Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
FINANCIAL TIMES SVORI I l I t l l S l M U S M W M ' A I ' I H H M M
Back in the game Stock pickers are rebounding after difficult decade - B I G R E M I P A G E ?
A laughing matter Don'tbeafraidromakefunof 1 vourself at work i
Forget taxand trade The policy debate needs to change fOCUS - R A N A F O R O O H A R . P A G E 1 1
Merkel's fourth term in power marred by rise of rightwing AfD » German dianccllor's alliancc sci for victory » Main opposition suiTcrs crushing dcfcai
\ i i * r l i .MerfcdaiHkln',-; I •• ha hnulb le m i A> i .,• IIJ • ••, . . I- . .•<•< . M I polli fnllo-wuiu ralc i-l.iy rhrillun pulitini In a vktory \at hrr . ataervM w CMÌta tolTOTUt .-il .Illa... r. |U. ni.: (Iv may lur thrtntolamta
BtM nhalr the malli wOl krrp Mt Mrr feri al Ih* b ru t <d (aimcirjin altatrv tur Min «.il rturrn) by . taarl (ili lo li. -|.JJll *MHr im! j 1t.A)i«-»|icIol
n Alternative far Orman* nirAI».nhMbiapitilltnt1iin (irrniuty » n-lucrr. ritiv -Ului r r r min •tir !••»• .1. .> the l i : • ..!'..(:•, i
Mt Uri - , : |u, • I r . . . . I w un thr reati It, «arylrig tbr had i - i |wi tn l "milk ' I IIL I bit '.-ir.-- !. n : IMI 'ii . i I >• MI< • rrnuinrrl "the «trnnjtrtl lori • •" in. l
AIO mmmttm w*f* | É A n Air* i nd i r CauUnd. fur t i Imlr r . pifdjrd IO Ttunt" M> Merari in |u 111 J » imi lltd u id: T U «11 ulte ourroantry baA '
The tomi t u n a u i . Mt « b t t t l ' i , I I . IUI*IM | u i l t w . lulleinl | uml i ln j i l - l l ' j l JMli MI- I l III ', M.rllhl ; i - lli'.>|P|X> villi». Min ia Sthuli. Ihr U-U leadrt. -.ii .! a " l i "a .1 : • li uh ; r. ! i . i • i Jay le* • - i • -1 n *0Y tal • I • i • - - •• .i. p "
M i m i I n tusnl nnlhr «fili 111. unni «iw M>Mrtkt't '«t 'IXJ/l3IIU»UJprf . . ni il ih. - H . ...11.~ VII... r , ' .
appraml tu base wwi |VU » J (*t i m i tile Alt» wa» toro** • «ernie I14 pn
II the SP» I H P I hy u» »o a*>
, n n i <ri>r«>i M» M e r i t i , malli inali lioriunakmUaniort- tnmplra diree- «ay •ir U|i Viitli ih. Cfcrni arai IIK- I l i i ltrnw»i AIV a liberal |wi. buttarvi party r»[iITIun* io pirinuncili alter Intuir .ili M* mito In ]aiS. I I . i I;, r -•• f i l i
• • i l - - '.: i . • : ' " i 11 : ) • • , - • xctM al Ihr \Mr and ihf <lrwmpoity*4 pei erta.
Ttir i I M I I Ì mmkm imm o r •n i l i y t t i n n i i nunotn» unti In»
. Spn.»! he l t ins art* retore c n c k d o w n '•' bftl '<" • I " !'• l i .
. I n . imi» • - " ih [ n l i ' - n n u n : F nn<f -i t - a - n .. |.. . ! • • . ,„ , . . ..• !„ |,. • , . . i l ,:, , , „ ; Lll.- tu 11 , !• I|.
àmioniitetrrnarlcrtinitorriiil imwuic»... »«n »
I Madr id mó(JlalonUcU»hover,.,.li.
