SUBANDI ABDULKHOLIK EKAFITRI
Identification of Lead Compounds from Plant Secondary Metabolites to TargetNon-Structural Protein (Ns5) of Dengue Virus by Insilico MethodARUNYA M SIMYA R SIVASANKARI M ARUL JAYANTHI A
Detection of Kaposirsquos Associated Herpesvirus in Saliva of Drug RelatedImmunosupressed PatientSHATHA F ABDULLAH SAMARA MOWAFFAQ ALI
Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
Design Development And Evaluation Of Antidiabetc Matrix Tablets Using NaturalAnd Synthetic PolymersHIMABINDU PEDDAPALLI MADHURIKA SIRIGADI MD FAHEEMUDDINRAMKOTESWARA RAO AMARA ANANDA KUMAR CHETTUPALLI
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Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
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Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
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Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
Biological activities of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub flowers on skin carecosmeticsNARIN KAKATUM YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
Development and Validation of Absorbance Subtraction Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Atorvastatin Calcium and Sildenafil Using UV SpectrophotometerSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation ofAtorvastatin Calcium and SildenafilSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
Study the Incidence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among PregnantWomen in Basrah-IraqISMAAL JMIA ABAS SHEREEN AL-ALI
Stability of Dexamethasone Oral Liquid FormulationsMALATHE A ALSHAWI NAWAR ADDAI MOHAMMED SATTAR MAZIN N MOUSABADER S ALABDULLAH
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
Diagnosis of Rota Virus Infection in Mosul Pediatric Hospitals UsingImmunological and Molecular MethodsJALAL MOHAMMED ZUHDI JALAL ANWAR SALIH SAIHOOD AREEJ SALIHSAIHOOD
Detection of lead in soil and Ziziphusspina-christi in Mosul city northern of IraqIYAD ABID ALMUHSIN AHMED HUSEEIN REYAM NAJI AJMI ESTABRAQMOHAMMED ATI3 HUDA FAROOQ ZAKI
Formulation and Evaluation of BILAYR Floating Tablet of LevetiracetamHAMAD KADHUM MAARIZ WEDAD K ALI FATIMA A TWFEEQ
Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
Cloning of Anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Nanobody Gene bypComb3xss Vector into ER2738 Bacterial SystemRANA SH ISMAIL AWATIF H ISSA ABDULELAH A ALMAYAH MAHMOUD GANJI
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E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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250
500
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07
14
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0
6
12
18
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Behavioral analysis of customer through customer review and profile using chi-square method DRSARVJEET KAUR
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Revealing the lactogenic anti-obesity and antidiabetic activity of CyperusrotundusSARITHAR SUSEEM SR
Neonatal risk factors for cerebral palsy BABHINANDH KRIPA LALVI ROSHNI P R
Phytoextraction Study of Cadmium and Lead Using Different Plants in PollutedSoils A ReviewALI HUSSEIN HANO MOHANAD LUAY JAWHER SHAHLAA HUSSEIN HANO
R E S E A R C H
A new curcumin analog CCA-11 induces cell cycle arrest and senescencetoward ER-positive breast cancer cellsDHANIA NOVITASARI FEBRI WULANDARI RIRIS ISTIGHFARI JENIEROHMAD YUDI UTOMO JUN-YA KATO EDY MEIYANTO
Pharmaceutical Analysis of Drakshadi Syrup - A Polyherbal Ayurvedic HematinicABOLI PATIL RAJANISH METI SWAPNIL CR
Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for theDetermination of Ivacaftor in Bulk and its Pharmaceutical FormulationTANUJA S GANAPATY VARANASI S N MURTHY
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Study of BMI Glucose Level and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes MellitusMOUSOMI ROY ARINDOM BANERJEE SATYANARAYANA P RAJKUMARMAITI PRITHVIRAJ KARAK FATIK BARAN MANDAL
Sensitive and Developed Normal-FIA Methods for The SpectrophotometricDetermination of Diosmin In Pharmaceutical Formulations UsingDiazotization Coupling Reactions
MAYASA MOHAMMED SADEEM SUBHI ABED
Formulation Development and Optimization of Extended Release Pellets ofDexketoprofen TrometamolBHUPENDRA GPRAJAPATI ALPESH PATEL
A Cross Sectional Study on Stress Among Medical Students of Kolhapur City ofMaharashtra Study on stress among medical studentsDRJEEVANKUMAR UYADAV DRDEEPMALA JYADAV
Nanocatalytic Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated Using CamelliaSinensis (Linn) Tender Leaf Extract and Their CharacterizationKRISHNAKUMAR S BETHANNEY JANNEY J SINDU DIVAKARAN LUMENCHRISTY V PRAKASH WILLIAMS G
Calcium Hydroxide Upregulates Interleukin-10 Expression in TimeDependent Exposure and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation of HumanUmbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells ERIC PRIYO PRASETYO MEFINA KUNTJORO FEBRIASTUTI CAHYANISETYABUDI GOENHARTO WIDYA SARASWATI DEVI EKA JUNIARTI NIKEHENDRIJANTINI NINUK HARIYANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA FEDIKABDUL RANTAM
Study of School Entomology Factors on The Impact of Behavioral Changes(Combi) Of the Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in ElementarySchool ChildrenASRIWATI AMIRAH ISMAIL EFENDY ARIFAH DEVI FITRIANI ENDANG
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Authentication Analysis of Snakehead Fish Oil Using Combination of FTIRSpectra and ChemometricsFELLA SYIFA IRNAWATI ALDI BUDI RIYANTA ABDUL ROHMAN
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Evaluation of Different Prepared Binary Systems for DifferentPharmaceutical ApplicationsOMAR YMADY AHMED ADONIA ESMAT ZEIN EL-DEEN SOAAD AHMED
Anti-Inflammatory And Toxicity Studies Of Substituted HydrazinePyrazolone DerivativesSINDHU E ROOPA P NAYAK PREMA SALDANHA DARSHAN RAJ C GSHASHIDHARA KS
Qualitative Analysis and In-Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of Cleome GynandraStemANANDARAJAGOPAL KALUSALINGAM NASYIKA SAMSUDIN ABDULLAH KHANKRUPAVARAM BETHALLA VIJAY KOTRA KAI BIN LIEW MEI JUN LOY SIEW MEIYEE
Adenine Used as Agent Induced of Chronic Kidney Disease Accompanied Anemiafor Rats and rHuEPO-alpha on MgO Nanoparrticles as Drug Delivery in vivo studyAMEER SULTAN ASMA HADI MOHAMMED FATIN FADHEL MOHAMMED AL-KAZAZSHAIMAA HAMED JABER
Social Function of Land and Legal Protection for Communities in Accessing theRight for RoadLATANIA TRIRAMDHANI SIYED ABDUL RAHMAN BIN SIYED OSMAN AL ATTAS
Recontextualizing The Patriarchal Dominance Of Manggarai Heritage CustomaryLaw System By Democratic And Gendered OrientationADRIANUS NGGORO FX ADJI SAMEKTO SUKIRNO
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Functional Features of The Cardiovascular System in Athletes with MinorHeart AnomaliesIN MEDVEDEV MA CHICHKOVA MVEREMIN AA SVETLICHKINA AVDORONTSEV NG PRYANIKOVA
Judicial Policy for The Covid-19 Pandemic in Comparative LegalPerspectiveMZMNOMANI ZAFAR HUSSAIN RENU DHAWAN
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Prospecting SEHAT-Kader Project to Decrease Perceived Stigma andImprove Quality of Life People Living With HIVAIDS at Kudus DistrictCentral JavaERNAWATI ERNAWATI NURSALAM NURSALAM SHRIMARTI RUKMINI DEVYSITI AMINAH AHMAD FATHUROHMAN TRI HARTITI ARIEF YANTOMACHMUDAH MACHMUDAH
The functional state of the body of older men experiencing regular recreationalstressSYUZAVALISHINA VYUKARPOV MVEREMIN NGPRYANIKOVASYUTATAROVA
Development Of Immune Structures Of The Leaning Intestine Of Rabbits InEarly Postnatal OntogenesisFIRDAVS ORIPOV SOPHIA BLINOVA TASHPULAT DEKHKANOV SALIMDAVLATOV
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Antioxidant Activity and Acute Toxicity of New N4 -Substituted5-(124-Triazole-1-Ylmethyl)-124- Triazole-3-Thiones And S - DerivativesSSZYKOVA GVTSAPLIN VSTALISMANOV IPBULATOV SVPOPKOVGKARMA
Antimicrobial activity of quercetin from Majapahit (Crescentia cujete L) fruitextracts an in silico studySRI RAHMANINGSIH HERNIK PUJIASTUTIK
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Women Decision for the Post COVID 19 Era An Action to call from Delhi-NCR IndiaDRNITIN GIRDHARWAL DR MRINAL VERMA
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Multi-Machine Learning Binary Classification Feature Selection and ComparisonTechnique for Predicting Death Events Related to Heart DiseaseRITU AGGRAWAL SAURABH PAL
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Vitamin B12 Deficiency in COVID-19 Recovered Patients Case ReportELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Magnesium supplementation for premenstrual syndrome and premenstrualdysphoric disorderELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Management Of Drug Logistics At Pharmacy Installation Dr WahidinSudirohusodo Makassar Hospital GEMY NASTITY HANDAYANY FATHURRAHMI
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Biochemical Markers Of Metabolic Disorders In The Blood Of Patients With JawFractures In The Post-Traumatic Period
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Alternative solution for konigsberg bridge problem through the concept ofmatchingRSAMPATH KSRINIVASAN PTHARANIYA PELUMALAI
Domination in different graphsKMYTHILY SKALAIVANI PELUMALAI PTHARANIYA
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The peculiarities of permanent teething in children living in Tashkent city ROZA KAMILOVA JAVLON KAMILOV
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Coronavirus disease (covid-19) outbreak in india DANIEL FRANCIS SELVARAJ BALAKRISHNAN S MANOPAUL P
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Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Combined With Multivariate Calibration forAnalysing Caffeine Nicotinamide and Pyridoxine In Simulated EnergyDrinks MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Online and conventional learning as viewed by students from pharmacy ELHAM ALSHAMMARI EMAN ALOTAIBI
New facile technique for estimation of piroxicam in bulk drugKAMAL SHAH GAURAV KRISHNA JEETENDRA KUMAR GUPTA
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Physiological mechanisms for maintaining health in ontogenesisINMEDVEDEV DMPRAVDOV OAKOZLYATNIKOV NMLAPINASVPERSHIKOV VISHARAGIN
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Paclitaxel byHydrotropy Technique SYEDA SHABANA SULTANA DRKAPPANNA CHOWDARY DRSUMER SINGH
Implementation of code stroke protocol in acute ischemic stroke at ahospital in Aceh Indonesia SYAHRUL SYAHRUL ENDANG MUTIAWATI IMRAN IMRAN SUHERMANSUHERMAN NOVA DIAN LESTARI FARIDA FARIDA NURUL FAJRI NURULHUDA
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Simple New Colorimetric Method Development for the Estimation of FlupirtineMaleate in Bulk and in Pharmaceutical dosage Form PVDUSE KGBAHETI
Collaboration Between Interprofessional Healthcare and Patients to ImproveQuality of Life Type 2 Diabetes via Smartphone Application LUSY NOVIANI AJENG DIANTINI ANAS SUBARNAS
The impact of exogenous and endogenous factors on the stomach wall macro-microscopic anatomy of newborn white ratsSHUKHRAT JTESHAYEV DILSHOD KKHUDOYBERDIYEV SALIM SDAVLATOV
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JURAT JBAKHRONOV SHUKHRAT JTESHAEV MUSHARRAF SSHODIEVA
Clinical Course Of Purulent Soft Tissue Diseases On The Background OfDiabetes Mellitus And Diffusive Toxic GoiterBAKODIR BSAFOYEV OBIDMKURBANOV MALOHAT SSHAROPOVA
Evaluating Glycemic Response to Lidocaine with Two DifferentVasoconstrictors in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Tooth ExtractionCrossover Randomized Clinical StudyFERAS SULAIMAN NURALDEEN MAHER AL-KHANATI BASSEL BRAD RUBAJUMAA
Clinical and Angiocalibrometric Changes of Retina Vessels in Patients withIdiopathic RetinovasculitisUSENKO VALENTINA UMETALIEVA MAANA GENTSELMAN DMITRY
Assessment of Erythropoietin Levels and Correlation with Cytokines inPatients with Chronic Heart Failure GADAEV AG TURAKULOVRI QURBONOV AK SABIROV MASAYFULLAYEV MB GADAEVA NA
Nano Sponges for The Enhancement of Topical Sustained Delivery ofTerbinafine HClVISHAL B RAWAL PREETHI S ANANYA K V AMIT B PATIL DV GOWDA
A Novel Validated Gradient Hplc Method For Analysing Axitinib And Their ProcessRelated Impurities By Pda DetectionSHYAMALA DASHOK PSHYAM
Impact of drug information services on patient safety at East Jeddah Hospital inSaudi Arabia a retrospective studyAYED AALKATHEERI YOUSEF MALJOHANI AHMAD AALSHAMRANI MANE ALSALIM NARDEEN BAKHEET AKRAM AALSALMI YAHYA AALZAHRANI
A QbD based study in development optimization and forced degradationbehaviour of Epinastine Hydrochloride in Metered dose inhaler by RP-HPLC BIKASH RANJANJENA SIVA PRASAD PANDA UMASANKAR KULANDAIVELURAJASEKHAR REDDY ALAVALA GSNKOTESWARA RAO SURYAKANTA SWAINDEBASHISHGHOSE DEBI PRASAD PRADHAN
Medical and social problems of the development of congenitalmalformations during a pandemicDILNOZA SHKUDRATOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIMSDAVLATOV
Pathomorphological characteristics of the vaginal mucosa in experimentalnotspecific vaginitis and various methods of treatmentFERUZA SHORIPOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIM SDAVLATOV
Legislation Procedures of Forming Regional Regulations and Its Implication onthe Politics of Law in IndonesiaLITA TYESTA ALW AMALIA DIAMANTINA
Effect of Passive Smoking on Low Birth Weight (Lbw) Incidence inIndonesia Analysis of Riskesdas Data In 2018 WULAN SARI RASNA GIRI SEMBIRING BESRAL MILLA HERDAYATI
Study The Antibacterial Activity Of Uwi Sap (Dioscorea AlataL) Extracts FromIndonesia In Damaging Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Cells ANURFITRIANI META MAHENDRADATTA AMRAN LAGA ZAINAL
Prevalence of Depression and Its Determinant Among Diabetic Patients ASystematic Review from Southeast Asia CountriesNOVITA DHEWI IKAKUSUMAWATI SUSI ARI KRISTINA ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Isolation and Characterization of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and ProducingIAA (Indole Acetic Acid) From Rice Rhizosphere from The Soppeng RegencyA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI4AND MASNIAWATI
3D Printing in Pharmaceutics Role of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in DrugDeliveryAHMED MSHKARA MOWAFAQ MGHAREEB
A Prospective study to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling in improvinginhaler device technique in COPD patients using MDI with spacer and MDIETHIRAJAN NANDAGOPAL M SUMITHRA N MEENAKSHI
Comparative In Vitro Anticancer Study Of 4-Thiazolidinone Scaffold BearingThiadiazole Moiety Derived from Phenolic AldehydesNEETU CHOPRA SANDEEP JAIN NAVIDHA AGGARWAL
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Classifications of Eye InjuriesINDIAMINOV SAYIT INDIAMINOVICH DAVRANOVA AZIZA ERKINOVNA
Preparation Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation of Erlotinib Gellan Beads SOUMIYA SUKUMAR SANTHIAGU AROCKIASAMY MANJUSHA CHEMMATTUMOOTHONA
Personalized medicine A Review on scope and its pitfall VEERAPPAN MUTHUSAMY ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Inhibition of Osteoporosis by Endophytes ndash A Computational ApproachDRSDAISYLIN ANBU SUJITHA CHELLAM JAYNTHY
Awareness of breast cancer and Breast Self-Examination among female Pharmacyprofessionals in BengaluruAPOORVA DEVM DRGITHA KISHORE
Quality by Design Approach For Formulation Optimization of Ethosomal VesicularCarrier of CurcuminVISHAL KAPOOR SHAILESH JAIN
Assistance on post market examination and Reporting of problemsassociated with In-vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices under current healthemergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in India SELLA SENTHIL M SRUTHI N ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Problem Focused Coping and Parental Stress in The Autonomy of Oral Self-care for Down Syndrome ChildrenSITI FITRIA ULFAH TRI WAHONO AGUS MARJIANTO
Impact of a pharmacist-led asthma and COPD respiratory clinic in a hospitalsettingELHAM ALSHAMMARI NADA ALSALEH
Scereening Of Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to increaselocal aromatic rice plant growthSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDRABDUL RAHIM SALEH
Thyroid Hormones Profile In Patients with Alopecia Areata A Single Center Study MOHAMMAD SHAHATHA NAYAF AHMED ABDUL-AZIZ AHMED HAYDER SAADAHMED WISAM SUHAIL NAJEM
Redesign of the Legislative Function of the Regional Representative Councilof the Republic of Indonesia to Strengthen Regional AutonomyZULFAN RETNO SARASWATI SUKIRNO NABITATUS SArsquoADAH
Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending as a Breakthrough in the Acquisition of SMECapital in Indonesia ERY AGUS PRIYONO MUHAMAD AZHAR
Spatial Zoning and Community Partnership on the Development of Coastaland Marine Resources in Tourism Spots of Bali and LombokANA SILVIANA MIRA NOVANA ARDANI MAUVAL NOVARAHMAN SATRIA
Ventral dartos flap in second layer of hypospadias prospective studyJIHAD ANAD KHALEF CABU FIBMS
Determination of Fruit Ripeness Formulations and Sterilisation Processes toImprove the Quality of Crude Palm Oil ADI RUSWANTO ARI HANDONO RAMELAN IDA BAGUS BANYURO PARTHADANAR PRASEPTIANGGA
Classification and prediction of patin fish oilrsquos antioxidant activities fromdifferent origins using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometricsANGGITA ROSIANA PUTRI ABDUL ROHMAN SUGENG RIYANTOWIDIASTUTI SETYANINGSIH
Effectiveness of Binahong Leaves (Anredera Cordifolia) And Vitamin E as HerbalAnti-Inflammatory in Rats (Rattus Novergicus) Acute Metritis Based on CD4Levels and T LymphocytesVISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN LISTYA PUTRI HANDAYANI GALUH CHANDRAAGUSTINA YUDIT OKTANELLA DESI WULANSARI
Cinnamon Leaf Extract to Control Anthracnose Disease on Chilli Plants inBali A Novel and New Potential ANAK AGUNG KETUT DARMADI NI LUH SURIANI IDA BAGUS GEDEDARMAYASA IDA BAGUS MADE SUASKARA NI MADE GARI AHMADFUDHOLI
Assessment OF Serum 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA)Reducates and Liver X Receptor As Predictor For Liver DiseasesANTESAR RHEEM OBEAD ANMAR HAMEED BLOH HAIDER RASOL ABBASSALWAHAMI
Gaps In The Publicrsquos Awareness And Protective Practices During PivotalTime Of COVID-19 Pandemic A Survey From IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA MAWARDI IHSAN
The Effects Of Eleutherine Palmifolia On Depression Behavior Mda BdnfSerotonin And Norepinefrin Levels In A Rat Model Of DepressionSHERLY LIMANTARA MASRUROH RAHAYU NOORHAMDANI MOCH ISTIADJIDEDDY SANTOSO
Association of Medication Adherence with Quality of Life and TreatmentSatisfaction Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients ALEENA ANDREW SARA JOSE SUDHA M VENKATESWARAMURTHY NSAMBATH KUMAR R SHANMUGASUNDARAM R
Comparative Study of Entropy Module and Titrated Doses of Propofol ForInduction of AnaesthesiaDRPREETHI DHAMOTHARAN MBBS DRSONAL BHAT DRSHAILA S KAMATH
Identification of Phenolic Compound from Active Subfraction Of BaccaureaRacemosa Pulp by High Resolution Mass SpectrometryLINA PERMATASARI SUGENG RIYANTO ABDUL ROHMAN
Efficacy of Escitalopram versus Desvenlafaxine in Treatment of DepressionA Comparative Study from a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital DR SAIKIRAN PASUPULA DR MOUNICA YEDLAPALLI DR RAJESWARIPASUPULA DR SAKA MEGHANA DR SURESH KUMAR KOTA
Effect of seed priming with polyamines on Barley(Hordeum Vulgare L) WARQAA MUHAMMED SHARIFF AL-SHEIKH
Cinnamaldehydersquos Potential Inhibitory Effect towards Planktonic and Biofilm ofOral BacteriaDIYAH TRI UTAMI SYLVIA UTAMI TUNJUNG PRATIWI TETIANA HANIASTUTITRIANA HERTIANI
Antimicrobial Activity of Oleuropine and Thyme Extracts Against SelectedPathogenic Microorganisms and their Potential Uses as NaturalPreservativesYOUSEF SAHOURY HANI NASEEF MOHAMMAD FARRAJ MOAMMAL QURTLINA EL- KHAIRY
Free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract and compoundsisolated from stems of Etlingera rubroloba AD PoulsenASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
Ocular Complications in Type 1 DiabetesANAHITA ZAKERI HABIB OJAGHI MANOUCHEHR IRANPARVAR ALAMDARIFIROUZ AMANI MONIR SHOAA TELMA ZAHIRIAN MOGHADAM
The Outcome of Partial Arthroplasty for Treatment of Type 1 IntertrochantericFractures in Iraqi Elderly PatientsRAAD JAWAD KADHIM
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Incisional Hernia Different Approaches The Defect Size Is the RefereeADIL SHAKER AL TAMIMI ISRAA ABDUL WAHED DHEEB
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Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in FemaleGenital TractMUSTAFA SALAM ABDULKHALEQ NOAMAN MUTHANA ABDULKADERALMAHDAWY
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Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)
SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI H MEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Nature of oral cancer progression according to gender evaluation throughmetastasis and recurrence - A Single University StudySINDHU PRIYA KUPPUSAMY SUNDARA MURTHY DRMAHATHINDRSURESH
Prevalence of class I occlusion in mixed dentitionNIVETHA G ARVIND S
Age and gender related distribution of patients undergoing maxillary thirdmolar extractionsSAM JOHN KOSHY MADHULAXMI M SIVAKUMAR M
Knowledge attitude and awareness of platelet rich fibrin among dentalstudents in chennaiABHISHEK NARAM MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW DEEPAK S
Evaluation of the awareness of gingival recession amongst patients whounderwent root coverage treatment - A retrospective studyVUNNAM SRI SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
Assessment of impacted third molars in patients with temporomandibulardisordersJAYA KEERTHANA S SREEDEVI DHARMAN MARAGATHAVALLIG
Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
Prevalence of Patients Seeking Aesthetic Treatment Options inOrthodontics - A Retrospective Study MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL M NAVEEN KUMAR
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
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Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
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Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
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Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Awareness And Knowledge About Pharmacotherapy Of Angular Cheilitis AmongUg Dental Students In Private Dental College ChennaiVINAYA SWETHAT DRDEEPIKA RAJENDRAN DRKIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
A Retrospective Study On Evaluation Of Patients With Recurrent AphthousStomatitisREVATHIB DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
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Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
passifloraceae in the treatment of neurasthenia HUYNH TAN HOI
Prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute st- elevation myocardialinfarctionDRATPARDESI DRDILIP PPATIL DRRAHUL PATIL DRMAKARAND BMANE
A study to determine angiographic findings in patients of acute coronarysyndrome at teaching HospitalDRMRSPATIL SHILPA DRMRSPATANGE APARNA DRMRSVASANT DEOKARDRMRSKAPALE RJ DRMRS PUJARI BHUPAL
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A study of microalbuminuria in newly detected hypertensive individuals in tertiarycare centreDRSSKULKARNI DRUTMANE DRPUJARI BHUPAL DRRAHUL SPATIL
Chemometrics-Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Paracetamol and Tramadol in Divided Powder DosageFormDINA CHRISTIN AYUNING PUTRI MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUSDIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds inWistar Albinos ratsFATIMA EL KAMARI HASSAN LAAROUSSI DRISS OUSAAID YASSINE EL ATKIAMAL TAROQ IMANE AOUAM BADIAA LYOUSSI ABDELFATTAH ABDELLAOUI
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a-Glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of butyrolactone I derivedfrom Aspergillus terreus and evaluation of its acute toxicity RIZNA TRIANA DEWI TENI ERNAWATI HANI MULYANI AKHMAD DARMAWANINDAH DWIATMI DEWIJANTI SOFNA BANJARNAHOR TRI YULIANI MARISSAANGELINA SOFA FAJRIAH ABDI WIRA SEPTAMA
HPMC Polymeric System Structural Contribution in Controlling Drug Release inSustained Drug Delivery SystemAJIT KULKARNI VIPUL DHASADE VIVEK INGALE AMIT KASABE ARCHANAYADAV SANTOSH FATTEPUR NAGARAJA SREEHARSHA EBHAVYA
Drug-Induced Acute PancreatitisANURAG LAVEKAR UMESH MARAPPA SWARALI TADWALKAR VIVEKCHAUDHARI
Comparative Study Of Amino Acids Profile Of Eel Fish (Anguilla Bicolor) In TheYellow Eel And Silver Eel Phase From Lake PosoJAMALUDDIN NURrsquoAENI AGUSTINUS WIDODO WA ODE SITTI MUSNINA
Physical Chemistry Characterization of Gelatin on Eel Fish Bone (Anguillamarmorata Q Gaimard) With Various Concentrations of Solvent Base andExtraction TimeJAMALUDDIN AKHMAD KHUMAIDI RAODHATUL JANNA YONELIAN YUYUNAGUSTINUS WIDODO PITRIANI
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The Rationale For Performing Hybrid Mediastinal Lymph Node DissectionBy Transhiatal Access For Thoracic Esophageal CancerDJAKHANGIR SABIROV BAKHTIYOR MADIYOROV ABDUGAFFAR RASULOVNIZOM ERMATOV ORZIGUL YUSUPOVA
Effect Of Dietary And Lifestyle Transitions On Functional Immune SystemSARAH MOHAMED R S UPENDRA SHRADDHA BIJALWAN VAISHNAVI BHAGWANBOPTE ABHINASH KUMAR GIRI
Title Updates on community pharmacistsrsquo involvement in tuberculosis program inIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity and DPPH radical scavenging Assay ofisolated compound from Etlingera rubroloba (Blume) AD Poulsen stemASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
2d-Qsar Study Of Synthesized Novel Derivatives Of 134-OxadiazolesSOMASHEKHAR M R B KOTNAL S R KARAJAGI
Molecular and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric determination ofFurosemide via complex formation with Chromium ionKHITAM JABER NABHAN ABBAS SHEBEEB HASAN AL-KADUMI JWAN ODAYABDULSATTAR
Direct and Indirect Cost of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia A PrevalenceBased Study with Human Capital ApproachSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds Oil of Agricultural Wastein MalaysiaSHAKINAZ DESA ASAAD ABBAS KHALAF SYARUL NATAQAIN BINTIBAHARUM MUSTAFA MUDHAFAR
Tribulus terrestris Linn Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced By Monosodium-Glutamate An In Vivo EvidenceGOMATHI SWAMINATHAN SRIKANTH JUPUDI SATHISH R ROSHAN NS
Clinical and experimental value of integrated lymphatic therapy in nonspecificulcerative colitisYULDOSHALI EGAMOV AKHTAM RUZIYEV SARVAR KHAIDAROV GULISHAYKHOVA ADILBEK RAJABOV NIZOM ERMATOV
Protective Effects of Antagonism of Interleukin-1 Receptors in 3-nitropropionicAcid Provoked Huntington Disease-Related SymptomsSURBHI GUPTA BHUPESH SHARMA
The Correlation between Serum Iron Level and Transferrin Saturation withReticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent (RET-He) in Routine HemodialysisMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDO LUBIS RIABANDIARA ABDUL HADI MARTAKUSUMAH RULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAHROESLI DEDI RACHMADI
Antileukotriene Drugs in The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in ChildrenMIRRAKHIMOVA MAKTUBA XABIBULLAYEVNA ABDULLAEVA DILOROMTELMANOVNA ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ GAYRATOVNA SAGDULLAYEVA MAFURAABDUKARIMOVNA ABDULLAYEVA MUXLISA MASRUROVNA
Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate Versus Normal Saline in the Prevention ofContrast-Induced Nephropathy among Cardiac Patients A Cohort Study in SaudiArabia SIREEN ABDULRAHIM SHILBAYEH ATHEER MUSAAD BIN HAMEED MAYMOHAMMED ALOWAYEDH RAGHAD ABDULMOHSEN ABAHUSSAIN HAYA ALIMUKHAYLIB HIND KHALID SID AHMED
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effect on Quality of Life among AdolescentPopulation A Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia SIREEN A SHILBAYEH WEDYAN A ALHUSSAIN ALANOUD S ALHIBS NAJLA GALMALKI NOUF A ALMAJHAD SAMAR T NOURI SARAH M ALSALEH
Maximal Matching in Fractal Graphs and Its ApplicationPTHARANIYA GJAYALALITHA
Anticancer properties of hymecromone-derived compounds A reviewNOORA THAMER ABDULAZIZ YASSER FAKRI MUSTAFA
Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of new 15-Benzodiazepine derivatives contain Cyclic imides and Mannich basesMALATH KHALAF RASHEED DIANA ABDALKREEMAL-RIFAIE DHAMER ISMAELMADAB
Componential Description Of Medicated Foams A ReviewHAYDER HUSSEIN ALWAN HANAN JALAL KASSAB
Molecular Study Of The TG Gene Polymorphisms In Patients WithHashimotorsquos Thyroiditis Among Iraqis PopulationBASMAN A NADHIM ABBAS G HAMMED HAYDER O HASHIM NAZAR JMETIB
Comparative genetic study for some species of the family Poaceae using theRAPD molecular indicatorSALWAH HAMZA HUSSEIN AL-HASSNWY RUQAYA MANOON HASAN AL-NOMANI
Quercetin Isolated from Dried Ginkgo Biloba leaves with the PhytochemicalScreeningFARQAD M BAQER BASSAM A HASSAN FADIL MOHSEN HAMED
Therapeutic efficacy of protein compound extractionfromMetapenaeusaffinisagainst glucosamine sulphate-induced nephrotoxicity inmale ratsAMAL KABBAS
Evaluation of HER2-Neu status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situhybridization as a prognostic factor in gastric and gastro-esophageal cancerEAMAN SUUD KHALIFA AYSER HAMEED LATIF
Can IL1szlig and IL10 levels assessment in endometrial secretion predict pregnancyoutcome after ICSI A prospective studyTAIF EIMAD AHMED FADIA J AL-IZZI QAYS AHMED MAHDI
Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and its complexes with some metal ions and Their FluorescenceStudyINAM HASHIM IBRAHIM HASAN A HASAN
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Al-Anbar Governorate Western of IraqIBRAHIM NS AL-KAISSI SAAD M SHUKR MARWA A KUBBA
New Polymeric Coii Niii And Cdii Complexes With Tetrazole Schiff-Base LigandsSynthesis Spectral Characterisation And Biological ActivityRIYADH M AHMED BAIDAA K AL-RUBAYE NASRY J HUSSIEN ENAAM I YOUSIFHASAN A HASAN MOHAMAD J AL-JEBOORI
Evaluation of the Cytocompatibility of Novel Gingival Retraction Pastes based onBoswellia papyrifera
HIBA A SALMAN MANHAL A MAJEED EAMAN A AL-RUBAEE
Isolation and genotyping of local Toxoplasma gondii strains in infected chickenABDULRAZZAQ MOHAMMED HAMOOD ALI MOHAMMED ABED
Preparation and characterization of diazepam loaded nanomicelles for pediatricintravenous dose adjustmentMUHANNAD SALAH AL RADHI MOHAMMED SABAR AL-LAMI ENAS ABDULSAHIB
Baseline Widal Titre Amongst the Healthy Individuals from Western RuralMaharashtraIndia DR RAVINDRA V SHINDE ANJALI R SHINDE DR S T MOHITE DR SANDEEPB SHINDE DR S K PAWAR DR S R PATIL
IoT BASED CPAP MACHINEJPREMKUMAR TSUDHAKAR ABDULLAH S ABHIJIT GOSWAMI EKAVITHA
To the Problem of Fungal Pathology in the Hot Climate in Children and AdultsSHAIKHOVA GULI ERMATOV NIZOM ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ ABDULLAEVADILOROM YUSUPOVA ORZIGUL ALLAYEVA MUNIRA
Effect of Tender Coconut Water on Experimental Urolithiasis An In Vitro StudyGAYATRI S SOWNDARYA S KARTHIKEYAN G
Development and Optimization of Multiple-Unit Floating Drug Delivery System ofPregabalin Using Quality by Design (QbD) ApproachMONIKA KHARB YSTANWAR
Dissolution profile comparison of two marketed Favipiravir tabletsSANDEEP KHATALE CHAUDHARI NIKHIL SURESH ANAGHA UPASANINILAM BHUSARE
Development of a Tool to Assess the Safe and Quality Use of ImmunizationJUNY SEBASTIAN GURUMURTHY PARTHASARATHI MANDYAM DHATI RAVI
Effectiveness of Olive Oil Massage on Post Caesarean Pain and Quality of Sleepamong Primigravida MothersPRIYADARSINIA REVATHIPG
Assessment of the Quality of Life and the Level of Depression in Patients withChronic Kidney Disease on Programmed HemodialysisAKSNA M KARDANGUSHEVA LILIYA V ELGAROVA ZARINA A SHUGUSHEVAIRINA H ALMOVA SOFIAT KH SIZHAZHEVA
The Expression of Immunohistochemistry IL-10 And IL-18 On Helminth-InfectedMice Treated With The Extract Of Areca catechu LENDY JULI ANTO AZNAN LELO SYAFRUDDIN ILYAS MARLINE NAINGGOLAN
Evaluation of Basic Plants in The Bank of Healthy Potato Varieties in The NorthernRegion and The High Mountain ZoneOVES EV
An objective assessment of the importance of regions for beekeeping based onmelliferous resources and ambient temperatureVNKULAKOV AGMANNAPOV
Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosaceain Iraqi PatientsSAMER A DHAHER
Construction and Validation of Ayurveda Health Assessment Questionnaire(AHAQ) Based on Characteristics of Health (Arogya Linga) Mentioned by AcharyaKashyapa DR SAURABH AGRAWAL DRSHIVAKUMAR DRMBKAVITHA DRASHA KP
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Film Loaded with IbuprofenNanoparticlesVISHAL B RAWAL AFRASIM MOIN SUBHAM JAIN N AMIT B PATILMEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Orodispersible Tablets ContainsIbuprofen Loaded Microfiber for Better In-Vitro DissolutionSUBHAM JAIN N AFRASIM MOIN VISHAL B RAWAL AMIT B PATIL MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S DV GOWDA
Co-Amorphous Based Supersaturated Urea-Losartan Potassium TransdermalFormulation For HypertensionNANHI NANDINI AFRASIM MOIN ROHINI BHATTACHARYA MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISHBABU P NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Characterization and Formulation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System ofPiroxicamROHINI BHATTACHARYA AFRASIM MOIN NANHI NANDINI MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISH BABU P NITHIN KS D V GOWDA
Identifying gene clusters as signature biomarkers for predictingmethotrexate effectiveness and potential side effects during RheumatoidArthritis therapyANAS KHALEEL AFNAN MEQBEL ROWAN ALEJIELAT YAZAN SBATARSEH ABDALLAH A ELBAKKOUSH BAYAN Y GHANIM CRISTINA IBATARSEH NIDAL A QINNA
Recent Trends on Regulatory Aspects of Nanotechnology in IndianPharmaceutical MarketDAKA NAGARJUNA REDDY DR MAHAVEER SINGH DR BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVADR KONDA RAVI KUMAR
Toxicopathological And Biochemical Impacts Of 2378 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-
Dioxin ( TCDD ) On Liver Of Albino Male RatsANAS AHUMADI SAMER I SABEEH BUSHRA I AL-KAISEI ALI IBRAHIM ALI AL-EZZY
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Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
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Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
Assessment Of Drug Compliance And Targeted Pharmacist Intervention In AcuteIschemic Stroke PatientVARSHITHA NAKKA SUREKHA PUSAPATI AJAY MANUKONDA DR SKUMARAVELU VARA PRASAD SAKA
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Design And Development Of Gemcitabine Nanoemulsion For Pulmonary DeliveryMERRYL DrsquoSILVA AFRASIM MOIN RACHNAM KUMAR SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
Association of additive risk of INC I gene with the presence of Diabetes Type 1 andType 2AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Evaluating The Implementation Of The Quality Assurance Agencys Work ProgramAt STAI MU TanjungpinangRUDI HARTONO SYAMSUL BAHRI MAEMUNAH SArsquoDIYAH ENDIN MUJAHIDIN
Evaluation Of Implementation Of Village Middle Education And Training ProgramsIn Batam Health Training Centers (Bapelkes) In Batam City Province Of RiauIslandsENDIN MUJAHIDIN ASMALI RUDI HARTONO
Incidence and types of thyroid tumour in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditisHUSSAIN TAHER ALBAAJ AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
The gender traits of completed suicide committed in unlike periods of the ferganaZAYNITDIN GIYOSOV ULFIDDINKHON MAKHSUMKHONOV IBROKHIMBAKHRIEV SHOKIR BEKNAZAROV JAKHONGIR BEKNAZAROV
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Resolution of Disputes on Illegal Acts by the Authorities in IndonesiaKARTIKA WIDYA UTAMA YUDHITIYA DYAH SUKMADEWI YOS JOHAN UTAMAIRMA CAHYANINGTYAS
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Cross-sectional study of the association between polycystic ovarysyndrome and uterine septum anomaliesADNAN AH ALBDAIRI MOHEND AN AL-SHALAH
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Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
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Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
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P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
Characterization and Evaluation of combination of Aromatase InhibitorResveratrol and Docetaxel against ER positive cell lines MCF-7 and ER negativecell lines MDAMB231 in Breast CancerPREETI SINGH SHIV KR YADAV SATISH SARDANA UROOJ A KHAN RUPAGUPTA
Morphological and ITS Based Characterization of Some Important Fungi Isolatedfrom Desert Soil under Harsh environmentTHAMER HALBALAWI
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
The Clinical Cruciality of Resistin in the Emanation of Polycystic Ovary Syndromein Female Individuals and Its Prediction HAAEL SUBHI ABBAS
Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
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Juridical Study on the Dissolution of Religious Activities by CommunityOrganizationsIDIANTO NYOMAN SERIKAT PUTRA JAYA ASEP NANA MULYANA
Nurses Needs and Expectations after Natural Disasters Trauma Based on Valuesand CultureMUSTIKASARI HARIF FADHILLAH ANGGI PRATIWI RINA SETIANA NURSALAM
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A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
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Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERAL BYRAGI REDDY TSRAVANTHI KR PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of cadmium in Swiss albino micePRIYANKA DADUPANTHI SHILPA BHARGAVA
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Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
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Application of Strict Liability Concept to Companies that Commit Crimes ofEnvironmental DestructionARSHINTA FITRI DIYANI ARIEF HIDAYAT RETNO SARASWATI
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Hepatic Encephalopathy Precipitated By Sepsis and Outcome of Its ManagementANUSHA NARAYANAN RAMA P VENU RENJITHA BHASKARAN ROSHNI PR
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Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
Assessing Patient Satisfaction with Community Pharmacy Services in Yogyakarta
IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
Perception of Stroke Warning Symptoms in At-Risk Patients SOMSAK THOJAMPA SIRIKANOK KLANKHAJHON WUTTICHAI SAHATTECHOORAWAN PAIROJWOOTTIPONG JIRAPA JUNBUA
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Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Nanoemulsion Containing Mixed HerbalExtract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic RatsERINDYAH R WIKANTYASNING NURCAHYANTI WAHYUNINGTYAS SHARIDAFAKURAZI MUHAMMAD DArsquoI
The Effectiveness of Phosphate Solvent Rhizosphere Bacteria in Stimulating theGrowth of Rice PlantsA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI MASNIAWATI A YANI
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Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Film Loaded With Ibuprofen for BuccalDeliveryMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H AFRASIM MOIN SHAILESH T YASHAS M S AMIT BPATIL MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Reconstruction of Social Support Approach Model for Tuberculosis PatientsABDHADY J ANDI AGUSTANG ARLIN ADAM HARIANI AMBO UPE INDAH AINUNMUTIARA
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Active Cycle of Breathing to Respiratory Rate in Patients with Lung TuberculosisDIAN ARIF WAHYUDI ADHESTY NOVITA XANDA NIKEN SUKESI LINDA PUSPITAPSIARI KUSUMA WARDANI EVA YURLINA DWI OKTARIYANI HAMID MUKHLIS
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Improving Management Effectiveness by Strengthening TransformationalLeadership Self Efficacy and Learning Organization in Covid-19 PandemicJOKO TRIMULYO SOEWARTO HARDHIENATA WIDODO SUNARYO MZAINAL ARIFIN
Improvement of Professional Commitments by Strengthening AchievingMotivation in Covid-19 EraTAUFIK THAMRIN ABDULLAH SRI SETYANINGSIH M ZAINAL ARIFIN
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Physicochemical Characterization Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities ofConjugated Chitosan-Ferulic Acid on Various Radical Initiators SystemKHOIRUN NISA MUSLIH ANWAR NURINA INDIRAYATI WIDA BANARKUSUMANINGRUM
TLC Bioautography In Vitro Antiradical and Antioxidant Activities of LeavesExtract of Bauhinia Acuminata Linn (Caesalpiniaceae)SUDIPTA CHAKRABORTY NN BALA SUDIPTA DAS
PCOD Overview A Journey from Ayurveda to AllopathyNAYANA KALE DEEPAL TAANK HARSHADA KADAM GAURI KAPHARE SWATITALELE ANIL JADHAV
In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Hofbauer Cells and Nuclear Factor of Kappa Beta on Rats Placenta that BlackCarbon ExposureWAHYU HARGIYANTO VISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN WIDJIATI WIDJIATI EPYMUHAMMAD LUQMAN
Cost of Illness Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in IndonesiaYUNITA NITA DIAS PUTRI WARDANASARI DIVA ARIADNE CERELIA FITRINURMALASARI TUTUT DWI CAHYATI ABDUL RAHEM LIZA PRISTIANTYMUFARRIHAH
The effect of learning methods age and vital capacity of the lungs on thelearning outcomes of 50 meter breaststroke swimming skillsSUKIRI RAMDAN PELANA YUSMAWATI OMAN UNJU SUBANDI ABDULKHOLIK EKAFITRI
Identification of Lead Compounds from Plant Secondary Metabolites to TargetNon-Structural Protein (Ns5) of Dengue Virus by Insilico MethodARUNYA M SIMYA R SIVASANKARI M ARUL JAYANTHI A
Detection of Kaposirsquos Associated Herpesvirus in Saliva of Drug RelatedImmunosupressed PatientSHATHA F ABDULLAH SAMARA MOWAFFAQ ALI
Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
Design Development And Evaluation Of Antidiabetc Matrix Tablets Using NaturalAnd Synthetic PolymersHIMABINDU PEDDAPALLI MADHURIKA SIRIGADI MD FAHEEMUDDINRAMKOTESWARA RAO AMARA ANANDA KUMAR CHETTUPALLI
Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Evaluation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing amine fluoride on gingivalstatus - a clinical investigationMUNAZ MULLA MUSHIR MULLA RAJESH KASHYAP SHASHIKANTH HEGDE ARUNKUMAR MAIYA MYTHRI SARPANGALA FAZLUR RAHMAN SAYED
Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
Implementation of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Lung Tuberculosis UsingFuzzy TsukamotoDAHLAN ABDULLAH
Development of urban agglomeration under the influence of driving forcesSHVETS IYU IRINA SHVETS
Effect of Ethanol n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Marsilea crenata PreslLeaves on ERszlig Expressions of Neurons in Estrogen-Deficient Female MiceMANGESTUTIAGIL HENINGLASWATI NENY PURWITASARI RADELLA AULIAADITYARA FRISCHA AYU WIDIASARI
Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
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Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
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Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
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Formulation and Evaluation of BILAYR Floating Tablet of LevetiracetamHAMAD KADHUM MAARIZ WEDAD K ALI FATIMA A TWFEEQ
Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
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Role of Toxoplasmosis in the Elevation of Microrna-22 Levels With AbortionBASHEER ABD NASRALLA
Design a Diagnostic Kit for Molecular Identification of Helicobacter pyloriHANEEN B AL-WAELI DHAFAR N AL-UGAILI ZAINAB SH KHALAF
E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
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027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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04
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12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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A clinical study to evaluate the effect of Ardhamatrik Niruha Basti amp BalaTaila Sneha Basti in the management of Vatarakta wsr to GoutMAITREE PATEL LAL RAVI SAHU PARAPPAGOUDRA M RAVI PANDYA
Efficcacy of Tagetes erecta Linn leaf extract cream on rat dermal wound healing MAURITIUS LAMBERTUS EDY PARWANTO DAVID TJAHYADI HOSEA JAYA EDY
Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on oral health related quality oflifeTHANISH AHAMEDS ARVINA RAJASEKAR
Women Decision for the Post COVID 19 Era An Action to call from Delhi-NCR IndiaDRNITIN GIRDHARWAL DR MRINAL VERMA
Evaluation of the effect of 1 Metformin Gel coating on theosseointegration achieved around dental implants using bone mineraldensity and radiofrequency analysis- A clinical and three-dimensionalradiographic studyHIMANI SHARMA ANAMIKA SHARMA SWATI GUPTA APOORVA MOWARCHANDAN KUSUM
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Multi-Machine Learning Binary Classification Feature Selection and ComparisonTechnique for Predicting Death Events Related to Heart DiseaseRITU AGGRAWAL SAURABH PAL
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Coronavirus disease (covid-19) outbreak in india DANIEL FRANCIS SELVARAJ BALAKRISHNAN S MANOPAUL P
Analysis of egg consumption in palu and sigi district communitiesKETUT SUARAYASA JULIUS SUGIHARTO SAIRAMA SARAGIH VITA ARISTYANITABERTIN AYU WANDIRA
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Combined With Multivariate Calibration forAnalysing Caffeine Nicotinamide and Pyridoxine In Simulated EnergyDrinks MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Online and conventional learning as viewed by students from pharmacy ELHAM ALSHAMMARI EMAN ALOTAIBI
New facile technique for estimation of piroxicam in bulk drugKAMAL SHAH GAURAV KRISHNA JEETENDRA KUMAR GUPTA
Oral Health Condition and Physical Activity of Children in COVID-19Pandemic NANDA RACHMAD PUTRA GOFUR AISYAH RACHMADANI PUTRI GOFURSOESILANINGTYAS RIZKI NUR RACHMAN PUTRA GOFUR MEGA KAHDINAHERNALIA MARTIDAL PUTRI
Physiological mechanisms for maintaining health in ontogenesisINMEDVEDEV DMPRAVDOV OAKOZLYATNIKOV NMLAPINASVPERSHIKOV VISHARAGIN
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Paclitaxel byHydrotropy Technique SYEDA SHABANA SULTANA DRKAPPANNA CHOWDARY DRSUMER SINGH
Implementation of code stroke protocol in acute ischemic stroke at ahospital in Aceh Indonesia SYAHRUL SYAHRUL ENDANG MUTIAWATI IMRAN IMRAN SUHERMANSUHERMAN NOVA DIAN LESTARI FARIDA FARIDA NURUL FAJRI NURULHUDA
Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria In Phthisio-Pulmonological Practice In TheRepublic Of Uzbekistan NARGIZA PARPIEVA SANJAR SULTANOV MUHABBAT DZHURABAEVAEKATERINA ANVAROVA BABAMATOVA KHILOLA MUKHAMEDOV KOZIM
Simple New Colorimetric Method Development for the Estimation of FlupirtineMaleate in Bulk and in Pharmaceutical dosage Form PVDUSE KGBAHETI
Collaboration Between Interprofessional Healthcare and Patients to ImproveQuality of Life Type 2 Diabetes via Smartphone Application LUSY NOVIANI AJENG DIANTINI ANAS SUBARNAS
The impact of exogenous and endogenous factors on the stomach wall macro-microscopic anatomy of newborn white ratsSHUKHRAT JTESHAYEV DILSHOD KKHUDOYBERDIYEV SALIM SDAVLATOV
Morphometric characteristics of parts of rat kidney nephron in normal andunder the influence of an antiseptician - facility 2 road stimulator on thebackground of chronic radiating disease
JURAT JBAKHRONOV SHUKHRAT JTESHAEV MUSHARRAF SSHODIEVA
Clinical Course Of Purulent Soft Tissue Diseases On The Background OfDiabetes Mellitus And Diffusive Toxic GoiterBAKODIR BSAFOYEV OBIDMKURBANOV MALOHAT SSHAROPOVA
Evaluating Glycemic Response to Lidocaine with Two DifferentVasoconstrictors in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Tooth ExtractionCrossover Randomized Clinical StudyFERAS SULAIMAN NURALDEEN MAHER AL-KHANATI BASSEL BRAD RUBAJUMAA
Clinical and Angiocalibrometric Changes of Retina Vessels in Patients withIdiopathic RetinovasculitisUSENKO VALENTINA UMETALIEVA MAANA GENTSELMAN DMITRY
Assessment of Erythropoietin Levels and Correlation with Cytokines inPatients with Chronic Heart Failure GADAEV AG TURAKULOVRI QURBONOV AK SABIROV MASAYFULLAYEV MB GADAEVA NA
Nano Sponges for The Enhancement of Topical Sustained Delivery ofTerbinafine HClVISHAL B RAWAL PREETHI S ANANYA K V AMIT B PATIL DV GOWDA
A Novel Validated Gradient Hplc Method For Analysing Axitinib And Their ProcessRelated Impurities By Pda DetectionSHYAMALA DASHOK PSHYAM
Impact of drug information services on patient safety at East Jeddah Hospital inSaudi Arabia a retrospective studyAYED AALKATHEERI YOUSEF MALJOHANI AHMAD AALSHAMRANI MANE ALSALIM NARDEEN BAKHEET AKRAM AALSALMI YAHYA AALZAHRANI
A QbD based study in development optimization and forced degradationbehaviour of Epinastine Hydrochloride in Metered dose inhaler by RP-HPLC BIKASH RANJANJENA SIVA PRASAD PANDA UMASANKAR KULANDAIVELURAJASEKHAR REDDY ALAVALA GSNKOTESWARA RAO SURYAKANTA SWAINDEBASHISHGHOSE DEBI PRASAD PRADHAN
Medical and social problems of the development of congenitalmalformations during a pandemicDILNOZA SHKUDRATOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIMSDAVLATOV
Pathomorphological characteristics of the vaginal mucosa in experimentalnotspecific vaginitis and various methods of treatmentFERUZA SHORIPOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIM SDAVLATOV
Legislation Procedures of Forming Regional Regulations and Its Implication onthe Politics of Law in IndonesiaLITA TYESTA ALW AMALIA DIAMANTINA
Effect of Passive Smoking on Low Birth Weight (Lbw) Incidence inIndonesia Analysis of Riskesdas Data In 2018 WULAN SARI RASNA GIRI SEMBIRING BESRAL MILLA HERDAYATI
Study The Antibacterial Activity Of Uwi Sap (Dioscorea AlataL) Extracts FromIndonesia In Damaging Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Cells ANURFITRIANI META MAHENDRADATTA AMRAN LAGA ZAINAL
Prevalence of Depression and Its Determinant Among Diabetic Patients ASystematic Review from Southeast Asia CountriesNOVITA DHEWI IKAKUSUMAWATI SUSI ARI KRISTINA ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Isolation and Characterization of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and ProducingIAA (Indole Acetic Acid) From Rice Rhizosphere from The Soppeng RegencyA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI4AND MASNIAWATI
3D Printing in Pharmaceutics Role of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in DrugDeliveryAHMED MSHKARA MOWAFAQ MGHAREEB
A Prospective study to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling in improvinginhaler device technique in COPD patients using MDI with spacer and MDIETHIRAJAN NANDAGOPAL M SUMITHRA N MEENAKSHI
Comparative In Vitro Anticancer Study Of 4-Thiazolidinone Scaffold BearingThiadiazole Moiety Derived from Phenolic AldehydesNEETU CHOPRA SANDEEP JAIN NAVIDHA AGGARWAL
The Severe Varicella Zoster Infection with Kidney Transplant Patient UsingImmunosuppressantMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RIA BANDIARA RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDOLUBIS ENITA RAKHMAWATI KURNIAATMAJA HENDRA WANA NURrsquoAMINRULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAH ROESLI
Classifications of Eye InjuriesINDIAMINOV SAYIT INDIAMINOVICH DAVRANOVA AZIZA ERKINOVNA
Preparation Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation of Erlotinib Gellan Beads SOUMIYA SUKUMAR SANTHIAGU AROCKIASAMY MANJUSHA CHEMMATTUMOOTHONA
Personalized medicine A Review on scope and its pitfall VEERAPPAN MUTHUSAMY ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Inhibition of Osteoporosis by Endophytes ndash A Computational ApproachDRSDAISYLIN ANBU SUJITHA CHELLAM JAYNTHY
Awareness of breast cancer and Breast Self-Examination among female Pharmacyprofessionals in BengaluruAPOORVA DEVM DRGITHA KISHORE
Quality by Design Approach For Formulation Optimization of Ethosomal VesicularCarrier of CurcuminVISHAL KAPOOR SHAILESH JAIN
Assistance on post market examination and Reporting of problemsassociated with In-vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices under current healthemergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in India SELLA SENTHIL M SRUTHI N ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Problem Focused Coping and Parental Stress in The Autonomy of Oral Self-care for Down Syndrome ChildrenSITI FITRIA ULFAH TRI WAHONO AGUS MARJIANTO
Impact of a pharmacist-led asthma and COPD respiratory clinic in a hospitalsettingELHAM ALSHAMMARI NADA ALSALEH
Scereening Of Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to increaselocal aromatic rice plant growthSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDRABDUL RAHIM SALEH
Thyroid Hormones Profile In Patients with Alopecia Areata A Single Center Study MOHAMMAD SHAHATHA NAYAF AHMED ABDUL-AZIZ AHMED HAYDER SAADAHMED WISAM SUHAIL NAJEM
Redesign of the Legislative Function of the Regional Representative Councilof the Republic of Indonesia to Strengthen Regional AutonomyZULFAN RETNO SARASWATI SUKIRNO NABITATUS SArsquoADAH
Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending as a Breakthrough in the Acquisition of SMECapital in Indonesia ERY AGUS PRIYONO MUHAMAD AZHAR
Spatial Zoning and Community Partnership on the Development of Coastaland Marine Resources in Tourism Spots of Bali and LombokANA SILVIANA MIRA NOVANA ARDANI MAUVAL NOVARAHMAN SATRIA
Ventral dartos flap in second layer of hypospadias prospective studyJIHAD ANAD KHALEF CABU FIBMS
Determination of Fruit Ripeness Formulations and Sterilisation Processes toImprove the Quality of Crude Palm Oil ADI RUSWANTO ARI HANDONO RAMELAN IDA BAGUS BANYURO PARTHADANAR PRASEPTIANGGA
Classification and prediction of patin fish oilrsquos antioxidant activities fromdifferent origins using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometricsANGGITA ROSIANA PUTRI ABDUL ROHMAN SUGENG RIYANTOWIDIASTUTI SETYANINGSIH
Effectiveness of Binahong Leaves (Anredera Cordifolia) And Vitamin E as HerbalAnti-Inflammatory in Rats (Rattus Novergicus) Acute Metritis Based on CD4Levels and T LymphocytesVISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN LISTYA PUTRI HANDAYANI GALUH CHANDRAAGUSTINA YUDIT OKTANELLA DESI WULANSARI
Cinnamon Leaf Extract to Control Anthracnose Disease on Chilli Plants inBali A Novel and New Potential ANAK AGUNG KETUT DARMADI NI LUH SURIANI IDA BAGUS GEDEDARMAYASA IDA BAGUS MADE SUASKARA NI MADE GARI AHMADFUDHOLI
Assessment OF Serum 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA)Reducates and Liver X Receptor As Predictor For Liver DiseasesANTESAR RHEEM OBEAD ANMAR HAMEED BLOH HAIDER RASOL ABBASSALWAHAMI
Gaps In The Publicrsquos Awareness And Protective Practices During PivotalTime Of COVID-19 Pandemic A Survey From IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA MAWARDI IHSAN
The Effects Of Eleutherine Palmifolia On Depression Behavior Mda BdnfSerotonin And Norepinefrin Levels In A Rat Model Of DepressionSHERLY LIMANTARA MASRUROH RAHAYU NOORHAMDANI MOCH ISTIADJIDEDDY SANTOSO
Association of Medication Adherence with Quality of Life and TreatmentSatisfaction Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients ALEENA ANDREW SARA JOSE SUDHA M VENKATESWARAMURTHY NSAMBATH KUMAR R SHANMUGASUNDARAM R
Comparative Study of Entropy Module and Titrated Doses of Propofol ForInduction of AnaesthesiaDRPREETHI DHAMOTHARAN MBBS DRSONAL BHAT DRSHAILA S KAMATH
Identification of Phenolic Compound from Active Subfraction Of BaccaureaRacemosa Pulp by High Resolution Mass SpectrometryLINA PERMATASARI SUGENG RIYANTO ABDUL ROHMAN
Efficacy of Escitalopram versus Desvenlafaxine in Treatment of DepressionA Comparative Study from a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital DR SAIKIRAN PASUPULA DR MOUNICA YEDLAPALLI DR RAJESWARIPASUPULA DR SAKA MEGHANA DR SURESH KUMAR KOTA
Effect of seed priming with polyamines on Barley(Hordeum Vulgare L) WARQAA MUHAMMED SHARIFF AL-SHEIKH
Cinnamaldehydersquos Potential Inhibitory Effect towards Planktonic and Biofilm ofOral BacteriaDIYAH TRI UTAMI SYLVIA UTAMI TUNJUNG PRATIWI TETIANA HANIASTUTITRIANA HERTIANI
Antimicrobial Activity of Oleuropine and Thyme Extracts Against SelectedPathogenic Microorganisms and their Potential Uses as NaturalPreservativesYOUSEF SAHOURY HANI NASEEF MOHAMMAD FARRAJ MOAMMAL QURTLINA EL- KHAIRY
Free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract and compoundsisolated from stems of Etlingera rubroloba AD PoulsenASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
Ocular Complications in Type 1 DiabetesANAHITA ZAKERI HABIB OJAGHI MANOUCHEHR IRANPARVAR ALAMDARIFIROUZ AMANI MONIR SHOAA TELMA ZAHIRIAN MOGHADAM
The Outcome of Partial Arthroplasty for Treatment of Type 1 IntertrochantericFractures in Iraqi Elderly PatientsRAAD JAWAD KADHIM
Laparoscopic and Open Burch Colposuspension For Stress Urinary IncontinenceAdvantages DisadvantagesAHMED ALI OBAID SHIREN ALI AL-HAMZAWI AHMED ABDUL AMEER ALWAN
The Protective Effect of Boswellia Against Carbimazole Incuced Reanl AndHepatic Toxicity on Male RatsAMAL UMRAN MOSA IMAN HUSSEIN NASER BAN HOSHI KHALAF
Synthesis of Some Azetidinone Derivatives Containing Ciprofloxacin MoietyFADHIL DKHALID AYAD SHAMAD RABIHA HSALEH MAHA MSALIH
Development of Oral Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) OfRosuvastatin Calcium Formulation Characterization And In-Vitro Drug ReleaseStudyADNAN BURHAN QADER AHMED ABBAS HUSSEIN
Descriptive Study of Hemophilia Persons Life and Care in AldiwanyahProvinceIraqABDULAZIZ WANNAS ABD SUZAN SABBAR MUTLAG
How Do Hereditary and Parents Influence the Trend of Drug Use in HighSchool Students in Banda Aceh Multiple Logistic RegressionTALAMSYAH HIZIR SOFYAN HERU SANTOSA HAJJUL KAMIL DEWIMARIANTHI
The Influence of Cigarette Smoking in Immunoglobulin-E and Interleukin-33 Levelsin Iraqi SmokersSHEREEN AL-ALI
Study the Antibiotics Activity Against Escherichia Coli Isolated from UrineSamples of Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract InfectionEHSAN FHUSSEIN JABBAR AAMEEN SALAH HYASSEN
Serum Hepcidin And Ferritin Level Changes In Iraqi Adult Patients With Non-Transfusion Dependent Beta-Thalassemia Major And IntermediaEHAM AMER ALI ALI ABDULATEAF ALBAYATI SAHAR ABDULWAHAB ALSHABANKHITAM ALI ALTHAMER
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Elderly Population in BasrahGovernorate A Retrospective StudyZAINAB ABDULKAREEM MAKTOOF OULA FOUAD HAMEED SHATHAKHHUSSAIN
Incisional Hernia Different Approaches The Defect Size Is the RefereeADIL SHAKER AL TAMIMI ISRAA ABDUL WAHED DHEEB
Molecular Identification of Fusarium Brachygibbosum And Some Isolates ofTrichoderma SppALI AODEH RAJAA GABDALMOOHSIN AQEEL NAL-ABEDY
Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in FemaleGenital TractMUSTAFA SALAM ABDULKHALEQ NOAMAN MUTHANA ABDULKADERALMAHDAWY
Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Women in Diyala Governorate by UsingAmsels Criteria and Nugents ScoresZUHAIR HASSAN ALWAN MUTHANNA AL-MAHDAWI SHAYMAA MOHAMMEDALWAN
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)
SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI H MEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Nature of oral cancer progression according to gender evaluation throughmetastasis and recurrence - A Single University StudySINDHU PRIYA KUPPUSAMY SUNDARA MURTHY DRMAHATHINDRSURESH
Prevalence of class I occlusion in mixed dentitionNIVETHA G ARVIND S
Age and gender related distribution of patients undergoing maxillary thirdmolar extractionsSAM JOHN KOSHY MADHULAXMI M SIVAKUMAR M
Knowledge attitude and awareness of platelet rich fibrin among dentalstudents in chennaiABHISHEK NARAM MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW DEEPAK S
Evaluation of the awareness of gingival recession amongst patients whounderwent root coverage treatment - A retrospective studyVUNNAM SRI SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
Assessment of impacted third molars in patients with temporomandibulardisordersJAYA KEERTHANA S SREEDEVI DHARMAN MARAGATHAVALLIG
Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
Prevalence of Patients Seeking Aesthetic Treatment Options inOrthodontics - A Retrospective Study MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL M NAVEEN KUMAR
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Evaluation of Patients Reporting with Burning Sensation and Non-SpecificClinical Findings to Department of Oral MedicineABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Assessment of Effectiveness of Local Anesthesia with And WithoutAdrenaline in Patients with Cardiac DisordersMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARYMANJARI
Anemia as An Etiological Agent for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ARetrospective StudyMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARY MANJARI
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
Association Between Angles Class Ii Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease - ARetrospective StudyKARTHIGA DEVI GANGA MOORTHY JAIGANESH RAMAMURTHY PRADEEPDHASARATHAN
Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment of Dental Management of Mentally Challenged Patients Treatedin Special Care Dentistry in A Hospital Setting- Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Prevalence of White Spot Lesions in Patients Treated with Fixed OrthodonticAppliancesAMINA MEHRIN BANO SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Awareness And Knowledge About Pharmacotherapy Of Angular Cheilitis AmongUg Dental Students In Private Dental College ChennaiVINAYA SWETHAT DRDEEPIKA RAJENDRAN DRKIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
A Retrospective Study On Evaluation Of Patients With Recurrent AphthousStomatitisREVATHIB DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI HMEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
passifloraceae in the treatment of neurasthenia HUYNH TAN HOI
Prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute st- elevation myocardialinfarctionDRATPARDESI DRDILIP PPATIL DRRAHUL PATIL DRMAKARAND BMANE
A study to determine angiographic findings in patients of acute coronarysyndrome at teaching HospitalDRMRSPATIL SHILPA DRMRSPATANGE APARNA DRMRSVASANT DEOKARDRMRSKAPALE RJ DRMRS PUJARI BHUPAL
Effect of iron deficiency anemia on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values innon-diabetesDRDANIEL PJHON DRJABBAR DESAI DRAMIT PORWAL DRMRSKAPALE RJDRUTMANE
A study of microalbuminuria in newly detected hypertensive individuals in tertiarycare centreDRSSKULKARNI DRUTMANE DRPUJARI BHUPAL DRRAHUL SPATIL
Chemometrics-Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Paracetamol and Tramadol in Divided Powder DosageFormDINA CHRISTIN AYUNING PUTRI MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUSDIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds inWistar Albinos ratsFATIMA EL KAMARI HASSAN LAAROUSSI DRISS OUSAAID YASSINE EL ATKIAMAL TAROQ IMANE AOUAM BADIAA LYOUSSI ABDELFATTAH ABDELLAOUI
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
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Potential Immunomodulator Fraction Fruit Of Etlingera rubroloba AD PoulsenAgainst Macrophage Phagocytosis And Interleukin-12 Levels In BCG-StimulatedBalbC Mice MUHAMMAD ILYAS Y AJENG DIANTINI ELI HALIMAH RIEZKI AMALIAMOHAMMAD GHOZALI EUIS JULAEHA
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Knowledge attitude in handling medical emergencies among clinical dentalstudents an institutional surveyNAGALAXMI HYMAVATHI CHINTALAPATI DONDAPATI SIVA PRASAD SRINIVASRAVOORI SURESH CHAND YADDANAPALLI PARVEEN SULTANA SHAIKNIJAMPATNAM MADHU PAVANI
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SARS-CoV-2 TRAUMA HANDLING AND HAZARD RESCUE THROUGH MACHINELEARNINGBALAKRISHNAN S MSYED SHAHUL HAMEED SHAMEER MOHAMMED SHIMAZKHAN SHAIK ASWIN G
A Retrospective Qualitative Study on Pharmacotherapeutic Management ofCoronary Artery Disease Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Discussion onComprehensive Role of Clinical Pharmacist In Clinical PracticeABHARATH KUMAR MSUMASHANKAR
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Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
Metal complexes with heteroscorpionate ligand founded on the pyridinaminegroup cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor antimicrobial antioxidant and in vitrocytotoxicity notional studiesAESHAH MUHANA MOHAMMED REHAB KADHEM RAHEM AL-SHEMARY
Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
Assessment Of Drug Compliance And Targeted Pharmacist Intervention In AcuteIschemic Stroke PatientVARSHITHA NAKKA SUREKHA PUSAPATI AJAY MANUKONDA DR SKUMARAVELU VARA PRASAD SAKA
Intermittent dosing of isotretinoinNADA ALSALEH ELHAM ALSHAMMARI
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Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk) A Rich Extract Loaded Floating MicroballoonsAdvance Therapy to Treat and Manage Gastric UlcerRANJITHA M UMA NITHYASHREE RS SHOUVIK KUMAR D SASIPRIYA SVSTANMOY GHOSH KAMATCHI SUNDARA SARAVANAN MOHAMMAD AZAMTHULLA
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Design And Development Of Gemcitabine Nanoemulsion For Pulmonary DeliveryMERRYL DrsquoSILVA AFRASIM MOIN RACHNAM KUMAR SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
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Incidence and types of thyroid tumour in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditisHUSSAIN TAHER ALBAAJ AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
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Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
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Gene therapy by studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism(rs11886868 amp rs766432) at the BcL11A gene on the severity of beta-thalassemiadisease in the province of AL-NajafHANAN A ABLAA WISAM NAJI ATIYAH AL-MEHANA IBTIHAL KAREEM MAHDITHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN
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GC-MS profiling of white and pink flowers of Catharanthus roseus grown underharsh environmentPRAVEJ ALAM
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Some Aspects of Modeling in the Study of COVID-19 DataSYED KHALID MUSTAFA VYACHESLAV LYASHENKO NAMEER AHAMADMOHAMMAD REHAN AJMAL MAYAZ AHMAD
Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
Design and Evaluation of Solid Self-Emulsifying IBUPROFEN Pellets withCommercial Available IBUPROFEN TabletsKALAISELVI R CSAI KISHAN KOWSALYA N AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAHDVGOWDA
Relationship among Scrotal Size Body Weight and Feedstuffs of Bali Cattle BullProductivityABYADUL FITRIYAH MULYOTO PANGESTU SUPRIYONO ABDUL FATTAH
Prevalence of Dental Erosion and Associated Risk Factors among SchoolChildren aged 6 to 10 years A Cross-Sectional StudyDR PRIYANKA DANTHAM DR HEMA MANVI BADI DR SIVAKUMAR NUVVULA
Core-Shell Nanoparticle Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Hyaluronic Acid asAbsorbable Dressing Based Hydrogel Post-Gingivectomy A ReviewMARTINING SHOFFA PUSPITANINGRUM MOHAMMAD ALI MAKSUM DEVY PUTRIKUSUMAWARDHANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA
An Overview of Buccal Drug Delivery SystemRENU MISHRA DRSUSHMA VERMA
Maternal Factors Affecting the Incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) inIndonesiaMIFTAHUL ARSYI BESRAL
Interrelation of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors as a Predictor of EarlyClinical Prediction of Schizophrenia with Paroxysmal CourseMARK LAZAREVICH AGRANOVSKIY MAHFUZA ALIMOVNA DOLIMOVAABDURAHMON ALISHEROVICH MIRZAEV SHAVKAT KHABIBULLAYEVAISLAMOVABDUVOHID HATAMOVICH KARIMOV
Synthesis Characterization of Diazepine-Bicycles System and Study of their Bio-BehaviorDR NAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI RABAB MAHDI UBAID MAHMOOD
Chalcone-Heterocyclic Derivatives (Synthesis Spectral Identification MicrobialEvaluation)HUTHAM ABD ALI ABD AL HUSSAIN DRNAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI
Strengthening of Social Capital through Penta Helix Model in HandlingCovid-19 PandemicAMBO UPE ZULHAM IBRAHIM MUHAMMAD ARSYAD ADI SUMANDIYARARYUNI SALPIANA JABAR
A Novel Biometric Recognition System for FingerprintUsing Polar HarmonicTransformANLI SHERINE DRGENO PETER
Henry Girouxs Progressive Educational thought in the Perspective of EducationalPhilosophyNUR KHASANAH FATAH SYUKUR ABDUL WAHIB ACHMAD IRWAN HAMZANIHAVIS ARAVIK
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Wearing Compression Shorts on Reduced Lactate Accumulation FollowingStrenuous Exercise From Basketball-Specific Fatigue Program in Elite MaleBasketball PlayersTAWATCHAI PLOYDANG SOMPOL SANGUANRUNGSIRIKUL WILAI ANOMASIRI
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
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P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
Characterization and Evaluation of combination of Aromatase InhibitorResveratrol and Docetaxel against ER positive cell lines MCF-7 and ER negativecell lines MDAMB231 in Breast CancerPREETI SINGH SHIV KR YADAV SATISH SARDANA UROOJ A KHAN RUPAGUPTA
Morphological and ITS Based Characterization of Some Important Fungi Isolatedfrom Desert Soil under Harsh environmentTHAMER HALBALAWI
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
The Clinical Cruciality of Resistin in the Emanation of Polycystic Ovary Syndromein Female Individuals and Its Prediction HAAEL SUBHI ABBAS
Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
The Potential Effect of Metformin Therapy on Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio inPatients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus A New HorizonMOHANAD ADEL MOHAMMED NAWAR R HUSSIEN MARWA S AL-NIEMIHAYDER M ALKURAISHY
Juridical Study on the Dissolution of Religious Activities by CommunityOrganizationsIDIANTO NYOMAN SERIKAT PUTRA JAYA ASEP NANA MULYANA
Nurses Needs and Expectations after Natural Disasters Trauma Based on Valuesand CultureMUSTIKASARI HARIF FADHILLAH ANGGI PRATIWI RINA SETIANA NURSALAM
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicansfrom Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
Efficiency of Ohmic heating for Microbial inactivation in Mango (Mangifera indicaL) pulp APARAJITA PRIYADARSHINI KALPANA RAYAGURU PRAKASH KUMAR NAYAKCHANDRASHREE LENKA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERAL BYRAGI REDDY TSRAVANTHI KR PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of cadmium in Swiss albino micePRIYANKA DADUPANTHI SHILPA BHARGAVA
Response of blood groups to COVID-19 infection TAMER I ABDEL-WAHAB SHERIF I ABDEL-WAHAB EMAN I ABDEL-WAHABMANAL MADEL
Trends in Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Linezolid and Tigecycline onVarious Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusAYESHA FIRDOSE ASHWINI HEGDE SEVITHA BHAT ARCHANA BHATRADHAKRISHNA M
The Anti-apoptotic Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Effects of Ranolazine onRenal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Adult Male Rats LAMAAN MABBAS AHMED MABDUL HAMEED WEAAM JABBAS MAYSABDULSATAR NAJAH RHADI
Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
Effect of Long Exposure Against Quantity and Quality of DNA in ToothpickSamples as an Alternative for Individual IdentificationBETA NOVIA RIZKY MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA AMIATUN RUTH AHMADYUDIANTO
Application of Strict Liability Concept to Companies that Commit Crimes ofEnvironmental DestructionARSHINTA FITRI DIYANI ARIEF HIDAYAT RETNO SARASWATI
Development of Bank Secrecy Principle Regulations to Uncover Crimes andIncrease State Revenue in IndonesiaDHIAN INDAH ASTANTI AGA NATALIS
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Chili Peppers Extract Could Prevent Kidney Stone IncidenceANAS KHALEEL TALAL SALEM AL-QAISI ABDALLAH AHMED ELBAKKOUSHMOHAMMAD NIAZI HUSNI S FARAH KHALED ABDUL-AZIZ AHMED RAFATABUTALEB
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Detection of Kaposirsquos Associated Herpesvirus in Saliva of Drug RelatedImmunosupressed PatientSHATHA F ABDULLAH SAMARA MOWAFFAQ ALI
Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
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Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
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The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
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Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
Biological activities of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub flowers on skin carecosmeticsNARIN KAKATUM YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
Development and Validation of Absorbance Subtraction Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Atorvastatin Calcium and Sildenafil Using UV SpectrophotometerSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation ofAtorvastatin Calcium and SildenafilSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
Study the Incidence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among PregnantWomen in Basrah-IraqISMAAL JMIA ABAS SHEREEN AL-ALI
Stability of Dexamethasone Oral Liquid FormulationsMALATHE A ALSHAWI NAWAR ADDAI MOHAMMED SATTAR MAZIN N MOUSABADER S ALABDULLAH
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
Diagnosis of Rota Virus Infection in Mosul Pediatric Hospitals UsingImmunological and Molecular MethodsJALAL MOHAMMED ZUHDI JALAL ANWAR SALIH SAIHOOD AREEJ SALIHSAIHOOD
Detection of lead in soil and Ziziphusspina-christi in Mosul city northern of IraqIYAD ABID ALMUHSIN AHMED HUSEEIN REYAM NAJI AJMI ESTABRAQMOHAMMED ATI3 HUDA FAROOQ ZAKI
Formulation and Evaluation of BILAYR Floating Tablet of LevetiracetamHAMAD KADHUM MAARIZ WEDAD K ALI FATIMA A TWFEEQ
Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
Cloning of Anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Nanobody Gene bypComb3xss Vector into ER2738 Bacterial SystemRANA SH ISMAIL AWATIF H ISSA ABDULELAH A ALMAYAH MAHMOUD GANJI
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E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
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Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Dear Ahmad
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A Cross Sectional Study on Stress Among Medical Students of Kolhapur City ofMaharashtra Study on stress among medical studentsDRJEEVANKUMAR UYADAV DRDEEPMALA JYADAV
Nanocatalytic Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated Using CamelliaSinensis (Linn) Tender Leaf Extract and Their CharacterizationKRISHNAKUMAR S BETHANNEY JANNEY J SINDU DIVAKARAN LUMENCHRISTY V PRAKASH WILLIAMS G
Calcium Hydroxide Upregulates Interleukin-10 Expression in TimeDependent Exposure and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation of HumanUmbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells ERIC PRIYO PRASETYO MEFINA KUNTJORO FEBRIASTUTI CAHYANISETYABUDI GOENHARTO WIDYA SARASWATI DEVI EKA JUNIARTI NIKEHENDRIJANTINI NINUK HARIYANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA FEDIKABDUL RANTAM
Study of School Entomology Factors on The Impact of Behavioral Changes(Combi) Of the Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in ElementarySchool ChildrenASRIWATI AMIRAH ISMAIL EFENDY ARIFAH DEVI FITRIANI ENDANG
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Cefotaxime DerivativesWASFI AL-MASOUDI RITA S ADAM SAMAR S GHAZI
Authentication Analysis of Snakehead Fish Oil Using Combination of FTIRSpectra and ChemometricsFELLA SYIFA IRNAWATI ALDI BUDI RIYANTA ABDUL ROHMAN
Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus Among Rural Population in IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA FARRAS AMSI SALSABILA SUCI HANIFAH
Evaluation of Different Prepared Binary Systems for DifferentPharmaceutical ApplicationsOMAR YMADY AHMED ADONIA ESMAT ZEIN EL-DEEN SOAAD AHMED
Anti-Inflammatory And Toxicity Studies Of Substituted HydrazinePyrazolone DerivativesSINDHU E ROOPA P NAYAK PREMA SALDANHA DARSHAN RAJ C GSHASHIDHARA KS
Qualitative Analysis and In-Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of Cleome GynandraStemANANDARAJAGOPAL KALUSALINGAM NASYIKA SAMSUDIN ABDULLAH KHANKRUPAVARAM BETHALLA VIJAY KOTRA KAI BIN LIEW MEI JUN LOY SIEW MEIYEE
Adenine Used as Agent Induced of Chronic Kidney Disease Accompanied Anemiafor Rats and rHuEPO-alpha on MgO Nanoparrticles as Drug Delivery in vivo studyAMEER SULTAN ASMA HADI MOHAMMED FATIN FADHEL MOHAMMED AL-KAZAZSHAIMAA HAMED JABER
Social Function of Land and Legal Protection for Communities in Accessing theRight for RoadLATANIA TRIRAMDHANI SIYED ABDUL RAHMAN BIN SIYED OSMAN AL ATTAS
Recontextualizing The Patriarchal Dominance Of Manggarai Heritage CustomaryLaw System By Democratic And Gendered OrientationADRIANUS NGGORO FX ADJI SAMEKTO SUKIRNO
Management of Adverse Effect from Antiretroviral Drugs at HIVAIDSErnaldy Bahar Hospital at South Sumatra IndonesiaLILIK WAHIDAH MASHURI YUSUF AND DIAN ARDIANSYAH
Functional Features of The Cardiovascular System in Athletes with MinorHeart AnomaliesIN MEDVEDEV MA CHICHKOVA MVEREMIN AA SVETLICHKINA AVDORONTSEV NG PRYANIKOVA
Judicial Policy for The Covid-19 Pandemic in Comparative LegalPerspectiveMZMNOMANI ZAFAR HUSSAIN RENU DHAWAN
Applications of Micro-Computed Tomography in DentistrySABIRAM PRASAANTHBDS TRIPURAVARAM VINAY KUMAR REDDY MDSSURESH MITTHRA K VIJAY VENKATESH MDS
Synthesis of Prodrugs of Metronidazole to Mask the Bitterness OMAR ABDULRAHMAN ALSHEIKHLY DANA AMEEN
Prospecting SEHAT-Kader Project to Decrease Perceived Stigma andImprove Quality of Life People Living With HIVAIDS at Kudus DistrictCentral JavaERNAWATI ERNAWATI NURSALAM NURSALAM SHRIMARTI RUKMINI DEVYSITI AMINAH AHMAD FATHUROHMAN TRI HARTITI ARIEF YANTOMACHMUDAH MACHMUDAH
The functional state of the body of older men experiencing regular recreationalstressSYUZAVALISHINA VYUKARPOV MVEREMIN NGPRYANIKOVASYUTATAROVA
Development Of Immune Structures Of The Leaning Intestine Of Rabbits InEarly Postnatal OntogenesisFIRDAVS ORIPOV SOPHIA BLINOVA TASHPULAT DEKHKANOV SALIMDAVLATOV
Verification of Radiation Methods in Diagnostics of Injuries of The KneeJoint Intra-Articular StructuresMARAT KHODZHIBEKOV OBID KHAMIDOV GULSHAT MARDIEVA
Antioxidant Activity and Acute Toxicity of New N4 -Substituted5-(124-Triazole-1-Ylmethyl)-124- Triazole-3-Thiones And S - DerivativesSSZYKOVA GVTSAPLIN VSTALISMANOV IPBULATOV SVPOPKOVGKARMA
Antimicrobial activity of quercetin from Majapahit (Crescentia cujete L) fruitextracts an in silico studySRI RAHMANINGSIH HERNIK PUJIASTUTIK
Novel 5-(4-bromophenyl)-13-oxazole derivatives Synthesis CharacterizationDocking and Evaluation of in vitro Anticancer ActivityPRADEEP GOLANI SUNIL KUMAR SHAH CKTYAGI
Synthesis and structural characterization of ZnTiO3 nanoparticles viamodification sol-gel prosses for assessment of their antimicrobial activityAHMED RHEIMA NIBRAS ABDUL-AMEER ABOUD BASMA ESAM JASIMAHMAD HISMAIL ZAINAB SABRI ABBAS
Efficiency of Ficus carica Latex in therapy of Leishmania tropica In PatientsDRSHAIMAA ASHLASH MSCNOOR ANEAMA DREMAN THABIT NADHAIFALFATLAWY
A clinical study to evaluate the effect of Ardhamatrik Niruha Basti amp BalaTaila Sneha Basti in the management of Vatarakta wsr to GoutMAITREE PATEL LAL RAVI SAHU PARAPPAGOUDRA M RAVI PANDYA
Efficcacy of Tagetes erecta Linn leaf extract cream on rat dermal wound healing MAURITIUS LAMBERTUS EDY PARWANTO DAVID TJAHYADI HOSEA JAYA EDY
Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on oral health related quality oflifeTHANISH AHAMEDS ARVINA RAJASEKAR
Women Decision for the Post COVID 19 Era An Action to call from Delhi-NCR IndiaDRNITIN GIRDHARWAL DR MRINAL VERMA
Evaluation of the effect of 1 Metformin Gel coating on theosseointegration achieved around dental implants using bone mineraldensity and radiofrequency analysis- A clinical and three-dimensionalradiographic studyHIMANI SHARMA ANAMIKA SHARMA SWATI GUPTA APOORVA MOWARCHANDAN KUSUM
Biosimulation studies-based optimization of fungal derived LovastatinRSUPENDRA SANTHARAM S KATTA
The Effect of Mindfulness-based Eating Exercise with Social CognitiveTheory (SCT) Approach to Self-Efficacy and Dietary Adherence of DiabetesMellitus Type 2SYLVI HARMIARDILLAH KUSNANTO ILYA KRISNANA I KETUT ANDIKAPRIASTANA
Production of antimicrobial compound from a novel keratinolytic bacteria Bacillustequilensis MBR 25 for the control of foodborne pathogensBETHALA RAMYA PANDU BRAHMAJI RAO
Multi-Machine Learning Binary Classification Feature Selection and ComparisonTechnique for Predicting Death Events Related to Heart DiseaseRITU AGGRAWAL SAURABH PAL
The relation between maxillary buccal canine impaction and dentalanomalies - A retrospective studyREEM ARAFEEQ SARA M AL-MASHHADANY HIBA M HUSSEIN RESHA JAL-SUDANI MAISAA Q MUHAMED ALI
Evaluation of mean platelet volume before and after iron deficiency anemiatreatmentSAFA AFARAJ ALAA M AL-RUBAE AHMED I ANSAF
Vitamin B12 Deficiency in COVID-19 Recovered Patients Case ReportELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Magnesium supplementation for premenstrual syndrome and premenstrualdysphoric disorderELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Management Of Drug Logistics At Pharmacy Installation Dr WahidinSudirohusodo Makassar Hospital GEMY NASTITY HANDAYANY FATHURRAHMI
Immunocorrection of patients with polytrauma depending on the facial regioninjury IBRAGIMOV DAVRON DASTAMOVICH BOYMURADOV SHUKHRATABDUJALILOVICH GOFFAROV USMON BOBONAZAROVICH BOBAMURATOVADILNOZA TURDIKULOVNA ISMATOV FARRUKH ISMATOV NAVRUZ
Biochemical Markers Of Metabolic Disorders In The Blood Of Patients With JawFractures In The Post-Traumatic Period
BOBAMURATOVA DILNOZA TURDIKULOVNA BOYMURADOV SHUKHRATABDUJALILOVICH ANSHUL JRAI YUSUPOV SHOKHRUKH SHUXRATOVICHNARMUROTOV BAKHTIYAR QARSHIYEVICH IBRAGIMOV DAVRONDASTAMOVICH ABDURAKHMONOV FARKHOD RAKHMONOVICH
Alternative solution for konigsberg bridge problem through the concept ofmatchingRSAMPATH KSRINIVASAN PTHARANIYA PELUMALAI
Domination in different graphsKMYTHILY SKALAIVANI PELUMALAI PTHARANIYA
Forensic medical assessment of injuries in pedestrian children in fatalautomobile injury INDIAMINOV SAYIT INDIAMINOVICH SHOYIMOV SHUKRILLOUMURZOKOVICH
The peculiarities of permanent teething in children living in Tashkent city ROZA KAMILOVA JAVLON KAMILOV
Evaluation of Piperine from leaves of Piper longum Linn MANISHA MOHAPATRA UDAY C BASAK
Assessments of HBV in patients with chronic kidney illness ALAA HAMZA JABER AL-JELEHAWY SAIF JABBAR YASIR AHMED KIFAH ABEDAL-WAELI ALI RADIH ABULAMEER SHER ALI
Socio-economic analysis of broiler livestock business in West Lombok districtIndonesiaMUHAMMAD YASIN
Inhibitory and eradication activities of 1-monolaurin as anti-biofilm onmonospecies and polymicrobial of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candidatropicalis CHAERUL FADLY MOCHTAR ETI NURWENING SHOLIKHAH DWI ARIS AGUNGNUGRAHANINGSIH TITIK NURYASTUTI FEBRI ODEL NITBANI JUMINA
Supplementation of Feed Additives on Aquaculture Feeds A Review SANAA ABDULAZIZ MUSTAFA JAMAL KHALAF AL-FARAGI
Coronavirus disease (covid-19) outbreak in india DANIEL FRANCIS SELVARAJ BALAKRISHNAN S MANOPAUL P
Analysis of egg consumption in palu and sigi district communitiesKETUT SUARAYASA JULIUS SUGIHARTO SAIRAMA SARAGIH VITA ARISTYANITABERTIN AYU WANDIRA
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Combined With Multivariate Calibration forAnalysing Caffeine Nicotinamide and Pyridoxine In Simulated EnergyDrinks MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Online and conventional learning as viewed by students from pharmacy ELHAM ALSHAMMARI EMAN ALOTAIBI
New facile technique for estimation of piroxicam in bulk drugKAMAL SHAH GAURAV KRISHNA JEETENDRA KUMAR GUPTA
Oral Health Condition and Physical Activity of Children in COVID-19Pandemic NANDA RACHMAD PUTRA GOFUR AISYAH RACHMADANI PUTRI GOFURSOESILANINGTYAS RIZKI NUR RACHMAN PUTRA GOFUR MEGA KAHDINAHERNALIA MARTIDAL PUTRI
Physiological mechanisms for maintaining health in ontogenesisINMEDVEDEV DMPRAVDOV OAKOZLYATNIKOV NMLAPINASVPERSHIKOV VISHARAGIN
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Paclitaxel byHydrotropy Technique SYEDA SHABANA SULTANA DRKAPPANNA CHOWDARY DRSUMER SINGH
Implementation of code stroke protocol in acute ischemic stroke at ahospital in Aceh Indonesia SYAHRUL SYAHRUL ENDANG MUTIAWATI IMRAN IMRAN SUHERMANSUHERMAN NOVA DIAN LESTARI FARIDA FARIDA NURUL FAJRI NURULHUDA
Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria In Phthisio-Pulmonological Practice In TheRepublic Of Uzbekistan NARGIZA PARPIEVA SANJAR SULTANOV MUHABBAT DZHURABAEVAEKATERINA ANVAROVA BABAMATOVA KHILOLA MUKHAMEDOV KOZIM
