Narendranath GuriaResearch Scholar & LecturerDeptt.of GeographyC.M Dubey P.G College.

Geographical Information System

• A geographical information system is acomputer system for capturing, Storing,Querying, Analyzing and displaying geographicdata . Like any other information technology,GIS can be divided into Software, Hardware,Data, People.

ElEmEnt Of GISSoftwareHardwareDataPeople

Software of GISSoftware of GIS

• Arc GIS• Map Info• Auto Cad• ERDAS• 21St Century GIS

Arc GIS Arc GIS

Activities of Arc GisActivities of Arc Gis

• Thematic Map Analysis• Layer Creation• Digital Image Analysis• Satellite Image Analysis• GPS Map Creation• Other Administrative Division

Activities of MAp info Activities of MAp info

• Mapping• Image Processing• Thematic Mapping • Digital Image Processing• Remote Sensing Data Analysis• GPS Curriculum• Air Photo Analysis

Auto CAdAuto CAd

• Map Co ordinate / Projection• DBMS Work• Graphically Map Orientation• Engineering Work

Activities of eRDAsActivities of eRDAs

• Satellite Image Processing• Digital Image Analysis• Edge Matching of Satellite Image• Changing Different Colors • Different Map Features Study• Weather Map Report• Other Administrative Sector

Hardware ComponentHardware Component

MonitorCPUKey BoardMousePrinter / PlotterCD

Data In GISData In GIS

• Attribute Data• Spatial Data

PeoPlePeoPle

• Expert People

Data Source of GIS Data Source of GIS

• Through By Satellite• Through By Air-Photography• Through By GPS• Administrative Sector• Primary / Secondary Data

Data source In GIsData source In GIs

• Conventional data• Aerial Remote sensing• Satellite Remote Sensing• Surveying and GPS• Existing Digital Source

Methods of data inputMethods of data input

• Electronic data transfers • Keyboard Entry• Scanning• Digitizing• Pre-Processing• Despeckle• Grayscaling• Threshold• Colour Separation• Image Fusion• Edge Matching• Scaling

ElEmEnts of mapElEmEnts of mapFrameTitleLegendScaleChartsNorth ArrowLabelGraphic ImageGridsOut line

GIS OperatIOnGIS OperatIOn

• Spatial Data Input• Attribute Data Management• Data Display• Data Exploration • Data Analysis • GIS Modeling

Buffer CreationBuffer Creation

Line BufferingLine Buffering

Spatial Data inputSpatial Data inputIn GISIn GIS

• Data entry: use existing data, create new data

• Data editing

• Projection•• Geometric transformation

Types of ATTribuTe DATATypes of ATTribuTe DATA

Nominal dataOrdinal dataInterval dataRatio data

Relation Database MoDelRelation Database MoDel

• Flat File• Hierarchical Database• Network Database• Relational Database

Attribute DAtA MAnAgeMentAttribute DAtA MAnAgeMent

• Data entry and verification

• Data base management

Data StructureData Structure

Data ExplorationData Exploration

• Attribute data query

• Spatial data query

• Geographic visualization

Data DisplayData Display

• Vector data analysis: Buffering, overly, distance measures, map manipulation

• Raster data analysis: local, neighborhood, zonal, global

• Terrain mapping and analysis

• Spatial interpolation: global, local

• Regions based analysis

• Network analysis

GIS ModelInGGIS ModelInG

• Binary Models

• Index Models

• Regression Models

• Process Models

ApplicAtion progrAm ApplicAtion progrAm

Layer creationLayer creation

Working Satellite VieWWorking Satellite VieW

Geo- stesenary satellite , Working time

Water vapour , capture by Kalpana I

Suitability for one-, two- and three-crop land use types

Air photo, Building BoundAry, lAnd useAir photo, Building BoundAry, lAnd use

spectral radiance of Land sat ETM (RGB = 4,5,3) in the studyArea

RepResentation of changed aReas foR Gewa during 2001-2010

RepResentation of changed aReas for Sundri during 2001-2010

Land, Water ManageMent Land, Water ManageMent

EnvironmEntal managEmEnt EnvironmEntal managEmEnt

Waste Management By GIS Techniques

Solid WaSte ManageMentSolid WaSte ManageMent

Thank QThank Q