• ; i .in . . . . . in . . : . . . I il . . i .mi li. • i. . bn I Ungt ovrt romivio 11 Jtc trj>xu] pi>tkr In i fgtbl . . • .i . i j l l i l h r L i u lll nuli l i i ir l-milriur [tèi • , i - • •'- • *MA • i . ... • : , 1 - • . - i ID
i l i i- .il s [u tkv Bei j ingrmni iHis Airvirx rutilnj, M W Sin* Un ili.in lnkt.- '!!-. I V j j -risili*. «HI thliuV «ili pAlt
M» I v i ; :m.-.l N| • | É m a n i En«-|iw I m n . - M O I
» T n n n p ctoshes wttfa WR sporls ular» I : i - ' I I ' n, -il;- ,M. •!. i \\<-..::> 4ii.1 • bosvott prolciumul iixnliiill, tìimutig; binuitll luto i ' M ull i . Ii*tjr>l iifc-(p un trui. )i Kiih v i nu- ni ihr
. I K t r i m U k « > U y \ l » i l l o Br* * i l t i i lk^ D K fWpMWor. • 1UI r n * l to HniMch I i>Ai> iMitagl» ir in.In, iMior Mllii-T.'I l l h ' i r . i M.IS W . m l
I . •. .1 •.. ;!-. HI Hnnil
- CiI ile* >*ì*rn<d cwi lriiin*}?t>rl (jilinj;» l i S . t ì l r i n i * l \ ^ k i » « n l l ^ w 1 h " i ^ l m l n l l t a ^ . ^ duJUn i re i umici ! ii.iqnLiu n .n^^ i i i -.y.u n.-r -It-TlltltrllllW) Icn / ip -uJOI . JSo .T« l iUH|«» l
Arqtjrli VlrrVrl In : : mi
.. I l . i .1 «rtult fi\rt furi < DI 1 SI l-hr. 1L7 per ceni
ui»Hii|'.lii iivriu i r M . i i i i n i h r r m l r Rff t jutiuun rjiilul I r i i i r i ni i n uni r i Uni ... 1.1. • '-ti .1- •• r • . ,! , I I - . .li .1 MAIX lini n i lhnulhm. mH Ir.ivl In thiiulil . i .ii • '•' ' i I i.i.i-.
• M fchrlml ttuny wiir t tritile M U * . O t i i u t n piotntrO «gimu hrr t k x l i m in Utrpiti i . . . . . . id morr I I M H ini i iyluoi mfc tn In i o l i Ift.
Thr copul i l i l«ic». whlch u n i IKucavd hy aitackiiit Uctmant k M d M blnmulion u lbc mut i •)* Min lutti II ,ii ' , il,l .il.. [| l U f d noli) (.•:> iti' .11 M M» Mrrkrl • r j t l k i . II t i m ti.br r[ir iluril L i iti impali llk- hnndcMJir,
' in .• i i \ i « -. imi. ' , ilao ni i . . . ' . i l . . . i | • I " i - . (il !• . •• • ir n ' . . | | i .
O m u n p i r l l i swo i al a l lmf wlirn H I FV i . . l u t i » Cr.ul.nJ IJBtlunurl Vt* , ,1 l . - i ik . u , r | . . t «
inxtiw Itic i iHimn IL.IV.IIII; lirtilixl tur l l n il il r j i ut km IIIIÌM'IIIIH
I'IH' i i u r t ••(. -tu- sri-n up ni in imiu nht t m l .ri il i • i i m r tu i •mi • h» k i lmt ih i ih i t lk» I i rr i t i t i ]S.hn. tr . ni
the SK> In : i m ' . and hai hrl . l . . l i«r lliruugrh Ihr rui ujimc | llnanU i l . i A H . ... -.1' l - . ' i .H. ,W, • . .„ l | I , . ..Hill. ! .., l Vtilnr uni 1 U:H;VJII nuuiTiij^iitKri
Mt M, •. . ' . ,i ii , ,n , .