Simple New Colorimetric Method Development for the Estimation of FlupirtineMaleate in Bulk and in Pharmaceutical dosage Form PVDUSE KGBAHETI
Collaboration Between Interprofessional Healthcare and Patients to ImproveQuality of Life Type 2 Diabetes via Smartphone Application LUSY NOVIANI AJENG DIANTINI ANAS SUBARNAS
The impact of exogenous and endogenous factors on the stomach wall macro-microscopic anatomy of newborn white ratsSHUKHRAT JTESHAYEV DILSHOD KKHUDOYBERDIYEV SALIM SDAVLATOV
Morphometric characteristics of parts of rat kidney nephron in normal andunder the influence of an antiseptician - facility 2 road stimulator on thebackground of chronic radiating disease
JURAT JBAKHRONOV SHUKHRAT JTESHAEV MUSHARRAF SSHODIEVA
Clinical Course Of Purulent Soft Tissue Diseases On The Background OfDiabetes Mellitus And Diffusive Toxic GoiterBAKODIR BSAFOYEV OBIDMKURBANOV MALOHAT SSHAROPOVA
Evaluating Glycemic Response to Lidocaine with Two DifferentVasoconstrictors in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Tooth ExtractionCrossover Randomized Clinical StudyFERAS SULAIMAN NURALDEEN MAHER AL-KHANATI BASSEL BRAD RUBAJUMAA
Clinical and Angiocalibrometric Changes of Retina Vessels in Patients withIdiopathic RetinovasculitisUSENKO VALENTINA UMETALIEVA MAANA GENTSELMAN DMITRY
Assessment of Erythropoietin Levels and Correlation with Cytokines inPatients with Chronic Heart Failure GADAEV AG TURAKULOVRI QURBONOV AK SABIROV MASAYFULLAYEV MB GADAEVA NA
Nano Sponges for The Enhancement of Topical Sustained Delivery ofTerbinafine HClVISHAL B RAWAL PREETHI S ANANYA K V AMIT B PATIL DV GOWDA
A Novel Validated Gradient Hplc Method For Analysing Axitinib And Their ProcessRelated Impurities By Pda DetectionSHYAMALA DASHOK PSHYAM
Impact of drug information services on patient safety at East Jeddah Hospital inSaudi Arabia a retrospective studyAYED AALKATHEERI YOUSEF MALJOHANI AHMAD AALSHAMRANI MANE ALSALIM NARDEEN BAKHEET AKRAM AALSALMI YAHYA AALZAHRANI
A QbD based study in development optimization and forced degradationbehaviour of Epinastine Hydrochloride in Metered dose inhaler by RP-HPLC BIKASH RANJANJENA SIVA PRASAD PANDA UMASANKAR KULANDAIVELURAJASEKHAR REDDY ALAVALA GSNKOTESWARA RAO SURYAKANTA SWAINDEBASHISHGHOSE DEBI PRASAD PRADHAN
Medical and social problems of the development of congenitalmalformations during a pandemicDILNOZA SHKUDRATOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIMSDAVLATOV
Pathomorphological characteristics of the vaginal mucosa in experimentalnotspecific vaginitis and various methods of treatmentFERUZA SHORIPOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIM SDAVLATOV
Legislation Procedures of Forming Regional Regulations and Its Implication onthe Politics of Law in IndonesiaLITA TYESTA ALW AMALIA DIAMANTINA
Effect of Passive Smoking on Low Birth Weight (Lbw) Incidence inIndonesia Analysis of Riskesdas Data In 2018 WULAN SARI RASNA GIRI SEMBIRING BESRAL MILLA HERDAYATI
Study The Antibacterial Activity Of Uwi Sap (Dioscorea AlataL) Extracts FromIndonesia In Damaging Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Cells ANURFITRIANI META MAHENDRADATTA AMRAN LAGA ZAINAL
Prevalence of Depression and Its Determinant Among Diabetic Patients ASystematic Review from Southeast Asia CountriesNOVITA DHEWI IKAKUSUMAWATI SUSI ARI KRISTINA ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Isolation and Characterization of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and ProducingIAA (Indole Acetic Acid) From Rice Rhizosphere from The Soppeng RegencyA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI4AND MASNIAWATI
3D Printing in Pharmaceutics Role of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in DrugDeliveryAHMED MSHKARA MOWAFAQ MGHAREEB
A Prospective study to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling in improvinginhaler device technique in COPD patients using MDI with spacer and MDIETHIRAJAN NANDAGOPAL M SUMITHRA N MEENAKSHI
Comparative In Vitro Anticancer Study Of 4-Thiazolidinone Scaffold BearingThiadiazole Moiety Derived from Phenolic AldehydesNEETU CHOPRA SANDEEP JAIN NAVIDHA AGGARWAL
The Severe Varicella Zoster Infection with Kidney Transplant Patient UsingImmunosuppressantMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RIA BANDIARA RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDOLUBIS ENITA RAKHMAWATI KURNIAATMAJA HENDRA WANA NURrsquoAMINRULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAH ROESLI
Classifications of Eye InjuriesINDIAMINOV SAYIT INDIAMINOVICH DAVRANOVA AZIZA ERKINOVNA
Preparation Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation of Erlotinib Gellan Beads SOUMIYA SUKUMAR SANTHIAGU AROCKIASAMY MANJUSHA CHEMMATTUMOOTHONA
Personalized medicine A Review on scope and its pitfall VEERAPPAN MUTHUSAMY ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Inhibition of Osteoporosis by Endophytes ndash A Computational ApproachDRSDAISYLIN ANBU SUJITHA CHELLAM JAYNTHY
Awareness of breast cancer and Breast Self-Examination among female Pharmacyprofessionals in BengaluruAPOORVA DEVM DRGITHA KISHORE
Quality by Design Approach For Formulation Optimization of Ethosomal VesicularCarrier of CurcuminVISHAL KAPOOR SHAILESH JAIN
Assistance on post market examination and Reporting of problemsassociated with In-vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices under current healthemergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in India SELLA SENTHIL M SRUTHI N ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Problem Focused Coping and Parental Stress in The Autonomy of Oral Self-care for Down Syndrome ChildrenSITI FITRIA ULFAH TRI WAHONO AGUS MARJIANTO
Impact of a pharmacist-led asthma and COPD respiratory clinic in a hospitalsettingELHAM ALSHAMMARI NADA ALSALEH
Scereening Of Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to increaselocal aromatic rice plant growthSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDRABDUL RAHIM SALEH
Thyroid Hormones Profile In Patients with Alopecia Areata A Single Center Study MOHAMMAD SHAHATHA NAYAF AHMED ABDUL-AZIZ AHMED HAYDER SAADAHMED WISAM SUHAIL NAJEM
Redesign of the Legislative Function of the Regional Representative Councilof the Republic of Indonesia to Strengthen Regional AutonomyZULFAN RETNO SARASWATI SUKIRNO NABITATUS SArsquoADAH
Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending as a Breakthrough in the Acquisition of SMECapital in Indonesia ERY AGUS PRIYONO MUHAMAD AZHAR
Spatial Zoning and Community Partnership on the Development of Coastaland Marine Resources in Tourism Spots of Bali and LombokANA SILVIANA MIRA NOVANA ARDANI MAUVAL NOVARAHMAN SATRIA
Ventral dartos flap in second layer of hypospadias prospective studyJIHAD ANAD KHALEF CABU FIBMS
Determination of Fruit Ripeness Formulations and Sterilisation Processes toImprove the Quality of Crude Palm Oil ADI RUSWANTO ARI HANDONO RAMELAN IDA BAGUS BANYURO PARTHADANAR PRASEPTIANGGA
Classification and prediction of patin fish oilrsquos antioxidant activities fromdifferent origins using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometricsANGGITA ROSIANA PUTRI ABDUL ROHMAN SUGENG RIYANTOWIDIASTUTI SETYANINGSIH
Effectiveness of Binahong Leaves (Anredera Cordifolia) And Vitamin E as HerbalAnti-Inflammatory in Rats (Rattus Novergicus) Acute Metritis Based on CD4Levels and T LymphocytesVISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN LISTYA PUTRI HANDAYANI GALUH CHANDRAAGUSTINA YUDIT OKTANELLA DESI WULANSARI
Cinnamon Leaf Extract to Control Anthracnose Disease on Chilli Plants inBali A Novel and New Potential ANAK AGUNG KETUT DARMADI NI LUH SURIANI IDA BAGUS GEDEDARMAYASA IDA BAGUS MADE SUASKARA NI MADE GARI AHMADFUDHOLI
Assessment OF Serum 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA)Reducates and Liver X Receptor As Predictor For Liver DiseasesANTESAR RHEEM OBEAD ANMAR HAMEED BLOH HAIDER RASOL ABBASSALWAHAMI
Gaps In The Publicrsquos Awareness And Protective Practices During PivotalTime Of COVID-19 Pandemic A Survey From IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA MAWARDI IHSAN
The Effects Of Eleutherine Palmifolia On Depression Behavior Mda BdnfSerotonin And Norepinefrin Levels In A Rat Model Of DepressionSHERLY LIMANTARA MASRUROH RAHAYU NOORHAMDANI MOCH ISTIADJIDEDDY SANTOSO
Association of Medication Adherence with Quality of Life and TreatmentSatisfaction Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients ALEENA ANDREW SARA JOSE SUDHA M VENKATESWARAMURTHY NSAMBATH KUMAR R SHANMUGASUNDARAM R
Comparative Study of Entropy Module and Titrated Doses of Propofol ForInduction of AnaesthesiaDRPREETHI DHAMOTHARAN MBBS DRSONAL BHAT DRSHAILA S KAMATH
Identification of Phenolic Compound from Active Subfraction Of BaccaureaRacemosa Pulp by High Resolution Mass SpectrometryLINA PERMATASARI SUGENG RIYANTO ABDUL ROHMAN
Efficacy of Escitalopram versus Desvenlafaxine in Treatment of DepressionA Comparative Study from a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital DR SAIKIRAN PASUPULA DR MOUNICA YEDLAPALLI DR RAJESWARIPASUPULA DR SAKA MEGHANA DR SURESH KUMAR KOTA
Effect of seed priming with polyamines on Barley(Hordeum Vulgare L) WARQAA MUHAMMED SHARIFF AL-SHEIKH
Cinnamaldehydersquos Potential Inhibitory Effect towards Planktonic and Biofilm ofOral BacteriaDIYAH TRI UTAMI SYLVIA UTAMI TUNJUNG PRATIWI TETIANA HANIASTUTITRIANA HERTIANI
Antimicrobial Activity of Oleuropine and Thyme Extracts Against SelectedPathogenic Microorganisms and their Potential Uses as NaturalPreservativesYOUSEF SAHOURY HANI NASEEF MOHAMMAD FARRAJ MOAMMAL QURTLINA EL- KHAIRY
Free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract and compoundsisolated from stems of Etlingera rubroloba AD PoulsenASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
Ocular Complications in Type 1 DiabetesANAHITA ZAKERI HABIB OJAGHI MANOUCHEHR IRANPARVAR ALAMDARIFIROUZ AMANI MONIR SHOAA TELMA ZAHIRIAN MOGHADAM
The Outcome of Partial Arthroplasty for Treatment of Type 1 IntertrochantericFractures in Iraqi Elderly PatientsRAAD JAWAD KADHIM
Laparoscopic and Open Burch Colposuspension For Stress Urinary IncontinenceAdvantages DisadvantagesAHMED ALI OBAID SHIREN ALI AL-HAMZAWI AHMED ABDUL AMEER ALWAN
The Protective Effect of Boswellia Against Carbimazole Incuced Reanl AndHepatic Toxicity on Male RatsAMAL UMRAN MOSA IMAN HUSSEIN NASER BAN HOSHI KHALAF
Synthesis of Some Azetidinone Derivatives Containing Ciprofloxacin MoietyFADHIL DKHALID AYAD SHAMAD RABIHA HSALEH MAHA MSALIH
Development of Oral Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) OfRosuvastatin Calcium Formulation Characterization And In-Vitro Drug ReleaseStudyADNAN BURHAN QADER AHMED ABBAS HUSSEIN
Descriptive Study of Hemophilia Persons Life and Care in AldiwanyahProvinceIraqABDULAZIZ WANNAS ABD SUZAN SABBAR MUTLAG
How Do Hereditary and Parents Influence the Trend of Drug Use in HighSchool Students in Banda Aceh Multiple Logistic RegressionTALAMSYAH HIZIR SOFYAN HERU SANTOSA HAJJUL KAMIL DEWIMARIANTHI
The Influence of Cigarette Smoking in Immunoglobulin-E and Interleukin-33 Levelsin Iraqi SmokersSHEREEN AL-ALI
Study the Antibiotics Activity Against Escherichia Coli Isolated from UrineSamples of Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract InfectionEHSAN FHUSSEIN JABBAR AAMEEN SALAH HYASSEN
Serum Hepcidin And Ferritin Level Changes In Iraqi Adult Patients With Non-Transfusion Dependent Beta-Thalassemia Major And IntermediaEHAM AMER ALI ALI ABDULATEAF ALBAYATI SAHAR ABDULWAHAB ALSHABANKHITAM ALI ALTHAMER
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Elderly Population in BasrahGovernorate A Retrospective StudyZAINAB ABDULKAREEM MAKTOOF OULA FOUAD HAMEED SHATHAKHHUSSAIN
Incisional Hernia Different Approaches The Defect Size Is the RefereeADIL SHAKER AL TAMIMI ISRAA ABDUL WAHED DHEEB
Molecular Identification of Fusarium Brachygibbosum And Some Isolates ofTrichoderma SppALI AODEH RAJAA GABDALMOOHSIN AQEEL NAL-ABEDY
Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in FemaleGenital TractMUSTAFA SALAM ABDULKHALEQ NOAMAN MUTHANA ABDULKADERALMAHDAWY
Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Women in Diyala Governorate by UsingAmsels Criteria and Nugents ScoresZUHAIR HASSAN ALWAN MUTHANNA AL-MAHDAWI SHAYMAA MOHAMMEDALWAN
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)
SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI H MEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Nature of oral cancer progression according to gender evaluation throughmetastasis and recurrence - A Single University StudySINDHU PRIYA KUPPUSAMY SUNDARA MURTHY DRMAHATHINDRSURESH
Prevalence of class I occlusion in mixed dentitionNIVETHA G ARVIND S
Age and gender related distribution of patients undergoing maxillary thirdmolar extractionsSAM JOHN KOSHY MADHULAXMI M SIVAKUMAR M
Knowledge attitude and awareness of platelet rich fibrin among dentalstudents in chennaiABHISHEK NARAM MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW DEEPAK S
Evaluation of the awareness of gingival recession amongst patients whounderwent root coverage treatment - A retrospective studyVUNNAM SRI SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
Assessment of impacted third molars in patients with temporomandibulardisordersJAYA KEERTHANA S SREEDEVI DHARMAN MARAGATHAVALLIG
Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
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Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Evaluation of Patients Reporting with Burning Sensation and Non-SpecificClinical Findings to Department of Oral MedicineABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
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Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
Association Between Angles Class Ii Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease - ARetrospective StudyKARTHIGA DEVI GANGA MOORTHY JAIGANESH RAMAMURTHY PRADEEPDHASARATHAN
Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment of Dental Management of Mentally Challenged Patients Treatedin Special Care Dentistry in A Hospital Setting- Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Prevalence of White Spot Lesions in Patients Treated with Fixed OrthodonticAppliancesAMINA MEHRIN BANO SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Awareness And Knowledge About Pharmacotherapy Of Angular Cheilitis AmongUg Dental Students In Private Dental College ChennaiVINAYA SWETHAT DRDEEPIKA RAJENDRAN DRKIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
A Retrospective Study On Evaluation Of Patients With Recurrent AphthousStomatitisREVATHIB DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
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Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
passifloraceae in the treatment of neurasthenia HUYNH TAN HOI
Prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute st- elevation myocardialinfarctionDRATPARDESI DRDILIP PPATIL DRRAHUL PATIL DRMAKARAND BMANE
A study to determine angiographic findings in patients of acute coronarysyndrome at teaching HospitalDRMRSPATIL SHILPA DRMRSPATANGE APARNA DRMRSVASANT DEOKARDRMRSKAPALE RJ DRMRS PUJARI BHUPAL
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A study of microalbuminuria in newly detected hypertensive individuals in tertiarycare centreDRSSKULKARNI DRUTMANE DRPUJARI BHUPAL DRRAHUL SPATIL
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a-Glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of butyrolactone I derivedfrom Aspergillus terreus and evaluation of its acute toxicity RIZNA TRIANA DEWI TENI ERNAWATI HANI MULYANI AKHMAD DARMAWANINDAH DWIATMI DEWIJANTI SOFNA BANJARNAHOR TRI YULIANI MARISSAANGELINA SOFA FAJRIAH ABDI WIRA SEPTAMA
HPMC Polymeric System Structural Contribution in Controlling Drug Release inSustained Drug Delivery SystemAJIT KULKARNI VIPUL DHASADE VIVEK INGALE AMIT KASABE ARCHANAYADAV SANTOSH FATTEPUR NAGARAJA SREEHARSHA EBHAVYA
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Effect Of Dietary And Lifestyle Transitions On Functional Immune SystemSARAH MOHAMED R S UPENDRA SHRADDHA BIJALWAN VAISHNAVI BHAGWANBOPTE ABHINASH KUMAR GIRI
Title Updates on community pharmacistsrsquo involvement in tuberculosis program inIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
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2d-Qsar Study Of Synthesized Novel Derivatives Of 134-OxadiazolesSOMASHEKHAR M R B KOTNAL S R KARAJAGI
Molecular and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric determination ofFurosemide via complex formation with Chromium ionKHITAM JABER NABHAN ABBAS SHEBEEB HASAN AL-KADUMI JWAN ODAYABDULSATTAR
Direct and Indirect Cost of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia A PrevalenceBased Study with Human Capital ApproachSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds Oil of Agricultural Wastein MalaysiaSHAKINAZ DESA ASAAD ABBAS KHALAF SYARUL NATAQAIN BINTIBAHARUM MUSTAFA MUDHAFAR
Tribulus terrestris Linn Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced By Monosodium-Glutamate An In Vivo EvidenceGOMATHI SWAMINATHAN SRIKANTH JUPUDI SATHISH R ROSHAN NS
Clinical and experimental value of integrated lymphatic therapy in nonspecificulcerative colitisYULDOSHALI EGAMOV AKHTAM RUZIYEV SARVAR KHAIDAROV GULISHAYKHOVA ADILBEK RAJABOV NIZOM ERMATOV
Protective Effects of Antagonism of Interleukin-1 Receptors in 3-nitropropionicAcid Provoked Huntington Disease-Related SymptomsSURBHI GUPTA BHUPESH SHARMA
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Antileukotriene Drugs in The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in ChildrenMIRRAKHIMOVA MAKTUBA XABIBULLAYEVNA ABDULLAEVA DILOROMTELMANOVNA ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ GAYRATOVNA SAGDULLAYEVA MAFURAABDUKARIMOVNA ABDULLAYEVA MUXLISA MASRUROVNA
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Maximal Matching in Fractal Graphs and Its ApplicationPTHARANIYA GJAYALALITHA
Anticancer properties of hymecromone-derived compounds A reviewNOORA THAMER ABDULAZIZ YASSER FAKRI MUSTAFA
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Componential Description Of Medicated Foams A ReviewHAYDER HUSSEIN ALWAN HANAN JALAL KASSAB
Molecular Study Of The TG Gene Polymorphisms In Patients WithHashimotorsquos Thyroiditis Among Iraqis PopulationBASMAN A NADHIM ABBAS G HAMMED HAYDER O HASHIM NAZAR JMETIB
Comparative genetic study for some species of the family Poaceae using theRAPD molecular indicatorSALWAH HAMZA HUSSEIN AL-HASSNWY RUQAYA MANOON HASAN AL-NOMANI
Quercetin Isolated from Dried Ginkgo Biloba leaves with the PhytochemicalScreeningFARQAD M BAQER BASSAM A HASSAN FADIL MOHSEN HAMED
Therapeutic efficacy of protein compound extractionfromMetapenaeusaffinisagainst glucosamine sulphate-induced nephrotoxicity inmale ratsAMAL KABBAS
Evaluation of HER2-Neu status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situhybridization as a prognostic factor in gastric and gastro-esophageal cancerEAMAN SUUD KHALIFA AYSER HAMEED LATIF
Can IL1szlig and IL10 levels assessment in endometrial secretion predict pregnancyoutcome after ICSI A prospective studyTAIF EIMAD AHMED FADIA J AL-IZZI QAYS AHMED MAHDI
Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and its complexes with some metal ions and Their FluorescenceStudyINAM HASHIM IBRAHIM HASAN A HASAN
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Al-Anbar Governorate Western of IraqIBRAHIM NS AL-KAISSI SAAD M SHUKR MARWA A KUBBA
New Polymeric Coii Niii And Cdii Complexes With Tetrazole Schiff-Base LigandsSynthesis Spectral Characterisation And Biological ActivityRIYADH M AHMED BAIDAA K AL-RUBAYE NASRY J HUSSIEN ENAAM I YOUSIFHASAN A HASAN MOHAMAD J AL-JEBOORI
Evaluation of the Cytocompatibility of Novel Gingival Retraction Pastes based onBoswellia papyrifera
HIBA A SALMAN MANHAL A MAJEED EAMAN A AL-RUBAEE
Isolation and genotyping of local Toxoplasma gondii strains in infected chickenABDULRAZZAQ MOHAMMED HAMOOD ALI MOHAMMED ABED
Preparation and characterization of diazepam loaded nanomicelles for pediatricintravenous dose adjustmentMUHANNAD SALAH AL RADHI MOHAMMED SABAR AL-LAMI ENAS ABDULSAHIB
Baseline Widal Titre Amongst the Healthy Individuals from Western RuralMaharashtraIndia DR RAVINDRA V SHINDE ANJALI R SHINDE DR S T MOHITE DR SANDEEPB SHINDE DR S K PAWAR DR S R PATIL
IoT BASED CPAP MACHINEJPREMKUMAR TSUDHAKAR ABDULLAH S ABHIJIT GOSWAMI EKAVITHA
To the Problem of Fungal Pathology in the Hot Climate in Children and AdultsSHAIKHOVA GULI ERMATOV NIZOM ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ ABDULLAEVADILOROM YUSUPOVA ORZIGUL ALLAYEVA MUNIRA
Effect of Tender Coconut Water on Experimental Urolithiasis An In Vitro StudyGAYATRI S SOWNDARYA S KARTHIKEYAN G
Development and Optimization of Multiple-Unit Floating Drug Delivery System ofPregabalin Using Quality by Design (QbD) ApproachMONIKA KHARB YSTANWAR
Dissolution profile comparison of two marketed Favipiravir tabletsSANDEEP KHATALE CHAUDHARI NIKHIL SURESH ANAGHA UPASANINILAM BHUSARE
Development of a Tool to Assess the Safe and Quality Use of ImmunizationJUNY SEBASTIAN GURUMURTHY PARTHASARATHI MANDYAM DHATI RAVI
Effectiveness of Olive Oil Massage on Post Caesarean Pain and Quality of Sleepamong Primigravida MothersPRIYADARSINIA REVATHIPG
Assessment of the Quality of Life and the Level of Depression in Patients withChronic Kidney Disease on Programmed HemodialysisAKSNA M KARDANGUSHEVA LILIYA V ELGAROVA ZARINA A SHUGUSHEVAIRINA H ALMOVA SOFIAT KH SIZHAZHEVA
The Expression of Immunohistochemistry IL-10 And IL-18 On Helminth-InfectedMice Treated With The Extract Of Areca catechu LENDY JULI ANTO AZNAN LELO SYAFRUDDIN ILYAS MARLINE NAINGGOLAN
Evaluation of Basic Plants in The Bank of Healthy Potato Varieties in The NorthernRegion and The High Mountain ZoneOVES EV
An objective assessment of the importance of regions for beekeeping based onmelliferous resources and ambient temperatureVNKULAKOV AGMANNAPOV
Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosaceain Iraqi PatientsSAMER A DHAHER
Construction and Validation of Ayurveda Health Assessment Questionnaire(AHAQ) Based on Characteristics of Health (Arogya Linga) Mentioned by AcharyaKashyapa DR SAURABH AGRAWAL DRSHIVAKUMAR DRMBKAVITHA DRASHA KP
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Film Loaded with IbuprofenNanoparticlesVISHAL B RAWAL AFRASIM MOIN SUBHAM JAIN N AMIT B PATILMEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Orodispersible Tablets ContainsIbuprofen Loaded Microfiber for Better In-Vitro DissolutionSUBHAM JAIN N AFRASIM MOIN VISHAL B RAWAL AMIT B PATIL MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S DV GOWDA
Co-Amorphous Based Supersaturated Urea-Losartan Potassium TransdermalFormulation For HypertensionNANHI NANDINI AFRASIM MOIN ROHINI BHATTACHARYA MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISHBABU P NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Characterization and Formulation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System ofPiroxicamROHINI BHATTACHARYA AFRASIM MOIN NANHI NANDINI MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISH BABU P NITHIN KS D V GOWDA
Identifying gene clusters as signature biomarkers for predictingmethotrexate effectiveness and potential side effects during RheumatoidArthritis therapyANAS KHALEEL AFNAN MEQBEL ROWAN ALEJIELAT YAZAN SBATARSEH ABDALLAH A ELBAKKOUSH BAYAN Y GHANIM CRISTINA IBATARSEH NIDAL A QINNA
Recent Trends on Regulatory Aspects of Nanotechnology in IndianPharmaceutical MarketDAKA NAGARJUNA REDDY DR MAHAVEER SINGH DR BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVADR KONDA RAVI KUMAR
Toxicopathological And Biochemical Impacts Of 2378 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-
Dioxin ( TCDD ) On Liver Of Albino Male RatsANAS AHUMADI SAMER I SABEEH BUSHRA I AL-KAISEI ALI IBRAHIM ALI AL-EZZY
Characterisation Of Encapsulated Beta Vulgaris LinnDry Powder Extract InChitosanSANGGITA AYU IKASARI ANITA SUKMAWATI
The effect of giving wamerose juice for high blood pressure of patientshypertension in PalembangMUZAKAR LISTRIANAH PRATIWI BI AHMAD FUDHOLI
Antimalarial Properties of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subspHygroscopicus Secondary Metabolite Active Fractions In Silico and In VivoAnalysisLOEKI E FITRI AJENG M PUTRI NABILA E ERWAN FITRIA F PUTRI RIVO YB NUGRAHA TEGUH W SARDJONO KANA MARDHIYYAH DIO G ARIELICHA F D FARATISHA SUCIATI BACHTIAR R P IHSAN SRI WINARSIH
Identification of foodborne pathogens and antibacterial activity of ethanolicextract of Alangium salviifoliumMOUNICA SURA SREENATH KONANKI SREEYAPUREDDY ANITHA DS RAOJAYASIMHA RAYALU DADDAM
Analytical Method Validation and Determination of Genistein Daidzein andGlycitein in Soybean Milk by RP-HPLC MethodFLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO ABDUL ROHMAN SUWIDJIYOPRAMONO SUDIBYO MARTONO
Therapeutic effect of Valproic acid in conjunction with physical rehabilitation inthe treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type II TAMER EMAM ELNEGAMY HISHAM MEGAHED SAFY ELDIN M ABO ALI HANANH BATTESHA MARIAN M SHAFE
Assessment amp comparison of hepatoprotective potential of indigenoustherapeutic flora by using tetrachloromethane encouraged liver toxicity in Albino(Wister strain) rodent model GAURAV KUMAR SHARMA MEENAKSHI DHANAWAT RAHUL LODHA KAMALKUMAR GOYAL JAI KUMAR PARETA
Weapon Against Epilepsy Acorus Calamus Itrsquos PhytochemistryEthnopharmacology And Pharmacological ActionsVIKAS SHARMA CHANDANA MAJEE SHIVANI SAXENA RAJNISH KUMARSALAHUDDIN AVIJIT MAZUMDER
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of A compound Produced by AnEndophytic Fungus Isolated from The Leaves of Coleus amboinicus LourPUJI ASTUTI ROLLANDO ROLLANDO DWI KOKO PRATOKO SUBAGUSWAHYUONO ARIEF NURROCHMAD
Effects Antihiperglycemic of Sembung (Blumea balsamifera L) Leaf EthanolExtract on Blood Glucose and Pancreas Histopathology in Hyperglycemic MaleWistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus)SRI WAHJUNI NI WAYAN BOGORIANI HAFSIAH AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Successful treatment of acquired Severe Aplastic Anemia with AutologousCord Blood Transplantation case report and literature reviewGHOLAMREZA BAHOUSH ZAHRA SOHEILIRAD JAVAD BALASI
Quantification of Naproxen Sodium in biological sample by using UPLC-MSMSmethodSUMITHRA M AYSHA JADEERA K A YAMINI R VIJEY AANANDHI M
A Questionnaire Based Study To Assess The Awareness And KnowledgeAbout P Drug Concept And Rational Use Of Medicine Among Third YearMedical StudentsDRVIRENDRA KUSHWAHA DR POOJA AGRAWAL DR PUSHPENDRAPUSHKAR DR MANGESHKUMAR TRIPATHI DR SARITA SINGH
Safe Use of Ocular Nanosuspension GNANASAMPATH MADHAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Oxadiazoles Combined with theNucleus of BenzothiazoleVISHAL KUMAR SATISH KUMAR SHARMA RIZWAN AHMAD
Laparoscopic Two Stage FowlerndashStephens Orchiopexy For High IntraabdominalUndescended TestisDRMARYAM JABBAR GHAZI DRWASEEM AHMAD ELKATIB JASSIM ABDULHASSAN AL MAYALI ALAA JUMAAH MANJI NASRAWI
The effect of Antibacterial Drugs on the Formation Salmonella BiofilmsEKATERINA LENCHENKO VAN KHAI YURY VATNIKOV
Perception of Physicians and Nurses towards Clinical Pharmacy Services (CPSs)at oncology care setting A hospital based Observational SurveyMANJULA GUDHOOR MADIWALAYYA SHIVAKANTAYYA GANACHARI
A Prospective Study Of Drug Utilization Pattern Among Paediatrics And AnalysingWho Prescribing Indicators In A South Indian Government District HeadquartersHospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S THIRUPATHY KUMARESAN P KEERTHIYURENIKKA J ARUMUGAVIGNESH M PAUL MCGRATH R
Corn Fiber Gum as a Potential Platform for the Preparation of BioadhesiveFloating Tablets of DomperidoneBHUMIKA MANGLA ANUREKHA JAIN DEEPINDER SINGH MALIK
Antisecretory Effect of Centella Asiatica Leaves Ethanolic Extract againstPyloric Ligation Induced Gastric Ulcers on Rats DADANG IRFAN HUSORI POPI PATILAYA MARIANNE FERA HADELINA
Clinical and biochemical evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy forhereditary motor neuronal neuropathy in childrenBERDIBAEVA SAODAT ULUGBEKOVNA MADJIDOVA YAKUTKHONNABIEVNA
Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve Analysis Pregabalin Therapy in Patients with CentralPost-Stroke Neuropathic PainBANGUNAWATI RAHAJENG IWAN DWIPRAHASTO ZULLIES IKAWATI TRI MURTIANDAYANI
Cost of illness of hemodialysis in Indonesia A survey from eight hospitalsin IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI HARDIKAADITAMA
Potential of Endophytic Bacteria in Promote Germination of Local Aromatic RiceSeeds in Kamba Central Sulawesi IndonesiaSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDR ABDULRAHIM SALEH RATNAWATI RATNAWATI
Development and Evaluation of Ferulic Acid Loaded Chitosan Gel for WoundHealingFATHIMA SAFA PA SHONA SARA SHAJI NAVAMIMRAJAN NAMBIAR RAKHI RAJUPRATIK ANUPRIYA MAHESH
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
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A Retrospective Qualitative Study on Pharmacotherapeutic Management ofCoronary Artery Disease Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Discussion onComprehensive Role of Clinical Pharmacist In Clinical PracticeABHARATH KUMAR MSUMASHANKAR
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Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
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Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
Assessment Of Drug Compliance And Targeted Pharmacist Intervention In AcuteIschemic Stroke PatientVARSHITHA NAKKA SUREKHA PUSAPATI AJAY MANUKONDA DR SKUMARAVELU VARA PRASAD SAKA
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Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk) A Rich Extract Loaded Floating MicroballoonsAdvance Therapy to Treat and Manage Gastric UlcerRANJITHA M UMA NITHYASHREE RS SHOUVIK KUMAR D SASIPRIYA SVSTANMOY GHOSH KAMATCHI SUNDARA SARAVANAN MOHAMMAD AZAMTHULLA
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Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
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Determinants of Medication of Hypertension Patients in Urban and Rural Areas ofSouth SulawesiHASLINDAH IDA LEIDA M THAHA HEALTHY HIDAYANTY WAHIDUDDIN ANDIZULKIFLI DARMAWANSYAH
Resolution of Disputes on Illegal Acts by the Authorities in IndonesiaKARTIKA WIDYA UTAMA YUDHITIYA DYAH SUKMADEWI YOS JOHAN UTAMAIRMA CAHYANINGTYAS
Quality by design (QbD) approach for Design and Development ofVortioxetine hydrobromide Multi-dose nasal spray solution for effectivetreatment of depression In-vitro and In-vivo evaluationPRAFUL MGIRADKAR DEEPA HPATEL
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Prevalence of Leishmaniasis (Cutaneous and Visceral) in Basrah Provincebetween 2013 and 2018MANAL ISMAEL KHALEEL
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COVID-19 Triggers The Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis A Case Report ofUncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes MellitusSULTAN M ALSHAHRANI NAJIM Z ALSHAHRANI KHALED M ALAKHALI
In vivo antigenotoxic potential of sesame oil against cyclophosphamide inducedgenotoxicity and oxidative stress in micePANKAJ TRIPATHI ABDUL AZIZ HAKAMI ABDULRAHAMAN AWAGI ABDULLAHALTAMAR ABDULMAJEED MOHAMMED JALI ABDUL HAKEEM SIDDIQUI
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Evaluation of Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Sansevieria Trifasciata P onAlopecia Androgenic Rabbit MaleHENNY KASMAWATI RESMI MUSTARICHIE ELI HALIMAH RUSLIN
A New Approach for Bioavailability Enhancement of Cefpodoxime as EntericCoated Sustained Release BeadsCSAI KISHAN AFRASIM MOIN P K KULKARNI KALAISELVI R MEENAKSHI SSHARADHA M SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
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Cross-sectional study of the association between polycystic ovarysyndrome and uterine septum anomaliesADNAN AH ALBDAIRI MOHEND AN AL-SHALAH
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Regulating The Fibroblast Growth Into Critical Size Mandibular Bone Defectvia Demineralized Dentin Material Membrane ImplantationPRATIWI SOESILAWATI AGNES PARAMITHA NASTITI MUHAMMAD ALWINOBAYU FIRDAUZY YULIATI YULIATI NOOR HAYATY ABU KASIM
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Ex vivo In-vitro and In-silico Neuroprotective Activity of Selected TraditionalMedicinal Plants- A Reverse Pharmacological ApproachYMEGHANA SRIKANTH JEYABALAN
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University Studentsrsquo Knowledge on Antibiotic Use in Yogyakarta A Cross-Sectional SurveySUSI ARI KRISTINA SHINTA DIVA EKANANDA MAWARDI IHSAN
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Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
Bioecological traits of the plant indigofera tinctoria l Under introductionconditionsGULKHAYO TURABOEVA ANARJAN MATKARIMOVA AKMAL TURABOEVTURDIYEVA ODINAKHON
Rotavirus vaccination Knowledge and acceptance among mothers in YogyakartaIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA HARDIKA ADITAMA
Metal Complexes of a Novel Schiff Base Based on Cephalexin depictionMolecular Modeling and Biological Efficacy StudyABDUL SALAM ABDUL KAREEM ABDUL RAHMAN REHAB KADHIM RAHEEMALSHEMARY
In Vitro Quantitative Assessment of Viability of Echinococcus granulosusProtoscoleces after Treatment with Ruta graveolens L Methanolic Extract YASEEN TAHA AL QAISI KHALED M KHLEIFAT SAWSAN ATALLAH ORAN
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
Effect of the polymeric matrix on the physicochemical properties of the Diclofenacsodium loaded fibers in Orodispersible TabletsSURABHI C AFRASIM MOIN GIRISH S H MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAHPREETHI S NITHIN K S DVGOWDA
Gene therapy by studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism(rs11886868 amp rs766432) at the BcL11A gene on the severity of beta-thalassemiadisease in the province of AL-NajafHANAN A ABLAA WISAM NAJI ATIYAH AL-MEHANA IBTIHAL KAREEM MAHDITHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN
Multidose studies in rabbits for determining pharmacokinetic andpharmacodynamic interactions of gliclazide with nutraceuticalROJA RANI BUDHA SANTHRANI THAAKUR GSN KOTESWARA RAOLAVANYA YAIDIKAR RAVI MANNE SV SAI KUMAR SKNASEEB BASHA
The consequences of the pharmaceutical management method according to thetype of hospital facilitySAMIHA BENZEKRI AMINE CHEIKH MOHAMMED ADNANE EL WARTITI AHMEDBENNANA
Development of Esomeprazole Mucoadhesive Timerx TabletsEBY GEORGE ANJALI K BIJU FATHIMA MEETHIAN LINTA BENNY SUVARNAVARGHESE
An Overview on Modern Drug Delivery Nanotechnology for the Management ofAcne VulgrisAISHWARYA REDDY KARTHICK RAMAN SURESHKUMAR
A Review on Liquisolid Technique in the Preparation of Oral Disintegrating TabletsVISHRATH N PREETHI S SHEETAL MJ
Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
Synthesis and Antifungal assay of Analogs Curcumin Dibenzilyden-N-Methyl-4-Piperidone and Dibenzilyden-4-PiperidoneRITMALENI TESIA AISYAH RAHMANIA PRASHINTA NITA DAMAYANTI ERNAPRAWITA SETYOWATI
The Influence of Leadership on Postpartum Service Coverage When MidwivesCollaborate with NursesADRIANA PALIMBO ANDI UMMU SALMAH RIDWAN AMIRUDDIN AMINUDDINSYAM AHMAD SYAHLANI ANGGRITA SARI DEDE MAHDIYAH
Knowledge and events of young married age in west sulawesi provinceAHMADY IRMA MUSLIMIN ANWAR MALLONGI
Comparison Of Warm Water Compresses And Distractions To Reduction Of PainIn Reumatic PatientsSYAHRIR NURUL FUADY FITRYANIA
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Hygiene Sanitation and Stunting Among Children Under Two Years (0 ndash 23)Months in Central SulawesiDEDI MAHYUDIN SYAM HERLINA SSUNUH AMSAL ANWAR MALLONGI
Minangkabau matrilineal society perception of pregnant womens health servicesDEVI SYARIEF ANDI ZULKIFLI ABDULLAH SURIAH HEALTHY HIDAYANTYGUSLINDA ULFA SURYANI YOLA YOLANDA
Internet addiction and its relationship to academic achievement motivationtowards middle schoolAFKAR FADHIL KAREEM FARHANLAAIZ LUAY ABDULWAHID SHIHAB
Method Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-MassSpectrometric Method (LC-MS) for the Simultaneous Determination of Darunavir inHuman PlasmaDRDAKILADEVI MRSINDIRA PRIYADARSHINI
Analysis Contens of Natrium Benzoate and Sorbic AcidIn Beverage Snack Sold atSDN Karang Tengah Tangerang CityYUSNIDAR YUSUF MOH RAMDHAN NURHABIBAH
The Effect of Corn Hair Tea on Increasing Breast Milk Production in BreastfeedingMothers in the Work Area of the Community Health Center of Kota SelatanGorontalo CityNANCY OLII NURNANINGSIH ALI ABDUL IKA SUHERLIN PUSPITA SUKMAWATIRASYID
GC-MS profiling of white and pink flowers of Catharanthus roseus grown underharsh environmentPRAVEJ ALAM
Cyanidin 3-O-(6rsquo-Malonylglucoside) as an Inhibitor of Oestrogen Receptor Beta (ErBeta) - An Insilico ApproachANUSHAB JAYNTHY CHELLAM
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Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
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Synthesis Characterization of Diazepine-Bicycles System and Study of their Bio-BehaviorDR NAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI RABAB MAHDI UBAID MAHMOOD
Chalcone-Heterocyclic Derivatives (Synthesis Spectral Identification MicrobialEvaluation)HUTHAM ABD ALI ABD AL HUSSAIN DRNAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI
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A Novel Biometric Recognition System for FingerprintUsing Polar HarmonicTransformANLI SHERINE DRGENO PETER
Henry Girouxs Progressive Educational thought in the Perspective of EducationalPhilosophyNUR KHASANAH FATAH SYUKUR ABDUL WAHIB ACHMAD IRWAN HAMZANIHAVIS ARAVIK
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Validation of Real Time PCR (TaqMan) Approach in Diagnosing Patients withTuberculosis in Northeast of IranMALIHEH BEHBODI GRO MEHRI HOSSEINI LEILA MANZOURI ASGHAR SHARIFISEYED ABDOLRAHIM REZAEE OWRANG EILAMI SEYED REZA KHOSRAVANISEYED ABDOLMAJID KHOSRAVANI
Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
Development And Validation Of In-Vitro Dissolution Method For Estimation OfEmtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate And Efavirenz In Tablet Dosage Formby UHPLCNIMIT VASA DRBHAVESH PATEL PARTH PATEL SAGAR SOLANKI
P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
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Morphological and ITS Based Characterization of Some Important Fungi Isolatedfrom Desert Soil under Harsh environmentTHAMER HALBALAWI
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
The Clinical Cruciality of Resistin in the Emanation of Polycystic Ovary Syndromein Female Individuals and Its Prediction HAAEL SUBHI ABBAS
Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
The Potential Effect of Metformin Therapy on Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio inPatients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus A New HorizonMOHANAD ADEL MOHAMMED NAWAR R HUSSIEN MARWA S AL-NIEMIHAYDER M ALKURAISHY
Juridical Study on the Dissolution of Religious Activities by CommunityOrganizationsIDIANTO NYOMAN SERIKAT PUTRA JAYA ASEP NANA MULYANA
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A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
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Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
Effect of Long Exposure Against Quantity and Quality of DNA in ToothpickSamples as an Alternative for Individual IdentificationBETA NOVIA RIZKY MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA AMIATUN RUTH AHMADYUDIANTO
Application of Strict Liability Concept to Companies that Commit Crimes ofEnvironmental DestructionARSHINTA FITRI DIYANI ARIEF HIDAYAT RETNO SARASWATI
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Hepatic Encephalopathy Precipitated By Sepsis and Outcome of Its ManagementANUSHA NARAYANAN RAMA P VENU RENJITHA BHASKARAN ROSHNI PR
Enrichment of Gut Ecosystem by Daily Supplementation of Selective ProbioticStrains and Probiotic Complex in Dysbiosis Condition of AutismKSUNAND GKRISHNA MOHAN VASUDHA BAKSHI
Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
Assessing Patient Satisfaction with Community Pharmacy Services in Yogyakarta
IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
Perception of Stroke Warning Symptoms in At-Risk Patients SOMSAK THOJAMPA SIRIKANOK KLANKHAJHON WUTTICHAI SAHATTECHOORAWAN PAIROJWOOTTIPONG JIRAPA JUNBUA
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Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Nanoemulsion Containing Mixed HerbalExtract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic RatsERINDYAH R WIKANTYASNING NURCAHYANTI WAHYUNINGTYAS SHARIDAFAKURAZI MUHAMMAD DArsquoI
The Effectiveness of Phosphate Solvent Rhizosphere Bacteria in Stimulating theGrowth of Rice PlantsA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI MASNIAWATI A YANI
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Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Film Loaded With Ibuprofen for BuccalDeliveryMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H AFRASIM MOIN SHAILESH T YASHAS M S AMIT BPATIL MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
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Physicochemical Characterization Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities ofConjugated Chitosan-Ferulic Acid on Various Radical Initiators SystemKHOIRUN NISA MUSLIH ANWAR NURINA INDIRAYATI WIDA BANARKUSUMANINGRUM
TLC Bioautography In Vitro Antiradical and Antioxidant Activities of LeavesExtract of Bauhinia Acuminata Linn (Caesalpiniaceae)SUDIPTA CHAKRABORTY NN BALA SUDIPTA DAS
PCOD Overview A Journey from Ayurveda to AllopathyNAYANA KALE DEEPAL TAANK HARSHADA KADAM GAURI KAPHARE SWATITALELE ANIL JADHAV
In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Hofbauer Cells and Nuclear Factor of Kappa Beta on Rats Placenta that BlackCarbon ExposureWAHYU HARGIYANTO VISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN WIDJIATI WIDJIATI EPYMUHAMMAD LUQMAN
Cost of Illness Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in IndonesiaYUNITA NITA DIAS PUTRI WARDANASARI DIVA ARIADNE CERELIA FITRINURMALASARI TUTUT DWI CAHYATI ABDUL RAHEM LIZA PRISTIANTYMUFARRIHAH
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Identification of Lead Compounds from Plant Secondary Metabolites to TargetNon-Structural Protein (Ns5) of Dengue Virus by Insilico MethodARUNYA M SIMYA R SIVASANKARI M ARUL JAYANTHI A
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Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
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Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Evaluation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing amine fluoride on gingivalstatus - a clinical investigationMUNAZ MULLA MUSHIR MULLA RAJESH KASHYAP SHASHIKANTH HEGDE ARUNKUMAR MAIYA MYTHRI SARPANGALA FAZLUR RAHMAN SAYED
Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
Implementation of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Lung Tuberculosis UsingFuzzy TsukamotoDAHLAN ABDULLAH
Development of urban agglomeration under the influence of driving forcesSHVETS IYU IRINA SHVETS
Effect of Ethanol n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Marsilea crenata PreslLeaves on ERszlig Expressions of Neurons in Estrogen-Deficient Female MiceMANGESTUTIAGIL HENINGLASWATI NENY PURWITASARI RADELLA AULIAADITYARA FRISCHA AYU WIDIASARI
Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
Biological activities of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub flowers on skin carecosmeticsNARIN KAKATUM YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
Development and Validation of Absorbance Subtraction Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Atorvastatin Calcium and Sildenafil Using UV SpectrophotometerSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation ofAtorvastatin Calcium and SildenafilSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
Study the Incidence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among PregnantWomen in Basrah-IraqISMAAL JMIA ABAS SHEREEN AL-ALI
Stability of Dexamethasone Oral Liquid FormulationsMALATHE A ALSHAWI NAWAR ADDAI MOHAMMED SATTAR MAZIN N MOUSABADER S ALABDULLAH
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
Diagnosis of Rota Virus Infection in Mosul Pediatric Hospitals UsingImmunological and Molecular MethodsJALAL MOHAMMED ZUHDI JALAL ANWAR SALIH SAIHOOD AREEJ SALIHSAIHOOD
Detection of lead in soil and Ziziphusspina-christi in Mosul city northern of IraqIYAD ABID ALMUHSIN AHMED HUSEEIN REYAM NAJI AJMI ESTABRAQMOHAMMED ATI3 HUDA FAROOQ ZAKI
Formulation and Evaluation of BILAYR Floating Tablet of LevetiracetamHAMAD KADHUM MAARIZ WEDAD K ALI FATIMA A TWFEEQ
Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
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E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
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Risk of Parabens in Human UseKARTHIKEYAN L V JERO VICTOR WILSON SHUBHAM KUMAR PARIDA BIKASHCHANDRA NATH DRMRJEYAPRAKASH
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Behavioral analysis of customer through customer review and profile using chi-square method DRSARVJEET KAUR
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A Systematic Review on Technical Aspects in the Development of Dry PowderInhalers (DPI)PRIYANKA SATISH GONDHALE DR BINOY VARGHESE CHERIYAN
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TitlePreprosthetic Surgeries and its Protocol for Complete Dentures A ReviewHANAN GHAZI SHANAB FARHEENA USTAD GHUFRAN IBRAHIM ABDULRAHMANALAYFAN SHAEESTAKHALEELAHMEDBHAVIKATTIABDULRHMANMOHAMMEDYALYOUSEF ABDULRAHMAN YOUSUFABDULRAHMAN ALSHEBEL
Revealing the lactogenic anti-obesity and antidiabetic activity of CyperusrotundusSARITHAR SUSEEM SR
Neonatal risk factors for cerebral palsy BABHINANDH KRIPA LALVI ROSHNI P R
Phytoextraction Study of Cadmium and Lead Using Different Plants in PollutedSoils A ReviewALI HUSSEIN HANO MOHANAD LUAY JAWHER SHAHLAA HUSSEIN HANO
R E S E A R C H
A new curcumin analog CCA-11 induces cell cycle arrest and senescencetoward ER-positive breast cancer cellsDHANIA NOVITASARI FEBRI WULANDARI RIRIS ISTIGHFARI JENIEROHMAD YUDI UTOMO JUN-YA KATO EDY MEIYANTO
Pharmaceutical Analysis of Drakshadi Syrup - A Polyherbal Ayurvedic HematinicABOLI PATIL RAJANISH METI SWAPNIL CR
Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for theDetermination of Ivacaftor in Bulk and its Pharmaceutical FormulationTANUJA S GANAPATY VARANASI S N MURTHY
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Study of BMI Glucose Level and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes MellitusMOUSOMI ROY ARINDOM BANERJEE SATYANARAYANA P RAJKUMARMAITI PRITHVIRAJ KARAK FATIK BARAN MANDAL
Sensitive and Developed Normal-FIA Methods for The SpectrophotometricDetermination of Diosmin In Pharmaceutical Formulations UsingDiazotization Coupling Reactions
MAYASA MOHAMMED SADEEM SUBHI ABED
Formulation Development and Optimization of Extended Release Pellets ofDexketoprofen TrometamolBHUPENDRA GPRAJAPATI ALPESH PATEL
A Cross Sectional Study on Stress Among Medical Students of Kolhapur City ofMaharashtra Study on stress among medical studentsDRJEEVANKUMAR UYADAV DRDEEPMALA JYADAV
Nanocatalytic Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated Using CamelliaSinensis (Linn) Tender Leaf Extract and Their CharacterizationKRISHNAKUMAR S BETHANNEY JANNEY J SINDU DIVAKARAN LUMENCHRISTY V PRAKASH WILLIAMS G
Calcium Hydroxide Upregulates Interleukin-10 Expression in TimeDependent Exposure and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation of HumanUmbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells ERIC PRIYO PRASETYO MEFINA KUNTJORO FEBRIASTUTI CAHYANISETYABUDI GOENHARTO WIDYA SARASWATI DEVI EKA JUNIARTI NIKEHENDRIJANTINI NINUK HARIYANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA FEDIKABDUL RANTAM
Study of School Entomology Factors on The Impact of Behavioral Changes(Combi) Of the Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in ElementarySchool ChildrenASRIWATI AMIRAH ISMAIL EFENDY ARIFAH DEVI FITRIANI ENDANG
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Authentication Analysis of Snakehead Fish Oil Using Combination of FTIRSpectra and ChemometricsFELLA SYIFA IRNAWATI ALDI BUDI RIYANTA ABDUL ROHMAN
Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus Among Rural Population in IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA FARRAS AMSI SALSABILA SUCI HANIFAH
Evaluation of Different Prepared Binary Systems for DifferentPharmaceutical ApplicationsOMAR YMADY AHMED ADONIA ESMAT ZEIN EL-DEEN SOAAD AHMED
Anti-Inflammatory And Toxicity Studies Of Substituted HydrazinePyrazolone DerivativesSINDHU E ROOPA P NAYAK PREMA SALDANHA DARSHAN RAJ C GSHASHIDHARA KS
Qualitative Analysis and In-Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of Cleome GynandraStemANANDARAJAGOPAL KALUSALINGAM NASYIKA SAMSUDIN ABDULLAH KHANKRUPAVARAM BETHALLA VIJAY KOTRA KAI BIN LIEW MEI JUN LOY SIEW MEIYEE
Adenine Used as Agent Induced of Chronic Kidney Disease Accompanied Anemiafor Rats and rHuEPO-alpha on MgO Nanoparrticles as Drug Delivery in vivo studyAMEER SULTAN ASMA HADI MOHAMMED FATIN FADHEL MOHAMMED AL-KAZAZSHAIMAA HAMED JABER
Social Function of Land and Legal Protection for Communities in Accessing theRight for RoadLATANIA TRIRAMDHANI SIYED ABDUL RAHMAN BIN SIYED OSMAN AL ATTAS
Recontextualizing The Patriarchal Dominance Of Manggarai Heritage CustomaryLaw System By Democratic And Gendered OrientationADRIANUS NGGORO FX ADJI SAMEKTO SUKIRNO
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Functional Features of The Cardiovascular System in Athletes with MinorHeart AnomaliesIN MEDVEDEV MA CHICHKOVA MVEREMIN AA SVETLICHKINA AVDORONTSEV NG PRYANIKOVA
Judicial Policy for The Covid-19 Pandemic in Comparative LegalPerspectiveMZMNOMANI ZAFAR HUSSAIN RENU DHAWAN
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Synthesis of Prodrugs of Metronidazole to Mask the Bitterness OMAR ABDULRAHMAN ALSHEIKHLY DANA AMEEN
Prospecting SEHAT-Kader Project to Decrease Perceived Stigma andImprove Quality of Life People Living With HIVAIDS at Kudus DistrictCentral JavaERNAWATI ERNAWATI NURSALAM NURSALAM SHRIMARTI RUKMINI DEVYSITI AMINAH AHMAD FATHUROHMAN TRI HARTITI ARIEF YANTOMACHMUDAH MACHMUDAH
The functional state of the body of older men experiencing regular recreationalstressSYUZAVALISHINA VYUKARPOV MVEREMIN NGPRYANIKOVASYUTATAROVA
Development Of Immune Structures Of The Leaning Intestine Of Rabbits InEarly Postnatal OntogenesisFIRDAVS ORIPOV SOPHIA BLINOVA TASHPULAT DEKHKANOV SALIMDAVLATOV
Verification of Radiation Methods in Diagnostics of Injuries of The KneeJoint Intra-Articular StructuresMARAT KHODZHIBEKOV OBID KHAMIDOV GULSHAT MARDIEVA
Antioxidant Activity and Acute Toxicity of New N4 -Substituted5-(124-Triazole-1-Ylmethyl)-124- Triazole-3-Thiones And S - DerivativesSSZYKOVA GVTSAPLIN VSTALISMANOV IPBULATOV SVPOPKOVGKARMA
Antimicrobial activity of quercetin from Majapahit (Crescentia cujete L) fruitextracts an in silico studySRI RAHMANINGSIH HERNIK PUJIASTUTIK
Novel 5-(4-bromophenyl)-13-oxazole derivatives Synthesis CharacterizationDocking and Evaluation of in vitro Anticancer ActivityPRADEEP GOLANI SUNIL KUMAR SHAH CKTYAGI
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A clinical study to evaluate the effect of Ardhamatrik Niruha Basti amp BalaTaila Sneha Basti in the management of Vatarakta wsr to GoutMAITREE PATEL LAL RAVI SAHU PARAPPAGOUDRA M RAVI PANDYA
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Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on oral health related quality oflifeTHANISH AHAMEDS ARVINA RAJASEKAR
Women Decision for the Post COVID 19 Era An Action to call from Delhi-NCR IndiaDRNITIN GIRDHARWAL DR MRINAL VERMA
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Biosimulation studies-based optimization of fungal derived LovastatinRSUPENDRA SANTHARAM S KATTA
The Effect of Mindfulness-based Eating Exercise with Social CognitiveTheory (SCT) Approach to Self-Efficacy and Dietary Adherence of DiabetesMellitus Type 2SYLVI HARMIARDILLAH KUSNANTO ILYA KRISNANA I KETUT ANDIKAPRIASTANA
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Multi-Machine Learning Binary Classification Feature Selection and ComparisonTechnique for Predicting Death Events Related to Heart DiseaseRITU AGGRAWAL SAURABH PAL
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Evaluation of mean platelet volume before and after iron deficiency anemiatreatmentSAFA AFARAJ ALAA M AL-RUBAE AHMED I ANSAF
Vitamin B12 Deficiency in COVID-19 Recovered Patients Case ReportELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Magnesium supplementation for premenstrual syndrome and premenstrualdysphoric disorderELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Management Of Drug Logistics At Pharmacy Installation Dr WahidinSudirohusodo Makassar Hospital GEMY NASTITY HANDAYANY FATHURRAHMI
Immunocorrection of patients with polytrauma depending on the facial regioninjury IBRAGIMOV DAVRON DASTAMOVICH BOYMURADOV SHUKHRATABDUJALILOVICH GOFFAROV USMON BOBONAZAROVICH BOBAMURATOVADILNOZA TURDIKULOVNA ISMATOV FARRUKH ISMATOV NAVRUZ
Biochemical Markers Of Metabolic Disorders In The Blood Of Patients With JawFractures In The Post-Traumatic Period
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Alternative solution for konigsberg bridge problem through the concept ofmatchingRSAMPATH KSRINIVASAN PTHARANIYA PELUMALAI
Domination in different graphsKMYTHILY SKALAIVANI PELUMALAI PTHARANIYA
Forensic medical assessment of injuries in pedestrian children in fatalautomobile injury INDIAMINOV SAYIT INDIAMINOVICH SHOYIMOV SHUKRILLOUMURZOKOVICH
The peculiarities of permanent teething in children living in Tashkent city ROZA KAMILOVA JAVLON KAMILOV
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Assessments of HBV in patients with chronic kidney illness ALAA HAMZA JABER AL-JELEHAWY SAIF JABBAR YASIR AHMED KIFAH ABEDAL-WAELI ALI RADIH ABULAMEER SHER ALI
Socio-economic analysis of broiler livestock business in West Lombok districtIndonesiaMUHAMMAD YASIN
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Supplementation of Feed Additives on Aquaculture Feeds A Review SANAA ABDULAZIZ MUSTAFA JAMAL KHALAF AL-FARAGI
Coronavirus disease (covid-19) outbreak in india DANIEL FRANCIS SELVARAJ BALAKRISHNAN S MANOPAUL P
Analysis of egg consumption in palu and sigi district communitiesKETUT SUARAYASA JULIUS SUGIHARTO SAIRAMA SARAGIH VITA ARISTYANITABERTIN AYU WANDIRA
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Combined With Multivariate Calibration forAnalysing Caffeine Nicotinamide and Pyridoxine In Simulated EnergyDrinks MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Online and conventional learning as viewed by students from pharmacy ELHAM ALSHAMMARI EMAN ALOTAIBI
New facile technique for estimation of piroxicam in bulk drugKAMAL SHAH GAURAV KRISHNA JEETENDRA KUMAR GUPTA
Oral Health Condition and Physical Activity of Children in COVID-19Pandemic NANDA RACHMAD PUTRA GOFUR AISYAH RACHMADANI PUTRI GOFURSOESILANINGTYAS RIZKI NUR RACHMAN PUTRA GOFUR MEGA KAHDINAHERNALIA MARTIDAL PUTRI
Physiological mechanisms for maintaining health in ontogenesisINMEDVEDEV DMPRAVDOV OAKOZLYATNIKOV NMLAPINASVPERSHIKOV VISHARAGIN
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Paclitaxel byHydrotropy Technique SYEDA SHABANA SULTANA DRKAPPANNA CHOWDARY DRSUMER SINGH
Implementation of code stroke protocol in acute ischemic stroke at ahospital in Aceh Indonesia SYAHRUL SYAHRUL ENDANG MUTIAWATI IMRAN IMRAN SUHERMANSUHERMAN NOVA DIAN LESTARI FARIDA FARIDA NURUL FAJRI NURULHUDA
Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria In Phthisio-Pulmonological Practice In TheRepublic Of Uzbekistan NARGIZA PARPIEVA SANJAR SULTANOV MUHABBAT DZHURABAEVAEKATERINA ANVAROVA BABAMATOVA KHILOLA MUKHAMEDOV KOZIM
Simple New Colorimetric Method Development for the Estimation of FlupirtineMaleate in Bulk and in Pharmaceutical dosage Form PVDUSE KGBAHETI
Collaboration Between Interprofessional Healthcare and Patients to ImproveQuality of Life Type 2 Diabetes via Smartphone Application LUSY NOVIANI AJENG DIANTINI ANAS SUBARNAS
The impact of exogenous and endogenous factors on the stomach wall macro-microscopic anatomy of newborn white ratsSHUKHRAT JTESHAYEV DILSHOD KKHUDOYBERDIYEV SALIM SDAVLATOV
Morphometric characteristics of parts of rat kidney nephron in normal andunder the influence of an antiseptician - facility 2 road stimulator on thebackground of chronic radiating disease
JURAT JBAKHRONOV SHUKHRAT JTESHAEV MUSHARRAF SSHODIEVA
Clinical Course Of Purulent Soft Tissue Diseases On The Background OfDiabetes Mellitus And Diffusive Toxic GoiterBAKODIR BSAFOYEV OBIDMKURBANOV MALOHAT SSHAROPOVA
Evaluating Glycemic Response to Lidocaine with Two DifferentVasoconstrictors in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Tooth ExtractionCrossover Randomized Clinical StudyFERAS SULAIMAN NURALDEEN MAHER AL-KHANATI BASSEL BRAD RUBAJUMAA
Clinical and Angiocalibrometric Changes of Retina Vessels in Patients withIdiopathic RetinovasculitisUSENKO VALENTINA UMETALIEVA MAANA GENTSELMAN DMITRY
Assessment of Erythropoietin Levels and Correlation with Cytokines inPatients with Chronic Heart Failure GADAEV AG TURAKULOVRI QURBONOV AK SABIROV MASAYFULLAYEV MB GADAEVA NA
Nano Sponges for The Enhancement of Topical Sustained Delivery ofTerbinafine HClVISHAL B RAWAL PREETHI S ANANYA K V AMIT B PATIL DV GOWDA
A Novel Validated Gradient Hplc Method For Analysing Axitinib And Their ProcessRelated Impurities By Pda DetectionSHYAMALA DASHOK PSHYAM
Impact of drug information services on patient safety at East Jeddah Hospital inSaudi Arabia a retrospective studyAYED AALKATHEERI YOUSEF MALJOHANI AHMAD AALSHAMRANI MANE ALSALIM NARDEEN BAKHEET AKRAM AALSALMI YAHYA AALZAHRANI
A QbD based study in development optimization and forced degradationbehaviour of Epinastine Hydrochloride in Metered dose inhaler by RP-HPLC BIKASH RANJANJENA SIVA PRASAD PANDA UMASANKAR KULANDAIVELURAJASEKHAR REDDY ALAVALA GSNKOTESWARA RAO SURYAKANTA SWAINDEBASHISHGHOSE DEBI PRASAD PRADHAN
Medical and social problems of the development of congenitalmalformations during a pandemicDILNOZA SHKUDRATOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIMSDAVLATOV
Pathomorphological characteristics of the vaginal mucosa in experimentalnotspecific vaginitis and various methods of treatmentFERUZA SHORIPOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIM SDAVLATOV
Legislation Procedures of Forming Regional Regulations and Its Implication onthe Politics of Law in IndonesiaLITA TYESTA ALW AMALIA DIAMANTINA
Effect of Passive Smoking on Low Birth Weight (Lbw) Incidence inIndonesia Analysis of Riskesdas Data In 2018 WULAN SARI RASNA GIRI SEMBIRING BESRAL MILLA HERDAYATI
Study The Antibacterial Activity Of Uwi Sap (Dioscorea AlataL) Extracts FromIndonesia In Damaging Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Cells ANURFITRIANI META MAHENDRADATTA AMRAN LAGA ZAINAL
Prevalence of Depression and Its Determinant Among Diabetic Patients ASystematic Review from Southeast Asia CountriesNOVITA DHEWI IKAKUSUMAWATI SUSI ARI KRISTINA ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Isolation and Characterization of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and ProducingIAA (Indole Acetic Acid) From Rice Rhizosphere from The Soppeng RegencyA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI4AND MASNIAWATI
3D Printing in Pharmaceutics Role of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in DrugDeliveryAHMED MSHKARA MOWAFAQ MGHAREEB
A Prospective study to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling in improvinginhaler device technique in COPD patients using MDI with spacer and MDIETHIRAJAN NANDAGOPAL M SUMITHRA N MEENAKSHI
Comparative In Vitro Anticancer Study Of 4-Thiazolidinone Scaffold BearingThiadiazole Moiety Derived from Phenolic AldehydesNEETU CHOPRA SANDEEP JAIN NAVIDHA AGGARWAL
The Severe Varicella Zoster Infection with Kidney Transplant Patient UsingImmunosuppressantMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RIA BANDIARA RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDOLUBIS ENITA RAKHMAWATI KURNIAATMAJA HENDRA WANA NURrsquoAMINRULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAH ROESLI
Classifications of Eye InjuriesINDIAMINOV SAYIT INDIAMINOVICH DAVRANOVA AZIZA ERKINOVNA
Preparation Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation of Erlotinib Gellan Beads SOUMIYA SUKUMAR SANTHIAGU AROCKIASAMY MANJUSHA CHEMMATTUMOOTHONA
Personalized medicine A Review on scope and its pitfall VEERAPPAN MUTHUSAMY ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Inhibition of Osteoporosis by Endophytes ndash A Computational ApproachDRSDAISYLIN ANBU SUJITHA CHELLAM JAYNTHY
Awareness of breast cancer and Breast Self-Examination among female Pharmacyprofessionals in BengaluruAPOORVA DEVM DRGITHA KISHORE
Quality by Design Approach For Formulation Optimization of Ethosomal VesicularCarrier of CurcuminVISHAL KAPOOR SHAILESH JAIN
Assistance on post market examination and Reporting of problemsassociated with In-vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices under current healthemergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in India SELLA SENTHIL M SRUTHI N ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Problem Focused Coping and Parental Stress in The Autonomy of Oral Self-care for Down Syndrome ChildrenSITI FITRIA ULFAH TRI WAHONO AGUS MARJIANTO
Impact of a pharmacist-led asthma and COPD respiratory clinic in a hospitalsettingELHAM ALSHAMMARI NADA ALSALEH
Scereening Of Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to increaselocal aromatic rice plant growthSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDRABDUL RAHIM SALEH
Thyroid Hormones Profile In Patients with Alopecia Areata A Single Center Study MOHAMMAD SHAHATHA NAYAF AHMED ABDUL-AZIZ AHMED HAYDER SAADAHMED WISAM SUHAIL NAJEM
Redesign of the Legislative Function of the Regional Representative Councilof the Republic of Indonesia to Strengthen Regional AutonomyZULFAN RETNO SARASWATI SUKIRNO NABITATUS SArsquoADAH
Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending as a Breakthrough in the Acquisition of SMECapital in Indonesia ERY AGUS PRIYONO MUHAMAD AZHAR
Spatial Zoning and Community Partnership on the Development of Coastaland Marine Resources in Tourism Spots of Bali and LombokANA SILVIANA MIRA NOVANA ARDANI MAUVAL NOVARAHMAN SATRIA
Ventral dartos flap in second layer of hypospadias prospective studyJIHAD ANAD KHALEF CABU FIBMS
Determination of Fruit Ripeness Formulations and Sterilisation Processes toImprove the Quality of Crude Palm Oil ADI RUSWANTO ARI HANDONO RAMELAN IDA BAGUS BANYURO PARTHADANAR PRASEPTIANGGA
Classification and prediction of patin fish oilrsquos antioxidant activities fromdifferent origins using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometricsANGGITA ROSIANA PUTRI ABDUL ROHMAN SUGENG RIYANTOWIDIASTUTI SETYANINGSIH
Effectiveness of Binahong Leaves (Anredera Cordifolia) And Vitamin E as HerbalAnti-Inflammatory in Rats (Rattus Novergicus) Acute Metritis Based on CD4Levels and T LymphocytesVISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN LISTYA PUTRI HANDAYANI GALUH CHANDRAAGUSTINA YUDIT OKTANELLA DESI WULANSARI
Cinnamon Leaf Extract to Control Anthracnose Disease on Chilli Plants inBali A Novel and New Potential ANAK AGUNG KETUT DARMADI NI LUH SURIANI IDA BAGUS GEDEDARMAYASA IDA BAGUS MADE SUASKARA NI MADE GARI AHMADFUDHOLI
Assessment OF Serum 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA)Reducates and Liver X Receptor As Predictor For Liver DiseasesANTESAR RHEEM OBEAD ANMAR HAMEED BLOH HAIDER RASOL ABBASSALWAHAMI
Gaps In The Publicrsquos Awareness And Protective Practices During PivotalTime Of COVID-19 Pandemic A Survey From IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA MAWARDI IHSAN
The Effects Of Eleutherine Palmifolia On Depression Behavior Mda BdnfSerotonin And Norepinefrin Levels In A Rat Model Of DepressionSHERLY LIMANTARA MASRUROH RAHAYU NOORHAMDANI MOCH ISTIADJIDEDDY SANTOSO
Association of Medication Adherence with Quality of Life and TreatmentSatisfaction Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients ALEENA ANDREW SARA JOSE SUDHA M VENKATESWARAMURTHY NSAMBATH KUMAR R SHANMUGASUNDARAM R
Comparative Study of Entropy Module and Titrated Doses of Propofol ForInduction of AnaesthesiaDRPREETHI DHAMOTHARAN MBBS DRSONAL BHAT DRSHAILA S KAMATH
Identification of Phenolic Compound from Active Subfraction Of BaccaureaRacemosa Pulp by High Resolution Mass SpectrometryLINA PERMATASARI SUGENG RIYANTO ABDUL ROHMAN
Efficacy of Escitalopram versus Desvenlafaxine in Treatment of DepressionA Comparative Study from a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital DR SAIKIRAN PASUPULA DR MOUNICA YEDLAPALLI DR RAJESWARIPASUPULA DR SAKA MEGHANA DR SURESH KUMAR KOTA
Effect of seed priming with polyamines on Barley(Hordeum Vulgare L) WARQAA MUHAMMED SHARIFF AL-SHEIKH
Cinnamaldehydersquos Potential Inhibitory Effect towards Planktonic and Biofilm ofOral BacteriaDIYAH TRI UTAMI SYLVIA UTAMI TUNJUNG PRATIWI TETIANA HANIASTUTITRIANA HERTIANI
Antimicrobial Activity of Oleuropine and Thyme Extracts Against SelectedPathogenic Microorganisms and their Potential Uses as NaturalPreservativesYOUSEF SAHOURY HANI NASEEF MOHAMMAD FARRAJ MOAMMAL QURTLINA EL- KHAIRY
Free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract and compoundsisolated from stems of Etlingera rubroloba AD PoulsenASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
Ocular Complications in Type 1 DiabetesANAHITA ZAKERI HABIB OJAGHI MANOUCHEHR IRANPARVAR ALAMDARIFIROUZ AMANI MONIR SHOAA TELMA ZAHIRIAN MOGHADAM
The Outcome of Partial Arthroplasty for Treatment of Type 1 IntertrochantericFractures in Iraqi Elderly PatientsRAAD JAWAD KADHIM
Laparoscopic and Open Burch Colposuspension For Stress Urinary IncontinenceAdvantages DisadvantagesAHMED ALI OBAID SHIREN ALI AL-HAMZAWI AHMED ABDUL AMEER ALWAN
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Development of Oral Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) OfRosuvastatin Calcium Formulation Characterization And In-Vitro Drug ReleaseStudyADNAN BURHAN QADER AHMED ABBAS HUSSEIN
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Incisional Hernia Different Approaches The Defect Size Is the RefereeADIL SHAKER AL TAMIMI ISRAA ABDUL WAHED DHEEB
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Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in FemaleGenital TractMUSTAFA SALAM ABDULKHALEQ NOAMAN MUTHANA ABDULKADERALMAHDAWY
Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Women in Diyala Governorate by UsingAmsels Criteria and Nugents ScoresZUHAIR HASSAN ALWAN MUTHANNA AL-MAHDAWI SHAYMAA MOHAMMEDALWAN
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)
SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI H MEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Nature of oral cancer progression according to gender evaluation throughmetastasis and recurrence - A Single University StudySINDHU PRIYA KUPPUSAMY SUNDARA MURTHY DRMAHATHINDRSURESH
Prevalence of class I occlusion in mixed dentitionNIVETHA G ARVIND S
Age and gender related distribution of patients undergoing maxillary thirdmolar extractionsSAM JOHN KOSHY MADHULAXMI M SIVAKUMAR M
Knowledge attitude and awareness of platelet rich fibrin among dentalstudents in chennaiABHISHEK NARAM MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW DEEPAK S
Evaluation of the awareness of gingival recession amongst patients whounderwent root coverage treatment - A retrospective studyVUNNAM SRI SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
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Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
Prevalence of Patients Seeking Aesthetic Treatment Options inOrthodontics - A Retrospective Study MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL M NAVEEN KUMAR
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
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Anemia as An Etiological Agent for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ARetrospective StudyMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARY MANJARI
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
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Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment of Dental Management of Mentally Challenged Patients Treatedin Special Care Dentistry in A Hospital Setting- Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
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Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Awareness And Knowledge About Pharmacotherapy Of Angular Cheilitis AmongUg Dental Students In Private Dental College ChennaiVINAYA SWETHAT DRDEEPIKA RAJENDRAN DRKIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
A Retrospective Study On Evaluation Of Patients With Recurrent AphthousStomatitisREVATHIB DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI HMEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
passifloraceae in the treatment of neurasthenia HUYNH TAN HOI
Prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute st- elevation myocardialinfarctionDRATPARDESI DRDILIP PPATIL DRRAHUL PATIL DRMAKARAND BMANE
A study to determine angiographic findings in patients of acute coronarysyndrome at teaching HospitalDRMRSPATIL SHILPA DRMRSPATANGE APARNA DRMRSVASANT DEOKARDRMRSKAPALE RJ DRMRS PUJARI BHUPAL
Effect of iron deficiency anemia on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values innon-diabetesDRDANIEL PJHON DRJABBAR DESAI DRAMIT PORWAL DRMRSKAPALE RJDRUTMANE
A study of microalbuminuria in newly detected hypertensive individuals in tertiarycare centreDRSSKULKARNI DRUTMANE DRPUJARI BHUPAL DRRAHUL SPATIL
Chemometrics-Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Paracetamol and Tramadol in Divided Powder DosageFormDINA CHRISTIN AYUNING PUTRI MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUSDIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds inWistar Albinos ratsFATIMA EL KAMARI HASSAN LAAROUSSI DRISS OUSAAID YASSINE EL ATKIAMAL TAROQ IMANE AOUAM BADIAA LYOUSSI ABDELFATTAH ABDELLAOUI
Study of flavanoid determination of uwi sap extract (Dioscorea alataL)NURFITRIANIA META MAHENDRADATTA AMRAN LAGA ZAINAL
a-Glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of butyrolactone I derivedfrom Aspergillus terreus and evaluation of its acute toxicity RIZNA TRIANA DEWI TENI ERNAWATI HANI MULYANI AKHMAD DARMAWANINDAH DWIATMI DEWIJANTI SOFNA BANJARNAHOR TRI YULIANI MARISSAANGELINA SOFA FAJRIAH ABDI WIRA SEPTAMA
HPMC Polymeric System Structural Contribution in Controlling Drug Release inSustained Drug Delivery SystemAJIT KULKARNI VIPUL DHASADE VIVEK INGALE AMIT KASABE ARCHANAYADAV SANTOSH FATTEPUR NAGARAJA SREEHARSHA EBHAVYA
Drug-Induced Acute PancreatitisANURAG LAVEKAR UMESH MARAPPA SWARALI TADWALKAR VIVEKCHAUDHARI
Comparative Study Of Amino Acids Profile Of Eel Fish (Anguilla Bicolor) In TheYellow Eel And Silver Eel Phase From Lake PosoJAMALUDDIN NURrsquoAENI AGUSTINUS WIDODO WA ODE SITTI MUSNINA
Physical Chemistry Characterization of Gelatin on Eel Fish Bone (Anguillamarmorata Q Gaimard) With Various Concentrations of Solvent Base andExtraction TimeJAMALUDDIN AKHMAD KHUMAIDI RAODHATUL JANNA YONELIAN YUYUNAGUSTINUS WIDODO PITRIANI
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The Rationale For Performing Hybrid Mediastinal Lymph Node DissectionBy Transhiatal Access For Thoracic Esophageal CancerDJAKHANGIR SABIROV BAKHTIYOR MADIYOROV ABDUGAFFAR RASULOVNIZOM ERMATOV ORZIGUL YUSUPOVA
Effect Of Dietary And Lifestyle Transitions On Functional Immune SystemSARAH MOHAMED R S UPENDRA SHRADDHA BIJALWAN VAISHNAVI BHAGWANBOPTE ABHINASH KUMAR GIRI
Title Updates on community pharmacistsrsquo involvement in tuberculosis program inIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity and DPPH radical scavenging Assay ofisolated compound from Etlingera rubroloba (Blume) AD Poulsen stemASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
2d-Qsar Study Of Synthesized Novel Derivatives Of 134-OxadiazolesSOMASHEKHAR M R B KOTNAL S R KARAJAGI
Molecular and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric determination ofFurosemide via complex formation with Chromium ionKHITAM JABER NABHAN ABBAS SHEBEEB HASAN AL-KADUMI JWAN ODAYABDULSATTAR
Direct and Indirect Cost of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia A PrevalenceBased Study with Human Capital ApproachSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds Oil of Agricultural Wastein MalaysiaSHAKINAZ DESA ASAAD ABBAS KHALAF SYARUL NATAQAIN BINTIBAHARUM MUSTAFA MUDHAFAR
Tribulus terrestris Linn Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced By Monosodium-Glutamate An In Vivo EvidenceGOMATHI SWAMINATHAN SRIKANTH JUPUDI SATHISH R ROSHAN NS
Clinical and experimental value of integrated lymphatic therapy in nonspecificulcerative colitisYULDOSHALI EGAMOV AKHTAM RUZIYEV SARVAR KHAIDAROV GULISHAYKHOVA ADILBEK RAJABOV NIZOM ERMATOV
Protective Effects of Antagonism of Interleukin-1 Receptors in 3-nitropropionicAcid Provoked Huntington Disease-Related SymptomsSURBHI GUPTA BHUPESH SHARMA
The Correlation between Serum Iron Level and Transferrin Saturation withReticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent (RET-He) in Routine HemodialysisMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDO LUBIS RIABANDIARA ABDUL HADI MARTAKUSUMAH RULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAHROESLI DEDI RACHMADI
Antileukotriene Drugs in The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in ChildrenMIRRAKHIMOVA MAKTUBA XABIBULLAYEVNA ABDULLAEVA DILOROMTELMANOVNA ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ GAYRATOVNA SAGDULLAYEVA MAFURAABDUKARIMOVNA ABDULLAYEVA MUXLISA MASRUROVNA
Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate Versus Normal Saline in the Prevention ofContrast-Induced Nephropathy among Cardiac Patients A Cohort Study in SaudiArabia SIREEN ABDULRAHIM SHILBAYEH ATHEER MUSAAD BIN HAMEED MAYMOHAMMED ALOWAYEDH RAGHAD ABDULMOHSEN ABAHUSSAIN HAYA ALIMUKHAYLIB HIND KHALID SID AHMED
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effect on Quality of Life among AdolescentPopulation A Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia SIREEN A SHILBAYEH WEDYAN A ALHUSSAIN ALANOUD S ALHIBS NAJLA GALMALKI NOUF A ALMAJHAD SAMAR T NOURI SARAH M ALSALEH
Maximal Matching in Fractal Graphs and Its ApplicationPTHARANIYA GJAYALALITHA
Anticancer properties of hymecromone-derived compounds A reviewNOORA THAMER ABDULAZIZ YASSER FAKRI MUSTAFA
Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of new 15-Benzodiazepine derivatives contain Cyclic imides and Mannich basesMALATH KHALAF RASHEED DIANA ABDALKREEMAL-RIFAIE DHAMER ISMAELMADAB
Componential Description Of Medicated Foams A ReviewHAYDER HUSSEIN ALWAN HANAN JALAL KASSAB
Molecular Study Of The TG Gene Polymorphisms In Patients WithHashimotorsquos Thyroiditis Among Iraqis PopulationBASMAN A NADHIM ABBAS G HAMMED HAYDER O HASHIM NAZAR JMETIB
Comparative genetic study for some species of the family Poaceae using theRAPD molecular indicatorSALWAH HAMZA HUSSEIN AL-HASSNWY RUQAYA MANOON HASAN AL-NOMANI
Quercetin Isolated from Dried Ginkgo Biloba leaves with the PhytochemicalScreeningFARQAD M BAQER BASSAM A HASSAN FADIL MOHSEN HAMED
Therapeutic efficacy of protein compound extractionfromMetapenaeusaffinisagainst glucosamine sulphate-induced nephrotoxicity inmale ratsAMAL KABBAS
Evaluation of HER2-Neu status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situhybridization as a prognostic factor in gastric and gastro-esophageal cancerEAMAN SUUD KHALIFA AYSER HAMEED LATIF
Can IL1szlig and IL10 levels assessment in endometrial secretion predict pregnancyoutcome after ICSI A prospective studyTAIF EIMAD AHMED FADIA J AL-IZZI QAYS AHMED MAHDI
Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and its complexes with some metal ions and Their FluorescenceStudyINAM HASHIM IBRAHIM HASAN A HASAN
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Al-Anbar Governorate Western of IraqIBRAHIM NS AL-KAISSI SAAD M SHUKR MARWA A KUBBA
New Polymeric Coii Niii And Cdii Complexes With Tetrazole Schiff-Base LigandsSynthesis Spectral Characterisation And Biological ActivityRIYADH M AHMED BAIDAA K AL-RUBAYE NASRY J HUSSIEN ENAAM I YOUSIFHASAN A HASAN MOHAMAD J AL-JEBOORI
Evaluation of the Cytocompatibility of Novel Gingival Retraction Pastes based onBoswellia papyrifera
HIBA A SALMAN MANHAL A MAJEED EAMAN A AL-RUBAEE
Isolation and genotyping of local Toxoplasma gondii strains in infected chickenABDULRAZZAQ MOHAMMED HAMOOD ALI MOHAMMED ABED
Preparation and characterization of diazepam loaded nanomicelles for pediatricintravenous dose adjustmentMUHANNAD SALAH AL RADHI MOHAMMED SABAR AL-LAMI ENAS ABDULSAHIB
Baseline Widal Titre Amongst the Healthy Individuals from Western RuralMaharashtraIndia DR RAVINDRA V SHINDE ANJALI R SHINDE DR S T MOHITE DR SANDEEPB SHINDE DR S K PAWAR DR S R PATIL
IoT BASED CPAP MACHINEJPREMKUMAR TSUDHAKAR ABDULLAH S ABHIJIT GOSWAMI EKAVITHA
To the Problem of Fungal Pathology in the Hot Climate in Children and AdultsSHAIKHOVA GULI ERMATOV NIZOM ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ ABDULLAEVADILOROM YUSUPOVA ORZIGUL ALLAYEVA MUNIRA
Effect of Tender Coconut Water on Experimental Urolithiasis An In Vitro StudyGAYATRI S SOWNDARYA S KARTHIKEYAN G
Development and Optimization of Multiple-Unit Floating Drug Delivery System ofPregabalin Using Quality by Design (QbD) ApproachMONIKA KHARB YSTANWAR
Dissolution profile comparison of two marketed Favipiravir tabletsSANDEEP KHATALE CHAUDHARI NIKHIL SURESH ANAGHA UPASANINILAM BHUSARE
Development of a Tool to Assess the Safe and Quality Use of ImmunizationJUNY SEBASTIAN GURUMURTHY PARTHASARATHI MANDYAM DHATI RAVI
Effectiveness of Olive Oil Massage on Post Caesarean Pain and Quality of Sleepamong Primigravida MothersPRIYADARSINIA REVATHIPG
Assessment of the Quality of Life and the Level of Depression in Patients withChronic Kidney Disease on Programmed HemodialysisAKSNA M KARDANGUSHEVA LILIYA V ELGAROVA ZARINA A SHUGUSHEVAIRINA H ALMOVA SOFIAT KH SIZHAZHEVA
The Expression of Immunohistochemistry IL-10 And IL-18 On Helminth-InfectedMice Treated With The Extract Of Areca catechu LENDY JULI ANTO AZNAN LELO SYAFRUDDIN ILYAS MARLINE NAINGGOLAN
Evaluation of Basic Plants in The Bank of Healthy Potato Varieties in The NorthernRegion and The High Mountain ZoneOVES EV
An objective assessment of the importance of regions for beekeeping based onmelliferous resources and ambient temperatureVNKULAKOV AGMANNAPOV
Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosaceain Iraqi PatientsSAMER A DHAHER
Construction and Validation of Ayurveda Health Assessment Questionnaire(AHAQ) Based on Characteristics of Health (Arogya Linga) Mentioned by AcharyaKashyapa DR SAURABH AGRAWAL DRSHIVAKUMAR DRMBKAVITHA DRASHA KP
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Film Loaded with IbuprofenNanoparticlesVISHAL B RAWAL AFRASIM MOIN SUBHAM JAIN N AMIT B PATILMEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Orodispersible Tablets ContainsIbuprofen Loaded Microfiber for Better In-Vitro DissolutionSUBHAM JAIN N AFRASIM MOIN VISHAL B RAWAL AMIT B PATIL MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S DV GOWDA
Co-Amorphous Based Supersaturated Urea-Losartan Potassium TransdermalFormulation For HypertensionNANHI NANDINI AFRASIM MOIN ROHINI BHATTACHARYA MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISHBABU P NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Characterization and Formulation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System ofPiroxicamROHINI BHATTACHARYA AFRASIM MOIN NANHI NANDINI MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISH BABU P NITHIN KS D V GOWDA
Identifying gene clusters as signature biomarkers for predictingmethotrexate effectiveness and potential side effects during RheumatoidArthritis therapyANAS KHALEEL AFNAN MEQBEL ROWAN ALEJIELAT YAZAN SBATARSEH ABDALLAH A ELBAKKOUSH BAYAN Y GHANIM CRISTINA IBATARSEH NIDAL A QINNA
Recent Trends on Regulatory Aspects of Nanotechnology in IndianPharmaceutical MarketDAKA NAGARJUNA REDDY DR MAHAVEER SINGH DR BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVADR KONDA RAVI KUMAR
Toxicopathological And Biochemical Impacts Of 2378 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-
Dioxin ( TCDD ) On Liver Of Albino Male RatsANAS AHUMADI SAMER I SABEEH BUSHRA I AL-KAISEI ALI IBRAHIM ALI AL-EZZY
Characterisation Of Encapsulated Beta Vulgaris LinnDry Powder Extract InChitosanSANGGITA AYU IKASARI ANITA SUKMAWATI
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Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
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In Vitro Quantitative Assessment of Viability of Echinococcus granulosusProtoscoleces after Treatment with Ruta graveolens L Methanolic Extract YASEEN TAHA AL QAISI KHALED M KHLEIFAT SAWSAN ATALLAH ORAN
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
Effect of the polymeric matrix on the physicochemical properties of the Diclofenacsodium loaded fibers in Orodispersible TabletsSURABHI C AFRASIM MOIN GIRISH S H MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAHPREETHI S NITHIN K S DVGOWDA
Gene therapy by studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism(rs11886868 amp rs766432) at the BcL11A gene on the severity of beta-thalassemiadisease in the province of AL-NajafHANAN A ABLAA WISAM NAJI ATIYAH AL-MEHANA IBTIHAL KAREEM MAHDITHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN
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An Overview on Modern Drug Delivery Nanotechnology for the Management ofAcne VulgrisAISHWARYA REDDY KARTHICK RAMAN SURESHKUMAR
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Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
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Minangkabau matrilineal society perception of pregnant womens health servicesDEVI SYARIEF ANDI ZULKIFLI ABDULLAH SURIAH HEALTHY HIDAYANTYGUSLINDA ULFA SURYANI YOLA YOLANDA
Internet addiction and its relationship to academic achievement motivationtowards middle schoolAFKAR FADHIL KAREEM FARHANLAAIZ LUAY ABDULWAHID SHIHAB
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Some Aspects of Modeling in the Study of COVID-19 DataSYED KHALID MUSTAFA VYACHESLAV LYASHENKO NAMEER AHAMADMOHAMMAD REHAN AJMAL MAYAZ AHMAD
Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
Design and Evaluation of Solid Self-Emulsifying IBUPROFEN Pellets withCommercial Available IBUPROFEN TabletsKALAISELVI R CSAI KISHAN KOWSALYA N AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAHDVGOWDA
Relationship among Scrotal Size Body Weight and Feedstuffs of Bali Cattle BullProductivityABYADUL FITRIYAH MULYOTO PANGESTU SUPRIYONO ABDUL FATTAH
Prevalence of Dental Erosion and Associated Risk Factors among SchoolChildren aged 6 to 10 years A Cross-Sectional StudyDR PRIYANKA DANTHAM DR HEMA MANVI BADI DR SIVAKUMAR NUVVULA
Core-Shell Nanoparticle Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Hyaluronic Acid asAbsorbable Dressing Based Hydrogel Post-Gingivectomy A ReviewMARTINING SHOFFA PUSPITANINGRUM MOHAMMAD ALI MAKSUM DEVY PUTRIKUSUMAWARDHANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA
An Overview of Buccal Drug Delivery SystemRENU MISHRA DRSUSHMA VERMA
Maternal Factors Affecting the Incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) inIndonesiaMIFTAHUL ARSYI BESRAL
Interrelation of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors as a Predictor of EarlyClinical Prediction of Schizophrenia with Paroxysmal CourseMARK LAZAREVICH AGRANOVSKIY MAHFUZA ALIMOVNA DOLIMOVAABDURAHMON ALISHEROVICH MIRZAEV SHAVKAT KHABIBULLAYEVAISLAMOVABDUVOHID HATAMOVICH KARIMOV
Synthesis Characterization of Diazepine-Bicycles System and Study of their Bio-BehaviorDR NAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI RABAB MAHDI UBAID MAHMOOD
Chalcone-Heterocyclic Derivatives (Synthesis Spectral Identification MicrobialEvaluation)HUTHAM ABD ALI ABD AL HUSSAIN DRNAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI
Strengthening of Social Capital through Penta Helix Model in HandlingCovid-19 PandemicAMBO UPE ZULHAM IBRAHIM MUHAMMAD ARSYAD ADI SUMANDIYARARYUNI SALPIANA JABAR
A Novel Biometric Recognition System for FingerprintUsing Polar HarmonicTransformANLI SHERINE DRGENO PETER
Henry Girouxs Progressive Educational thought in the Perspective of EducationalPhilosophyNUR KHASANAH FATAH SYUKUR ABDUL WAHIB ACHMAD IRWAN HAMZANIHAVIS ARAVIK
Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal Complications in Twin PregnanciesMARZIEH GHASEMI NARJES NOORI ALIREZA DASHIPOUR ARGHAVANFARAZMAND
Comparison between Water Birth and Land Birth in Terms of Delivery DurationLabor Need to Drug Birthing and Neonatal OutcomesFATEMEH TARA TARANEH ARBABZADE MAHBOUBEH PARACHEH SOODABEHREZAEE MARZIEH GHASEMI HAMEE ASHRAF
Classification of Patients with Polymorphism szlig Fibrinogen Gene - 455GA byApplying K-Nearest Neighbor Computation Method in Administering FibrinogenLevelsAL-KHOWARIZMI MARISCHA ELVENY RAHMAD SYAH
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Investigating Community Decisions in Online Medicines PurchasingANAK AGUNG SAGUNG NARITHI MAHARANI ANAK AGUNG NGURAH EDDYSUPRIYADINATHA GORDA
Wearing Compression Shorts on Reduced Lactate Accumulation FollowingStrenuous Exercise From Basketball-Specific Fatigue Program in Elite MaleBasketball PlayersTAWATCHAI PLOYDANG SOMPOL SANGUANRUNGSIRIKUL WILAI ANOMASIRI
Validation of Real Time PCR (TaqMan) Approach in Diagnosing Patients withTuberculosis in Northeast of IranMALIHEH BEHBODI GRO MEHRI HOSSEINI LEILA MANZOURI ASGHAR SHARIFISEYED ABDOLRAHIM REZAEE OWRANG EILAMI SEYED REZA KHOSRAVANISEYED ABDOLMAJID KHOSRAVANI
Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
Development And Validation Of In-Vitro Dissolution Method For Estimation OfEmtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate And Efavirenz In Tablet Dosage Formby UHPLCNIMIT VASA DRBHAVESH PATEL PARTH PATEL SAGAR SOLANKI
P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
Characterization and Evaluation of combination of Aromatase InhibitorResveratrol and Docetaxel against ER positive cell lines MCF-7 and ER negativecell lines MDAMB231 in Breast CancerPREETI SINGH SHIV KR YADAV SATISH SARDANA UROOJ A KHAN RUPAGUPTA
Morphological and ITS Based Characterization of Some Important Fungi Isolatedfrom Desert Soil under Harsh environmentTHAMER HALBALAWI
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
The Clinical Cruciality of Resistin in the Emanation of Polycystic Ovary Syndromein Female Individuals and Its Prediction HAAEL SUBHI ABBAS
Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
The Potential Effect of Metformin Therapy on Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio inPatients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus A New HorizonMOHANAD ADEL MOHAMMED NAWAR R HUSSIEN MARWA S AL-NIEMIHAYDER M ALKURAISHY
Juridical Study on the Dissolution of Religious Activities by CommunityOrganizationsIDIANTO NYOMAN SERIKAT PUTRA JAYA ASEP NANA MULYANA
Nurses Needs and Expectations after Natural Disasters Trauma Based on Valuesand CultureMUSTIKASARI HARIF FADHILLAH ANGGI PRATIWI RINA SETIANA NURSALAM
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicansfrom Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
Efficiency of Ohmic heating for Microbial inactivation in Mango (Mangifera indicaL) pulp APARAJITA PRIYADARSHINI KALPANA RAYAGURU PRAKASH KUMAR NAYAKCHANDRASHREE LENKA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERAL BYRAGI REDDY TSRAVANTHI KR PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of cadmium in Swiss albino micePRIYANKA DADUPANTHI SHILPA BHARGAVA
Response of blood groups to COVID-19 infection TAMER I ABDEL-WAHAB SHERIF I ABDEL-WAHAB EMAN I ABDEL-WAHABMANAL MADEL
Trends in Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Linezolid and Tigecycline onVarious Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusAYESHA FIRDOSE ASHWINI HEGDE SEVITHA BHAT ARCHANA BHATRADHAKRISHNA M
The Anti-apoptotic Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Effects of Ranolazine onRenal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Adult Male Rats LAMAAN MABBAS AHMED MABDUL HAMEED WEAAM JABBAS MAYSABDULSATAR NAJAH RHADI
Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
Effect of Long Exposure Against Quantity and Quality of DNA in ToothpickSamples as an Alternative for Individual IdentificationBETA NOVIA RIZKY MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA AMIATUN RUTH AHMADYUDIANTO
Application of Strict Liability Concept to Companies that Commit Crimes ofEnvironmental DestructionARSHINTA FITRI DIYANI ARIEF HIDAYAT RETNO SARASWATI
Development of Bank Secrecy Principle Regulations to Uncover Crimes andIncrease State Revenue in IndonesiaDHIAN INDAH ASTANTI AGA NATALIS
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Multimoda Mosquito Killer BG-360 andPhotocatalyst Mosquito amp Fly trapsMUBARAK TRI BASKORO TUNGGUL SATOTO SRI HARTINI ALVA EDY TONTOWI
Chili Peppers Extract Could Prevent Kidney Stone IncidenceANAS KHALEEL TALAL SALEM AL-QAISI ABDALLAH AHMED ELBAKKOUSHMOHAMMAD NIAZI HUSNI S FARAH KHALED ABDUL-AZIZ AHMED RAFATABUTALEB
Hepatic Encephalopathy Precipitated By Sepsis and Outcome of Its ManagementANUSHA NARAYANAN RAMA P VENU RENJITHA BHASKARAN ROSHNI PR
Enrichment of Gut Ecosystem by Daily Supplementation of Selective ProbioticStrains and Probiotic Complex in Dysbiosis Condition of AutismKSUNAND GKRISHNA MOHAN VASUDHA BAKSHI
Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
Assessing Patient Satisfaction with Community Pharmacy Services in Yogyakarta
IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
Perception of Stroke Warning Symptoms in At-Risk Patients SOMSAK THOJAMPA SIRIKANOK KLANKHAJHON WUTTICHAI SAHATTECHOORAWAN PAIROJWOOTTIPONG JIRAPA JUNBUA
Comparative Analysis of Abortion Arrangement on the Draft Criminal Code (RuuKuhp) and Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 36 of 2009 Concerning HealthMUHAMMAD DZIKIRULLAH H NOHO BUDI SANTOSO PARAMITAPRANANINGTYAS ROFI WAHANISA
Anticonvulsant activity of alcoholic leaf extract of Centella asiatica in ratsM S UMAMAGESWARI V RHEVANTH T M KARTHIKEYAN
Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Nanoemulsion Containing Mixed HerbalExtract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic RatsERINDYAH R WIKANTYASNING NURCAHYANTI WAHYUNINGTYAS SHARIDAFAKURAZI MUHAMMAD DArsquoI
The Effectiveness of Phosphate Solvent Rhizosphere Bacteria in Stimulating theGrowth of Rice PlantsA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI MASNIAWATI A YANI
Sexual dimorphism using Gonial Angle in children related to diet andenvironment in Surabaya IndonesiaMIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA MONICA HARIEMMY PUTRI AROFIKURNIAWAN HARYONO UTOMO ANrsquoNISAA CHUSIDA AGUNG SOSIAWANBETA NOVIA RIZKY MARIA ISTIQOMAH MARINI
Identification and Evaluation of Medication Errors in Pre- and Post-Operative SettingSWATHI SWAROOPA B PRITHIKA S I SHIVA S V MANASA K RUDRANI TSADAGOBAN G K
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Film Loaded With Ibuprofen for BuccalDeliveryMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H AFRASIM MOIN SHAILESH T YASHAS M S AMIT BPATIL MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Reconstruction of Social Support Approach Model for Tuberculosis PatientsABDHADY J ANDI AGUSTANG ARLIN ADAM HARIANI AMBO UPE INDAH AINUNMUTIARA
Mothers Knowledge about Stimulation Towards Rough Motoric Development ofToddlers Aged 36-59 MonthsHELLEN FEBRIYANTI NUR ALFI FAUZIAH INGGIT PRIMADEVI ADE TYASMAYASARI KOMALASARI IIS TRI UTAMI LINDA PUSPITA
Active Cycle of Breathing to Respiratory Rate in Patients with Lung TuberculosisDIAN ARIF WAHYUDI ADHESTY NOVITA XANDA NIKEN SUKESI LINDA PUSPITAPSIARI KUSUMA WARDANI EVA YURLINA DWI OKTARIYANI HAMID MUKHLIS
The Analysis of Stunting Event Factors in ToddlerFERI KAMELIAWATI RISKA HEDIYA PUTRI FLORENTIUS YOGIE PRATAMA
Nurse Caring Behavior Towards Patients Satisfaction at In-Patient of PublicHealth CenterYENNY MARTHALENA HARDONO JANU PURWONO NUR SEFA ARIEFHERMAWAN RITA SARI USWATUN HASANAH NURY LUTHFIYATIL FITRI
Digital Content Marketing Strategy in Increasing Customer Engagement inCovid-19 SituationANGGA FEBRIAN SATRIA BANGSAWAN MAHRINASARI MS AYI AHADIAT
Improving Management Effectiveness by Strengthening TransformationalLeadership Self Efficacy and Learning Organization in Covid-19 PandemicJOKO TRIMULYO SOEWARTO HARDHIENATA WIDODO SUNARYO MZAINAL ARIFIN
Improvement of Professional Commitments by Strengthening AchievingMotivation in Covid-19 EraTAUFIK THAMRIN ABDULLAH SRI SETYANINGSIH M ZAINAL ARIFIN
The Reliability of Dental Age Estimation in Adults Using the PulpTooth Ratio inSurabaya Indonesia PopulationAROFI KURNIAWAN M RIZKY RAFIANTO WIBOWO BETA NOVIA RIZKY MARIAISTIQOMAH MARINI DR ANrsquoNISAA CHUSIDA DR MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA
Physicochemical Characterization Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities ofConjugated Chitosan-Ferulic Acid on Various Radical Initiators SystemKHOIRUN NISA MUSLIH ANWAR NURINA INDIRAYATI WIDA BANARKUSUMANINGRUM
TLC Bioautography In Vitro Antiradical and Antioxidant Activities of LeavesExtract of Bauhinia Acuminata Linn (Caesalpiniaceae)SUDIPTA CHAKRABORTY NN BALA SUDIPTA DAS
PCOD Overview A Journey from Ayurveda to AllopathyNAYANA KALE DEEPAL TAANK HARSHADA KADAM GAURI KAPHARE SWATITALELE ANIL JADHAV
In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
The Carbofuran Exposure During Lactation Period in Reducing the MotoricReflexes and Memory in Infant Mice (Mus musculus)EPY MUHAMMAD LUQMAN WIDJIATI EKA PRAMYRTHA HESTIANAH GRACIAANGELINA HENDARTI LITA RAKHMA YUSTINASARI VISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN
Hofbauer Cells and Nuclear Factor of Kappa Beta on Rats Placenta that BlackCarbon ExposureWAHYU HARGIYANTO VISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN WIDJIATI WIDJIATI EPYMUHAMMAD LUQMAN
Cost of Illness Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in IndonesiaYUNITA NITA DIAS PUTRI WARDANASARI DIVA ARIADNE CERELIA FITRINURMALASARI TUTUT DWI CAHYATI ABDUL RAHEM LIZA PRISTIANTYMUFARRIHAH
The effect of learning methods age and vital capacity of the lungs on thelearning outcomes of 50 meter breaststroke swimming skillsSUKIRI RAMDAN PELANA YUSMAWATI OMAN UNJU SUBANDI ABDULKHOLIK EKAFITRI
Identification of Lead Compounds from Plant Secondary Metabolites to TargetNon-Structural Protein (Ns5) of Dengue Virus by Insilico MethodARUNYA M SIMYA R SIVASANKARI M ARUL JAYANTHI A
Detection of Kaposirsquos Associated Herpesvirus in Saliva of Drug RelatedImmunosupressed PatientSHATHA F ABDULLAH SAMARA MOWAFFAQ ALI
Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
Design Development And Evaluation Of Antidiabetc Matrix Tablets Using NaturalAnd Synthetic PolymersHIMABINDU PEDDAPALLI MADHURIKA SIRIGADI MD FAHEEMUDDINRAMKOTESWARA RAO AMARA ANANDA KUMAR CHETTUPALLI
Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Evaluation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing amine fluoride on gingivalstatus - a clinical investigationMUNAZ MULLA MUSHIR MULLA RAJESH KASHYAP SHASHIKANTH HEGDE ARUNKUMAR MAIYA MYTHRI SARPANGALA FAZLUR RAHMAN SAYED
Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
Implementation of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Lung Tuberculosis UsingFuzzy TsukamotoDAHLAN ABDULLAH
Development of urban agglomeration under the influence of driving forcesSHVETS IYU IRINA SHVETS
Effect of Ethanol n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Marsilea crenata PreslLeaves on ERszlig Expressions of Neurons in Estrogen-Deficient Female MiceMANGESTUTIAGIL HENINGLASWATI NENY PURWITASARI RADELLA AULIAADITYARA FRISCHA AYU WIDIASARI
Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
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EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
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Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
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Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
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Cloning of Anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Nanobody Gene bypComb3xss Vector into ER2738 Bacterial SystemRANA SH ISMAIL AWATIF H ISSA ABDULELAH A ALMAYAH MAHMOUD GANJI
Role of Toxoplasmosis in the Elevation of Microrna-22 Levels With AbortionBASHEER ABD NASRALLA
Design a Diagnostic Kit for Molecular Identification of Helicobacter pyloriHANEEN B AL-WAELI DHAFAR N AL-UGAILI ZAINAB SH KHALAF
E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
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Clinical Trial Regulations of Personalized MedicineTEENA SHERIN M ARUN RADHAKRISHNAN
A Detailed Review on Drug Delivery Technologies for the Management of BrainTumourARUN K ARUN RADHAKRISHAN
Judicial Review in Indonesia State SystemsMONICA PUSPA DEWI SUGANDA PUTRI FXADJI SAMEKTO YUSRIYADIPARAMITA PRANANINGTYAS
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Behavioral analysis of customer through customer review and profile using chi-square method DRSARVJEET KAUR
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Synthetic Approaches and Biological Activities of Quinoline Derivatives A ReviewDEVLEENA TIGLANI SALAHUDDIN SALAHUDDIN AVIJIT MAZUMDER RAJNISHKUMAR SHIVALI MISHRA
Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of Sciatic Nerve a CasePresentation and Literature ReviewREZA TAVAKOLI DARESTANI FARZAD AMOUZADEH OMRANI MOHAMADMAHDIOMIDIAN HAMED HAKIMI ASIABAR MOHAMMAD AMIN SHAHRBAF HASSANBARATI
Mental Health The Matter of Serious Concern- A ReviewMAHESH SIRASANGI SEEMA MEHDI K L KRISHNA SAHYADRI M NIRMA
Factors Affecting Chronik Kidney Disease Costs Systematic ReviewENDANG SUNARIYANTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI DWI ENDARTI DIAH AYUPUSPANDARI
Ganoderma Lucidum (Curtis) P Karst An Updated OverviewPARAMAKRISHNAN N HARIPRIYA G JEEVA GEORGE POORANI S PRAVEEN RRAHUL S VARSHA P
A Systematic Review on Technical Aspects in the Development of Dry PowderInhalers (DPI)PRIYANKA SATISH GONDHALE DR BINOY VARGHESE CHERIYAN
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TitlePreprosthetic Surgeries and its Protocol for Complete Dentures A ReviewHANAN GHAZI SHANAB FARHEENA USTAD GHUFRAN IBRAHIM ABDULRAHMANALAYFAN SHAEESTAKHALEELAHMEDBHAVIKATTIABDULRHMANMOHAMMEDYALYOUSEF ABDULRAHMAN YOUSUFABDULRAHMAN ALSHEBEL
Revealing the lactogenic anti-obesity and antidiabetic activity of CyperusrotundusSARITHAR SUSEEM SR
Neonatal risk factors for cerebral palsy BABHINANDH KRIPA LALVI ROSHNI P R
Phytoextraction Study of Cadmium and Lead Using Different Plants in PollutedSoils A ReviewALI HUSSEIN HANO MOHANAD LUAY JAWHER SHAHLAA HUSSEIN HANO
R E S E A R C H
A new curcumin analog CCA-11 induces cell cycle arrest and senescencetoward ER-positive breast cancer cellsDHANIA NOVITASARI FEBRI WULANDARI RIRIS ISTIGHFARI JENIEROHMAD YUDI UTOMO JUN-YA KATO EDY MEIYANTO
Pharmaceutical Analysis of Drakshadi Syrup - A Polyherbal Ayurvedic HematinicABOLI PATIL RAJANISH METI SWAPNIL CR
Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for theDetermination of Ivacaftor in Bulk and its Pharmaceutical FormulationTANUJA S GANAPATY VARANASI S N MURTHY
COVID-19 Knowledge and Perception Among HealthCare Professionals inTwo Arabian Gulf CountriesNADA AALSALEH ELHAM ALSHAMMARI ALAA ALSHARIF MESHARIALHAMED ABDULMOHSEN ALSALEH ABEER ALSMARI ANFALALSHAMMARI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
Study of BMI Glucose Level and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes MellitusMOUSOMI ROY ARINDOM BANERJEE SATYANARAYANA P RAJKUMARMAITI PRITHVIRAJ KARAK FATIK BARAN MANDAL
Sensitive and Developed Normal-FIA Methods for The SpectrophotometricDetermination of Diosmin In Pharmaceutical Formulations UsingDiazotization Coupling Reactions
MAYASA MOHAMMED SADEEM SUBHI ABED
Formulation Development and Optimization of Extended Release Pellets ofDexketoprofen TrometamolBHUPENDRA GPRAJAPATI ALPESH PATEL
A Cross Sectional Study on Stress Among Medical Students of Kolhapur City ofMaharashtra Study on stress among medical studentsDRJEEVANKUMAR UYADAV DRDEEPMALA JYADAV
Nanocatalytic Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated Using CamelliaSinensis (Linn) Tender Leaf Extract and Their CharacterizationKRISHNAKUMAR S BETHANNEY JANNEY J SINDU DIVAKARAN LUMENCHRISTY V PRAKASH WILLIAMS G
Calcium Hydroxide Upregulates Interleukin-10 Expression in TimeDependent Exposure and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation of HumanUmbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells ERIC PRIYO PRASETYO MEFINA KUNTJORO FEBRIASTUTI CAHYANISETYABUDI GOENHARTO WIDYA SARASWATI DEVI EKA JUNIARTI NIKEHENDRIJANTINI NINUK HARIYANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA FEDIKABDUL RANTAM
Study of School Entomology Factors on The Impact of Behavioral Changes(Combi) Of the Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in ElementarySchool ChildrenASRIWATI AMIRAH ISMAIL EFENDY ARIFAH DEVI FITRIANI ENDANG
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Cefotaxime DerivativesWASFI AL-MASOUDI RITA S ADAM SAMAR S GHAZI
Authentication Analysis of Snakehead Fish Oil Using Combination of FTIRSpectra and ChemometricsFELLA SYIFA IRNAWATI ALDI BUDI RIYANTA ABDUL ROHMAN
Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus Among Rural Population in IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA FARRAS AMSI SALSABILA SUCI HANIFAH
Evaluation of Different Prepared Binary Systems for DifferentPharmaceutical ApplicationsOMAR YMADY AHMED ADONIA ESMAT ZEIN EL-DEEN SOAAD AHMED
Anti-Inflammatory And Toxicity Studies Of Substituted HydrazinePyrazolone DerivativesSINDHU E ROOPA P NAYAK PREMA SALDANHA DARSHAN RAJ C GSHASHIDHARA KS
Qualitative Analysis and In-Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of Cleome GynandraStemANANDARAJAGOPAL KALUSALINGAM NASYIKA SAMSUDIN ABDULLAH KHANKRUPAVARAM BETHALLA VIJAY KOTRA KAI BIN LIEW MEI JUN LOY SIEW MEIYEE
Adenine Used as Agent Induced of Chronic Kidney Disease Accompanied Anemiafor Rats and rHuEPO-alpha on MgO Nanoparrticles as Drug Delivery in vivo studyAMEER SULTAN ASMA HADI MOHAMMED FATIN FADHEL MOHAMMED AL-KAZAZSHAIMAA HAMED JABER
Social Function of Land and Legal Protection for Communities in Accessing theRight for RoadLATANIA TRIRAMDHANI SIYED ABDUL RAHMAN BIN SIYED OSMAN AL ATTAS
Recontextualizing The Patriarchal Dominance Of Manggarai Heritage CustomaryLaw System By Democratic And Gendered OrientationADRIANUS NGGORO FX ADJI SAMEKTO SUKIRNO
Management of Adverse Effect from Antiretroviral Drugs at HIVAIDSErnaldy Bahar Hospital at South Sumatra IndonesiaLILIK WAHIDAH MASHURI YUSUF AND DIAN ARDIANSYAH
Functional Features of The Cardiovascular System in Athletes with MinorHeart AnomaliesIN MEDVEDEV MA CHICHKOVA MVEREMIN AA SVETLICHKINA AVDORONTSEV NG PRYANIKOVA
Judicial Policy for The Covid-19 Pandemic in Comparative LegalPerspectiveMZMNOMANI ZAFAR HUSSAIN RENU DHAWAN
Applications of Micro-Computed Tomography in DentistrySABIRAM PRASAANTHBDS TRIPURAVARAM VINAY KUMAR REDDY MDSSURESH MITTHRA K VIJAY VENKATESH MDS
Synthesis of Prodrugs of Metronidazole to Mask the Bitterness OMAR ABDULRAHMAN ALSHEIKHLY DANA AMEEN
Prospecting SEHAT-Kader Project to Decrease Perceived Stigma andImprove Quality of Life People Living With HIVAIDS at Kudus DistrictCentral JavaERNAWATI ERNAWATI NURSALAM NURSALAM SHRIMARTI RUKMINI DEVYSITI AMINAH AHMAD FATHUROHMAN TRI HARTITI ARIEF YANTOMACHMUDAH MACHMUDAH
The functional state of the body of older men experiencing regular recreationalstressSYUZAVALISHINA VYUKARPOV MVEREMIN NGPRYANIKOVASYUTATAROVA
Development Of Immune Structures Of The Leaning Intestine Of Rabbits InEarly Postnatal OntogenesisFIRDAVS ORIPOV SOPHIA BLINOVA TASHPULAT DEKHKANOV SALIMDAVLATOV
Verification of Radiation Methods in Diagnostics of Injuries of The KneeJoint Intra-Articular StructuresMARAT KHODZHIBEKOV OBID KHAMIDOV GULSHAT MARDIEVA
Antioxidant Activity and Acute Toxicity of New N4 -Substituted5-(124-Triazole-1-Ylmethyl)-124- Triazole-3-Thiones And S - DerivativesSSZYKOVA GVTSAPLIN VSTALISMANOV IPBULATOV SVPOPKOVGKARMA
Antimicrobial activity of quercetin from Majapahit (Crescentia cujete L) fruitextracts an in silico studySRI RAHMANINGSIH HERNIK PUJIASTUTIK
Novel 5-(4-bromophenyl)-13-oxazole derivatives Synthesis CharacterizationDocking and Evaluation of in vitro Anticancer ActivityPRADEEP GOLANI SUNIL KUMAR SHAH CKTYAGI
Synthesis and structural characterization of ZnTiO3 nanoparticles viamodification sol-gel prosses for assessment of their antimicrobial activityAHMED RHEIMA NIBRAS ABDUL-AMEER ABOUD BASMA ESAM JASIMAHMAD HISMAIL ZAINAB SABRI ABBAS
Efficiency of Ficus carica Latex in therapy of Leishmania tropica In PatientsDRSHAIMAA ASHLASH MSCNOOR ANEAMA DREMAN THABIT NADHAIFALFATLAWY
A clinical study to evaluate the effect of Ardhamatrik Niruha Basti amp BalaTaila Sneha Basti in the management of Vatarakta wsr to GoutMAITREE PATEL LAL RAVI SAHU PARAPPAGOUDRA M RAVI PANDYA
Efficcacy of Tagetes erecta Linn leaf extract cream on rat dermal wound healing MAURITIUS LAMBERTUS EDY PARWANTO DAVID TJAHYADI HOSEA JAYA EDY
Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on oral health related quality oflifeTHANISH AHAMEDS ARVINA RAJASEKAR
Women Decision for the Post COVID 19 Era An Action to call from Delhi-NCR IndiaDRNITIN GIRDHARWAL DR MRINAL VERMA
Evaluation of the effect of 1 Metformin Gel coating on theosseointegration achieved around dental implants using bone mineraldensity and radiofrequency analysis- A clinical and three-dimensionalradiographic studyHIMANI SHARMA ANAMIKA SHARMA SWATI GUPTA APOORVA MOWARCHANDAN KUSUM
Biosimulation studies-based optimization of fungal derived LovastatinRSUPENDRA SANTHARAM S KATTA
The Effect of Mindfulness-based Eating Exercise with Social CognitiveTheory (SCT) Approach to Self-Efficacy and Dietary Adherence of DiabetesMellitus Type 2SYLVI HARMIARDILLAH KUSNANTO ILYA KRISNANA I KETUT ANDIKAPRIASTANA
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Multi-Machine Learning Binary Classification Feature Selection and ComparisonTechnique for Predicting Death Events Related to Heart DiseaseRITU AGGRAWAL SAURABH PAL
The relation between maxillary buccal canine impaction and dentalanomalies - A retrospective studyREEM ARAFEEQ SARA M AL-MASHHADANY HIBA M HUSSEIN RESHA JAL-SUDANI MAISAA Q MUHAMED ALI
Evaluation of mean platelet volume before and after iron deficiency anemiatreatmentSAFA AFARAJ ALAA M AL-RUBAE AHMED I ANSAF
Vitamin B12 Deficiency in COVID-19 Recovered Patients Case ReportELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Magnesium supplementation for premenstrual syndrome and premenstrualdysphoric disorderELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Management Of Drug Logistics At Pharmacy Installation Dr WahidinSudirohusodo Makassar Hospital GEMY NASTITY HANDAYANY FATHURRAHMI
Immunocorrection of patients with polytrauma depending on the facial regioninjury IBRAGIMOV DAVRON DASTAMOVICH BOYMURADOV SHUKHRATABDUJALILOVICH GOFFAROV USMON BOBONAZAROVICH BOBAMURATOVADILNOZA TURDIKULOVNA ISMATOV FARRUKH ISMATOV NAVRUZ
Biochemical Markers Of Metabolic Disorders In The Blood Of Patients With JawFractures In The Post-Traumatic Period
BOBAMURATOVA DILNOZA TURDIKULOVNA BOYMURADOV SHUKHRATABDUJALILOVICH ANSHUL JRAI YUSUPOV SHOKHRUKH SHUXRATOVICHNARMUROTOV BAKHTIYAR QARSHIYEVICH IBRAGIMOV DAVRONDASTAMOVICH ABDURAKHMONOV FARKHOD RAKHMONOVICH
Alternative solution for konigsberg bridge problem through the concept ofmatchingRSAMPATH KSRINIVASAN PTHARANIYA PELUMALAI
Domination in different graphsKMYTHILY SKALAIVANI PELUMALAI PTHARANIYA
Forensic medical assessment of injuries in pedestrian children in fatalautomobile injury INDIAMINOV SAYIT INDIAMINOVICH SHOYIMOV SHUKRILLOUMURZOKOVICH
The peculiarities of permanent teething in children living in Tashkent city ROZA KAMILOVA JAVLON KAMILOV
Evaluation of Piperine from leaves of Piper longum Linn MANISHA MOHAPATRA UDAY C BASAK
Assessments of HBV in patients with chronic kidney illness ALAA HAMZA JABER AL-JELEHAWY SAIF JABBAR YASIR AHMED KIFAH ABEDAL-WAELI ALI RADIH ABULAMEER SHER ALI
Socio-economic analysis of broiler livestock business in West Lombok districtIndonesiaMUHAMMAD YASIN
Inhibitory and eradication activities of 1-monolaurin as anti-biofilm onmonospecies and polymicrobial of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candidatropicalis CHAERUL FADLY MOCHTAR ETI NURWENING SHOLIKHAH DWI ARIS AGUNGNUGRAHANINGSIH TITIK NURYASTUTI FEBRI ODEL NITBANI JUMINA
Supplementation of Feed Additives on Aquaculture Feeds A Review SANAA ABDULAZIZ MUSTAFA JAMAL KHALAF AL-FARAGI
Coronavirus disease (covid-19) outbreak in india DANIEL FRANCIS SELVARAJ BALAKRISHNAN S MANOPAUL P
Analysis of egg consumption in palu and sigi district communitiesKETUT SUARAYASA JULIUS SUGIHARTO SAIRAMA SARAGIH VITA ARISTYANITABERTIN AYU WANDIRA
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Combined With Multivariate Calibration forAnalysing Caffeine Nicotinamide and Pyridoxine In Simulated EnergyDrinks MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Online and conventional learning as viewed by students from pharmacy ELHAM ALSHAMMARI EMAN ALOTAIBI
New facile technique for estimation of piroxicam in bulk drugKAMAL SHAH GAURAV KRISHNA JEETENDRA KUMAR GUPTA
Oral Health Condition and Physical Activity of Children in COVID-19Pandemic NANDA RACHMAD PUTRA GOFUR AISYAH RACHMADANI PUTRI GOFURSOESILANINGTYAS RIZKI NUR RACHMAN PUTRA GOFUR MEGA KAHDINAHERNALIA MARTIDAL PUTRI
Physiological mechanisms for maintaining health in ontogenesisINMEDVEDEV DMPRAVDOV OAKOZLYATNIKOV NMLAPINASVPERSHIKOV VISHARAGIN
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Implementation of code stroke protocol in acute ischemic stroke at ahospital in Aceh Indonesia SYAHRUL SYAHRUL ENDANG MUTIAWATI IMRAN IMRAN SUHERMANSUHERMAN NOVA DIAN LESTARI FARIDA FARIDA NURUL FAJRI NURULHUDA
Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria In Phthisio-Pulmonological Practice In TheRepublic Of Uzbekistan NARGIZA PARPIEVA SANJAR SULTANOV MUHABBAT DZHURABAEVAEKATERINA ANVAROVA BABAMATOVA KHILOLA MUKHAMEDOV KOZIM
Simple New Colorimetric Method Development for the Estimation of FlupirtineMaleate in Bulk and in Pharmaceutical dosage Form PVDUSE KGBAHETI
Collaboration Between Interprofessional Healthcare and Patients to ImproveQuality of Life Type 2 Diabetes via Smartphone Application LUSY NOVIANI AJENG DIANTINI ANAS SUBARNAS
The impact of exogenous and endogenous factors on the stomach wall macro-microscopic anatomy of newborn white ratsSHUKHRAT JTESHAYEV DILSHOD KKHUDOYBERDIYEV SALIM SDAVLATOV
Morphometric characteristics of parts of rat kidney nephron in normal andunder the influence of an antiseptician - facility 2 road stimulator on thebackground of chronic radiating disease
JURAT JBAKHRONOV SHUKHRAT JTESHAEV MUSHARRAF SSHODIEVA
Clinical Course Of Purulent Soft Tissue Diseases On The Background OfDiabetes Mellitus And Diffusive Toxic GoiterBAKODIR BSAFOYEV OBIDMKURBANOV MALOHAT SSHAROPOVA
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Clinical and Angiocalibrometric Changes of Retina Vessels in Patients withIdiopathic RetinovasculitisUSENKO VALENTINA UMETALIEVA MAANA GENTSELMAN DMITRY
Assessment of Erythropoietin Levels and Correlation with Cytokines inPatients with Chronic Heart Failure GADAEV AG TURAKULOVRI QURBONOV AK SABIROV MASAYFULLAYEV MB GADAEVA NA
Nano Sponges for The Enhancement of Topical Sustained Delivery ofTerbinafine HClVISHAL B RAWAL PREETHI S ANANYA K V AMIT B PATIL DV GOWDA
A Novel Validated Gradient Hplc Method For Analysing Axitinib And Their ProcessRelated Impurities By Pda DetectionSHYAMALA DASHOK PSHYAM
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A QbD based study in development optimization and forced degradationbehaviour of Epinastine Hydrochloride in Metered dose inhaler by RP-HPLC BIKASH RANJANJENA SIVA PRASAD PANDA UMASANKAR KULANDAIVELURAJASEKHAR REDDY ALAVALA GSNKOTESWARA RAO SURYAKANTA SWAINDEBASHISHGHOSE DEBI PRASAD PRADHAN
Medical and social problems of the development of congenitalmalformations during a pandemicDILNOZA SHKUDRATOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIMSDAVLATOV
Pathomorphological characteristics of the vaginal mucosa in experimentalnotspecific vaginitis and various methods of treatmentFERUZA SHORIPOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIM SDAVLATOV
Legislation Procedures of Forming Regional Regulations and Its Implication onthe Politics of Law in IndonesiaLITA TYESTA ALW AMALIA DIAMANTINA
Effect of Passive Smoking on Low Birth Weight (Lbw) Incidence inIndonesia Analysis of Riskesdas Data In 2018 WULAN SARI RASNA GIRI SEMBIRING BESRAL MILLA HERDAYATI
Study The Antibacterial Activity Of Uwi Sap (Dioscorea AlataL) Extracts FromIndonesia In Damaging Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Cells ANURFITRIANI META MAHENDRADATTA AMRAN LAGA ZAINAL
Prevalence of Depression and Its Determinant Among Diabetic Patients ASystematic Review from Southeast Asia CountriesNOVITA DHEWI IKAKUSUMAWATI SUSI ARI KRISTINA ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Isolation and Characterization of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and ProducingIAA (Indole Acetic Acid) From Rice Rhizosphere from The Soppeng RegencyA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI4AND MASNIAWATI
3D Printing in Pharmaceutics Role of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in DrugDeliveryAHMED MSHKARA MOWAFAQ MGHAREEB
A Prospective study to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling in improvinginhaler device technique in COPD patients using MDI with spacer and MDIETHIRAJAN NANDAGOPAL M SUMITHRA N MEENAKSHI
Comparative In Vitro Anticancer Study Of 4-Thiazolidinone Scaffold BearingThiadiazole Moiety Derived from Phenolic AldehydesNEETU CHOPRA SANDEEP JAIN NAVIDHA AGGARWAL
The Severe Varicella Zoster Infection with Kidney Transplant Patient UsingImmunosuppressantMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RIA BANDIARA RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDOLUBIS ENITA RAKHMAWATI KURNIAATMAJA HENDRA WANA NURrsquoAMINRULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAH ROESLI
Classifications of Eye InjuriesINDIAMINOV SAYIT INDIAMINOVICH DAVRANOVA AZIZA ERKINOVNA
Preparation Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation of Erlotinib Gellan Beads SOUMIYA SUKUMAR SANTHIAGU AROCKIASAMY MANJUSHA CHEMMATTUMOOTHONA
Personalized medicine A Review on scope and its pitfall VEERAPPAN MUTHUSAMY ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Inhibition of Osteoporosis by Endophytes ndash A Computational ApproachDRSDAISYLIN ANBU SUJITHA CHELLAM JAYNTHY
Awareness of breast cancer and Breast Self-Examination among female Pharmacyprofessionals in BengaluruAPOORVA DEVM DRGITHA KISHORE
Quality by Design Approach For Formulation Optimization of Ethosomal VesicularCarrier of CurcuminVISHAL KAPOOR SHAILESH JAIN
Assistance on post market examination and Reporting of problemsassociated with In-vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices under current healthemergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in India SELLA SENTHIL M SRUTHI N ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Problem Focused Coping and Parental Stress in The Autonomy of Oral Self-care for Down Syndrome ChildrenSITI FITRIA ULFAH TRI WAHONO AGUS MARJIANTO
Impact of a pharmacist-led asthma and COPD respiratory clinic in a hospitalsettingELHAM ALSHAMMARI NADA ALSALEH
Scereening Of Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to increaselocal aromatic rice plant growthSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDRABDUL RAHIM SALEH
Thyroid Hormones Profile In Patients with Alopecia Areata A Single Center Study MOHAMMAD SHAHATHA NAYAF AHMED ABDUL-AZIZ AHMED HAYDER SAADAHMED WISAM SUHAIL NAJEM
Redesign of the Legislative Function of the Regional Representative Councilof the Republic of Indonesia to Strengthen Regional AutonomyZULFAN RETNO SARASWATI SUKIRNO NABITATUS SArsquoADAH
Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending as a Breakthrough in the Acquisition of SMECapital in Indonesia ERY AGUS PRIYONO MUHAMAD AZHAR
Spatial Zoning and Community Partnership on the Development of Coastaland Marine Resources in Tourism Spots of Bali and LombokANA SILVIANA MIRA NOVANA ARDANI MAUVAL NOVARAHMAN SATRIA
Ventral dartos flap in second layer of hypospadias prospective studyJIHAD ANAD KHALEF CABU FIBMS
Determination of Fruit Ripeness Formulations and Sterilisation Processes toImprove the Quality of Crude Palm Oil ADI RUSWANTO ARI HANDONO RAMELAN IDA BAGUS BANYURO PARTHADANAR PRASEPTIANGGA
Classification and prediction of patin fish oilrsquos antioxidant activities fromdifferent origins using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometricsANGGITA ROSIANA PUTRI ABDUL ROHMAN SUGENG RIYANTOWIDIASTUTI SETYANINGSIH
Effectiveness of Binahong Leaves (Anredera Cordifolia) And Vitamin E as HerbalAnti-Inflammatory in Rats (Rattus Novergicus) Acute Metritis Based on CD4Levels and T LymphocytesVISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN LISTYA PUTRI HANDAYANI GALUH CHANDRAAGUSTINA YUDIT OKTANELLA DESI WULANSARI
Cinnamon Leaf Extract to Control Anthracnose Disease on Chilli Plants inBali A Novel and New Potential ANAK AGUNG KETUT DARMADI NI LUH SURIANI IDA BAGUS GEDEDARMAYASA IDA BAGUS MADE SUASKARA NI MADE GARI AHMADFUDHOLI
Assessment OF Serum 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA)Reducates and Liver X Receptor As Predictor For Liver DiseasesANTESAR RHEEM OBEAD ANMAR HAMEED BLOH HAIDER RASOL ABBASSALWAHAMI
Gaps In The Publicrsquos Awareness And Protective Practices During PivotalTime Of COVID-19 Pandemic A Survey From IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA MAWARDI IHSAN
The Effects Of Eleutherine Palmifolia On Depression Behavior Mda BdnfSerotonin And Norepinefrin Levels In A Rat Model Of DepressionSHERLY LIMANTARA MASRUROH RAHAYU NOORHAMDANI MOCH ISTIADJIDEDDY SANTOSO
Association of Medication Adherence with Quality of Life and TreatmentSatisfaction Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients ALEENA ANDREW SARA JOSE SUDHA M VENKATESWARAMURTHY NSAMBATH KUMAR R SHANMUGASUNDARAM R
Comparative Study of Entropy Module and Titrated Doses of Propofol ForInduction of AnaesthesiaDRPREETHI DHAMOTHARAN MBBS DRSONAL BHAT DRSHAILA S KAMATH
Identification of Phenolic Compound from Active Subfraction Of BaccaureaRacemosa Pulp by High Resolution Mass SpectrometryLINA PERMATASARI SUGENG RIYANTO ABDUL ROHMAN
Efficacy of Escitalopram versus Desvenlafaxine in Treatment of DepressionA Comparative Study from a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital DR SAIKIRAN PASUPULA DR MOUNICA YEDLAPALLI DR RAJESWARIPASUPULA DR SAKA MEGHANA DR SURESH KUMAR KOTA
Effect of seed priming with polyamines on Barley(Hordeum Vulgare L) WARQAA MUHAMMED SHARIFF AL-SHEIKH
Cinnamaldehydersquos Potential Inhibitory Effect towards Planktonic and Biofilm ofOral BacteriaDIYAH TRI UTAMI SYLVIA UTAMI TUNJUNG PRATIWI TETIANA HANIASTUTITRIANA HERTIANI
Antimicrobial Activity of Oleuropine and Thyme Extracts Against SelectedPathogenic Microorganisms and their Potential Uses as NaturalPreservativesYOUSEF SAHOURY HANI NASEEF MOHAMMAD FARRAJ MOAMMAL QURTLINA EL- KHAIRY
Free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract and compoundsisolated from stems of Etlingera rubroloba AD PoulsenASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
Ocular Complications in Type 1 DiabetesANAHITA ZAKERI HABIB OJAGHI MANOUCHEHR IRANPARVAR ALAMDARIFIROUZ AMANI MONIR SHOAA TELMA ZAHIRIAN MOGHADAM
The Outcome of Partial Arthroplasty for Treatment of Type 1 IntertrochantericFractures in Iraqi Elderly PatientsRAAD JAWAD KADHIM
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Study the Antibiotics Activity Against Escherichia Coli Isolated from UrineSamples of Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract InfectionEHSAN FHUSSEIN JABBAR AAMEEN SALAH HYASSEN
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Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Elderly Population in BasrahGovernorate A Retrospective StudyZAINAB ABDULKAREEM MAKTOOF OULA FOUAD HAMEED SHATHAKHHUSSAIN
Incisional Hernia Different Approaches The Defect Size Is the RefereeADIL SHAKER AL TAMIMI ISRAA ABDUL WAHED DHEEB
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Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in FemaleGenital TractMUSTAFA SALAM ABDULKHALEQ NOAMAN MUTHANA ABDULKADERALMAHDAWY
Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Women in Diyala Governorate by UsingAmsels Criteria and Nugents ScoresZUHAIR HASSAN ALWAN MUTHANNA AL-MAHDAWI SHAYMAA MOHAMMEDALWAN
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)
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The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI H MEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Nature of oral cancer progression according to gender evaluation throughmetastasis and recurrence - A Single University StudySINDHU PRIYA KUPPUSAMY SUNDARA MURTHY DRMAHATHINDRSURESH
Prevalence of class I occlusion in mixed dentitionNIVETHA G ARVIND S
Age and gender related distribution of patients undergoing maxillary thirdmolar extractionsSAM JOHN KOSHY MADHULAXMI M SIVAKUMAR M
Knowledge attitude and awareness of platelet rich fibrin among dentalstudents in chennaiABHISHEK NARAM MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW DEEPAK S
Evaluation of the awareness of gingival recession amongst patients whounderwent root coverage treatment - A retrospective studyVUNNAM SRI SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
Assessment of impacted third molars in patients with temporomandibulardisordersJAYA KEERTHANA S SREEDEVI DHARMAN MARAGATHAVALLIG
Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
Prevalence of Patients Seeking Aesthetic Treatment Options inOrthodontics - A Retrospective Study MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL M NAVEEN KUMAR
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Evaluation of Patients Reporting with Burning Sensation and Non-SpecificClinical Findings to Department of Oral MedicineABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
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Anemia as An Etiological Agent for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ARetrospective StudyMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARY MANJARI
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
Association Between Angles Class Ii Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease - ARetrospective StudyKARTHIGA DEVI GANGA MOORTHY JAIGANESH RAMAMURTHY PRADEEPDHASARATHAN
Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment of Dental Management of Mentally Challenged Patients Treatedin Special Care Dentistry in A Hospital Setting- Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Prevalence of White Spot Lesions in Patients Treated with Fixed OrthodonticAppliancesAMINA MEHRIN BANO SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Awareness And Knowledge About Pharmacotherapy Of Angular Cheilitis AmongUg Dental Students In Private Dental College ChennaiVINAYA SWETHAT DRDEEPIKA RAJENDRAN DRKIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
A Retrospective Study On Evaluation Of Patients With Recurrent AphthousStomatitisREVATHIB DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI HMEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
passifloraceae in the treatment of neurasthenia HUYNH TAN HOI
Prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute st- elevation myocardialinfarctionDRATPARDESI DRDILIP PPATIL DRRAHUL PATIL DRMAKARAND BMANE
A study to determine angiographic findings in patients of acute coronarysyndrome at teaching HospitalDRMRSPATIL SHILPA DRMRSPATANGE APARNA DRMRSVASANT DEOKARDRMRSKAPALE RJ DRMRS PUJARI BHUPAL
Effect of iron deficiency anemia on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values innon-diabetesDRDANIEL PJHON DRJABBAR DESAI DRAMIT PORWAL DRMRSKAPALE RJDRUTMANE
A study of microalbuminuria in newly detected hypertensive individuals in tertiarycare centreDRSSKULKARNI DRUTMANE DRPUJARI BHUPAL DRRAHUL SPATIL
Chemometrics-Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Paracetamol and Tramadol in Divided Powder DosageFormDINA CHRISTIN AYUNING PUTRI MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUSDIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds inWistar Albinos ratsFATIMA EL KAMARI HASSAN LAAROUSSI DRISS OUSAAID YASSINE EL ATKIAMAL TAROQ IMANE AOUAM BADIAA LYOUSSI ABDELFATTAH ABDELLAOUI
Study of flavanoid determination of uwi sap extract (Dioscorea alataL)NURFITRIANIA META MAHENDRADATTA AMRAN LAGA ZAINAL
a-Glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of butyrolactone I derivedfrom Aspergillus terreus and evaluation of its acute toxicity RIZNA TRIANA DEWI TENI ERNAWATI HANI MULYANI AKHMAD DARMAWANINDAH DWIATMI DEWIJANTI SOFNA BANJARNAHOR TRI YULIANI MARISSAANGELINA SOFA FAJRIAH ABDI WIRA SEPTAMA
HPMC Polymeric System Structural Contribution in Controlling Drug Release inSustained Drug Delivery SystemAJIT KULKARNI VIPUL DHASADE VIVEK INGALE AMIT KASABE ARCHANAYADAV SANTOSH FATTEPUR NAGARAJA SREEHARSHA EBHAVYA
Drug-Induced Acute PancreatitisANURAG LAVEKAR UMESH MARAPPA SWARALI TADWALKAR VIVEKCHAUDHARI
Comparative Study Of Amino Acids Profile Of Eel Fish (Anguilla Bicolor) In TheYellow Eel And Silver Eel Phase From Lake PosoJAMALUDDIN NURrsquoAENI AGUSTINUS WIDODO WA ODE SITTI MUSNINA
Physical Chemistry Characterization of Gelatin on Eel Fish Bone (Anguillamarmorata Q Gaimard) With Various Concentrations of Solvent Base andExtraction TimeJAMALUDDIN AKHMAD KHUMAIDI RAODHATUL JANNA YONELIAN YUYUNAGUSTINUS WIDODO PITRIANI
Correlation between Serum Bisphenol-A Level Luteinizing Hormone (LH)Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) In a Sample of Iraqi Women withPCOS HANEEN SUBHEE SHAHEED WASSAN ABDUL-KAREEM ABBASS SUZANYOUSIF JASIM
The Rationale For Performing Hybrid Mediastinal Lymph Node DissectionBy Transhiatal Access For Thoracic Esophageal CancerDJAKHANGIR SABIROV BAKHTIYOR MADIYOROV ABDUGAFFAR RASULOVNIZOM ERMATOV ORZIGUL YUSUPOVA
Effect Of Dietary And Lifestyle Transitions On Functional Immune SystemSARAH MOHAMED R S UPENDRA SHRADDHA BIJALWAN VAISHNAVI BHAGWANBOPTE ABHINASH KUMAR GIRI
Title Updates on community pharmacistsrsquo involvement in tuberculosis program inIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity and DPPH radical scavenging Assay ofisolated compound from Etlingera rubroloba (Blume) AD Poulsen stemASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
2d-Qsar Study Of Synthesized Novel Derivatives Of 134-OxadiazolesSOMASHEKHAR M R B KOTNAL S R KARAJAGI
Molecular and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric determination ofFurosemide via complex formation with Chromium ionKHITAM JABER NABHAN ABBAS SHEBEEB HASAN AL-KADUMI JWAN ODAYABDULSATTAR
Direct and Indirect Cost of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia A PrevalenceBased Study with Human Capital ApproachSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds Oil of Agricultural Wastein MalaysiaSHAKINAZ DESA ASAAD ABBAS KHALAF SYARUL NATAQAIN BINTIBAHARUM MUSTAFA MUDHAFAR
Tribulus terrestris Linn Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced By Monosodium-Glutamate An In Vivo EvidenceGOMATHI SWAMINATHAN SRIKANTH JUPUDI SATHISH R ROSHAN NS
Clinical and experimental value of integrated lymphatic therapy in nonspecificulcerative colitisYULDOSHALI EGAMOV AKHTAM RUZIYEV SARVAR KHAIDAROV GULISHAYKHOVA ADILBEK RAJABOV NIZOM ERMATOV
Protective Effects of Antagonism of Interleukin-1 Receptors in 3-nitropropionicAcid Provoked Huntington Disease-Related SymptomsSURBHI GUPTA BHUPESH SHARMA
The Correlation between Serum Iron Level and Transferrin Saturation withReticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent (RET-He) in Routine HemodialysisMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDO LUBIS RIABANDIARA ABDUL HADI MARTAKUSUMAH RULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAHROESLI DEDI RACHMADI
Antileukotriene Drugs in The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in ChildrenMIRRAKHIMOVA MAKTUBA XABIBULLAYEVNA ABDULLAEVA DILOROMTELMANOVNA ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ GAYRATOVNA SAGDULLAYEVA MAFURAABDUKARIMOVNA ABDULLAYEVA MUXLISA MASRUROVNA
Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate Versus Normal Saline in the Prevention ofContrast-Induced Nephropathy among Cardiac Patients A Cohort Study in SaudiArabia SIREEN ABDULRAHIM SHILBAYEH ATHEER MUSAAD BIN HAMEED MAYMOHAMMED ALOWAYEDH RAGHAD ABDULMOHSEN ABAHUSSAIN HAYA ALIMUKHAYLIB HIND KHALID SID AHMED
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effect on Quality of Life among AdolescentPopulation A Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia SIREEN A SHILBAYEH WEDYAN A ALHUSSAIN ALANOUD S ALHIBS NAJLA GALMALKI NOUF A ALMAJHAD SAMAR T NOURI SARAH M ALSALEH
Maximal Matching in Fractal Graphs and Its ApplicationPTHARANIYA GJAYALALITHA
Anticancer properties of hymecromone-derived compounds A reviewNOORA THAMER ABDULAZIZ YASSER FAKRI MUSTAFA
Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of new 15-Benzodiazepine derivatives contain Cyclic imides and Mannich basesMALATH KHALAF RASHEED DIANA ABDALKREEMAL-RIFAIE DHAMER ISMAELMADAB
Componential Description Of Medicated Foams A ReviewHAYDER HUSSEIN ALWAN HANAN JALAL KASSAB
Molecular Study Of The TG Gene Polymorphisms In Patients WithHashimotorsquos Thyroiditis Among Iraqis PopulationBASMAN A NADHIM ABBAS G HAMMED HAYDER O HASHIM NAZAR JMETIB
Comparative genetic study for some species of the family Poaceae using theRAPD molecular indicatorSALWAH HAMZA HUSSEIN AL-HASSNWY RUQAYA MANOON HASAN AL-NOMANI
Quercetin Isolated from Dried Ginkgo Biloba leaves with the PhytochemicalScreeningFARQAD M BAQER BASSAM A HASSAN FADIL MOHSEN HAMED
Therapeutic efficacy of protein compound extractionfromMetapenaeusaffinisagainst glucosamine sulphate-induced nephrotoxicity inmale ratsAMAL KABBAS
Evaluation of HER2-Neu status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situhybridization as a prognostic factor in gastric and gastro-esophageal cancerEAMAN SUUD KHALIFA AYSER HAMEED LATIF
Can IL1szlig and IL10 levels assessment in endometrial secretion predict pregnancyoutcome after ICSI A prospective studyTAIF EIMAD AHMED FADIA J AL-IZZI QAYS AHMED MAHDI
Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and its complexes with some metal ions and Their FluorescenceStudyINAM HASHIM IBRAHIM HASAN A HASAN
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Al-Anbar Governorate Western of IraqIBRAHIM NS AL-KAISSI SAAD M SHUKR MARWA A KUBBA
New Polymeric Coii Niii And Cdii Complexes With Tetrazole Schiff-Base LigandsSynthesis Spectral Characterisation And Biological ActivityRIYADH M AHMED BAIDAA K AL-RUBAYE NASRY J HUSSIEN ENAAM I YOUSIFHASAN A HASAN MOHAMAD J AL-JEBOORI
Evaluation of the Cytocompatibility of Novel Gingival Retraction Pastes based onBoswellia papyrifera
HIBA A SALMAN MANHAL A MAJEED EAMAN A AL-RUBAEE
Isolation and genotyping of local Toxoplasma gondii strains in infected chickenABDULRAZZAQ MOHAMMED HAMOOD ALI MOHAMMED ABED
Preparation and characterization of diazepam loaded nanomicelles for pediatricintravenous dose adjustmentMUHANNAD SALAH AL RADHI MOHAMMED SABAR AL-LAMI ENAS ABDULSAHIB
Baseline Widal Titre Amongst the Healthy Individuals from Western RuralMaharashtraIndia DR RAVINDRA V SHINDE ANJALI R SHINDE DR S T MOHITE DR SANDEEPB SHINDE DR S K PAWAR DR S R PATIL
IoT BASED CPAP MACHINEJPREMKUMAR TSUDHAKAR ABDULLAH S ABHIJIT GOSWAMI EKAVITHA
To the Problem of Fungal Pathology in the Hot Climate in Children and AdultsSHAIKHOVA GULI ERMATOV NIZOM ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ ABDULLAEVADILOROM YUSUPOVA ORZIGUL ALLAYEVA MUNIRA
Effect of Tender Coconut Water on Experimental Urolithiasis An In Vitro StudyGAYATRI S SOWNDARYA S KARTHIKEYAN G
Development and Optimization of Multiple-Unit Floating Drug Delivery System ofPregabalin Using Quality by Design (QbD) ApproachMONIKA KHARB YSTANWAR
Dissolution profile comparison of two marketed Favipiravir tabletsSANDEEP KHATALE CHAUDHARI NIKHIL SURESH ANAGHA UPASANINILAM BHUSARE
Development of a Tool to Assess the Safe and Quality Use of ImmunizationJUNY SEBASTIAN GURUMURTHY PARTHASARATHI MANDYAM DHATI RAVI
Effectiveness of Olive Oil Massage on Post Caesarean Pain and Quality of Sleepamong Primigravida MothersPRIYADARSINIA REVATHIPG
Assessment of the Quality of Life and the Level of Depression in Patients withChronic Kidney Disease on Programmed HemodialysisAKSNA M KARDANGUSHEVA LILIYA V ELGAROVA ZARINA A SHUGUSHEVAIRINA H ALMOVA SOFIAT KH SIZHAZHEVA
The Expression of Immunohistochemistry IL-10 And IL-18 On Helminth-InfectedMice Treated With The Extract Of Areca catechu LENDY JULI ANTO AZNAN LELO SYAFRUDDIN ILYAS MARLINE NAINGGOLAN
Evaluation of Basic Plants in The Bank of Healthy Potato Varieties in The NorthernRegion and The High Mountain ZoneOVES EV
An objective assessment of the importance of regions for beekeeping based onmelliferous resources and ambient temperatureVNKULAKOV AGMANNAPOV
Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosaceain Iraqi PatientsSAMER A DHAHER
Construction and Validation of Ayurveda Health Assessment Questionnaire(AHAQ) Based on Characteristics of Health (Arogya Linga) Mentioned by AcharyaKashyapa DR SAURABH AGRAWAL DRSHIVAKUMAR DRMBKAVITHA DRASHA KP
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Film Loaded with IbuprofenNanoparticlesVISHAL B RAWAL AFRASIM MOIN SUBHAM JAIN N AMIT B PATILMEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Orodispersible Tablets ContainsIbuprofen Loaded Microfiber for Better In-Vitro DissolutionSUBHAM JAIN N AFRASIM MOIN VISHAL B RAWAL AMIT B PATIL MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S DV GOWDA
Co-Amorphous Based Supersaturated Urea-Losartan Potassium TransdermalFormulation For HypertensionNANHI NANDINI AFRASIM MOIN ROHINI BHATTACHARYA MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISHBABU P NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Characterization and Formulation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System ofPiroxicamROHINI BHATTACHARYA AFRASIM MOIN NANHI NANDINI MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISH BABU P NITHIN KS D V GOWDA
Identifying gene clusters as signature biomarkers for predictingmethotrexate effectiveness and potential side effects during RheumatoidArthritis therapyANAS KHALEEL AFNAN MEQBEL ROWAN ALEJIELAT YAZAN SBATARSEH ABDALLAH A ELBAKKOUSH BAYAN Y GHANIM CRISTINA IBATARSEH NIDAL A QINNA
Recent Trends on Regulatory Aspects of Nanotechnology in IndianPharmaceutical MarketDAKA NAGARJUNA REDDY DR MAHAVEER SINGH DR BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVADR KONDA RAVI KUMAR
Toxicopathological And Biochemical Impacts Of 2378 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-
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Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
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Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
Bioecological traits of the plant indigofera tinctoria l Under introductionconditionsGULKHAYO TURABOEVA ANARJAN MATKARIMOVA AKMAL TURABOEVTURDIYEVA ODINAKHON
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Metal Complexes of a Novel Schiff Base Based on Cephalexin depictionMolecular Modeling and Biological Efficacy StudyABDUL SALAM ABDUL KAREEM ABDUL RAHMAN REHAB KADHIM RAHEEMALSHEMARY
In Vitro Quantitative Assessment of Viability of Echinococcus granulosusProtoscoleces after Treatment with Ruta graveolens L Methanolic Extract YASEEN TAHA AL QAISI KHALED M KHLEIFAT SAWSAN ATALLAH ORAN
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
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Gene therapy by studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism(rs11886868 amp rs766432) at the BcL11A gene on the severity of beta-thalassemiadisease in the province of AL-NajafHANAN A ABLAA WISAM NAJI ATIYAH AL-MEHANA IBTIHAL KAREEM MAHDITHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN
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An Overview on Modern Drug Delivery Nanotechnology for the Management ofAcne VulgrisAISHWARYA REDDY KARTHICK RAMAN SURESHKUMAR
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Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
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Minangkabau matrilineal society perception of pregnant womens health servicesDEVI SYARIEF ANDI ZULKIFLI ABDULLAH SURIAH HEALTHY HIDAYANTYGUSLINDA ULFA SURYANI YOLA YOLANDA
Internet addiction and its relationship to academic achievement motivationtowards middle schoolAFKAR FADHIL KAREEM FARHANLAAIZ LUAY ABDULWAHID SHIHAB
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Cyanidin 3-O-(6rsquo-Malonylglucoside) as an Inhibitor of Oestrogen Receptor Beta (ErBeta) - An Insilico ApproachANUSHAB JAYNTHY CHELLAM
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Some Aspects of Modeling in the Study of COVID-19 DataSYED KHALID MUSTAFA VYACHESLAV LYASHENKO NAMEER AHAMADMOHAMMAD REHAN AJMAL MAYAZ AHMAD
Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
Design and Evaluation of Solid Self-Emulsifying IBUPROFEN Pellets withCommercial Available IBUPROFEN TabletsKALAISELVI R CSAI KISHAN KOWSALYA N AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAHDVGOWDA
Relationship among Scrotal Size Body Weight and Feedstuffs of Bali Cattle BullProductivityABYADUL FITRIYAH MULYOTO PANGESTU SUPRIYONO ABDUL FATTAH
Prevalence of Dental Erosion and Associated Risk Factors among SchoolChildren aged 6 to 10 years A Cross-Sectional StudyDR PRIYANKA DANTHAM DR HEMA MANVI BADI DR SIVAKUMAR NUVVULA
Core-Shell Nanoparticle Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Hyaluronic Acid asAbsorbable Dressing Based Hydrogel Post-Gingivectomy A ReviewMARTINING SHOFFA PUSPITANINGRUM MOHAMMAD ALI MAKSUM DEVY PUTRIKUSUMAWARDHANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA
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Interrelation of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors as a Predictor of EarlyClinical Prediction of Schizophrenia with Paroxysmal CourseMARK LAZAREVICH AGRANOVSKIY MAHFUZA ALIMOVNA DOLIMOVAABDURAHMON ALISHEROVICH MIRZAEV SHAVKAT KHABIBULLAYEVAISLAMOVABDUVOHID HATAMOVICH KARIMOV
Synthesis Characterization of Diazepine-Bicycles System and Study of their Bio-BehaviorDR NAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI RABAB MAHDI UBAID MAHMOOD
Chalcone-Heterocyclic Derivatives (Synthesis Spectral Identification MicrobialEvaluation)HUTHAM ABD ALI ABD AL HUSSAIN DRNAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI
Strengthening of Social Capital through Penta Helix Model in HandlingCovid-19 PandemicAMBO UPE ZULHAM IBRAHIM MUHAMMAD ARSYAD ADI SUMANDIYARARYUNI SALPIANA JABAR
A Novel Biometric Recognition System for FingerprintUsing Polar HarmonicTransformANLI SHERINE DRGENO PETER
Henry Girouxs Progressive Educational thought in the Perspective of EducationalPhilosophyNUR KHASANAH FATAH SYUKUR ABDUL WAHIB ACHMAD IRWAN HAMZANIHAVIS ARAVIK
Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal Complications in Twin PregnanciesMARZIEH GHASEMI NARJES NOORI ALIREZA DASHIPOUR ARGHAVANFARAZMAND
Comparison between Water Birth and Land Birth in Terms of Delivery DurationLabor Need to Drug Birthing and Neonatal OutcomesFATEMEH TARA TARANEH ARBABZADE MAHBOUBEH PARACHEH SOODABEHREZAEE MARZIEH GHASEMI HAMEE ASHRAF
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Investigating Community Decisions in Online Medicines PurchasingANAK AGUNG SAGUNG NARITHI MAHARANI ANAK AGUNG NGURAH EDDYSUPRIYADINATHA GORDA
Wearing Compression Shorts on Reduced Lactate Accumulation FollowingStrenuous Exercise From Basketball-Specific Fatigue Program in Elite MaleBasketball PlayersTAWATCHAI PLOYDANG SOMPOL SANGUANRUNGSIRIKUL WILAI ANOMASIRI
Validation of Real Time PCR (TaqMan) Approach in Diagnosing Patients withTuberculosis in Northeast of IranMALIHEH BEHBODI GRO MEHRI HOSSEINI LEILA MANZOURI ASGHAR SHARIFISEYED ABDOLRAHIM REZAEE OWRANG EILAMI SEYED REZA KHOSRAVANISEYED ABDOLMAJID KHOSRAVANI
Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
Development And Validation Of In-Vitro Dissolution Method For Estimation OfEmtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate And Efavirenz In Tablet Dosage Formby UHPLCNIMIT VASA DRBHAVESH PATEL PARTH PATEL SAGAR SOLANKI
P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
Characterization and Evaluation of combination of Aromatase InhibitorResveratrol and Docetaxel against ER positive cell lines MCF-7 and ER negativecell lines MDAMB231 in Breast CancerPREETI SINGH SHIV KR YADAV SATISH SARDANA UROOJ A KHAN RUPAGUPTA
Morphological and ITS Based Characterization of Some Important Fungi Isolatedfrom Desert Soil under Harsh environmentTHAMER HALBALAWI
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
The Clinical Cruciality of Resistin in the Emanation of Polycystic Ovary Syndromein Female Individuals and Its Prediction HAAEL SUBHI ABBAS
Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
The Potential Effect of Metformin Therapy on Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio inPatients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus A New HorizonMOHANAD ADEL MOHAMMED NAWAR R HUSSIEN MARWA S AL-NIEMIHAYDER M ALKURAISHY
Juridical Study on the Dissolution of Religious Activities by CommunityOrganizationsIDIANTO NYOMAN SERIKAT PUTRA JAYA ASEP NANA MULYANA
Nurses Needs and Expectations after Natural Disasters Trauma Based on Valuesand CultureMUSTIKASARI HARIF FADHILLAH ANGGI PRATIWI RINA SETIANA NURSALAM
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicansfrom Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
Efficiency of Ohmic heating for Microbial inactivation in Mango (Mangifera indicaL) pulp APARAJITA PRIYADARSHINI KALPANA RAYAGURU PRAKASH KUMAR NAYAKCHANDRASHREE LENKA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERAL BYRAGI REDDY TSRAVANTHI KR PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of cadmium in Swiss albino micePRIYANKA DADUPANTHI SHILPA BHARGAVA
Response of blood groups to COVID-19 infection TAMER I ABDEL-WAHAB SHERIF I ABDEL-WAHAB EMAN I ABDEL-WAHABMANAL MADEL
Trends in Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Linezolid and Tigecycline onVarious Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusAYESHA FIRDOSE ASHWINI HEGDE SEVITHA BHAT ARCHANA BHATRADHAKRISHNA M
The Anti-apoptotic Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Effects of Ranolazine onRenal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Adult Male Rats LAMAAN MABBAS AHMED MABDUL HAMEED WEAAM JABBAS MAYSABDULSATAR NAJAH RHADI
Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
Effect of Long Exposure Against Quantity and Quality of DNA in ToothpickSamples as an Alternative for Individual IdentificationBETA NOVIA RIZKY MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA AMIATUN RUTH AHMADYUDIANTO
Application of Strict Liability Concept to Companies that Commit Crimes ofEnvironmental DestructionARSHINTA FITRI DIYANI ARIEF HIDAYAT RETNO SARASWATI
Development of Bank Secrecy Principle Regulations to Uncover Crimes andIncrease State Revenue in IndonesiaDHIAN INDAH ASTANTI AGA NATALIS
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Multimoda Mosquito Killer BG-360 andPhotocatalyst Mosquito amp Fly trapsMUBARAK TRI BASKORO TUNGGUL SATOTO SRI HARTINI ALVA EDY TONTOWI
Chili Peppers Extract Could Prevent Kidney Stone IncidenceANAS KHALEEL TALAL SALEM AL-QAISI ABDALLAH AHMED ELBAKKOUSHMOHAMMAD NIAZI HUSNI S FARAH KHALED ABDUL-AZIZ AHMED RAFATABUTALEB
Hepatic Encephalopathy Precipitated By Sepsis and Outcome of Its ManagementANUSHA NARAYANAN RAMA P VENU RENJITHA BHASKARAN ROSHNI PR
Enrichment of Gut Ecosystem by Daily Supplementation of Selective ProbioticStrains and Probiotic Complex in Dysbiosis Condition of AutismKSUNAND GKRISHNA MOHAN VASUDHA BAKSHI
Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
Assessing Patient Satisfaction with Community Pharmacy Services in Yogyakarta
IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
Perception of Stroke Warning Symptoms in At-Risk Patients SOMSAK THOJAMPA SIRIKANOK KLANKHAJHON WUTTICHAI SAHATTECHOORAWAN PAIROJWOOTTIPONG JIRAPA JUNBUA
Comparative Analysis of Abortion Arrangement on the Draft Criminal Code (RuuKuhp) and Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 36 of 2009 Concerning HealthMUHAMMAD DZIKIRULLAH H NOHO BUDI SANTOSO PARAMITAPRANANINGTYAS ROFI WAHANISA
Anticonvulsant activity of alcoholic leaf extract of Centella asiatica in ratsM S UMAMAGESWARI V RHEVANTH T M KARTHIKEYAN
Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Nanoemulsion Containing Mixed HerbalExtract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic RatsERINDYAH R WIKANTYASNING NURCAHYANTI WAHYUNINGTYAS SHARIDAFAKURAZI MUHAMMAD DArsquoI
The Effectiveness of Phosphate Solvent Rhizosphere Bacteria in Stimulating theGrowth of Rice PlantsA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI MASNIAWATI A YANI
Sexual dimorphism using Gonial Angle in children related to diet andenvironment in Surabaya IndonesiaMIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA MONICA HARIEMMY PUTRI AROFIKURNIAWAN HARYONO UTOMO ANrsquoNISAA CHUSIDA AGUNG SOSIAWANBETA NOVIA RIZKY MARIA ISTIQOMAH MARINI
Identification and Evaluation of Medication Errors in Pre- and Post-Operative SettingSWATHI SWAROOPA B PRITHIKA S I SHIVA S V MANASA K RUDRANI TSADAGOBAN G K
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Film Loaded With Ibuprofen for BuccalDeliveryMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H AFRASIM MOIN SHAILESH T YASHAS M S AMIT BPATIL MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Reconstruction of Social Support Approach Model for Tuberculosis PatientsABDHADY J ANDI AGUSTANG ARLIN ADAM HARIANI AMBO UPE INDAH AINUNMUTIARA
Mothers Knowledge about Stimulation Towards Rough Motoric Development ofToddlers Aged 36-59 MonthsHELLEN FEBRIYANTI NUR ALFI FAUZIAH INGGIT PRIMADEVI ADE TYASMAYASARI KOMALASARI IIS TRI UTAMI LINDA PUSPITA
Active Cycle of Breathing to Respiratory Rate in Patients with Lung TuberculosisDIAN ARIF WAHYUDI ADHESTY NOVITA XANDA NIKEN SUKESI LINDA PUSPITAPSIARI KUSUMA WARDANI EVA YURLINA DWI OKTARIYANI HAMID MUKHLIS
The Analysis of Stunting Event Factors in ToddlerFERI KAMELIAWATI RISKA HEDIYA PUTRI FLORENTIUS YOGIE PRATAMA
Nurse Caring Behavior Towards Patients Satisfaction at In-Patient of PublicHealth CenterYENNY MARTHALENA HARDONO JANU PURWONO NUR SEFA ARIEFHERMAWAN RITA SARI USWATUN HASANAH NURY LUTHFIYATIL FITRI
Digital Content Marketing Strategy in Increasing Customer Engagement inCovid-19 SituationANGGA FEBRIAN SATRIA BANGSAWAN MAHRINASARI MS AYI AHADIAT
Improving Management Effectiveness by Strengthening TransformationalLeadership Self Efficacy and Learning Organization in Covid-19 PandemicJOKO TRIMULYO SOEWARTO HARDHIENATA WIDODO SUNARYO MZAINAL ARIFIN
Improvement of Professional Commitments by Strengthening AchievingMotivation in Covid-19 EraTAUFIK THAMRIN ABDULLAH SRI SETYANINGSIH M ZAINAL ARIFIN
The Reliability of Dental Age Estimation in Adults Using the PulpTooth Ratio inSurabaya Indonesia PopulationAROFI KURNIAWAN M RIZKY RAFIANTO WIBOWO BETA NOVIA RIZKY MARIAISTIQOMAH MARINI DR ANrsquoNISAA CHUSIDA DR MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA
Physicochemical Characterization Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities ofConjugated Chitosan-Ferulic Acid on Various Radical Initiators SystemKHOIRUN NISA MUSLIH ANWAR NURINA INDIRAYATI WIDA BANARKUSUMANINGRUM
TLC Bioautography In Vitro Antiradical and Antioxidant Activities of LeavesExtract of Bauhinia Acuminata Linn (Caesalpiniaceae)SUDIPTA CHAKRABORTY NN BALA SUDIPTA DAS
PCOD Overview A Journey from Ayurveda to AllopathyNAYANA KALE DEEPAL TAANK HARSHADA KADAM GAURI KAPHARE SWATITALELE ANIL JADHAV
In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
The Carbofuran Exposure During Lactation Period in Reducing the MotoricReflexes and Memory in Infant Mice (Mus musculus)EPY MUHAMMAD LUQMAN WIDJIATI EKA PRAMYRTHA HESTIANAH GRACIAANGELINA HENDARTI LITA RAKHMA YUSTINASARI VISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN
Hofbauer Cells and Nuclear Factor of Kappa Beta on Rats Placenta that BlackCarbon ExposureWAHYU HARGIYANTO VISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN WIDJIATI WIDJIATI EPYMUHAMMAD LUQMAN
Cost of Illness Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in IndonesiaYUNITA NITA DIAS PUTRI WARDANASARI DIVA ARIADNE CERELIA FITRINURMALASARI TUTUT DWI CAHYATI ABDUL RAHEM LIZA PRISTIANTYMUFARRIHAH
The effect of learning methods age and vital capacity of the lungs on thelearning outcomes of 50 meter breaststroke swimming skillsSUKIRI RAMDAN PELANA YUSMAWATI OMAN UNJU SUBANDI ABDULKHOLIK EKAFITRI
Identification of Lead Compounds from Plant Secondary Metabolites to TargetNon-Structural Protein (Ns5) of Dengue Virus by Insilico MethodARUNYA M SIMYA R SIVASANKARI M ARUL JAYANTHI A
Detection of Kaposirsquos Associated Herpesvirus in Saliva of Drug RelatedImmunosupressed PatientSHATHA F ABDULLAH SAMARA MOWAFFAQ ALI
Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
Design Development And Evaluation Of Antidiabetc Matrix Tablets Using NaturalAnd Synthetic PolymersHIMABINDU PEDDAPALLI MADHURIKA SIRIGADI MD FAHEEMUDDINRAMKOTESWARA RAO AMARA ANANDA KUMAR CHETTUPALLI
Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Evaluation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing amine fluoride on gingivalstatus - a clinical investigationMUNAZ MULLA MUSHIR MULLA RAJESH KASHYAP SHASHIKANTH HEGDE ARUNKUMAR MAIYA MYTHRI SARPANGALA FAZLUR RAHMAN SAYED
Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
Implementation of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Lung Tuberculosis UsingFuzzy TsukamotoDAHLAN ABDULLAH
Development of urban agglomeration under the influence of driving forcesSHVETS IYU IRINA SHVETS
Effect of Ethanol n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Marsilea crenata PreslLeaves on ERszlig Expressions of Neurons in Estrogen-Deficient Female MiceMANGESTUTIAGIL HENINGLASWATI NENY PURWITASARI RADELLA AULIAADITYARA FRISCHA AYU WIDIASARI
Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
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Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
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Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
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Formulation and Evaluation of BILAYR Floating Tablet of LevetiracetamHAMAD KADHUM MAARIZ WEDAD K ALI FATIMA A TWFEEQ
Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
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Role of Toxoplasmosis in the Elevation of Microrna-22 Levels With AbortionBASHEER ABD NASRALLA
Design a Diagnostic Kit for Molecular Identification of Helicobacter pyloriHANEEN B AL-WAELI DHAFAR N AL-UGAILI ZAINAB SH KHALAF
E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
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027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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04
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16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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6
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3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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MAYASA MOHAMMED SADEEM SUBHI ABED
Formulation Development and Optimization of Extended Release Pellets ofDexketoprofen TrometamolBHUPENDRA GPRAJAPATI ALPESH PATEL
A Cross Sectional Study on Stress Among Medical Students of Kolhapur City ofMaharashtra Study on stress among medical studentsDRJEEVANKUMAR UYADAV DRDEEPMALA JYADAV
Nanocatalytic Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated Using CamelliaSinensis (Linn) Tender Leaf Extract and Their CharacterizationKRISHNAKUMAR S BETHANNEY JANNEY J SINDU DIVAKARAN LUMENCHRISTY V PRAKASH WILLIAMS G
Calcium Hydroxide Upregulates Interleukin-10 Expression in TimeDependent Exposure and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation of HumanUmbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells ERIC PRIYO PRASETYO MEFINA KUNTJORO FEBRIASTUTI CAHYANISETYABUDI GOENHARTO WIDYA SARASWATI DEVI EKA JUNIARTI NIKEHENDRIJANTINI NINUK HARIYANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA FEDIKABDUL RANTAM
Study of School Entomology Factors on The Impact of Behavioral Changes(Combi) Of the Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in ElementarySchool ChildrenASRIWATI AMIRAH ISMAIL EFENDY ARIFAH DEVI FITRIANI ENDANG
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Cefotaxime DerivativesWASFI AL-MASOUDI RITA S ADAM SAMAR S GHAZI
Authentication Analysis of Snakehead Fish Oil Using Combination of FTIRSpectra and ChemometricsFELLA SYIFA IRNAWATI ALDI BUDI RIYANTA ABDUL ROHMAN
Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus Among Rural Population in IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA FARRAS AMSI SALSABILA SUCI HANIFAH
Evaluation of Different Prepared Binary Systems for DifferentPharmaceutical ApplicationsOMAR YMADY AHMED ADONIA ESMAT ZEIN EL-DEEN SOAAD AHMED
Anti-Inflammatory And Toxicity Studies Of Substituted HydrazinePyrazolone DerivativesSINDHU E ROOPA P NAYAK PREMA SALDANHA DARSHAN RAJ C GSHASHIDHARA KS
Qualitative Analysis and In-Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of Cleome GynandraStemANANDARAJAGOPAL KALUSALINGAM NASYIKA SAMSUDIN ABDULLAH KHANKRUPAVARAM BETHALLA VIJAY KOTRA KAI BIN LIEW MEI JUN LOY SIEW MEIYEE
Adenine Used as Agent Induced of Chronic Kidney Disease Accompanied Anemiafor Rats and rHuEPO-alpha on MgO Nanoparrticles as Drug Delivery in vivo studyAMEER SULTAN ASMA HADI MOHAMMED FATIN FADHEL MOHAMMED AL-KAZAZSHAIMAA HAMED JABER
Social Function of Land and Legal Protection for Communities in Accessing theRight for RoadLATANIA TRIRAMDHANI SIYED ABDUL RAHMAN BIN SIYED OSMAN AL ATTAS
Recontextualizing The Patriarchal Dominance Of Manggarai Heritage CustomaryLaw System By Democratic And Gendered OrientationADRIANUS NGGORO FX ADJI SAMEKTO SUKIRNO
Management of Adverse Effect from Antiretroviral Drugs at HIVAIDSErnaldy Bahar Hospital at South Sumatra IndonesiaLILIK WAHIDAH MASHURI YUSUF AND DIAN ARDIANSYAH
Functional Features of The Cardiovascular System in Athletes with MinorHeart AnomaliesIN MEDVEDEV MA CHICHKOVA MVEREMIN AA SVETLICHKINA AVDORONTSEV NG PRYANIKOVA
Judicial Policy for The Covid-19 Pandemic in Comparative LegalPerspectiveMZMNOMANI ZAFAR HUSSAIN RENU DHAWAN
Applications of Micro-Computed Tomography in DentistrySABIRAM PRASAANTHBDS TRIPURAVARAM VINAY KUMAR REDDY MDSSURESH MITTHRA K VIJAY VENKATESH MDS
Synthesis of Prodrugs of Metronidazole to Mask the Bitterness OMAR ABDULRAHMAN ALSHEIKHLY DANA AMEEN
Prospecting SEHAT-Kader Project to Decrease Perceived Stigma andImprove Quality of Life People Living With HIVAIDS at Kudus DistrictCentral JavaERNAWATI ERNAWATI NURSALAM NURSALAM SHRIMARTI RUKMINI DEVYSITI AMINAH AHMAD FATHUROHMAN TRI HARTITI ARIEF YANTOMACHMUDAH MACHMUDAH
The functional state of the body of older men experiencing regular recreationalstressSYUZAVALISHINA VYUKARPOV MVEREMIN NGPRYANIKOVASYUTATAROVA
Development Of Immune Structures Of The Leaning Intestine Of Rabbits InEarly Postnatal OntogenesisFIRDAVS ORIPOV SOPHIA BLINOVA TASHPULAT DEKHKANOV SALIMDAVLATOV
Verification of Radiation Methods in Diagnostics of Injuries of The KneeJoint Intra-Articular StructuresMARAT KHODZHIBEKOV OBID KHAMIDOV GULSHAT MARDIEVA
Antioxidant Activity and Acute Toxicity of New N4 -Substituted5-(124-Triazole-1-Ylmethyl)-124- Triazole-3-Thiones And S - DerivativesSSZYKOVA GVTSAPLIN VSTALISMANOV IPBULATOV SVPOPKOVGKARMA
Antimicrobial activity of quercetin from Majapahit (Crescentia cujete L) fruitextracts an in silico studySRI RAHMANINGSIH HERNIK PUJIASTUTIK
Novel 5-(4-bromophenyl)-13-oxazole derivatives Synthesis CharacterizationDocking and Evaluation of in vitro Anticancer ActivityPRADEEP GOLANI SUNIL KUMAR SHAH CKTYAGI
Synthesis and structural characterization of ZnTiO3 nanoparticles viamodification sol-gel prosses for assessment of their antimicrobial activityAHMED RHEIMA NIBRAS ABDUL-AMEER ABOUD BASMA ESAM JASIMAHMAD HISMAIL ZAINAB SABRI ABBAS
Efficiency of Ficus carica Latex in therapy of Leishmania tropica In PatientsDRSHAIMAA ASHLASH MSCNOOR ANEAMA DREMAN THABIT NADHAIFALFATLAWY
A clinical study to evaluate the effect of Ardhamatrik Niruha Basti amp BalaTaila Sneha Basti in the management of Vatarakta wsr to GoutMAITREE PATEL LAL RAVI SAHU PARAPPAGOUDRA M RAVI PANDYA
Efficcacy of Tagetes erecta Linn leaf extract cream on rat dermal wound healing MAURITIUS LAMBERTUS EDY PARWANTO DAVID TJAHYADI HOSEA JAYA EDY
Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on oral health related quality oflifeTHANISH AHAMEDS ARVINA RAJASEKAR
Women Decision for the Post COVID 19 Era An Action to call from Delhi-NCR IndiaDRNITIN GIRDHARWAL DR MRINAL VERMA
Evaluation of the effect of 1 Metformin Gel coating on theosseointegration achieved around dental implants using bone mineraldensity and radiofrequency analysis- A clinical and three-dimensionalradiographic studyHIMANI SHARMA ANAMIKA SHARMA SWATI GUPTA APOORVA MOWARCHANDAN KUSUM
Biosimulation studies-based optimization of fungal derived LovastatinRSUPENDRA SANTHARAM S KATTA
The Effect of Mindfulness-based Eating Exercise with Social CognitiveTheory (SCT) Approach to Self-Efficacy and Dietary Adherence of DiabetesMellitus Type 2SYLVI HARMIARDILLAH KUSNANTO ILYA KRISNANA I KETUT ANDIKAPRIASTANA
Production of antimicrobial compound from a novel keratinolytic bacteria Bacillustequilensis MBR 25 for the control of foodborne pathogensBETHALA RAMYA PANDU BRAHMAJI RAO
Multi-Machine Learning Binary Classification Feature Selection and ComparisonTechnique for Predicting Death Events Related to Heart DiseaseRITU AGGRAWAL SAURABH PAL
The relation between maxillary buccal canine impaction and dentalanomalies - A retrospective studyREEM ARAFEEQ SARA M AL-MASHHADANY HIBA M HUSSEIN RESHA JAL-SUDANI MAISAA Q MUHAMED ALI
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Biochemical Markers Of Metabolic Disorders In The Blood Of Patients With JawFractures In The Post-Traumatic Period
BOBAMURATOVA DILNOZA TURDIKULOVNA BOYMURADOV SHUKHRATABDUJALILOVICH ANSHUL JRAI YUSUPOV SHOKHRUKH SHUXRATOVICHNARMUROTOV BAKHTIYAR QARSHIYEVICH IBRAGIMOV DAVRONDASTAMOVICH ABDURAKHMONOV FARKHOD RAKHMONOVICH
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Domination in different graphsKMYTHILY SKALAIVANI PELUMALAI PTHARANIYA
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Socio-economic analysis of broiler livestock business in West Lombok districtIndonesiaMUHAMMAD YASIN
Inhibitory and eradication activities of 1-monolaurin as anti-biofilm onmonospecies and polymicrobial of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candidatropicalis CHAERUL FADLY MOCHTAR ETI NURWENING SHOLIKHAH DWI ARIS AGUNGNUGRAHANINGSIH TITIK NURYASTUTI FEBRI ODEL NITBANI JUMINA
Supplementation of Feed Additives on Aquaculture Feeds A Review SANAA ABDULAZIZ MUSTAFA JAMAL KHALAF AL-FARAGI
Coronavirus disease (covid-19) outbreak in india DANIEL FRANCIS SELVARAJ BALAKRISHNAN S MANOPAUL P
Analysis of egg consumption in palu and sigi district communitiesKETUT SUARAYASA JULIUS SUGIHARTO SAIRAMA SARAGIH VITA ARISTYANITABERTIN AYU WANDIRA
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Online and conventional learning as viewed by students from pharmacy ELHAM ALSHAMMARI EMAN ALOTAIBI
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A Prospective study to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling in improvinginhaler device technique in COPD patients using MDI with spacer and MDIETHIRAJAN NANDAGOPAL M SUMITHRA N MEENAKSHI
Comparative In Vitro Anticancer Study Of 4-Thiazolidinone Scaffold BearingThiadiazole Moiety Derived from Phenolic AldehydesNEETU CHOPRA SANDEEP JAIN NAVIDHA AGGARWAL
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Scereening Of Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to increaselocal aromatic rice plant growthSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDRABDUL RAHIM SALEH
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Redesign of the Legislative Function of the Regional Representative Councilof the Republic of Indonesia to Strengthen Regional AutonomyZULFAN RETNO SARASWATI SUKIRNO NABITATUS SArsquoADAH
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Incisional Hernia Different Approaches The Defect Size Is the RefereeADIL SHAKER AL TAMIMI ISRAA ABDUL WAHED DHEEB
Molecular Identification of Fusarium Brachygibbosum And Some Isolates ofTrichoderma SppALI AODEH RAJAA GABDALMOOHSIN AQEEL NAL-ABEDY
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Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)
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The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI H MEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Nature of oral cancer progression according to gender evaluation throughmetastasis and recurrence - A Single University StudySINDHU PRIYA KUPPUSAMY SUNDARA MURTHY DRMAHATHINDRSURESH
Prevalence of class I occlusion in mixed dentitionNIVETHA G ARVIND S
Age and gender related distribution of patients undergoing maxillary thirdmolar extractionsSAM JOHN KOSHY MADHULAXMI M SIVAKUMAR M
Knowledge attitude and awareness of platelet rich fibrin among dentalstudents in chennaiABHISHEK NARAM MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW DEEPAK S
Evaluation of the awareness of gingival recession amongst patients whounderwent root coverage treatment - A retrospective studyVUNNAM SRI SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
Assessment of impacted third molars in patients with temporomandibulardisordersJAYA KEERTHANA S SREEDEVI DHARMAN MARAGATHAVALLIG
Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
Prevalence of Patients Seeking Aesthetic Treatment Options inOrthodontics - A Retrospective Study MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL M NAVEEN KUMAR
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Evaluation of Patients Reporting with Burning Sensation and Non-SpecificClinical Findings to Department of Oral MedicineABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Assessment of Effectiveness of Local Anesthesia with And WithoutAdrenaline in Patients with Cardiac DisordersMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARYMANJARI
Anemia as An Etiological Agent for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ARetrospective StudyMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARY MANJARI
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
Association Between Angles Class Ii Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease - ARetrospective StudyKARTHIGA DEVI GANGA MOORTHY JAIGANESH RAMAMURTHY PRADEEPDHASARATHAN
Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment of Dental Management of Mentally Challenged Patients Treatedin Special Care Dentistry in A Hospital Setting- Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Prevalence of White Spot Lesions in Patients Treated with Fixed OrthodonticAppliancesAMINA MEHRIN BANO SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Awareness And Knowledge About Pharmacotherapy Of Angular Cheilitis AmongUg Dental Students In Private Dental College ChennaiVINAYA SWETHAT DRDEEPIKA RAJENDRAN DRKIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
A Retrospective Study On Evaluation Of Patients With Recurrent AphthousStomatitisREVATHIB DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
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Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
passifloraceae in the treatment of neurasthenia HUYNH TAN HOI
Prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute st- elevation myocardialinfarctionDRATPARDESI DRDILIP PPATIL DRRAHUL PATIL DRMAKARAND BMANE
A study to determine angiographic findings in patients of acute coronarysyndrome at teaching HospitalDRMRSPATIL SHILPA DRMRSPATANGE APARNA DRMRSVASANT DEOKARDRMRSKAPALE RJ DRMRS PUJARI BHUPAL
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A study of microalbuminuria in newly detected hypertensive individuals in tertiarycare centreDRSSKULKARNI DRUTMANE DRPUJARI BHUPAL DRRAHUL SPATIL
Chemometrics-Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Paracetamol and Tramadol in Divided Powder DosageFormDINA CHRISTIN AYUNING PUTRI MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUSDIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds inWistar Albinos ratsFATIMA EL KAMARI HASSAN LAAROUSSI DRISS OUSAAID YASSINE EL ATKIAMAL TAROQ IMANE AOUAM BADIAA LYOUSSI ABDELFATTAH ABDELLAOUI
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a-Glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of butyrolactone I derivedfrom Aspergillus terreus and evaluation of its acute toxicity RIZNA TRIANA DEWI TENI ERNAWATI HANI MULYANI AKHMAD DARMAWANINDAH DWIATMI DEWIJANTI SOFNA BANJARNAHOR TRI YULIANI MARISSAANGELINA SOFA FAJRIAH ABDI WIRA SEPTAMA
HPMC Polymeric System Structural Contribution in Controlling Drug Release inSustained Drug Delivery SystemAJIT KULKARNI VIPUL DHASADE VIVEK INGALE AMIT KASABE ARCHANAYADAV SANTOSH FATTEPUR NAGARAJA SREEHARSHA EBHAVYA
Drug-Induced Acute PancreatitisANURAG LAVEKAR UMESH MARAPPA SWARALI TADWALKAR VIVEKCHAUDHARI
Comparative Study Of Amino Acids Profile Of Eel Fish (Anguilla Bicolor) In TheYellow Eel And Silver Eel Phase From Lake PosoJAMALUDDIN NURrsquoAENI AGUSTINUS WIDODO WA ODE SITTI MUSNINA
Physical Chemistry Characterization of Gelatin on Eel Fish Bone (Anguillamarmorata Q Gaimard) With Various Concentrations of Solvent Base andExtraction TimeJAMALUDDIN AKHMAD KHUMAIDI RAODHATUL JANNA YONELIAN YUYUNAGUSTINUS WIDODO PITRIANI
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The Rationale For Performing Hybrid Mediastinal Lymph Node DissectionBy Transhiatal Access For Thoracic Esophageal CancerDJAKHANGIR SABIROV BAKHTIYOR MADIYOROV ABDUGAFFAR RASULOVNIZOM ERMATOV ORZIGUL YUSUPOVA
Effect Of Dietary And Lifestyle Transitions On Functional Immune SystemSARAH MOHAMED R S UPENDRA SHRADDHA BIJALWAN VAISHNAVI BHAGWANBOPTE ABHINASH KUMAR GIRI
Title Updates on community pharmacistsrsquo involvement in tuberculosis program inIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity and DPPH radical scavenging Assay ofisolated compound from Etlingera rubroloba (Blume) AD Poulsen stemASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
2d-Qsar Study Of Synthesized Novel Derivatives Of 134-OxadiazolesSOMASHEKHAR M R B KOTNAL S R KARAJAGI
Molecular and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric determination ofFurosemide via complex formation with Chromium ionKHITAM JABER NABHAN ABBAS SHEBEEB HASAN AL-KADUMI JWAN ODAYABDULSATTAR
Direct and Indirect Cost of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia A PrevalenceBased Study with Human Capital ApproachSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds Oil of Agricultural Wastein MalaysiaSHAKINAZ DESA ASAAD ABBAS KHALAF SYARUL NATAQAIN BINTIBAHARUM MUSTAFA MUDHAFAR
Tribulus terrestris Linn Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced By Monosodium-Glutamate An In Vivo EvidenceGOMATHI SWAMINATHAN SRIKANTH JUPUDI SATHISH R ROSHAN NS
Clinical and experimental value of integrated lymphatic therapy in nonspecificulcerative colitisYULDOSHALI EGAMOV AKHTAM RUZIYEV SARVAR KHAIDAROV GULISHAYKHOVA ADILBEK RAJABOV NIZOM ERMATOV
Protective Effects of Antagonism of Interleukin-1 Receptors in 3-nitropropionicAcid Provoked Huntington Disease-Related SymptomsSURBHI GUPTA BHUPESH SHARMA
The Correlation between Serum Iron Level and Transferrin Saturation withReticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent (RET-He) in Routine HemodialysisMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDO LUBIS RIABANDIARA ABDUL HADI MARTAKUSUMAH RULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAHROESLI DEDI RACHMADI