ImhlMVT ITHiltlrr ..il ll-C ravioli *4>p i . 1.1- k l l h i ;; i promlfr* al uutr*. boaflliif i u smmni i and mlr jpaliilH i- . , . n i to H»rll i l i | • ,, •,'.: Hrr
Mi Imik ovrr i> SPI» leader In ]inuar>. lailrd lo rirrrfll IIIMII ari lallial «ir.cr ni rn lbut i i in i M hr
• i . li. nljlr 4 l lri l litriru i thrlWJ-
But M> M«-i k, I -. Min . j r <••• 'ii .!•!• i • i . n!', peibik jllijQO'H'fiutiiiii Wnlitlir MI)rulrruitpailiimml imi UH I D I ' rrtuniin*, thr numhrr ut DuDdmax panie» r t t r t tu i m a . kr«t iitt Ihr I D U -mi i h . M H . Ihr twn pan k i t hai hrmr Ji-.iiiiii.iirJ i—u « i i polliti*. •> uli |u*t
-.ii>,-; i-1 •, ni t. . . . . i l r ->tih • . .ii ••• i. , i *Kt prr in I hi - i l ' i " . - li. % L ,
v.hìk the AH» has tata n p r u n l l y . • » . |M .( lo Ihr b>' ri* ut. I miniti I r idr f i , polnkil .iiLihtri n r H» H M M • a vjft ni l 'normaliu boa" ut Gei min pohtki. Thcy u y thr II«1IHI> UH l imi l i IT>n.r ||.ull ihr |><iti S u i « i l o i Unir --li- i : .-l<• • • • .• I i ' • CUI ,[ , int . . . ' , • j . u • In Fi HIT, fVdjnl «ini iithrr fi! >Uln An.iv^i «jimumi (Mar 3
I l a W l n m A G n ^ t i i U i k / l n w - ^ i t it»mrn»iivn Ihr n i n mnjArqt irf the S »it> m i I rir •rr>kr* n!«npiii> ' i lurHh ktth int. hmrt< panni. - I M M *
Spsln'i regionari CDP Ta« r*7CrtL 2QU (Un)
SO ICO 1 W ZOO
Emerging mai'kets set to lead pack on renewable enei gy as costs keep falling
B a c k l a s h o v e r T f L U t v e r
dec i s ion g a t t i ers pace
— ; T . SE
t t w tiN«.HCt*L riKM.roXn»
t rnei>tiive marVcli i r r »et io <ih|<*t I . . . I nailon, nrsl >vir In Ihrlr
• u-1 i> Io i i . Hind i m i ••• i-pintr* u« | i i i | nnrn l rati lai) and Ihr rutijpi nuikrl jp|iiik».lir» "in-lkiiuì . . . . I.i » .11 M . .
Wlinr il.-.. il*•• ! fDvmtrtn haw Irarc bcrn Iradkn in ÈHMah*t puncr IPM alhir,, rmrnprigriiKTOrimarccbnr In inmakinr Ithrro. brindine , t v , T H>kl Imlalkd t i p i c i - , ul Mtnd and teda/ to WTliW aiuti 271CV - napccilvrh; 51 p r r i rn l and SJ per tent <A K M M I laiu* uy. *.nmJiiii[iu^K«h nahiiLiiKiiii.
China » i'.!>k>(Ihr Rnit»»ha*T•* •hr I.J. • iv. «ut • ' . ! .• l i - and ' . " i l i . M.'i. j-ii .• i i i - l r-> in i.-.iul.-J lMruvi-itw.1|l«l 1-14iW'.nudai j i tmtrr , M . •. .1. ! .'lr.1 . . ' ' .M II', i . T. - i i • i • i and - ! ' ( • \ ... i . are
•iMt.W.nriih Ihr 1. :,!.•.< ir«, th.,c...,:0|-.. «h. Il lll.ll wl t t i l l i l i ntcrd ivirlv i « lime*
"r «• n ««•• L mivvt IhriTxlrd i mt.ill.njc *nl*f imi v i n i rnrtiV ha» h rm cormn* down, l i i i i rr .rntl . i irtuiTtrrtipn . f- . lutLu« eMiemr linr* in place* t inh as » W . i i r h l k . l iulu and AIMJ Hhabi,' sud Kwaml Viirnkaiariman.arntnr vkr
:>i. T . I : 'il r •>', . , . ) • , . li ... .1. .• Thèt Ull In ton» h ,jVftithirl> thanx
inx il»' I . I I . I . I I I M I I Irmrrxinx maiLrt | •gir. rronirittii. alkmlng l i m i In p u m c inim.itilra uiuih niurr ajxirniVL'Ii,*
bcadOoi. 1 .•• ; K i In i -, n ibe r : • i ili
t i u l " In Ihrcmrfxy mar lu i . In Ì0l\th» US tncrjry IrdrwTnukwi AdminiMralior] I " ..|. • i . - . l l i n i «.-ti I . "iì (leonini] wiiJdrnr»prT<Tnlb>UH4l Non II I * . . . i - iMi i ; V.1-- I.'K.I J.I l per cent
Thr art riKttv™*»* ed wrtnd anni -oUi- ma-di Buno*ti
pmvrrdrrtvei nuiiil i Iran lev hmokij;! .al adsiivci (hai air tlkifUnf an*% and criurtKIhr n«>d lm «uh.nl n-v tritìi thr
'Niifflrtnun kn market» recrnih; ra-ached i n In l ln i lnn pnlnt nhrr r rciWTiabirt haw 1 "notile thr . t iranni iutm od un» power firtiriaili-n. a dyn amie t i r «rr iprradlna tn ncanS' orry Lanini r> wt lencrby 2020." tilt! a m a i l rrpiiti by Mnryiati Manlry. Ihr Imrt t rnrrii hanL
1 !• I i ii i • I ioUr |..n.. I . l u i lalka .' ' i . i t r i il mlrwi i . . - i' yeatx. Ali in
cotti leu Mtnd rrnrrr in tnuiuhri ni lh . I - . I . . I . . r i . Mlud . .H.'ILH can br aa
kn. aionr hal l t i i ra i r th in l t lu l i i l i iu l tirnl ni rjtural rat firn] pm.tr pJantv i n i «Imi I - 11. . uutpul i t i l i u . , . -mpnnrnlul l f an tvlml blatte kngthi oontltaur tu in.tris*.' Ine IMI!A. adtled.
S u b i i f i b * I n prliìT artd crfiliriù W o r l d Markets
iifouaaiirs ciani ics* twinniaini
imn ta> 1 ma BBfl h>« aal mt B a u BaU H I m i • V • *n 4 B - I ,;•» i r a IBanHyi IM aaT
M a i l • p - i c t a t i ; Inv i •tu 'SB 1 t *» i n laio'On mm c «: 11- i— i . i :.-ui i l am u M (*• • lari ino « L—< J i :n r- :-Mt -.i« intw • a t u
' W d ma.» I H . .. ; Il f?r ,.r. . . . . . min .'. tu « • • « I l » «a a I M ua IA-, I I « JJ t BrUl r ime t 1." Y » i { naa 1 M •m m n > a . j a « i ita I H l-itt ! ? l w . M J » t ; i -*~ • n » t urte:* • n » 1 I I » Minai «oi -• *: H > • m w i r. Sr,.. •Ti- i? R-*> ara afa cacai smm anv •.» : u t j j i i r , i« FtaatHl 1 • raa In^ i • n e » » « i CSI ttaS MV— i n - M tal tUàm snac -tM.-U Jll J. in i * ln l*J a> t i t a H*ai-n, vmm .X • B .. . i - - i a H n i iaat I D tai im
e « mtm LM mi :M • jzim n i inrawlaatli ani m p — » » ' —
i)i<: B E E H S I I W l l l I I »
A Wkkai Company
Pag. 1
T H E AUTHORITY ON G L O B A L FUND MANAGEMENT | I INANCIAl T IMl iS | M o n d a v September 25 2017
FTfm Fund houses and FCA hold Mifìd crunch talks New European rules clash with US law
Exchange traded funds Treasure map of The ETF world revealed
C H R IS F L O O D
F o r i y ni I h e w n r l d ' s l a r g ì - s i a s s e l m a n -
a g e r s a n d b a n k s helc l a n e m e r g c n c y
s u m m i t i n L o n d o n w i t h the F i n a n c i a l
C o n d u c i A u t h o r l t y l a s t w e e k . i n a
l a s t - d i t c h a t t e m p i to p e r s u a d e t h e
U K ' s fìnancial r e g u l a t o r to c l a r i f y n e w
r u l e s i h a t t h r e a l e n l o d i s r u p l l l i c i r
g l o b a l o p e r a t i o n s .
A s s e l m a n a g e r s a n d b a n k s f a c e a
s h a k e - u p i n t h e i r o p e r a t i o n s w i t l i i n
v . i ' c k s w h e n E u r o p e a n r e g u l a l i o n s
k n o w n a s M i f i c i 11 c o m e i n l o f o r c e .
H o w c v e r , t o u g h d i s c l o s u r e r e q u i r c -
m c n t s 011 h o w a s s e l m a n a g e r s p a y for
I h ì r d - p a r t y r c s e a r c h c l a s h w i t h e x i s t -
ing U S r e g u l a l i o n s .
N o s o l u t i o n e m e r g e d I r o m I h e
s c e r e i m e e t i n g b e t w e e n t h e F C A a n d
s e n i o r c x e c u L i v e s f r o m B l a c k R o c k ,
J P M n r g a n , V a n g t i a r d , S l a t e S t r e e l a n d
S c h r o d e r s , as w e l l a s r e p r e s e n l a t i v e s
f r o m t o p i n v e s t m e n t b a n k s .