Antileukotriene Drugs in The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in ChildrenMIRRAKHIMOVA MAKTUBA XABIBULLAYEVNA ABDULLAEVA DILOROMTELMANOVNA ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ GAYRATOVNA SAGDULLAYEVA MAFURAABDUKARIMOVNA ABDULLAYEVA MUXLISA MASRUROVNA
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effect on Quality of Life among AdolescentPopulation A Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia SIREEN A SHILBAYEH WEDYAN A ALHUSSAIN ALANOUD S ALHIBS NAJLA GALMALKI NOUF A ALMAJHAD SAMAR T NOURI SARAH M ALSALEH
Maximal Matching in Fractal Graphs and Its ApplicationPTHARANIYA GJAYALALITHA
Anticancer properties of hymecromone-derived compounds A reviewNOORA THAMER ABDULAZIZ YASSER FAKRI MUSTAFA
Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of new 15-Benzodiazepine derivatives contain Cyclic imides and Mannich basesMALATH KHALAF RASHEED DIANA ABDALKREEMAL-RIFAIE DHAMER ISMAELMADAB
Componential Description Of Medicated Foams A ReviewHAYDER HUSSEIN ALWAN HANAN JALAL KASSAB
Molecular Study Of The TG Gene Polymorphisms In Patients WithHashimotorsquos Thyroiditis Among Iraqis PopulationBASMAN A NADHIM ABBAS G HAMMED HAYDER O HASHIM NAZAR JMETIB
Comparative genetic study for some species of the family Poaceae using theRAPD molecular indicatorSALWAH HAMZA HUSSEIN AL-HASSNWY RUQAYA MANOON HASAN AL-NOMANI
Quercetin Isolated from Dried Ginkgo Biloba leaves with the PhytochemicalScreeningFARQAD M BAQER BASSAM A HASSAN FADIL MOHSEN HAMED
Therapeutic efficacy of protein compound extractionfromMetapenaeusaffinisagainst glucosamine sulphate-induced nephrotoxicity inmale ratsAMAL KABBAS
Evaluation of HER2-Neu status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situhybridization as a prognostic factor in gastric and gastro-esophageal cancerEAMAN SUUD KHALIFA AYSER HAMEED LATIF
Can IL1szlig and IL10 levels assessment in endometrial secretion predict pregnancyoutcome after ICSI A prospective studyTAIF EIMAD AHMED FADIA J AL-IZZI QAYS AHMED MAHDI
Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and its complexes with some metal ions and Their FluorescenceStudyINAM HASHIM IBRAHIM HASAN A HASAN
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Al-Anbar Governorate Western of IraqIBRAHIM NS AL-KAISSI SAAD M SHUKR MARWA A KUBBA
New Polymeric Coii Niii And Cdii Complexes With Tetrazole Schiff-Base LigandsSynthesis Spectral Characterisation And Biological ActivityRIYADH M AHMED BAIDAA K AL-RUBAYE NASRY J HUSSIEN ENAAM I YOUSIFHASAN A HASAN MOHAMAD J AL-JEBOORI
Evaluation of the Cytocompatibility of Novel Gingival Retraction Pastes based onBoswellia papyrifera
HIBA A SALMAN MANHAL A MAJEED EAMAN A AL-RUBAEE
Isolation and genotyping of local Toxoplasma gondii strains in infected chickenABDULRAZZAQ MOHAMMED HAMOOD ALI MOHAMMED ABED
Preparation and characterization of diazepam loaded nanomicelles for pediatricintravenous dose adjustmentMUHANNAD SALAH AL RADHI MOHAMMED SABAR AL-LAMI ENAS ABDULSAHIB
Baseline Widal Titre Amongst the Healthy Individuals from Western RuralMaharashtraIndia DR RAVINDRA V SHINDE ANJALI R SHINDE DR S T MOHITE DR SANDEEPB SHINDE DR S K PAWAR DR S R PATIL
IoT BASED CPAP MACHINEJPREMKUMAR TSUDHAKAR ABDULLAH S ABHIJIT GOSWAMI EKAVITHA
To the Problem of Fungal Pathology in the Hot Climate in Children and AdultsSHAIKHOVA GULI ERMATOV NIZOM ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ ABDULLAEVADILOROM YUSUPOVA ORZIGUL ALLAYEVA MUNIRA
Effect of Tender Coconut Water on Experimental Urolithiasis An In Vitro StudyGAYATRI S SOWNDARYA S KARTHIKEYAN G
Development and Optimization of Multiple-Unit Floating Drug Delivery System ofPregabalin Using Quality by Design (QbD) ApproachMONIKA KHARB YSTANWAR
Dissolution profile comparison of two marketed Favipiravir tabletsSANDEEP KHATALE CHAUDHARI NIKHIL SURESH ANAGHA UPASANINILAM BHUSARE
Development of a Tool to Assess the Safe and Quality Use of ImmunizationJUNY SEBASTIAN GURUMURTHY PARTHASARATHI MANDYAM DHATI RAVI
Effectiveness of Olive Oil Massage on Post Caesarean Pain and Quality of Sleepamong Primigravida MothersPRIYADARSINIA REVATHIPG
Assessment of the Quality of Life and the Level of Depression in Patients withChronic Kidney Disease on Programmed HemodialysisAKSNA M KARDANGUSHEVA LILIYA V ELGAROVA ZARINA A SHUGUSHEVAIRINA H ALMOVA SOFIAT KH SIZHAZHEVA
The Expression of Immunohistochemistry IL-10 And IL-18 On Helminth-InfectedMice Treated With The Extract Of Areca catechu LENDY JULI ANTO AZNAN LELO SYAFRUDDIN ILYAS MARLINE NAINGGOLAN
Evaluation of Basic Plants in The Bank of Healthy Potato Varieties in The NorthernRegion and The High Mountain ZoneOVES EV
An objective assessment of the importance of regions for beekeeping based onmelliferous resources and ambient temperatureVNKULAKOV AGMANNAPOV
Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosaceain Iraqi PatientsSAMER A DHAHER
Construction and Validation of Ayurveda Health Assessment Questionnaire(AHAQ) Based on Characteristics of Health (Arogya Linga) Mentioned by AcharyaKashyapa DR SAURABH AGRAWAL DRSHIVAKUMAR DRMBKAVITHA DRASHA KP
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Film Loaded with IbuprofenNanoparticlesVISHAL B RAWAL AFRASIM MOIN SUBHAM JAIN N AMIT B PATILMEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Orodispersible Tablets ContainsIbuprofen Loaded Microfiber for Better In-Vitro DissolutionSUBHAM JAIN N AFRASIM MOIN VISHAL B RAWAL AMIT B PATIL MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S DV GOWDA
Co-Amorphous Based Supersaturated Urea-Losartan Potassium TransdermalFormulation For HypertensionNANHI NANDINI AFRASIM MOIN ROHINI BHATTACHARYA MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISHBABU P NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Characterization and Formulation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System ofPiroxicamROHINI BHATTACHARYA AFRASIM MOIN NANHI NANDINI MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISH BABU P NITHIN KS D V GOWDA
Identifying gene clusters as signature biomarkers for predictingmethotrexate effectiveness and potential side effects during RheumatoidArthritis therapyANAS KHALEEL AFNAN MEQBEL ROWAN ALEJIELAT YAZAN SBATARSEH ABDALLAH A ELBAKKOUSH BAYAN Y GHANIM CRISTINA IBATARSEH NIDAL A QINNA
Recent Trends on Regulatory Aspects of Nanotechnology in IndianPharmaceutical MarketDAKA NAGARJUNA REDDY DR MAHAVEER SINGH DR BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVADR KONDA RAVI KUMAR
Toxicopathological And Biochemical Impacts Of 2378 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-
Dioxin ( TCDD ) On Liver Of Albino Male RatsANAS AHUMADI SAMER I SABEEH BUSHRA I AL-KAISEI ALI IBRAHIM ALI AL-EZZY
Characterisation Of Encapsulated Beta Vulgaris LinnDry Powder Extract InChitosanSANGGITA AYU IKASARI ANITA SUKMAWATI
The effect of giving wamerose juice for high blood pressure of patientshypertension in PalembangMUZAKAR LISTRIANAH PRATIWI BI AHMAD FUDHOLI
Antimalarial Properties of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subspHygroscopicus Secondary Metabolite Active Fractions In Silico and In VivoAnalysisLOEKI E FITRI AJENG M PUTRI NABILA E ERWAN FITRIA F PUTRI RIVO YB NUGRAHA TEGUH W SARDJONO KANA MARDHIYYAH DIO G ARIELICHA F D FARATISHA SUCIATI BACHTIAR R P IHSAN SRI WINARSIH
Identification of foodborne pathogens and antibacterial activity of ethanolicextract of Alangium salviifoliumMOUNICA SURA SREENATH KONANKI SREEYAPUREDDY ANITHA DS RAOJAYASIMHA RAYALU DADDAM
Analytical Method Validation and Determination of Genistein Daidzein andGlycitein in Soybean Milk by RP-HPLC MethodFLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO ABDUL ROHMAN SUWIDJIYOPRAMONO SUDIBYO MARTONO
Therapeutic effect of Valproic acid in conjunction with physical rehabilitation inthe treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type II TAMER EMAM ELNEGAMY HISHAM MEGAHED SAFY ELDIN M ABO ALI HANANH BATTESHA MARIAN M SHAFE
Assessment amp comparison of hepatoprotective potential of indigenoustherapeutic flora by using tetrachloromethane encouraged liver toxicity in Albino(Wister strain) rodent model GAURAV KUMAR SHARMA MEENAKSHI DHANAWAT RAHUL LODHA KAMALKUMAR GOYAL JAI KUMAR PARETA
Weapon Against Epilepsy Acorus Calamus Itrsquos PhytochemistryEthnopharmacology And Pharmacological ActionsVIKAS SHARMA CHANDANA MAJEE SHIVANI SAXENA RAJNISH KUMARSALAHUDDIN AVIJIT MAZUMDER
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of A compound Produced by AnEndophytic Fungus Isolated from The Leaves of Coleus amboinicus LourPUJI ASTUTI ROLLANDO ROLLANDO DWI KOKO PRATOKO SUBAGUSWAHYUONO ARIEF NURROCHMAD
Effects Antihiperglycemic of Sembung (Blumea balsamifera L) Leaf EthanolExtract on Blood Glucose and Pancreas Histopathology in Hyperglycemic MaleWistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus)SRI WAHJUNI NI WAYAN BOGORIANI HAFSIAH AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Successful treatment of acquired Severe Aplastic Anemia with AutologousCord Blood Transplantation case report and literature reviewGHOLAMREZA BAHOUSH ZAHRA SOHEILIRAD JAVAD BALASI
Quantification of Naproxen Sodium in biological sample by using UPLC-MSMSmethodSUMITHRA M AYSHA JADEERA K A YAMINI R VIJEY AANANDHI M
A Questionnaire Based Study To Assess The Awareness And KnowledgeAbout P Drug Concept And Rational Use Of Medicine Among Third YearMedical StudentsDRVIRENDRA KUSHWAHA DR POOJA AGRAWAL DR PUSHPENDRAPUSHKAR DR MANGESHKUMAR TRIPATHI DR SARITA SINGH
Safe Use of Ocular Nanosuspension GNANASAMPATH MADHAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Oxadiazoles Combined with theNucleus of BenzothiazoleVISHAL KUMAR SATISH KUMAR SHARMA RIZWAN AHMAD
Laparoscopic Two Stage FowlerndashStephens Orchiopexy For High IntraabdominalUndescended TestisDRMARYAM JABBAR GHAZI DRWASEEM AHMAD ELKATIB JASSIM ABDULHASSAN AL MAYALI ALAA JUMAAH MANJI NASRAWI
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Antioxidant Activity Test and PolyphenolLevelsofInstant Tamarillo Juice Powder(SolanumBetaceumCav)Based on Difference Foaming Agents NOVI FAJAR UTAMI
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
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The Use of Sorbents for Intoxication of Chickens with ImidaclopridVLADISLAV I EGOROV DAMIR V ALEYEV ANDREY V MALANEV KADRIA FKHALIKOVA GULNARA G GALYAUTDINOVA GUZALIYA R YAMALOVA ANNA MTREMASOVA ILNUR R KADIKOV ALEXANDER M SAIFUTDINOV EDUARD ISEMENOV EDUARD A SHURALEV SERGEY YU SMOLENTSEV
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Caries severity dental knowledge and behavior among a group of childrenattending Preventive Clinic College of Dentistry University of BasrahSARAH W AL-ABBASI ADIL G FADIL ALAA H ABED
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Hand Sanitizer A healthy weapon to fight against COVID -19KAMAL SHAH SUMIT CHHABRA NAGENDRA SINGH CHAUHAN
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Cost of illness of hypertension from the perspective of patients using a patient-based survey in several primary healthcare centers and a hospital in YogyakartaIndonesiaDWI ENDARTI ANNA WAHYUNI WIDAYANTI GITA WANDANSARI SHERLYNOVENTI
Potential Immunomodulator Fraction Fruit Of Etlingera rubroloba AD PoulsenAgainst Macrophage Phagocytosis And Interleukin-12 Levels In BCG-StimulatedBalbC Mice MUHAMMAD ILYAS Y AJENG DIANTINI ELI HALIMAH RIEZKI AMALIAMOHAMMAD GHOZALI EUIS JULAEHA
Synthesis of 3-(1H-azole-1-yl)propane-12-diols and their use in the synthesis ofbiologically active 22-disubstituted 4-(azole-1-ylmethyl)-13-dioxolanesVSTALISMANOV SV POPKOV G KARMANOVA SSZYKOVA MVSHUSTOV
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Synthesis Molecular Docking and Evaluation of Library of 3-Mercapto-1 2 4-Triazole Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents SWARNAGOWRI NAYAK SUSHRUTA S HAKKIMANE SWAPNA B NITINKUMAR SSHETTY SANTOSH L GAONKAR
Comparative Study of Genomic and Pathogenic Characteristics of the HumanCoronavirusesDHANALAKSHMIG ANADI UZMA FARHEEN
SARS-CoV-2 TRAUMA HANDLING AND HAZARD RESCUE THROUGH MACHINELEARNINGBALAKRISHNAN S MSYED SHAHUL HAMEED SHAMEER MOHAMMED SHIMAZKHAN SHAIK ASWIN G
A Retrospective Qualitative Study on Pharmacotherapeutic Management ofCoronary Artery Disease Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Discussion onComprehensive Role of Clinical Pharmacist In Clinical PracticeABHARATH KUMAR MSUMASHANKAR
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Estimation of Total Phenolic Total Flavonoid Content and Assessment of in vitroAntioxidant Activity of Extracts of plant Maytenus emarginata stembarkUMESH PRABHAKAR JOSHI RAJENDRA DAYARAM WAGH
Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
Metal complexes with heteroscorpionate ligand founded on the pyridinaminegroup cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor antimicrobial antioxidant and in vitrocytotoxicity notional studiesAESHAH MUHANA MOHAMMED REHAB KADHEM RAHEM AL-SHEMARY
Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
Complexes of Co(II) Cu(II) Ni(II) Pt(II) And Pd(II) with N3O-Chelating LigandIncorporating Azo and Schiff Base Moieties Synthesis SpectroscopicThermal Decomposition Theoretical Studies and thermodynamicparameters HIYAM HADI ALKAM WASAN MOHAMMED ALWAN REHAB KADHIMRAHEEM ALSHEMARY
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
Assessment Of Drug Compliance And Targeted Pharmacist Intervention In AcuteIschemic Stroke PatientVARSHITHA NAKKA SUREKHA PUSAPATI AJAY MANUKONDA DR SKUMARAVELU VARA PRASAD SAKA
Intermittent dosing of isotretinoinNADA ALSALEH ELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Larvicidal activity of isolated fatty acids from Senegalia rugata podsMOUNICA PONUGOTI SIVA PRASAD PANDAC UMASANKARKULANDAIVELU D GSN KOTESWARA RAOE RAJASEKHAR REDDYALAVALA F CHAKRAVARTHI GUNTUPALIG DSNBK PRASANTHH
Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk) A Rich Extract Loaded Floating MicroballoonsAdvance Therapy to Treat and Manage Gastric UlcerRANJITHA M UMA NITHYASHREE RS SHOUVIK KUMAR D SASIPRIYA SVSTANMOY GHOSH KAMATCHI SUNDARA SARAVANAN MOHAMMAD AZAMTHULLA
Effervescent Tablet Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Gong-GongShell Waste (Strombus turturella) SUCI FITRIANI SAMMULIA HASYRUL HAMZAH CHAERUL FADLYMOCHTAR AMELINDA OKTAVIANI
Development And Evaluation Of Solid-Lipid Nanoparti-cles Loaded WithGemcitabine For Delivery Through Pulmonary RouteRACHNA M KUMAR AFRASIM MOIN MERRYL DSILVA SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
Design And Development Of Gemcitabine Nanoemulsion For Pulmonary DeliveryMERRYL DrsquoSILVA AFRASIM MOIN RACHNAM KUMAR SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
Association of additive risk of INC I gene with the presence of Diabetes Type 1 andType 2AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Evaluating The Implementation Of The Quality Assurance Agencys Work ProgramAt STAI MU TanjungpinangRUDI HARTONO SYAMSUL BAHRI MAEMUNAH SArsquoDIYAH ENDIN MUJAHIDIN
Evaluation Of Implementation Of Village Middle Education And Training ProgramsIn Batam Health Training Centers (Bapelkes) In Batam City Province Of RiauIslandsENDIN MUJAHIDIN ASMALI RUDI HARTONO
Incidence and types of thyroid tumour in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditisHUSSAIN TAHER ALBAAJ AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
The gender traits of completed suicide committed in unlike periods of the ferganaZAYNITDIN GIYOSOV ULFIDDINKHON MAKHSUMKHONOV IBROKHIMBAKHRIEV SHOKIR BEKNAZAROV JAKHONGIR BEKNAZAROV
The Effect of Giving Yellow Pumkin Seed (C Moschata d) Biscuits on Hemoglobin(Hb) Levels and Zinc (Zn) Status pf Pregnant Women with Chronic EnergyDeficiency in Bone District South SulawesiNGURAH SUKARYA AMINUDDIN SYAM MASNI ABDUL SALAM BURHANUDDINBAHAR SYAMSIAR S RUSSENG
Make-Up Effects Psychological and Sociological PerspectiveALI AL-SAMYDAI MAHA NABU HAJLEH MUSTAFA AKRAM OTHMAN DANAMARIE ENAS ALTATAR HANEEN TAHER RUBA HAMDAN RUAA ALHARAIRYRUDAINA OTHMAN YOUSIF MAHMOOD AL-SAMYDAI
Common side impacts of antibacterial drugs within the treatment of bacterialdiseaseMAVLYANOVA NOZIMA MAMATOVA NODIRA GZAMOVA NAZIFA MUXITDINOVAMAVJUDA SHEROVA ZEBO BURANOVA DILFUZA MUXAMMADJANOVA MADINA
The Effectiveness of Walnuts Extract and Metformin on Blood Sugar LevelReduction in Hyperglycemic Induced Alloxan RatsNURHAEDAR JAFAR NURSYAFITRI RAMADANI NURPUDJI A TASLIM HEALTHYHIDAYANTY AMINUDDIN SYAM YAHYA THAMRIN
Determinants of Medication of Hypertension Patients in Urban and Rural Areas ofSouth SulawesiHASLINDAH IDA LEIDA M THAHA HEALTHY HIDAYANTY WAHIDUDDIN ANDIZULKIFLI DARMAWANSYAH
Resolution of Disputes on Illegal Acts by the Authorities in IndonesiaKARTIKA WIDYA UTAMA YUDHITIYA DYAH SUKMADEWI YOS JOHAN UTAMAIRMA CAHYANINGTYAS
Quality by design (QbD) approach for Design and Development ofVortioxetine hydrobromide Multi-dose nasal spray solution for effectivetreatment of depression In-vitro and In-vivo evaluationPRAFUL MGIRADKAR DEEPA HPATEL
Peculiarities Of The Course Of Hypertonic Disease In Residents Living NearUranium MinesAZIMOVA SB BOZORALIEV SHB TALIPOVA NK RAKHMATULLAEV EA
Prevalence of Leishmaniasis (Cutaneous and Visceral) in Basrah Provincebetween 2013 and 2018MANAL ISMAEL KHALEEL
Cytotoxic effect of avocado (Persea americana) seed extract containing quercetinin T47D cells by inducing apoptotic pathway in vitro and in silicoNI PUTU LINDA LAKSMIANI NI NYOMAN SAVITRI MEGA ARWANAWATI PUTU CIAINTANIA WARNAYA ANAK AGUNG GEDE RAI YADNYA PUTRA
The Employment of FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics to IdentifyUnallowed Synthetic Drugs in Herbal ProductDHARMASTUTI CAHYA FATMARAHMI RATNA ASMAH SUSIDARTI RESPATI TRISWASONO ABDUL ROHMAN
COVID-19 Triggers The Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis A Case Report ofUncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes MellitusSULTAN M ALSHAHRANI NAJIM Z ALSHAHRANI KHALED M ALAKHALI
In vivo antigenotoxic potential of sesame oil against cyclophosphamide inducedgenotoxicity and oxidative stress in micePANKAJ TRIPATHI ABDUL AZIZ HAKAMI ABDULRAHAMAN AWAGI ABDULLAHALTAMAR ABDULMAJEED MOHAMMED JALI ABDUL HAKEEM SIDDIQUI
Effect of empowerment of cadres for dental and oral health before and duringpregnancy (Study at Gunung Anyar Sub-district Surabaya Indonesia in 2020)IDA CHAIRANNA MAHIRAWATIE RATIH LARASATI
Evaluation of Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Sansevieria Trifasciata P onAlopecia Androgenic Rabbit MaleHENNY KASMAWATI RESMI MUSTARICHIE ELI HALIMAH RUSLIN
A New Approach for Bioavailability Enhancement of Cefpodoxime as EntericCoated Sustained Release BeadsCSAI KISHAN AFRASIM MOIN P K KULKARNI KALAISELVI R MEENAKSHI SSHARADHA M SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Comparison Of Gas Manreg Simulated Low Flow Anaesthesia With Real-Time UsingSevoflurane - Air Oxygen MixtureDRRAVISHANKARM DRBALASUBRAMANIAN ANUSHA DR VR HEMANTHKUMAR DRSPARTHASARATHY
Design and invitro evaluation of olmesartan medoxomil floating tabletsSACHIN B AGLAWE AMOL U GAYKE RAVINDRA S DUKARE RAHUL ASOMWANSHI SATYAM D JAIN VINOD V ANUSE
Cross-sectional study of the association between polycystic ovarysyndrome and uterine septum anomaliesADNAN AH ALBDAIRI MOHEND AN AL-SHALAH
Improvement of endogenous prevention of dental caries in children in organizedchildrens groupsABDUAZIMOVA LA DINIKULOV ZHA ZAKIRKHANOVA SHA ABBASOVA DBKUCHKAROVA MK MAKHKAMOVA FT
Regulating The Fibroblast Growth Into Critical Size Mandibular Bone Defectvia Demineralized Dentin Material Membrane ImplantationPRATIWI SOESILAWATI AGNES PARAMITHA NASTITI MUHAMMAD ALWINOBAYU FIRDAUZY YULIATI YULIATI NOOR HAYATY ABU KASIM
NEFL gene Expression Analysis in a sample of Iraqi Multiple Sclerosis PatientsHASSAN LAFTA ATIYAH ASMAA MOHAMMED SAUD NAWFAL MADHI SHEAHEED
Ex vivo In-vitro and In-silico Neuroprotective Activity of Selected TraditionalMedicinal Plants- A Reverse Pharmacological ApproachYMEGHANA SRIKANTH JEYABALAN
Evaluation of Antiplaque and Antigingivitis Effects of A Herbal MouthwashTHANISH AHAMEDS ARVINA RAJASEKAR
University Studentsrsquo Knowledge on Antibiotic Use in Yogyakarta A Cross-Sectional SurveySUSI ARI KRISTINA SHINTA DIVA EKANANDA MAWARDI IHSAN
Study of Effect of Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil massage on Weight Gain inPreterm NeonatesDR NANDIMALLA VINAY KUMAR DRGGAUTHAM DRSRI SUSHMITHA GOLIDRARCHANA S DRPRATIBHAR DRPRATIBHARK DRVENKAT PK
Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
Bioecological traits of the plant indigofera tinctoria l Under introductionconditionsGULKHAYO TURABOEVA ANARJAN MATKARIMOVA AKMAL TURABOEVTURDIYEVA ODINAKHON
Rotavirus vaccination Knowledge and acceptance among mothers in YogyakartaIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA HARDIKA ADITAMA
Metal Complexes of a Novel Schiff Base Based on Cephalexin depictionMolecular Modeling and Biological Efficacy StudyABDUL SALAM ABDUL KAREEM ABDUL RAHMAN REHAB KADHIM RAHEEMALSHEMARY
In Vitro Quantitative Assessment of Viability of Echinococcus granulosusProtoscoleces after Treatment with Ruta graveolens L Methanolic Extract YASEEN TAHA AL QAISI KHALED M KHLEIFAT SAWSAN ATALLAH ORAN
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
Effect of the polymeric matrix on the physicochemical properties of the Diclofenacsodium loaded fibers in Orodispersible TabletsSURABHI C AFRASIM MOIN GIRISH S H MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAHPREETHI S NITHIN K S DVGOWDA
Gene therapy by studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism(rs11886868 amp rs766432) at the BcL11A gene on the severity of beta-thalassemiadisease in the province of AL-NajafHANAN A ABLAA WISAM NAJI ATIYAH AL-MEHANA IBTIHAL KAREEM MAHDITHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN
Multidose studies in rabbits for determining pharmacokinetic andpharmacodynamic interactions of gliclazide with nutraceuticalROJA RANI BUDHA SANTHRANI THAAKUR GSN KOTESWARA RAOLAVANYA YAIDIKAR RAVI MANNE SV SAI KUMAR SKNASEEB BASHA
The consequences of the pharmaceutical management method according to thetype of hospital facilitySAMIHA BENZEKRI AMINE CHEIKH MOHAMMED ADNANE EL WARTITI AHMEDBENNANA
Development of Esomeprazole Mucoadhesive Timerx TabletsEBY GEORGE ANJALI K BIJU FATHIMA MEETHIAN LINTA BENNY SUVARNAVARGHESE
An Overview on Modern Drug Delivery Nanotechnology for the Management ofAcne VulgrisAISHWARYA REDDY KARTHICK RAMAN SURESHKUMAR
A Review on Liquisolid Technique in the Preparation of Oral Disintegrating TabletsVISHRATH N PREETHI S SHEETAL MJ
Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
Synthesis and Antifungal assay of Analogs Curcumin Dibenzilyden-N-Methyl-4-Piperidone and Dibenzilyden-4-PiperidoneRITMALENI TESIA AISYAH RAHMANIA PRASHINTA NITA DAMAYANTI ERNAPRAWITA SETYOWATI
The Influence of Leadership on Postpartum Service Coverage When MidwivesCollaborate with NursesADRIANA PALIMBO ANDI UMMU SALMAH RIDWAN AMIRUDDIN AMINUDDINSYAM AHMAD SYAHLANI ANGGRITA SARI DEDE MAHDIYAH
Knowledge and events of young married age in west sulawesi provinceAHMADY IRMA MUSLIMIN ANWAR MALLONGI
Comparison Of Warm Water Compresses And Distractions To Reduction Of PainIn Reumatic PatientsSYAHRIR NURUL FUADY FITRYANIA
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Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
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Henry Girouxs Progressive Educational thought in the Perspective of EducationalPhilosophyNUR KHASANAH FATAH SYUKUR ABDUL WAHIB ACHMAD IRWAN HAMZANIHAVIS ARAVIK
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
Development And Validation Of In-Vitro Dissolution Method For Estimation OfEmtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate And Efavirenz In Tablet Dosage Formby UHPLCNIMIT VASA DRBHAVESH PATEL PARTH PATEL SAGAR SOLANKI
P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
Characterization and Evaluation of combination of Aromatase InhibitorResveratrol and Docetaxel against ER positive cell lines MCF-7 and ER negativecell lines MDAMB231 in Breast CancerPREETI SINGH SHIV KR YADAV SATISH SARDANA UROOJ A KHAN RUPAGUPTA
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Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
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Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
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A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
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Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
Effect of Long Exposure Against Quantity and Quality of DNA in ToothpickSamples as an Alternative for Individual IdentificationBETA NOVIA RIZKY MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA AMIATUN RUTH AHMADYUDIANTO
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Enrichment of Gut Ecosystem by Daily Supplementation of Selective ProbioticStrains and Probiotic Complex in Dysbiosis Condition of AutismKSUNAND GKRISHNA MOHAN VASUDHA BAKSHI
Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
Assessing Patient Satisfaction with Community Pharmacy Services in Yogyakarta
IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
Perception of Stroke Warning Symptoms in At-Risk Patients SOMSAK THOJAMPA SIRIKANOK KLANKHAJHON WUTTICHAI SAHATTECHOORAWAN PAIROJWOOTTIPONG JIRAPA JUNBUA
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Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Nanoemulsion Containing Mixed HerbalExtract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic RatsERINDYAH R WIKANTYASNING NURCAHYANTI WAHYUNINGTYAS SHARIDAFAKURAZI MUHAMMAD DArsquoI
The Effectiveness of Phosphate Solvent Rhizosphere Bacteria in Stimulating theGrowth of Rice PlantsA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI MASNIAWATI A YANI
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Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Film Loaded With Ibuprofen for BuccalDeliveryMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H AFRASIM MOIN SHAILESH T YASHAS M S AMIT BPATIL MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
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TLC Bioautography In Vitro Antiradical and Antioxidant Activities of LeavesExtract of Bauhinia Acuminata Linn (Caesalpiniaceae)SUDIPTA CHAKRABORTY NN BALA SUDIPTA DAS
PCOD Overview A Journey from Ayurveda to AllopathyNAYANA KALE DEEPAL TAANK HARSHADA KADAM GAURI KAPHARE SWATITALELE ANIL JADHAV
In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Cost of Illness Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in IndonesiaYUNITA NITA DIAS PUTRI WARDANASARI DIVA ARIADNE CERELIA FITRINURMALASARI TUTUT DWI CAHYATI ABDUL RAHEM LIZA PRISTIANTYMUFARRIHAH
The effect of learning methods age and vital capacity of the lungs on thelearning outcomes of 50 meter breaststroke swimming skillsSUKIRI RAMDAN PELANA YUSMAWATI OMAN UNJU SUBANDI ABDULKHOLIK EKAFITRI
Identification of Lead Compounds from Plant Secondary Metabolites to TargetNon-Structural Protein (Ns5) of Dengue Virus by Insilico MethodARUNYA M SIMYA R SIVASANKARI M ARUL JAYANTHI A
Detection of Kaposirsquos Associated Herpesvirus in Saliva of Drug RelatedImmunosupressed PatientSHATHA F ABDULLAH SAMARA MOWAFFAQ ALI
Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
Design Development And Evaluation Of Antidiabetc Matrix Tablets Using NaturalAnd Synthetic PolymersHIMABINDU PEDDAPALLI MADHURIKA SIRIGADI MD FAHEEMUDDINRAMKOTESWARA RAO AMARA ANANDA KUMAR CHETTUPALLI
Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Evaluation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing amine fluoride on gingivalstatus - a clinical investigationMUNAZ MULLA MUSHIR MULLA RAJESH KASHYAP SHASHIKANTH HEGDE ARUNKUMAR MAIYA MYTHRI SARPANGALA FAZLUR RAHMAN SAYED
Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
Implementation of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Lung Tuberculosis UsingFuzzy TsukamotoDAHLAN ABDULLAH
Development of urban agglomeration under the influence of driving forcesSHVETS IYU IRINA SHVETS
Effect of Ethanol n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Marsilea crenata PreslLeaves on ERszlig Expressions of Neurons in Estrogen-Deficient Female MiceMANGESTUTIAGIL HENINGLASWATI NENY PURWITASARI RADELLA AULIAADITYARA FRISCHA AYU WIDIASARI
Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
Biological activities of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub flowers on skin carecosmeticsNARIN KAKATUM YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
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Efficcacy of Tagetes erecta Linn leaf extract cream on rat dermal wound healing MAURITIUS LAMBERTUS EDY PARWANTO DAVID TJAHYADI HOSEA JAYA EDY
Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on oral health related quality oflifeTHANISH AHAMEDS ARVINA RAJASEKAR
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Biosimulation studies-based optimization of fungal derived LovastatinRSUPENDRA SANTHARAM S KATTA
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Multi-Machine Learning Binary Classification Feature Selection and ComparisonTechnique for Predicting Death Events Related to Heart DiseaseRITU AGGRAWAL SAURABH PAL
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Vitamin B12 Deficiency in COVID-19 Recovered Patients Case ReportELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Magnesium supplementation for premenstrual syndrome and premenstrualdysphoric disorderELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Management Of Drug Logistics At Pharmacy Installation Dr WahidinSudirohusodo Makassar Hospital GEMY NASTITY HANDAYANY FATHURRAHMI
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Biochemical Markers Of Metabolic Disorders In The Blood Of Patients With JawFractures In The Post-Traumatic Period
BOBAMURATOVA DILNOZA TURDIKULOVNA BOYMURADOV SHUKHRATABDUJALILOVICH ANSHUL JRAI YUSUPOV SHOKHRUKH SHUXRATOVICHNARMUROTOV BAKHTIYAR QARSHIYEVICH IBRAGIMOV DAVRONDASTAMOVICH ABDURAKHMONOV FARKHOD RAKHMONOVICH
Alternative solution for konigsberg bridge problem through the concept ofmatchingRSAMPATH KSRINIVASAN PTHARANIYA PELUMALAI
Domination in different graphsKMYTHILY SKALAIVANI PELUMALAI PTHARANIYA
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The peculiarities of permanent teething in children living in Tashkent city ROZA KAMILOVA JAVLON KAMILOV
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Assessments of HBV in patients with chronic kidney illness ALAA HAMZA JABER AL-JELEHAWY SAIF JABBAR YASIR AHMED KIFAH ABEDAL-WAELI ALI RADIH ABULAMEER SHER ALI
Socio-economic analysis of broiler livestock business in West Lombok districtIndonesiaMUHAMMAD YASIN
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Coronavirus disease (covid-19) outbreak in india DANIEL FRANCIS SELVARAJ BALAKRISHNAN S MANOPAUL P
Analysis of egg consumption in palu and sigi district communitiesKETUT SUARAYASA JULIUS SUGIHARTO SAIRAMA SARAGIH VITA ARISTYANITABERTIN AYU WANDIRA
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Combined With Multivariate Calibration forAnalysing Caffeine Nicotinamide and Pyridoxine In Simulated EnergyDrinks MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO
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New facile technique for estimation of piroxicam in bulk drugKAMAL SHAH GAURAV KRISHNA JEETENDRA KUMAR GUPTA
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Physiological mechanisms for maintaining health in ontogenesisINMEDVEDEV DMPRAVDOV OAKOZLYATNIKOV NMLAPINASVPERSHIKOV VISHARAGIN
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JURAT JBAKHRONOV SHUKHRAT JTESHAEV MUSHARRAF SSHODIEVA
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Prevalence of Depression and Its Determinant Among Diabetic Patients ASystematic Review from Southeast Asia CountriesNOVITA DHEWI IKAKUSUMAWATI SUSI ARI KRISTINA ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
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3D Printing in Pharmaceutics Role of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in DrugDeliveryAHMED MSHKARA MOWAFAQ MGHAREEB
A Prospective study to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling in improvinginhaler device technique in COPD patients using MDI with spacer and MDIETHIRAJAN NANDAGOPAL M SUMITHRA N MEENAKSHI
Comparative In Vitro Anticancer Study Of 4-Thiazolidinone Scaffold BearingThiadiazole Moiety Derived from Phenolic AldehydesNEETU CHOPRA SANDEEP JAIN NAVIDHA AGGARWAL
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Quality by Design Approach For Formulation Optimization of Ethosomal VesicularCarrier of CurcuminVISHAL KAPOOR SHAILESH JAIN
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Problem Focused Coping and Parental Stress in The Autonomy of Oral Self-care for Down Syndrome ChildrenSITI FITRIA ULFAH TRI WAHONO AGUS MARJIANTO
Impact of a pharmacist-led asthma and COPD respiratory clinic in a hospitalsettingELHAM ALSHAMMARI NADA ALSALEH
Scereening Of Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to increaselocal aromatic rice plant growthSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDRABDUL RAHIM SALEH
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Redesign of the Legislative Function of the Regional Representative Councilof the Republic of Indonesia to Strengthen Regional AutonomyZULFAN RETNO SARASWATI SUKIRNO NABITATUS SArsquoADAH
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Gaps In The Publicrsquos Awareness And Protective Practices During PivotalTime Of COVID-19 Pandemic A Survey From IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA MAWARDI IHSAN
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Comparative Study of Entropy Module and Titrated Doses of Propofol ForInduction of AnaesthesiaDRPREETHI DHAMOTHARAN MBBS DRSONAL BHAT DRSHAILA S KAMATH
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Effect of seed priming with polyamines on Barley(Hordeum Vulgare L) WARQAA MUHAMMED SHARIFF AL-SHEIKH
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Descriptive Study of Hemophilia Persons Life and Care in AldiwanyahProvinceIraqABDULAZIZ WANNAS ABD SUZAN SABBAR MUTLAG
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Study the Antibiotics Activity Against Escherichia Coli Isolated from UrineSamples of Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract InfectionEHSAN FHUSSEIN JABBAR AAMEEN SALAH HYASSEN
Serum Hepcidin And Ferritin Level Changes In Iraqi Adult Patients With Non-Transfusion Dependent Beta-Thalassemia Major And IntermediaEHAM AMER ALI ALI ABDULATEAF ALBAYATI SAHAR ABDULWAHAB ALSHABANKHITAM ALI ALTHAMER
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Elderly Population in BasrahGovernorate A Retrospective StudyZAINAB ABDULKAREEM MAKTOOF OULA FOUAD HAMEED SHATHAKHHUSSAIN
Incisional Hernia Different Approaches The Defect Size Is the RefereeADIL SHAKER AL TAMIMI ISRAA ABDUL WAHED DHEEB
Molecular Identification of Fusarium Brachygibbosum And Some Isolates ofTrichoderma SppALI AODEH RAJAA GABDALMOOHSIN AQEEL NAL-ABEDY
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An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)
SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI H MEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
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Prevalence of class I occlusion in mixed dentitionNIVETHA G ARVIND S
Age and gender related distribution of patients undergoing maxillary thirdmolar extractionsSAM JOHN KOSHY MADHULAXMI M SIVAKUMAR M
Knowledge attitude and awareness of platelet rich fibrin among dentalstudents in chennaiABHISHEK NARAM MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW DEEPAK S
Evaluation of the awareness of gingival recession amongst patients whounderwent root coverage treatment - A retrospective studyVUNNAM SRI SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
Assessment of impacted third molars in patients with temporomandibulardisordersJAYA KEERTHANA S SREEDEVI DHARMAN MARAGATHAVALLIG
Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
Prevalence of Patients Seeking Aesthetic Treatment Options inOrthodontics - A Retrospective Study MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL M NAVEEN KUMAR
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Evaluation of Patients Reporting with Burning Sensation and Non-SpecificClinical Findings to Department of Oral MedicineABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Assessment of Effectiveness of Local Anesthesia with And WithoutAdrenaline in Patients with Cardiac DisordersMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARYMANJARI
Anemia as An Etiological Agent for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ARetrospective StudyMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARY MANJARI
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
Association Between Angles Class Ii Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease - ARetrospective StudyKARTHIGA DEVI GANGA MOORTHY JAIGANESH RAMAMURTHY PRADEEPDHASARATHAN
Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment of Dental Management of Mentally Challenged Patients Treatedin Special Care Dentistry in A Hospital Setting- Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Prevalence of White Spot Lesions in Patients Treated with Fixed OrthodonticAppliancesAMINA MEHRIN BANO SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
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Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
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Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
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Effect Of Dietary And Lifestyle Transitions On Functional Immune SystemSARAH MOHAMED R S UPENDRA SHRADDHA BIJALWAN VAISHNAVI BHAGWANBOPTE ABHINASH KUMAR GIRI
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New Polymeric Coii Niii And Cdii Complexes With Tetrazole Schiff-Base LigandsSynthesis Spectral Characterisation And Biological ActivityRIYADH M AHMED BAIDAA K AL-RUBAYE NASRY J HUSSIEN ENAAM I YOUSIFHASAN A HASAN MOHAMAD J AL-JEBOORI
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Baseline Widal Titre Amongst the Healthy Individuals from Western RuralMaharashtraIndia DR RAVINDRA V SHINDE ANJALI R SHINDE DR S T MOHITE DR SANDEEPB SHINDE DR S K PAWAR DR S R PATIL
IoT BASED CPAP MACHINEJPREMKUMAR TSUDHAKAR ABDULLAH S ABHIJIT GOSWAMI EKAVITHA
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Assessment of the Quality of Life and the Level of Depression in Patients withChronic Kidney Disease on Programmed HemodialysisAKSNA M KARDANGUSHEVA LILIYA V ELGAROVA ZARINA A SHUGUSHEVAIRINA H ALMOVA SOFIAT KH SIZHAZHEVA
The Expression of Immunohistochemistry IL-10 And IL-18 On Helminth-InfectedMice Treated With The Extract Of Areca catechu LENDY JULI ANTO AZNAN LELO SYAFRUDDIN ILYAS MARLINE NAINGGOLAN
Evaluation of Basic Plants in The Bank of Healthy Potato Varieties in The NorthernRegion and The High Mountain ZoneOVES EV
An objective assessment of the importance of regions for beekeeping based onmelliferous resources and ambient temperatureVNKULAKOV AGMANNAPOV
Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosaceain Iraqi PatientsSAMER A DHAHER
Construction and Validation of Ayurveda Health Assessment Questionnaire(AHAQ) Based on Characteristics of Health (Arogya Linga) Mentioned by AcharyaKashyapa DR SAURABH AGRAWAL DRSHIVAKUMAR DRMBKAVITHA DRASHA KP
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Film Loaded with IbuprofenNanoparticlesVISHAL B RAWAL AFRASIM MOIN SUBHAM JAIN N AMIT B PATILMEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Orodispersible Tablets ContainsIbuprofen Loaded Microfiber for Better In-Vitro DissolutionSUBHAM JAIN N AFRASIM MOIN VISHAL B RAWAL AMIT B PATIL MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S DV GOWDA
Co-Amorphous Based Supersaturated Urea-Losartan Potassium TransdermalFormulation For HypertensionNANHI NANDINI AFRASIM MOIN ROHINI BHATTACHARYA MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISHBABU P NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Characterization and Formulation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System ofPiroxicamROHINI BHATTACHARYA AFRASIM MOIN NANHI NANDINI MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISH BABU P NITHIN KS D V GOWDA
Identifying gene clusters as signature biomarkers for predictingmethotrexate effectiveness and potential side effects during RheumatoidArthritis therapyANAS KHALEEL AFNAN MEQBEL ROWAN ALEJIELAT YAZAN SBATARSEH ABDALLAH A ELBAKKOUSH BAYAN Y GHANIM CRISTINA IBATARSEH NIDAL A QINNA
Recent Trends on Regulatory Aspects of Nanotechnology in IndianPharmaceutical MarketDAKA NAGARJUNA REDDY DR MAHAVEER SINGH DR BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVADR KONDA RAVI KUMAR
Toxicopathological And Biochemical Impacts Of 2378 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-
Dioxin ( TCDD ) On Liver Of Albino Male RatsANAS AHUMADI SAMER I SABEEH BUSHRA I AL-KAISEI ALI IBRAHIM ALI AL-EZZY
Characterisation Of Encapsulated Beta Vulgaris LinnDry Powder Extract InChitosanSANGGITA AYU IKASARI ANITA SUKMAWATI
The effect of giving wamerose juice for high blood pressure of patientshypertension in PalembangMUZAKAR LISTRIANAH PRATIWI BI AHMAD FUDHOLI
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Identification of foodborne pathogens and antibacterial activity of ethanolicextract of Alangium salviifoliumMOUNICA SURA SREENATH KONANKI SREEYAPUREDDY ANITHA DS RAOJAYASIMHA RAYALU DADDAM
Analytical Method Validation and Determination of Genistein Daidzein andGlycitein in Soybean Milk by RP-HPLC MethodFLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO ABDUL ROHMAN SUWIDJIYOPRAMONO SUDIBYO MARTONO
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Assessment amp comparison of hepatoprotective potential of indigenoustherapeutic flora by using tetrachloromethane encouraged liver toxicity in Albino(Wister strain) rodent model GAURAV KUMAR SHARMA MEENAKSHI DHANAWAT RAHUL LODHA KAMALKUMAR GOYAL JAI KUMAR PARETA
Weapon Against Epilepsy Acorus Calamus Itrsquos PhytochemistryEthnopharmacology And Pharmacological ActionsVIKAS SHARMA CHANDANA MAJEE SHIVANI SAXENA RAJNISH KUMARSALAHUDDIN AVIJIT MAZUMDER
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Effects Antihiperglycemic of Sembung (Blumea balsamifera L) Leaf EthanolExtract on Blood Glucose and Pancreas Histopathology in Hyperglycemic MaleWistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus)SRI WAHJUNI NI WAYAN BOGORIANI HAFSIAH AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Successful treatment of acquired Severe Aplastic Anemia with AutologousCord Blood Transplantation case report and literature reviewGHOLAMREZA BAHOUSH ZAHRA SOHEILIRAD JAVAD BALASI
Quantification of Naproxen Sodium in biological sample by using UPLC-MSMSmethodSUMITHRA M AYSHA JADEERA K A YAMINI R VIJEY AANANDHI M
A Questionnaire Based Study To Assess The Awareness And KnowledgeAbout P Drug Concept And Rational Use Of Medicine Among Third YearMedical StudentsDRVIRENDRA KUSHWAHA DR POOJA AGRAWAL DR PUSHPENDRAPUSHKAR DR MANGESHKUMAR TRIPATHI DR SARITA SINGH
Safe Use of Ocular Nanosuspension GNANASAMPATH MADHAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Oxadiazoles Combined with theNucleus of BenzothiazoleVISHAL KUMAR SATISH KUMAR SHARMA RIZWAN AHMAD
Laparoscopic Two Stage FowlerndashStephens Orchiopexy For High IntraabdominalUndescended TestisDRMARYAM JABBAR GHAZI DRWASEEM AHMAD ELKATIB JASSIM ABDULHASSAN AL MAYALI ALAA JUMAAH MANJI NASRAWI
The effect of Antibacterial Drugs on the Formation Salmonella BiofilmsEKATERINA LENCHENKO VAN KHAI YURY VATNIKOV
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A Prospective Study Of Drug Utilization Pattern Among Paediatrics And AnalysingWho Prescribing Indicators In A South Indian Government District HeadquartersHospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S THIRUPATHY KUMARESAN P KEERTHIYURENIKKA J ARUMUGAVIGNESH M PAUL MCGRATH R
Corn Fiber Gum as a Potential Platform for the Preparation of BioadhesiveFloating Tablets of DomperidoneBHUMIKA MANGLA ANUREKHA JAIN DEEPINDER SINGH MALIK
Antisecretory Effect of Centella Asiatica Leaves Ethanolic Extract againstPyloric Ligation Induced Gastric Ulcers on Rats DADANG IRFAN HUSORI POPI PATILAYA MARIANNE FERA HADELINA
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Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve Analysis Pregabalin Therapy in Patients with CentralPost-Stroke Neuropathic PainBANGUNAWATI RAHAJENG IWAN DWIPRAHASTO ZULLIES IKAWATI TRI MURTIANDAYANI
Cost of illness of hemodialysis in Indonesia A survey from eight hospitalsin IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI HARDIKAADITAMA
Potential of Endophytic Bacteria in Promote Germination of Local Aromatic RiceSeeds in Kamba Central Sulawesi IndonesiaSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDR ABDULRAHIM SALEH RATNAWATI RATNAWATI
Development and Evaluation of Ferulic Acid Loaded Chitosan Gel for WoundHealingFATHIMA SAFA PA SHONA SARA SHAJI NAVAMIMRAJAN NAMBIAR RAKHI RAJUPRATIK ANUPRIYA MAHESH
Sensory Evaluation of Nastar Cookies with Addition of Peanut (Arachis HypogaeaL) and Mung Bean Flour Substitution (Vigna Radiata L) as High Vegetable ProteinSnackPUTU CANDRIASIH WERRY ASLINDA FITRIYANI ADHYANTI BOHARI
Rutin trihydrate loaded liposomal gel formulation and characterizationDIVYANSHI SHARMA SUKIRTI UPADHYAY PRASHANT UPADHYAY
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Euphorbia Milii Flower and Propolis (EMP) combination Tea PreventAtherosclerosis Through Decreasing MMP-8 And Total Cholesterol Level butnot VEGF-szlig in Rat with High Fat Diet (HFD)NI MADE LINAWATI I NYOMAN WANDE I WAYAN RAI WIDARTA INDIRAVIDIARI JUHANNA
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Preliminary Phytochemical And Antioxidantactivity Of Leaf Extract Of MangiferaIndicaGAYATHRI RMENON DR R V GEETHA DR LAKSHMI THANGAVELU
Prevalence of Chickenpox under Ten Years during the Last Five Years in Hilla CityRASHA FADHEL OBAID RANA FADHIL OBAID MOHAMMED MALIH RADHI NADAKHAZAL KADHIM SHATHA KHAZAL KADHIM
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Bone Biomarkers Of Periodontal DiseaseLAKSHMI PRIYA K ANIL KUMAR K RAJA PRIYA JAIDEEP MAHENDRA GEETHAARI SHONALI VIJAYARAJ AMBALAVANAN NAMASIVAYAM
Profile of ethyl esters of virgin coconut oil with enfleurage of cymbopogon nardusleavesNI MADE SUANITI I WAYAN BANDEM ADNYANA MANUNTUN MANURUNG AHMADFUDHOLI
Phylogenetic characterization based on Mitochondrial cox 1 gene analysisantibacterial and antioxidant potential of the red algae Hypnea cornuta extractsHAIAM REHAM G ELKOMY HOSAM SALEH MOHAMED SM ABD EL HAFEZ
The Effect of Giving Rice Bran Milk on Blood Glucose Levels and Body Weight inHyperglycemic Primary School Teachers in Makassar CitySAIFUDDIN SIRAJUDDIN MASNI ABDUL SALAM
Post Covid 19 Re-Define The Dining ExperienceDRNITIN GIRDHARWAL DRRSRINIVASAN DRMRINAL VERMA DRSALABHMEHROTRA
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Development and evaluation of bio nanocomposite films for antifungal activityPRASAD VINAY RAO MEENAKSHI S AFRASIM MOIN NANHI NANDINI AMIT BPATIL SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Implementation of the Criminal Justice System for Persons with DisabilitiesTAUFIK HIDAYAT ACH TAHIR MAHRUS ALI DENI SETYA BAGUS YUHERAWANARIEF HIDAYATULLAH KHAMAINY NYOMAN SERIKAT PUTRA JAYA PUJIYONO
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Vaccination prior to initiation of anti-TNF therapyNADA ALSALEH
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Policy Model for Flood Disaster Management Caused by Land Reclamation in theWaters of Palembang IndonesiaBAMBANG EKO TURISNO I GUSTI AYU GANGGA SANTI DEWI SITI MAHMUDAHAMIEK SOEMARMI
Strategies and Legal Protection for Undocumented Indonesian MigrantWorkersELFIA FARIDA RAHAYU FX ADJI SAMEKTO
Antioxidant Activity Test and PolyphenolLevelsofInstant Tamarillo Juice Powder(SolanumBetaceumCav)Based on Difference Foaming Agents NOVI FAJAR UTAMI
Out-Patient Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices Using WHO Prescribing Indicators VINEELA CHADALAVADA MANOHAR BABU S BALAMURUGAN K
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Development of A Vaccine Against Infectious Rhinotracheitis Parainfluenza-3Viral Diarrhoea And Chlamydia in Bovine CattleVITALY V EVSTIFEEV VALI G GUMEROV ILGIZAR R AKBASHEV GULNARA IKHUSAINOVA ILSYAR G KARIMULLINA AINUR I YARULLIN SVETLANA VIVANOVA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV ALBERT K GALIULLIN DANIL N MINGALEEVANATOLY I TRUBKIN OKSANA V KOCHETOVA
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
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Hand Sanitizer A healthy weapon to fight against COVID -19KAMAL SHAH SUMIT CHHABRA NAGENDRA SINGH CHAUHAN
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A Retrospective Qualitative Study on Pharmacotherapeutic Management ofCoronary Artery Disease Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Discussion onComprehensive Role of Clinical Pharmacist In Clinical PracticeABHARATH KUMAR MSUMASHANKAR
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Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
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Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
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Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
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In Vitro Quantitative Assessment of Viability of Echinococcus granulosusProtoscoleces after Treatment with Ruta graveolens L Methanolic Extract YASEEN TAHA AL QAISI KHALED M KHLEIFAT SAWSAN ATALLAH ORAN
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
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Gene therapy by studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism(rs11886868 amp rs766432) at the BcL11A gene on the severity of beta-thalassemiadisease in the province of AL-NajafHANAN A ABLAA WISAM NAJI ATIYAH AL-MEHANA IBTIHAL KAREEM MAHDITHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN
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Development of Esomeprazole Mucoadhesive Timerx TabletsEBY GEORGE ANJALI K BIJU FATHIMA MEETHIAN LINTA BENNY SUVARNAVARGHESE
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Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
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Some Aspects of Modeling in the Study of COVID-19 DataSYED KHALID MUSTAFA VYACHESLAV LYASHENKO NAMEER AHAMADMOHAMMAD REHAN AJMAL MAYAZ AHMAD
Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
Design and Evaluation of Solid Self-Emulsifying IBUPROFEN Pellets withCommercial Available IBUPROFEN TabletsKALAISELVI R CSAI KISHAN KOWSALYA N AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAHDVGOWDA
Relationship among Scrotal Size Body Weight and Feedstuffs of Bali Cattle BullProductivityABYADUL FITRIYAH MULYOTO PANGESTU SUPRIYONO ABDUL FATTAH
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Core-Shell Nanoparticle Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Hyaluronic Acid asAbsorbable Dressing Based Hydrogel Post-Gingivectomy A ReviewMARTINING SHOFFA PUSPITANINGRUM MOHAMMAD ALI MAKSUM DEVY PUTRIKUSUMAWARDHANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA
An Overview of Buccal Drug Delivery SystemRENU MISHRA DRSUSHMA VERMA
Maternal Factors Affecting the Incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) inIndonesiaMIFTAHUL ARSYI BESRAL
Interrelation of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors as a Predictor of EarlyClinical Prediction of Schizophrenia with Paroxysmal CourseMARK LAZAREVICH AGRANOVSKIY MAHFUZA ALIMOVNA DOLIMOVAABDURAHMON ALISHEROVICH MIRZAEV SHAVKAT KHABIBULLAYEVAISLAMOVABDUVOHID HATAMOVICH KARIMOV
Synthesis Characterization of Diazepine-Bicycles System and Study of their Bio-BehaviorDR NAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI RABAB MAHDI UBAID MAHMOOD
Chalcone-Heterocyclic Derivatives (Synthesis Spectral Identification MicrobialEvaluation)HUTHAM ABD ALI ABD AL HUSSAIN DRNAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI
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A Novel Biometric Recognition System for FingerprintUsing Polar HarmonicTransformANLI SHERINE DRGENO PETER
Henry Girouxs Progressive Educational thought in the Perspective of EducationalPhilosophyNUR KHASANAH FATAH SYUKUR ABDUL WAHIB ACHMAD IRWAN HAMZANIHAVIS ARAVIK
Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal Complications in Twin PregnanciesMARZIEH GHASEMI NARJES NOORI ALIREZA DASHIPOUR ARGHAVANFARAZMAND
Comparison between Water Birth and Land Birth in Terms of Delivery DurationLabor Need to Drug Birthing and Neonatal OutcomesFATEMEH TARA TARANEH ARBABZADE MAHBOUBEH PARACHEH SOODABEHREZAEE MARZIEH GHASEMI HAMEE ASHRAF
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
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Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
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Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
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Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
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DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
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Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
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Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
Biological activities of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub flowers on skin carecosmeticsNARIN KAKATUM YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
Development and Validation of Absorbance Subtraction Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Atorvastatin Calcium and Sildenafil Using UV SpectrophotometerSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation ofAtorvastatin Calcium and SildenafilSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
Study the Incidence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among PregnantWomen in Basrah-IraqISMAAL JMIA ABAS SHEREEN AL-ALI
Stability of Dexamethasone Oral Liquid FormulationsMALATHE A ALSHAWI NAWAR ADDAI MOHAMMED SATTAR MAZIN N MOUSABADER S ALABDULLAH
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
Diagnosis of Rota Virus Infection in Mosul Pediatric Hospitals UsingImmunological and Molecular MethodsJALAL MOHAMMED ZUHDI JALAL ANWAR SALIH SAIHOOD AREEJ SALIHSAIHOOD
Detection of lead in soil and Ziziphusspina-christi in Mosul city northern of IraqIYAD ABID ALMUHSIN AHMED HUSEEIN REYAM NAJI AJMI ESTABRAQMOHAMMED ATI3 HUDA FAROOQ ZAKI
Formulation and Evaluation of BILAYR Floating Tablet of LevetiracetamHAMAD KADHUM MAARIZ WEDAD K ALI FATIMA A TWFEEQ
Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
Cloning of Anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Nanobody Gene bypComb3xss Vector into ER2738 Bacterial SystemRANA SH ISMAIL AWATIF H ISSA ABDULELAH A ALMAYAH MAHMOUD GANJI
Role of Toxoplasmosis in the Elevation of Microrna-22 Levels With AbortionBASHEER ABD NASRALLA
Design a Diagnostic Kit for Molecular Identification of Helicobacter pyloriHANEEN B AL-WAELI DHAFAR N AL-UGAILI ZAINAB SH KHALAF
E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
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Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Scereening Of Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to increaselocal aromatic rice plant growthSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDRABDUL RAHIM SALEH
Thyroid Hormones Profile In Patients with Alopecia Areata A Single Center Study MOHAMMAD SHAHATHA NAYAF AHMED ABDUL-AZIZ AHMED HAYDER SAADAHMED WISAM SUHAIL NAJEM
Redesign of the Legislative Function of the Regional Representative Councilof the Republic of Indonesia to Strengthen Regional AutonomyZULFAN RETNO SARASWATI SUKIRNO NABITATUS SArsquoADAH
Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending as a Breakthrough in the Acquisition of SMECapital in Indonesia ERY AGUS PRIYONO MUHAMAD AZHAR
Spatial Zoning and Community Partnership on the Development of Coastaland Marine Resources in Tourism Spots of Bali and LombokANA SILVIANA MIRA NOVANA ARDANI MAUVAL NOVARAHMAN SATRIA
Ventral dartos flap in second layer of hypospadias prospective studyJIHAD ANAD KHALEF CABU FIBMS
Determination of Fruit Ripeness Formulations and Sterilisation Processes toImprove the Quality of Crude Palm Oil ADI RUSWANTO ARI HANDONO RAMELAN IDA BAGUS BANYURO PARTHADANAR PRASEPTIANGGA
Classification and prediction of patin fish oilrsquos antioxidant activities fromdifferent origins using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometricsANGGITA ROSIANA PUTRI ABDUL ROHMAN SUGENG RIYANTOWIDIASTUTI SETYANINGSIH
Effectiveness of Binahong Leaves (Anredera Cordifolia) And Vitamin E as HerbalAnti-Inflammatory in Rats (Rattus Novergicus) Acute Metritis Based on CD4Levels and T LymphocytesVISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN LISTYA PUTRI HANDAYANI GALUH CHANDRAAGUSTINA YUDIT OKTANELLA DESI WULANSARI
Cinnamon Leaf Extract to Control Anthracnose Disease on Chilli Plants inBali A Novel and New Potential ANAK AGUNG KETUT DARMADI NI LUH SURIANI IDA BAGUS GEDEDARMAYASA IDA BAGUS MADE SUASKARA NI MADE GARI AHMADFUDHOLI
Assessment OF Serum 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA)Reducates and Liver X Receptor As Predictor For Liver DiseasesANTESAR RHEEM OBEAD ANMAR HAMEED BLOH HAIDER RASOL ABBASSALWAHAMI
Gaps In The Publicrsquos Awareness And Protective Practices During PivotalTime Of COVID-19 Pandemic A Survey From IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA MAWARDI IHSAN
The Effects Of Eleutherine Palmifolia On Depression Behavior Mda BdnfSerotonin And Norepinefrin Levels In A Rat Model Of DepressionSHERLY LIMANTARA MASRUROH RAHAYU NOORHAMDANI MOCH ISTIADJIDEDDY SANTOSO
Association of Medication Adherence with Quality of Life and TreatmentSatisfaction Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients ALEENA ANDREW SARA JOSE SUDHA M VENKATESWARAMURTHY NSAMBATH KUMAR R SHANMUGASUNDARAM R
Comparative Study of Entropy Module and Titrated Doses of Propofol ForInduction of AnaesthesiaDRPREETHI DHAMOTHARAN MBBS DRSONAL BHAT DRSHAILA S KAMATH
Identification of Phenolic Compound from Active Subfraction Of BaccaureaRacemosa Pulp by High Resolution Mass SpectrometryLINA PERMATASARI SUGENG RIYANTO ABDUL ROHMAN
Efficacy of Escitalopram versus Desvenlafaxine in Treatment of DepressionA Comparative Study from a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital DR SAIKIRAN PASUPULA DR MOUNICA YEDLAPALLI DR RAJESWARIPASUPULA DR SAKA MEGHANA DR SURESH KUMAR KOTA
Effect of seed priming with polyamines on Barley(Hordeum Vulgare L) WARQAA MUHAMMED SHARIFF AL-SHEIKH
Cinnamaldehydersquos Potential Inhibitory Effect towards Planktonic and Biofilm ofOral BacteriaDIYAH TRI UTAMI SYLVIA UTAMI TUNJUNG PRATIWI TETIANA HANIASTUTITRIANA HERTIANI
Antimicrobial Activity of Oleuropine and Thyme Extracts Against SelectedPathogenic Microorganisms and their Potential Uses as NaturalPreservativesYOUSEF SAHOURY HANI NASEEF MOHAMMAD FARRAJ MOAMMAL QURTLINA EL- KHAIRY
Free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract and compoundsisolated from stems of Etlingera rubroloba AD PoulsenASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
Ocular Complications in Type 1 DiabetesANAHITA ZAKERI HABIB OJAGHI MANOUCHEHR IRANPARVAR ALAMDARIFIROUZ AMANI MONIR SHOAA TELMA ZAHIRIAN MOGHADAM
The Outcome of Partial Arthroplasty for Treatment of Type 1 IntertrochantericFractures in Iraqi Elderly PatientsRAAD JAWAD KADHIM
Laparoscopic and Open Burch Colposuspension For Stress Urinary IncontinenceAdvantages DisadvantagesAHMED ALI OBAID SHIREN ALI AL-HAMZAWI AHMED ABDUL AMEER ALWAN
The Protective Effect of Boswellia Against Carbimazole Incuced Reanl AndHepatic Toxicity on Male RatsAMAL UMRAN MOSA IMAN HUSSEIN NASER BAN HOSHI KHALAF
Synthesis of Some Azetidinone Derivatives Containing Ciprofloxacin MoietyFADHIL DKHALID AYAD SHAMAD RABIHA HSALEH MAHA MSALIH
Development of Oral Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) OfRosuvastatin Calcium Formulation Characterization And In-Vitro Drug ReleaseStudyADNAN BURHAN QADER AHMED ABBAS HUSSEIN
Descriptive Study of Hemophilia Persons Life and Care in AldiwanyahProvinceIraqABDULAZIZ WANNAS ABD SUZAN SABBAR MUTLAG
How Do Hereditary and Parents Influence the Trend of Drug Use in HighSchool Students in Banda Aceh Multiple Logistic RegressionTALAMSYAH HIZIR SOFYAN HERU SANTOSA HAJJUL KAMIL DEWIMARIANTHI
The Influence of Cigarette Smoking in Immunoglobulin-E and Interleukin-33 Levelsin Iraqi SmokersSHEREEN AL-ALI
Study the Antibiotics Activity Against Escherichia Coli Isolated from UrineSamples of Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract InfectionEHSAN FHUSSEIN JABBAR AAMEEN SALAH HYASSEN
Serum Hepcidin And Ferritin Level Changes In Iraqi Adult Patients With Non-Transfusion Dependent Beta-Thalassemia Major And IntermediaEHAM AMER ALI ALI ABDULATEAF ALBAYATI SAHAR ABDULWAHAB ALSHABANKHITAM ALI ALTHAMER
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Elderly Population in BasrahGovernorate A Retrospective StudyZAINAB ABDULKAREEM MAKTOOF OULA FOUAD HAMEED SHATHAKHHUSSAIN
Incisional Hernia Different Approaches The Defect Size Is the RefereeADIL SHAKER AL TAMIMI ISRAA ABDUL WAHED DHEEB
Molecular Identification of Fusarium Brachygibbosum And Some Isolates ofTrichoderma SppALI AODEH RAJAA GABDALMOOHSIN AQEEL NAL-ABEDY
Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in FemaleGenital TractMUSTAFA SALAM ABDULKHALEQ NOAMAN MUTHANA ABDULKADERALMAHDAWY
Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Women in Diyala Governorate by UsingAmsels Criteria and Nugents ScoresZUHAIR HASSAN ALWAN MUTHANNA AL-MAHDAWI SHAYMAA MOHAMMEDALWAN
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)
SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI H MEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Nature of oral cancer progression according to gender evaluation throughmetastasis and recurrence - A Single University StudySINDHU PRIYA KUPPUSAMY SUNDARA MURTHY DRMAHATHINDRSURESH
Prevalence of class I occlusion in mixed dentitionNIVETHA G ARVIND S
Age and gender related distribution of patients undergoing maxillary thirdmolar extractionsSAM JOHN KOSHY MADHULAXMI M SIVAKUMAR M
Knowledge attitude and awareness of platelet rich fibrin among dentalstudents in chennaiABHISHEK NARAM MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW DEEPAK S
Evaluation of the awareness of gingival recession amongst patients whounderwent root coverage treatment - A retrospective studyVUNNAM SRI SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
Assessment of impacted third molars in patients with temporomandibulardisordersJAYA KEERTHANA S SREEDEVI DHARMAN MARAGATHAVALLIG
Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
Prevalence of Patients Seeking Aesthetic Treatment Options inOrthodontics - A Retrospective Study MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL M NAVEEN KUMAR
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Evaluation of Patients Reporting with Burning Sensation and Non-SpecificClinical Findings to Department of Oral MedicineABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Assessment of Effectiveness of Local Anesthesia with And WithoutAdrenaline in Patients with Cardiac DisordersMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARYMANJARI
Anemia as An Etiological Agent for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ARetrospective StudyMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARY MANJARI
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
Association Between Angles Class Ii Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease - ARetrospective StudyKARTHIGA DEVI GANGA MOORTHY JAIGANESH RAMAMURTHY PRADEEPDHASARATHAN
Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment of Dental Management of Mentally Challenged Patients Treatedin Special Care Dentistry in A Hospital Setting- Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Prevalence of White Spot Lesions in Patients Treated with Fixed OrthodonticAppliancesAMINA MEHRIN BANO SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Awareness And Knowledge About Pharmacotherapy Of Angular Cheilitis AmongUg Dental Students In Private Dental College ChennaiVINAYA SWETHAT DRDEEPIKA RAJENDRAN DRKIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
A Retrospective Study On Evaluation Of Patients With Recurrent AphthousStomatitisREVATHIB DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI HMEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
passifloraceae in the treatment of neurasthenia HUYNH TAN HOI
Prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute st- elevation myocardialinfarctionDRATPARDESI DRDILIP PPATIL DRRAHUL PATIL DRMAKARAND BMANE
A study to determine angiographic findings in patients of acute coronarysyndrome at teaching HospitalDRMRSPATIL SHILPA DRMRSPATANGE APARNA DRMRSVASANT DEOKARDRMRSKAPALE RJ DRMRS PUJARI BHUPAL
Effect of iron deficiency anemia on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values innon-diabetesDRDANIEL PJHON DRJABBAR DESAI DRAMIT PORWAL DRMRSKAPALE RJDRUTMANE
A study of microalbuminuria in newly detected hypertensive individuals in tertiarycare centreDRSSKULKARNI DRUTMANE DRPUJARI BHUPAL DRRAHUL SPATIL
Chemometrics-Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Paracetamol and Tramadol in Divided Powder DosageFormDINA CHRISTIN AYUNING PUTRI MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUSDIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds inWistar Albinos ratsFATIMA EL KAMARI HASSAN LAAROUSSI DRISS OUSAAID YASSINE EL ATKIAMAL TAROQ IMANE AOUAM BADIAA LYOUSSI ABDELFATTAH ABDELLAOUI
Study of flavanoid determination of uwi sap extract (Dioscorea alataL)NURFITRIANIA META MAHENDRADATTA AMRAN LAGA ZAINAL
a-Glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of butyrolactone I derivedfrom Aspergillus terreus and evaluation of its acute toxicity RIZNA TRIANA DEWI TENI ERNAWATI HANI MULYANI AKHMAD DARMAWANINDAH DWIATMI DEWIJANTI SOFNA BANJARNAHOR TRI YULIANI MARISSAANGELINA SOFA FAJRIAH ABDI WIRA SEPTAMA
HPMC Polymeric System Structural Contribution in Controlling Drug Release inSustained Drug Delivery SystemAJIT KULKARNI VIPUL DHASADE VIVEK INGALE AMIT KASABE ARCHANAYADAV SANTOSH FATTEPUR NAGARAJA SREEHARSHA EBHAVYA
Drug-Induced Acute PancreatitisANURAG LAVEKAR UMESH MARAPPA SWARALI TADWALKAR VIVEKCHAUDHARI
Comparative Study Of Amino Acids Profile Of Eel Fish (Anguilla Bicolor) In TheYellow Eel And Silver Eel Phase From Lake PosoJAMALUDDIN NURrsquoAENI AGUSTINUS WIDODO WA ODE SITTI MUSNINA
Physical Chemistry Characterization of Gelatin on Eel Fish Bone (Anguillamarmorata Q Gaimard) With Various Concentrations of Solvent Base andExtraction TimeJAMALUDDIN AKHMAD KHUMAIDI RAODHATUL JANNA YONELIAN YUYUNAGUSTINUS WIDODO PITRIANI
Correlation between Serum Bisphenol-A Level Luteinizing Hormone (LH)Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) In a Sample of Iraqi Women withPCOS HANEEN SUBHEE SHAHEED WASSAN ABDUL-KAREEM ABBASS SUZANYOUSIF JASIM
The Rationale For Performing Hybrid Mediastinal Lymph Node DissectionBy Transhiatal Access For Thoracic Esophageal CancerDJAKHANGIR SABIROV BAKHTIYOR MADIYOROV ABDUGAFFAR RASULOVNIZOM ERMATOV ORZIGUL YUSUPOVA
Effect Of Dietary And Lifestyle Transitions On Functional Immune SystemSARAH MOHAMED R S UPENDRA SHRADDHA BIJALWAN VAISHNAVI BHAGWANBOPTE ABHINASH KUMAR GIRI
Title Updates on community pharmacistsrsquo involvement in tuberculosis program inIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity and DPPH radical scavenging Assay ofisolated compound from Etlingera rubroloba (Blume) AD Poulsen stemASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
2d-Qsar Study Of Synthesized Novel Derivatives Of 134-OxadiazolesSOMASHEKHAR M R B KOTNAL S R KARAJAGI
Molecular and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric determination ofFurosemide via complex formation with Chromium ionKHITAM JABER NABHAN ABBAS SHEBEEB HASAN AL-KADUMI JWAN ODAYABDULSATTAR
Direct and Indirect Cost of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia A PrevalenceBased Study with Human Capital ApproachSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds Oil of Agricultural Wastein MalaysiaSHAKINAZ DESA ASAAD ABBAS KHALAF SYARUL NATAQAIN BINTIBAHARUM MUSTAFA MUDHAFAR
Tribulus terrestris Linn Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced By Monosodium-Glutamate An In Vivo EvidenceGOMATHI SWAMINATHAN SRIKANTH JUPUDI SATHISH R ROSHAN NS
Clinical and experimental value of integrated lymphatic therapy in nonspecificulcerative colitisYULDOSHALI EGAMOV AKHTAM RUZIYEV SARVAR KHAIDAROV GULISHAYKHOVA ADILBEK RAJABOV NIZOM ERMATOV
Protective Effects of Antagonism of Interleukin-1 Receptors in 3-nitropropionicAcid Provoked Huntington Disease-Related SymptomsSURBHI GUPTA BHUPESH SHARMA
The Correlation between Serum Iron Level and Transferrin Saturation withReticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent (RET-He) in Routine HemodialysisMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDO LUBIS RIABANDIARA ABDUL HADI MARTAKUSUMAH RULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAHROESLI DEDI RACHMADI
Antileukotriene Drugs in The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in ChildrenMIRRAKHIMOVA MAKTUBA XABIBULLAYEVNA ABDULLAEVA DILOROMTELMANOVNA ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ GAYRATOVNA SAGDULLAYEVA MAFURAABDUKARIMOVNA ABDULLAYEVA MUXLISA MASRUROVNA
Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate Versus Normal Saline in the Prevention ofContrast-Induced Nephropathy among Cardiac Patients A Cohort Study in SaudiArabia SIREEN ABDULRAHIM SHILBAYEH ATHEER MUSAAD BIN HAMEED MAYMOHAMMED ALOWAYEDH RAGHAD ABDULMOHSEN ABAHUSSAIN HAYA ALIMUKHAYLIB HIND KHALID SID AHMED
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effect on Quality of Life among AdolescentPopulation A Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia SIREEN A SHILBAYEH WEDYAN A ALHUSSAIN ALANOUD S ALHIBS NAJLA GALMALKI NOUF A ALMAJHAD SAMAR T NOURI SARAH M ALSALEH
Maximal Matching in Fractal Graphs and Its ApplicationPTHARANIYA GJAYALALITHA
Anticancer properties of hymecromone-derived compounds A reviewNOORA THAMER ABDULAZIZ YASSER FAKRI MUSTAFA
Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of new 15-Benzodiazepine derivatives contain Cyclic imides and Mannich basesMALATH KHALAF RASHEED DIANA ABDALKREEMAL-RIFAIE DHAMER ISMAELMADAB
Componential Description Of Medicated Foams A ReviewHAYDER HUSSEIN ALWAN HANAN JALAL KASSAB
Molecular Study Of The TG Gene Polymorphisms In Patients WithHashimotorsquos Thyroiditis Among Iraqis PopulationBASMAN A NADHIM ABBAS G HAMMED HAYDER O HASHIM NAZAR JMETIB
Comparative genetic study for some species of the family Poaceae using theRAPD molecular indicatorSALWAH HAMZA HUSSEIN AL-HASSNWY RUQAYA MANOON HASAN AL-NOMANI
Quercetin Isolated from Dried Ginkgo Biloba leaves with the PhytochemicalScreeningFARQAD M BAQER BASSAM A HASSAN FADIL MOHSEN HAMED
Therapeutic efficacy of protein compound extractionfromMetapenaeusaffinisagainst glucosamine sulphate-induced nephrotoxicity inmale ratsAMAL KABBAS
Evaluation of HER2-Neu status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situhybridization as a prognostic factor in gastric and gastro-esophageal cancerEAMAN SUUD KHALIFA AYSER HAMEED LATIF
Can IL1szlig and IL10 levels assessment in endometrial secretion predict pregnancyoutcome after ICSI A prospective studyTAIF EIMAD AHMED FADIA J AL-IZZI QAYS AHMED MAHDI
Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and its complexes with some metal ions and Their FluorescenceStudyINAM HASHIM IBRAHIM HASAN A HASAN
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Al-Anbar Governorate Western of IraqIBRAHIM NS AL-KAISSI SAAD M SHUKR MARWA A KUBBA
New Polymeric Coii Niii And Cdii Complexes With Tetrazole Schiff-Base LigandsSynthesis Spectral Characterisation And Biological ActivityRIYADH M AHMED BAIDAA K AL-RUBAYE NASRY J HUSSIEN ENAAM I YOUSIFHASAN A HASAN MOHAMAD J AL-JEBOORI
Evaluation of the Cytocompatibility of Novel Gingival Retraction Pastes based onBoswellia papyrifera
HIBA A SALMAN MANHAL A MAJEED EAMAN A AL-RUBAEE
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
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Incidence and types of thyroid tumour in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditisHUSSAIN TAHER ALBAAJ AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
The gender traits of completed suicide committed in unlike periods of the ferganaZAYNITDIN GIYOSOV ULFIDDINKHON MAKHSUMKHONOV IBROKHIMBAKHRIEV SHOKIR BEKNAZAROV JAKHONGIR BEKNAZAROV
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Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
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Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
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IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 128
also developed by scimago SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS
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International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
COUNTRY
India
SUBJECT AREA ANDCATEGORY
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
PUBLISHER
Advanced ScienticResearch
H-INDEX
13
PUBLICATION TYPE
Journals
ISSN
09752366
COVERAGE
2010-2020
INFORMATION
Homepage
How to publish in thisjournal
infoijpronlinecom
Enter Journal Title ISSN or Publisher Name
Disposable CoverallDisposable Covealls Breathable Fabric Protection in every Detail More Liquid Protection
elbipharmacom OPEN
Universities and researchinstitutions in India
PharmaceuticalSciencePharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics(miscellaneous)
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 228
SCOPE
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (IJPR) is an intentional Journal which is published quarterly in EnglishJournal publishes papers review articles and short communications dealing with drug controlled release systemspharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics pharmacogenomics biopharmaceutics drug and prodrug design pharmaceuticalanalysis drug stability quality control pharmaceutical engineering and materials sciencePharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Technology pharmacognosy natural product research pharmaceutics novel drug delivery pharmaceutical ampmedicinal chemistry computational chemistry and molecular drug design pharmacology pharmaceutical analysis pharmacypractice clinical and hospital pharmacy etc IJPR would take much care in making your article published without much delaywith your kind cooperation IJPR hopes that Researchers Research scholars Academician Industrialists etc would make use ofthis research publications for the development of pharmaceutical science and technology
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Quartiles
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 328
FIND SIMILAR JOURNALS
1Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences and ResearchIND
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2International Journal ofResearch in PharmaceuticalIND
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3Journal of Global PharmaTechnologyIND
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4Biomedical andPharmacology JIND
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SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
larr Show this widget inyour own website
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A
Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
JURAT JBAKHRONOV SHUKHRAT JTESHAEV MUSHARRAF SSHODIEVA
Clinical Course Of Purulent Soft Tissue Diseases On The Background OfDiabetes Mellitus And Diffusive Toxic GoiterBAKODIR BSAFOYEV OBIDMKURBANOV MALOHAT SSHAROPOVA
Evaluating Glycemic Response to Lidocaine with Two DifferentVasoconstrictors in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Tooth ExtractionCrossover Randomized Clinical StudyFERAS SULAIMAN NURALDEEN MAHER AL-KHANATI BASSEL BRAD RUBAJUMAA
Clinical and Angiocalibrometric Changes of Retina Vessels in Patients withIdiopathic RetinovasculitisUSENKO VALENTINA UMETALIEVA MAANA GENTSELMAN DMITRY
Assessment of Erythropoietin Levels and Correlation with Cytokines inPatients with Chronic Heart Failure GADAEV AG TURAKULOVRI QURBONOV AK SABIROV MASAYFULLAYEV MB GADAEVA NA
Nano Sponges for The Enhancement of Topical Sustained Delivery ofTerbinafine HClVISHAL B RAWAL PREETHI S ANANYA K V AMIT B PATIL DV GOWDA
A Novel Validated Gradient Hplc Method For Analysing Axitinib And Their ProcessRelated Impurities By Pda DetectionSHYAMALA DASHOK PSHYAM
Impact of drug information services on patient safety at East Jeddah Hospital inSaudi Arabia a retrospective studyAYED AALKATHEERI YOUSEF MALJOHANI AHMAD AALSHAMRANI MANE ALSALIM NARDEEN BAKHEET AKRAM AALSALMI YAHYA AALZAHRANI
A QbD based study in development optimization and forced degradationbehaviour of Epinastine Hydrochloride in Metered dose inhaler by RP-HPLC BIKASH RANJANJENA SIVA PRASAD PANDA UMASANKAR KULANDAIVELURAJASEKHAR REDDY ALAVALA GSNKOTESWARA RAO SURYAKANTA SWAINDEBASHISHGHOSE DEBI PRASAD PRADHAN
Medical and social problems of the development of congenitalmalformations during a pandemicDILNOZA SHKUDRATOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIMSDAVLATOV
Pathomorphological characteristics of the vaginal mucosa in experimentalnotspecific vaginitis and various methods of treatmentFERUZA SHORIPOVA GULCHEKHRA AIKHTIYAROVA SALIM SDAVLATOV
Legislation Procedures of Forming Regional Regulations and Its Implication onthe Politics of Law in IndonesiaLITA TYESTA ALW AMALIA DIAMANTINA
Effect of Passive Smoking on Low Birth Weight (Lbw) Incidence inIndonesia Analysis of Riskesdas Data In 2018 WULAN SARI RASNA GIRI SEMBIRING BESRAL MILLA HERDAYATI
Study The Antibacterial Activity Of Uwi Sap (Dioscorea AlataL) Extracts FromIndonesia In Damaging Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Cells ANURFITRIANI META MAHENDRADATTA AMRAN LAGA ZAINAL
Prevalence of Depression and Its Determinant Among Diabetic Patients ASystematic Review from Southeast Asia CountriesNOVITA DHEWI IKAKUSUMAWATI SUSI ARI KRISTINA ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Isolation and Characterization of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and ProducingIAA (Indole Acetic Acid) From Rice Rhizosphere from The Soppeng RegencyA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI4AND MASNIAWATI
3D Printing in Pharmaceutics Role of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in DrugDeliveryAHMED MSHKARA MOWAFAQ MGHAREEB
A Prospective study to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling in improvinginhaler device technique in COPD patients using MDI with spacer and MDIETHIRAJAN NANDAGOPAL M SUMITHRA N MEENAKSHI
Comparative In Vitro Anticancer Study Of 4-Thiazolidinone Scaffold BearingThiadiazole Moiety Derived from Phenolic AldehydesNEETU CHOPRA SANDEEP JAIN NAVIDHA AGGARWAL
The Severe Varicella Zoster Infection with Kidney Transplant Patient UsingImmunosuppressantMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RIA BANDIARA RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDOLUBIS ENITA RAKHMAWATI KURNIAATMAJA HENDRA WANA NURrsquoAMINRULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAH ROESLI
Classifications of Eye InjuriesINDIAMINOV SAYIT INDIAMINOVICH DAVRANOVA AZIZA ERKINOVNA
Preparation Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation of Erlotinib Gellan Beads SOUMIYA SUKUMAR SANTHIAGU AROCKIASAMY MANJUSHA CHEMMATTUMOOTHONA
Personalized medicine A Review on scope and its pitfall VEERAPPAN MUTHUSAMY ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Inhibition of Osteoporosis by Endophytes ndash A Computational ApproachDRSDAISYLIN ANBU SUJITHA CHELLAM JAYNTHY
Awareness of breast cancer and Breast Self-Examination among female Pharmacyprofessionals in BengaluruAPOORVA DEVM DRGITHA KISHORE
Quality by Design Approach For Formulation Optimization of Ethosomal VesicularCarrier of CurcuminVISHAL KAPOOR SHAILESH JAIN
Assistance on post market examination and Reporting of problemsassociated with In-vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices under current healthemergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in India SELLA SENTHIL M SRUTHI N ARAVINDHANATHAN VENKATESAN ARUNRADHAKRISHNAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Problem Focused Coping and Parental Stress in The Autonomy of Oral Self-care for Down Syndrome ChildrenSITI FITRIA ULFAH TRI WAHONO AGUS MARJIANTO
Impact of a pharmacist-led asthma and COPD respiratory clinic in a hospitalsettingELHAM ALSHAMMARI NADA ALSALEH
Scereening Of Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to increaselocal aromatic rice plant growthSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDRABDUL RAHIM SALEH
Thyroid Hormones Profile In Patients with Alopecia Areata A Single Center Study MOHAMMAD SHAHATHA NAYAF AHMED ABDUL-AZIZ AHMED HAYDER SAADAHMED WISAM SUHAIL NAJEM
Redesign of the Legislative Function of the Regional Representative Councilof the Republic of Indonesia to Strengthen Regional AutonomyZULFAN RETNO SARASWATI SUKIRNO NABITATUS SArsquoADAH
Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending as a Breakthrough in the Acquisition of SMECapital in Indonesia ERY AGUS PRIYONO MUHAMAD AZHAR
Spatial Zoning and Community Partnership on the Development of Coastaland Marine Resources in Tourism Spots of Bali and LombokANA SILVIANA MIRA NOVANA ARDANI MAUVAL NOVARAHMAN SATRIA
Ventral dartos flap in second layer of hypospadias prospective studyJIHAD ANAD KHALEF CABU FIBMS
Determination of Fruit Ripeness Formulations and Sterilisation Processes toImprove the Quality of Crude Palm Oil ADI RUSWANTO ARI HANDONO RAMELAN IDA BAGUS BANYURO PARTHADANAR PRASEPTIANGGA
Classification and prediction of patin fish oilrsquos antioxidant activities fromdifferent origins using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometricsANGGITA ROSIANA PUTRI ABDUL ROHMAN SUGENG RIYANTOWIDIASTUTI SETYANINGSIH
Effectiveness of Binahong Leaves (Anredera Cordifolia) And Vitamin E as HerbalAnti-Inflammatory in Rats (Rattus Novergicus) Acute Metritis Based on CD4Levels and T LymphocytesVISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN LISTYA PUTRI HANDAYANI GALUH CHANDRAAGUSTINA YUDIT OKTANELLA DESI WULANSARI
Cinnamon Leaf Extract to Control Anthracnose Disease on Chilli Plants inBali A Novel and New Potential ANAK AGUNG KETUT DARMADI NI LUH SURIANI IDA BAGUS GEDEDARMAYASA IDA BAGUS MADE SUASKARA NI MADE GARI AHMADFUDHOLI
Assessment OF Serum 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA)Reducates and Liver X Receptor As Predictor For Liver DiseasesANTESAR RHEEM OBEAD ANMAR HAMEED BLOH HAIDER RASOL ABBASSALWAHAMI
Gaps In The Publicrsquos Awareness And Protective Practices During PivotalTime Of COVID-19 Pandemic A Survey From IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA MAWARDI IHSAN
The Effects Of Eleutherine Palmifolia On Depression Behavior Mda BdnfSerotonin And Norepinefrin Levels In A Rat Model Of DepressionSHERLY LIMANTARA MASRUROH RAHAYU NOORHAMDANI MOCH ISTIADJIDEDDY SANTOSO
Association of Medication Adherence with Quality of Life and TreatmentSatisfaction Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients ALEENA ANDREW SARA JOSE SUDHA M VENKATESWARAMURTHY NSAMBATH KUMAR R SHANMUGASUNDARAM R
Comparative Study of Entropy Module and Titrated Doses of Propofol ForInduction of AnaesthesiaDRPREETHI DHAMOTHARAN MBBS DRSONAL BHAT DRSHAILA S KAMATH
Identification of Phenolic Compound from Active Subfraction Of BaccaureaRacemosa Pulp by High Resolution Mass SpectrometryLINA PERMATASARI SUGENG RIYANTO ABDUL ROHMAN
Efficacy of Escitalopram versus Desvenlafaxine in Treatment of DepressionA Comparative Study from a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital DR SAIKIRAN PASUPULA DR MOUNICA YEDLAPALLI DR RAJESWARIPASUPULA DR SAKA MEGHANA DR SURESH KUMAR KOTA