" T h e F C A s a i d , ' T r u s t u s , w e h o p e
to c o m e to a n a g r e e m e n t t h a t w i l l
k e e p e v e r y o i i e h a p p y ' , * s a i d a s e n i o r
e x e c u t i v e w h o w a s p r e s e n t a t t h e
m e e t i n g , b u i w h o d i d n o i w i s h to b e
n a m e d . " T h e y w e r e v c r y k e e n Lo
d e m o n s t r a l e Miai L h e y u n d e r s t a n d
t h e s e r i o u s n e s t u f t h e i s s u e . "
" W e w e r e a s s u r e d t h a t t h e F C A ,
E u r o p e a n C o m m i s s i o n a n d S E C [ t h e
U S r e g u l a t o r ] h a v e I h e i r v e r y h i g h e s t
c a l i b r e p e o p l e w o r k i n g t o g e t h e r , b u i
il is n o w o n l y a m a l t e r of w e e k s h e f o r e
( w e h a v e t o h e r e a d y ) , " he s a i d .
L a r g e a s s c t m a n a g e r s t y p i c a l l y r u n
g l o b a l p o r t f o l i o s t h a t i n v e s t i n m u l t i
p l e j u r i s d i c t i o n s a n d r c l y o n r c s e a r c h
a n d I n f o r m a t i o n that i s g a t h e r e d co i t -
L i n u o t t s I y a c r o s s d i f f e r c n U i m e z o n e s .
' l h e y b e l i e v e I h e e f f i c i e n t m a n a g e
m e n t o f i l l e s e g l o b a l p o r t f o l i o s i s
t h r e a t e n e d by M i l i d N, w h i c h i s e f l e c -
U v e I r o m J a n u a r y 3 . T h e F C A i s
r e s p o n s i h l c f o r e n f o r r i n g M i f ì d r u l e s
In t h e L f K , t h e w o r l d ' 5 s e c o n d - l a r g e s t
a s s c t m a n a g e m e n t i n d u s l r y , w h i c h
h o s l s t h e i n d u s l r y * s b i g g e s t i n l e m a -
1 i: a 1. ; 1 n a m e s .
P a y m e n t s f o r r e s e a r c h u n d e r t h e
M i i ul II r u l e s m u s i b e s e p a r a t e t i Otri
f r o m t r a d i n g c o s t s s o t h a t c l i c n l s
u n d e r s t a n d c l e a r l y w h a l l h e y a r e
h e i n g c h a r g e d lor .
T h i s c h a n g e , k n o w n a s u n b u n d l i n g ,
p r e s e n t s p r o b l e m s f o r m a n a g e r s
o p e r a t ì n g i n E u r o p e w h e n t h e y
r e c e i v e r e s e a r c h t h a t o r ig ina tec i f r o m
out s i d e t h e F.U.
U S a s s e l m a n a g e r s a r e c o n c e r n e d
Miai L h e y w i l l be b l o c k e d f r o m f r e e l y
s h a r i n g U S a n a l y s t r e s e a i c h p a i d fo r
v i a t r a d i n g c o m m i s s i o n s a c r u s s t h e i r
g l o b a l t r a d i n g o[>erat ions,
continuedonpage2
'BiblicaF ETFs that exclude LGBT backers miss fiindraisinggoal
T w o p a s s i v e f u n d s t h a t e x c l u d e c o m p a n i e s s u p p o r l i v c o f t h e l e s b i a n , g a y , b i s c x u a l a n d t r a n s g e n d e r
c o m m u n i t y h a v e r a i s e d S 7 ( ) m s ì n c e t h e i r l a u n c h i n M a r c h •'«.uvrmumovun.iniTO-.
J E N N I F E R T H O M P S O N AND MADISON M A R R I A G E
T w o p a s s i v e 1 u n d s Miai e x c l u d e c o m
p a n i e s s u p p o r t i v e o f t h e l e s b i a n . gay ,
b i s e x u a l a n d L r a n s g e n d e r c o m m u
n i t y h a v e r a i s e d $ 7 0 m s i n c e t h e ì r
l a u n c h in M a r c h , far b e l o w t h e l r i n l -
l i a l ta rget .
I n s p i r e I n v e s l i n g h i u l e x p e c t e d t h e
" b i b l i c a l l y r e s p o n s i b l e " p r o d u e t s
a i m e d at c o n s c i - v a t i v e e v a n g c l i c a l
C h r i s l i a n s Lo a l l r a c l " h u n d r e d s o f
m i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s " i n t h e m o n l h s
s i n c e t h e i r l a u n c h i n F e b r u a r y . B y
S e p t e n i b e r 21 U i e y h a d c o m b i n e d
a s s e l s o f j u s t u n d e r S70111.