Effect of seed priming with polyamines on Barley(Hordeum Vulgare L) WARQAA MUHAMMED SHARIFF AL-SHEIKH
Cinnamaldehydersquos Potential Inhibitory Effect towards Planktonic and Biofilm ofOral BacteriaDIYAH TRI UTAMI SYLVIA UTAMI TUNJUNG PRATIWI TETIANA HANIASTUTITRIANA HERTIANI
Antimicrobial Activity of Oleuropine and Thyme Extracts Against SelectedPathogenic Microorganisms and their Potential Uses as NaturalPreservativesYOUSEF SAHOURY HANI NASEEF MOHAMMAD FARRAJ MOAMMAL QURTLINA EL- KHAIRY
Free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract and compoundsisolated from stems of Etlingera rubroloba AD PoulsenASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
Ocular Complications in Type 1 DiabetesANAHITA ZAKERI HABIB OJAGHI MANOUCHEHR IRANPARVAR ALAMDARIFIROUZ AMANI MONIR SHOAA TELMA ZAHIRIAN MOGHADAM
The Outcome of Partial Arthroplasty for Treatment of Type 1 IntertrochantericFractures in Iraqi Elderly PatientsRAAD JAWAD KADHIM
Laparoscopic and Open Burch Colposuspension For Stress Urinary IncontinenceAdvantages DisadvantagesAHMED ALI OBAID SHIREN ALI AL-HAMZAWI AHMED ABDUL AMEER ALWAN
The Protective Effect of Boswellia Against Carbimazole Incuced Reanl AndHepatic Toxicity on Male RatsAMAL UMRAN MOSA IMAN HUSSEIN NASER BAN HOSHI KHALAF
Synthesis of Some Azetidinone Derivatives Containing Ciprofloxacin MoietyFADHIL DKHALID AYAD SHAMAD RABIHA HSALEH MAHA MSALIH
Development of Oral Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) OfRosuvastatin Calcium Formulation Characterization And In-Vitro Drug ReleaseStudyADNAN BURHAN QADER AHMED ABBAS HUSSEIN
Descriptive Study of Hemophilia Persons Life and Care in AldiwanyahProvinceIraqABDULAZIZ WANNAS ABD SUZAN SABBAR MUTLAG
How Do Hereditary and Parents Influence the Trend of Drug Use in HighSchool Students in Banda Aceh Multiple Logistic RegressionTALAMSYAH HIZIR SOFYAN HERU SANTOSA HAJJUL KAMIL DEWIMARIANTHI
The Influence of Cigarette Smoking in Immunoglobulin-E and Interleukin-33 Levelsin Iraqi SmokersSHEREEN AL-ALI
Study the Antibiotics Activity Against Escherichia Coli Isolated from UrineSamples of Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract InfectionEHSAN FHUSSEIN JABBAR AAMEEN SALAH HYASSEN
Serum Hepcidin And Ferritin Level Changes In Iraqi Adult Patients With Non-Transfusion Dependent Beta-Thalassemia Major And IntermediaEHAM AMER ALI ALI ABDULATEAF ALBAYATI SAHAR ABDULWAHAB ALSHABANKHITAM ALI ALTHAMER
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Elderly Population in BasrahGovernorate A Retrospective StudyZAINAB ABDULKAREEM MAKTOOF OULA FOUAD HAMEED SHATHAKHHUSSAIN
Incisional Hernia Different Approaches The Defect Size Is the RefereeADIL SHAKER AL TAMIMI ISRAA ABDUL WAHED DHEEB
Molecular Identification of Fusarium Brachygibbosum And Some Isolates ofTrichoderma SppALI AODEH RAJAA GABDALMOOHSIN AQEEL NAL-ABEDY
Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in FemaleGenital TractMUSTAFA SALAM ABDULKHALEQ NOAMAN MUTHANA ABDULKADERALMAHDAWY
Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Women in Diyala Governorate by UsingAmsels Criteria and Nugents ScoresZUHAIR HASSAN ALWAN MUTHANNA AL-MAHDAWI SHAYMAA MOHAMMEDALWAN
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)
SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI H MEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Nature of oral cancer progression according to gender evaluation throughmetastasis and recurrence - A Single University StudySINDHU PRIYA KUPPUSAMY SUNDARA MURTHY DRMAHATHINDRSURESH
Prevalence of class I occlusion in mixed dentitionNIVETHA G ARVIND S
Age and gender related distribution of patients undergoing maxillary thirdmolar extractionsSAM JOHN KOSHY MADHULAXMI M SIVAKUMAR M
Knowledge attitude and awareness of platelet rich fibrin among dentalstudents in chennaiABHISHEK NARAM MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW DEEPAK S
Evaluation of the awareness of gingival recession amongst patients whounderwent root coverage treatment - A retrospective studyVUNNAM SRI SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
Assessment of impacted third molars in patients with temporomandibulardisordersJAYA KEERTHANA S SREEDEVI DHARMAN MARAGATHAVALLIG
Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
Prevalence of Patients Seeking Aesthetic Treatment Options inOrthodontics - A Retrospective Study MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL M NAVEEN KUMAR
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Evaluation of Patients Reporting with Burning Sensation and Non-SpecificClinical Findings to Department of Oral MedicineABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Assessment of Effectiveness of Local Anesthesia with And WithoutAdrenaline in Patients with Cardiac DisordersMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARYMANJARI
Anemia as An Etiological Agent for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ARetrospective StudyMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARY MANJARI
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
Association Between Angles Class Ii Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease - ARetrospective StudyKARTHIGA DEVI GANGA MOORTHY JAIGANESH RAMAMURTHY PRADEEPDHASARATHAN
Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment of Dental Management of Mentally Challenged Patients Treatedin Special Care Dentistry in A Hospital Setting- Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Prevalence of White Spot Lesions in Patients Treated with Fixed OrthodonticAppliancesAMINA MEHRIN BANO SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
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Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
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Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
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IoT BASED CPAP MACHINEJPREMKUMAR TSUDHAKAR ABDULLAH S ABHIJIT GOSWAMI EKAVITHA
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Assessment of the Quality of Life and the Level of Depression in Patients withChronic Kidney Disease on Programmed HemodialysisAKSNA M KARDANGUSHEVA LILIYA V ELGAROVA ZARINA A SHUGUSHEVAIRINA H ALMOVA SOFIAT KH SIZHAZHEVA
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Evaluation of Basic Plants in The Bank of Healthy Potato Varieties in The NorthernRegion and The High Mountain ZoneOVES EV
An objective assessment of the importance of regions for beekeeping based onmelliferous resources and ambient temperatureVNKULAKOV AGMANNAPOV
Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosaceain Iraqi PatientsSAMER A DHAHER
Construction and Validation of Ayurveda Health Assessment Questionnaire(AHAQ) Based on Characteristics of Health (Arogya Linga) Mentioned by AcharyaKashyapa DR SAURABH AGRAWAL DRSHIVAKUMAR DRMBKAVITHA DRASHA KP
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Film Loaded with IbuprofenNanoparticlesVISHAL B RAWAL AFRASIM MOIN SUBHAM JAIN N AMIT B PATILMEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Orodispersible Tablets ContainsIbuprofen Loaded Microfiber for Better In-Vitro DissolutionSUBHAM JAIN N AFRASIM MOIN VISHAL B RAWAL AMIT B PATIL MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S DV GOWDA
Co-Amorphous Based Supersaturated Urea-Losartan Potassium TransdermalFormulation For HypertensionNANHI NANDINI AFRASIM MOIN ROHINI BHATTACHARYA MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISHBABU P NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
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Recent Trends on Regulatory Aspects of Nanotechnology in IndianPharmaceutical MarketDAKA NAGARJUNA REDDY DR MAHAVEER SINGH DR BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVADR KONDA RAVI KUMAR
Toxicopathological And Biochemical Impacts Of 2378 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-
Dioxin ( TCDD ) On Liver Of Albino Male RatsANAS AHUMADI SAMER I SABEEH BUSHRA I AL-KAISEI ALI IBRAHIM ALI AL-EZZY
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Identification of foodborne pathogens and antibacterial activity of ethanolicextract of Alangium salviifoliumMOUNICA SURA SREENATH KONANKI SREEYAPUREDDY ANITHA DS RAOJAYASIMHA RAYALU DADDAM
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The Successful treatment of acquired Severe Aplastic Anemia with AutologousCord Blood Transplantation case report and literature reviewGHOLAMREZA BAHOUSH ZAHRA SOHEILIRAD JAVAD BALASI
Quantification of Naproxen Sodium in biological sample by using UPLC-MSMSmethodSUMITHRA M AYSHA JADEERA K A YAMINI R VIJEY AANANDHI M
A Questionnaire Based Study To Assess The Awareness And KnowledgeAbout P Drug Concept And Rational Use Of Medicine Among Third YearMedical StudentsDRVIRENDRA KUSHWAHA DR POOJA AGRAWAL DR PUSHPENDRAPUSHKAR DR MANGESHKUMAR TRIPATHI DR SARITA SINGH
Safe Use of Ocular Nanosuspension GNANASAMPATH MADHAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
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Laparoscopic Two Stage FowlerndashStephens Orchiopexy For High IntraabdominalUndescended TestisDRMARYAM JABBAR GHAZI DRWASEEM AHMAD ELKATIB JASSIM ABDULHASSAN AL MAYALI ALAA JUMAAH MANJI NASRAWI
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Corn Fiber Gum as a Potential Platform for the Preparation of BioadhesiveFloating Tablets of DomperidoneBHUMIKA MANGLA ANUREKHA JAIN DEEPINDER SINGH MALIK
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Cost of illness of hemodialysis in Indonesia A survey from eight hospitalsin IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI HARDIKAADITAMA
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Preliminary Phytochemical And Antioxidantactivity Of Leaf Extract Of MangiferaIndicaGAYATHRI RMENON DR R V GEETHA DR LAKSHMI THANGAVELU
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Profile of ethyl esters of virgin coconut oil with enfleurage of cymbopogon nardusleavesNI MADE SUANITI I WAYAN BANDEM ADNYANA MANUNTUN MANURUNG AHMADFUDHOLI
Phylogenetic characterization based on Mitochondrial cox 1 gene analysisantibacterial and antioxidant potential of the red algae Hypnea cornuta extractsHAIAM REHAM G ELKOMY HOSAM SALEH MOHAMED SM ABD EL HAFEZ
The Effect of Giving Rice Bran Milk on Blood Glucose Levels and Body Weight inHyperglycemic Primary School Teachers in Makassar CitySAIFUDDIN SIRAJUDDIN MASNI ABDUL SALAM
Post Covid 19 Re-Define The Dining ExperienceDRNITIN GIRDHARWAL DRRSRINIVASAN DRMRINAL VERMA DRSALABHMEHROTRA
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Development and evaluation of bio nanocomposite films for antifungal activityPRASAD VINAY RAO MEENAKSHI S AFRASIM MOIN NANHI NANDINI AMIT BPATIL SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Implementation of the Criminal Justice System for Persons with DisabilitiesTAUFIK HIDAYAT ACH TAHIR MAHRUS ALI DENI SETYA BAGUS YUHERAWANARIEF HIDAYATULLAH KHAMAINY NYOMAN SERIKAT PUTRA JAYA PUJIYONO
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Vaccination prior to initiation of anti-TNF therapyNADA ALSALEH
The health-improving effect of a complex of daily physical activity on thecardiovascular system in people of the second mature ageSPEVSEEV OEEVSEEVA AVAKSENOV FSCHSALITOVA TYU FEDOROVAMNKOMAROV
Moral Reasoning in the Prevention of Corruption in the Implementation of NotaryLaw in IndonesiaIRFAN IRYADI FX JOKO PRIYONO BUDI SANTOSO
Criminalization of Contempt of Court arrangement in the Draft Criminal CodeSISWADI BARDA NAWAWI ARIEF FX DJOKO PRIYONO
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A prospective screening of anti-inflammatory activity of mono herbal formulationsof curcuma zedoriaMADAN L KAUSHIK JAI PARKASH KADIAN BHUPENDRA CHAUHAN ANIRUDDHDEV SINGH
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Policy Model for Flood Disaster Management Caused by Land Reclamation in theWaters of Palembang IndonesiaBAMBANG EKO TURISNO I GUSTI AYU GANGGA SANTI DEWI SITI MAHMUDAHAMIEK SOEMARMI
Strategies and Legal Protection for Undocumented Indonesian MigrantWorkersELFIA FARIDA RAHAYU FX ADJI SAMEKTO
Antioxidant Activity Test and PolyphenolLevelsofInstant Tamarillo Juice Powder(SolanumBetaceumCav)Based on Difference Foaming Agents NOVI FAJAR UTAMI
Out-Patient Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices Using WHO Prescribing Indicators VINEELA CHADALAVADA MANOHAR BABU S BALAMURUGAN K
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
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Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
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Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
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Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
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A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
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Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
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Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
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A Novel Biometric Recognition System for FingerprintUsing Polar HarmonicTransformANLI SHERINE DRGENO PETER
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
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DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
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Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
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Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
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Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
Development and Validation of Absorbance Subtraction Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Atorvastatin Calcium and Sildenafil Using UV SpectrophotometerSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation ofAtorvastatin Calcium and SildenafilSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
Study the Incidence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among PregnantWomen in Basrah-IraqISMAAL JMIA ABAS SHEREEN AL-ALI
Stability of Dexamethasone Oral Liquid FormulationsMALATHE A ALSHAWI NAWAR ADDAI MOHAMMED SATTAR MAZIN N MOUSABADER S ALABDULLAH
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
Diagnosis of Rota Virus Infection in Mosul Pediatric Hospitals UsingImmunological and Molecular MethodsJALAL MOHAMMED ZUHDI JALAL ANWAR SALIH SAIHOOD AREEJ SALIHSAIHOOD
Detection of lead in soil and Ziziphusspina-christi in Mosul city northern of IraqIYAD ABID ALMUHSIN AHMED HUSEEIN REYAM NAJI AJMI ESTABRAQMOHAMMED ATI3 HUDA FAROOQ ZAKI
Formulation and Evaluation of BILAYR Floating Tablet of LevetiracetamHAMAD KADHUM MAARIZ WEDAD K ALI FATIMA A TWFEEQ
Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
Cloning of Anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Nanobody Gene bypComb3xss Vector into ER2738 Bacterial SystemRANA SH ISMAIL AWATIF H ISSA ABDULELAH A ALMAYAH MAHMOUD GANJI
Role of Toxoplasmosis in the Elevation of Microrna-22 Levels With AbortionBASHEER ABD NASRALLA
Design a Diagnostic Kit for Molecular Identification of Helicobacter pyloriHANEEN B AL-WAELI DHAFAR N AL-UGAILI ZAINAB SH KHALAF
E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
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Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
Assessment of impacted third molars in patients with temporomandibulardisordersJAYA KEERTHANA S SREEDEVI DHARMAN MARAGATHAVALLIG
Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
Prevalence of Patients Seeking Aesthetic Treatment Options inOrthodontics - A Retrospective Study MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL M NAVEEN KUMAR
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Evaluation of Patients Reporting with Burning Sensation and Non-SpecificClinical Findings to Department of Oral MedicineABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Assessment of Effectiveness of Local Anesthesia with And WithoutAdrenaline in Patients with Cardiac DisordersMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARYMANJARI
Anemia as An Etiological Agent for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ARetrospective StudyMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARY MANJARI
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
Association Between Angles Class Ii Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease - ARetrospective StudyKARTHIGA DEVI GANGA MOORTHY JAIGANESH RAMAMURTHY PRADEEPDHASARATHAN
Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment of Dental Management of Mentally Challenged Patients Treatedin Special Care Dentistry in A Hospital Setting- Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Prevalence of White Spot Lesions in Patients Treated with Fixed OrthodonticAppliancesAMINA MEHRIN BANO SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Awareness And Knowledge About Pharmacotherapy Of Angular Cheilitis AmongUg Dental Students In Private Dental College ChennaiVINAYA SWETHAT DRDEEPIKA RAJENDRAN DRKIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
A Retrospective Study On Evaluation Of Patients With Recurrent AphthousStomatitisREVATHIB DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
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Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
passifloraceae in the treatment of neurasthenia HUYNH TAN HOI
Prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute st- elevation myocardialinfarctionDRATPARDESI DRDILIP PPATIL DRRAHUL PATIL DRMAKARAND BMANE
A study to determine angiographic findings in patients of acute coronarysyndrome at teaching HospitalDRMRSPATIL SHILPA DRMRSPATANGE APARNA DRMRSVASANT DEOKARDRMRSKAPALE RJ DRMRS PUJARI BHUPAL
Effect of iron deficiency anemia on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values innon-diabetesDRDANIEL PJHON DRJABBAR DESAI DRAMIT PORWAL DRMRSKAPALE RJDRUTMANE
A study of microalbuminuria in newly detected hypertensive individuals in tertiarycare centreDRSSKULKARNI DRUTMANE DRPUJARI BHUPAL DRRAHUL SPATIL
Chemometrics-Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Paracetamol and Tramadol in Divided Powder DosageFormDINA CHRISTIN AYUNING PUTRI MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUSDIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds inWistar Albinos ratsFATIMA EL KAMARI HASSAN LAAROUSSI DRISS OUSAAID YASSINE EL ATKIAMAL TAROQ IMANE AOUAM BADIAA LYOUSSI ABDELFATTAH ABDELLAOUI
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a-Glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of butyrolactone I derivedfrom Aspergillus terreus and evaluation of its acute toxicity RIZNA TRIANA DEWI TENI ERNAWATI HANI MULYANI AKHMAD DARMAWANINDAH DWIATMI DEWIJANTI SOFNA BANJARNAHOR TRI YULIANI MARISSAANGELINA SOFA FAJRIAH ABDI WIRA SEPTAMA
HPMC Polymeric System Structural Contribution in Controlling Drug Release inSustained Drug Delivery SystemAJIT KULKARNI VIPUL DHASADE VIVEK INGALE AMIT KASABE ARCHANAYADAV SANTOSH FATTEPUR NAGARAJA SREEHARSHA EBHAVYA
Drug-Induced Acute PancreatitisANURAG LAVEKAR UMESH MARAPPA SWARALI TADWALKAR VIVEKCHAUDHARI
Comparative Study Of Amino Acids Profile Of Eel Fish (Anguilla Bicolor) In TheYellow Eel And Silver Eel Phase From Lake PosoJAMALUDDIN NURrsquoAENI AGUSTINUS WIDODO WA ODE SITTI MUSNINA
Physical Chemistry Characterization of Gelatin on Eel Fish Bone (Anguillamarmorata Q Gaimard) With Various Concentrations of Solvent Base andExtraction TimeJAMALUDDIN AKHMAD KHUMAIDI RAODHATUL JANNA YONELIAN YUYUNAGUSTINUS WIDODO PITRIANI
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The Rationale For Performing Hybrid Mediastinal Lymph Node DissectionBy Transhiatal Access For Thoracic Esophageal CancerDJAKHANGIR SABIROV BAKHTIYOR MADIYOROV ABDUGAFFAR RASULOVNIZOM ERMATOV ORZIGUL YUSUPOVA
Effect Of Dietary And Lifestyle Transitions On Functional Immune SystemSARAH MOHAMED R S UPENDRA SHRADDHA BIJALWAN VAISHNAVI BHAGWANBOPTE ABHINASH KUMAR GIRI
Title Updates on community pharmacistsrsquo involvement in tuberculosis program inIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity and DPPH radical scavenging Assay ofisolated compound from Etlingera rubroloba (Blume) AD Poulsen stemASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
2d-Qsar Study Of Synthesized Novel Derivatives Of 134-OxadiazolesSOMASHEKHAR M R B KOTNAL S R KARAJAGI
Molecular and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric determination ofFurosemide via complex formation with Chromium ionKHITAM JABER NABHAN ABBAS SHEBEEB HASAN AL-KADUMI JWAN ODAYABDULSATTAR
Direct and Indirect Cost of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia A PrevalenceBased Study with Human Capital ApproachSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds Oil of Agricultural Wastein MalaysiaSHAKINAZ DESA ASAAD ABBAS KHALAF SYARUL NATAQAIN BINTIBAHARUM MUSTAFA MUDHAFAR
Tribulus terrestris Linn Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced By Monosodium-Glutamate An In Vivo EvidenceGOMATHI SWAMINATHAN SRIKANTH JUPUDI SATHISH R ROSHAN NS
Clinical and experimental value of integrated lymphatic therapy in nonspecificulcerative colitisYULDOSHALI EGAMOV AKHTAM RUZIYEV SARVAR KHAIDAROV GULISHAYKHOVA ADILBEK RAJABOV NIZOM ERMATOV
Protective Effects of Antagonism of Interleukin-1 Receptors in 3-nitropropionicAcid Provoked Huntington Disease-Related SymptomsSURBHI GUPTA BHUPESH SHARMA
The Correlation between Serum Iron Level and Transferrin Saturation withReticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent (RET-He) in Routine HemodialysisMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDO LUBIS RIABANDIARA ABDUL HADI MARTAKUSUMAH RULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAHROESLI DEDI RACHMADI
Antileukotriene Drugs in The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in ChildrenMIRRAKHIMOVA MAKTUBA XABIBULLAYEVNA ABDULLAEVA DILOROMTELMANOVNA ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ GAYRATOVNA SAGDULLAYEVA MAFURAABDUKARIMOVNA ABDULLAYEVA MUXLISA MASRUROVNA
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effect on Quality of Life among AdolescentPopulation A Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia SIREEN A SHILBAYEH WEDYAN A ALHUSSAIN ALANOUD S ALHIBS NAJLA GALMALKI NOUF A ALMAJHAD SAMAR T NOURI SARAH M ALSALEH
Maximal Matching in Fractal Graphs and Its ApplicationPTHARANIYA GJAYALALITHA
Anticancer properties of hymecromone-derived compounds A reviewNOORA THAMER ABDULAZIZ YASSER FAKRI MUSTAFA
Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of new 15-Benzodiazepine derivatives contain Cyclic imides and Mannich basesMALATH KHALAF RASHEED DIANA ABDALKREEMAL-RIFAIE DHAMER ISMAELMADAB
Componential Description Of Medicated Foams A ReviewHAYDER HUSSEIN ALWAN HANAN JALAL KASSAB
Molecular Study Of The TG Gene Polymorphisms In Patients WithHashimotorsquos Thyroiditis Among Iraqis PopulationBASMAN A NADHIM ABBAS G HAMMED HAYDER O HASHIM NAZAR JMETIB
Comparative genetic study for some species of the family Poaceae using theRAPD molecular indicatorSALWAH HAMZA HUSSEIN AL-HASSNWY RUQAYA MANOON HASAN AL-NOMANI
Quercetin Isolated from Dried Ginkgo Biloba leaves with the PhytochemicalScreeningFARQAD M BAQER BASSAM A HASSAN FADIL MOHSEN HAMED
Therapeutic efficacy of protein compound extractionfromMetapenaeusaffinisagainst glucosamine sulphate-induced nephrotoxicity inmale ratsAMAL KABBAS
Evaluation of HER2-Neu status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situhybridization as a prognostic factor in gastric and gastro-esophageal cancerEAMAN SUUD KHALIFA AYSER HAMEED LATIF
Can IL1szlig and IL10 levels assessment in endometrial secretion predict pregnancyoutcome after ICSI A prospective studyTAIF EIMAD AHMED FADIA J AL-IZZI QAYS AHMED MAHDI
Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and its complexes with some metal ions and Their FluorescenceStudyINAM HASHIM IBRAHIM HASAN A HASAN
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Al-Anbar Governorate Western of IraqIBRAHIM NS AL-KAISSI SAAD M SHUKR MARWA A KUBBA
New Polymeric Coii Niii And Cdii Complexes With Tetrazole Schiff-Base LigandsSynthesis Spectral Characterisation And Biological ActivityRIYADH M AHMED BAIDAA K AL-RUBAYE NASRY J HUSSIEN ENAAM I YOUSIFHASAN A HASAN MOHAMAD J AL-JEBOORI
Evaluation of the Cytocompatibility of Novel Gingival Retraction Pastes based onBoswellia papyrifera
HIBA A SALMAN MANHAL A MAJEED EAMAN A AL-RUBAEE
Isolation and genotyping of local Toxoplasma gondii strains in infected chickenABDULRAZZAQ MOHAMMED HAMOOD ALI MOHAMMED ABED
Preparation and characterization of diazepam loaded nanomicelles for pediatricintravenous dose adjustmentMUHANNAD SALAH AL RADHI MOHAMMED SABAR AL-LAMI ENAS ABDULSAHIB
Baseline Widal Titre Amongst the Healthy Individuals from Western RuralMaharashtraIndia DR RAVINDRA V SHINDE ANJALI R SHINDE DR S T MOHITE DR SANDEEPB SHINDE DR S K PAWAR DR S R PATIL
IoT BASED CPAP MACHINEJPREMKUMAR TSUDHAKAR ABDULLAH S ABHIJIT GOSWAMI EKAVITHA
To the Problem of Fungal Pathology in the Hot Climate in Children and AdultsSHAIKHOVA GULI ERMATOV NIZOM ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ ABDULLAEVADILOROM YUSUPOVA ORZIGUL ALLAYEVA MUNIRA
Effect of Tender Coconut Water on Experimental Urolithiasis An In Vitro StudyGAYATRI S SOWNDARYA S KARTHIKEYAN G
Development and Optimization of Multiple-Unit Floating Drug Delivery System ofPregabalin Using Quality by Design (QbD) ApproachMONIKA KHARB YSTANWAR
Dissolution profile comparison of two marketed Favipiravir tabletsSANDEEP KHATALE CHAUDHARI NIKHIL SURESH ANAGHA UPASANINILAM BHUSARE
Development of a Tool to Assess the Safe and Quality Use of ImmunizationJUNY SEBASTIAN GURUMURTHY PARTHASARATHI MANDYAM DHATI RAVI
Effectiveness of Olive Oil Massage on Post Caesarean Pain and Quality of Sleepamong Primigravida MothersPRIYADARSINIA REVATHIPG
Assessment of the Quality of Life and the Level of Depression in Patients withChronic Kidney Disease on Programmed HemodialysisAKSNA M KARDANGUSHEVA LILIYA V ELGAROVA ZARINA A SHUGUSHEVAIRINA H ALMOVA SOFIAT KH SIZHAZHEVA
The Expression of Immunohistochemistry IL-10 And IL-18 On Helminth-InfectedMice Treated With The Extract Of Areca catechu LENDY JULI ANTO AZNAN LELO SYAFRUDDIN ILYAS MARLINE NAINGGOLAN
Evaluation of Basic Plants in The Bank of Healthy Potato Varieties in The NorthernRegion and The High Mountain ZoneOVES EV
An objective assessment of the importance of regions for beekeeping based onmelliferous resources and ambient temperatureVNKULAKOV AGMANNAPOV
Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosaceain Iraqi PatientsSAMER A DHAHER
Construction and Validation of Ayurveda Health Assessment Questionnaire(AHAQ) Based on Characteristics of Health (Arogya Linga) Mentioned by AcharyaKashyapa DR SAURABH AGRAWAL DRSHIVAKUMAR DRMBKAVITHA DRASHA KP
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Film Loaded with IbuprofenNanoparticlesVISHAL B RAWAL AFRASIM MOIN SUBHAM JAIN N AMIT B PATILMEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Orodispersible Tablets ContainsIbuprofen Loaded Microfiber for Better In-Vitro DissolutionSUBHAM JAIN N AFRASIM MOIN VISHAL B RAWAL AMIT B PATIL MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S DV GOWDA
Co-Amorphous Based Supersaturated Urea-Losartan Potassium TransdermalFormulation For HypertensionNANHI NANDINI AFRASIM MOIN ROHINI BHATTACHARYA MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISHBABU P NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Characterization and Formulation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System ofPiroxicamROHINI BHATTACHARYA AFRASIM MOIN NANHI NANDINI MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISH BABU P NITHIN KS D V GOWDA
Identifying gene clusters as signature biomarkers for predictingmethotrexate effectiveness and potential side effects during RheumatoidArthritis therapyANAS KHALEEL AFNAN MEQBEL ROWAN ALEJIELAT YAZAN SBATARSEH ABDALLAH A ELBAKKOUSH BAYAN Y GHANIM CRISTINA IBATARSEH NIDAL A QINNA
Recent Trends on Regulatory Aspects of Nanotechnology in IndianPharmaceutical MarketDAKA NAGARJUNA REDDY DR MAHAVEER SINGH DR BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVADR KONDA RAVI KUMAR
Toxicopathological And Biochemical Impacts Of 2378 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-
Dioxin ( TCDD ) On Liver Of Albino Male RatsANAS AHUMADI SAMER I SABEEH BUSHRA I AL-KAISEI ALI IBRAHIM ALI AL-EZZY
Characterisation Of Encapsulated Beta Vulgaris LinnDry Powder Extract InChitosanSANGGITA AYU IKASARI ANITA SUKMAWATI
The effect of giving wamerose juice for high blood pressure of patientshypertension in PalembangMUZAKAR LISTRIANAH PRATIWI BI AHMAD FUDHOLI
Antimalarial Properties of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subspHygroscopicus Secondary Metabolite Active Fractions In Silico and In VivoAnalysisLOEKI E FITRI AJENG M PUTRI NABILA E ERWAN FITRIA F PUTRI RIVO YB NUGRAHA TEGUH W SARDJONO KANA MARDHIYYAH DIO G ARIELICHA F D FARATISHA SUCIATI BACHTIAR R P IHSAN SRI WINARSIH
Identification of foodborne pathogens and antibacterial activity of ethanolicextract of Alangium salviifoliumMOUNICA SURA SREENATH KONANKI SREEYAPUREDDY ANITHA DS RAOJAYASIMHA RAYALU DADDAM
Analytical Method Validation and Determination of Genistein Daidzein andGlycitein in Soybean Milk by RP-HPLC MethodFLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO ABDUL ROHMAN SUWIDJIYOPRAMONO SUDIBYO MARTONO
Therapeutic effect of Valproic acid in conjunction with physical rehabilitation inthe treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type II TAMER EMAM ELNEGAMY HISHAM MEGAHED SAFY ELDIN M ABO ALI HANANH BATTESHA MARIAN M SHAFE
Assessment amp comparison of hepatoprotective potential of indigenoustherapeutic flora by using tetrachloromethane encouraged liver toxicity in Albino(Wister strain) rodent model GAURAV KUMAR SHARMA MEENAKSHI DHANAWAT RAHUL LODHA KAMALKUMAR GOYAL JAI KUMAR PARETA
Weapon Against Epilepsy Acorus Calamus Itrsquos PhytochemistryEthnopharmacology And Pharmacological ActionsVIKAS SHARMA CHANDANA MAJEE SHIVANI SAXENA RAJNISH KUMARSALAHUDDIN AVIJIT MAZUMDER
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of A compound Produced by AnEndophytic Fungus Isolated from The Leaves of Coleus amboinicus LourPUJI ASTUTI ROLLANDO ROLLANDO DWI KOKO PRATOKO SUBAGUSWAHYUONO ARIEF NURROCHMAD
Effects Antihiperglycemic of Sembung (Blumea balsamifera L) Leaf EthanolExtract on Blood Glucose and Pancreas Histopathology in Hyperglycemic MaleWistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus)SRI WAHJUNI NI WAYAN BOGORIANI HAFSIAH AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Successful treatment of acquired Severe Aplastic Anemia with AutologousCord Blood Transplantation case report and literature reviewGHOLAMREZA BAHOUSH ZAHRA SOHEILIRAD JAVAD BALASI
Quantification of Naproxen Sodium in biological sample by using UPLC-MSMSmethodSUMITHRA M AYSHA JADEERA K A YAMINI R VIJEY AANANDHI M
A Questionnaire Based Study To Assess The Awareness And KnowledgeAbout P Drug Concept And Rational Use Of Medicine Among Third YearMedical StudentsDRVIRENDRA KUSHWAHA DR POOJA AGRAWAL DR PUSHPENDRAPUSHKAR DR MANGESHKUMAR TRIPATHI DR SARITA SINGH
Safe Use of Ocular Nanosuspension GNANASAMPATH MADHAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Oxadiazoles Combined with theNucleus of BenzothiazoleVISHAL KUMAR SATISH KUMAR SHARMA RIZWAN AHMAD
Laparoscopic Two Stage FowlerndashStephens Orchiopexy For High IntraabdominalUndescended TestisDRMARYAM JABBAR GHAZI DRWASEEM AHMAD ELKATIB JASSIM ABDULHASSAN AL MAYALI ALAA JUMAAH MANJI NASRAWI
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Antioxidant Activity Test and PolyphenolLevelsofInstant Tamarillo Juice Powder(SolanumBetaceumCav)Based on Difference Foaming Agents NOVI FAJAR UTAMI
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
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The Use of Sorbents for Intoxication of Chickens with ImidaclopridVLADISLAV I EGOROV DAMIR V ALEYEV ANDREY V MALANEV KADRIA FKHALIKOVA GULNARA G GALYAUTDINOVA GUZALIYA R YAMALOVA ANNA MTREMASOVA ILNUR R KADIKOV ALEXANDER M SAIFUTDINOV EDUARD ISEMENOV EDUARD A SHURALEV SERGEY YU SMOLENTSEV
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Caries severity dental knowledge and behavior among a group of childrenattending Preventive Clinic College of Dentistry University of BasrahSARAH W AL-ABBASI ADIL G FADIL ALAA H ABED
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Hand Sanitizer A healthy weapon to fight against COVID -19KAMAL SHAH SUMIT CHHABRA NAGENDRA SINGH CHAUHAN
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Cost of illness of hypertension from the perspective of patients using a patient-based survey in several primary healthcare centers and a hospital in YogyakartaIndonesiaDWI ENDARTI ANNA WAHYUNI WIDAYANTI GITA WANDANSARI SHERLYNOVENTI
Potential Immunomodulator Fraction Fruit Of Etlingera rubroloba AD PoulsenAgainst Macrophage Phagocytosis And Interleukin-12 Levels In BCG-StimulatedBalbC Mice MUHAMMAD ILYAS Y AJENG DIANTINI ELI HALIMAH RIEZKI AMALIAMOHAMMAD GHOZALI EUIS JULAEHA
Synthesis of 3-(1H-azole-1-yl)propane-12-diols and their use in the synthesis ofbiologically active 22-disubstituted 4-(azole-1-ylmethyl)-13-dioxolanesVSTALISMANOV SV POPKOV G KARMANOVA SSZYKOVA MVSHUSTOV
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Synthesis Molecular Docking and Evaluation of Library of 3-Mercapto-1 2 4-Triazole Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents SWARNAGOWRI NAYAK SUSHRUTA S HAKKIMANE SWAPNA B NITINKUMAR SSHETTY SANTOSH L GAONKAR
Comparative Study of Genomic and Pathogenic Characteristics of the HumanCoronavirusesDHANALAKSHMIG ANADI UZMA FARHEEN
SARS-CoV-2 TRAUMA HANDLING AND HAZARD RESCUE THROUGH MACHINELEARNINGBALAKRISHNAN S MSYED SHAHUL HAMEED SHAMEER MOHAMMED SHIMAZKHAN SHAIK ASWIN G
A Retrospective Qualitative Study on Pharmacotherapeutic Management ofCoronary Artery Disease Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Discussion onComprehensive Role of Clinical Pharmacist In Clinical PracticeABHARATH KUMAR MSUMASHANKAR
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Estimation of Total Phenolic Total Flavonoid Content and Assessment of in vitroAntioxidant Activity of Extracts of plant Maytenus emarginata stembarkUMESH PRABHAKAR JOSHI RAJENDRA DAYARAM WAGH
Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
Metal complexes with heteroscorpionate ligand founded on the pyridinaminegroup cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor antimicrobial antioxidant and in vitrocytotoxicity notional studiesAESHAH MUHANA MOHAMMED REHAB KADHEM RAHEM AL-SHEMARY
Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
Complexes of Co(II) Cu(II) Ni(II) Pt(II) And Pd(II) with N3O-Chelating LigandIncorporating Azo and Schiff Base Moieties Synthesis SpectroscopicThermal Decomposition Theoretical Studies and thermodynamicparameters HIYAM HADI ALKAM WASAN MOHAMMED ALWAN REHAB KADHIMRAHEEM ALSHEMARY
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
Assessment Of Drug Compliance And Targeted Pharmacist Intervention In AcuteIschemic Stroke PatientVARSHITHA NAKKA SUREKHA PUSAPATI AJAY MANUKONDA DR SKUMARAVELU VARA PRASAD SAKA
Intermittent dosing of isotretinoinNADA ALSALEH ELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Larvicidal activity of isolated fatty acids from Senegalia rugata podsMOUNICA PONUGOTI SIVA PRASAD PANDAC UMASANKARKULANDAIVELU D GSN KOTESWARA RAOE RAJASEKHAR REDDYALAVALA F CHAKRAVARTHI GUNTUPALIG DSNBK PRASANTHH
Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk) A Rich Extract Loaded Floating MicroballoonsAdvance Therapy to Treat and Manage Gastric UlcerRANJITHA M UMA NITHYASHREE RS SHOUVIK KUMAR D SASIPRIYA SVSTANMOY GHOSH KAMATCHI SUNDARA SARAVANAN MOHAMMAD AZAMTHULLA
Effervescent Tablet Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Gong-GongShell Waste (Strombus turturella) SUCI FITRIANI SAMMULIA HASYRUL HAMZAH CHAERUL FADLYMOCHTAR AMELINDA OKTAVIANI
Development And Evaluation Of Solid-Lipid Nanoparti-cles Loaded WithGemcitabine For Delivery Through Pulmonary RouteRACHNA M KUMAR AFRASIM MOIN MERRYL DSILVA SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
Design And Development Of Gemcitabine Nanoemulsion For Pulmonary DeliveryMERRYL DrsquoSILVA AFRASIM MOIN RACHNAM KUMAR SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
Association of additive risk of INC I gene with the presence of Diabetes Type 1 andType 2AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Evaluating The Implementation Of The Quality Assurance Agencys Work ProgramAt STAI MU TanjungpinangRUDI HARTONO SYAMSUL BAHRI MAEMUNAH SArsquoDIYAH ENDIN MUJAHIDIN
Evaluation Of Implementation Of Village Middle Education And Training ProgramsIn Batam Health Training Centers (Bapelkes) In Batam City Province Of RiauIslandsENDIN MUJAHIDIN ASMALI RUDI HARTONO
Incidence and types of thyroid tumour in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditisHUSSAIN TAHER ALBAAJ AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
The gender traits of completed suicide committed in unlike periods of the ferganaZAYNITDIN GIYOSOV ULFIDDINKHON MAKHSUMKHONOV IBROKHIMBAKHRIEV SHOKIR BEKNAZAROV JAKHONGIR BEKNAZAROV
The Effect of Giving Yellow Pumkin Seed (C Moschata d) Biscuits on Hemoglobin(Hb) Levels and Zinc (Zn) Status pf Pregnant Women with Chronic EnergyDeficiency in Bone District South SulawesiNGURAH SUKARYA AMINUDDIN SYAM MASNI ABDUL SALAM BURHANUDDINBAHAR SYAMSIAR S RUSSENG
Make-Up Effects Psychological and Sociological PerspectiveALI AL-SAMYDAI MAHA NABU HAJLEH MUSTAFA AKRAM OTHMAN DANAMARIE ENAS ALTATAR HANEEN TAHER RUBA HAMDAN RUAA ALHARAIRYRUDAINA OTHMAN YOUSIF MAHMOOD AL-SAMYDAI
Common side impacts of antibacterial drugs within the treatment of bacterialdiseaseMAVLYANOVA NOZIMA MAMATOVA NODIRA GZAMOVA NAZIFA MUXITDINOVAMAVJUDA SHEROVA ZEBO BURANOVA DILFUZA MUXAMMADJANOVA MADINA
The Effectiveness of Walnuts Extract and Metformin on Blood Sugar LevelReduction in Hyperglycemic Induced Alloxan RatsNURHAEDAR JAFAR NURSYAFITRI RAMADANI NURPUDJI A TASLIM HEALTHYHIDAYANTY AMINUDDIN SYAM YAHYA THAMRIN
Determinants of Medication of Hypertension Patients in Urban and Rural Areas ofSouth SulawesiHASLINDAH IDA LEIDA M THAHA HEALTHY HIDAYANTY WAHIDUDDIN ANDIZULKIFLI DARMAWANSYAH
Resolution of Disputes on Illegal Acts by the Authorities in IndonesiaKARTIKA WIDYA UTAMA YUDHITIYA DYAH SUKMADEWI YOS JOHAN UTAMAIRMA CAHYANINGTYAS
Quality by design (QbD) approach for Design and Development ofVortioxetine hydrobromide Multi-dose nasal spray solution for effectivetreatment of depression In-vitro and In-vivo evaluationPRAFUL MGIRADKAR DEEPA HPATEL
Peculiarities Of The Course Of Hypertonic Disease In Residents Living NearUranium MinesAZIMOVA SB BOZORALIEV SHB TALIPOVA NK RAKHMATULLAEV EA
Prevalence of Leishmaniasis (Cutaneous and Visceral) in Basrah Provincebetween 2013 and 2018MANAL ISMAEL KHALEEL
Cytotoxic effect of avocado (Persea americana) seed extract containing quercetinin T47D cells by inducing apoptotic pathway in vitro and in silicoNI PUTU LINDA LAKSMIANI NI NYOMAN SAVITRI MEGA ARWANAWATI PUTU CIAINTANIA WARNAYA ANAK AGUNG GEDE RAI YADNYA PUTRA
The Employment of FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics to IdentifyUnallowed Synthetic Drugs in Herbal ProductDHARMASTUTI CAHYA FATMARAHMI RATNA ASMAH SUSIDARTI RESPATI TRISWASONO ABDUL ROHMAN
COVID-19 Triggers The Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis A Case Report ofUncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes MellitusSULTAN M ALSHAHRANI NAJIM Z ALSHAHRANI KHALED M ALAKHALI
In vivo antigenotoxic potential of sesame oil against cyclophosphamide inducedgenotoxicity and oxidative stress in micePANKAJ TRIPATHI ABDUL AZIZ HAKAMI ABDULRAHAMAN AWAGI ABDULLAHALTAMAR ABDULMAJEED MOHAMMED JALI ABDUL HAKEEM SIDDIQUI
Effect of empowerment of cadres for dental and oral health before and duringpregnancy (Study at Gunung Anyar Sub-district Surabaya Indonesia in 2020)IDA CHAIRANNA MAHIRAWATIE RATIH LARASATI
Evaluation of Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Sansevieria Trifasciata P onAlopecia Androgenic Rabbit MaleHENNY KASMAWATI RESMI MUSTARICHIE ELI HALIMAH RUSLIN
A New Approach for Bioavailability Enhancement of Cefpodoxime as EntericCoated Sustained Release BeadsCSAI KISHAN AFRASIM MOIN P K KULKARNI KALAISELVI R MEENAKSHI SSHARADHA M SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Comparison Of Gas Manreg Simulated Low Flow Anaesthesia With Real-Time UsingSevoflurane - Air Oxygen MixtureDRRAVISHANKARM DRBALASUBRAMANIAN ANUSHA DR VR HEMANTHKUMAR DRSPARTHASARATHY
Design and invitro evaluation of olmesartan medoxomil floating tabletsSACHIN B AGLAWE AMOL U GAYKE RAVINDRA S DUKARE RAHUL ASOMWANSHI SATYAM D JAIN VINOD V ANUSE
Cross-sectional study of the association between polycystic ovarysyndrome and uterine septum anomaliesADNAN AH ALBDAIRI MOHEND AN AL-SHALAH
Improvement of endogenous prevention of dental caries in children in organizedchildrens groupsABDUAZIMOVA LA DINIKULOV ZHA ZAKIRKHANOVA SHA ABBASOVA DBKUCHKAROVA MK MAKHKAMOVA FT
Regulating The Fibroblast Growth Into Critical Size Mandibular Bone Defectvia Demineralized Dentin Material Membrane ImplantationPRATIWI SOESILAWATI AGNES PARAMITHA NASTITI MUHAMMAD ALWINOBAYU FIRDAUZY YULIATI YULIATI NOOR HAYATY ABU KASIM
NEFL gene Expression Analysis in a sample of Iraqi Multiple Sclerosis PatientsHASSAN LAFTA ATIYAH ASMAA MOHAMMED SAUD NAWFAL MADHI SHEAHEED
Ex vivo In-vitro and In-silico Neuroprotective Activity of Selected TraditionalMedicinal Plants- A Reverse Pharmacological ApproachYMEGHANA SRIKANTH JEYABALAN
Evaluation of Antiplaque and Antigingivitis Effects of A Herbal MouthwashTHANISH AHAMEDS ARVINA RAJASEKAR
University Studentsrsquo Knowledge on Antibiotic Use in Yogyakarta A Cross-Sectional SurveySUSI ARI KRISTINA SHINTA DIVA EKANANDA MAWARDI IHSAN
Study of Effect of Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil massage on Weight Gain inPreterm NeonatesDR NANDIMALLA VINAY KUMAR DRGGAUTHAM DRSRI SUSHMITHA GOLIDRARCHANA S DRPRATIBHAR DRPRATIBHARK DRVENKAT PK
Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
Bioecological traits of the plant indigofera tinctoria l Under introductionconditionsGULKHAYO TURABOEVA ANARJAN MATKARIMOVA AKMAL TURABOEVTURDIYEVA ODINAKHON
Rotavirus vaccination Knowledge and acceptance among mothers in YogyakartaIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA HARDIKA ADITAMA
Metal Complexes of a Novel Schiff Base Based on Cephalexin depictionMolecular Modeling and Biological Efficacy StudyABDUL SALAM ABDUL KAREEM ABDUL RAHMAN REHAB KADHIM RAHEEMALSHEMARY
In Vitro Quantitative Assessment of Viability of Echinococcus granulosusProtoscoleces after Treatment with Ruta graveolens L Methanolic Extract YASEEN TAHA AL QAISI KHALED M KHLEIFAT SAWSAN ATALLAH ORAN
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
Effect of the polymeric matrix on the physicochemical properties of the Diclofenacsodium loaded fibers in Orodispersible TabletsSURABHI C AFRASIM MOIN GIRISH S H MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAHPREETHI S NITHIN K S DVGOWDA
Gene therapy by studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism(rs11886868 amp rs766432) at the BcL11A gene on the severity of beta-thalassemiadisease in the province of AL-NajafHANAN A ABLAA WISAM NAJI ATIYAH AL-MEHANA IBTIHAL KAREEM MAHDITHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN
Multidose studies in rabbits for determining pharmacokinetic andpharmacodynamic interactions of gliclazide with nutraceuticalROJA RANI BUDHA SANTHRANI THAAKUR GSN KOTESWARA RAOLAVANYA YAIDIKAR RAVI MANNE SV SAI KUMAR SKNASEEB BASHA
The consequences of the pharmaceutical management method according to thetype of hospital facilitySAMIHA BENZEKRI AMINE CHEIKH MOHAMMED ADNANE EL WARTITI AHMEDBENNANA
Development of Esomeprazole Mucoadhesive Timerx TabletsEBY GEORGE ANJALI K BIJU FATHIMA MEETHIAN LINTA BENNY SUVARNAVARGHESE
An Overview on Modern Drug Delivery Nanotechnology for the Management ofAcne VulgrisAISHWARYA REDDY KARTHICK RAMAN SURESHKUMAR
A Review on Liquisolid Technique in the Preparation of Oral Disintegrating TabletsVISHRATH N PREETHI S SHEETAL MJ
Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
Synthesis and Antifungal assay of Analogs Curcumin Dibenzilyden-N-Methyl-4-Piperidone and Dibenzilyden-4-PiperidoneRITMALENI TESIA AISYAH RAHMANIA PRASHINTA NITA DAMAYANTI ERNAPRAWITA SETYOWATI
The Influence of Leadership on Postpartum Service Coverage When MidwivesCollaborate with NursesADRIANA PALIMBO ANDI UMMU SALMAH RIDWAN AMIRUDDIN AMINUDDINSYAM AHMAD SYAHLANI ANGGRITA SARI DEDE MAHDIYAH
Knowledge and events of young married age in west sulawesi provinceAHMADY IRMA MUSLIMIN ANWAR MALLONGI
Comparison Of Warm Water Compresses And Distractions To Reduction Of PainIn Reumatic PatientsSYAHRIR NURUL FUADY FITRYANIA
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Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
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Henry Girouxs Progressive Educational thought in the Perspective of EducationalPhilosophyNUR KHASANAH FATAH SYUKUR ABDUL WAHIB ACHMAD IRWAN HAMZANIHAVIS ARAVIK
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
Development And Validation Of In-Vitro Dissolution Method For Estimation OfEmtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate And Efavirenz In Tablet Dosage Formby UHPLCNIMIT VASA DRBHAVESH PATEL PARTH PATEL SAGAR SOLANKI
P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
Characterization and Evaluation of combination of Aromatase InhibitorResveratrol and Docetaxel against ER positive cell lines MCF-7 and ER negativecell lines MDAMB231 in Breast CancerPREETI SINGH SHIV KR YADAV SATISH SARDANA UROOJ A KHAN RUPAGUPTA
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Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
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Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
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A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
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Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
Effect of Long Exposure Against Quantity and Quality of DNA in ToothpickSamples as an Alternative for Individual IdentificationBETA NOVIA RIZKY MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA AMIATUN RUTH AHMADYUDIANTO
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Enrichment of Gut Ecosystem by Daily Supplementation of Selective ProbioticStrains and Probiotic Complex in Dysbiosis Condition of AutismKSUNAND GKRISHNA MOHAN VASUDHA BAKSHI
Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
Assessing Patient Satisfaction with Community Pharmacy Services in Yogyakarta
IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
Perception of Stroke Warning Symptoms in At-Risk Patients SOMSAK THOJAMPA SIRIKANOK KLANKHAJHON WUTTICHAI SAHATTECHOORAWAN PAIROJWOOTTIPONG JIRAPA JUNBUA
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Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Nanoemulsion Containing Mixed HerbalExtract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic RatsERINDYAH R WIKANTYASNING NURCAHYANTI WAHYUNINGTYAS SHARIDAFAKURAZI MUHAMMAD DArsquoI
The Effectiveness of Phosphate Solvent Rhizosphere Bacteria in Stimulating theGrowth of Rice PlantsA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI MASNIAWATI A YANI
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Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Film Loaded With Ibuprofen for BuccalDeliveryMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H AFRASIM MOIN SHAILESH T YASHAS M S AMIT BPATIL MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
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TLC Bioautography In Vitro Antiradical and Antioxidant Activities of LeavesExtract of Bauhinia Acuminata Linn (Caesalpiniaceae)SUDIPTA CHAKRABORTY NN BALA SUDIPTA DAS
PCOD Overview A Journey from Ayurveda to AllopathyNAYANA KALE DEEPAL TAANK HARSHADA KADAM GAURI KAPHARE SWATITALELE ANIL JADHAV
In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Cost of Illness Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in IndonesiaYUNITA NITA DIAS PUTRI WARDANASARI DIVA ARIADNE CERELIA FITRINURMALASARI TUTUT DWI CAHYATI ABDUL RAHEM LIZA PRISTIANTYMUFARRIHAH
The effect of learning methods age and vital capacity of the lungs on thelearning outcomes of 50 meter breaststroke swimming skillsSUKIRI RAMDAN PELANA YUSMAWATI OMAN UNJU SUBANDI ABDULKHOLIK EKAFITRI
Identification of Lead Compounds from Plant Secondary Metabolites to TargetNon-Structural Protein (Ns5) of Dengue Virus by Insilico MethodARUNYA M SIMYA R SIVASANKARI M ARUL JAYANTHI A
Detection of Kaposirsquos Associated Herpesvirus in Saliva of Drug RelatedImmunosupressed PatientSHATHA F ABDULLAH SAMARA MOWAFFAQ ALI
Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
Design Development And Evaluation Of Antidiabetc Matrix Tablets Using NaturalAnd Synthetic PolymersHIMABINDU PEDDAPALLI MADHURIKA SIRIGADI MD FAHEEMUDDINRAMKOTESWARA RAO AMARA ANANDA KUMAR CHETTUPALLI
Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Evaluation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing amine fluoride on gingivalstatus - a clinical investigationMUNAZ MULLA MUSHIR MULLA RAJESH KASHYAP SHASHIKANTH HEGDE ARUNKUMAR MAIYA MYTHRI SARPANGALA FAZLUR RAHMAN SAYED
Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
Implementation of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Lung Tuberculosis UsingFuzzy TsukamotoDAHLAN ABDULLAH
Development of urban agglomeration under the influence of driving forcesSHVETS IYU IRINA SHVETS
Effect of Ethanol n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Marsilea crenata PreslLeaves on ERszlig Expressions of Neurons in Estrogen-Deficient Female MiceMANGESTUTIAGIL HENINGLASWATI NENY PURWITASARI RADELLA AULIAADITYARA FRISCHA AYU WIDIASARI
Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
Biological activities of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub flowers on skin carecosmeticsNARIN KAKATUM YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
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Incisional Hernia Different Approaches The Defect Size Is the RefereeADIL SHAKER AL TAMIMI ISRAA ABDUL WAHED DHEEB
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Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in FemaleGenital TractMUSTAFA SALAM ABDULKHALEQ NOAMAN MUTHANA ABDULKADERALMAHDAWY
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Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)
SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI H MEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Nature of oral cancer progression according to gender evaluation throughmetastasis and recurrence - A Single University StudySINDHU PRIYA KUPPUSAMY SUNDARA MURTHY DRMAHATHINDRSURESH
Prevalence of class I occlusion in mixed dentitionNIVETHA G ARVIND S
Age and gender related distribution of patients undergoing maxillary thirdmolar extractionsSAM JOHN KOSHY MADHULAXMI M SIVAKUMAR M
Knowledge attitude and awareness of platelet rich fibrin among dentalstudents in chennaiABHISHEK NARAM MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW DEEPAK S
Evaluation of the awareness of gingival recession amongst patients whounderwent root coverage treatment - A retrospective studyVUNNAM SRI SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
Assessment of impacted third molars in patients with temporomandibulardisordersJAYA KEERTHANA S SREEDEVI DHARMAN MARAGATHAVALLIG
Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
Prevalence of Patients Seeking Aesthetic Treatment Options inOrthodontics - A Retrospective Study MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL M NAVEEN KUMAR
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
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Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
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Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
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Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Awareness And Knowledge About Pharmacotherapy Of Angular Cheilitis AmongUg Dental Students In Private Dental College ChennaiVINAYA SWETHAT DRDEEPIKA RAJENDRAN DRKIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
A Retrospective Study On Evaluation Of Patients With Recurrent AphthousStomatitisREVATHIB DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
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Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
passifloraceae in the treatment of neurasthenia HUYNH TAN HOI
Prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute st- elevation myocardialinfarctionDRATPARDESI DRDILIP PPATIL DRRAHUL PATIL DRMAKARAND BMANE
A study to determine angiographic findings in patients of acute coronarysyndrome at teaching HospitalDRMRSPATIL SHILPA DRMRSPATANGE APARNA DRMRSVASANT DEOKARDRMRSKAPALE RJ DRMRS PUJARI BHUPAL
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A study of microalbuminuria in newly detected hypertensive individuals in tertiarycare centreDRSSKULKARNI DRUTMANE DRPUJARI BHUPAL DRRAHUL SPATIL
Chemometrics-Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Paracetamol and Tramadol in Divided Powder DosageFormDINA CHRISTIN AYUNING PUTRI MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUSDIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds inWistar Albinos ratsFATIMA EL KAMARI HASSAN LAAROUSSI DRISS OUSAAID YASSINE EL ATKIAMAL TAROQ IMANE AOUAM BADIAA LYOUSSI ABDELFATTAH ABDELLAOUI
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a-Glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of butyrolactone I derivedfrom Aspergillus terreus and evaluation of its acute toxicity RIZNA TRIANA DEWI TENI ERNAWATI HANI MULYANI AKHMAD DARMAWANINDAH DWIATMI DEWIJANTI SOFNA BANJARNAHOR TRI YULIANI MARISSAANGELINA SOFA FAJRIAH ABDI WIRA SEPTAMA
HPMC Polymeric System Structural Contribution in Controlling Drug Release inSustained Drug Delivery SystemAJIT KULKARNI VIPUL DHASADE VIVEK INGALE AMIT KASABE ARCHANAYADAV SANTOSH FATTEPUR NAGARAJA SREEHARSHA EBHAVYA
Drug-Induced Acute PancreatitisANURAG LAVEKAR UMESH MARAPPA SWARALI TADWALKAR VIVEKCHAUDHARI
Comparative Study Of Amino Acids Profile Of Eel Fish (Anguilla Bicolor) In TheYellow Eel And Silver Eel Phase From Lake PosoJAMALUDDIN NURrsquoAENI AGUSTINUS WIDODO WA ODE SITTI MUSNINA
Physical Chemistry Characterization of Gelatin on Eel Fish Bone (Anguillamarmorata Q Gaimard) With Various Concentrations of Solvent Base andExtraction TimeJAMALUDDIN AKHMAD KHUMAIDI RAODHATUL JANNA YONELIAN YUYUNAGUSTINUS WIDODO PITRIANI
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The Rationale For Performing Hybrid Mediastinal Lymph Node DissectionBy Transhiatal Access For Thoracic Esophageal CancerDJAKHANGIR SABIROV BAKHTIYOR MADIYOROV ABDUGAFFAR RASULOVNIZOM ERMATOV ORZIGUL YUSUPOVA
Effect Of Dietary And Lifestyle Transitions On Functional Immune SystemSARAH MOHAMED R S UPENDRA SHRADDHA BIJALWAN VAISHNAVI BHAGWANBOPTE ABHINASH KUMAR GIRI
Title Updates on community pharmacistsrsquo involvement in tuberculosis program inIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity and DPPH radical scavenging Assay ofisolated compound from Etlingera rubroloba (Blume) AD Poulsen stemASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
2d-Qsar Study Of Synthesized Novel Derivatives Of 134-OxadiazolesSOMASHEKHAR M R B KOTNAL S R KARAJAGI
Molecular and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric determination ofFurosemide via complex formation with Chromium ionKHITAM JABER NABHAN ABBAS SHEBEEB HASAN AL-KADUMI JWAN ODAYABDULSATTAR
Direct and Indirect Cost of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia A PrevalenceBased Study with Human Capital ApproachSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds Oil of Agricultural Wastein MalaysiaSHAKINAZ DESA ASAAD ABBAS KHALAF SYARUL NATAQAIN BINTIBAHARUM MUSTAFA MUDHAFAR
Tribulus terrestris Linn Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced By Monosodium-Glutamate An In Vivo EvidenceGOMATHI SWAMINATHAN SRIKANTH JUPUDI SATHISH R ROSHAN NS
Clinical and experimental value of integrated lymphatic therapy in nonspecificulcerative colitisYULDOSHALI EGAMOV AKHTAM RUZIYEV SARVAR KHAIDAROV GULISHAYKHOVA ADILBEK RAJABOV NIZOM ERMATOV
Protective Effects of Antagonism of Interleukin-1 Receptors in 3-nitropropionicAcid Provoked Huntington Disease-Related SymptomsSURBHI GUPTA BHUPESH SHARMA
The Correlation between Serum Iron Level and Transferrin Saturation withReticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent (RET-He) in Routine HemodialysisMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDO LUBIS RIABANDIARA ABDUL HADI MARTAKUSUMAH RULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAHROESLI DEDI RACHMADI
Antileukotriene Drugs in The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in ChildrenMIRRAKHIMOVA MAKTUBA XABIBULLAYEVNA ABDULLAEVA DILOROMTELMANOVNA ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ GAYRATOVNA SAGDULLAYEVA MAFURAABDUKARIMOVNA ABDULLAYEVA MUXLISA MASRUROVNA
Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate Versus Normal Saline in the Prevention ofContrast-Induced Nephropathy among Cardiac Patients A Cohort Study in SaudiArabia SIREEN ABDULRAHIM SHILBAYEH ATHEER MUSAAD BIN HAMEED MAYMOHAMMED ALOWAYEDH RAGHAD ABDULMOHSEN ABAHUSSAIN HAYA ALIMUKHAYLIB HIND KHALID SID AHMED
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effect on Quality of Life among AdolescentPopulation A Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia SIREEN A SHILBAYEH WEDYAN A ALHUSSAIN ALANOUD S ALHIBS NAJLA GALMALKI NOUF A ALMAJHAD SAMAR T NOURI SARAH M ALSALEH
Maximal Matching in Fractal Graphs and Its ApplicationPTHARANIYA GJAYALALITHA
Anticancer properties of hymecromone-derived compounds A reviewNOORA THAMER ABDULAZIZ YASSER FAKRI MUSTAFA
Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of new 15-Benzodiazepine derivatives contain Cyclic imides and Mannich basesMALATH KHALAF RASHEED DIANA ABDALKREEMAL-RIFAIE DHAMER ISMAELMADAB
Componential Description Of Medicated Foams A ReviewHAYDER HUSSEIN ALWAN HANAN JALAL KASSAB
Molecular Study Of The TG Gene Polymorphisms In Patients WithHashimotorsquos Thyroiditis Among Iraqis PopulationBASMAN A NADHIM ABBAS G HAMMED HAYDER O HASHIM NAZAR JMETIB
Comparative genetic study for some species of the family Poaceae using theRAPD molecular indicatorSALWAH HAMZA HUSSEIN AL-HASSNWY RUQAYA MANOON HASAN AL-NOMANI
Quercetin Isolated from Dried Ginkgo Biloba leaves with the PhytochemicalScreeningFARQAD M BAQER BASSAM A HASSAN FADIL MOHSEN HAMED
Therapeutic efficacy of protein compound extractionfromMetapenaeusaffinisagainst glucosamine sulphate-induced nephrotoxicity inmale ratsAMAL KABBAS
Evaluation of HER2-Neu status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situhybridization as a prognostic factor in gastric and gastro-esophageal cancerEAMAN SUUD KHALIFA AYSER HAMEED LATIF
Can IL1szlig and IL10 levels assessment in endometrial secretion predict pregnancyoutcome after ICSI A prospective studyTAIF EIMAD AHMED FADIA J AL-IZZI QAYS AHMED MAHDI
Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and its complexes with some metal ions and Their FluorescenceStudyINAM HASHIM IBRAHIM HASAN A HASAN
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Al-Anbar Governorate Western of IraqIBRAHIM NS AL-KAISSI SAAD M SHUKR MARWA A KUBBA
New Polymeric Coii Niii And Cdii Complexes With Tetrazole Schiff-Base LigandsSynthesis Spectral Characterisation And Biological ActivityRIYADH M AHMED BAIDAA K AL-RUBAYE NASRY J HUSSIEN ENAAM I YOUSIFHASAN A HASAN MOHAMAD J AL-JEBOORI
Evaluation of the Cytocompatibility of Novel Gingival Retraction Pastes based onBoswellia papyrifera
HIBA A SALMAN MANHAL A MAJEED EAMAN A AL-RUBAEE
Isolation and genotyping of local Toxoplasma gondii strains in infected chickenABDULRAZZAQ MOHAMMED HAMOOD ALI MOHAMMED ABED
Preparation and characterization of diazepam loaded nanomicelles for pediatricintravenous dose adjustmentMUHANNAD SALAH AL RADHI MOHAMMED SABAR AL-LAMI ENAS ABDULSAHIB
Baseline Widal Titre Amongst the Healthy Individuals from Western RuralMaharashtraIndia DR RAVINDRA V SHINDE ANJALI R SHINDE DR S T MOHITE DR SANDEEPB SHINDE DR S K PAWAR DR S R PATIL
IoT BASED CPAP MACHINEJPREMKUMAR TSUDHAKAR ABDULLAH S ABHIJIT GOSWAMI EKAVITHA
To the Problem of Fungal Pathology in the Hot Climate in Children and AdultsSHAIKHOVA GULI ERMATOV NIZOM ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ ABDULLAEVADILOROM YUSUPOVA ORZIGUL ALLAYEVA MUNIRA
Effect of Tender Coconut Water on Experimental Urolithiasis An In Vitro StudyGAYATRI S SOWNDARYA S KARTHIKEYAN G
Development and Optimization of Multiple-Unit Floating Drug Delivery System ofPregabalin Using Quality by Design (QbD) ApproachMONIKA KHARB YSTANWAR
Dissolution profile comparison of two marketed Favipiravir tabletsSANDEEP KHATALE CHAUDHARI NIKHIL SURESH ANAGHA UPASANINILAM BHUSARE
Development of a Tool to Assess the Safe and Quality Use of ImmunizationJUNY SEBASTIAN GURUMURTHY PARTHASARATHI MANDYAM DHATI RAVI
Effectiveness of Olive Oil Massage on Post Caesarean Pain and Quality of Sleepamong Primigravida MothersPRIYADARSINIA REVATHIPG
Assessment of the Quality of Life and the Level of Depression in Patients withChronic Kidney Disease on Programmed HemodialysisAKSNA M KARDANGUSHEVA LILIYA V ELGAROVA ZARINA A SHUGUSHEVAIRINA H ALMOVA SOFIAT KH SIZHAZHEVA
The Expression of Immunohistochemistry IL-10 And IL-18 On Helminth-InfectedMice Treated With The Extract Of Areca catechu LENDY JULI ANTO AZNAN LELO SYAFRUDDIN ILYAS MARLINE NAINGGOLAN
Evaluation of Basic Plants in The Bank of Healthy Potato Varieties in The NorthernRegion and The High Mountain ZoneOVES EV
An objective assessment of the importance of regions for beekeeping based onmelliferous resources and ambient temperatureVNKULAKOV AGMANNAPOV
Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosaceain Iraqi PatientsSAMER A DHAHER
Construction and Validation of Ayurveda Health Assessment Questionnaire(AHAQ) Based on Characteristics of Health (Arogya Linga) Mentioned by AcharyaKashyapa DR SAURABH AGRAWAL DRSHIVAKUMAR DRMBKAVITHA DRASHA KP
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Film Loaded with IbuprofenNanoparticlesVISHAL B RAWAL AFRASIM MOIN SUBHAM JAIN N AMIT B PATILMEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Orodispersible Tablets ContainsIbuprofen Loaded Microfiber for Better In-Vitro DissolutionSUBHAM JAIN N AFRASIM MOIN VISHAL B RAWAL AMIT B PATIL MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S DV GOWDA
Co-Amorphous Based Supersaturated Urea-Losartan Potassium TransdermalFormulation For HypertensionNANHI NANDINI AFRASIM MOIN ROHINI BHATTACHARYA MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISHBABU P NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Characterization and Formulation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System ofPiroxicamROHINI BHATTACHARYA AFRASIM MOIN NANHI NANDINI MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISH BABU P NITHIN KS D V GOWDA
Identifying gene clusters as signature biomarkers for predictingmethotrexate effectiveness and potential side effects during RheumatoidArthritis therapyANAS KHALEEL AFNAN MEQBEL ROWAN ALEJIELAT YAZAN SBATARSEH ABDALLAH A ELBAKKOUSH BAYAN Y GHANIM CRISTINA IBATARSEH NIDAL A QINNA
Recent Trends on Regulatory Aspects of Nanotechnology in IndianPharmaceutical MarketDAKA NAGARJUNA REDDY DR MAHAVEER SINGH DR BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVADR KONDA RAVI KUMAR
Toxicopathological And Biochemical Impacts Of 2378 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-
Dioxin ( TCDD ) On Liver Of Albino Male RatsANAS AHUMADI SAMER I SABEEH BUSHRA I AL-KAISEI ALI IBRAHIM ALI AL-EZZY
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Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
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Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
Assessment Of Drug Compliance And Targeted Pharmacist Intervention In AcuteIschemic Stroke PatientVARSHITHA NAKKA SUREKHA PUSAPATI AJAY MANUKONDA DR SKUMARAVELU VARA PRASAD SAKA
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Design And Development Of Gemcitabine Nanoemulsion For Pulmonary DeliveryMERRYL DrsquoSILVA AFRASIM MOIN RACHNAM KUMAR SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
Association of additive risk of INC I gene with the presence of Diabetes Type 1 andType 2AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Evaluating The Implementation Of The Quality Assurance Agencys Work ProgramAt STAI MU TanjungpinangRUDI HARTONO SYAMSUL BAHRI MAEMUNAH SArsquoDIYAH ENDIN MUJAHIDIN
Evaluation Of Implementation Of Village Middle Education And Training ProgramsIn Batam Health Training Centers (Bapelkes) In Batam City Province Of RiauIslandsENDIN MUJAHIDIN ASMALI RUDI HARTONO
Incidence and types of thyroid tumour in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditisHUSSAIN TAHER ALBAAJ AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
The gender traits of completed suicide committed in unlike periods of the ferganaZAYNITDIN GIYOSOV ULFIDDINKHON MAKHSUMKHONOV IBROKHIMBAKHRIEV SHOKIR BEKNAZAROV JAKHONGIR BEKNAZAROV
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Resolution of Disputes on Illegal Acts by the Authorities in IndonesiaKARTIKA WIDYA UTAMA YUDHITIYA DYAH SUKMADEWI YOS JOHAN UTAMAIRMA CAHYANINGTYAS
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Cross-sectional study of the association between polycystic ovarysyndrome and uterine septum anomaliesADNAN AH ALBDAIRI MOHEND AN AL-SHALAH
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Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
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Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
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P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
Characterization and Evaluation of combination of Aromatase InhibitorResveratrol and Docetaxel against ER positive cell lines MCF-7 and ER negativecell lines MDAMB231 in Breast CancerPREETI SINGH SHIV KR YADAV SATISH SARDANA UROOJ A KHAN RUPAGUPTA
Morphological and ITS Based Characterization of Some Important Fungi Isolatedfrom Desert Soil under Harsh environmentTHAMER HALBALAWI
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
The Clinical Cruciality of Resistin in the Emanation of Polycystic Ovary Syndromein Female Individuals and Its Prediction HAAEL SUBHI ABBAS
Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
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Juridical Study on the Dissolution of Religious Activities by CommunityOrganizationsIDIANTO NYOMAN SERIKAT PUTRA JAYA ASEP NANA MULYANA
Nurses Needs and Expectations after Natural Disasters Trauma Based on Valuesand CultureMUSTIKASARI HARIF FADHILLAH ANGGI PRATIWI RINA SETIANA NURSALAM
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A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
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Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERAL BYRAGI REDDY TSRAVANTHI KR PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of cadmium in Swiss albino micePRIYANKA DADUPANTHI SHILPA BHARGAVA
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Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
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Application of Strict Liability Concept to Companies that Commit Crimes ofEnvironmental DestructionARSHINTA FITRI DIYANI ARIEF HIDAYAT RETNO SARASWATI
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Hepatic Encephalopathy Precipitated By Sepsis and Outcome of Its ManagementANUSHA NARAYANAN RAMA P VENU RENJITHA BHASKARAN ROSHNI PR
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Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
Assessing Patient Satisfaction with Community Pharmacy Services in Yogyakarta
IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
Perception of Stroke Warning Symptoms in At-Risk Patients SOMSAK THOJAMPA SIRIKANOK KLANKHAJHON WUTTICHAI SAHATTECHOORAWAN PAIROJWOOTTIPONG JIRAPA JUNBUA
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Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Nanoemulsion Containing Mixed HerbalExtract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic RatsERINDYAH R WIKANTYASNING NURCAHYANTI WAHYUNINGTYAS SHARIDAFAKURAZI MUHAMMAD DArsquoI
The Effectiveness of Phosphate Solvent Rhizosphere Bacteria in Stimulating theGrowth of Rice PlantsA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI MASNIAWATI A YANI
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Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Film Loaded With Ibuprofen for BuccalDeliveryMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H AFRASIM MOIN SHAILESH T YASHAS M S AMIT BPATIL MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Reconstruction of Social Support Approach Model for Tuberculosis PatientsABDHADY J ANDI AGUSTANG ARLIN ADAM HARIANI AMBO UPE INDAH AINUNMUTIARA
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Active Cycle of Breathing to Respiratory Rate in Patients with Lung TuberculosisDIAN ARIF WAHYUDI ADHESTY NOVITA XANDA NIKEN SUKESI LINDA PUSPITAPSIARI KUSUMA WARDANI EVA YURLINA DWI OKTARIYANI HAMID MUKHLIS
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Improving Management Effectiveness by Strengthening TransformationalLeadership Self Efficacy and Learning Organization in Covid-19 PandemicJOKO TRIMULYO SOEWARTO HARDHIENATA WIDODO SUNARYO MZAINAL ARIFIN
Improvement of Professional Commitments by Strengthening AchievingMotivation in Covid-19 EraTAUFIK THAMRIN ABDULLAH SRI SETYANINGSIH M ZAINAL ARIFIN
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Physicochemical Characterization Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities ofConjugated Chitosan-Ferulic Acid on Various Radical Initiators SystemKHOIRUN NISA MUSLIH ANWAR NURINA INDIRAYATI WIDA BANARKUSUMANINGRUM
TLC Bioautography In Vitro Antiradical and Antioxidant Activities of LeavesExtract of Bauhinia Acuminata Linn (Caesalpiniaceae)SUDIPTA CHAKRABORTY NN BALA SUDIPTA DAS
PCOD Overview A Journey from Ayurveda to AllopathyNAYANA KALE DEEPAL TAANK HARSHADA KADAM GAURI KAPHARE SWATITALELE ANIL JADHAV
In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Hofbauer Cells and Nuclear Factor of Kappa Beta on Rats Placenta that BlackCarbon ExposureWAHYU HARGIYANTO VISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN WIDJIATI WIDJIATI EPYMUHAMMAD LUQMAN
Cost of Illness Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in IndonesiaYUNITA NITA DIAS PUTRI WARDANASARI DIVA ARIADNE CERELIA FITRINURMALASARI TUTUT DWI CAHYATI ABDUL RAHEM LIZA PRISTIANTYMUFARRIHAH
The effect of learning methods age and vital capacity of the lungs on thelearning outcomes of 50 meter breaststroke swimming skillsSUKIRI RAMDAN PELANA YUSMAWATI OMAN UNJU SUBANDI ABDULKHOLIK EKAFITRI
Identification of Lead Compounds from Plant Secondary Metabolites to TargetNon-Structural Protein (Ns5) of Dengue Virus by Insilico MethodARUNYA M SIMYA R SIVASANKARI M ARUL JAYANTHI A
Detection of Kaposirsquos Associated Herpesvirus in Saliva of Drug RelatedImmunosupressed PatientSHATHA F ABDULLAH SAMARA MOWAFFAQ ALI
Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
Design Development And Evaluation Of Antidiabetc Matrix Tablets Using NaturalAnd Synthetic PolymersHIMABINDU PEDDAPALLI MADHURIKA SIRIGADI MD FAHEEMUDDINRAMKOTESWARA RAO AMARA ANANDA KUMAR CHETTUPALLI
Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Evaluation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing amine fluoride on gingivalstatus - a clinical investigationMUNAZ MULLA MUSHIR MULLA RAJESH KASHYAP SHASHIKANTH HEGDE ARUNKUMAR MAIYA MYTHRI SARPANGALA FAZLUR RAHMAN SAYED
Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
Implementation of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Lung Tuberculosis UsingFuzzy TsukamotoDAHLAN ABDULLAH
Development of urban agglomeration under the influence of driving forcesSHVETS IYU IRINA SHVETS
Effect of Ethanol n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Marsilea crenata PreslLeaves on ERszlig Expressions of Neurons in Estrogen-Deficient Female MiceMANGESTUTIAGIL HENINGLASWATI NENY PURWITASARI RADELLA AULIAADITYARA FRISCHA AYU WIDIASARI
Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
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Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
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Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
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Formulation and Evaluation of BILAYR Floating Tablet of LevetiracetamHAMAD KADHUM MAARIZ WEDAD K ALI FATIMA A TWFEEQ
Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
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Role of Toxoplasmosis in the Elevation of Microrna-22 Levels With AbortionBASHEER ABD NASRALLA
Design a Diagnostic Kit for Molecular Identification of Helicobacter pyloriHANEEN B AL-WAELI DHAFAR N AL-UGAILI ZAINAB SH KHALAF
E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
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036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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04
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16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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250
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2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI H MEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Nature of oral cancer progression according to gender evaluation throughmetastasis and recurrence - A Single University StudySINDHU PRIYA KUPPUSAMY SUNDARA MURTHY DRMAHATHINDRSURESH
Prevalence of class I occlusion in mixed dentitionNIVETHA G ARVIND S
Age and gender related distribution of patients undergoing maxillary thirdmolar extractionsSAM JOHN KOSHY MADHULAXMI M SIVAKUMAR M
Knowledge attitude and awareness of platelet rich fibrin among dentalstudents in chennaiABHISHEK NARAM MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW DEEPAK S
Evaluation of the awareness of gingival recession amongst patients whounderwent root coverage treatment - A retrospective studyVUNNAM SRI SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Tobacco Users reporting toa Private Dental College in Chennai A Retrospective StudyDYNA ALBERT M R MUTHUSEKHAR KATHIRAVAN SELVARASU
Assessment of distribution pattern in patients with facial pain - a retrospectivestudyJOSHINI SHANMUGAM SREEDEVI DHARMAN SURESH V
Gingival health of children suffering from haemophiliaJAYA KEERTHANA S MEBIN GEORGE MATHEW MARAGATHAVALLI G
Evaluation of initial shade of the discoloured non vital tooth amongst patients inchennai- a retrospective studyMADHURA DESHMUKH NABEEL AHMED
Seratiopeptidase vs methylprednisolone in the reduction of pain after theextraction of mandibular third molarHARINI G DRDINESH PRABHU DRBALAKRISHNAN R N
Prevalence of commonest form of cleft lip in patients reported to a universityhospital setting - a retrospective analysisLAKSHYA RANIS DR SENTHIL MURUGANP DRGMARAGATHAVALLI
Estimation of scaling done during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment - Aretrospective studyVUNNAM SAI CHARAN NASHRA KAREEM KIRAN KUMAR
Prevalence of fluorosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- aretrospective studyASHFAQ AHMED M SRIRENGALAKSHMI SARAVANA DINESHSP
Preference for evaluating marginal fit in framework trail of coping in fixeddental prosthesis - a retrospective studyDRNEPPALA GOWTHAM DRNABEEL AHMED
Prevalence of chronic gingivitis and its relationship with oral hygiene status- aretrospective studyJ SARVESH KUMAR N D JAYAKUMAR MURUGAIYAN ARUN
Periodontal status among patients with hypothyroidism visiting a private dentalhospital in chennaiJANHVI MANOHAR PRADEEP KUMAR R SPSARAVANA DINESH
Evaluation of periodontal health status of teeth with prosthetic crowns - aretrospective cohort studyKEERTHANA BALAJI MURUGAN THAMARAISELVAN PRADEEP D
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists on the factors causing failure ofpost amp core restoration in endodontically treated teeth - a questionnaire-basedsurveySOWMYA K SURENDAR SUGUMARAN
Assessment of impacted third molars in patients with temporomandibulardisordersJAYA KEERTHANA S SREEDEVI DHARMAN MARAGATHAVALLIG
Prevalence of different types of expansion appliance usage for maxillaryexpansion ARATHI MURUGESAN SARAVANA DINESH SP NIVETHIGAA BALAKRISHNAN
Prevalence of root stumps in adolescentsWESTEOUS DOMINIC PEREIRA DHANRAJ GNAPATHY SURENDAR S
Prevalence of different facial shape in chennai populationHARIPRIYAR NIVETHIGAAB
Different Treatment Options for A Distal Extension Case A Retrospective StudyAMAN MERCHANT SUBHABRATA MAITI VISALAKSHI RAMANATHAN
Prevalence of Patients Seeking Aesthetic Treatment Options inOrthodontics - A Retrospective Study MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL M NAVEEN KUMAR
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Evaluation of Patients Reporting with Burning Sensation and Non-SpecificClinical Findings to Department of Oral MedicineABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Assessment of Effectiveness of Local Anesthesia with And WithoutAdrenaline in Patients with Cardiac DisordersMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARYMANJARI
Anemia as An Etiological Agent for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ARetrospective StudyMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARY MANJARI
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
Association Between Angles Class Ii Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease - ARetrospective StudyKARTHIGA DEVI GANGA MOORTHY JAIGANESH RAMAMURTHY PRADEEPDHASARATHAN
Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment of Dental Management of Mentally Challenged Patients Treatedin Special Care Dentistry in A Hospital Setting- Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Prevalence of White Spot Lesions in Patients Treated with Fixed OrthodonticAppliancesAMINA MEHRIN BANO SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Awareness And Knowledge About Pharmacotherapy Of Angular Cheilitis AmongUg Dental Students In Private Dental College ChennaiVINAYA SWETHAT DRDEEPIKA RAJENDRAN DRKIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
A Retrospective Study On Evaluation Of Patients With Recurrent AphthousStomatitisREVATHIB DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI HMEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
passifloraceae in the treatment of neurasthenia HUYNH TAN HOI
Prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute st- elevation myocardialinfarctionDRATPARDESI DRDILIP PPATIL DRRAHUL PATIL DRMAKARAND BMANE
A study to determine angiographic findings in patients of acute coronarysyndrome at teaching HospitalDRMRSPATIL SHILPA DRMRSPATANGE APARNA DRMRSVASANT DEOKARDRMRSKAPALE RJ DRMRS PUJARI BHUPAL
Effect of iron deficiency anemia on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values innon-diabetesDRDANIEL PJHON DRJABBAR DESAI DRAMIT PORWAL DRMRSKAPALE RJDRUTMANE
A study of microalbuminuria in newly detected hypertensive individuals in tertiarycare centreDRSSKULKARNI DRUTMANE DRPUJARI BHUPAL DRRAHUL SPATIL
Chemometrics-Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Paracetamol and Tramadol in Divided Powder DosageFormDINA CHRISTIN AYUNING PUTRI MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUSDIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds inWistar Albinos ratsFATIMA EL KAMARI HASSAN LAAROUSSI DRISS OUSAAID YASSINE EL ATKIAMAL TAROQ IMANE AOUAM BADIAA LYOUSSI ABDELFATTAH ABDELLAOUI
Study of flavanoid determination of uwi sap extract (Dioscorea alataL)NURFITRIANIA META MAHENDRADATTA AMRAN LAGA ZAINAL
a-Glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of butyrolactone I derivedfrom Aspergillus terreus and evaluation of its acute toxicity RIZNA TRIANA DEWI TENI ERNAWATI HANI MULYANI AKHMAD DARMAWANINDAH DWIATMI DEWIJANTI SOFNA BANJARNAHOR TRI YULIANI MARISSAANGELINA SOFA FAJRIAH ABDI WIRA SEPTAMA
HPMC Polymeric System Structural Contribution in Controlling Drug Release inSustained Drug Delivery SystemAJIT KULKARNI VIPUL DHASADE VIVEK INGALE AMIT KASABE ARCHANAYADAV SANTOSH FATTEPUR NAGARAJA SREEHARSHA EBHAVYA
Drug-Induced Acute PancreatitisANURAG LAVEKAR UMESH MARAPPA SWARALI TADWALKAR VIVEKCHAUDHARI
Comparative Study Of Amino Acids Profile Of Eel Fish (Anguilla Bicolor) In TheYellow Eel And Silver Eel Phase From Lake PosoJAMALUDDIN NURrsquoAENI AGUSTINUS WIDODO WA ODE SITTI MUSNINA
Physical Chemistry Characterization of Gelatin on Eel Fish Bone (Anguillamarmorata Q Gaimard) With Various Concentrations of Solvent Base andExtraction TimeJAMALUDDIN AKHMAD KHUMAIDI RAODHATUL JANNA YONELIAN YUYUNAGUSTINUS WIDODO PITRIANI
Correlation between Serum Bisphenol-A Level Luteinizing Hormone (LH)Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) In a Sample of Iraqi Women withPCOS HANEEN SUBHEE SHAHEED WASSAN ABDUL-KAREEM ABBASS SUZANYOUSIF JASIM
The Rationale For Performing Hybrid Mediastinal Lymph Node DissectionBy Transhiatal Access For Thoracic Esophageal CancerDJAKHANGIR SABIROV BAKHTIYOR MADIYOROV ABDUGAFFAR RASULOVNIZOM ERMATOV ORZIGUL YUSUPOVA
Effect Of Dietary And Lifestyle Transitions On Functional Immune SystemSARAH MOHAMED R S UPENDRA SHRADDHA BIJALWAN VAISHNAVI BHAGWANBOPTE ABHINASH KUMAR GIRI
Title Updates on community pharmacistsrsquo involvement in tuberculosis program inIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity and DPPH radical scavenging Assay ofisolated compound from Etlingera rubroloba (Blume) AD Poulsen stemASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
2d-Qsar Study Of Synthesized Novel Derivatives Of 134-OxadiazolesSOMASHEKHAR M R B KOTNAL S R KARAJAGI
Molecular and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric determination ofFurosemide via complex formation with Chromium ionKHITAM JABER NABHAN ABBAS SHEBEEB HASAN AL-KADUMI JWAN ODAYABDULSATTAR
Direct and Indirect Cost of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia A PrevalenceBased Study with Human Capital ApproachSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds Oil of Agricultural Wastein MalaysiaSHAKINAZ DESA ASAAD ABBAS KHALAF SYARUL NATAQAIN BINTIBAHARUM MUSTAFA MUDHAFAR
Tribulus terrestris Linn Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced By Monosodium-Glutamate An In Vivo EvidenceGOMATHI SWAMINATHAN SRIKANTH JUPUDI SATHISH R ROSHAN NS
Clinical and experimental value of integrated lymphatic therapy in nonspecificulcerative colitisYULDOSHALI EGAMOV AKHTAM RUZIYEV SARVAR KHAIDAROV GULISHAYKHOVA ADILBEK RAJABOV NIZOM ERMATOV
Protective Effects of Antagonism of Interleukin-1 Receptors in 3-nitropropionicAcid Provoked Huntington Disease-Related SymptomsSURBHI GUPTA BHUPESH SHARMA
The Correlation between Serum Iron Level and Transferrin Saturation withReticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent (RET-He) in Routine HemodialysisMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDO LUBIS RIABANDIARA ABDUL HADI MARTAKUSUMAH RULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAHROESLI DEDI RACHMADI
Antileukotriene Drugs in The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in ChildrenMIRRAKHIMOVA MAKTUBA XABIBULLAYEVNA ABDULLAEVA DILOROMTELMANOVNA ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ GAYRATOVNA SAGDULLAYEVA MAFURAABDUKARIMOVNA ABDULLAYEVA MUXLISA MASRUROVNA
Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate Versus Normal Saline in the Prevention ofContrast-Induced Nephropathy among Cardiac Patients A Cohort Study in SaudiArabia SIREEN ABDULRAHIM SHILBAYEH ATHEER MUSAAD BIN HAMEED MAYMOHAMMED ALOWAYEDH RAGHAD ABDULMOHSEN ABAHUSSAIN HAYA ALIMUKHAYLIB HIND KHALID SID AHMED