" W h i l e I l l e s e E T F ' s w e r e s e i u p l o
a p p e a l l o i n v e s l o r s w i l h s p e c i f i c v a l -
u e s , there 's l i k e l y l o b e a s ign l f ì c a n t l y
l a r g e r m a r k e t for i n v e s t m e n t s t r a t e -
g i e s a n d p r o d u e t s b a s c d o n L G B T
i n c l u s i o n . r a t l i e i L l i a n e x c l u s i o n , "
s a i d I I o w a r d S h e r t u a n , h e a d of c o r
p o r a l e g o v e r n a n t e b u s i n e s s d e v e l -
o p m e n l a L M S C I , Llie I n d e x p r o v i d e r .
I n s p i r e I n v c s l i n g a l s o Ianni l i ed a
b i b l i c a l l y r e s p o n s i b l e c o r p o r a t e
b o n d l u n d t w o m o n l h s a g o , w h i c h
h a s a s s e t s of SO.' un
" O l i r a s s e t g a t h e r i n g i s g o i n g
a c c o r d i n g to p i a n a n d w e b e l i e v e ,
G o d w i l t i n g , t h a l o u r F - T F s w i l l
a t t r a c t a s s e t s i n t h e h u n d r e d s of m i l
l i o n s , " R o b e r t N e t z l y . d i i e f e x e c u t i v e
o f Ih' . U S i n v e s t m e n t g r o u p , s a i d .
" D e i n a n d fo r b i b l i c a l l y r e s p o n s i
b l e E T F s i s p r u v i n g l o be r o b u s l a n d
w e a r e r u n n i n g to k e e p u p . T h e s c
A l 1 M l e v e l s p u t u s a m o n g t h e m o s t
s u c c c s s f u l F J T F l a u n c h e s o f t h e y e a r . " '
T h e E T F s h a v e i n v e s t e d in c o m p a
n i e s i n c l u d i n g P a n e r à B r e a d , t h e U S
b a k e r y a n d s a n d w i c h c l i a i u , G e r -
m a n y ' s C o m m e r z b a n k a n d R y a n a i r ,
i h e I r i s h a i r l i n e .
U S I n v e s l o r s a l r e a d y h a v e a c c e s s
l o a " C a t h o l k ' V a l u e s " F . T F , l a u n c h e d
i n 2 0 1 6 . I l e x c l u d e s S & P 5 0 0 m e m -
b e r s i h a l a re c o n s ì d e r e d i n c o m p a t i -
b l e w i t h c h u r c h t e a c h i n g b y t h e
U n i t e d S t a t e s C o n f e r e n c e of C a i h o l i c
B ì s h o p s , l U C h a s d e f e n c e s t o c k s .
I n s p i r e I n v e s t ì n g ' s E T F s w e n t f u r -
t h e r . e x p l i c i t l y s c r e e n i n g o u t s t o c k s
of c a m p a n i e s L h a l s u p p o r l L G B T
r i g h t s , a l o n g s i d e b u s i n e s s e s
i n v o l v e d i n a b o r t i o n , g a n i b l i n g ,
a l c o h o l , p o r n o g r a p h y a n d t e r r o r ì s m .
continuai on page 2
P I N A N C I A J . T I M E S
SPEED UP YOUR INVESTMENT DECISIONS Make good investment decisions faster with the FT 's online Funds section,
where you can find, compare and t rack funds ali in one place.
To invest in funds the smart way, go to ft.com/funds
Pag. 1
in mpiii't <H "Sfise wiTiiiir IIÌIM-.H I : L H onty Do noi M I C
T H E WALL STREET JOURNAL. M O M U V . S K P T K M B R H 25. 2017 - VOI.. XXXV Mi .