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effect on Quality of Life among AdolescentPopulation A Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia SIREEN A SHILBAYEH WEDYAN A ALHUSSAIN ALANOUD S ALHIBS NAJLA GALMALKI NOUF A ALMAJHAD SAMAR T NOURI SARAH M ALSALEH
Maximal Matching in Fractal Graphs and Its ApplicationPTHARANIYA GJAYALALITHA
Anticancer properties of hymecromone-derived compounds A reviewNOORA THAMER ABDULAZIZ YASSER FAKRI MUSTAFA
Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of new 15-Benzodiazepine derivatives contain Cyclic imides and Mannich basesMALATH KHALAF RASHEED DIANA ABDALKREEMAL-RIFAIE DHAMER ISMAELMADAB
Componential Description Of Medicated Foams A ReviewHAYDER HUSSEIN ALWAN HANAN JALAL KASSAB
Molecular Study Of The TG Gene Polymorphisms In Patients WithHashimotorsquos Thyroiditis Among Iraqis PopulationBASMAN A NADHIM ABBAS G HAMMED HAYDER O HASHIM NAZAR JMETIB
Comparative genetic study for some species of the family Poaceae using theRAPD molecular indicatorSALWAH HAMZA HUSSEIN AL-HASSNWY RUQAYA MANOON HASAN AL-NOMANI
Quercetin Isolated from Dried Ginkgo Biloba leaves with the PhytochemicalScreeningFARQAD M BAQER BASSAM A HASSAN FADIL MOHSEN HAMED
Therapeutic efficacy of protein compound extractionfromMetapenaeusaffinisagainst glucosamine sulphate-induced nephrotoxicity inmale ratsAMAL KABBAS
Evaluation of HER2-Neu status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situhybridization as a prognostic factor in gastric and gastro-esophageal cancerEAMAN SUUD KHALIFA AYSER HAMEED LATIF
Can IL1szlig and IL10 levels assessment in endometrial secretion predict pregnancyoutcome after ICSI A prospective studyTAIF EIMAD AHMED FADIA J AL-IZZI QAYS AHMED MAHDI
Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and its complexes with some metal ions and Their FluorescenceStudyINAM HASHIM IBRAHIM HASAN A HASAN
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Al-Anbar Governorate Western of IraqIBRAHIM NS AL-KAISSI SAAD M SHUKR MARWA A KUBBA
New Polymeric Coii Niii And Cdii Complexes With Tetrazole Schiff-Base LigandsSynthesis Spectral Characterisation And Biological ActivityRIYADH M AHMED BAIDAA K AL-RUBAYE NASRY J HUSSIEN ENAAM I YOUSIFHASAN A HASAN MOHAMAD J AL-JEBOORI
Evaluation of the Cytocompatibility of Novel Gingival Retraction Pastes based onBoswellia papyrifera
HIBA A SALMAN MANHAL A MAJEED EAMAN A AL-RUBAEE
Isolation and genotyping of local Toxoplasma gondii strains in infected chickenABDULRAZZAQ MOHAMMED HAMOOD ALI MOHAMMED ABED
Preparation and characterization of diazepam loaded nanomicelles for pediatricintravenous dose adjustmentMUHANNAD SALAH AL RADHI MOHAMMED SABAR AL-LAMI ENAS ABDULSAHIB
Baseline Widal Titre Amongst the Healthy Individuals from Western RuralMaharashtraIndia DR RAVINDRA V SHINDE ANJALI R SHINDE DR S T MOHITE DR SANDEEPB SHINDE DR S K PAWAR DR S R PATIL
IoT BASED CPAP MACHINEJPREMKUMAR TSUDHAKAR ABDULLAH S ABHIJIT GOSWAMI EKAVITHA
To the Problem of Fungal Pathology in the Hot Climate in Children and AdultsSHAIKHOVA GULI ERMATOV NIZOM ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ ABDULLAEVADILOROM YUSUPOVA ORZIGUL ALLAYEVA MUNIRA
Effect of Tender Coconut Water on Experimental Urolithiasis An In Vitro StudyGAYATRI S SOWNDARYA S KARTHIKEYAN G
Development and Optimization of Multiple-Unit Floating Drug Delivery System ofPregabalin Using Quality by Design (QbD) ApproachMONIKA KHARB YSTANWAR
Dissolution profile comparison of two marketed Favipiravir tabletsSANDEEP KHATALE CHAUDHARI NIKHIL SURESH ANAGHA UPASANINILAM BHUSARE
Development of a Tool to Assess the Safe and Quality Use of ImmunizationJUNY SEBASTIAN GURUMURTHY PARTHASARATHI MANDYAM DHATI RAVI
Effectiveness of Olive Oil Massage on Post Caesarean Pain and Quality of Sleepamong Primigravida MothersPRIYADARSINIA REVATHIPG
Assessment of the Quality of Life and the Level of Depression in Patients withChronic Kidney Disease on Programmed HemodialysisAKSNA M KARDANGUSHEVA LILIYA V ELGAROVA ZARINA A SHUGUSHEVAIRINA H ALMOVA SOFIAT KH SIZHAZHEVA
The Expression of Immunohistochemistry IL-10 And IL-18 On Helminth-InfectedMice Treated With The Extract Of Areca catechu LENDY JULI ANTO AZNAN LELO SYAFRUDDIN ILYAS MARLINE NAINGGOLAN
Evaluation of Basic Plants in The Bank of Healthy Potato Varieties in The NorthernRegion and The High Mountain ZoneOVES EV
An objective assessment of the importance of regions for beekeeping based onmelliferous resources and ambient temperatureVNKULAKOV AGMANNAPOV
Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosaceain Iraqi PatientsSAMER A DHAHER
Construction and Validation of Ayurveda Health Assessment Questionnaire(AHAQ) Based on Characteristics of Health (Arogya Linga) Mentioned by AcharyaKashyapa DR SAURABH AGRAWAL DRSHIVAKUMAR DRMBKAVITHA DRASHA KP
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Film Loaded with IbuprofenNanoparticlesVISHAL B RAWAL AFRASIM MOIN SUBHAM JAIN N AMIT B PATILMEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Orodispersible Tablets ContainsIbuprofen Loaded Microfiber for Better In-Vitro DissolutionSUBHAM JAIN N AFRASIM MOIN VISHAL B RAWAL AMIT B PATIL MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S DV GOWDA
Co-Amorphous Based Supersaturated Urea-Losartan Potassium TransdermalFormulation For HypertensionNANHI NANDINI AFRASIM MOIN ROHINI BHATTACHARYA MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISHBABU P NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Characterization and Formulation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System ofPiroxicamROHINI BHATTACHARYA AFRASIM MOIN NANHI NANDINI MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISH BABU P NITHIN KS D V GOWDA
Identifying gene clusters as signature biomarkers for predictingmethotrexate effectiveness and potential side effects during RheumatoidArthritis therapyANAS KHALEEL AFNAN MEQBEL ROWAN ALEJIELAT YAZAN SBATARSEH ABDALLAH A ELBAKKOUSH BAYAN Y GHANIM CRISTINA IBATARSEH NIDAL A QINNA
Recent Trends on Regulatory Aspects of Nanotechnology in IndianPharmaceutical MarketDAKA NAGARJUNA REDDY DR MAHAVEER SINGH DR BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVADR KONDA RAVI KUMAR
Toxicopathological And Biochemical Impacts Of 2378 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-
Dioxin ( TCDD ) On Liver Of Albino Male RatsANAS AHUMADI SAMER I SABEEH BUSHRA I AL-KAISEI ALI IBRAHIM ALI AL-EZZY
Characterisation Of Encapsulated Beta Vulgaris LinnDry Powder Extract InChitosanSANGGITA AYU IKASARI ANITA SUKMAWATI
The effect of giving wamerose juice for high blood pressure of patientshypertension in PalembangMUZAKAR LISTRIANAH PRATIWI BI AHMAD FUDHOLI
Antimalarial Properties of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subspHygroscopicus Secondary Metabolite Active Fractions In Silico and In VivoAnalysisLOEKI E FITRI AJENG M PUTRI NABILA E ERWAN FITRIA F PUTRI RIVO YB NUGRAHA TEGUH W SARDJONO KANA MARDHIYYAH DIO G ARIELICHA F D FARATISHA SUCIATI BACHTIAR R P IHSAN SRI WINARSIH
Identification of foodborne pathogens and antibacterial activity of ethanolicextract of Alangium salviifoliumMOUNICA SURA SREENATH KONANKI SREEYAPUREDDY ANITHA DS RAOJAYASIMHA RAYALU DADDAM
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
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Hand Sanitizer A healthy weapon to fight against COVID -19KAMAL SHAH SUMIT CHHABRA NAGENDRA SINGH CHAUHAN
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A Retrospective Qualitative Study on Pharmacotherapeutic Management ofCoronary Artery Disease Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Discussion onComprehensive Role of Clinical Pharmacist In Clinical PracticeABHARATH KUMAR MSUMASHANKAR
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Estimation of Total Phenolic Total Flavonoid Content and Assessment of in vitroAntioxidant Activity of Extracts of plant Maytenus emarginata stembarkUMESH PRABHAKAR JOSHI RAJENDRA DAYARAM WAGH
Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
Metal complexes with heteroscorpionate ligand founded on the pyridinaminegroup cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor antimicrobial antioxidant and in vitrocytotoxicity notional studiesAESHAH MUHANA MOHAMMED REHAB KADHEM RAHEM AL-SHEMARY
Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
Assessment Of Drug Compliance And Targeted Pharmacist Intervention In AcuteIschemic Stroke PatientVARSHITHA NAKKA SUREKHA PUSAPATI AJAY MANUKONDA DR SKUMARAVELU VARA PRASAD SAKA
Intermittent dosing of isotretinoinNADA ALSALEH ELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Larvicidal activity of isolated fatty acids from Senegalia rugata podsMOUNICA PONUGOTI SIVA PRASAD PANDAC UMASANKARKULANDAIVELU D GSN KOTESWARA RAOE RAJASEKHAR REDDYALAVALA F CHAKRAVARTHI GUNTUPALIG DSNBK PRASANTHH
Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk) A Rich Extract Loaded Floating MicroballoonsAdvance Therapy to Treat and Manage Gastric UlcerRANJITHA M UMA NITHYASHREE RS SHOUVIK KUMAR D SASIPRIYA SVSTANMOY GHOSH KAMATCHI SUNDARA SARAVANAN MOHAMMAD AZAMTHULLA
Effervescent Tablet Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Gong-GongShell Waste (Strombus turturella) SUCI FITRIANI SAMMULIA HASYRUL HAMZAH CHAERUL FADLYMOCHTAR AMELINDA OKTAVIANI
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Design And Development Of Gemcitabine Nanoemulsion For Pulmonary DeliveryMERRYL DrsquoSILVA AFRASIM MOIN RACHNAM KUMAR SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
Association of additive risk of INC I gene with the presence of Diabetes Type 1 andType 2AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Evaluating The Implementation Of The Quality Assurance Agencys Work ProgramAt STAI MU TanjungpinangRUDI HARTONO SYAMSUL BAHRI MAEMUNAH SArsquoDIYAH ENDIN MUJAHIDIN
Evaluation Of Implementation Of Village Middle Education And Training ProgramsIn Batam Health Training Centers (Bapelkes) In Batam City Province Of RiauIslandsENDIN MUJAHIDIN ASMALI RUDI HARTONO
Incidence and types of thyroid tumour in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditisHUSSAIN TAHER ALBAAJ AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
The gender traits of completed suicide committed in unlike periods of the ferganaZAYNITDIN GIYOSOV ULFIDDINKHON MAKHSUMKHONOV IBROKHIMBAKHRIEV SHOKIR BEKNAZAROV JAKHONGIR BEKNAZAROV
The Effect of Giving Yellow Pumkin Seed (C Moschata d) Biscuits on Hemoglobin(Hb) Levels and Zinc (Zn) Status pf Pregnant Women with Chronic EnergyDeficiency in Bone District South SulawesiNGURAH SUKARYA AMINUDDIN SYAM MASNI ABDUL SALAM BURHANUDDINBAHAR SYAMSIAR S RUSSENG
Make-Up Effects Psychological and Sociological PerspectiveALI AL-SAMYDAI MAHA NABU HAJLEH MUSTAFA AKRAM OTHMAN DANAMARIE ENAS ALTATAR HANEEN TAHER RUBA HAMDAN RUAA ALHARAIRYRUDAINA OTHMAN YOUSIF MAHMOOD AL-SAMYDAI
Common side impacts of antibacterial drugs within the treatment of bacterialdiseaseMAVLYANOVA NOZIMA MAMATOVA NODIRA GZAMOVA NAZIFA MUXITDINOVAMAVJUDA SHEROVA ZEBO BURANOVA DILFUZA MUXAMMADJANOVA MADINA
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Determinants of Medication of Hypertension Patients in Urban and Rural Areas ofSouth SulawesiHASLINDAH IDA LEIDA M THAHA HEALTHY HIDAYANTY WAHIDUDDIN ANDIZULKIFLI DARMAWANSYAH
Resolution of Disputes on Illegal Acts by the Authorities in IndonesiaKARTIKA WIDYA UTAMA YUDHITIYA DYAH SUKMADEWI YOS JOHAN UTAMAIRMA CAHYANINGTYAS
Quality by design (QbD) approach for Design and Development ofVortioxetine hydrobromide Multi-dose nasal spray solution for effectivetreatment of depression In-vitro and In-vivo evaluationPRAFUL MGIRADKAR DEEPA HPATEL
Peculiarities Of The Course Of Hypertonic Disease In Residents Living NearUranium MinesAZIMOVA SB BOZORALIEV SHB TALIPOVA NK RAKHMATULLAEV EA
Prevalence of Leishmaniasis (Cutaneous and Visceral) in Basrah Provincebetween 2013 and 2018MANAL ISMAEL KHALEEL
Cytotoxic effect of avocado (Persea americana) seed extract containing quercetinin T47D cells by inducing apoptotic pathway in vitro and in silicoNI PUTU LINDA LAKSMIANI NI NYOMAN SAVITRI MEGA ARWANAWATI PUTU CIAINTANIA WARNAYA ANAK AGUNG GEDE RAI YADNYA PUTRA
The Employment of FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics to IdentifyUnallowed Synthetic Drugs in Herbal ProductDHARMASTUTI CAHYA FATMARAHMI RATNA ASMAH SUSIDARTI RESPATI TRISWASONO ABDUL ROHMAN
COVID-19 Triggers The Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis A Case Report ofUncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes MellitusSULTAN M ALSHAHRANI NAJIM Z ALSHAHRANI KHALED M ALAKHALI
In vivo antigenotoxic potential of sesame oil against cyclophosphamide inducedgenotoxicity and oxidative stress in micePANKAJ TRIPATHI ABDUL AZIZ HAKAMI ABDULRAHAMAN AWAGI ABDULLAHALTAMAR ABDULMAJEED MOHAMMED JALI ABDUL HAKEEM SIDDIQUI
Effect of empowerment of cadres for dental and oral health before and duringpregnancy (Study at Gunung Anyar Sub-district Surabaya Indonesia in 2020)IDA CHAIRANNA MAHIRAWATIE RATIH LARASATI
Evaluation of Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Sansevieria Trifasciata P onAlopecia Androgenic Rabbit MaleHENNY KASMAWATI RESMI MUSTARICHIE ELI HALIMAH RUSLIN
A New Approach for Bioavailability Enhancement of Cefpodoxime as EntericCoated Sustained Release BeadsCSAI KISHAN AFRASIM MOIN P K KULKARNI KALAISELVI R MEENAKSHI SSHARADHA M SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Comparison Of Gas Manreg Simulated Low Flow Anaesthesia With Real-Time UsingSevoflurane - Air Oxygen MixtureDRRAVISHANKARM DRBALASUBRAMANIAN ANUSHA DR VR HEMANTHKUMAR DRSPARTHASARATHY
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Cross-sectional study of the association between polycystic ovarysyndrome and uterine septum anomaliesADNAN AH ALBDAIRI MOHEND AN AL-SHALAH
Improvement of endogenous prevention of dental caries in children in organizedchildrens groupsABDUAZIMOVA LA DINIKULOV ZHA ZAKIRKHANOVA SHA ABBASOVA DBKUCHKAROVA MK MAKHKAMOVA FT
Regulating The Fibroblast Growth Into Critical Size Mandibular Bone Defectvia Demineralized Dentin Material Membrane ImplantationPRATIWI SOESILAWATI AGNES PARAMITHA NASTITI MUHAMMAD ALWINOBAYU FIRDAUZY YULIATI YULIATI NOOR HAYATY ABU KASIM
NEFL gene Expression Analysis in a sample of Iraqi Multiple Sclerosis PatientsHASSAN LAFTA ATIYAH ASMAA MOHAMMED SAUD NAWFAL MADHI SHEAHEED
Ex vivo In-vitro and In-silico Neuroprotective Activity of Selected TraditionalMedicinal Plants- A Reverse Pharmacological ApproachYMEGHANA SRIKANTH JEYABALAN
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University Studentsrsquo Knowledge on Antibiotic Use in Yogyakarta A Cross-Sectional SurveySUSI ARI KRISTINA SHINTA DIVA EKANANDA MAWARDI IHSAN
Study of Effect of Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil massage on Weight Gain inPreterm NeonatesDR NANDIMALLA VINAY KUMAR DRGGAUTHAM DRSRI SUSHMITHA GOLIDRARCHANA S DRPRATIBHAR DRPRATIBHARK DRVENKAT PK
Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
Bioecological traits of the plant indigofera tinctoria l Under introductionconditionsGULKHAYO TURABOEVA ANARJAN MATKARIMOVA AKMAL TURABOEVTURDIYEVA ODINAKHON
Rotavirus vaccination Knowledge and acceptance among mothers in YogyakartaIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA HARDIKA ADITAMA
Metal Complexes of a Novel Schiff Base Based on Cephalexin depictionMolecular Modeling and Biological Efficacy StudyABDUL SALAM ABDUL KAREEM ABDUL RAHMAN REHAB KADHIM RAHEEMALSHEMARY
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A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
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Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
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Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
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Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
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Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
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A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
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Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
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IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
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TLC Bioautography In Vitro Antiradical and Antioxidant Activities of LeavesExtract of Bauhinia Acuminata Linn (Caesalpiniaceae)SUDIPTA CHAKRABORTY NN BALA SUDIPTA DAS
PCOD Overview A Journey from Ayurveda to AllopathyNAYANA KALE DEEPAL TAANK HARSHADA KADAM GAURI KAPHARE SWATITALELE ANIL JADHAV
In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Cost of Illness Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in IndonesiaYUNITA NITA DIAS PUTRI WARDANASARI DIVA ARIADNE CERELIA FITRINURMALASARI TUTUT DWI CAHYATI ABDUL RAHEM LIZA PRISTIANTYMUFARRIHAH
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Identification of Lead Compounds from Plant Secondary Metabolites to TargetNon-Structural Protein (Ns5) of Dengue Virus by Insilico MethodARUNYA M SIMYA R SIVASANKARI M ARUL JAYANTHI A
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Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
Design Development And Evaluation Of Antidiabetc Matrix Tablets Using NaturalAnd Synthetic PolymersHIMABINDU PEDDAPALLI MADHURIKA SIRIGADI MD FAHEEMUDDINRAMKOTESWARA RAO AMARA ANANDA KUMAR CHETTUPALLI
Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Evaluation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing amine fluoride on gingivalstatus - a clinical investigationMUNAZ MULLA MUSHIR MULLA RAJESH KASHYAP SHASHIKANTH HEGDE ARUNKUMAR MAIYA MYTHRI SARPANGALA FAZLUR RAHMAN SAYED
Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
Implementation of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Lung Tuberculosis UsingFuzzy TsukamotoDAHLAN ABDULLAH
Development of urban agglomeration under the influence of driving forcesSHVETS IYU IRINA SHVETS
Effect of Ethanol n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Marsilea crenata PreslLeaves on ERszlig Expressions of Neurons in Estrogen-Deficient Female MiceMANGESTUTIAGIL HENINGLASWATI NENY PURWITASARI RADELLA AULIAADITYARA FRISCHA AYU WIDIASARI
Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
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Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
Incidence of Maxillary Tori and Mandibular Tori in Complete Denture Patients InSDCSSIVAHARINI DR RAKSHAGAN DR VIVEK NARAYAN
Candidiasis Associated with Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus PatientsVisiting A Private Dental InstitutionABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Evaluation of Patients Reporting with Burning Sensation and Non-SpecificClinical Findings to Department of Oral MedicineABARNA JAWAHAR G MARAGATHAVALLI MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Assessment of Effectiveness of Local Anesthesia with And WithoutAdrenaline in Patients with Cardiac DisordersMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARYMANJARI
Anemia as An Etiological Agent for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ARetrospective StudyMANIVASAGAM DEEPIGAA MUTHUKRISHNAN ARVIND CHAUDARY MANJARI
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients Reported to Private DentalInstitutionMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Clinical Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Visiting A Private DentalInstitution - A Retrospective StudyNIVETHITHAR ARCHANA SANTHANAM SP SARAVANA DINESH
Association Between Angles Class Ii Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease - ARetrospective StudyKARTHIGA DEVI GANGA MOORTHY JAIGANESH RAMAMURTHY PRADEEPDHASARATHAN
Comparative Evaluation of Caries Affecting Primary and PermanentMandibular First Molar in Children Visiting A University Dental HospitalPRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN GANESH JEEVANANDAN DHANRAJGANAPATHY
Dental Caries Experience in Children with Congenital Heart Disease VisitingA Private Dental CollegePRIADARSINI T EMG SUBRAMANIAN DHANRAJ GANAPATHY
The Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Variants in An OutpatientPopulation Visiting A Dental CollegeASWANIE DR GHEENAS
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus - A RetrospectiveStudyKARTHIGA DEVIG DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN PRADEEP D
Prevalence of odontogenic keratocysts among patients in a universityhospital settingHARRITAS SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Retrospective Study to Analyze Prevalence of Intravenous and OralAntibiotics in Space Infection AMINA MEHRIN BANO HEMAVATHY OR SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment of Dental Management of Mentally Challenged Patients Treatedin Special Care Dentistry in A Hospital Setting- Retrospective StudyMUKUNDH CHAITHANYAV UMA MAHESWARIT N MANJARI CHAUDHARY
Prevalence of White Spot Lesions in Patients Treated with Fixed OrthodonticAppliancesAMINA MEHRIN BANO SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Evaluation of Factors Leading to Full Mouth Rehabilitation for The PatientsVisiting A Private Dental Hospital A Retrospective StudyKARTHIK EVG SUBHASHREE R UMA MAHESHWARI TN
Prevalence of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion- A Retrospective Study inUniversity SettingVISHNU PRASANNASG SARAVANA DINESH SP
Periodontal Status Among Tobacco Users Visiting A Dental HospitalKIRTANA GOPALASAMY PRADEEP KUMARR PRADEEP D
Surgeonrsquos Preference and Application of Surgicel And Buccal Pad of Fat inPrimary Palatoplasty-A Retrospective StudyFAAZILA FATHIMA SENTHIL MURUGAN P
Prevalence Of Vestibular Recession In Mandibular Incisors After OrthodonticTreatmentAMINA MEHRIN BANO SP SARAVANA DINESH SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Analysis Of Partial Edentulism Of Kennedyrsquos Class Iii Classification Based OnGender And Arch- A Retrospective StudyMOHAMAD QULAM ZAKI BIN MOHAMAD RASIDI KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGANDINESH PRABU
Oral Cancer And Association With Forms Of Tobacco Use Among PatientsVisiting A Dental Institution In Chennai- A Retrospective StudyGOKUL GUNASEKARAN PRADEEP KUMARR SRI RENGALAKSHMI
Quantification of operculectomy procedures performed using laser versussurgical method-an institutional based studyMILONI SURESH SHAH NASHRA KAREEM MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Evaluation Of Incidence Of Palatal Fistula Cases In University HospitalSetting - A Retrospective StudyMILONI SURESH SHAH SENTHIL MURUGAN P MARAGATHAVALLI GOPAL
Knowledge Attitude And Practice Among Undergraduate Dental Students OnPrescription Of Antibiotics In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A SurveyDHANVANTHM1 3 DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN UMA MAHESWARITN
Evaluation Of Condylar Morphology In Skeletal Open Bite And Deep BiteCasesHSRUTHI SRIRENGALAKSHMI
Assessment Of Motor Performance In Right Handed And Left Handed PersonsKAMALLIM GSRIDEVI MRSSSANGEETHA
Awareness About The Effect Of Ocean Warming On Marine SpeciesSNEKAS RGAYATRI DEVI
Applications of biotechnology in waste managementMINFANT RESHAWN DRKAVITHA S ABILASHAR VISHNU PRIYAV GAYATHRI R
Knowledge And Survey On Autism Among ParentsBMADHUMITHA KAVITHA S ABILASHA R VVISHNUPRIYA R GAYATHRI
Does The Lockdown Helps To Build Quality Time Within FamilyDIVYA DHARSHINIA AKANJALI MURALIDHARAN NP
Association Between Eating And Weight Related Disturbances AndDepression Among Adolescent And Young Aged Student PopulationSRIVATCHAVAS KARTHIK GANESH MOHANRAJ VVISHNU PRIYA
Comparison Of Oral Hygiene Status Between Children With And WithoutDeleterious Oral Habits- Case Control StudyPAVITHRA HDAVE MAHESH RAMAKRISHNAN
Prevalence Of Type Of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment Among 18-30 Years ARetrospective StudyJITESHS ARVINA RAJASEKAR MADHULAXMI M
Precautions Taken By The General Public During Covid-19 PandemicAssociated Lockdown Period In The Suburbs Of Chennai City - A SurveyDRNANDINI PALANIVEL DR KEERTHI SASANKA DR S GHEENA DRDHANRAJ GANAPATHY
Association of Crown Discolouration and Pulpal Status of Traumatised PrimaryTooth in 3 to 8 year old children-A Retrospective studyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Prevalence Of Pit And Fissure Caries In Male And Female ChildrenTRISHALA GANESH JEEVANANDAN ARTHI B
Frequency Of Patients Undergoing Tooth Coloured Class 2 Inlay RestorationsAttending A Dental CollegeRACHEL PAUL RAGHU SANDHYA DEEPA GURUNATHAN
A Retrospective Study on Redoing Jaw Relation in Complete DentureNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Occlusal Interferences During Removable Partial Denture Insertion ndash AQuestionnaire SurveyNUR QISTINA BINTI AHMAD FAUZI ASHOK V DEEPA GURUNATHAN
Awareness And Knowledge About Pharmacotherapy Of Angular Cheilitis AmongUg Dental Students In Private Dental College ChennaiVINAYA SWETHAT DRDEEPIKA RAJENDRAN DRKIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
A Retrospective Study On Evaluation Of Patients With Recurrent AphthousStomatitisREVATHIB DEEPIKA RAJENDRAN KIRAN KUMAR PANDURANGAN
Pax Gene Mutations Associated With Cleft Lip And Cleft PalateSUDARSAN R JVIJAYASHREE PRIYADHARSINI ANJANEYULU K
Is Temperature And Relative Humidity Playing A Vital Role In Checking TheSpread Of Covid - 19 Pandemic In IndiaPRANEEKSHAR DRGANESH LAKSHMANAN DRRGAYATRI DEVI
Myristica Fragrans seeds extract mitigate non-motor behavioural deficits andoxidative stress in Rotenone model of Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMUTHUVEL VIJAYAN KANAGASABAPATHY SUMANA RADHAKRISHNAN PRABHUK RAJASANKAR SRINIVASAGAM
An approach of the plant Mesua Ferrea Linn for the venom induced consumptioncoagulopathy (VICC) caused by the snake Echis Carinatus (Russel viper)SIVAKUMARB KAILASAM KOUMARAVELOU
The Effect of Extracts of Annona squamosa on Protoscolices in EchinococcusGranulosus in Vitro and in VivoFADEL YSAL-ARABI MANSOUR ABDULNABI HMEHDI GOZIF MOHAMMEDNOMER AIDAH MALI MAZAHAR FAROOQUI VIDYA PRADHAN
Comparing western therapies with eastern therapies in order to prevent and treatasthma in vietnamDONG THI THAO NGUYEN
Treatment of hepatitis b with the support of phyllanthus urinariaLE MINH QUANG
Applying some effective tharapies and scientific compositions of
passifloraceae in the treatment of neurasthenia HUYNH TAN HOI
Prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute st- elevation myocardialinfarctionDRATPARDESI DRDILIP PPATIL DRRAHUL PATIL DRMAKARAND BMANE
A study to determine angiographic findings in patients of acute coronarysyndrome at teaching HospitalDRMRSPATIL SHILPA DRMRSPATANGE APARNA DRMRSVASANT DEOKARDRMRSKAPALE RJ DRMRS PUJARI BHUPAL
Effect of iron deficiency anemia on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values innon-diabetesDRDANIEL PJHON DRJABBAR DESAI DRAMIT PORWAL DRMRSKAPALE RJDRUTMANE
A study of microalbuminuria in newly detected hypertensive individuals in tertiarycare centreDRSSKULKARNI DRUTMANE DRPUJARI BHUPAL DRRAHUL SPATIL
Chemometrics-Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Paracetamol and Tramadol in Divided Powder DosageFormDINA CHRISTIN AYUNING PUTRI MICHAEL RAHARJA GANI FLORENTINUSDIKA OCTA RISWANTO
Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds inWistar Albinos ratsFATIMA EL KAMARI HASSAN LAAROUSSI DRISS OUSAAID YASSINE EL ATKIAMAL TAROQ IMANE AOUAM BADIAA LYOUSSI ABDELFATTAH ABDELLAOUI
Study of flavanoid determination of uwi sap extract (Dioscorea alataL)NURFITRIANIA META MAHENDRADATTA AMRAN LAGA ZAINAL
a-Glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of butyrolactone I derivedfrom Aspergillus terreus and evaluation of its acute toxicity RIZNA TRIANA DEWI TENI ERNAWATI HANI MULYANI AKHMAD DARMAWANINDAH DWIATMI DEWIJANTI SOFNA BANJARNAHOR TRI YULIANI MARISSAANGELINA SOFA FAJRIAH ABDI WIRA SEPTAMA
HPMC Polymeric System Structural Contribution in Controlling Drug Release inSustained Drug Delivery SystemAJIT KULKARNI VIPUL DHASADE VIVEK INGALE AMIT KASABE ARCHANAYADAV SANTOSH FATTEPUR NAGARAJA SREEHARSHA EBHAVYA
Drug-Induced Acute PancreatitisANURAG LAVEKAR UMESH MARAPPA SWARALI TADWALKAR VIVEKCHAUDHARI
Comparative Study Of Amino Acids Profile Of Eel Fish (Anguilla Bicolor) In TheYellow Eel And Silver Eel Phase From Lake PosoJAMALUDDIN NURrsquoAENI AGUSTINUS WIDODO WA ODE SITTI MUSNINA
Physical Chemistry Characterization of Gelatin on Eel Fish Bone (Anguillamarmorata Q Gaimard) With Various Concentrations of Solvent Base andExtraction TimeJAMALUDDIN AKHMAD KHUMAIDI RAODHATUL JANNA YONELIAN YUYUNAGUSTINUS WIDODO PITRIANI
Correlation between Serum Bisphenol-A Level Luteinizing Hormone (LH)Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) In a Sample of Iraqi Women withPCOS HANEEN SUBHEE SHAHEED WASSAN ABDUL-KAREEM ABBASS SUZANYOUSIF JASIM
The Rationale For Performing Hybrid Mediastinal Lymph Node DissectionBy Transhiatal Access For Thoracic Esophageal CancerDJAKHANGIR SABIROV BAKHTIYOR MADIYOROV ABDUGAFFAR RASULOVNIZOM ERMATOV ORZIGUL YUSUPOVA
Effect Of Dietary And Lifestyle Transitions On Functional Immune SystemSARAH MOHAMED R S UPENDRA SHRADDHA BIJALWAN VAISHNAVI BHAGWANBOPTE ABHINASH KUMAR GIRI
Title Updates on community pharmacistsrsquo involvement in tuberculosis program inIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity and DPPH radical scavenging Assay ofisolated compound from Etlingera rubroloba (Blume) AD Poulsen stemASRIULLAH JABBAR SUBAGUS WAHYUONO I SAHIDIN IKA PUSPITASARI
2d-Qsar Study Of Synthesized Novel Derivatives Of 134-OxadiazolesSOMASHEKHAR M R B KOTNAL S R KARAJAGI
Molecular and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric determination ofFurosemide via complex formation with Chromium ionKHITAM JABER NABHAN ABBAS SHEBEEB HASAN AL-KADUMI JWAN ODAYABDULSATTAR
Direct and Indirect Cost of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia A PrevalenceBased Study with Human Capital ApproachSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI ANNA WAHYUNIWIDAYANTI
Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds Oil of Agricultural Wastein MalaysiaSHAKINAZ DESA ASAAD ABBAS KHALAF SYARUL NATAQAIN BINTIBAHARUM MUSTAFA MUDHAFAR
Tribulus terrestris Linn Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced By Monosodium-Glutamate An In Vivo EvidenceGOMATHI SWAMINATHAN SRIKANTH JUPUDI SATHISH R ROSHAN NS
Clinical and experimental value of integrated lymphatic therapy in nonspecificulcerative colitisYULDOSHALI EGAMOV AKHTAM RUZIYEV SARVAR KHAIDAROV GULISHAYKHOVA ADILBEK RAJABOV NIZOM ERMATOV
Protective Effects of Antagonism of Interleukin-1 Receptors in 3-nitropropionicAcid Provoked Huntington Disease-Related SymptomsSURBHI GUPTA BHUPESH SHARMA
The Correlation between Serum Iron Level and Transferrin Saturation withReticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent (RET-He) in Routine HemodialysisMOHAMMAD RUDIANSYAH RUDI SUPRIYADI LEONARDO LUBIS RIABANDIARA ABDUL HADI MARTAKUSUMAH RULLY MARSIS AMIRULLAHROESLI DEDI RACHMADI
Antileukotriene Drugs in The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in ChildrenMIRRAKHIMOVA MAKTUBA XABIBULLAYEVNA ABDULLAEVA DILOROMTELMANOVNA ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ GAYRATOVNA SAGDULLAYEVA MAFURAABDUKARIMOVNA ABDULLAYEVA MUXLISA MASRUROVNA
Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate Versus Normal Saline in the Prevention ofContrast-Induced Nephropathy among Cardiac Patients A Cohort Study in SaudiArabia SIREEN ABDULRAHIM SHILBAYEH ATHEER MUSAAD BIN HAMEED MAYMOHAMMED ALOWAYEDH RAGHAD ABDULMOHSEN ABAHUSSAIN HAYA ALIMUKHAYLIB HIND KHALID SID AHMED
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effect on Quality of Life among AdolescentPopulation A Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia SIREEN A SHILBAYEH WEDYAN A ALHUSSAIN ALANOUD S ALHIBS NAJLA GALMALKI NOUF A ALMAJHAD SAMAR T NOURI SARAH M ALSALEH
Maximal Matching in Fractal Graphs and Its ApplicationPTHARANIYA GJAYALALITHA
Anticancer properties of hymecromone-derived compounds A reviewNOORA THAMER ABDULAZIZ YASSER FAKRI MUSTAFA
Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of new 15-Benzodiazepine derivatives contain Cyclic imides and Mannich basesMALATH KHALAF RASHEED DIANA ABDALKREEMAL-RIFAIE DHAMER ISMAELMADAB
Componential Description Of Medicated Foams A ReviewHAYDER HUSSEIN ALWAN HANAN JALAL KASSAB
Molecular Study Of The TG Gene Polymorphisms In Patients WithHashimotorsquos Thyroiditis Among Iraqis PopulationBASMAN A NADHIM ABBAS G HAMMED HAYDER O HASHIM NAZAR JMETIB
Comparative genetic study for some species of the family Poaceae using theRAPD molecular indicatorSALWAH HAMZA HUSSEIN AL-HASSNWY RUQAYA MANOON HASAN AL-NOMANI
Quercetin Isolated from Dried Ginkgo Biloba leaves with the PhytochemicalScreeningFARQAD M BAQER BASSAM A HASSAN FADIL MOHSEN HAMED
Therapeutic efficacy of protein compound extractionfromMetapenaeusaffinisagainst glucosamine sulphate-induced nephrotoxicity inmale ratsAMAL KABBAS
Evaluation of HER2-Neu status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situhybridization as a prognostic factor in gastric and gastro-esophageal cancerEAMAN SUUD KHALIFA AYSER HAMEED LATIF
Can IL1szlig and IL10 levels assessment in endometrial secretion predict pregnancyoutcome after ICSI A prospective studyTAIF EIMAD AHMED FADIA J AL-IZZI QAYS AHMED MAHDI
Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and its complexes with some metal ions and Their FluorescenceStudyINAM HASHIM IBRAHIM HASAN A HASAN
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Al-Anbar Governorate Western of IraqIBRAHIM NS AL-KAISSI SAAD M SHUKR MARWA A KUBBA
New Polymeric Coii Niii And Cdii Complexes With Tetrazole Schiff-Base LigandsSynthesis Spectral Characterisation And Biological ActivityRIYADH M AHMED BAIDAA K AL-RUBAYE NASRY J HUSSIEN ENAAM I YOUSIFHASAN A HASAN MOHAMAD J AL-JEBOORI
Evaluation of the Cytocompatibility of Novel Gingival Retraction Pastes based onBoswellia papyrifera
HIBA A SALMAN MANHAL A MAJEED EAMAN A AL-RUBAEE
Isolation and genotyping of local Toxoplasma gondii strains in infected chickenABDULRAZZAQ MOHAMMED HAMOOD ALI MOHAMMED ABED
Preparation and characterization of diazepam loaded nanomicelles for pediatricintravenous dose adjustmentMUHANNAD SALAH AL RADHI MOHAMMED SABAR AL-LAMI ENAS ABDULSAHIB
Baseline Widal Titre Amongst the Healthy Individuals from Western RuralMaharashtraIndia DR RAVINDRA V SHINDE ANJALI R SHINDE DR S T MOHITE DR SANDEEPB SHINDE DR S K PAWAR DR S R PATIL
IoT BASED CPAP MACHINEJPREMKUMAR TSUDHAKAR ABDULLAH S ABHIJIT GOSWAMI EKAVITHA
To the Problem of Fungal Pathology in the Hot Climate in Children and AdultsSHAIKHOVA GULI ERMATOV NIZOM ABDULLAEVA DILAFRUZ ABDULLAEVADILOROM YUSUPOVA ORZIGUL ALLAYEVA MUNIRA
Effect of Tender Coconut Water on Experimental Urolithiasis An In Vitro StudyGAYATRI S SOWNDARYA S KARTHIKEYAN G
Development and Optimization of Multiple-Unit Floating Drug Delivery System ofPregabalin Using Quality by Design (QbD) ApproachMONIKA KHARB YSTANWAR
Dissolution profile comparison of two marketed Favipiravir tabletsSANDEEP KHATALE CHAUDHARI NIKHIL SURESH ANAGHA UPASANINILAM BHUSARE
Development of a Tool to Assess the Safe and Quality Use of ImmunizationJUNY SEBASTIAN GURUMURTHY PARTHASARATHI MANDYAM DHATI RAVI
Effectiveness of Olive Oil Massage on Post Caesarean Pain and Quality of Sleepamong Primigravida MothersPRIYADARSINIA REVATHIPG
Assessment of the Quality of Life and the Level of Depression in Patients withChronic Kidney Disease on Programmed HemodialysisAKSNA M KARDANGUSHEVA LILIYA V ELGAROVA ZARINA A SHUGUSHEVAIRINA H ALMOVA SOFIAT KH SIZHAZHEVA
The Expression of Immunohistochemistry IL-10 And IL-18 On Helminth-InfectedMice Treated With The Extract Of Areca catechu LENDY JULI ANTO AZNAN LELO SYAFRUDDIN ILYAS MARLINE NAINGGOLAN
Evaluation of Basic Plants in The Bank of Healthy Potato Varieties in The NorthernRegion and The High Mountain ZoneOVES EV
An objective assessment of the importance of regions for beekeeping based onmelliferous resources and ambient temperatureVNKULAKOV AGMANNAPOV
Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosaceain Iraqi PatientsSAMER A DHAHER
Construction and Validation of Ayurveda Health Assessment Questionnaire(AHAQ) Based on Characteristics of Health (Arogya Linga) Mentioned by AcharyaKashyapa DR SAURABH AGRAWAL DRSHIVAKUMAR DRMBKAVITHA DRASHA KP
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Film Loaded with IbuprofenNanoparticlesVISHAL B RAWAL AFRASIM MOIN SUBHAM JAIN N AMIT B PATILMEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Orodispersible Tablets ContainsIbuprofen Loaded Microfiber for Better In-Vitro DissolutionSUBHAM JAIN N AFRASIM MOIN VISHAL B RAWAL AMIT B PATIL MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S DV GOWDA
Co-Amorphous Based Supersaturated Urea-Losartan Potassium TransdermalFormulation For HypertensionNANHI NANDINI AFRASIM MOIN ROHINI BHATTACHARYA MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISHBABU P NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Characterization and Formulation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System ofPiroxicamROHINI BHATTACHARYA AFRASIM MOIN NANHI NANDINI MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH SATHISH BABU P NITHIN KS D V GOWDA
Identifying gene clusters as signature biomarkers for predictingmethotrexate effectiveness and potential side effects during RheumatoidArthritis therapyANAS KHALEEL AFNAN MEQBEL ROWAN ALEJIELAT YAZAN SBATARSEH ABDALLAH A ELBAKKOUSH BAYAN Y GHANIM CRISTINA IBATARSEH NIDAL A QINNA
Recent Trends on Regulatory Aspects of Nanotechnology in IndianPharmaceutical MarketDAKA NAGARJUNA REDDY DR MAHAVEER SINGH DR BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVADR KONDA RAVI KUMAR
Toxicopathological And Biochemical Impacts Of 2378 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-
Dioxin ( TCDD ) On Liver Of Albino Male RatsANAS AHUMADI SAMER I SABEEH BUSHRA I AL-KAISEI ALI IBRAHIM ALI AL-EZZY
Characterisation Of Encapsulated Beta Vulgaris LinnDry Powder Extract InChitosanSANGGITA AYU IKASARI ANITA SUKMAWATI
The effect of giving wamerose juice for high blood pressure of patientshypertension in PalembangMUZAKAR LISTRIANAH PRATIWI BI AHMAD FUDHOLI
Antimalarial Properties of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subspHygroscopicus Secondary Metabolite Active Fractions In Silico and In VivoAnalysisLOEKI E FITRI AJENG M PUTRI NABILA E ERWAN FITRIA F PUTRI RIVO YB NUGRAHA TEGUH W SARDJONO KANA MARDHIYYAH DIO G ARIELICHA F D FARATISHA SUCIATI BACHTIAR R P IHSAN SRI WINARSIH
Identification of foodborne pathogens and antibacterial activity of ethanolicextract of Alangium salviifoliumMOUNICA SURA SREENATH KONANKI SREEYAPUREDDY ANITHA DS RAOJAYASIMHA RAYALU DADDAM
Analytical Method Validation and Determination of Genistein Daidzein andGlycitein in Soybean Milk by RP-HPLC MethodFLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA RISWANTO ABDUL ROHMAN SUWIDJIYOPRAMONO SUDIBYO MARTONO
Therapeutic effect of Valproic acid in conjunction with physical rehabilitation inthe treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type II TAMER EMAM ELNEGAMY HISHAM MEGAHED SAFY ELDIN M ABO ALI HANANH BATTESHA MARIAN M SHAFE
Assessment amp comparison of hepatoprotective potential of indigenoustherapeutic flora by using tetrachloromethane encouraged liver toxicity in Albino(Wister strain) rodent model GAURAV KUMAR SHARMA MEENAKSHI DHANAWAT RAHUL LODHA KAMALKUMAR GOYAL JAI KUMAR PARETA
Weapon Against Epilepsy Acorus Calamus Itrsquos PhytochemistryEthnopharmacology And Pharmacological ActionsVIKAS SHARMA CHANDANA MAJEE SHIVANI SAXENA RAJNISH KUMARSALAHUDDIN AVIJIT MAZUMDER
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of A compound Produced by AnEndophytic Fungus Isolated from The Leaves of Coleus amboinicus LourPUJI ASTUTI ROLLANDO ROLLANDO DWI KOKO PRATOKO SUBAGUSWAHYUONO ARIEF NURROCHMAD
Effects Antihiperglycemic of Sembung (Blumea balsamifera L) Leaf EthanolExtract on Blood Glucose and Pancreas Histopathology in Hyperglycemic MaleWistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus)SRI WAHJUNI NI WAYAN BOGORIANI HAFSIAH AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Successful treatment of acquired Severe Aplastic Anemia with AutologousCord Blood Transplantation case report and literature reviewGHOLAMREZA BAHOUSH ZAHRA SOHEILIRAD JAVAD BALASI
Quantification of Naproxen Sodium in biological sample by using UPLC-MSMSmethodSUMITHRA M AYSHA JADEERA K A YAMINI R VIJEY AANANDHI M
A Questionnaire Based Study To Assess The Awareness And KnowledgeAbout P Drug Concept And Rational Use Of Medicine Among Third YearMedical StudentsDRVIRENDRA KUSHWAHA DR POOJA AGRAWAL DR PUSHPENDRAPUSHKAR DR MANGESHKUMAR TRIPATHI DR SARITA SINGH
Safe Use of Ocular Nanosuspension GNANASAMPATH MADHAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Oxadiazoles Combined with theNucleus of BenzothiazoleVISHAL KUMAR SATISH KUMAR SHARMA RIZWAN AHMAD
Laparoscopic Two Stage FowlerndashStephens Orchiopexy For High IntraabdominalUndescended TestisDRMARYAM JABBAR GHAZI DRWASEEM AHMAD ELKATIB JASSIM ABDULHASSAN AL MAYALI ALAA JUMAAH MANJI NASRAWI
The effect of Antibacterial Drugs on the Formation Salmonella BiofilmsEKATERINA LENCHENKO VAN KHAI YURY VATNIKOV
Perception of Physicians and Nurses towards Clinical Pharmacy Services (CPSs)at oncology care setting A hospital based Observational SurveyMANJULA GUDHOOR MADIWALAYYA SHIVAKANTAYYA GANACHARI
A Prospective Study Of Drug Utilization Pattern Among Paediatrics And AnalysingWho Prescribing Indicators In A South Indian Government District HeadquartersHospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S THIRUPATHY KUMARESAN P KEERTHIYURENIKKA J ARUMUGAVIGNESH M PAUL MCGRATH R
Corn Fiber Gum as a Potential Platform for the Preparation of BioadhesiveFloating Tablets of DomperidoneBHUMIKA MANGLA ANUREKHA JAIN DEEPINDER SINGH MALIK
Antisecretory Effect of Centella Asiatica Leaves Ethanolic Extract againstPyloric Ligation Induced Gastric Ulcers on Rats DADANG IRFAN HUSORI POPI PATILAYA MARIANNE FERA HADELINA
Clinical and biochemical evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy forhereditary motor neuronal neuropathy in childrenBERDIBAEVA SAODAT ULUGBEKOVNA MADJIDOVA YAKUTKHONNABIEVNA
Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve Analysis Pregabalin Therapy in Patients with CentralPost-Stroke Neuropathic PainBANGUNAWATI RAHAJENG IWAN DWIPRAHASTO ZULLIES IKAWATI TRI MURTIANDAYANI
Cost of illness of hemodialysis in Indonesia A survey from eight hospitalsin IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI HARDIKAADITAMA
Potential of Endophytic Bacteria in Promote Germination of Local Aromatic RiceSeeds in Kamba Central Sulawesi IndonesiaSRI SUDEWI AMBO ALA BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI MUH FARID BDR ABDULRAHIM SALEH RATNAWATI RATNAWATI
Development and Evaluation of Ferulic Acid Loaded Chitosan Gel for WoundHealingFATHIMA SAFA PA SHONA SARA SHAJI NAVAMIMRAJAN NAMBIAR RAKHI RAJUPRATIK ANUPRIYA MAHESH
Sensory Evaluation of Nastar Cookies with Addition of Peanut (Arachis HypogaeaL) and Mung Bean Flour Substitution (Vigna Radiata L) as High Vegetable ProteinSnackPUTU CANDRIASIH WERRY ASLINDA FITRIYANI ADHYANTI BOHARI
Rutin trihydrate loaded liposomal gel formulation and characterizationDIVYANSHI SHARMA SUKIRTI UPADHYAY PRASHANT UPADHYAY
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
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A Retrospective Qualitative Study on Pharmacotherapeutic Management ofCoronary Artery Disease Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Discussion onComprehensive Role of Clinical Pharmacist In Clinical PracticeABHARATH KUMAR MSUMASHANKAR
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Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
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Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
Assessment Of Drug Compliance And Targeted Pharmacist Intervention In AcuteIschemic Stroke PatientVARSHITHA NAKKA SUREKHA PUSAPATI AJAY MANUKONDA DR SKUMARAVELU VARA PRASAD SAKA
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Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk) A Rich Extract Loaded Floating MicroballoonsAdvance Therapy to Treat and Manage Gastric UlcerRANJITHA M UMA NITHYASHREE RS SHOUVIK KUMAR D SASIPRIYA SVSTANMOY GHOSH KAMATCHI SUNDARA SARAVANAN MOHAMMAD AZAMTHULLA
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Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
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Determinants of Medication of Hypertension Patients in Urban and Rural Areas ofSouth SulawesiHASLINDAH IDA LEIDA M THAHA HEALTHY HIDAYANTY WAHIDUDDIN ANDIZULKIFLI DARMAWANSYAH
Resolution of Disputes on Illegal Acts by the Authorities in IndonesiaKARTIKA WIDYA UTAMA YUDHITIYA DYAH SUKMADEWI YOS JOHAN UTAMAIRMA CAHYANINGTYAS
Quality by design (QbD) approach for Design and Development ofVortioxetine hydrobromide Multi-dose nasal spray solution for effectivetreatment of depression In-vitro and In-vivo evaluationPRAFUL MGIRADKAR DEEPA HPATEL
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Prevalence of Leishmaniasis (Cutaneous and Visceral) in Basrah Provincebetween 2013 and 2018MANAL ISMAEL KHALEEL
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COVID-19 Triggers The Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis A Case Report ofUncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes MellitusSULTAN M ALSHAHRANI NAJIM Z ALSHAHRANI KHALED M ALAKHALI
In vivo antigenotoxic potential of sesame oil against cyclophosphamide inducedgenotoxicity and oxidative stress in micePANKAJ TRIPATHI ABDUL AZIZ HAKAMI ABDULRAHAMAN AWAGI ABDULLAHALTAMAR ABDULMAJEED MOHAMMED JALI ABDUL HAKEEM SIDDIQUI
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Evaluation of Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Sansevieria Trifasciata P onAlopecia Androgenic Rabbit MaleHENNY KASMAWATI RESMI MUSTARICHIE ELI HALIMAH RUSLIN
A New Approach for Bioavailability Enhancement of Cefpodoxime as EntericCoated Sustained Release BeadsCSAI KISHAN AFRASIM MOIN P K KULKARNI KALAISELVI R MEENAKSHI SSHARADHA M SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
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Cross-sectional study of the association between polycystic ovarysyndrome and uterine septum anomaliesADNAN AH ALBDAIRI MOHEND AN AL-SHALAH
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Regulating The Fibroblast Growth Into Critical Size Mandibular Bone Defectvia Demineralized Dentin Material Membrane ImplantationPRATIWI SOESILAWATI AGNES PARAMITHA NASTITI MUHAMMAD ALWINOBAYU FIRDAUZY YULIATI YULIATI NOOR HAYATY ABU KASIM
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Ex vivo In-vitro and In-silico Neuroprotective Activity of Selected TraditionalMedicinal Plants- A Reverse Pharmacological ApproachYMEGHANA SRIKANTH JEYABALAN
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University Studentsrsquo Knowledge on Antibiotic Use in Yogyakarta A Cross-Sectional SurveySUSI ARI KRISTINA SHINTA DIVA EKANANDA MAWARDI IHSAN
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Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
Bioecological traits of the plant indigofera tinctoria l Under introductionconditionsGULKHAYO TURABOEVA ANARJAN MATKARIMOVA AKMAL TURABOEVTURDIYEVA ODINAKHON
Rotavirus vaccination Knowledge and acceptance among mothers in YogyakartaIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA HARDIKA ADITAMA
Metal Complexes of a Novel Schiff Base Based on Cephalexin depictionMolecular Modeling and Biological Efficacy StudyABDUL SALAM ABDUL KAREEM ABDUL RAHMAN REHAB KADHIM RAHEEMALSHEMARY
In Vitro Quantitative Assessment of Viability of Echinococcus granulosusProtoscoleces after Treatment with Ruta graveolens L Methanolic Extract YASEEN TAHA AL QAISI KHALED M KHLEIFAT SAWSAN ATALLAH ORAN
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
Effect of the polymeric matrix on the physicochemical properties of the Diclofenacsodium loaded fibers in Orodispersible TabletsSURABHI C AFRASIM MOIN GIRISH S H MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAHPREETHI S NITHIN K S DVGOWDA
Gene therapy by studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism(rs11886868 amp rs766432) at the BcL11A gene on the severity of beta-thalassemiadisease in the province of AL-NajafHANAN A ABLAA WISAM NAJI ATIYAH AL-MEHANA IBTIHAL KAREEM MAHDITHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN
Multidose studies in rabbits for determining pharmacokinetic andpharmacodynamic interactions of gliclazide with nutraceuticalROJA RANI BUDHA SANTHRANI THAAKUR GSN KOTESWARA RAOLAVANYA YAIDIKAR RAVI MANNE SV SAI KUMAR SKNASEEB BASHA
The consequences of the pharmaceutical management method according to thetype of hospital facilitySAMIHA BENZEKRI AMINE CHEIKH MOHAMMED ADNANE EL WARTITI AHMEDBENNANA
Development of Esomeprazole Mucoadhesive Timerx TabletsEBY GEORGE ANJALI K BIJU FATHIMA MEETHIAN LINTA BENNY SUVARNAVARGHESE
An Overview on Modern Drug Delivery Nanotechnology for the Management ofAcne VulgrisAISHWARYA REDDY KARTHICK RAMAN SURESHKUMAR
A Review on Liquisolid Technique in the Preparation of Oral Disintegrating TabletsVISHRATH N PREETHI S SHEETAL MJ
Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
Synthesis and Antifungal assay of Analogs Curcumin Dibenzilyden-N-Methyl-4-Piperidone and Dibenzilyden-4-PiperidoneRITMALENI TESIA AISYAH RAHMANIA PRASHINTA NITA DAMAYANTI ERNAPRAWITA SETYOWATI
The Influence of Leadership on Postpartum Service Coverage When MidwivesCollaborate with NursesADRIANA PALIMBO ANDI UMMU SALMAH RIDWAN AMIRUDDIN AMINUDDINSYAM AHMAD SYAHLANI ANGGRITA SARI DEDE MAHDIYAH
Knowledge and events of young married age in west sulawesi provinceAHMADY IRMA MUSLIMIN ANWAR MALLONGI
Comparison Of Warm Water Compresses And Distractions To Reduction Of PainIn Reumatic PatientsSYAHRIR NURUL FUADY FITRYANIA
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Hygiene Sanitation and Stunting Among Children Under Two Years (0 ndash 23)Months in Central SulawesiDEDI MAHYUDIN SYAM HERLINA SSUNUH AMSAL ANWAR MALLONGI
Minangkabau matrilineal society perception of pregnant womens health servicesDEVI SYARIEF ANDI ZULKIFLI ABDULLAH SURIAH HEALTHY HIDAYANTYGUSLINDA ULFA SURYANI YOLA YOLANDA
Internet addiction and its relationship to academic achievement motivationtowards middle schoolAFKAR FADHIL KAREEM FARHANLAAIZ LUAY ABDULWAHID SHIHAB
Method Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-MassSpectrometric Method (LC-MS) for the Simultaneous Determination of Darunavir inHuman PlasmaDRDAKILADEVI MRSINDIRA PRIYADARSHINI
Analysis Contens of Natrium Benzoate and Sorbic AcidIn Beverage Snack Sold atSDN Karang Tengah Tangerang CityYUSNIDAR YUSUF MOH RAMDHAN NURHABIBAH
The Effect of Corn Hair Tea on Increasing Breast Milk Production in BreastfeedingMothers in the Work Area of the Community Health Center of Kota SelatanGorontalo CityNANCY OLII NURNANINGSIH ALI ABDUL IKA SUHERLIN PUSPITA SUKMAWATIRASYID
GC-MS profiling of white and pink flowers of Catharanthus roseus grown underharsh environmentPRAVEJ ALAM
Cyanidin 3-O-(6rsquo-Malonylglucoside) as an Inhibitor of Oestrogen Receptor Beta (ErBeta) - An Insilico ApproachANUSHAB JAYNTHY CHELLAM
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Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
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Synthesis Characterization of Diazepine-Bicycles System and Study of their Bio-BehaviorDR NAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI RABAB MAHDI UBAID MAHMOOD
Chalcone-Heterocyclic Derivatives (Synthesis Spectral Identification MicrobialEvaluation)HUTHAM ABD ALI ABD AL HUSSAIN DRNAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI
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A Novel Biometric Recognition System for FingerprintUsing Polar HarmonicTransformANLI SHERINE DRGENO PETER
Henry Girouxs Progressive Educational thought in the Perspective of EducationalPhilosophyNUR KHASANAH FATAH SYUKUR ABDUL WAHIB ACHMAD IRWAN HAMZANIHAVIS ARAVIK
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Validation of Real Time PCR (TaqMan) Approach in Diagnosing Patients withTuberculosis in Northeast of IranMALIHEH BEHBODI GRO MEHRI HOSSEINI LEILA MANZOURI ASGHAR SHARIFISEYED ABDOLRAHIM REZAEE OWRANG EILAMI SEYED REZA KHOSRAVANISEYED ABDOLMAJID KHOSRAVANI
Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
Development And Validation Of In-Vitro Dissolution Method For Estimation OfEmtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate And Efavirenz In Tablet Dosage Formby UHPLCNIMIT VASA DRBHAVESH PATEL PARTH PATEL SAGAR SOLANKI
P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
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Morphological and ITS Based Characterization of Some Important Fungi Isolatedfrom Desert Soil under Harsh environmentTHAMER HALBALAWI
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
The Clinical Cruciality of Resistin in the Emanation of Polycystic Ovary Syndromein Female Individuals and Its Prediction HAAEL SUBHI ABBAS
Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
The Potential Effect of Metformin Therapy on Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio inPatients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus A New HorizonMOHANAD ADEL MOHAMMED NAWAR R HUSSIEN MARWA S AL-NIEMIHAYDER M ALKURAISHY
Juridical Study on the Dissolution of Religious Activities by CommunityOrganizationsIDIANTO NYOMAN SERIKAT PUTRA JAYA ASEP NANA MULYANA
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A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
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Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
Effect of Long Exposure Against Quantity and Quality of DNA in ToothpickSamples as an Alternative for Individual IdentificationBETA NOVIA RIZKY MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA AMIATUN RUTH AHMADYUDIANTO
Application of Strict Liability Concept to Companies that Commit Crimes ofEnvironmental DestructionARSHINTA FITRI DIYANI ARIEF HIDAYAT RETNO SARASWATI
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Hepatic Encephalopathy Precipitated By Sepsis and Outcome of Its ManagementANUSHA NARAYANAN RAMA P VENU RENJITHA BHASKARAN ROSHNI PR
Enrichment of Gut Ecosystem by Daily Supplementation of Selective ProbioticStrains and Probiotic Complex in Dysbiosis Condition of AutismKSUNAND GKRISHNA MOHAN VASUDHA BAKSHI
Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
Assessing Patient Satisfaction with Community Pharmacy Services in Yogyakarta
IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
Perception of Stroke Warning Symptoms in At-Risk Patients SOMSAK THOJAMPA SIRIKANOK KLANKHAJHON WUTTICHAI SAHATTECHOORAWAN PAIROJWOOTTIPONG JIRAPA JUNBUA
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Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Nanoemulsion Containing Mixed HerbalExtract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic RatsERINDYAH R WIKANTYASNING NURCAHYANTI WAHYUNINGTYAS SHARIDAFAKURAZI MUHAMMAD DArsquoI
The Effectiveness of Phosphate Solvent Rhizosphere Bacteria in Stimulating theGrowth of Rice PlantsA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI MASNIAWATI A YANI
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Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Film Loaded With Ibuprofen for BuccalDeliveryMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H AFRASIM MOIN SHAILESH T YASHAS M S AMIT BPATIL MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
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Physicochemical Characterization Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities ofConjugated Chitosan-Ferulic Acid on Various Radical Initiators SystemKHOIRUN NISA MUSLIH ANWAR NURINA INDIRAYATI WIDA BANARKUSUMANINGRUM
TLC Bioautography In Vitro Antiradical and Antioxidant Activities of LeavesExtract of Bauhinia Acuminata Linn (Caesalpiniaceae)SUDIPTA CHAKRABORTY NN BALA SUDIPTA DAS
PCOD Overview A Journey from Ayurveda to AllopathyNAYANA KALE DEEPAL TAANK HARSHADA KADAM GAURI KAPHARE SWATITALELE ANIL JADHAV
In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Hofbauer Cells and Nuclear Factor of Kappa Beta on Rats Placenta that BlackCarbon ExposureWAHYU HARGIYANTO VISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN WIDJIATI WIDJIATI EPYMUHAMMAD LUQMAN
Cost of Illness Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in IndonesiaYUNITA NITA DIAS PUTRI WARDANASARI DIVA ARIADNE CERELIA FITRINURMALASARI TUTUT DWI CAHYATI ABDUL RAHEM LIZA PRISTIANTYMUFARRIHAH
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Identification of Lead Compounds from Plant Secondary Metabolites to TargetNon-Structural Protein (Ns5) of Dengue Virus by Insilico MethodARUNYA M SIMYA R SIVASANKARI M ARUL JAYANTHI A
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Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
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Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Evaluation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing amine fluoride on gingivalstatus - a clinical investigationMUNAZ MULLA MUSHIR MULLA RAJESH KASHYAP SHASHIKANTH HEGDE ARUNKUMAR MAIYA MYTHRI SARPANGALA FAZLUR RAHMAN SAYED
Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
Implementation of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Lung Tuberculosis UsingFuzzy TsukamotoDAHLAN ABDULLAH
Development of urban agglomeration under the influence of driving forcesSHVETS IYU IRINA SHVETS
Effect of Ethanol n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Marsilea crenata PreslLeaves on ERszlig Expressions of Neurons in Estrogen-Deficient Female MiceMANGESTUTIAGIL HENINGLASWATI NENY PURWITASARI RADELLA AULIAADITYARA FRISCHA AYU WIDIASARI
Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
Biological activities of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub flowers on skin carecosmeticsNARIN KAKATUM YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
Development and Validation of Absorbance Subtraction Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Atorvastatin Calcium and Sildenafil Using UV SpectrophotometerSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation ofAtorvastatin Calcium and SildenafilSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
Study the Incidence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among PregnantWomen in Basrah-IraqISMAAL JMIA ABAS SHEREEN AL-ALI
Stability of Dexamethasone Oral Liquid FormulationsMALATHE A ALSHAWI NAWAR ADDAI MOHAMMED SATTAR MAZIN N MOUSABADER S ALABDULLAH
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
Diagnosis of Rota Virus Infection in Mosul Pediatric Hospitals UsingImmunological and Molecular MethodsJALAL MOHAMMED ZUHDI JALAL ANWAR SALIH SAIHOOD AREEJ SALIHSAIHOOD
Detection of lead in soil and Ziziphusspina-christi in Mosul city northern of IraqIYAD ABID ALMUHSIN AHMED HUSEEIN REYAM NAJI AJMI ESTABRAQMOHAMMED ATI3 HUDA FAROOQ ZAKI
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Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
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E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
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Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Orodispersible Tablets ContainsIbuprofen Loaded Microfiber for Better In-Vitro DissolutionSUBHAM JAIN N AFRASIM MOIN VISHAL B RAWAL AMIT B PATIL MEENAKSHI SSIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S DV GOWDA
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Cost of illness of hemodialysis in Indonesia A survey from eight hospitalsin IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI HARDIKAADITAMA
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Sensory Evaluation of Nastar Cookies with Addition of Peanut (Arachis HypogaeaL) and Mung Bean Flour Substitution (Vigna Radiata L) as High Vegetable ProteinSnackPUTU CANDRIASIH WERRY ASLINDA FITRIYANI ADHYANTI BOHARI
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Vaccination prior to initiation of anti-TNF therapyNADA ALSALEH
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Out-Patient Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices Using WHO Prescribing Indicators VINEELA CHADALAVADA MANOHAR BABU S BALAMURUGAN K
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
Studying Effective Means and Ways to Specifically Prevent Brucellosis in SmallCattleMAXIM A KOSAREV ALEXEY M FOMIN GULNARA M SAFINA YANA A BOGOVALILIYA A TUKHVATULLINA RAMIL Y NASIBULLIN RUFIYA G KARIMOVA
The Use of Sorbents for Intoxication of Chickens with ImidaclopridVLADISLAV I EGOROV DAMIR V ALEYEV ANDREY V MALANEV KADRIA FKHALIKOVA GULNARA G GALYAUTDINOVA GUZALIYA R YAMALOVA ANNA MTREMASOVA ILNUR R KADIKOV ALEXANDER M SAIFUTDINOV EDUARD ISEMENOV EDUARD A SHURALEV SERGEY YU SMOLENTSEV
Preoperative adjuvant gabapentin with dexamethasone compared todexamethasone alone for postoperative analgesia in cholecystectomyMRS ZAINAB NAJIM ABDUL-NABI (MSC) DR ASIA ABDULLAH (PHD) DRALIGALIB MOHAMMED REDHA
Studies of DNA Linking Capacity Form Spectroscopic and Valuation ofHydrophobicity cytotoxicity and Antibacterial activities for Some New Fe(II)Complexes Bearing ONN Donors Amino Acid Schiff basesREHABKADHIM RAHEEM AL-SHEMARY AHLAAM J ZAIER LAMIA SASHOOR
Genetic Diversity and Chemical Composition of Juniperus phoenicea LReflect on Its Antimicrobial ActivityENAS MAL-KHLIFEH KHALED M KHLEIFAT NAFE AL-TAWARAH MUHAMADO AL-LIMOUN ADEL H ABDEL-GHANI KHALID ALSHARAFA HAITHAMQARALLEH
Effect of oral isotretinoin on retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell layerthicknessDRJASMITA SATAPATHY DR PRADEEP KUMAR PANIGRAHI DR BIKASHRANJAN KAR
Caries severity dental knowledge and behavior among a group of childrenattending Preventive Clinic College of Dentistry University of BasrahSARAH W AL-ABBASI ADIL G FADIL ALAA H ABED
Retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment of patients withdiscospondylogenic radiculopathy and myelopathyYULDASHEV RAVSHAN KURBANOV ULUGrsquoBEK
Hand Sanitizer A healthy weapon to fight against COVID -19KAMAL SHAH SUMIT CHHABRA NAGENDRA SINGH CHAUHAN
Formulation And Evaluation Of Self-Microemulsifying Dispersible Tablets OfIbuprofenDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE AFRASIM MOIN NIRMALA NAYAK PREETHI SMEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH NITHIN K S D V GOWDA
Antioxidant activity total phenolic flavonoid content in Simarouba glauca leaves-An In vitro study SUSHMA RUDRASWAMY JAI SHANKAR PUTTABUDDI HOMMERHALLIMRUTHUNJAYA KENGANORA NAGABHUSHANA DOGGALLI
Cost of illness of hypertension from the perspective of patients using a patient-based survey in several primary healthcare centers and a hospital in YogyakartaIndonesiaDWI ENDARTI ANNA WAHYUNI WIDAYANTI GITA WANDANSARI SHERLYNOVENTI
Potential Immunomodulator Fraction Fruit Of Etlingera rubroloba AD PoulsenAgainst Macrophage Phagocytosis And Interleukin-12 Levels In BCG-StimulatedBalbC Mice MUHAMMAD ILYAS Y AJENG DIANTINI ELI HALIMAH RIEZKI AMALIAMOHAMMAD GHOZALI EUIS JULAEHA
Synthesis of 3-(1H-azole-1-yl)propane-12-diols and their use in the synthesis ofbiologically active 22-disubstituted 4-(azole-1-ylmethyl)-13-dioxolanesVSTALISMANOV SV POPKOV G KARMANOVA SSZYKOVA MVSHUSTOV
Knowledge attitude in handling medical emergencies among clinical dentalstudents an institutional surveyNAGALAXMI HYMAVATHI CHINTALAPATI DONDAPATI SIVA PRASAD SRINIVASRAVOORI SURESH CHAND YADDANAPALLI PARVEEN SULTANA SHAIKNIJAMPATNAM MADHU PAVANI
Synthesis Molecular Docking and Evaluation of Library of 3-Mercapto-1 2 4-Triazole Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents SWARNAGOWRI NAYAK SUSHRUTA S HAKKIMANE SWAPNA B NITINKUMAR SSHETTY SANTOSH L GAONKAR
Comparative Study of Genomic and Pathogenic Characteristics of the HumanCoronavirusesDHANALAKSHMIG ANADI UZMA FARHEEN
SARS-CoV-2 TRAUMA HANDLING AND HAZARD RESCUE THROUGH MACHINELEARNINGBALAKRISHNAN S MSYED SHAHUL HAMEED SHAMEER MOHAMMED SHIMAZKHAN SHAIK ASWIN G
A Retrospective Qualitative Study on Pharmacotherapeutic Management ofCoronary Artery Disease Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Discussion onComprehensive Role of Clinical Pharmacist In Clinical PracticeABHARATH KUMAR MSUMASHANKAR
Analytical determination of triphala and its dosage forms ie triphala kwathaand triphala masi an ayurvedic dosage formsDRGRIVA BHATT MS BHUMI KANTARIYA DRMEHUL MEHTA
Estimation of Total Phenolic Total Flavonoid Content and Assessment of in vitroAntioxidant Activity of Extracts of plant Maytenus emarginata stembarkUMESH PRABHAKAR JOSHI RAJENDRA DAYARAM WAGH
Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
Metal complexes with heteroscorpionate ligand founded on the pyridinaminegroup cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor antimicrobial antioxidant and in vitrocytotoxicity notional studiesAESHAH MUHANA MOHAMMED REHAB KADHEM RAHEM AL-SHEMARY
Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
Complexes of Co(II) Cu(II) Ni(II) Pt(II) And Pd(II) with N3O-Chelating LigandIncorporating Azo and Schiff Base Moieties Synthesis SpectroscopicThermal Decomposition Theoretical Studies and thermodynamicparameters HIYAM HADI ALKAM WASAN MOHAMMED ALWAN REHAB KADHIMRAHEEM ALSHEMARY
Newly Developed Flow Injection Analysis Method for The Determination ofPropranolol Hydrochloride Using UV-light of Low-Pressure Hg Lamp andDetection of Scattered Light by Multi Solar Cells at 2x90oNAGHAM S TURKEY AL AWADIE OMAR A YASSIN
Analysis of outcome following early exploration of radial nerve palsy associatedwith closed shaft of humerus fracturesSUGUMAR N J BENJAMIN VINODH ARCHA ANNA
Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
Assessment Of Drug Compliance And Targeted Pharmacist Intervention In AcuteIschemic Stroke PatientVARSHITHA NAKKA SUREKHA PUSAPATI AJAY MANUKONDA DR SKUMARAVELU VARA PRASAD SAKA
Intermittent dosing of isotretinoinNADA ALSALEH ELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Larvicidal activity of isolated fatty acids from Senegalia rugata podsMOUNICA PONUGOTI SIVA PRASAD PANDAC UMASANKARKULANDAIVELU D GSN KOTESWARA RAOE RAJASEKHAR REDDYALAVALA F CHAKRAVARTHI GUNTUPALIG DSNBK PRASANTHH
Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk) A Rich Extract Loaded Floating MicroballoonsAdvance Therapy to Treat and Manage Gastric UlcerRANJITHA M UMA NITHYASHREE RS SHOUVIK KUMAR D SASIPRIYA SVSTANMOY GHOSH KAMATCHI SUNDARA SARAVANAN MOHAMMAD AZAMTHULLA
Effervescent Tablet Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Gong-GongShell Waste (Strombus turturella) SUCI FITRIANI SAMMULIA HASYRUL HAMZAH CHAERUL FADLYMOCHTAR AMELINDA OKTAVIANI
Development And Evaluation Of Solid-Lipid Nanoparti-cles Loaded WithGemcitabine For Delivery Through Pulmonary RouteRACHNA M KUMAR AFRASIM MOIN MERRYL DSILVA SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
Design And Development Of Gemcitabine Nanoemulsion For Pulmonary DeliveryMERRYL DrsquoSILVA AFRASIM MOIN RACHNAM KUMAR SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
Association of additive risk of INC I gene with the presence of Diabetes Type 1 andType 2AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Evaluating The Implementation Of The Quality Assurance Agencys Work ProgramAt STAI MU TanjungpinangRUDI HARTONO SYAMSUL BAHRI MAEMUNAH SArsquoDIYAH ENDIN MUJAHIDIN
Evaluation Of Implementation Of Village Middle Education And Training ProgramsIn Batam Health Training Centers (Bapelkes) In Batam City Province Of RiauIslandsENDIN MUJAHIDIN ASMALI RUDI HARTONO
Incidence and types of thyroid tumour in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditisHUSSAIN TAHER ALBAAJ AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
The gender traits of completed suicide committed in unlike periods of the ferganaZAYNITDIN GIYOSOV ULFIDDINKHON MAKHSUMKHONOV IBROKHIMBAKHRIEV SHOKIR BEKNAZAROV JAKHONGIR BEKNAZAROV
The Effect of Giving Yellow Pumkin Seed (C Moschata d) Biscuits on Hemoglobin(Hb) Levels and Zinc (Zn) Status pf Pregnant Women with Chronic EnergyDeficiency in Bone District South SulawesiNGURAH SUKARYA AMINUDDIN SYAM MASNI ABDUL SALAM BURHANUDDINBAHAR SYAMSIAR S RUSSENG
Make-Up Effects Psychological and Sociological PerspectiveALI AL-SAMYDAI MAHA NABU HAJLEH MUSTAFA AKRAM OTHMAN DANAMARIE ENAS ALTATAR HANEEN TAHER RUBA HAMDAN RUAA ALHARAIRYRUDAINA OTHMAN YOUSIF MAHMOOD AL-SAMYDAI
Common side impacts of antibacterial drugs within the treatment of bacterialdiseaseMAVLYANOVA NOZIMA MAMATOVA NODIRA GZAMOVA NAZIFA MUXITDINOVAMAVJUDA SHEROVA ZEBO BURANOVA DILFUZA MUXAMMADJANOVA MADINA
The Effectiveness of Walnuts Extract and Metformin on Blood Sugar LevelReduction in Hyperglycemic Induced Alloxan RatsNURHAEDAR JAFAR NURSYAFITRI RAMADANI NURPUDJI A TASLIM HEALTHYHIDAYANTY AMINUDDIN SYAM YAHYA THAMRIN
Determinants of Medication of Hypertension Patients in Urban and Rural Areas ofSouth SulawesiHASLINDAH IDA LEIDA M THAHA HEALTHY HIDAYANTY WAHIDUDDIN ANDIZULKIFLI DARMAWANSYAH
Resolution of Disputes on Illegal Acts by the Authorities in IndonesiaKARTIKA WIDYA UTAMA YUDHITIYA DYAH SUKMADEWI YOS JOHAN UTAMAIRMA CAHYANINGTYAS
Quality by design (QbD) approach for Design and Development ofVortioxetine hydrobromide Multi-dose nasal spray solution for effectivetreatment of depression In-vitro and In-vivo evaluationPRAFUL MGIRADKAR DEEPA HPATEL
Peculiarities Of The Course Of Hypertonic Disease In Residents Living NearUranium MinesAZIMOVA SB BOZORALIEV SHB TALIPOVA NK RAKHMATULLAEV EA
Prevalence of Leishmaniasis (Cutaneous and Visceral) in Basrah Provincebetween 2013 and 2018MANAL ISMAEL KHALEEL
Cytotoxic effect of avocado (Persea americana) seed extract containing quercetinin T47D cells by inducing apoptotic pathway in vitro and in silicoNI PUTU LINDA LAKSMIANI NI NYOMAN SAVITRI MEGA ARWANAWATI PUTU CIAINTANIA WARNAYA ANAK AGUNG GEDE RAI YADNYA PUTRA
The Employment of FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics to IdentifyUnallowed Synthetic Drugs in Herbal ProductDHARMASTUTI CAHYA FATMARAHMI RATNA ASMAH SUSIDARTI RESPATI TRISWASONO ABDUL ROHMAN
COVID-19 Triggers The Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis A Case Report ofUncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes MellitusSULTAN M ALSHAHRANI NAJIM Z ALSHAHRANI KHALED M ALAKHALI
In vivo antigenotoxic potential of sesame oil against cyclophosphamide inducedgenotoxicity and oxidative stress in micePANKAJ TRIPATHI ABDUL AZIZ HAKAMI ABDULRAHAMAN AWAGI ABDULLAHALTAMAR ABDULMAJEED MOHAMMED JALI ABDUL HAKEEM SIDDIQUI
Effect of empowerment of cadres for dental and oral health before and duringpregnancy (Study at Gunung Anyar Sub-district Surabaya Indonesia in 2020)IDA CHAIRANNA MAHIRAWATIE RATIH LARASATI
Evaluation of Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Sansevieria Trifasciata P onAlopecia Androgenic Rabbit MaleHENNY KASMAWATI RESMI MUSTARICHIE ELI HALIMAH RUSLIN
A New Approach for Bioavailability Enhancement of Cefpodoxime as EntericCoated Sustained Release BeadsCSAI KISHAN AFRASIM MOIN P K KULKARNI KALAISELVI R MEENAKSHI SSHARADHA M SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Comparison Of Gas Manreg Simulated Low Flow Anaesthesia With Real-Time UsingSevoflurane - Air Oxygen MixtureDRRAVISHANKARM DRBALASUBRAMANIAN ANUSHA DR VR HEMANTHKUMAR DRSPARTHASARATHY
Design and invitro evaluation of olmesartan medoxomil floating tabletsSACHIN B AGLAWE AMOL U GAYKE RAVINDRA S DUKARE RAHUL ASOMWANSHI SATYAM D JAIN VINOD V ANUSE
Cross-sectional study of the association between polycystic ovarysyndrome and uterine septum anomaliesADNAN AH ALBDAIRI MOHEND AN AL-SHALAH
Improvement of endogenous prevention of dental caries in children in organizedchildrens groupsABDUAZIMOVA LA DINIKULOV ZHA ZAKIRKHANOVA SHA ABBASOVA DBKUCHKAROVA MK MAKHKAMOVA FT
Regulating The Fibroblast Growth Into Critical Size Mandibular Bone Defectvia Demineralized Dentin Material Membrane ImplantationPRATIWI SOESILAWATI AGNES PARAMITHA NASTITI MUHAMMAD ALWINOBAYU FIRDAUZY YULIATI YULIATI NOOR HAYATY ABU KASIM
NEFL gene Expression Analysis in a sample of Iraqi Multiple Sclerosis PatientsHASSAN LAFTA ATIYAH ASMAA MOHAMMED SAUD NAWFAL MADHI SHEAHEED
Ex vivo In-vitro and In-silico Neuroprotective Activity of Selected TraditionalMedicinal Plants- A Reverse Pharmacological ApproachYMEGHANA SRIKANTH JEYABALAN
Evaluation of Antiplaque and Antigingivitis Effects of A Herbal MouthwashTHANISH AHAMEDS ARVINA RAJASEKAR
University Studentsrsquo Knowledge on Antibiotic Use in Yogyakarta A Cross-Sectional SurveySUSI ARI KRISTINA SHINTA DIVA EKANANDA MAWARDI IHSAN
Study of Effect of Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil massage on Weight Gain inPreterm NeonatesDR NANDIMALLA VINAY KUMAR DRGGAUTHAM DRSRI SUSHMITHA GOLIDRARCHANA S DRPRATIBHAR DRPRATIBHARK DRVENKAT PK
Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
Bioecological traits of the plant indigofera tinctoria l Under introductionconditionsGULKHAYO TURABOEVA ANARJAN MATKARIMOVA AKMAL TURABOEVTURDIYEVA ODINAKHON
Rotavirus vaccination Knowledge and acceptance among mothers in YogyakartaIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA HARDIKA ADITAMA
Metal Complexes of a Novel Schiff Base Based on Cephalexin depictionMolecular Modeling and Biological Efficacy StudyABDUL SALAM ABDUL KAREEM ABDUL RAHMAN REHAB KADHIM RAHEEMALSHEMARY
In Vitro Quantitative Assessment of Viability of Echinococcus granulosusProtoscoleces after Treatment with Ruta graveolens L Methanolic Extract YASEEN TAHA AL QAISI KHALED M KHLEIFAT SAWSAN ATALLAH ORAN
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
Effect of the polymeric matrix on the physicochemical properties of the Diclofenacsodium loaded fibers in Orodispersible TabletsSURABHI C AFRASIM MOIN GIRISH S H MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAHPREETHI S NITHIN K S DVGOWDA
Gene therapy by studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism(rs11886868 amp rs766432) at the BcL11A gene on the severity of beta-thalassemiadisease in the province of AL-NajafHANAN A ABLAA WISAM NAJI ATIYAH AL-MEHANA IBTIHAL KAREEM MAHDITHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN
Multidose studies in rabbits for determining pharmacokinetic andpharmacodynamic interactions of gliclazide with nutraceuticalROJA RANI BUDHA SANTHRANI THAAKUR GSN KOTESWARA RAOLAVANYA YAIDIKAR RAVI MANNE SV SAI KUMAR SKNASEEB BASHA
The consequences of the pharmaceutical management method according to thetype of hospital facilitySAMIHA BENZEKRI AMINE CHEIKH MOHAMMED ADNANE EL WARTITI AHMEDBENNANA
Development of Esomeprazole Mucoadhesive Timerx TabletsEBY GEORGE ANJALI K BIJU FATHIMA MEETHIAN LINTA BENNY SUVARNAVARGHESE
An Overview on Modern Drug Delivery Nanotechnology for the Management ofAcne VulgrisAISHWARYA REDDY KARTHICK RAMAN SURESHKUMAR
A Review on Liquisolid Technique in the Preparation of Oral Disintegrating TabletsVISHRATH N PREETHI S SHEETAL MJ
Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
Synthesis and Antifungal assay of Analogs Curcumin Dibenzilyden-N-Methyl-4-Piperidone and Dibenzilyden-4-PiperidoneRITMALENI TESIA AISYAH RAHMANIA PRASHINTA NITA DAMAYANTI ERNAPRAWITA SETYOWATI
The Influence of Leadership on Postpartum Service Coverage When MidwivesCollaborate with NursesADRIANA PALIMBO ANDI UMMU SALMAH RIDWAN AMIRUDDIN AMINUDDINSYAM AHMAD SYAHLANI ANGGRITA SARI DEDE MAHDIYAH
Knowledge and events of young married age in west sulawesi provinceAHMADY IRMA MUSLIMIN ANWAR MALLONGI
Comparison Of Warm Water Compresses And Distractions To Reduction Of PainIn Reumatic PatientsSYAHRIR NURUL FUADY FITRYANIA
Evaluation of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Instant Modified CassavaFlour (Mocaf) Substituted Instant Noodles with Variations of Alkali SaltANJAR BRILIANNITA EVITA RIVIANI ACHMADI ANISA TRI HUTAMI MERINTASADA ANWAR MALLONGI
Hygiene Sanitation and Stunting Among Children Under Two Years (0 ndash 23)Months in Central SulawesiDEDI MAHYUDIN SYAM HERLINA SSUNUH AMSAL ANWAR MALLONGI
Minangkabau matrilineal society perception of pregnant womens health servicesDEVI SYARIEF ANDI ZULKIFLI ABDULLAH SURIAH HEALTHY HIDAYANTYGUSLINDA ULFA SURYANI YOLA YOLANDA
Internet addiction and its relationship to academic achievement motivationtowards middle schoolAFKAR FADHIL KAREEM FARHANLAAIZ LUAY ABDULWAHID SHIHAB
Method Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-MassSpectrometric Method (LC-MS) for the Simultaneous Determination of Darunavir inHuman PlasmaDRDAKILADEVI MRSINDIRA PRIYADARSHINI
Analysis Contens of Natrium Benzoate and Sorbic AcidIn Beverage Snack Sold atSDN Karang Tengah Tangerang CityYUSNIDAR YUSUF MOH RAMDHAN NURHABIBAH
The Effect of Corn Hair Tea on Increasing Breast Milk Production in BreastfeedingMothers in the Work Area of the Community Health Center of Kota SelatanGorontalo CityNANCY OLII NURNANINGSIH ALI ABDUL IKA SUHERLIN PUSPITA SUKMAWATIRASYID
GC-MS profiling of white and pink flowers of Catharanthus roseus grown underharsh environmentPRAVEJ ALAM
Cyanidin 3-O-(6rsquo-Malonylglucoside) as an Inhibitor of Oestrogen Receptor Beta (ErBeta) - An Insilico ApproachANUSHAB JAYNTHY CHELLAM
Correlation between Glycated Hemoglobin values and the Lipid profile in Type 2diabetic patientsGOZIF MOHAMMED NOMAR MANSOUR ABDULNABI HMEHDI FADEL YSAL-ARABI MADHUKAR MFAWADE
The Therapeutic Effect of Tratak Karma A Review ArticleDRAPARNA BAGUL DRREKHA PARMAR VDARUN VAIDYA DRKRISHNARATHOD
The Cytotoxicity Assays of Hypoxia Mimicking Agent on Rabbitrsquos (Oryctolaguscuniculus) Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Experimental In Vitro StudyALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA IGO SYAIFUL IHSAN ARIF NUR MUHAMMADANSORI RADEN JOKO KUNCORONINGRAT SUSILO HELEN SUSILOWATI IDABAGUS NARMADA DIAH SAVITRI ERNAWATI FEDIK ABDUL RANTAM
Some Aspects of Modeling in the Study of COVID-19 DataSYED KHALID MUSTAFA VYACHESLAV LYASHENKO NAMEER AHAMADMOHAMMAD REHAN AJMAL MAYAZ AHMAD
Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
Design and Evaluation of Solid Self-Emulsifying IBUPROFEN Pellets withCommercial Available IBUPROFEN TabletsKALAISELVI R CSAI KISHAN KOWSALYA N AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAHDVGOWDA
Relationship among Scrotal Size Body Weight and Feedstuffs of Bali Cattle BullProductivityABYADUL FITRIYAH MULYOTO PANGESTU SUPRIYONO ABDUL FATTAH
Prevalence of Dental Erosion and Associated Risk Factors among SchoolChildren aged 6 to 10 years A Cross-Sectional StudyDR PRIYANKA DANTHAM DR HEMA MANVI BADI DR SIVAKUMAR NUVVULA
Core-Shell Nanoparticle Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Hyaluronic Acid asAbsorbable Dressing Based Hydrogel Post-Gingivectomy A ReviewMARTINING SHOFFA PUSPITANINGRUM MOHAMMAD ALI MAKSUM DEVY PUTRIKUSUMAWARDHANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA
An Overview of Buccal Drug Delivery SystemRENU MISHRA DRSUSHMA VERMA
Maternal Factors Affecting the Incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) inIndonesiaMIFTAHUL ARSYI BESRAL
Interrelation of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors as a Predictor of EarlyClinical Prediction of Schizophrenia with Paroxysmal CourseMARK LAZAREVICH AGRANOVSKIY MAHFUZA ALIMOVNA DOLIMOVAABDURAHMON ALISHEROVICH MIRZAEV SHAVKAT KHABIBULLAYEVAISLAMOVABDUVOHID HATAMOVICH KARIMOV
Synthesis Characterization of Diazepine-Bicycles System and Study of their Bio-BehaviorDR NAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI RABAB MAHDI UBAID MAHMOOD
Chalcone-Heterocyclic Derivatives (Synthesis Spectral Identification MicrobialEvaluation)HUTHAM ABD ALI ABD AL HUSSAIN DRNAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI
Strengthening of Social Capital through Penta Helix Model in HandlingCovid-19 PandemicAMBO UPE ZULHAM IBRAHIM MUHAMMAD ARSYAD ADI SUMANDIYARARYUNI SALPIANA JABAR
A Novel Biometric Recognition System for FingerprintUsing Polar HarmonicTransformANLI SHERINE DRGENO PETER
Henry Girouxs Progressive Educational thought in the Perspective of EducationalPhilosophyNUR KHASANAH FATAH SYUKUR ABDUL WAHIB ACHMAD IRWAN HAMZANIHAVIS ARAVIK
Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal Complications in Twin PregnanciesMARZIEH GHASEMI NARJES NOORI ALIREZA DASHIPOUR ARGHAVANFARAZMAND
Comparison between Water Birth and Land Birth in Terms of Delivery DurationLabor Need to Drug Birthing and Neonatal OutcomesFATEMEH TARA TARANEH ARBABZADE MAHBOUBEH PARACHEH SOODABEHREZAEE MARZIEH GHASEMI HAMEE ASHRAF
Classification of Patients with Polymorphism szlig Fibrinogen Gene - 455GA byApplying K-Nearest Neighbor Computation Method in Administering FibrinogenLevelsAL-KHOWARIZMI MARISCHA ELVENY RAHMAD SYAH
Preparation of Benzothiazole-Formazane Reagents and Studying of (SpectralThermal Scanning Microscopy Biological Evaluation)MOHAMMED NAWFAL ABDUL MAGED ALKHAFAJI DR NAGHAM MAHMOODALJAMALI
Investigating Community Decisions in Online Medicines PurchasingANAK AGUNG SAGUNG NARITHI MAHARANI ANAK AGUNG NGURAH EDDYSUPRIYADINATHA GORDA
Wearing Compression Shorts on Reduced Lactate Accumulation FollowingStrenuous Exercise From Basketball-Specific Fatigue Program in Elite MaleBasketball PlayersTAWATCHAI PLOYDANG SOMPOL SANGUANRUNGSIRIKUL WILAI ANOMASIRI
Validation of Real Time PCR (TaqMan) Approach in Diagnosing Patients withTuberculosis in Northeast of IranMALIHEH BEHBODI GRO MEHRI HOSSEINI LEILA MANZOURI ASGHAR SHARIFISEYED ABDOLRAHIM REZAEE OWRANG EILAMI SEYED REZA KHOSRAVANISEYED ABDOLMAJID KHOSRAVANI
Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
Development And Validation Of In-Vitro Dissolution Method For Estimation OfEmtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate And Efavirenz In Tablet Dosage Formby UHPLCNIMIT VASA DRBHAVESH PATEL PARTH PATEL SAGAR SOLANKI
P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
Characterization and Evaluation of combination of Aromatase InhibitorResveratrol and Docetaxel against ER positive cell lines MCF-7 and ER negativecell lines MDAMB231 in Breast CancerPREETI SINGH SHIV KR YADAV SATISH SARDANA UROOJ A KHAN RUPAGUPTA
Morphological and ITS Based Characterization of Some Important Fungi Isolatedfrom Desert Soil under Harsh environmentTHAMER HALBALAWI
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
The Clinical Cruciality of Resistin in the Emanation of Polycystic Ovary Syndromein Female Individuals and Its Prediction HAAEL SUBHI ABBAS
Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
The Potential Effect of Metformin Therapy on Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio inPatients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus A New HorizonMOHANAD ADEL MOHAMMED NAWAR R HUSSIEN MARWA S AL-NIEMIHAYDER M ALKURAISHY
Juridical Study on the Dissolution of Religious Activities by CommunityOrganizationsIDIANTO NYOMAN SERIKAT PUTRA JAYA ASEP NANA MULYANA
Nurses Needs and Expectations after Natural Disasters Trauma Based on Valuesand CultureMUSTIKASARI HARIF FADHILLAH ANGGI PRATIWI RINA SETIANA NURSALAM
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicansfrom Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
Efficiency of Ohmic heating for Microbial inactivation in Mango (Mangifera indicaL) pulp APARAJITA PRIYADARSHINI KALPANA RAYAGURU PRAKASH KUMAR NAYAKCHANDRASHREE LENKA
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Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of cadmium in Swiss albino micePRIYANKA DADUPANTHI SHILPA BHARGAVA
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Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
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Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
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DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
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Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
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Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
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The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
Biological activities of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub flowers on skin carecosmeticsNARIN KAKATUM YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
Development and Validation of Absorbance Subtraction Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Atorvastatin Calcium and Sildenafil Using UV SpectrophotometerSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation ofAtorvastatin Calcium and SildenafilSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
Study the Incidence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among PregnantWomen in Basrah-IraqISMAAL JMIA ABAS SHEREEN AL-ALI
Stability of Dexamethasone Oral Liquid FormulationsMALATHE A ALSHAWI NAWAR ADDAI MOHAMMED SATTAR MAZIN N MOUSABADER S ALABDULLAH
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
Diagnosis of Rota Virus Infection in Mosul Pediatric Hospitals UsingImmunological and Molecular MethodsJALAL MOHAMMED ZUHDI JALAL ANWAR SALIH SAIHOOD AREEJ SALIHSAIHOOD
Detection of lead in soil and Ziziphusspina-christi in Mosul city northern of IraqIYAD ABID ALMUHSIN AHMED HUSEEIN REYAM NAJI AJMI ESTABRAQMOHAMMED ATI3 HUDA FAROOQ ZAKI
Formulation and Evaluation of BILAYR Floating Tablet of LevetiracetamHAMAD KADHUM MAARIZ WEDAD K ALI FATIMA A TWFEEQ
Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
Cloning of Anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Nanobody Gene bypComb3xss Vector into ER2738 Bacterial SystemRANA SH ISMAIL AWATIF H ISSA ABDULELAH A ALMAYAH MAHMOUD GANJI
Role of Toxoplasmosis in the Elevation of Microrna-22 Levels With AbortionBASHEER ABD NASRALLA
Design a Diagnostic Kit for Molecular Identification of Helicobacter pyloriHANEEN B AL-WAELI DHAFAR N AL-UGAILI ZAINAB SH KHALAF
E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
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Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
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Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk) A Rich Extract Loaded Floating MicroballoonsAdvance Therapy to Treat and Manage Gastric UlcerRANJITHA M UMA NITHYASHREE RS SHOUVIK KUMAR D SASIPRIYA SVSTANMOY GHOSH KAMATCHI SUNDARA SARAVANAN MOHAMMAD AZAMTHULLA
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Evaluation Of Implementation Of Village Middle Education And Training ProgramsIn Batam Health Training Centers (Bapelkes) In Batam City Province Of RiauIslandsENDIN MUJAHIDIN ASMALI RUDI HARTONO
Incidence and types of thyroid tumour in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditisHUSSAIN TAHER ALBAAJ AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
The gender traits of completed suicide committed in unlike periods of the ferganaZAYNITDIN GIYOSOV ULFIDDINKHON MAKHSUMKHONOV IBROKHIMBAKHRIEV SHOKIR BEKNAZAROV JAKHONGIR BEKNAZAROV
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Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
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Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
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IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
Perception of Stroke Warning Symptoms in At-Risk Patients SOMSAK THOJAMPA SIRIKANOK KLANKHAJHON WUTTICHAI SAHATTECHOORAWAN PAIROJWOOTTIPONG JIRAPA JUNBUA
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Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
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Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Film Loaded With Ibuprofen for BuccalDeliveryMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H AFRASIM MOIN SHAILESH T YASHAS M S AMIT BPATIL MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Cost of Illness Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in IndonesiaYUNITA NITA DIAS PUTRI WARDANASARI DIVA ARIADNE CERELIA FITRINURMALASARI TUTUT DWI CAHYATI ABDUL RAHEM LIZA PRISTIANTYMUFARRIHAH
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Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
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Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
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Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
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DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
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Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
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Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
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Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 328
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SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds Oil of Agricultural Wastein MalaysiaSHAKINAZ DESA ASAAD ABBAS KHALAF SYARUL NATAQAIN BINTIBAHARUM MUSTAFA MUDHAFAR
Tribulus terrestris Linn Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced By Monosodium-Glutamate An In Vivo EvidenceGOMATHI SWAMINATHAN SRIKANTH JUPUDI SATHISH R ROSHAN NS
Clinical and experimental value of integrated lymphatic therapy in nonspecificulcerative colitisYULDOSHALI EGAMOV AKHTAM RUZIYEV SARVAR KHAIDAROV GULISHAYKHOVA ADILBEK RAJABOV NIZOM ERMATOV
Protective Effects of Antagonism of Interleukin-1 Receptors in 3-nitropropionicAcid Provoked Huntington Disease-Related SymptomsSURBHI GUPTA BHUPESH SHARMA
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The Successful treatment of acquired Severe Aplastic Anemia with AutologousCord Blood Transplantation case report and literature reviewGHOLAMREZA BAHOUSH ZAHRA SOHEILIRAD JAVAD BALASI
Quantification of Naproxen Sodium in biological sample by using UPLC-MSMSmethodSUMITHRA M AYSHA JADEERA K A YAMINI R VIJEY AANANDHI M
A Questionnaire Based Study To Assess The Awareness And KnowledgeAbout P Drug Concept And Rational Use Of Medicine Among Third YearMedical StudentsDRVIRENDRA KUSHWAHA DR POOJA AGRAWAL DR PUSHPENDRAPUSHKAR DR MANGESHKUMAR TRIPATHI DR SARITA SINGH
Safe Use of Ocular Nanosuspension GNANASAMPATH MADHAN GOWTHAMARAJAN KUPPUSWAMY
Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Oxadiazoles Combined with theNucleus of BenzothiazoleVISHAL KUMAR SATISH KUMAR SHARMA RIZWAN AHMAD
Laparoscopic Two Stage FowlerndashStephens Orchiopexy For High IntraabdominalUndescended TestisDRMARYAM JABBAR GHAZI DRWASEEM AHMAD ELKATIB JASSIM ABDULHASSAN AL MAYALI ALAA JUMAAH MANJI NASRAWI
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Perception of Physicians and Nurses towards Clinical Pharmacy Services (CPSs)at oncology care setting A hospital based Observational SurveyMANJULA GUDHOOR MADIWALAYYA SHIVAKANTAYYA GANACHARI
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Corn Fiber Gum as a Potential Platform for the Preparation of BioadhesiveFloating Tablets of DomperidoneBHUMIKA MANGLA ANUREKHA JAIN DEEPINDER SINGH MALIK
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Clinical and biochemical evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy forhereditary motor neuronal neuropathy in childrenBERDIBAEVA SAODAT ULUGBEKOVNA MADJIDOVA YAKUTKHONNABIEVNA
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Cost of illness of hemodialysis in Indonesia A survey from eight hospitalsin IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA DWI ENDARTI TRI MURTI ANDAYANI HARDIKAADITAMA
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
Studying Effective Means and Ways to Specifically Prevent Brucellosis in SmallCattleMAXIM A KOSAREV ALEXEY M FOMIN GULNARA M SAFINA YANA A BOGOVALILIYA A TUKHVATULLINA RAMIL Y NASIBULLIN RUFIYA G KARIMOVA
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KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
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Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
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Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
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Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
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Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
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DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
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Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
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The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
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Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
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Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
Development and Validation of Absorbance Subtraction Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Atorvastatin Calcium and Sildenafil Using UV SpectrophotometerSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation ofAtorvastatin Calcium and SildenafilSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
Study the Incidence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among PregnantWomen in Basrah-IraqISMAAL JMIA ABAS SHEREEN AL-ALI
Stability of Dexamethasone Oral Liquid FormulationsMALATHE A ALSHAWI NAWAR ADDAI MOHAMMED SATTAR MAZIN N MOUSABADER S ALABDULLAH
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
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Detection of lead in soil and Ziziphusspina-christi in Mosul city northern of IraqIYAD ABID ALMUHSIN AHMED HUSEEIN REYAM NAJI AJMI ESTABRAQMOHAMMED ATI3 HUDA FAROOQ ZAKI
Formulation and Evaluation of BILAYR Floating Tablet of LevetiracetamHAMAD KADHUM MAARIZ WEDAD K ALI FATIMA A TWFEEQ
Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
Cloning of Anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Nanobody Gene bypComb3xss Vector into ER2738 Bacterial SystemRANA SH ISMAIL AWATIF H ISSA ABDULELAH A ALMAYAH MAHMOUD GANJI
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Design a Diagnostic Kit for Molecular Identification of Helicobacter pyloriHANEEN B AL-WAELI DHAFAR N AL-UGAILI ZAINAB SH KHALAF
E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
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Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
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Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
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Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
Assessment Of Drug Compliance And Targeted Pharmacist Intervention In AcuteIschemic Stroke PatientVARSHITHA NAKKA SUREKHA PUSAPATI AJAY MANUKONDA DR SKUMARAVELU VARA PRASAD SAKA
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Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk) A Rich Extract Loaded Floating MicroballoonsAdvance Therapy to Treat and Manage Gastric UlcerRANJITHA M UMA NITHYASHREE RS SHOUVIK KUMAR D SASIPRIYA SVSTANMOY GHOSH KAMATCHI SUNDARA SARAVANAN MOHAMMAD AZAMTHULLA
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Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
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COVID-19 Triggers The Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis A Case Report ofUncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes MellitusSULTAN M ALSHAHRANI NAJIM Z ALSHAHRANI KHALED M ALAKHALI
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Effect of empowerment of cadres for dental and oral health before and duringpregnancy (Study at Gunung Anyar Sub-district Surabaya Indonesia in 2020)IDA CHAIRANNA MAHIRAWATIE RATIH LARASATI
Evaluation of Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Sansevieria Trifasciata P onAlopecia Androgenic Rabbit MaleHENNY KASMAWATI RESMI MUSTARICHIE ELI HALIMAH RUSLIN
A New Approach for Bioavailability Enhancement of Cefpodoxime as EntericCoated Sustained Release BeadsCSAI KISHAN AFRASIM MOIN P K KULKARNI KALAISELVI R MEENAKSHI SSHARADHA M SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Comparison Of Gas Manreg Simulated Low Flow Anaesthesia With Real-Time UsingSevoflurane - Air Oxygen MixtureDRRAVISHANKARM DRBALASUBRAMANIAN ANUSHA DR VR HEMANTHKUMAR DRSPARTHASARATHY
Design and invitro evaluation of olmesartan medoxomil floating tabletsSACHIN B AGLAWE AMOL U GAYKE RAVINDRA S DUKARE RAHUL ASOMWANSHI SATYAM D JAIN VINOD V ANUSE
Cross-sectional study of the association between polycystic ovarysyndrome and uterine septum anomaliesADNAN AH ALBDAIRI MOHEND AN AL-SHALAH
Improvement of endogenous prevention of dental caries in children in organizedchildrens groupsABDUAZIMOVA LA DINIKULOV ZHA ZAKIRKHANOVA SHA ABBASOVA DBKUCHKAROVA MK MAKHKAMOVA FT
Regulating The Fibroblast Growth Into Critical Size Mandibular Bone Defectvia Demineralized Dentin Material Membrane ImplantationPRATIWI SOESILAWATI AGNES PARAMITHA NASTITI MUHAMMAD ALWINOBAYU FIRDAUZY YULIATI YULIATI NOOR HAYATY ABU KASIM
NEFL gene Expression Analysis in a sample of Iraqi Multiple Sclerosis PatientsHASSAN LAFTA ATIYAH ASMAA MOHAMMED SAUD NAWFAL MADHI SHEAHEED
Ex vivo In-vitro and In-silico Neuroprotective Activity of Selected TraditionalMedicinal Plants- A Reverse Pharmacological ApproachYMEGHANA SRIKANTH JEYABALAN
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University Studentsrsquo Knowledge on Antibiotic Use in Yogyakarta A Cross-Sectional SurveySUSI ARI KRISTINA SHINTA DIVA EKANANDA MAWARDI IHSAN
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Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
Bioecological traits of the plant indigofera tinctoria l Under introductionconditionsGULKHAYO TURABOEVA ANARJAN MATKARIMOVA AKMAL TURABOEVTURDIYEVA ODINAKHON
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Metal Complexes of a Novel Schiff Base Based on Cephalexin depictionMolecular Modeling and Biological Efficacy StudyABDUL SALAM ABDUL KAREEM ABDUL RAHMAN REHAB KADHIM RAHEEMALSHEMARY
In Vitro Quantitative Assessment of Viability of Echinococcus granulosusProtoscoleces after Treatment with Ruta graveolens L Methanolic Extract YASEEN TAHA AL QAISI KHALED M KHLEIFAT SAWSAN ATALLAH ORAN
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
Effect of the polymeric matrix on the physicochemical properties of the Diclofenacsodium loaded fibers in Orodispersible TabletsSURABHI C AFRASIM MOIN GIRISH S H MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAHPREETHI S NITHIN K S DVGOWDA
Gene therapy by studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism(rs11886868 amp rs766432) at the BcL11A gene on the severity of beta-thalassemiadisease in the province of AL-NajafHANAN A ABLAA WISAM NAJI ATIYAH AL-MEHANA IBTIHAL KAREEM MAHDITHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN
Multidose studies in rabbits for determining pharmacokinetic andpharmacodynamic interactions of gliclazide with nutraceuticalROJA RANI BUDHA SANTHRANI THAAKUR GSN KOTESWARA RAOLAVANYA YAIDIKAR RAVI MANNE SV SAI KUMAR SKNASEEB BASHA
The consequences of the pharmaceutical management method according to thetype of hospital facilitySAMIHA BENZEKRI AMINE CHEIKH MOHAMMED ADNANE EL WARTITI AHMEDBENNANA
Development of Esomeprazole Mucoadhesive Timerx TabletsEBY GEORGE ANJALI K BIJU FATHIMA MEETHIAN LINTA BENNY SUVARNAVARGHESE
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Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
Synthesis and Antifungal assay of Analogs Curcumin Dibenzilyden-N-Methyl-4-Piperidone and Dibenzilyden-4-PiperidoneRITMALENI TESIA AISYAH RAHMANIA PRASHINTA NITA DAMAYANTI ERNAPRAWITA SETYOWATI
The Influence of Leadership on Postpartum Service Coverage When MidwivesCollaborate with NursesADRIANA PALIMBO ANDI UMMU SALMAH RIDWAN AMIRUDDIN AMINUDDINSYAM AHMAD SYAHLANI ANGGRITA SARI DEDE MAHDIYAH
Knowledge and events of young married age in west sulawesi provinceAHMADY IRMA MUSLIMIN ANWAR MALLONGI
Comparison Of Warm Water Compresses And Distractions To Reduction Of PainIn Reumatic PatientsSYAHRIR NURUL FUADY FITRYANIA
Evaluation of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Instant Modified CassavaFlour (Mocaf) Substituted Instant Noodles with Variations of Alkali SaltANJAR BRILIANNITA EVITA RIVIANI ACHMADI ANISA TRI HUTAMI MERINTASADA ANWAR MALLONGI
Hygiene Sanitation and Stunting Among Children Under Two Years (0 ndash 23)Months in Central SulawesiDEDI MAHYUDIN SYAM HERLINA SSUNUH AMSAL ANWAR MALLONGI
Minangkabau matrilineal society perception of pregnant womens health servicesDEVI SYARIEF ANDI ZULKIFLI ABDULLAH SURIAH HEALTHY HIDAYANTYGUSLINDA ULFA SURYANI YOLA YOLANDA
Internet addiction and its relationship to academic achievement motivationtowards middle schoolAFKAR FADHIL KAREEM FARHANLAAIZ LUAY ABDULWAHID SHIHAB
Method Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-MassSpectrometric Method (LC-MS) for the Simultaneous Determination of Darunavir inHuman PlasmaDRDAKILADEVI MRSINDIRA PRIYADARSHINI
Analysis Contens of Natrium Benzoate and Sorbic AcidIn Beverage Snack Sold atSDN Karang Tengah Tangerang CityYUSNIDAR YUSUF MOH RAMDHAN NURHABIBAH
The Effect of Corn Hair Tea on Increasing Breast Milk Production in BreastfeedingMothers in the Work Area of the Community Health Center of Kota SelatanGorontalo CityNANCY OLII NURNANINGSIH ALI ABDUL IKA SUHERLIN PUSPITA SUKMAWATIRASYID
GC-MS profiling of white and pink flowers of Catharanthus roseus grown underharsh environmentPRAVEJ ALAM
Cyanidin 3-O-(6rsquo-Malonylglucoside) as an Inhibitor of Oestrogen Receptor Beta (ErBeta) - An Insilico ApproachANUSHAB JAYNTHY CHELLAM
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The Cytotoxicity Assays of Hypoxia Mimicking Agent on Rabbitrsquos (Oryctolaguscuniculus) Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Experimental In Vitro StudyALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA IGO SYAIFUL IHSAN ARIF NUR MUHAMMADANSORI RADEN JOKO KUNCORONINGRAT SUSILO HELEN SUSILOWATI IDABAGUS NARMADA DIAH SAVITRI ERNAWATI FEDIK ABDUL RANTAM
Some Aspects of Modeling in the Study of COVID-19 DataSYED KHALID MUSTAFA VYACHESLAV LYASHENKO NAMEER AHAMADMOHAMMAD REHAN AJMAL MAYAZ AHMAD
Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
Design and Evaluation of Solid Self-Emulsifying IBUPROFEN Pellets withCommercial Available IBUPROFEN TabletsKALAISELVI R CSAI KISHAN KOWSALYA N AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAHDVGOWDA
Relationship among Scrotal Size Body Weight and Feedstuffs of Bali Cattle BullProductivityABYADUL FITRIYAH MULYOTO PANGESTU SUPRIYONO ABDUL FATTAH
Prevalence of Dental Erosion and Associated Risk Factors among SchoolChildren aged 6 to 10 years A Cross-Sectional StudyDR PRIYANKA DANTHAM DR HEMA MANVI BADI DR SIVAKUMAR NUVVULA
Core-Shell Nanoparticle Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Hyaluronic Acid asAbsorbable Dressing Based Hydrogel Post-Gingivectomy A ReviewMARTINING SHOFFA PUSPITANINGRUM MOHAMMAD ALI MAKSUM DEVY PUTRIKUSUMAWARDHANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA
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EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
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Antioxidant Activity Test and PolyphenolLevelsofInstant Tamarillo Juice Powder(SolanumBetaceumCav)Based on Difference Foaming Agents NOVI FAJAR UTAMI
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KARIMULLINA RAZINA Z KHAMIDULLINA RUSTAM KH RAVILOV DANIL NMINGALEEV ANATOLY I TRUBKIN DARYA D MOROZOVA
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The Use of Sorbents for Intoxication of Chickens with ImidaclopridVLADISLAV I EGOROV DAMIR V ALEYEV ANDREY V MALANEV KADRIA FKHALIKOVA GULNARA G GALYAUTDINOVA GUZALIYA R YAMALOVA ANNA MTREMASOVA ILNUR R KADIKOV ALEXANDER M SAIFUTDINOV EDUARD ISEMENOV EDUARD A SHURALEV SERGEY YU SMOLENTSEV
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Hand Sanitizer A healthy weapon to fight against COVID -19KAMAL SHAH SUMIT CHHABRA NAGENDRA SINGH CHAUHAN
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Potential Immunomodulator Fraction Fruit Of Etlingera rubroloba AD PoulsenAgainst Macrophage Phagocytosis And Interleukin-12 Levels In BCG-StimulatedBalbC Mice MUHAMMAD ILYAS Y AJENG DIANTINI ELI HALIMAH RIEZKI AMALIAMOHAMMAD GHOZALI EUIS JULAEHA
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Synthesis Molecular Docking and Evaluation of Library of 3-Mercapto-1 2 4-Triazole Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents SWARNAGOWRI NAYAK SUSHRUTA S HAKKIMANE SWAPNA B NITINKUMAR SSHETTY SANTOSH L GAONKAR
Comparative Study of Genomic and Pathogenic Characteristics of the HumanCoronavirusesDHANALAKSHMIG ANADI UZMA FARHEEN
SARS-CoV-2 TRAUMA HANDLING AND HAZARD RESCUE THROUGH MACHINELEARNINGBALAKRISHNAN S MSYED SHAHUL HAMEED SHAMEER MOHAMMED SHIMAZKHAN SHAIK ASWIN G
A Retrospective Qualitative Study on Pharmacotherapeutic Management ofCoronary Artery Disease Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Discussion onComprehensive Role of Clinical Pharmacist In Clinical PracticeABHARATH KUMAR MSUMASHANKAR
Analytical determination of triphala and its dosage forms ie triphala kwathaand triphala masi an ayurvedic dosage formsDRGRIVA BHATT MS BHUMI KANTARIYA DRMEHUL MEHTA
Estimation of Total Phenolic Total Flavonoid Content and Assessment of in vitroAntioxidant Activity of Extracts of plant Maytenus emarginata stembarkUMESH PRABHAKAR JOSHI RAJENDRA DAYARAM WAGH
Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
Metal complexes with heteroscorpionate ligand founded on the pyridinaminegroup cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor antimicrobial antioxidant and in vitrocytotoxicity notional studiesAESHAH MUHANA MOHAMMED REHAB KADHEM RAHEM AL-SHEMARY
Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
Complexes of Co(II) Cu(II) Ni(II) Pt(II) And Pd(II) with N3O-Chelating LigandIncorporating Azo and Schiff Base Moieties Synthesis SpectroscopicThermal Decomposition Theoretical Studies and thermodynamicparameters HIYAM HADI ALKAM WASAN MOHAMMED ALWAN REHAB KADHIMRAHEEM ALSHEMARY
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
Assessment Of Drug Compliance And Targeted Pharmacist Intervention In AcuteIschemic Stroke PatientVARSHITHA NAKKA SUREKHA PUSAPATI AJAY MANUKONDA DR SKUMARAVELU VARA PRASAD SAKA
Intermittent dosing of isotretinoinNADA ALSALEH ELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Larvicidal activity of isolated fatty acids from Senegalia rugata podsMOUNICA PONUGOTI SIVA PRASAD PANDAC UMASANKARKULANDAIVELU D GSN KOTESWARA RAOE RAJASEKHAR REDDYALAVALA F CHAKRAVARTHI GUNTUPALIG DSNBK PRASANTHH
Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk) A Rich Extract Loaded Floating MicroballoonsAdvance Therapy to Treat and Manage Gastric UlcerRANJITHA M UMA NITHYASHREE RS SHOUVIK KUMAR D SASIPRIYA SVSTANMOY GHOSH KAMATCHI SUNDARA SARAVANAN MOHAMMAD AZAMTHULLA
Effervescent Tablet Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Gong-GongShell Waste (Strombus turturella) SUCI FITRIANI SAMMULIA HASYRUL HAMZAH CHAERUL FADLYMOCHTAR AMELINDA OKTAVIANI
Development And Evaluation Of Solid-Lipid Nanoparti-cles Loaded WithGemcitabine For Delivery Through Pulmonary RouteRACHNA M KUMAR AFRASIM MOIN MERRYL DSILVA SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
Design And Development Of Gemcitabine Nanoemulsion For Pulmonary DeliveryMERRYL DrsquoSILVA AFRASIM MOIN RACHNAM KUMAR SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
Association of additive risk of INC I gene with the presence of Diabetes Type 1 andType 2AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Evaluating The Implementation Of The Quality Assurance Agencys Work ProgramAt STAI MU TanjungpinangRUDI HARTONO SYAMSUL BAHRI MAEMUNAH SArsquoDIYAH ENDIN MUJAHIDIN
Evaluation Of Implementation Of Village Middle Education And Training ProgramsIn Batam Health Training Centers (Bapelkes) In Batam City Province Of RiauIslandsENDIN MUJAHIDIN ASMALI RUDI HARTONO
Incidence and types of thyroid tumour in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditisHUSSAIN TAHER ALBAAJ AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
The gender traits of completed suicide committed in unlike periods of the ferganaZAYNITDIN GIYOSOV ULFIDDINKHON MAKHSUMKHONOV IBROKHIMBAKHRIEV SHOKIR BEKNAZAROV JAKHONGIR BEKNAZAROV
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Make-Up Effects Psychological and Sociological PerspectiveALI AL-SAMYDAI MAHA NABU HAJLEH MUSTAFA AKRAM OTHMAN DANAMARIE ENAS ALTATAR HANEEN TAHER RUBA HAMDAN RUAA ALHARAIRYRUDAINA OTHMAN YOUSIF MAHMOOD AL-SAMYDAI
Common side impacts of antibacterial drugs within the treatment of bacterialdiseaseMAVLYANOVA NOZIMA MAMATOVA NODIRA GZAMOVA NAZIFA MUXITDINOVAMAVJUDA SHEROVA ZEBO BURANOVA DILFUZA MUXAMMADJANOVA MADINA
The Effectiveness of Walnuts Extract and Metformin on Blood Sugar LevelReduction in Hyperglycemic Induced Alloxan RatsNURHAEDAR JAFAR NURSYAFITRI RAMADANI NURPUDJI A TASLIM HEALTHYHIDAYANTY AMINUDDIN SYAM YAHYA THAMRIN
Determinants of Medication of Hypertension Patients in Urban and Rural Areas ofSouth SulawesiHASLINDAH IDA LEIDA M THAHA HEALTHY HIDAYANTY WAHIDUDDIN ANDIZULKIFLI DARMAWANSYAH
Resolution of Disputes on Illegal Acts by the Authorities in IndonesiaKARTIKA WIDYA UTAMA YUDHITIYA DYAH SUKMADEWI YOS JOHAN UTAMAIRMA CAHYANINGTYAS
Quality by design (QbD) approach for Design and Development ofVortioxetine hydrobromide Multi-dose nasal spray solution for effectivetreatment of depression In-vitro and In-vivo evaluationPRAFUL MGIRADKAR DEEPA HPATEL
Peculiarities Of The Course Of Hypertonic Disease In Residents Living NearUranium MinesAZIMOVA SB BOZORALIEV SHB TALIPOVA NK RAKHMATULLAEV EA
Prevalence of Leishmaniasis (Cutaneous and Visceral) in Basrah Provincebetween 2013 and 2018MANAL ISMAEL KHALEEL
Cytotoxic effect of avocado (Persea americana) seed extract containing quercetinin T47D cells by inducing apoptotic pathway in vitro and in silicoNI PUTU LINDA LAKSMIANI NI NYOMAN SAVITRI MEGA ARWANAWATI PUTU CIAINTANIA WARNAYA ANAK AGUNG GEDE RAI YADNYA PUTRA
The Employment of FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics to IdentifyUnallowed Synthetic Drugs in Herbal ProductDHARMASTUTI CAHYA FATMARAHMI RATNA ASMAH SUSIDARTI RESPATI TRISWASONO ABDUL ROHMAN
COVID-19 Triggers The Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis A Case Report ofUncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes MellitusSULTAN M ALSHAHRANI NAJIM Z ALSHAHRANI KHALED M ALAKHALI
In vivo antigenotoxic potential of sesame oil against cyclophosphamide inducedgenotoxicity and oxidative stress in micePANKAJ TRIPATHI ABDUL AZIZ HAKAMI ABDULRAHAMAN AWAGI ABDULLAHALTAMAR ABDULMAJEED MOHAMMED JALI ABDUL HAKEEM SIDDIQUI
Effect of empowerment of cadres for dental and oral health before and duringpregnancy (Study at Gunung Anyar Sub-district Surabaya Indonesia in 2020)IDA CHAIRANNA MAHIRAWATIE RATIH LARASATI
Evaluation of Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Sansevieria Trifasciata P onAlopecia Androgenic Rabbit MaleHENNY KASMAWATI RESMI MUSTARICHIE ELI HALIMAH RUSLIN
A New Approach for Bioavailability Enhancement of Cefpodoxime as EntericCoated Sustained Release BeadsCSAI KISHAN AFRASIM MOIN P K KULKARNI KALAISELVI R MEENAKSHI SSHARADHA M SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Comparison Of Gas Manreg Simulated Low Flow Anaesthesia With Real-Time UsingSevoflurane - Air Oxygen MixtureDRRAVISHANKARM DRBALASUBRAMANIAN ANUSHA DR VR HEMANTHKUMAR DRSPARTHASARATHY
Design and invitro evaluation of olmesartan medoxomil floating tabletsSACHIN B AGLAWE AMOL U GAYKE RAVINDRA S DUKARE RAHUL ASOMWANSHI SATYAM D JAIN VINOD V ANUSE
Cross-sectional study of the association between polycystic ovarysyndrome and uterine septum anomaliesADNAN AH ALBDAIRI MOHEND AN AL-SHALAH
Improvement of endogenous prevention of dental caries in children in organizedchildrens groupsABDUAZIMOVA LA DINIKULOV ZHA ZAKIRKHANOVA SHA ABBASOVA DBKUCHKAROVA MK MAKHKAMOVA FT
Regulating The Fibroblast Growth Into Critical Size Mandibular Bone Defectvia Demineralized Dentin Material Membrane ImplantationPRATIWI SOESILAWATI AGNES PARAMITHA NASTITI MUHAMMAD ALWINOBAYU FIRDAUZY YULIATI YULIATI NOOR HAYATY ABU KASIM
NEFL gene Expression Analysis in a sample of Iraqi Multiple Sclerosis PatientsHASSAN LAFTA ATIYAH ASMAA MOHAMMED SAUD NAWFAL MADHI SHEAHEED
Ex vivo In-vitro and In-silico Neuroprotective Activity of Selected TraditionalMedicinal Plants- A Reverse Pharmacological ApproachYMEGHANA SRIKANTH JEYABALAN
Evaluation of Antiplaque and Antigingivitis Effects of A Herbal MouthwashTHANISH AHAMEDS ARVINA RAJASEKAR
University Studentsrsquo Knowledge on Antibiotic Use in Yogyakarta A Cross-Sectional SurveySUSI ARI KRISTINA SHINTA DIVA EKANANDA MAWARDI IHSAN
Study of Effect of Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil massage on Weight Gain inPreterm NeonatesDR NANDIMALLA VINAY KUMAR DRGGAUTHAM DRSRI SUSHMITHA GOLIDRARCHANA S DRPRATIBHAR DRPRATIBHARK DRVENKAT PK
Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
Bioecological traits of the plant indigofera tinctoria l Under introductionconditionsGULKHAYO TURABOEVA ANARJAN MATKARIMOVA AKMAL TURABOEVTURDIYEVA ODINAKHON
Rotavirus vaccination Knowledge and acceptance among mothers in YogyakartaIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA HARDIKA ADITAMA
Metal Complexes of a Novel Schiff Base Based on Cephalexin depictionMolecular Modeling and Biological Efficacy StudyABDUL SALAM ABDUL KAREEM ABDUL RAHMAN REHAB KADHIM RAHEEMALSHEMARY
In Vitro Quantitative Assessment of Viability of Echinococcus granulosusProtoscoleces after Treatment with Ruta graveolens L Methanolic Extract YASEEN TAHA AL QAISI KHALED M KHLEIFAT SAWSAN ATALLAH ORAN
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
Effect of the polymeric matrix on the physicochemical properties of the Diclofenacsodium loaded fibers in Orodispersible TabletsSURABHI C AFRASIM MOIN GIRISH S H MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAHPREETHI S NITHIN K S DVGOWDA
Gene therapy by studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism(rs11886868 amp rs766432) at the BcL11A gene on the severity of beta-thalassemiadisease in the province of AL-NajafHANAN A ABLAA WISAM NAJI ATIYAH AL-MEHANA IBTIHAL KAREEM MAHDITHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN
Multidose studies in rabbits for determining pharmacokinetic andpharmacodynamic interactions of gliclazide with nutraceuticalROJA RANI BUDHA SANTHRANI THAAKUR GSN KOTESWARA RAOLAVANYA YAIDIKAR RAVI MANNE SV SAI KUMAR SKNASEEB BASHA
The consequences of the pharmaceutical management method according to thetype of hospital facilitySAMIHA BENZEKRI AMINE CHEIKH MOHAMMED ADNANE EL WARTITI AHMEDBENNANA
Development of Esomeprazole Mucoadhesive Timerx TabletsEBY GEORGE ANJALI K BIJU FATHIMA MEETHIAN LINTA BENNY SUVARNAVARGHESE
An Overview on Modern Drug Delivery Nanotechnology for the Management ofAcne VulgrisAISHWARYA REDDY KARTHICK RAMAN SURESHKUMAR
A Review on Liquisolid Technique in the Preparation of Oral Disintegrating TabletsVISHRATH N PREETHI S SHEETAL MJ
Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
Synthesis and Antifungal assay of Analogs Curcumin Dibenzilyden-N-Methyl-4-Piperidone and Dibenzilyden-4-PiperidoneRITMALENI TESIA AISYAH RAHMANIA PRASHINTA NITA DAMAYANTI ERNAPRAWITA SETYOWATI
The Influence of Leadership on Postpartum Service Coverage When MidwivesCollaborate with NursesADRIANA PALIMBO ANDI UMMU SALMAH RIDWAN AMIRUDDIN AMINUDDINSYAM AHMAD SYAHLANI ANGGRITA SARI DEDE MAHDIYAH
Knowledge and events of young married age in west sulawesi provinceAHMADY IRMA MUSLIMIN ANWAR MALLONGI
Comparison Of Warm Water Compresses And Distractions To Reduction Of PainIn Reumatic PatientsSYAHRIR NURUL FUADY FITRYANIA
Evaluation of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Instant Modified CassavaFlour (Mocaf) Substituted Instant Noodles with Variations of Alkali SaltANJAR BRILIANNITA EVITA RIVIANI ACHMADI ANISA TRI HUTAMI MERINTASADA ANWAR MALLONGI
Hygiene Sanitation and Stunting Among Children Under Two Years (0 ndash 23)Months in Central SulawesiDEDI MAHYUDIN SYAM HERLINA SSUNUH AMSAL ANWAR MALLONGI
Minangkabau matrilineal society perception of pregnant womens health servicesDEVI SYARIEF ANDI ZULKIFLI ABDULLAH SURIAH HEALTHY HIDAYANTYGUSLINDA ULFA SURYANI YOLA YOLANDA
Internet addiction and its relationship to academic achievement motivationtowards middle schoolAFKAR FADHIL KAREEM FARHANLAAIZ LUAY ABDULWAHID SHIHAB
Method Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-MassSpectrometric Method (LC-MS) for the Simultaneous Determination of Darunavir inHuman PlasmaDRDAKILADEVI MRSINDIRA PRIYADARSHINI
Analysis Contens of Natrium Benzoate and Sorbic AcidIn Beverage Snack Sold atSDN Karang Tengah Tangerang CityYUSNIDAR YUSUF MOH RAMDHAN NURHABIBAH
The Effect of Corn Hair Tea on Increasing Breast Milk Production in BreastfeedingMothers in the Work Area of the Community Health Center of Kota SelatanGorontalo CityNANCY OLII NURNANINGSIH ALI ABDUL IKA SUHERLIN PUSPITA SUKMAWATIRASYID
GC-MS profiling of white and pink flowers of Catharanthus roseus grown underharsh environmentPRAVEJ ALAM
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Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
Development And Validation Of In-Vitro Dissolution Method For Estimation OfEmtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate And Efavirenz In Tablet Dosage Formby UHPLCNIMIT VASA DRBHAVESH PATEL PARTH PATEL SAGAR SOLANKI
P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
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Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
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Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
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A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
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Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of cadmium in Swiss albino micePRIYANKA DADUPANTHI SHILPA BHARGAVA
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Trends in Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Linezolid and Tigecycline onVarious Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusAYESHA FIRDOSE ASHWINI HEGDE SEVITHA BHAT ARCHANA BHATRADHAKRISHNA M
The Anti-apoptotic Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Effects of Ranolazine onRenal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Adult Male Rats LAMAAN MABBAS AHMED MABDUL HAMEED WEAAM JABBAS MAYSABDULSATAR NAJAH RHADI
Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
Effect of Long Exposure Against Quantity and Quality of DNA in ToothpickSamples as an Alternative for Individual IdentificationBETA NOVIA RIZKY MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA AMIATUN RUTH AHMADYUDIANTO
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Hepatic Encephalopathy Precipitated By Sepsis and Outcome of Its ManagementANUSHA NARAYANAN RAMA P VENU RENJITHA BHASKARAN ROSHNI PR
Enrichment of Gut Ecosystem by Daily Supplementation of Selective ProbioticStrains and Probiotic Complex in Dysbiosis Condition of AutismKSUNAND GKRISHNA MOHAN VASUDHA BAKSHI
Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
Assessing Patient Satisfaction with Community Pharmacy Services in Yogyakarta
IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
Perception of Stroke Warning Symptoms in At-Risk Patients SOMSAK THOJAMPA SIRIKANOK KLANKHAJHON WUTTICHAI SAHATTECHOORAWAN PAIROJWOOTTIPONG JIRAPA JUNBUA
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Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Nanoemulsion Containing Mixed HerbalExtract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic RatsERINDYAH R WIKANTYASNING NURCAHYANTI WAHYUNINGTYAS SHARIDAFAKURAZI MUHAMMAD DArsquoI
The Effectiveness of Phosphate Solvent Rhizosphere Bacteria in Stimulating theGrowth of Rice PlantsA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI MASNIAWATI A YANI
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Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Film Loaded With Ibuprofen for BuccalDeliveryMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H AFRASIM MOIN SHAILESH T YASHAS M S AMIT BPATIL MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Evaluation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing amine fluoride on gingivalstatus - a clinical investigationMUNAZ MULLA MUSHIR MULLA RAJESH KASHYAP SHASHIKANTH HEGDE ARUNKUMAR MAIYA MYTHRI SARPANGALA FAZLUR RAHMAN SAYED
Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
Implementation of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Lung Tuberculosis UsingFuzzy TsukamotoDAHLAN ABDULLAH
Development of urban agglomeration under the influence of driving forcesSHVETS IYU IRINA SHVETS
Effect of Ethanol n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Marsilea crenata PreslLeaves on ERszlig Expressions of Neurons in Estrogen-Deficient Female MiceMANGESTUTIAGIL HENINGLASWATI NENY PURWITASARI RADELLA AULIAADITYARA FRISCHA AYU WIDIASARI
Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
Biological activities of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub flowers on skin carecosmeticsNARIN KAKATUM YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
Development and Validation of Absorbance Subtraction Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Atorvastatin Calcium and Sildenafil Using UV SpectrophotometerSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation ofAtorvastatin Calcium and SildenafilSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
Study the Incidence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among PregnantWomen in Basrah-IraqISMAAL JMIA ABAS SHEREEN AL-ALI
Stability of Dexamethasone Oral Liquid FormulationsMALATHE A ALSHAWI NAWAR ADDAI MOHAMMED SATTAR MAZIN N MOUSABADER S ALABDULLAH
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
Diagnosis of Rota Virus Infection in Mosul Pediatric Hospitals UsingImmunological and Molecular MethodsJALAL MOHAMMED ZUHDI JALAL ANWAR SALIH SAIHOOD AREEJ SALIHSAIHOOD
Detection of lead in soil and Ziziphusspina-christi in Mosul city northern of IraqIYAD ABID ALMUHSIN AHMED HUSEEIN REYAM NAJI AJMI ESTABRAQMOHAMMED ATI3 HUDA FAROOQ ZAKI
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E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
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EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
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Dear Ahmad
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Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
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Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
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Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
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DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
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Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
Biological activities of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub flowers on skin carecosmeticsNARIN KAKATUM YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
Development and Validation of Absorbance Subtraction Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Atorvastatin Calcium and Sildenafil Using UV SpectrophotometerSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation ofAtorvastatin Calcium and SildenafilSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
Study the Incidence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among PregnantWomen in Basrah-IraqISMAAL JMIA ABAS SHEREEN AL-ALI
Stability of Dexamethasone Oral Liquid FormulationsMALATHE A ALSHAWI NAWAR ADDAI MOHAMMED SATTAR MAZIN N MOUSABADER S ALABDULLAH
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
Diagnosis of Rota Virus Infection in Mosul Pediatric Hospitals UsingImmunological and Molecular MethodsJALAL MOHAMMED ZUHDI JALAL ANWAR SALIH SAIHOOD AREEJ SALIHSAIHOOD
Detection of lead in soil and Ziziphusspina-christi in Mosul city northern of IraqIYAD ABID ALMUHSIN AHMED HUSEEIN REYAM NAJI AJMI ESTABRAQMOHAMMED ATI3 HUDA FAROOQ ZAKI
Formulation and Evaluation of BILAYR Floating Tablet of LevetiracetamHAMAD KADHUM MAARIZ WEDAD K ALI FATIMA A TWFEEQ
Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
Cloning of Anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Nanobody Gene bypComb3xss Vector into ER2738 Bacterial SystemRANA SH ISMAIL AWATIF H ISSA ABDULELAH A ALMAYAH MAHMOUD GANJI
Role of Toxoplasmosis in the Elevation of Microrna-22 Levels With AbortionBASHEER ABD NASRALLA
Design a Diagnostic Kit for Molecular Identification of Helicobacter pyloriHANEEN B AL-WAELI DHAFAR N AL-UGAILI ZAINAB SH KHALAF
E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
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Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
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Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
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IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Cost of Illness Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in IndonesiaYUNITA NITA DIAS PUTRI WARDANASARI DIVA ARIADNE CERELIA FITRINURMALASARI TUTUT DWI CAHYATI ABDUL RAHEM LIZA PRISTIANTYMUFARRIHAH
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Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
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Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
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Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
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Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
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DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
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Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
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Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
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Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
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Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
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EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
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Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (IJPR) is an intentional Journal which is published quarterly in EnglishJournal publishes papers review articles and short communications dealing with drug controlled release systemspharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics pharmacogenomics biopharmaceutics drug and prodrug design pharmaceuticalanalysis drug stability quality control pharmaceutical engineering and materials sciencePharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Technology pharmacognosy natural product research pharmaceutics novel drug delivery pharmaceutical ampmedicinal chemistry computational chemistry and molecular drug design pharmacology pharmaceutical analysis pharmacypractice clinical and hospital pharmacy etc IJPR would take much care in making your article published without much delaywith your kind cooperation IJPR hopes that Researchers Research scholars Academician Industrialists etc would make use ofthis research publications for the development of pharmaceutical science and technology
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SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
Analytical determination of triphala and its dosage forms ie triphala kwathaand triphala masi an ayurvedic dosage formsDRGRIVA BHATT MS BHUMI KANTARIYA DRMEHUL MEHTA
Estimation of Total Phenolic Total Flavonoid Content and Assessment of in vitroAntioxidant Activity of Extracts of plant Maytenus emarginata stembarkUMESH PRABHAKAR JOSHI RAJENDRA DAYARAM WAGH
Career satisfaction among community hospital industrial and academicpharmacy professionalsELHAM ALSHAMMARI ASMAA SABRI ALHARBI NADA ALSALEH KHLOODALDOSSARY YASMEEN ALANAZI AHLAM ALSHAMMARI
Metal complexes with heteroscorpionate ligand founded on the pyridinaminegroup cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor antimicrobial antioxidant and in vitrocytotoxicity notional studiesAESHAH MUHANA MOHAMMED REHAB KADHEM RAHEM AL-SHEMARY
Eco-friendly and Efficient Composition Diagnosis Theoretical kinetic studiesAntibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Mixed Some Metal Complexes ofTridentate Schiff base Ligand NOOR M MAJEED SUHA ABDAL-SAHAB REHAB K AL-SHEMARY
Complexes of Co(II) Cu(II) Ni(II) Pt(II) And Pd(II) with N3O-Chelating LigandIncorporating Azo and Schiff Base Moieties Synthesis SpectroscopicThermal Decomposition Theoretical Studies and thermodynamicparameters HIYAM HADI ALKAM WASAN MOHAMMED ALWAN REHAB KADHIMRAHEEM ALSHEMARY
Newly Developed Flow Injection Analysis Method for The Determination ofPropranolol Hydrochloride Using UV-light of Low-Pressure Hg Lamp andDetection of Scattered Light by Multi Solar Cells at 2x90oNAGHAM S TURKEY AL AWADIE OMAR A YASSIN
Analysis of outcome following early exploration of radial nerve palsy associatedwith closed shaft of humerus fracturesSUGUMAR N J BENJAMIN VINODH ARCHA ANNA
Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Method on Episiotomy Suturing Pain Among PrimiGravida MothersMARY MINOLIN T RANJITHA R
KAP Of Hypertensive Patients in South Indian PopulationARAVINDA SWAMI P R T SARAVANA KUMAR MANOHAR BABU S
Assessment Of Drug Compliance And Targeted Pharmacist Intervention In AcuteIschemic Stroke PatientVARSHITHA NAKKA SUREKHA PUSAPATI AJAY MANUKONDA DR SKUMARAVELU VARA PRASAD SAKA
Intermittent dosing of isotretinoinNADA ALSALEH ELHAM ALSHAMMARI
Larvicidal activity of isolated fatty acids from Senegalia rugata podsMOUNICA PONUGOTI SIVA PRASAD PANDAC UMASANKARKULANDAIVELU D GSN KOTESWARA RAOE RAJASEKHAR REDDYALAVALA F CHAKRAVARTHI GUNTUPALIG DSNBK PRASANTHH
Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk) A Rich Extract Loaded Floating MicroballoonsAdvance Therapy to Treat and Manage Gastric UlcerRANJITHA M UMA NITHYASHREE RS SHOUVIK KUMAR D SASIPRIYA SVSTANMOY GHOSH KAMATCHI SUNDARA SARAVANAN MOHAMMAD AZAMTHULLA
Effervescent Tablet Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Gong-GongShell Waste (Strombus turturella) SUCI FITRIANI SAMMULIA HASYRUL HAMZAH CHAERUL FADLYMOCHTAR AMELINDA OKTAVIANI
Development And Evaluation Of Solid-Lipid Nanoparti-cles Loaded WithGemcitabine For Delivery Through Pulmonary RouteRACHNA M KUMAR AFRASIM MOIN MERRYL DSILVA SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
Design And Development Of Gemcitabine Nanoemulsion For Pulmonary DeliveryMERRYL DrsquoSILVA AFRASIM MOIN RACHNAM KUMAR SIDDARAMAIAH DVGOWDA
Association of additive risk of INC I gene with the presence of Diabetes Type 1 andType 2AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Evaluating The Implementation Of The Quality Assurance Agencys Work ProgramAt STAI MU TanjungpinangRUDI HARTONO SYAMSUL BAHRI MAEMUNAH SArsquoDIYAH ENDIN MUJAHIDIN
Evaluation Of Implementation Of Village Middle Education And Training ProgramsIn Batam Health Training Centers (Bapelkes) In Batam City Province Of RiauIslandsENDIN MUJAHIDIN ASMALI RUDI HARTONO
Incidence and types of thyroid tumour in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditisHUSSAIN TAHER ALBAAJ AWS RASSUL HUSSAIN AL-SALIH
Oral Health Care Services in IndiaSIDDHARTHAN S NYI NYI NAING NADIAH WAN-ARFAH ALI A ASSIRY ABDULHABEEB ADIL
The gender traits of completed suicide committed in unlike periods of the ferganaZAYNITDIN GIYOSOV ULFIDDINKHON MAKHSUMKHONOV IBROKHIMBAKHRIEV SHOKIR BEKNAZAROV JAKHONGIR BEKNAZAROV
The Effect of Giving Yellow Pumkin Seed (C Moschata d) Biscuits on Hemoglobin(Hb) Levels and Zinc (Zn) Status pf Pregnant Women with Chronic EnergyDeficiency in Bone District South SulawesiNGURAH SUKARYA AMINUDDIN SYAM MASNI ABDUL SALAM BURHANUDDINBAHAR SYAMSIAR S RUSSENG
Make-Up Effects Psychological and Sociological PerspectiveALI AL-SAMYDAI MAHA NABU HAJLEH MUSTAFA AKRAM OTHMAN DANAMARIE ENAS ALTATAR HANEEN TAHER RUBA HAMDAN RUAA ALHARAIRYRUDAINA OTHMAN YOUSIF MAHMOOD AL-SAMYDAI
Common side impacts of antibacterial drugs within the treatment of bacterialdiseaseMAVLYANOVA NOZIMA MAMATOVA NODIRA GZAMOVA NAZIFA MUXITDINOVAMAVJUDA SHEROVA ZEBO BURANOVA DILFUZA MUXAMMADJANOVA MADINA
The Effectiveness of Walnuts Extract and Metformin on Blood Sugar LevelReduction in Hyperglycemic Induced Alloxan RatsNURHAEDAR JAFAR NURSYAFITRI RAMADANI NURPUDJI A TASLIM HEALTHYHIDAYANTY AMINUDDIN SYAM YAHYA THAMRIN
Determinants of Medication of Hypertension Patients in Urban and Rural Areas ofSouth SulawesiHASLINDAH IDA LEIDA M THAHA HEALTHY HIDAYANTY WAHIDUDDIN ANDIZULKIFLI DARMAWANSYAH
Resolution of Disputes on Illegal Acts by the Authorities in IndonesiaKARTIKA WIDYA UTAMA YUDHITIYA DYAH SUKMADEWI YOS JOHAN UTAMAIRMA CAHYANINGTYAS
Quality by design (QbD) approach for Design and Development ofVortioxetine hydrobromide Multi-dose nasal spray solution for effectivetreatment of depression In-vitro and In-vivo evaluationPRAFUL MGIRADKAR DEEPA HPATEL
Peculiarities Of The Course Of Hypertonic Disease In Residents Living NearUranium MinesAZIMOVA SB BOZORALIEV SHB TALIPOVA NK RAKHMATULLAEV EA
Prevalence of Leishmaniasis (Cutaneous and Visceral) in Basrah Provincebetween 2013 and 2018MANAL ISMAEL KHALEEL
Cytotoxic effect of avocado (Persea americana) seed extract containing quercetinin T47D cells by inducing apoptotic pathway in vitro and in silicoNI PUTU LINDA LAKSMIANI NI NYOMAN SAVITRI MEGA ARWANAWATI PUTU CIAINTANIA WARNAYA ANAK AGUNG GEDE RAI YADNYA PUTRA
The Employment of FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics to IdentifyUnallowed Synthetic Drugs in Herbal ProductDHARMASTUTI CAHYA FATMARAHMI RATNA ASMAH SUSIDARTI RESPATI TRISWASONO ABDUL ROHMAN
COVID-19 Triggers The Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis A Case Report ofUncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes MellitusSULTAN M ALSHAHRANI NAJIM Z ALSHAHRANI KHALED M ALAKHALI
In vivo antigenotoxic potential of sesame oil against cyclophosphamide inducedgenotoxicity and oxidative stress in micePANKAJ TRIPATHI ABDUL AZIZ HAKAMI ABDULRAHAMAN AWAGI ABDULLAHALTAMAR ABDULMAJEED MOHAMMED JALI ABDUL HAKEEM SIDDIQUI
Effect of empowerment of cadres for dental and oral health before and duringpregnancy (Study at Gunung Anyar Sub-district Surabaya Indonesia in 2020)IDA CHAIRANNA MAHIRAWATIE RATIH LARASATI
Evaluation of Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Sansevieria Trifasciata P onAlopecia Androgenic Rabbit MaleHENNY KASMAWATI RESMI MUSTARICHIE ELI HALIMAH RUSLIN
A New Approach for Bioavailability Enhancement of Cefpodoxime as EntericCoated Sustained Release BeadsCSAI KISHAN AFRASIM MOIN P K KULKARNI KALAISELVI R MEENAKSHI SSHARADHA M SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Comparison Of Gas Manreg Simulated Low Flow Anaesthesia With Real-Time UsingSevoflurane - Air Oxygen MixtureDRRAVISHANKARM DRBALASUBRAMANIAN ANUSHA DR VR HEMANTHKUMAR DRSPARTHASARATHY
Design and invitro evaluation of olmesartan medoxomil floating tabletsSACHIN B AGLAWE AMOL U GAYKE RAVINDRA S DUKARE RAHUL ASOMWANSHI SATYAM D JAIN VINOD V ANUSE
Cross-sectional study of the association between polycystic ovarysyndrome and uterine septum anomaliesADNAN AH ALBDAIRI MOHEND AN AL-SHALAH
Improvement of endogenous prevention of dental caries in children in organizedchildrens groupsABDUAZIMOVA LA DINIKULOV ZHA ZAKIRKHANOVA SHA ABBASOVA DBKUCHKAROVA MK MAKHKAMOVA FT
Regulating The Fibroblast Growth Into Critical Size Mandibular Bone Defectvia Demineralized Dentin Material Membrane ImplantationPRATIWI SOESILAWATI AGNES PARAMITHA NASTITI MUHAMMAD ALWINOBAYU FIRDAUZY YULIATI YULIATI NOOR HAYATY ABU KASIM
NEFL gene Expression Analysis in a sample of Iraqi Multiple Sclerosis PatientsHASSAN LAFTA ATIYAH ASMAA MOHAMMED SAUD NAWFAL MADHI SHEAHEED
Ex vivo In-vitro and In-silico Neuroprotective Activity of Selected TraditionalMedicinal Plants- A Reverse Pharmacological ApproachYMEGHANA SRIKANTH JEYABALAN
Evaluation of Antiplaque and Antigingivitis Effects of A Herbal MouthwashTHANISH AHAMEDS ARVINA RAJASEKAR
University Studentsrsquo Knowledge on Antibiotic Use in Yogyakarta A Cross-Sectional SurveySUSI ARI KRISTINA SHINTA DIVA EKANANDA MAWARDI IHSAN
Study of Effect of Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil massage on Weight Gain inPreterm NeonatesDR NANDIMALLA VINAY KUMAR DRGGAUTHAM DRSRI SUSHMITHA GOLIDRARCHANA S DRPRATIBHAR DRPRATIBHARK DRVENKAT PK
Substance Abuse in India Need for Strategic FrameworkDRPUJA JAISWAL
Bioecological traits of the plant indigofera tinctoria l Under introductionconditionsGULKHAYO TURABOEVA ANARJAN MATKARIMOVA AKMAL TURABOEVTURDIYEVA ODINAKHON
Rotavirus vaccination Knowledge and acceptance among mothers in YogyakartaIndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA MEITA ANNISA HARDIKA ADITAMA
Metal Complexes of a Novel Schiff Base Based on Cephalexin depictionMolecular Modeling and Biological Efficacy StudyABDUL SALAM ABDUL KAREEM ABDUL RAHMAN REHAB KADHIM RAHEEMALSHEMARY
In Vitro Quantitative Assessment of Viability of Echinococcus granulosusProtoscoleces after Treatment with Ruta graveolens L Methanolic Extract YASEEN TAHA AL QAISI KHALED M KHLEIFAT SAWSAN ATALLAH ORAN
A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents A ReviewDEVANJALI BHATTACHARJEE PREETHI S AMIT B PATIL VIKAS JAIN
Effect of the polymeric matrix on the physicochemical properties of the Diclofenacsodium loaded fibers in Orodispersible TabletsSURABHI C AFRASIM MOIN GIRISH S H MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAHPREETHI S NITHIN K S DVGOWDA
Gene therapy by studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism(rs11886868 amp rs766432) at the BcL11A gene on the severity of beta-thalassemiadisease in the province of AL-NajafHANAN A ABLAA WISAM NAJI ATIYAH AL-MEHANA IBTIHAL KAREEM MAHDITHUALFAKAR HAYDER HASAN
Multidose studies in rabbits for determining pharmacokinetic andpharmacodynamic interactions of gliclazide with nutraceuticalROJA RANI BUDHA SANTHRANI THAAKUR GSN KOTESWARA RAOLAVANYA YAIDIKAR RAVI MANNE SV SAI KUMAR SKNASEEB BASHA
The consequences of the pharmaceutical management method according to thetype of hospital facilitySAMIHA BENZEKRI AMINE CHEIKH MOHAMMED ADNANE EL WARTITI AHMEDBENNANA
Development of Esomeprazole Mucoadhesive Timerx TabletsEBY GEORGE ANJALI K BIJU FATHIMA MEETHIAN LINTA BENNY SUVARNAVARGHESE
An Overview on Modern Drug Delivery Nanotechnology for the Management ofAcne VulgrisAISHWARYA REDDY KARTHICK RAMAN SURESHKUMAR
A Review on Liquisolid Technique in the Preparation of Oral Disintegrating TabletsVISHRATH N PREETHI S SHEETAL MJ
Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
Synthesis and Antifungal assay of Analogs Curcumin Dibenzilyden-N-Methyl-4-Piperidone and Dibenzilyden-4-PiperidoneRITMALENI TESIA AISYAH RAHMANIA PRASHINTA NITA DAMAYANTI ERNAPRAWITA SETYOWATI
The Influence of Leadership on Postpartum Service Coverage When MidwivesCollaborate with NursesADRIANA PALIMBO ANDI UMMU SALMAH RIDWAN AMIRUDDIN AMINUDDINSYAM AHMAD SYAHLANI ANGGRITA SARI DEDE MAHDIYAH
Knowledge and events of young married age in west sulawesi provinceAHMADY IRMA MUSLIMIN ANWAR MALLONGI
Comparison Of Warm Water Compresses And Distractions To Reduction Of PainIn Reumatic PatientsSYAHRIR NURUL FUADY FITRYANIA
Evaluation of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Instant Modified CassavaFlour (Mocaf) Substituted Instant Noodles with Variations of Alkali SaltANJAR BRILIANNITA EVITA RIVIANI ACHMADI ANISA TRI HUTAMI MERINTASADA ANWAR MALLONGI
Hygiene Sanitation and Stunting Among Children Under Two Years (0 ndash 23)Months in Central SulawesiDEDI MAHYUDIN SYAM HERLINA SSUNUH AMSAL ANWAR MALLONGI
Minangkabau matrilineal society perception of pregnant womens health servicesDEVI SYARIEF ANDI ZULKIFLI ABDULLAH SURIAH HEALTHY HIDAYANTYGUSLINDA ULFA SURYANI YOLA YOLANDA
Internet addiction and its relationship to academic achievement motivationtowards middle schoolAFKAR FADHIL KAREEM FARHANLAAIZ LUAY ABDULWAHID SHIHAB
Method Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-MassSpectrometric Method (LC-MS) for the Simultaneous Determination of Darunavir inHuman PlasmaDRDAKILADEVI MRSINDIRA PRIYADARSHINI
Analysis Contens of Natrium Benzoate and Sorbic AcidIn Beverage Snack Sold atSDN Karang Tengah Tangerang CityYUSNIDAR YUSUF MOH RAMDHAN NURHABIBAH
The Effect of Corn Hair Tea on Increasing Breast Milk Production in BreastfeedingMothers in the Work Area of the Community Health Center of Kota SelatanGorontalo CityNANCY OLII NURNANINGSIH ALI ABDUL IKA SUHERLIN PUSPITA SUKMAWATIRASYID
GC-MS profiling of white and pink flowers of Catharanthus roseus grown underharsh environmentPRAVEJ ALAM
Cyanidin 3-O-(6rsquo-Malonylglucoside) as an Inhibitor of Oestrogen Receptor Beta (ErBeta) - An Insilico ApproachANUSHAB JAYNTHY CHELLAM
Correlation between Glycated Hemoglobin values and the Lipid profile in Type 2diabetic patientsGOZIF MOHAMMED NOMAR MANSOUR ABDULNABI HMEHDI FADEL YSAL-ARABI MADHUKAR MFAWADE
The Therapeutic Effect of Tratak Karma A Review ArticleDRAPARNA BAGUL DRREKHA PARMAR VDARUN VAIDYA DRKRISHNARATHOD
The Cytotoxicity Assays of Hypoxia Mimicking Agent on Rabbitrsquos (Oryctolaguscuniculus) Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Experimental In Vitro StudyALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA IGO SYAIFUL IHSAN ARIF NUR MUHAMMADANSORI RADEN JOKO KUNCORONINGRAT SUSILO HELEN SUSILOWATI IDABAGUS NARMADA DIAH SAVITRI ERNAWATI FEDIK ABDUL RANTAM
Some Aspects of Modeling in the Study of COVID-19 DataSYED KHALID MUSTAFA VYACHESLAV LYASHENKO NAMEER AHAMADMOHAMMAD REHAN AJMAL MAYAZ AHMAD
Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
Design and Evaluation of Solid Self-Emulsifying IBUPROFEN Pellets withCommercial Available IBUPROFEN TabletsKALAISELVI R CSAI KISHAN KOWSALYA N AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAHDVGOWDA
Relationship among Scrotal Size Body Weight and Feedstuffs of Bali Cattle BullProductivityABYADUL FITRIYAH MULYOTO PANGESTU SUPRIYONO ABDUL FATTAH
Prevalence of Dental Erosion and Associated Risk Factors among SchoolChildren aged 6 to 10 years A Cross-Sectional StudyDR PRIYANKA DANTHAM DR HEMA MANVI BADI DR SIVAKUMAR NUVVULA
Core-Shell Nanoparticle Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Hyaluronic Acid asAbsorbable Dressing Based Hydrogel Post-Gingivectomy A ReviewMARTINING SHOFFA PUSPITANINGRUM MOHAMMAD ALI MAKSUM DEVY PUTRIKUSUMAWARDHANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA
An Overview of Buccal Drug Delivery SystemRENU MISHRA DRSUSHMA VERMA
Maternal Factors Affecting the Incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) inIndonesiaMIFTAHUL ARSYI BESRAL
Interrelation of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors as a Predictor of EarlyClinical Prediction of Schizophrenia with Paroxysmal CourseMARK LAZAREVICH AGRANOVSKIY MAHFUZA ALIMOVNA DOLIMOVAABDURAHMON ALISHEROVICH MIRZAEV SHAVKAT KHABIBULLAYEVAISLAMOVABDUVOHID HATAMOVICH KARIMOV
Synthesis Characterization of Diazepine-Bicycles System and Study of their Bio-BehaviorDR NAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI RABAB MAHDI UBAID MAHMOOD
Chalcone-Heterocyclic Derivatives (Synthesis Spectral Identification MicrobialEvaluation)HUTHAM ABD ALI ABD AL HUSSAIN DRNAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI
Strengthening of Social Capital through Penta Helix Model in HandlingCovid-19 PandemicAMBO UPE ZULHAM IBRAHIM MUHAMMAD ARSYAD ADI SUMANDIYARARYUNI SALPIANA JABAR
A Novel Biometric Recognition System for FingerprintUsing Polar HarmonicTransformANLI SHERINE DRGENO PETER
Henry Girouxs Progressive Educational thought in the Perspective of EducationalPhilosophyNUR KHASANAH FATAH SYUKUR ABDUL WAHIB ACHMAD IRWAN HAMZANIHAVIS ARAVIK
Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal Complications in Twin PregnanciesMARZIEH GHASEMI NARJES NOORI ALIREZA DASHIPOUR ARGHAVANFARAZMAND
Comparison between Water Birth and Land Birth in Terms of Delivery DurationLabor Need to Drug Birthing and Neonatal OutcomesFATEMEH TARA TARANEH ARBABZADE MAHBOUBEH PARACHEH SOODABEHREZAEE MARZIEH GHASEMI HAMEE ASHRAF
Classification of Patients with Polymorphism szlig Fibrinogen Gene - 455GA byApplying K-Nearest Neighbor Computation Method in Administering FibrinogenLevelsAL-KHOWARIZMI MARISCHA ELVENY RAHMAD SYAH
Preparation of Benzothiazole-Formazane Reagents and Studying of (SpectralThermal Scanning Microscopy Biological Evaluation)MOHAMMED NAWFAL ABDUL MAGED ALKHAFAJI DR NAGHAM MAHMOODALJAMALI
Investigating Community Decisions in Online Medicines PurchasingANAK AGUNG SAGUNG NARITHI MAHARANI ANAK AGUNG NGURAH EDDYSUPRIYADINATHA GORDA
Wearing Compression Shorts on Reduced Lactate Accumulation FollowingStrenuous Exercise From Basketball-Specific Fatigue Program in Elite MaleBasketball PlayersTAWATCHAI PLOYDANG SOMPOL SANGUANRUNGSIRIKUL WILAI ANOMASIRI
Validation of Real Time PCR (TaqMan) Approach in Diagnosing Patients withTuberculosis in Northeast of IranMALIHEH BEHBODI GRO MEHRI HOSSEINI LEILA MANZOURI ASGHAR SHARIFISEYED ABDOLRAHIM REZAEE OWRANG EILAMI SEYED REZA KHOSRAVANISEYED ABDOLMAJID KHOSRAVANI
Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
Development And Validation Of In-Vitro Dissolution Method For Estimation OfEmtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate And Efavirenz In Tablet Dosage Formby UHPLCNIMIT VASA DRBHAVESH PATEL PARTH PATEL SAGAR SOLANKI
P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
Characterization and Evaluation of combination of Aromatase InhibitorResveratrol and Docetaxel against ER positive cell lines MCF-7 and ER negativecell lines MDAMB231 in Breast CancerPREETI SINGH SHIV KR YADAV SATISH SARDANA UROOJ A KHAN RUPAGUPTA
Morphological and ITS Based Characterization of Some Important Fungi Isolatedfrom Desert Soil under Harsh environmentTHAMER HALBALAWI
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
The Clinical Cruciality of Resistin in the Emanation of Polycystic Ovary Syndromein Female Individuals and Its Prediction HAAEL SUBHI ABBAS
Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
The Potential Effect of Metformin Therapy on Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio inPatients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus A New HorizonMOHANAD ADEL MOHAMMED NAWAR R HUSSIEN MARWA S AL-NIEMIHAYDER M ALKURAISHY
Juridical Study on the Dissolution of Religious Activities by CommunityOrganizationsIDIANTO NYOMAN SERIKAT PUTRA JAYA ASEP NANA MULYANA
Nurses Needs and Expectations after Natural Disasters Trauma Based on Valuesand CultureMUSTIKASARI HARIF FADHILLAH ANGGI PRATIWI RINA SETIANA NURSALAM
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A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
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Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
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Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
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Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
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The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
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Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
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Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
Biological activities of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub flowers on skin carecosmeticsNARIN KAKATUM YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
Development and Validation of Absorbance Subtraction Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Atorvastatin Calcium and Sildenafil Using UV SpectrophotometerSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation ofAtorvastatin Calcium and SildenafilSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
Study the Incidence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among PregnantWomen in Basrah-IraqISMAAL JMIA ABAS SHEREEN AL-ALI
Stability of Dexamethasone Oral Liquid FormulationsMALATHE A ALSHAWI NAWAR ADDAI MOHAMMED SATTAR MAZIN N MOUSABADER S ALABDULLAH
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
Diagnosis of Rota Virus Infection in Mosul Pediatric Hospitals UsingImmunological and Molecular MethodsJALAL MOHAMMED ZUHDI JALAL ANWAR SALIH SAIHOOD AREEJ SALIHSAIHOOD
Detection of lead in soil and Ziziphusspina-christi in Mosul city northern of IraqIYAD ABID ALMUHSIN AHMED HUSEEIN REYAM NAJI AJMI ESTABRAQMOHAMMED ATI3 HUDA FAROOQ ZAKI
Formulation and Evaluation of BILAYR Floating Tablet of LevetiracetamHAMAD KADHUM MAARIZ WEDAD K ALI FATIMA A TWFEEQ
Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
Cloning of Anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Nanobody Gene bypComb3xss Vector into ER2738 Bacterial SystemRANA SH ISMAIL AWATIF H ISSA ABDULELAH A ALMAYAH MAHMOUD GANJI
Role of Toxoplasmosis in the Elevation of Microrna-22 Levels With AbortionBASHEER ABD NASRALLA
Design a Diagnostic Kit for Molecular Identification of Helicobacter pyloriHANEEN B AL-WAELI DHAFAR N AL-UGAILI ZAINAB SH KHALAF
E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
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Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
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my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
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Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
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Henry Girouxs Progressive Educational thought in the Perspective of EducationalPhilosophyNUR KHASANAH FATAH SYUKUR ABDUL WAHIB ACHMAD IRWAN HAMZANIHAVIS ARAVIK
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
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P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
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Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
The Clinical Cruciality of Resistin in the Emanation of Polycystic Ovary Syndromein Female Individuals and Its Prediction HAAEL SUBHI ABBAS
Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
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A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
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Trends in Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Linezolid and Tigecycline onVarious Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusAYESHA FIRDOSE ASHWINI HEGDE SEVITHA BHAT ARCHANA BHATRADHAKRISHNA M
The Anti-apoptotic Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Effects of Ranolazine onRenal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Adult Male Rats LAMAAN MABBAS AHMED MABDUL HAMEED WEAAM JABBAS MAYSABDULSATAR NAJAH RHADI
Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
Effect of Long Exposure Against Quantity and Quality of DNA in ToothpickSamples as an Alternative for Individual IdentificationBETA NOVIA RIZKY MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA AMIATUN RUTH AHMADYUDIANTO
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Hepatic Encephalopathy Precipitated By Sepsis and Outcome of Its ManagementANUSHA NARAYANAN RAMA P VENU RENJITHA BHASKARAN ROSHNI PR
Enrichment of Gut Ecosystem by Daily Supplementation of Selective ProbioticStrains and Probiotic Complex in Dysbiosis Condition of AutismKSUNAND GKRISHNA MOHAN VASUDHA BAKSHI
Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
Assessing Patient Satisfaction with Community Pharmacy Services in Yogyakarta
IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
Perception of Stroke Warning Symptoms in At-Risk Patients SOMSAK THOJAMPA SIRIKANOK KLANKHAJHON WUTTICHAI SAHATTECHOORAWAN PAIROJWOOTTIPONG JIRAPA JUNBUA
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Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Nanoemulsion Containing Mixed HerbalExtract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic RatsERINDYAH R WIKANTYASNING NURCAHYANTI WAHYUNINGTYAS SHARIDAFAKURAZI MUHAMMAD DArsquoI
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Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Film Loaded With Ibuprofen for BuccalDeliveryMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H AFRASIM MOIN SHAILESH T YASHAS M S AMIT BPATIL MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
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The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Evaluation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing amine fluoride on gingivalstatus - a clinical investigationMUNAZ MULLA MUSHIR MULLA RAJESH KASHYAP SHASHIKANTH HEGDE ARUNKUMAR MAIYA MYTHRI SARPANGALA FAZLUR RAHMAN SAYED
Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
Implementation of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Lung Tuberculosis UsingFuzzy TsukamotoDAHLAN ABDULLAH
Development of urban agglomeration under the influence of driving forcesSHVETS IYU IRINA SHVETS
Effect of Ethanol n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Marsilea crenata PreslLeaves on ERszlig Expressions of Neurons in Estrogen-Deficient Female MiceMANGESTUTIAGIL HENINGLASWATI NENY PURWITASARI RADELLA AULIAADITYARA FRISCHA AYU WIDIASARI
Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
Biological activities of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub flowers on skin carecosmeticsNARIN KAKATUM YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
Development and Validation of Absorbance Subtraction Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Atorvastatin Calcium and Sildenafil Using UV SpectrophotometerSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation ofAtorvastatin Calcium and SildenafilSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
Study the Incidence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among PregnantWomen in Basrah-IraqISMAAL JMIA ABAS SHEREEN AL-ALI
Stability of Dexamethasone Oral Liquid FormulationsMALATHE A ALSHAWI NAWAR ADDAI MOHAMMED SATTAR MAZIN N MOUSABADER S ALABDULLAH
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
The Effect of Diet Variation on Cadherin Expression Using CD 326 on GastricMucosa in Male MiceHAIDER A JAFFAR HIBA M RASOOL
Diagnosis of Rota Virus Infection in Mosul Pediatric Hospitals UsingImmunological and Molecular MethodsJALAL MOHAMMED ZUHDI JALAL ANWAR SALIH SAIHOOD AREEJ SALIHSAIHOOD
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
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Prebiotic-Inulin as the Major Water Soluble Carbohydrates from MarineCyanobacterium Phormidium formosumIBRAHEEM BORIE RABAB MOHAMMED REHAM G ELKOMY MOHAMEDSHREADAH
Synthesis and Antifungal assay of Analogs Curcumin Dibenzilyden-N-Methyl-4-Piperidone and Dibenzilyden-4-PiperidoneRITMALENI TESIA AISYAH RAHMANIA PRASHINTA NITA DAMAYANTI ERNAPRAWITA SETYOWATI
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The Effect of Corn Hair Tea on Increasing Breast Milk Production in BreastfeedingMothers in the Work Area of the Community Health Center of Kota SelatanGorontalo CityNANCY OLII NURNANINGSIH ALI ABDUL IKA SUHERLIN PUSPITA SUKMAWATIRASYID
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Some Aspects of Modeling in the Study of COVID-19 DataSYED KHALID MUSTAFA VYACHESLAV LYASHENKO NAMEER AHAMADMOHAMMAD REHAN AJMAL MAYAZ AHMAD
Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
Design and Evaluation of Solid Self-Emulsifying IBUPROFEN Pellets withCommercial Available IBUPROFEN TabletsKALAISELVI R CSAI KISHAN KOWSALYA N AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAHDVGOWDA
Relationship among Scrotal Size Body Weight and Feedstuffs of Bali Cattle BullProductivityABYADUL FITRIYAH MULYOTO PANGESTU SUPRIYONO ABDUL FATTAH
Prevalence of Dental Erosion and Associated Risk Factors among SchoolChildren aged 6 to 10 years A Cross-Sectional StudyDR PRIYANKA DANTHAM DR HEMA MANVI BADI DR SIVAKUMAR NUVVULA
Core-Shell Nanoparticle Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Hyaluronic Acid asAbsorbable Dressing Based Hydrogel Post-Gingivectomy A ReviewMARTINING SHOFFA PUSPITANINGRUM MOHAMMAD ALI MAKSUM DEVY PUTRIKUSUMAWARDHANI ALEXANDER PATERA NUGRAHA
An Overview of Buccal Drug Delivery SystemRENU MISHRA DRSUSHMA VERMA
Maternal Factors Affecting the Incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) inIndonesiaMIFTAHUL ARSYI BESRAL
Interrelation of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors as a Predictor of EarlyClinical Prediction of Schizophrenia with Paroxysmal CourseMARK LAZAREVICH AGRANOVSKIY MAHFUZA ALIMOVNA DOLIMOVAABDURAHMON ALISHEROVICH MIRZAEV SHAVKAT KHABIBULLAYEVAISLAMOVABDUVOHID HATAMOVICH KARIMOV
Synthesis Characterization of Diazepine-Bicycles System and Study of their Bio-BehaviorDR NAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI RABAB MAHDI UBAID MAHMOOD
Chalcone-Heterocyclic Derivatives (Synthesis Spectral Identification MicrobialEvaluation)HUTHAM ABD ALI ABD AL HUSSAIN DRNAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI
Strengthening of Social Capital through Penta Helix Model in HandlingCovid-19 PandemicAMBO UPE ZULHAM IBRAHIM MUHAMMAD ARSYAD ADI SUMANDIYARARYUNI SALPIANA JABAR
A Novel Biometric Recognition System for FingerprintUsing Polar HarmonicTransformANLI SHERINE DRGENO PETER
Henry Girouxs Progressive Educational thought in the Perspective of EducationalPhilosophyNUR KHASANAH FATAH SYUKUR ABDUL WAHIB ACHMAD IRWAN HAMZANIHAVIS ARAVIK
Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal Complications in Twin PregnanciesMARZIEH GHASEMI NARJES NOORI ALIREZA DASHIPOUR ARGHAVANFARAZMAND
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Investigating Community Decisions in Online Medicines PurchasingANAK AGUNG SAGUNG NARITHI MAHARANI ANAK AGUNG NGURAH EDDYSUPRIYADINATHA GORDA
Wearing Compression Shorts on Reduced Lactate Accumulation FollowingStrenuous Exercise From Basketball-Specific Fatigue Program in Elite MaleBasketball PlayersTAWATCHAI PLOYDANG SOMPOL SANGUANRUNGSIRIKUL WILAI ANOMASIRI
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
Development And Validation Of In-Vitro Dissolution Method For Estimation OfEmtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate And Efavirenz In Tablet Dosage Formby UHPLCNIMIT VASA DRBHAVESH PATEL PARTH PATEL SAGAR SOLANKI
P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
Characterization and Evaluation of combination of Aromatase InhibitorResveratrol and Docetaxel against ER positive cell lines MCF-7 and ER negativecell lines MDAMB231 in Breast CancerPREETI SINGH SHIV KR YADAV SATISH SARDANA UROOJ A KHAN RUPAGUPTA
Morphological and ITS Based Characterization of Some Important Fungi Isolatedfrom Desert Soil under Harsh environmentTHAMER HALBALAWI
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
The Clinical Cruciality of Resistin in the Emanation of Polycystic Ovary Syndromein Female Individuals and Its Prediction HAAEL SUBHI ABBAS
Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
The Potential Effect of Metformin Therapy on Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio inPatients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus A New HorizonMOHANAD ADEL MOHAMMED NAWAR R HUSSIEN MARWA S AL-NIEMIHAYDER M ALKURAISHY
Juridical Study on the Dissolution of Religious Activities by CommunityOrganizationsIDIANTO NYOMAN SERIKAT PUTRA JAYA ASEP NANA MULYANA
Nurses Needs and Expectations after Natural Disasters Trauma Based on Valuesand CultureMUSTIKASARI HARIF FADHILLAH ANGGI PRATIWI RINA SETIANA NURSALAM
Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicansfrom Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
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Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of cadmium in Swiss albino micePRIYANKA DADUPANTHI SHILPA BHARGAVA
Response of blood groups to COVID-19 infection TAMER I ABDEL-WAHAB SHERIF I ABDEL-WAHAB EMAN I ABDEL-WAHABMANAL MADEL
Trends in Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Linezolid and Tigecycline onVarious Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusAYESHA FIRDOSE ASHWINI HEGDE SEVITHA BHAT ARCHANA BHATRADHAKRISHNA M
The Anti-apoptotic Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Effects of Ranolazine onRenal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Adult Male Rats LAMAAN MABBAS AHMED MABDUL HAMEED WEAAM JABBAS MAYSABDULSATAR NAJAH RHADI
Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
Effect of Long Exposure Against Quantity and Quality of DNA in ToothpickSamples as an Alternative for Individual IdentificationBETA NOVIA RIZKY MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA AMIATUN RUTH AHMADYUDIANTO
Application of Strict Liability Concept to Companies that Commit Crimes ofEnvironmental DestructionARSHINTA FITRI DIYANI ARIEF HIDAYAT RETNO SARASWATI
Development of Bank Secrecy Principle Regulations to Uncover Crimes andIncrease State Revenue in IndonesiaDHIAN INDAH ASTANTI AGA NATALIS
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Multimoda Mosquito Killer BG-360 andPhotocatalyst Mosquito amp Fly trapsMUBARAK TRI BASKORO TUNGGUL SATOTO SRI HARTINI ALVA EDY TONTOWI
Chili Peppers Extract Could Prevent Kidney Stone IncidenceANAS KHALEEL TALAL SALEM AL-QAISI ABDALLAH AHMED ELBAKKOUSHMOHAMMAD NIAZI HUSNI S FARAH KHALED ABDUL-AZIZ AHMED RAFATABUTALEB
Hepatic Encephalopathy Precipitated By Sepsis and Outcome of Its ManagementANUSHA NARAYANAN RAMA P VENU RENJITHA BHASKARAN ROSHNI PR
Enrichment of Gut Ecosystem by Daily Supplementation of Selective ProbioticStrains and Probiotic Complex in Dysbiosis Condition of AutismKSUNAND GKRISHNA MOHAN VASUDHA BAKSHI
Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
Assessing Patient Satisfaction with Community Pharmacy Services in Yogyakarta
IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
Perception of Stroke Warning Symptoms in At-Risk Patients SOMSAK THOJAMPA SIRIKANOK KLANKHAJHON WUTTICHAI SAHATTECHOORAWAN PAIROJWOOTTIPONG JIRAPA JUNBUA
Comparative Analysis of Abortion Arrangement on the Draft Criminal Code (RuuKuhp) and Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 36 of 2009 Concerning HealthMUHAMMAD DZIKIRULLAH H NOHO BUDI SANTOSO PARAMITAPRANANINGTYAS ROFI WAHANISA
Anticonvulsant activity of alcoholic leaf extract of Centella asiatica in ratsM S UMAMAGESWARI V RHEVANTH T M KARTHIKEYAN
Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Nanoemulsion Containing Mixed HerbalExtract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic RatsERINDYAH R WIKANTYASNING NURCAHYANTI WAHYUNINGTYAS SHARIDAFAKURAZI MUHAMMAD DArsquoI
The Effectiveness of Phosphate Solvent Rhizosphere Bacteria in Stimulating theGrowth of Rice PlantsA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI MASNIAWATI A YANI
Sexual dimorphism using Gonial Angle in children related to diet andenvironment in Surabaya IndonesiaMIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA MONICA HARIEMMY PUTRI AROFIKURNIAWAN HARYONO UTOMO ANrsquoNISAA CHUSIDA AGUNG SOSIAWANBETA NOVIA RIZKY MARIA ISTIQOMAH MARINI
Identification and Evaluation of Medication Errors in Pre- and Post-Operative SettingSWATHI SWAROOPA B PRITHIKA S I SHIVA S V MANASA K RUDRANI TSADAGOBAN G K
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Film Loaded With Ibuprofen for BuccalDeliveryMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H AFRASIM MOIN SHAILESH T YASHAS M S AMIT BPATIL MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Reconstruction of Social Support Approach Model for Tuberculosis PatientsABDHADY J ANDI AGUSTANG ARLIN ADAM HARIANI AMBO UPE INDAH AINUNMUTIARA
Mothers Knowledge about Stimulation Towards Rough Motoric Development ofToddlers Aged 36-59 MonthsHELLEN FEBRIYANTI NUR ALFI FAUZIAH INGGIT PRIMADEVI ADE TYASMAYASARI KOMALASARI IIS TRI UTAMI LINDA PUSPITA
Active Cycle of Breathing to Respiratory Rate in Patients with Lung TuberculosisDIAN ARIF WAHYUDI ADHESTY NOVITA XANDA NIKEN SUKESI LINDA PUSPITAPSIARI KUSUMA WARDANI EVA YURLINA DWI OKTARIYANI HAMID MUKHLIS
The Analysis of Stunting Event Factors in ToddlerFERI KAMELIAWATI RISKA HEDIYA PUTRI FLORENTIUS YOGIE PRATAMA
Nurse Caring Behavior Towards Patients Satisfaction at In-Patient of PublicHealth CenterYENNY MARTHALENA HARDONO JANU PURWONO NUR SEFA ARIEFHERMAWAN RITA SARI USWATUN HASANAH NURY LUTHFIYATIL FITRI
Digital Content Marketing Strategy in Increasing Customer Engagement inCovid-19 SituationANGGA FEBRIAN SATRIA BANGSAWAN MAHRINASARI MS AYI AHADIAT
Improving Management Effectiveness by Strengthening TransformationalLeadership Self Efficacy and Learning Organization in Covid-19 PandemicJOKO TRIMULYO SOEWARTO HARDHIENATA WIDODO SUNARYO MZAINAL ARIFIN
Improvement of Professional Commitments by Strengthening AchievingMotivation in Covid-19 EraTAUFIK THAMRIN ABDULLAH SRI SETYANINGSIH M ZAINAL ARIFIN
The Reliability of Dental Age Estimation in Adults Using the PulpTooth Ratio inSurabaya Indonesia PopulationAROFI KURNIAWAN M RIZKY RAFIANTO WIBOWO BETA NOVIA RIZKY MARIAISTIQOMAH MARINI DR ANrsquoNISAA CHUSIDA DR MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA
Physicochemical Characterization Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities ofConjugated Chitosan-Ferulic Acid on Various Radical Initiators SystemKHOIRUN NISA MUSLIH ANWAR NURINA INDIRAYATI WIDA BANARKUSUMANINGRUM
TLC Bioautography In Vitro Antiradical and Antioxidant Activities of LeavesExtract of Bauhinia Acuminata Linn (Caesalpiniaceae)SUDIPTA CHAKRABORTY NN BALA SUDIPTA DAS
PCOD Overview A Journey from Ayurveda to AllopathyNAYANA KALE DEEPAL TAANK HARSHADA KADAM GAURI KAPHARE SWATITALELE ANIL JADHAV
In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
The Carbofuran Exposure During Lactation Period in Reducing the MotoricReflexes and Memory in Infant Mice (Mus musculus)EPY MUHAMMAD LUQMAN WIDJIATI EKA PRAMYRTHA HESTIANAH GRACIAANGELINA HENDARTI LITA RAKHMA YUSTINASARI VISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN
Hofbauer Cells and Nuclear Factor of Kappa Beta on Rats Placenta that BlackCarbon ExposureWAHYU HARGIYANTO VISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN WIDJIATI WIDJIATI EPYMUHAMMAD LUQMAN
Cost of Illness Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in IndonesiaYUNITA NITA DIAS PUTRI WARDANASARI DIVA ARIADNE CERELIA FITRINURMALASARI TUTUT DWI CAHYATI ABDUL RAHEM LIZA PRISTIANTYMUFARRIHAH
The effect of learning methods age and vital capacity of the lungs on thelearning outcomes of 50 meter breaststroke swimming skillsSUKIRI RAMDAN PELANA YUSMAWATI OMAN UNJU SUBANDI ABDULKHOLIK EKAFITRI
Identification of Lead Compounds from Plant Secondary Metabolites to TargetNon-Structural Protein (Ns5) of Dengue Virus by Insilico MethodARUNYA M SIMYA R SIVASANKARI M ARUL JAYANTHI A
Detection of Kaposirsquos Associated Herpesvirus in Saliva of Drug RelatedImmunosupressed PatientSHATHA F ABDULLAH SAMARA MOWAFFAQ ALI
Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
Design Development And Evaluation Of Antidiabetc Matrix Tablets Using NaturalAnd Synthetic PolymersHIMABINDU PEDDAPALLI MADHURIKA SIRIGADI MD FAHEEMUDDINRAMKOTESWARA RAO AMARA ANANDA KUMAR CHETTUPALLI
Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Evaluation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing amine fluoride on gingivalstatus - a clinical investigationMUNAZ MULLA MUSHIR MULLA RAJESH KASHYAP SHASHIKANTH HEGDE ARUNKUMAR MAIYA MYTHRI SARPANGALA FAZLUR RAHMAN SAYED
Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
Implementation of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Lung Tuberculosis UsingFuzzy TsukamotoDAHLAN ABDULLAH
Development of urban agglomeration under the influence of driving forcesSHVETS IYU IRINA SHVETS
Effect of Ethanol n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Marsilea crenata PreslLeaves on ERszlig Expressions of Neurons in Estrogen-Deficient Female MiceMANGESTUTIAGIL HENINGLASWATI NENY PURWITASARI RADELLA AULIAADITYARA FRISCHA AYU WIDIASARI
Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