6426 92 A 0 0 / . W3.22 a . N ' i L N I . M «un
11.1959 k 0 15':
Merkel Set to Win; Support Slips What's N e w s ,
L rndLnR Io thr n w l birJlIy Indebted firmi
In the U.S. and Enrope » tunjiflK. ipirknyi ronrem nboui - iv i-ìii-, t on Rain-!.i HUI ".• •-. .1 .;•..(••.] I ri-
parwkm i t a m to f ade Al
* Ub*r Ls < M l l « ro tv-icnllnfewlth London after
l i . I transpatt cellula lor •. .u> : l! would irtele ta t i i « » ih* nde-hilbnc firmk operatine licerne. K
- r i ' '...»•!•••.: in borni lutai ,1. . 1 , - . . , ! Ili
• A of .1 r t... , - t»'
terlwokviry comparile* u
noni an Jl-om «ale of the
donreJ « pian to (funge Hi stock ittmrture thit would bave Etna CEO rocker-bera rnorr control, B J
• OPCC is t c ru ibUnf 10 • 1.-. OUtpUI Ir .11-. I il» 1 .imi Nnwria. where utntnK produci km cuuld iterali ef • fort i to boatt nil prlcrv B? « A f f i t t ì m n « n uiului federai Mipervtrkm for now after U S . ufficiali db. . li - . • I Ehf !:•!''• "li1 11 >• *t .1 private meeiinjt »
LThéal and Neilie B2
* MerkeiN antiarte*, m laudrd [ui vlrfory In Ger many"i KCta-ral cfcctkn. ac-( m l i i | to n i [» ilK bui iBjppuel 6or thr crntrr-rk{M bJoc K B dropprd iharply Al • TI» luliunaliit AJTJ OÉf tured over ITv uf the eotr in
morti m the pcwtwrrera A l
the ACA afta- I M R M B » ar i B E H :.. trial '!'••!• •- •- iv .. m!...•!•.' A
1 .ittart <iethr U.S . . e* . 1 - •
whilr US. vari ;il i-1.- Ilrw off the cnM M M of Kcrth Kore* la a show of forre. A4
Mal MM
Mie. thr day after uitwllln» • in defluite* of U S . cnuawi of Si rtticferer A4
tv. M
mot wttlt the -. • m: . nur-m w r fot Ibr f i n i lune lince i. • L. irr- •.••„•• rr~ pontiiK ito- fidi *copr of (hr «orto.-» i ln -nUI km, A7 * The deuth trai fnxnliM
qiuàr In 1 ;
•• :'. ' .1:11-••.li-,iv 1 I.:>.T r.11:: n i n i thev rouW return hcenr. A4
U»>*rfc.ÉH» wMII
C uro o n K t u
I "III
mamm
Far-right party appears poised to capturc seats in parliament. slgnalmg turtxJh?rce
HEKUN-Oiancellur A iwln Me t krl 'i i-i eiwi v.it 1 »• uligini ' w u lieadeil tur vieiiwr In Grr-(nanyS «encral elerljon ori Su ridar, art ordini to r n l pcflv, bui tu uipfwrl clnrp^ml i' • - -ii 1 frow fomr vrar* .IVI - arai a rontr for an anti-Imminnint party ìicrualed pr
llttcsl nirboletK» ih r *d far Vinvi|v\ ;.rr>j<-vr ..i.u.iniv
Mi. M d M ' < MnmWn "i •••• - -i •••• ••<• i: vrrli «head of Its cknew «MrrnctiMt. the ct'ii ter le fi Striai Hcmiicrnts. ; t t \ !.. :[••• , - . . | , i ; .. '. | . iloitf brued ori exit poli* and early m u l u released by ARO public i«tevUkmL
11 !:'•.«• m u l i » I-..I.I U i Merkel vino la 63 r *an old and futi look offìee in 1, will Iure .ii-; '•• 1 - . • io •vime her «ut tu *% Irte lon «pvt WTVÌTB: e lr f t rd leader nf an>' mapnr Western iniuilry
llul Ihe earìy elee* Min fru l l ì i al&o pointed to a bistorte vttancfc Ini liei md for O r -manyS politicai matmirram. Th* rrùiJt* mmld b« the M M (tir the Social \ 1 .:• tn pouvrar acni the
W9TM MIKC 1949 far M>. McikflX ii'MiT rtjlit trlire Tìie «i irtv.-rv.il l i * .ili Linee tali ieri 415\ a( ine vote in 201.1 and
t» rut team durino eiKtKvn ntolit at ttw CTXI* rwadquartef-1 in Berta
ttMaftnr vote to 3000. the ngto hm reon wa T n r r u i n . - • \::-. mmf* fmVmtm,
io* 1 «Tinniiy or AfD. vnw on "We <if courw »
inOet- -ri-.-, by •••-.\ . in " • • [ . . . . ctrrn and In pan tfrmr frar».
briping and e-<per-inllv larouih jtood ' ptrtKvitukltM,"
Wnh • kwhoW In tlwlciv m u l i [ lu i •.-..ni il i-i.,ki- it thr Rrrliii .itrn Mie early le tmm rtUnirr, thr Alt», whhrh h » I W tlroe m more thatv àall a eame In. -Yfe wrmt to «rio bue* plrdged lo wealccn Eiuooean • Votm beo» H M M M i century (hai a party thb far to Aft> voten hy «orvlrts proto intexralmn w.uWftiai 4 mure •Tour/irord lei Mnkrt
iraefc io ma of the rote, for a rJightly tmtet m u l i . -MMHtJhMj » tbc pTOlcctiffls a M», H r r M IQW u
• 1 .. • voler In the na imruJ dbcourur. Tht pony de-.11 r-n.i:.-. • \ 1 . ..r, mi-IMrJQj M .1 .1 -.- f | li
«twrrerani'witfA?