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Cost Variation Analysis among Different Brands of Same Drugs in the CardiologyPrescriptions and Its Effect on Patients AffordabilityKEERTHANA GC VAISHNAVI K SURUTHY R S JAGADEESAN M
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Chalcone-Heterocyclic Derivatives (Synthesis Spectral Identification MicrobialEvaluation)HUTHAM ABD ALI ABD AL HUSSAIN DRNAGHAM MAHMOOD ALJAMALI
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Henry Girouxs Progressive Educational thought in the Perspective of EducationalPhilosophyNUR KHASANAH FATAH SYUKUR ABDUL WAHIB ACHMAD IRWAN HAMZANIHAVIS ARAVIK
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Public Perception on COVID-19 in IndiaN K UDAYA PRAKASH R VISHALATCHI J SUSHMA K SHOPAN BABU SBHUVANESWARI B SAMPATH KUMAR
Study of Prescribing Pattern of Drugs in the Management of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease in An Urban HospitalHAROLED PETER P L MADHUSUDHAN S CKDHANAPAL P THIRUPATHYKUMARESAN
Green Synthesis of Nanoceria and Evaluation of Their Antiulcerogenic ActivityANIL KUMAR S RAMESH A
Behavioral Analysis Of Customer Through Customer Review And Profile UsingChi-Square MethodDRSARVJEET KAUR
Stability Indicating Analytical Method for Estimation of Related substances ofAnti-HIV Drugs in Fixed dose Tablet Formulation by RP-HPLCPARTH PATEL TYPASHA SHYAMAL PATEL BHUPAT VIHOL SAGAR SOLANKIJUHI SADIWALA
Development And Validation Of In-Vitro Dissolution Method For Estimation OfEmtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate And Efavirenz In Tablet Dosage Formby UHPLCNIMIT VASA DRBHAVESH PATEL PARTH PATEL SAGAR SOLANKI
P-glycoprotein Mediated Enhanced Bioavailability of Novel Corona Virus Drugsthrough Immunomodulatory Herbs ndash In silico approachCHANDANA ROY PRATITI GHOSH
Characterization and Evaluation of combination of Aromatase InhibitorResveratrol and Docetaxel against ER positive cell lines MCF-7 and ER negativecell lines MDAMB231 in Breast CancerPREETI SINGH SHIV KR YADAV SATISH SARDANA UROOJ A KHAN RUPAGUPTA
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Antifungal Activity of Allium Sativum L And Mentha Piperita L against CAlbicans
from Clinical SamplesHAYFAA ALMABROOK HARISON MASIH
Genetically Modified Cells as Novel Methods Used for Gene Therapy ASIA ABED AL-MAHMOOD EHAN ABDULHADI AL-SHARIFI
The Clinical Cruciality of Resistin in the Emanation of Polycystic Ovary Syndromein Female Individuals and Its Prediction HAAEL SUBHI ABBAS
Inside Participants Regional Development Planning in Indonesia Study ofDemocracy Aspect in Justice Perspective Amartya Sen TITUTTITUT AMALIA YOS JOHAN UTAMA ANI PURWANTI
The Potential Effect of Metformin Therapy on Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio inPatients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus A New HorizonMOHANAD ADEL MOHAMMED NAWAR R HUSSIEN MARWA S AL-NIEMIHAYDER M ALKURAISHY
Juridical Study on the Dissolution of Religious Activities by CommunityOrganizationsIDIANTO NYOMAN SERIKAT PUTRA JAYA ASEP NANA MULYANA
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A modern method experimental for treating breast cancer using exemestane drugby hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography)VIPUL PRAJAPATI DRAKRUTI S KHODAKIYA
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Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of cadmium in Swiss albino micePRIYANKA DADUPANTHI SHILPA BHARGAVA
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Trends in Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Linezolid and Tigecycline onVarious Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusAYESHA FIRDOSE ASHWINI HEGDE SEVITHA BHAT ARCHANA BHATRADHAKRISHNA M
The Anti-apoptotic Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Effects of Ranolazine onRenal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Adult Male Rats LAMAAN MABBAS AHMED MABDUL HAMEED WEAAM JABBAS MAYSABDULSATAR NAJAH RHADI
Covid-19 Awareness Among The Patients Visiting OrthodontistsDRKAVITHA M DRKRITHIKA A DRDEENADAYALAN P DRDEEPAK CDRDHIVYA DILIPKUMAR DRPRAVEEN K
Effect of Long Exposure Against Quantity and Quality of DNA in ToothpickSamples as an Alternative for Individual IdentificationBETA NOVIA RIZKY MIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA AMIATUN RUTH AHMADYUDIANTO
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Hepatic Encephalopathy Precipitated By Sepsis and Outcome of Its ManagementANUSHA NARAYANAN RAMA P VENU RENJITHA BHASKARAN ROSHNI PR
Enrichment of Gut Ecosystem by Daily Supplementation of Selective ProbioticStrains and Probiotic Complex in Dysbiosis Condition of AutismKSUNAND GKRISHNA MOHAN VASUDHA BAKSHI
Power Relations in the Virtual Public Sphere to National Resilience Building inIndonesiaROFIrsquoAH ROFIrsquoAH SUMARDJO SARWITITI SARWOPRASEDJO DJUARA P LUBIS
Assessing Patient Satisfaction with Community Pharmacy Services in Yogyakarta
IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
Perception of Stroke Warning Symptoms in At-Risk Patients SOMSAK THOJAMPA SIRIKANOK KLANKHAJHON WUTTICHAI SAHATTECHOORAWAN PAIROJWOOTTIPONG JIRAPA JUNBUA
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Anticonvulsant activity of alcoholic leaf extract of Centella asiatica in ratsM S UMAMAGESWARI V RHEVANTH T M KARTHIKEYAN
Improvement of hospital discharge summary among patients with moderateto severe acute heart failure Pharmacist ndashbased intervention HELEN FARIS MARZOOG MANAL KHALID ABDULRIDHA SHOKRY FAAZNASSIR
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Nanoemulsion Containing Mixed HerbalExtract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic RatsERINDYAH R WIKANTYASNING NURCAHYANTI WAHYUNINGTYAS SHARIDAFAKURAZI MUHAMMAD DArsquoI
The Effectiveness of Phosphate Solvent Rhizosphere Bacteria in Stimulating theGrowth of Rice PlantsA HERWATI B PATANDJENGI M JAYADI MASNIAWATI A YANI
Sexual dimorphism using Gonial Angle in children related to diet andenvironment in Surabaya IndonesiaMIEKE SYLVIA MARGARETHA MONICA HARIEMMY PUTRI AROFIKURNIAWAN HARYONO UTOMO ANrsquoNISAA CHUSIDA AGUNG SOSIAWANBETA NOVIA RIZKY MARIA ISTIQOMAH MARINI
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Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Film Loaded With Ibuprofen for BuccalDeliveryMAITHRI SHANBHOGUE H AFRASIM MOIN SHAILESH T YASHAS M S AMIT BPATIL MEENAKSHI S SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
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Physicochemical Characterization Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities ofConjugated Chitosan-Ferulic Acid on Various Radical Initiators SystemKHOIRUN NISA MUSLIH ANWAR NURINA INDIRAYATI WIDA BANARKUSUMANINGRUM
TLC Bioautography In Vitro Antiradical and Antioxidant Activities of LeavesExtract of Bauhinia Acuminata Linn (Caesalpiniaceae)SUDIPTA CHAKRABORTY NN BALA SUDIPTA DAS
PCOD Overview A Journey from Ayurveda to AllopathyNAYANA KALE DEEPAL TAANK HARSHADA KADAM GAURI KAPHARE SWATITALELE ANIL JADHAV
In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
The Carbofuran Exposure During Lactation Period in Reducing the MotoricReflexes and Memory in Infant Mice (Mus musculus)EPY MUHAMMAD LUQMAN WIDJIATI EKA PRAMYRTHA HESTIANAH GRACIAANGELINA HENDARTI LITA RAKHMA YUSTINASARI VISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN
Hofbauer Cells and Nuclear Factor of Kappa Beta on Rats Placenta that BlackCarbon ExposureWAHYU HARGIYANTO VISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN WIDJIATI WIDJIATI EPYMUHAMMAD LUQMAN
Cost of Illness Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in IndonesiaYUNITA NITA DIAS PUTRI WARDANASARI DIVA ARIADNE CERELIA FITRINURMALASARI TUTUT DWI CAHYATI ABDUL RAHEM LIZA PRISTIANTYMUFARRIHAH
The effect of learning methods age and vital capacity of the lungs on thelearning outcomes of 50 meter breaststroke swimming skillsSUKIRI RAMDAN PELANA YUSMAWATI OMAN UNJU SUBANDI ABDULKHOLIK EKAFITRI
Identification of Lead Compounds from Plant Secondary Metabolites to TargetNon-Structural Protein (Ns5) of Dengue Virus by Insilico MethodARUNYA M SIMYA R SIVASANKARI M ARUL JAYANTHI A
Detection of Kaposirsquos Associated Herpesvirus in Saliva of Drug RelatedImmunosupressed PatientSHATHA F ABDULLAH SAMARA MOWAFFAQ ALI
Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
Design Development And Evaluation Of Antidiabetc Matrix Tablets Using NaturalAnd Synthetic PolymersHIMABINDU PEDDAPALLI MADHURIKA SIRIGADI MD FAHEEMUDDINRAMKOTESWARA RAO AMARA ANANDA KUMAR CHETTUPALLI
Evaluation of Involvement of Adrenergic Receptor Modulator in ExperimentalDiabetes Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Related Dementia in RatsBMSHARMA BHUPESH SHARMA
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Various Fractions of Trigonella Foenum Graecum LLeaves in Experimental Animal ModelsVGGAJERA DRAYADAV DRDPSHAH
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Occuserts of -Cyclodextrin ComplexGNAVEEN DATTA SHARADHA M CSAI KISHAN SIDDARAMAIAH D V GOWDA
Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
The Restoration and Development of Physical and Sports Movement in the Ussr in40S (Post-War) ndash 50S of the XX CenturySERGEY AKASINTSEV TATYANA V PINCHUK OLGA N RUSSU ILYA V KUTINANATOLII F SHCHERBINA
Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation with AlexNet Feature Extraction forClassification of Mammogram ImagesTSATHYA PRIYA DRTRAMAPRABHA
Using The Inter-Branch Balance Method For Qualitative Characteristics Of TheDigital Economic System Of The StateKIRILCHUK SVETLANA PETROVNA NALYVAYCHENKO EKATERINAVLADIMIROVNA CHERNYAVAYA ANNA LEONIDOVNA OLKHOVAYA GALINAVIKTOROVNA KAMINSKAIA ANNA OLEGOVNA
Water Quality Assessment of Ground and River Water in Lashkar Gah city ofHelmand Province AfghanistanAHMAD ANSARI MUHAMMAD MUKHLISIN ALPER BABA LSIVARAMA KRISHNA
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Exon 4 IGF-1 Gene withSperm Quality in Bali BullsMASKUR MUHAMMAD MUHSININ TAPAUL ROZI MADE SRIASIHCHAIRUSSYUHUR ARMAN AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Self-Management System of Nurdin Hamzah Regional Hospital in Poisonousand Hazardous Material (B3) Waste Processing Analyzed from the OccupationalSafety and Health of Hospital Aspect
DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
The Impact of Covid 19 on Increasing the Cost of Labor and Project Price in theUnited Arab EmiratesHAMDAN MOHAMED AL MANSOORI ALANOUD BANDAR ALSAUD HARITH YAS
Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract Protects Against Oxidative Stress andAntiangiogenic Factor in LNAME-Induced Preeclampsia RatsDIAN NUGRAHENNY DR SETYAWATI SOEHARTO DR NUR PERMATASARIACHMAD RUDIJANTO DR I WAYAN ARSANA WIYASA EDI WIDJAJANTOMOHAMMAD ARIS WIDODO DR KARYONO MINTAROEM ELLY MAYANGSARI
Strategy for Improving Marketing Performance of Small Industry through Order-Based Cloning Product CapabilityGUNISTIYO JAKAWASKITO DIEN NOVIANY RAHMATIKA ACHMAD IRWANHAMZANI
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives forAntidiabetic Properties DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Evaluation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing amine fluoride on gingivalstatus - a clinical investigationMUNAZ MULLA MUSHIR MULLA RAJESH KASHYAP SHASHIKANTH HEGDE ARUNKUMAR MAIYA MYTHRI SARPANGALA FAZLUR RAHMAN SAYED
Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus office hysteroscopy for the evaluationof uterine cavity and cervical canal before IVFBASSIONY DABIAN AKMAL EL-MAZNY AHMED EL LITHY AYMAN TAHER
A Novel Approach to Perform ECG Signal Identification and Segmentation Basedon PanTompkins and Hamilton-Tompkins AlgorithmJREXY PVELMANI TCRAJAKUMAR
Implementation of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Lung Tuberculosis UsingFuzzy TsukamotoDAHLAN ABDULLAH
Development of urban agglomeration under the influence of driving forcesSHVETS IYU IRINA SHVETS
Effect of Ethanol n-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Marsilea crenata PreslLeaves on ERszlig Expressions of Neurons in Estrogen-Deficient Female MiceMANGESTUTIAGIL HENINGLASWATI NENY PURWITASARI RADELLA AULIAADITYARA FRISCHA AYU WIDIASARI
Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult HoodLILIANA PUSPA SARI RAMDAN PELANA HERU SANTOSA KINTOKO ROCHADIRAHAYU LUBIS DICKY HENDRAWAN
Water Resource Management through the Effects and Fairness of Water UserOrganizations toward Agricultural Administrations Using Rural Traditional Rulesand RegulationsPRASIT PRAKONGSRI TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Juvenile delinquencyrsquos perceptions of their offensive crimes to their routing lifepaths by the Court SystemJIRAWON TANWATTANAKUL A NILAWAN CHANTHAPREEDA A SARANYA TTIENPRASERT A TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Leader-follower interpersonal behaviours of the great mass spectacular oncitizenry recognition for participants in the political change into the PeoplesDemocratic Reform Committee (PDRC) Group in 2013- 2014 Thai political crisisSURIYASAI KATASILA TOANSAKUL SANTIBOON
Faculty Memberrsquos Perception about Traditional and Integrated UndergraduateDental CurriculumMINAL VAIBHAV AWINASHE DHAFAR AL ASMARI VAIBHAV NANDAKUMARAWINASHE PUNEET GUPTA4 SHILPI GILRA GUPTA
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan(Leaves) Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) onAnxiolytic Activity in MiceBALAKRISHNA VUYYALA DR D SENTHIL KUMAR DR THAKKALAPALLY LAKSHMI
The Process Optimization and Development of Atorvastatin Naringin BilayerTablet by Two-Level Factorial Design Using Design-Expert regDHANISH JOSEPH SRSUSEEM
Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Studies of Some New Oxadiazole Derivatives AsAntidiabetic Agent DR JADHAV SHAILAJA BHANUDAS SALVE MEGHA TUKARAM
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of AmlodipineBesylate Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Calcium from Synthetic MixtureBINNY MEHTA HIRAK JOSHI UJASH SHAH PINAK PATEL
Title A Cross Sectional Study to evaluate the Knowledge Attitude and Practicesabout SARS CoV-2 amongst Medical StudentsPRADNYA DEOLEKAR PRAMILA YADAV OORJASHARAF SIDDHI DOSHIAAKANSHA SINGH ANAM YAHYA VIVEK RAI
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sensorimotor functions in diabeticperipheral neuropathy a controlled randomized trialAHMED MELSHINNAWY AMIR N WADEE SIHAM M FAHMY AHMED M TAWFICK
Time to Success and Its Prognostic Factors among Patients with MyringoplastySurgery
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Strategic Role of Family Hope Programs in Improving Educational Quality asPoverty Alleviation EffortsINDRIATI AMIRULLAH A NURHAYATI AMIRULLAH ANNE ABDUL RACHMANABDUL SAHID ILYAS YUSRIADI YUSRIADI
Biological activities of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub flowers on skin carecosmeticsNARIN KAKATUM YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
Protective Effects of 4-Allyl pyrocatechol Against Chemotherapy InducedPeripheral NeuropathyTIRUPATHI RAO ANNAVARAPU SUJANA KAMEPALLI
Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
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ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
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DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
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EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
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Area Efficient Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Using Booth Multiplier forNetwork Applications KAVITHA K R VIJAYALAKSHMI S JOTHI SNEHA M
Effect of high-intensity exercise on blood glucose level IRPAN EFENDI RAMBE ERMI GIRSANG AHMAD RAIF REFI IKHTIARI
Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
Effectiveness hypnotherapy in pregnancy for stress salivary a-amylase and szlig-endorphinFINTA ISTI KUNDARTI NOOR PRAMONO ARI SUWONDO
Development and Validation of Absorbance Subtraction Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Atorvastatin Calcium and Sildenafil Using UV SpectrophotometerSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation ofAtorvastatin Calcium and SildenafilSHAIKH RIZWAN N DR SUFIYAN AHMAD DR SHAIKH SIRAJ NAWAJ
Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi-Qar- IraqSUHA NADEM MUHSIN HUDA NATIQ FARIS
Study the Incidence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among PregnantWomen in Basrah-IraqISMAAL JMIA ABAS SHEREEN AL-ALI
Stability of Dexamethasone Oral Liquid FormulationsMALATHE A ALSHAWI NAWAR ADDAI MOHAMMED SATTAR MAZIN N MOUSABADER S ALABDULLAH
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening with Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofMerabilis Jalapa Leaves Cultivated in IraqDHUHA A ALSHAMMAA MUNAF H ZALZALA NOOR S JAAFAR MAHA N HAMAD
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Diagnosis of Rota Virus Infection in Mosul Pediatric Hospitals UsingImmunological and Molecular MethodsJALAL MOHAMMED ZUHDI JALAL ANWAR SALIH SAIHOOD AREEJ SALIHSAIHOOD
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Evaluation the Effect of Glutaraldehyde Solution Addition on Some MechanicalProperties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base MaterialNUSAIBA M MUHAMMAD DR HANAN A KHALAF
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E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
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Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Dear Ahmad
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In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Phlorotannins from Sargassum Ilicifolium
ABINAYA M LAVANYA R NAGARAJ V
The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) To Ovary Activity and TheExpression of LH Receptors in Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus) DESI WULANSARI D WIDJIATI WURLINA SRI PANTJA MADYAWATI VISKI FITRIHENDRAWAN EPY MUHAMMAD
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The effect of learning methods age and vital capacity of the lungs on thelearning outcomes of 50 meter breaststroke swimming skillsSUKIRI RAMDAN PELANA YUSMAWATI OMAN UNJU SUBANDI ABDULKHOLIK EKAFITRI
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Detection of Kaposirsquos Associated Herpesvirus in Saliva of Drug RelatedImmunosupressed PatientSHATHA F ABDULLAH SAMARA MOWAFFAQ ALI
Development and Evaluation of Controlled Release Badam Gum SpherulesContaining Aceclofenac Sodium and Paracetamol to Improve Patient ComplianceSURAJ S AMIT B PATIL AFRASIM MOIN SIDDARAMAIAH MEENAKSHI S D VGOWDA
Assessment of fluoride levels in ground water samplesGAYATHRI KALLURI JAGADEESH POLICHERLA BYRAGI REDDY T RATNASRAVANTHI K PAYALA VIJAYALAKSHMI
Patient-Information-Leaflets (PILs) Awareness and Knowledge investigation inJordanADEN WALID AL-SHAMAILEH ABDALLAH M ALJARAJREH EMAN ZMAILYDAHMASH WAEL ABU DAYYIH ANAS KHALEEL
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Prevalence of Stress Anxiety and Depression among Pharm D StudentsRINA TRIPATHI AHMAD A ALBARRAQ SAAD S ALQAHTANI PANKAJ TRIPATHISHYAM SUNDER PANCHOLI
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DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
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EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
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Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
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8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
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Cit Y V l
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Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
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0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
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2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
IndonesiaSUSI ARI KRISTINA AMADEA SYLVA LIENANINGRUM HARDIKA ADITAMA
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EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
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Formulation and Evaluation of BILAYR Floating Tablet of LevetiracetamHAMAD KADHUM MAARIZ WEDAD K ALI FATIMA A TWFEEQ
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E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
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DWI NOERJOEDIANTO ANDI SUBANDI AHMAD FUDHOLI
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Subject area Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics General Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
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3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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India
SUBJECT AREA ANDCATEGORY
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
PUBLISHER
Advanced ScienticResearch
H-INDEX
13
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Journals
ISSN
09752366
COVERAGE
2010-2020
INFORMATION
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PharmaceuticalSciencePharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics(miscellaneous)
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International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (IJPR) is an intentional Journal which is published quarterly in EnglishJournal publishes papers review articles and short communications dealing with drug controlled release systemspharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics pharmacogenomics biopharmaceutics drug and prodrug design pharmaceuticalanalysis drug stability quality control pharmaceutical engineering and materials sciencePharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Technology pharmacognosy natural product research pharmaceutics novel drug delivery pharmaceutical ampmedicinal chemistry computational chemistry and molecular drug design pharmacology pharmaceutical analysis pharmacypractice clinical and hospital pharmacy etc IJPR would take much care in making your article published without much delaywith your kind cooperation IJPR hopes that Researchers Research scholars Academician Industrialists etc would make use ofthis research publications for the development of pharmaceutical science and technology
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FIND SIMILAR JOURNALS
1Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences and ResearchIND
59similarity
2International Journal ofResearch in PharmaceuticalIND
57similarity
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4Biomedical andPharmacology JIND
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SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
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Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
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Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
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Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
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M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Calculated on May
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International Journal of Pharmaceutical ResearchScopus coverage years from to Present
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Subject area Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics General Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
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PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
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Advanced ScienticResearch
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Citations per document
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Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
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Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
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Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
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0
04
08
12
16
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0
250
500
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0
07
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18
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Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
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I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
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SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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200
400
EMY ASMAR BADRUDDIN YU CHYE WAH KOH KIM HUA KSHTRASHAL SINGHSUSMITHA GOVIND
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection via Machine Learning and Deep Learning forDetected of Injury Dependence on CT ScanLAMAN RSULTAN
Anticancer Activity of Curcumin against Growth of Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaA Y PRATAMA I SUFIAWATI R LESMANA U SUPRATMAN
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyBacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from TinyFreshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium LanchesteriKANITTADA THONGKAO YUTTANA SUDJAROEN
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Drug Interactions in Oncology Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors HRIDYA JAYAMOHANAN GOPIKA S KUMAR DIVYA V NAIR NAVYA JOSE UMADEVI P PAVITHRAN K
Influences of Covid 19 on Environment and Its Impact on Community Health inThailand VIJAYA BHASKARA REDDY M SIRIKORN SUTAWATNATCHA SUTTIPAT SIRIRATP SASIKALA
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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ISSN -
Subject area Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics General Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
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E-learning through COVID-19 crisis in Developing CountriesDMAITHAN ALMAJALI QAIS HAMMOURI SAMER BARAKAT
5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
CiteScore
=
Calculated on May
CiteScoreTracker
=
Last updated on March bull Updated monthly
Source details
International Journal of Pharmaceutical ResearchScopus coverage years from to Present
Publisher Advanced Scientic Research
ISSN -
Subject area Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics General Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
View all documents Set document alert Save to source list Source Homepage
CiteScore
SJR
SNIP
CiteScore CiteScore rank amp trend Scopus content coverage
i Improved CiteScore methodology
CiteScore counts the citations received in - to articles reviews conference papers book chapters and data
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GeneralPharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
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3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
COUNTRY
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SUBJECT AREA ANDCATEGORY
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
PUBLISHER
Advanced ScienticResearch
H-INDEX
13
PUBLICATION TYPE
Journals
ISSN
09752366
COVERAGE
2010-2020
INFORMATION
Homepage
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Enter Journal Title ISSN or Publisher Name
Disposable CoverallDisposable Covealls Breathable Fabric Protection in every Detail More Liquid Protection
elbipharmacom OPEN
Universities and researchinstitutions in India
PharmaceuticalSciencePharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics(miscellaneous)
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 228
SCOPE
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (IJPR) is an intentional Journal which is published quarterly in EnglishJournal publishes papers review articles and short communications dealing with drug controlled release systemspharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics pharmacogenomics biopharmaceutics drug and prodrug design pharmaceuticalanalysis drug stability quality control pharmaceutical engineering and materials sciencePharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Technology pharmacognosy natural product research pharmaceutics novel drug delivery pharmaceutical ampmedicinal chemistry computational chemistry and molecular drug design pharmacology pharmaceutical analysis pharmacypractice clinical and hospital pharmacy etc IJPR would take much care in making your article published without much delaywith your kind cooperation IJPR hopes that Researchers Research scholars Academician Industrialists etc would make use ofthis research publications for the development of pharmaceutical science and technology
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3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 328
FIND SIMILAR JOURNALS
1Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences and ResearchIND
59similarity
2International Journal ofResearch in PharmaceuticalIND
57similarity
3Journal of Global PharmaTechnologyIND
47similarity
4Biomedical andPharmacology JIND
42similar
SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
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Dear Ahmad
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MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
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200
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5347| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Research Article
Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
(Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
KANITTADA THONGKAO1
YUTTANA SUDJAROEN1
1Department of Applied Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand Corresponding AuthorEmail ID kanittadathssruacth Received 040121 Revised 090221 Accepted 030321
ABSTRACT Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed
species in Thailand There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms and lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic
susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri Shrimp samples (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Thailand Bacterial isolation and characterization were defined by colony
morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined
by conventional plate count method Antibiotic susceptibility of each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) and fifteen of standard antibiotic discs were used Number of bacteria
in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and contamination was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance for ceftazidime ampicillin
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol This finding was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data for surveillance of outbreak especially in raw or undercooked shrimp and its products consumers especially specific cultural style on food preparation
Keywords antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination foodborne pathogen Macrobranchium lanchesteri tiny freshwater shrimp
INTRODUCTION
Tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) is most economically important and widely in distributed species in Thailand which is commonly resided in South-East Asia such as Thailand Malaysia Singapore Laos and Brunei (De Grave et al 2013) M lanchesteri is living in wide range of natural freshwater including lakes rivers swamps and ponds (Jongyotha 2004) In Northeastern of Thailand M lanchesteri is also majority of food resource for rural area consumption (Uraiwan and Sodsuk 2004) There are consumed as traditional food which are uncooked or cooked and processing in many forms Shrimp paste crispy shrimp ldquoKoi-Kungrdquo ldquoKung-Jomrdquo and fermented with small fish (Phra Ra) are examples of originate food from North-eastern of Thailand and small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) or One Tambon (district) One Product (OTOP) in this area are gain income by local shrimp products (Rottanapradap 2013) In addition M lanchesteri is one of important
organism in food chain of freshwater environments (Thongmee 2012) The incidence of foodborne diseases in many countries are increasing over the last decades and mainly caused by pathogenic contamination in food and especially raw and undercooked food consuming Common symptoms are including vomiting diarrhoea nausea stomach pains and severe weakness Therefore guidelines of pathogenic contaminant control may underestimate andor uncover pathogens which are not generally surveillance and may cause food-borne diseases when intake as raw or inappropriate cooked food (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003) Thus the specific surveillance of pathogenic contaminant should concern in raw or inappropriate cooked product such as shrimp products The WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) was supported to minimize the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the use of
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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Calculated on May
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International Journal of Pharmaceutical ResearchScopus coverage years from to Present
Publisher Advanced Scientic Research
ISSN -
Subject area Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics General Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
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CiteScore
SJR
SNIP
CiteScore CiteScore rank amp trend Scopus content coverage
i Improved CiteScore methodology
CiteScore counts the citations received in - to articles reviews conference papers book chapters and data
papers published in - and divides this by the number of publications published in - Learn more
times
Citations -
Documents -
Citations to date
Documents to date
CiteScore rank
Category Rank Percentile
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
st
GeneralPharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
View CiteScore methodology CiteScore FAQ 128279Add CiteScore to your site
About Scopus
What is Scopus
Content coverage
Scopus blog
Scopus API
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本語に切り替える切换到简体中文
切換到繁體中文
Русский язык
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Help
Contact us
Search Sources Lists SciVal Create account Sign in
Privacy matters
Copyright copy All rights reserved Scopusreg is a registered trademark of Elsevier BV
We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content By continuing you agree to the
Terms and conditions Privacy policy
Elsevier BV
use of cookies
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 128
also developed by scimago SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS
Scimago Journal amp Country Rank
Home Journal Rankings Country Rankings Viz Tools Help About Us
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
COUNTRY
India
SUBJECT AREA ANDCATEGORY
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
PUBLISHER
Advanced ScienticResearch
H-INDEX
13
PUBLICATION TYPE
Journals
ISSN
09752366
COVERAGE
2010-2020
INFORMATION
Homepage
How to publish in thisjournal
infoijpronlinecom
Enter Journal Title ISSN or Publisher Name
Disposable CoverallDisposable Covealls Breathable Fabric Protection in every Detail More Liquid Protection
elbipharmacom OPEN
Universities and researchinstitutions in India
PharmaceuticalSciencePharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics(miscellaneous)
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 228
SCOPE
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (IJPR) is an intentional Journal which is published quarterly in EnglishJournal publishes papers review articles and short communications dealing with drug controlled release systemspharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics pharmacogenomics biopharmaceutics drug and prodrug design pharmaceuticalanalysis drug stability quality control pharmaceutical engineering and materials sciencePharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Technology pharmacognosy natural product research pharmaceutics novel drug delivery pharmaceutical ampmedicinal chemistry computational chemistry and molecular drug design pharmacology pharmaceutical analysis pharmacypractice clinical and hospital pharmacy etc IJPR would take much care in making your article published without much delaywith your kind cooperation IJPR hopes that Researchers Research scholars Academician Industrialists etc would make use ofthis research publications for the development of pharmaceutical science and technology
Join the conversation about this journal
GLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
OpenGLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
Gain credits from Peer ReviewsScientists and authors can join for free and get a certicate for peer reviews
reviewercreditscom OPEN
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟร
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟรไดเลยวนน หลากหลายหวขอใหเลอกสรร
Wall Street English ดาวนโ
Quartiles
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 328
FIND SIMILAR JOURNALS
1Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences and ResearchIND
59similarity
2International Journal ofResearch in PharmaceuticalIND
57similarity
3Journal of Global PharmaTechnologyIND
47similarity
4Biomedical andPharmacology JIND
42similar
SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
larr Show this widget inyour own website
Just copy the code belowand paste within your htmlcode
lta href=httpswwwscimag
A
Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5348| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
antimicrobials in food animals Standards for pathogenic microorganisms in food of organizations working on food safety in Thailand These differences may cause the difference of the microbial quality of foods sold in each kind of the markets In the recent case of Thailand 71 raw food items (vegetables meat fish and sea foods) purchased from open markets exhibited statically (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) In previous study we had reported bacterial contamination in ldquoKung Tenrdquo M lanchesteri spicy salad or dancing shrimp which kind of North-eastern of Thai food that are eaten alive shrimps directly Major bacterial isolates from salad were included Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae Ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic cefuroxime tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance were observed MOX blaCTX-M and Int1 genes were found in some of antibiotic resistance bacteria (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2019) However lack of bacterial contaminant amount and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each pathogen in M lanchesteri were reported for surveillance of food safety and for consumer concerned Hence aims of this study were conducted on 1) isolation and determination of bacterial contaminants and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in M lanchesteri The finding may useful data on public health education which was control foodborne diseases especially in raw food eaten people MATERIALS AND METHODS Shrimp Identification and Collection
M lanchesteri shrimps (N = 50) were purchased from ten of local markets in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces (five marketsprovince) during January to February 2019 This study was exempted for consideration by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat University Ethics Committee (COE1-0072019) Shrimp identification was done by fishery specialist and based on morphological characteristics which was retrieved from the Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand Briefly explain M lanchesteri shrimp is a small species (total length 15-56 mm) rostrum straight or weakly curving dorsal barely reaching or extending slightly beyond antennal scale 6 to 11 (usually 8 or 9) dorsal and 2 to 7 (usually 3 or 4) ventral teeth Twenty-five grams of sample (15-20 shrimpseach sample) was randomly collected for three times from each market Grinded sample was randomly swabbing and then transferred into Stuart transport medium (Thermo Fisher scientific
USA) Sample collection and preparation were conducted by aseptic technique All transporting tubes were preserved with ice-pack and went back to culture within 6-8 hrs
Bacterial Isolation and Characterization
Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed in Biotechnology Laboratory unit Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University The shrimp swabbed samples were streaked and cultured in blood McConkey and chocolate agars at 37degC within 24 h Isolated colonies were defined on morphology and further identified by Grams staining Bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests which were described by Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Interpretation of colony morphology Grams staining and biochemical tests were identified each genus and species of bacterial isolate according by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline (CLSI 2016a)
Bacterial Count in Tiny Freshwater Shrimp
The level of identified bacteria in shrimps was determined by conventional plate count method Briefly decimal serial dilution of shrimp homogenate was 10-2 10-3 10-4 and others as appropriate by broth All dilutions were shaken 25 times within 7 s One millimetre of each dilution was applied to labelled petri dishes (in duplicate) and poured 12-15 ml of plate count agar (cooled to 45 plusmn 1degC) into each plate within 15 min Pour agar and dilution water control plates for each shrimp sample were mixed thoroughly by back-and-forth motion of plates on flat level surface and leave the agar solid Solidified petri dishes were incubated for 48 plusmn 2 h at 35degC Report of aerobic plate counts were calculated from duplicate plates and represented as colonies forming units CFU (American Public Health Association 1984 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990)
Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility
The evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility for each bacterial isolate was determined by agar disc diffusion method (KirbyndashBauer test) Isolated colony was inoculated and enriched in Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37degC within 3-4 h Bacterial suspension was concentrated 108 CFUmL and approximately determined by 05 McFarland turbidity standard solution or optical density was 008 to 005 from spectrophotometer measurement Each bacterial suspension (01 ml) was spread on Mueller-Hinton agar and the plate was dried for 5 min Standard antibiotic discs
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
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SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
larr Show this widget inyour own website
Just copy the code belowand paste within your htmlcode
lta href=httpswwwscimag
A
Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5349| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
were applied to spread plate (two-four discsplate) by antibiotic disc dispenser and incubated at 37degC for 18-24 h Fifteen of standard antibiotic discs (Difco USA) including amikacin (30 g) ceftriazone (30 g) ceftazidime
(30 μg) ampicillin (10 g) amoxicillinclavulanic
(2010 μg) meropenem (10 g) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg) cefoxitin (30 g) piperacillintazobactam
(10010 μg) tetracycline (30 g) cefuroxime (30 g) imipenem (10 g) gentamicin (50 g) ciprofloxacin (30 g) and chloramphenicol (30 g) were determined on antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated bacteria Bacterial antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by measurement of diameter (mm) of transparent (clear) zone around testing disc Interpretation of susceptibility was summarized as sensitive or susceptible (S) intermediate (I) and resistance (R) according by CLSI standard (CLSI 2016b)
Statistical Analyses
All parameters were calculated from duplicate measurements and descriptive analysis was performed with the EXCEL (version 11) and SPSS (version 150) software packages RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of bacteria in M lanchesteri shrimps were 151 isolates Major pathogenic bacteria isolates were Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii (Table 1) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 18 times 107 to 12 times 108 CFUml (Table 2) A caviae was multi-drug resistance and there were resisted to many kind antibiotics including ceftazidime ampicillin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tetracycline cefuroxime imipenem gentamicin and chloramphenicol E coli and Citrobacter sp were resisted to amikacin and ampicillin together Only cefoxitin and ampicillin resistance was presented in A hydrophilla and cefoxitin resistance was presented in P vulgaris (Table 3) Comparing with previous study bacterial isolates were similar pattern However we found C freundii and Citrobacter sp as new isolates (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was not much in amount therefore it can cause diseases when eaten in raw or undercooked shrimp products (Ananchaipattana et al 2012 World Health Organization 2010) Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was also different to previous finding A caviae was more virulent and may relate to of β-lactamase relating antibiotic resistance genes such as AmpC genes however
A hydrophilla P penneri P vulgaris were more susceptible rather than previous study (Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2020) AmpC β-lactamase is one member of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which is commonly finding in clinical laboratory investigation (Gupta et al 2014) AmpC β-lactamase is plasmid-encoded and transferred with intergrin as antibiotic resistance elements There is mobile gene and spread among other pathogenic bacteria that cause public health problems and difficult to control (von Wintersdorff et al 2016) Raw seafood is one of ESBL and AmpC genes harbouring Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and transmit to human through food chain (Vu et al 2018) Risk of pathogen transmission from contaminated shrimps are relating to antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transferring is exchange between bacterial community in food chain (Watts et al 2017 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2016 Thongkao and Sudjaroen 2017) Recently we were reported bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps which was provided carried identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance data Hence surveillance or control of outbreak can be conduct especially raw or undercooked in shrimp and its products especially specific cultural style on food preparation Amount of bacterial contamination can be reducing the dissemination by well-done cooking and focus on raw food consumers for public health education are concern to reducing risk of foodborne diseases CONCLUSION
M lanchesteri shrimps were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Aeromonas caviae A hydrophilla Proteus penneri P vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii and may risk in foodborne diseases especially people who consume raw or undercooked shrimp and shrimp products Bacterial contamination in M lanchesteri shrimps was ranged within 107 to 108 CFUml A caviae was multi-drug resistance with many kind antibiotics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank to Research and Development Institute Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok Thailand for partial funding We also grateful to Division of Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for research facility support CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Conflict of interest is none in this study
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
CiteScore
=
Calculated on May
CiteScoreTracker
=
Last updated on March bull Updated monthly
Source details
International Journal of Pharmaceutical ResearchScopus coverage years from to Present
Publisher Advanced Scientic Research
ISSN -
Subject area Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics General Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
View all documents Set document alert Save to source list Source Homepage
CiteScore
SJR
SNIP
CiteScore CiteScore rank amp trend Scopus content coverage
i Improved CiteScore methodology
CiteScore counts the citations received in - to articles reviews conference papers book chapters and data
papers published in - and divides this by the number of publications published in - Learn more
times
Citations -
Documents -
Citations to date
Documents to date
CiteScore rank
Category Rank Percentile
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
st
GeneralPharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
View CiteScore methodology CiteScore FAQ 128279Add CiteScore to your site
About Scopus
What is Scopus
Content coverage
Scopus blog
Scopus API
Language
本語に切り替える切换到简体中文
切換到繁體中文
Русский язык
Customer Service
Help
Contact us
Search Sources Lists SciVal Create account Sign in
Privacy matters
Copyright copy All rights reserved Scopusreg is a registered trademark of Elsevier BV
We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content By continuing you agree to the
Terms and conditions Privacy policy
Elsevier BV
use of cookies
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 128
also developed by scimago SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS
Scimago Journal amp Country Rank
Home Journal Rankings Country Rankings Viz Tools Help About Us
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
COUNTRY
India
SUBJECT AREA ANDCATEGORY
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
PUBLISHER
Advanced ScienticResearch
H-INDEX
13
PUBLICATION TYPE
Journals
ISSN
09752366
COVERAGE
2010-2020
INFORMATION
Homepage
How to publish in thisjournal
infoijpronlinecom
Enter Journal Title ISSN or Publisher Name
Disposable CoverallDisposable Covealls Breathable Fabric Protection in every Detail More Liquid Protection
elbipharmacom OPEN
Universities and researchinstitutions in India
PharmaceuticalSciencePharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics(miscellaneous)
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 228
SCOPE
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (IJPR) is an intentional Journal which is published quarterly in EnglishJournal publishes papers review articles and short communications dealing with drug controlled release systemspharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics pharmacogenomics biopharmaceutics drug and prodrug design pharmaceuticalanalysis drug stability quality control pharmaceutical engineering and materials sciencePharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Technology pharmacognosy natural product research pharmaceutics novel drug delivery pharmaceutical ampmedicinal chemistry computational chemistry and molecular drug design pharmacology pharmaceutical analysis pharmacypractice clinical and hospital pharmacy etc IJPR would take much care in making your article published without much delaywith your kind cooperation IJPR hopes that Researchers Research scholars Academician Industrialists etc would make use ofthis research publications for the development of pharmaceutical science and technology
Join the conversation about this journal
GLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
OpenGLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
Gain credits from Peer ReviewsScientists and authors can join for free and get a certicate for peer reviews
reviewercreditscom OPEN
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟร
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟรไดเลยวนน หลากหลายหวขอใหเลอกสรร
Wall Street English ดาวนโ
Quartiles
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 328
FIND SIMILAR JOURNALS
1Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences and ResearchIND
59similarity
2International Journal ofResearch in PharmaceuticalIND
57similarity
3Journal of Global PharmaTechnologyIND
47similarity
4Biomedical andPharmacology JIND
42similar
SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
larr Show this widget inyour own website
Just copy the code belowand paste within your htmlcode
lta href=httpswwwscimag
A
Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5350| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
REFERENCES 1 Ananchaipattana C Hosotani Y Kawasaki S
Pongsawat S Latiful BM Isobe S Inatsu Y
Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailedfoods in Thailand Foodborne Pathog Dis 20129(9) 835-840
2 American Public Health AssociationCompendium of Methods for the MicrobiologicalExamination of Foods 2nd ed 1984 APHAWashington DC
3 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed 1990AOAC Arlington VA
4 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) Quality assurance for commerciallyprepared microbiological culture media CLSI
M22 2016a Wayne USA5 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing CLSI M100 2016b WayneUSA
6 De Grave S Wowor D Cai Y Macrobrachium
lanchesteri The IUCN red list of threatenedspecies 2013 Version 2018 2 Retrievedfrom httpswwwiucnredlistorg
7 Food and Agriculture Organization Guidelinesfor strengthening national food control systemsAssuring food safety and quality 2003 Rome
Italy
8 Gupta G Tak V Mathur P Detection of AmpC βLactamases in Gram-Negative Bacteria J LabPhysicians 2014 6 1-6
9 Jongyotha S Some factors relating to
productivity of mass culture of Lanchesterrsquosfreshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri deMan 1911) (MSc Thesis) 2004 University of
Khon Kaen Thailand10 Rottanapradap A Food products from local
wisdom A case study of products from shrimp
dip in prakhonchai district Buri RamProvince (MA Thesis) 2013 University of BuriRam Rajabhat Thailand
11 Thongmee B Commercial freshwater shrimpfarming (Documentation training and
practice) 2012 University of Maejo university Thailand
12 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Chaivisuthangkura P
Rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction forsimultaneous detection of Vibrio harveyi Vparahaemolyticus and V vulnificus in pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ann Trop MedPublic Health 2016 9 255ndash62
13 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Human pathogenic
bacteria isolation from Tilapia fishes (Oreochromisniloticus) a possible reservoir for zoonotictransmission Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017101563-8
14 Thongkao K Sudjaroen Y Screening of antibioticresistance genes in pathogenic bacteria isolatedfrom tiny freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) and Kung Ten the uncooked Thaifood J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 7(1) 83-91
15 Uraiwan S
Sodsuk P The Macrobrahium culture industryin Thailand SEAFDECAQD InstitutionalReposition (SAIR) 2004 27-41
16 von Wintersdorff CJ Penders J van Niekerk JMMills ND Majumder S van Alphen LB et alDissemination of antimicrobial resistance in
microbial ecosystems through horizontal genetransfer Front Microbiol 2016 7 173
17 Vu TTT Alter T Roesler U Roschanski N
Huehn S Investigation of Extended-Spectrum
and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in BerlinGermany J Food Prot 2018 811079-86
18 Watts JEM Schreier HJ Lanska L Hale MS
19 The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture sources sinks and solutions MarDrugs 2017 15(6) pii E158
20 World Health Organization (WHO) Working toOvercome the Global Impact of Neglected
Tropical Diseases First WHO Report onNeglected Tropical Diseases 2010 GenevaSwitzerland
Table 1 Bacterial isolation and identification from M lanchesteri shrimps
Sampling area Bacterial identification Number of isolates
Bangkok Aeromonas caviae 25 Aeromonas hydrophila 14 Citrobacter freundii 18 Proteus vulgaris 15 Proteus penneri 11 Citrobacter sp 5 Escherichia coli 4 Bacillus sp 1 Corynebacterium sp 1
Nonthaburi Aeromonas caviae 19 Aeromonas hydrophila 8
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
CiteScore
=
Calculated on May
CiteScoreTracker
=
Last updated on March bull Updated monthly
Source details
International Journal of Pharmaceutical ResearchScopus coverage years from to Present
Publisher Advanced Scientic Research
ISSN -
Subject area Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics General Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
View all documents Set document alert Save to source list Source Homepage
CiteScore
SJR
SNIP
CiteScore CiteScore rank amp trend Scopus content coverage
i Improved CiteScore methodology
CiteScore counts the citations received in - to articles reviews conference papers book chapters and data
papers published in - and divides this by the number of publications published in - Learn more
times
Citations -
Documents -
Citations to date
Documents to date
CiteScore rank
Category Rank Percentile
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
st
GeneralPharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
View CiteScore methodology CiteScore FAQ 128279Add CiteScore to your site
About Scopus
What is Scopus
Content coverage
Scopus blog
Scopus API
Language
本語に切り替える切换到简体中文
切換到繁體中文
Русский язык
Customer Service
Help
Contact us
Search Sources Lists SciVal Create account Sign in
Privacy matters
Copyright copy All rights reserved Scopusreg is a registered trademark of Elsevier BV
We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content By continuing you agree to the
Terms and conditions Privacy policy
Elsevier BV
use of cookies
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 128
also developed by scimago SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS
Scimago Journal amp Country Rank
Home Journal Rankings Country Rankings Viz Tools Help About Us
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
COUNTRY
India
SUBJECT AREA ANDCATEGORY
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
PUBLISHER
Advanced ScienticResearch
H-INDEX
13
PUBLICATION TYPE
Journals
ISSN
09752366
COVERAGE
2010-2020
INFORMATION
Homepage
How to publish in thisjournal
infoijpronlinecom
Enter Journal Title ISSN or Publisher Name
Disposable CoverallDisposable Covealls Breathable Fabric Protection in every Detail More Liquid Protection
elbipharmacom OPEN
Universities and researchinstitutions in India
PharmaceuticalSciencePharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics(miscellaneous)
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 228
SCOPE
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (IJPR) is an intentional Journal which is published quarterly in EnglishJournal publishes papers review articles and short communications dealing with drug controlled release systemspharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics pharmacogenomics biopharmaceutics drug and prodrug design pharmaceuticalanalysis drug stability quality control pharmaceutical engineering and materials sciencePharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Technology pharmacognosy natural product research pharmaceutics novel drug delivery pharmaceutical ampmedicinal chemistry computational chemistry and molecular drug design pharmacology pharmaceutical analysis pharmacypractice clinical and hospital pharmacy etc IJPR would take much care in making your article published without much delaywith your kind cooperation IJPR hopes that Researchers Research scholars Academician Industrialists etc would make use ofthis research publications for the development of pharmaceutical science and technology
Join the conversation about this journal
GLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
OpenGLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
Gain credits from Peer ReviewsScientists and authors can join for free and get a certicate for peer reviews
reviewercreditscom OPEN
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟร
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟรไดเลยวนน หลากหลายหวขอใหเลอกสรร
Wall Street English ดาวนโ
Quartiles
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 328
FIND SIMILAR JOURNALS
1Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences and ResearchIND
59similarity
2International Journal ofResearch in PharmaceuticalIND
57similarity
3Journal of Global PharmaTechnologyIND
47similarity
4Biomedical andPharmacology JIND
42similar
SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
larr Show this widget inyour own website
Just copy the code belowand paste within your htmlcode
lta href=httpswwwscimag
A
Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
Kanittada Thongkao et al Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Tiny Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobranchium Lanchesteri)
5351| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - Mar 2021 | Vol 13 | Issue 1
Citrobacter freundii 5 Proteus vulgaris 11 Proteus penneri 8 Citrobacter sp 2 Escherichia coli 2 Bacillus sp 2
Total of isolates 151
Table 2 Calculation of bacterial contaminants in M lanchesteri shrimps
Bacterial identification CFUml
Aeromonas caviae 35 times 107 Aeromonas hydrophila 18 times 107 Citrobacter freundii 25 times 107 Proteus vulgaris 30 times 107 Proteus penneri 12 times 108 Citrobacter sp 10 times 108
Each bacterial contaminant was represented as average of bacterial concentration from all positivesamples CFU = colony forming units
Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates from M lanchesteri shrimps
Antibiotics Bacterial isolates AC AH CF PV PP EC CFS
Amikacin (30 μg) S S S S S R R
Ceftriazone (30 μg) I I S S S S S
Ceftazidime (30 μg) R S S S S S S
Ampicillin (10 μg) R R S S S R R
Amoxicillinclavulanic (2010 μg) I I S S S S I
Meropenam (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (1252375 μg)
R S S S S S S
Cefoxitin (30 μg) S I S R S S S
Piperacillintazobactam (10010 μg)
S S S S S S I
Tetracycline (30 μg) R I S S S S I
Cefuroxime (30 μg) R I I S S S S
Imipenem (10 μg) S S S S S S S
Gentamicin (10 μg) R S S S S S S
Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) S S S S S S S
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) R S S S S S S
S = susceptible I = intermediate R = resistance AC = A caviae AH = A hydrophila CF = C freundii PV = P vulgaris PP = P penneri EC = E
coli CFS = Citrobacter sp
CiteScore
=
Calculated on May
CiteScoreTracker
=
Last updated on March bull Updated monthly
Source details
International Journal of Pharmaceutical ResearchScopus coverage years from to Present
Publisher Advanced Scientic Research
ISSN -
Subject area Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics General Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
View all documents Set document alert Save to source list Source Homepage
CiteScore
SJR
SNIP
CiteScore CiteScore rank amp trend Scopus content coverage
i Improved CiteScore methodology
CiteScore counts the citations received in - to articles reviews conference papers book chapters and data
papers published in - and divides this by the number of publications published in - Learn more
times
Citations -
Documents -
Citations to date
Documents to date
CiteScore rank
Category Rank Percentile
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
st
GeneralPharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
View CiteScore methodology CiteScore FAQ 128279Add CiteScore to your site
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What is Scopus
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Scopus blog
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本語に切り替える切换到简体中文
切換到繁體中文
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Help
Contact us
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Privacy matters
Copyright copy All rights reserved Scopusreg is a registered trademark of Elsevier BV
We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content By continuing you agree to the
Terms and conditions Privacy policy
Elsevier BV
use of cookies
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 128
also developed by scimago SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS
Scimago Journal amp Country Rank
Home Journal Rankings Country Rankings Viz Tools Help About Us
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
COUNTRY
India
SUBJECT AREA ANDCATEGORY
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
PUBLISHER
Advanced ScienticResearch
H-INDEX
13
PUBLICATION TYPE
Journals
ISSN
09752366
COVERAGE
2010-2020
INFORMATION
Homepage
How to publish in thisjournal
infoijpronlinecom
Enter Journal Title ISSN or Publisher Name
Disposable CoverallDisposable Covealls Breathable Fabric Protection in every Detail More Liquid Protection
elbipharmacom OPEN
Universities and researchinstitutions in India
PharmaceuticalSciencePharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics(miscellaneous)
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 228
SCOPE
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (IJPR) is an intentional Journal which is published quarterly in EnglishJournal publishes papers review articles and short communications dealing with drug controlled release systemspharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics pharmacogenomics biopharmaceutics drug and prodrug design pharmaceuticalanalysis drug stability quality control pharmaceutical engineering and materials sciencePharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Technology pharmacognosy natural product research pharmaceutics novel drug delivery pharmaceutical ampmedicinal chemistry computational chemistry and molecular drug design pharmacology pharmaceutical analysis pharmacypractice clinical and hospital pharmacy etc IJPR would take much care in making your article published without much delaywith your kind cooperation IJPR hopes that Researchers Research scholars Academician Industrialists etc would make use ofthis research publications for the development of pharmaceutical science and technology
Join the conversation about this journal
GLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
OpenGLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
Gain credits from Peer ReviewsScientists and authors can join for free and get a certicate for peer reviews
reviewercreditscom OPEN
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟร
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟรไดเลยวนน หลากหลายหวขอใหเลอกสรร
Wall Street English ดาวนโ
Quartiles
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 328
FIND SIMILAR JOURNALS
1Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences and ResearchIND
59similarity
2International Journal ofResearch in PharmaceuticalIND
57similarity
3Journal of Global PharmaTechnologyIND
47similarity
4Biomedical andPharmacology JIND
42similar
SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
larr Show this widget inyour own website
Just copy the code belowand paste within your htmlcode
lta href=httpswwwscimag
A
Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
CiteScore
=
Calculated on May
CiteScoreTracker
=
Last updated on March bull Updated monthly
Source details
International Journal of Pharmaceutical ResearchScopus coverage years from to Present
Publisher Advanced Scientic Research
ISSN -
Subject area Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics General Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
View all documents Set document alert Save to source list Source Homepage
CiteScore
SJR
SNIP
CiteScore CiteScore rank amp trend Scopus content coverage
i Improved CiteScore methodology
CiteScore counts the citations received in - to articles reviews conference papers book chapters and data
papers published in - and divides this by the number of publications published in - Learn more
times
Citations -
Documents -
Citations to date
Documents to date
CiteScore rank
Category Rank Percentile
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
st
GeneralPharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
View CiteScore methodology CiteScore FAQ 128279Add CiteScore to your site
About Scopus
What is Scopus
Content coverage
Scopus blog
Scopus API
Language
本語に切り替える切换到简体中文
切換到繁體中文
Русский язык
Customer Service
Help
Contact us
Search Sources Lists SciVal Create account Sign in
Privacy matters
Copyright copy All rights reserved Scopusreg is a registered trademark of Elsevier BV
We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content By continuing you agree to the
Terms and conditions Privacy policy
Elsevier BV
use of cookies
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 128
also developed by scimago SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS
Scimago Journal amp Country Rank
Home Journal Rankings Country Rankings Viz Tools Help About Us
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
COUNTRY
India
SUBJECT AREA ANDCATEGORY
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
PUBLISHER
Advanced ScienticResearch
H-INDEX
13
PUBLICATION TYPE
Journals
ISSN
09752366
COVERAGE
2010-2020
INFORMATION
Homepage
How to publish in thisjournal
infoijpronlinecom
Enter Journal Title ISSN or Publisher Name
Disposable CoverallDisposable Covealls Breathable Fabric Protection in every Detail More Liquid Protection
elbipharmacom OPEN
Universities and researchinstitutions in India
PharmaceuticalSciencePharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics(miscellaneous)
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 228
SCOPE
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (IJPR) is an intentional Journal which is published quarterly in EnglishJournal publishes papers review articles and short communications dealing with drug controlled release systemspharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics pharmacogenomics biopharmaceutics drug and prodrug design pharmaceuticalanalysis drug stability quality control pharmaceutical engineering and materials sciencePharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Technology pharmacognosy natural product research pharmaceutics novel drug delivery pharmaceutical ampmedicinal chemistry computational chemistry and molecular drug design pharmacology pharmaceutical analysis pharmacypractice clinical and hospital pharmacy etc IJPR would take much care in making your article published without much delaywith your kind cooperation IJPR hopes that Researchers Research scholars Academician Industrialists etc would make use ofthis research publications for the development of pharmaceutical science and technology
Join the conversation about this journal
GLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
OpenGLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
Gain credits from Peer ReviewsScientists and authors can join for free and get a certicate for peer reviews
reviewercreditscom OPEN
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟร
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟรไดเลยวนน หลากหลายหวขอใหเลอกสรร
Wall Street English ดาวนโ
Quartiles
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 328
FIND SIMILAR JOURNALS
1Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences and ResearchIND
59similarity
2International Journal ofResearch in PharmaceuticalIND
57similarity
3Journal of Global PharmaTechnologyIND
47similarity
4Biomedical andPharmacology JIND
42similar
SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
larr Show this widget inyour own website
Just copy the code belowand paste within your htmlcode
lta href=httpswwwscimag
A
Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
Privacy matters
Copyright copy All rights reserved Scopusreg is a registered trademark of Elsevier BV
We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content By continuing you agree to the
Terms and conditions Privacy policy
Elsevier BV
use of cookies
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 128
also developed by scimago SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS
Scimago Journal amp Country Rank
Home Journal Rankings Country Rankings Viz Tools Help About Us
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
COUNTRY
India
SUBJECT AREA ANDCATEGORY
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
PUBLISHER
Advanced ScienticResearch
H-INDEX
13
PUBLICATION TYPE
Journals
ISSN
09752366
COVERAGE
2010-2020
INFORMATION
Homepage
How to publish in thisjournal
infoijpronlinecom
Enter Journal Title ISSN or Publisher Name
Disposable CoverallDisposable Covealls Breathable Fabric Protection in every Detail More Liquid Protection
elbipharmacom OPEN
Universities and researchinstitutions in India
PharmaceuticalSciencePharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics(miscellaneous)
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 228
SCOPE
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (IJPR) is an intentional Journal which is published quarterly in EnglishJournal publishes papers review articles and short communications dealing with drug controlled release systemspharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics pharmacogenomics biopharmaceutics drug and prodrug design pharmaceuticalanalysis drug stability quality control pharmaceutical engineering and materials sciencePharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Technology pharmacognosy natural product research pharmaceutics novel drug delivery pharmaceutical ampmedicinal chemistry computational chemistry and molecular drug design pharmacology pharmaceutical analysis pharmacypractice clinical and hospital pharmacy etc IJPR would take much care in making your article published without much delaywith your kind cooperation IJPR hopes that Researchers Research scholars Academician Industrialists etc would make use ofthis research publications for the development of pharmaceutical science and technology
Join the conversation about this journal
GLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
OpenGLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
Gain credits from Peer ReviewsScientists and authors can join for free and get a certicate for peer reviews
reviewercreditscom OPEN
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟร
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟรไดเลยวนน หลากหลายหวขอใหเลอกสรร
Wall Street English ดาวนโ
Quartiles
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 328
FIND SIMILAR JOURNALS
1Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences and ResearchIND
59similarity
2International Journal ofResearch in PharmaceuticalIND
57similarity
3Journal of Global PharmaTechnologyIND
47similarity
4Biomedical andPharmacology JIND
42similar
SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
larr Show this widget inyour own website
Just copy the code belowand paste within your htmlcode
lta href=httpswwwscimag
A
Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 128
also developed by scimago SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS
Scimago Journal amp Country Rank
Home Journal Rankings Country Rankings Viz Tools Help About Us
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
COUNTRY
India
SUBJECT AREA ANDCATEGORY
PharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics
PUBLISHER
Advanced ScienticResearch
H-INDEX
13
PUBLICATION TYPE
Journals
ISSN
09752366
COVERAGE
2010-2020
INFORMATION
Homepage
How to publish in thisjournal
infoijpronlinecom
Enter Journal Title ISSN or Publisher Name
Disposable CoverallDisposable Covealls Breathable Fabric Protection in every Detail More Liquid Protection
elbipharmacom OPEN
Universities and researchinstitutions in India
PharmaceuticalSciencePharmacologyToxicology andPharmaceutics(miscellaneous)
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 228
SCOPE
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (IJPR) is an intentional Journal which is published quarterly in EnglishJournal publishes papers review articles and short communications dealing with drug controlled release systemspharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics pharmacogenomics biopharmaceutics drug and prodrug design pharmaceuticalanalysis drug stability quality control pharmaceutical engineering and materials sciencePharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Technology pharmacognosy natural product research pharmaceutics novel drug delivery pharmaceutical ampmedicinal chemistry computational chemistry and molecular drug design pharmacology pharmaceutical analysis pharmacypractice clinical and hospital pharmacy etc IJPR would take much care in making your article published without much delaywith your kind cooperation IJPR hopes that Researchers Research scholars Academician Industrialists etc would make use ofthis research publications for the development of pharmaceutical science and technology
Join the conversation about this journal
GLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
OpenGLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
Gain credits from Peer ReviewsScientists and authors can join for free and get a certicate for peer reviews
reviewercreditscom OPEN
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟร
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟรไดเลยวนน หลากหลายหวขอใหเลอกสรร
Wall Street English ดาวนโ
Quartiles
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 328
FIND SIMILAR JOURNALS
1Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences and ResearchIND
59similarity
2International Journal ofResearch in PharmaceuticalIND
57similarity
3Journal of Global PharmaTechnologyIND
47similarity
4Biomedical andPharmacology JIND
42similar
SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
larr Show this widget inyour own website
Just copy the code belowand paste within your htmlcode
lta href=httpswwwscimag
A
Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 228
SCOPE
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (IJPR) is an intentional Journal which is published quarterly in EnglishJournal publishes papers review articles and short communications dealing with drug controlled release systemspharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics pharmacogenomics biopharmaceutics drug and prodrug design pharmaceuticalanalysis drug stability quality control pharmaceutical engineering and materials sciencePharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Technology pharmacognosy natural product research pharmaceutics novel drug delivery pharmaceutical ampmedicinal chemistry computational chemistry and molecular drug design pharmacology pharmaceutical analysis pharmacypractice clinical and hospital pharmacy etc IJPR would take much care in making your article published without much delaywith your kind cooperation IJPR hopes that Researchers Research scholars Academician Industrialists etc would make use ofthis research publications for the development of pharmaceutical science and technology
Join the conversation about this journal
GLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
OpenGLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd
Gain credits from Peer ReviewsScientists and authors can join for free and get a certicate for peer reviews
reviewercreditscom OPEN
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟร
ดาวนโหลด E-Book ฟรไดเลยวนน หลากหลายหวขอใหเลอกสรร
Wall Street English ดาวนโ
Quartiles
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 328
FIND SIMILAR JOURNALS
1Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences and ResearchIND
59similarity
2International Journal ofResearch in PharmaceuticalIND
57similarity
3Journal of Global PharmaTechnologyIND
47similarity
4Biomedical andPharmacology JIND
42similar
SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
larr Show this widget inyour own website
Just copy the code belowand paste within your htmlcode
lta href=httpswwwscimag
A
Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 328
FIND SIMILAR JOURNALS
1Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences and ResearchIND
59similarity
2International Journal ofResearch in PharmaceuticalIND
57similarity
3Journal of Global PharmaTechnologyIND
47similarity
4Biomedical andPharmacology JIND
42similar
SJR
The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their average prestige per article It isbased on the idea that all citations are not createdequal SJR is a measure of scientic inuence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scientic inuence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global
Citations per document
This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past twothree and four years have been cited in the current yearThe two years line is equivalent to journal impact factortrade (Thomson Reuters) metric
Cites per document Year ValueCites Doc (4 years) 2010 0000Cites Doc (4 years) 2011 0638Cites Doc (4 years) 2012 0486Cites Doc (4 years) 2013 0274Cites Doc (4 years) 2014 0197Cites Doc (4 years) 2015 0112Cites Doc (4 years) 2016 0113Cites Doc (4 years) 2017 0084Cites Doc (4 years) 2018 0141Cites Doc (4 years) 2019 1191
Total Cites Self-Cites
Evolution of the total number of citations and journalsself-citations received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous yearsJournal Self-citation is dened as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal
Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2010 0
External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc
Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (ie journal self-citations removed) received by a journals publisheddocuments during the three previous years Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journalrsquos documents
Cit Y V l
International Collaboration
International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries The chart shows the ratio of a journalsdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry that is including more than one country address
Year International Collaboration2010 5882011 6 67
Citable documents Non-citable documents Cited documents Uncited documents
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
009
018
027
036
Cites Doc (4 years)Cites Doc (3 years)Cites Doc (2 years)
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
04
08
12
16
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
250
500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
07
14
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
6
12
18
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
larr Show this widget inyour own website
Just copy the code belowand paste within your htmlcode
lta href=httpswwwscimag
A
Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
3222021 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
httpswwwscimagojrcomjournalsearchphpq=19700174645amptip=sidampclean=0 428
Metrics based on Scopusreg data as of April 2020
Ahmad Fauzi 7 days ago
Hello Please give me information about discontinuation IJPR Journal in 2021 is right
I need more information about this status Thanks before
my article has been published on the IJPR Volume 13 Issue 2 Apr - Jun 2021
Is there a possibility that the journals coverage will be extended at SJR Pls give me information
Thank you
Best Regards
Ahmad Fauzi
reply
Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore citable this chart shows theratio of a journals articles including substantial research(research articles conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs those documents other thanresearch articles reviews and conference papers
Documents Year ValueN i bl d 2010 0
Ratio of a journals items grouped in three yearswindows that have been cited at least once vs thosenot cited during the following year
Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2010 0Uncited documents 2011 34Uncited documents 2012 76Uncited documents 2013 174
larr Show this widget inyour own website
Just copy the code belowand paste within your htmlcode
lta href=httpswwwscimag
A
Melanie Ortiz 7 days ago
Dear Ahmad
Thank you very much for your comment
All the metadata have been provided by Scopus Elsevier in their last update sent to
SCImago including the Coveragersquos period data The SJR for 2019 was released on 11
June 2020 We suggest you consult the Scopus database directly to see the current index
MSCImago Team
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
200
400