' in k. .1 ri'h-ri-intuii lli.l11 wiil
T R A G E D Y I N SMALL-TOWN
AMERICA
The Goski twins belonged to a generation of rural youths who enlisted after 9/11
non. ni VÌI r. 1 : and Spettai Rircv. .11 nieen beretv v , , an Array Speoal Fon» patch ori his .•. 1
., .i .-il 11 - ••• .11. rrv •Otri» had only t*nc feaj
ihat l in 1 1 • -. of, and il wa* nu4 -1' > ì :, • rtood bende the culliti inai ><••• hb twin. ' I le feured
proridllM .itivilimi! \>~,- ili.in .1 - ' -• ' . - f , ptriVct clairt air support for l'.is bioilierv Ile
I n ) , I ' .!• " .-. !»
they needed brini the mor.1.' Ttie twin* M M itnialt-
lown boy*, part of a txrnrrni' lion carne of MM at ihe «ine ol the Sept 11 terrori»! irtarà-V Slace 2001. valgn-
from . in i: i-: i.-... 111: • of theip • .1 • • ' 1 - . . . .
eiKirrties «niiatlinit wtth l«i • in t eeottomiev dnu addic-linn init fewer OptkHtt-ll*Ve «ttaukdered ih * vftaì bur-den l i America** defrate.
!..!•-. • 1: ! .1 [•'!. .:• • lied died In lumtet prvporuom tban thosc frani re lati ve ly
" 1.1 • dotili '1 llttO •:«• Meel caaket al hw twin brotrtets body, i l t e w d (or • • •• 1 - 1 ' . In a . i . - . ' : blue Ka 1. :i. Con» 1 •.. ••! .-.iti. m i patina and brau bnttoru. It 1. i- .IH luokuui itilo a crurl rainnr. t tiri- . face w Itfcr hn ovrn. dntorted by a i.. ... .: - in- ii...;
rouWn t l ink. Alone 1.1 tor Ihr
[. -t 1 : -i. Mike Uipped * kinle i-i.• li •- hMJWn band, a ireapon lo* Valhalla, il'- 1 ; ;.. 1 >••:•..,:•• fot fallen "• .1.1
ChrW wttt a borri Aghter rrom fted Oak. Traar.. a Ma line ONrimando wrilh u i loum of duty. In combat, fu oniltl l'arche*! mte Trom the criilos a irti' il •: by • I f lu i te t i , hubcopteiv menar aitd attillery. ralranc hot metal on corra 111 a li v. li ut il: 1-.1 yard* amy.
At tbc cemelerv. a> T a p i '
nf tJ
Updaled Numeri} Rlujmes Memi Humptìf, Empmrer Miss Muffi
VM M'Tsjnn-. vi i l | | |HKÌt ÌM> lllt.'SWItffs:
sfiawii niitlia empiri' of vìnti videtis
0 t t « f a r »
OILNNAI, fjittta like marty ent endinx 'tir the tioK'le Indiar», it V. Krishnam ftealt of MMa) and Hi the prò uri mi t i tntb loral ind Wnt re \ i Mumhled rm 11 rurtotM era nurury rttymev Erro ai a coment eoneoclkm that has chrld. hr fìgureri the KnjdiOi furird thr tafcrofT of an un one» joat dlde'l make murti likely media empire, reme. The company hr
Thr tale of ine m • u n i i for. ChaChu •••• 1 of Kurnpty , I t u t n p t y - n n l v t r -• ;.i-, I - i l i -:1 .1 BUM MS wtth I -11 -M' i|-..t. tulli. ' I l Iti •> i\ ; i " . -«otnettung cannot ne fitteli, cannot be Km n i u: •• • ; TTurt to no) f • .---r'<• wmethtnR voti Idi a chlld." Mr. K r b l n a fMtiBhiÉifc -\Vhy >hould llunipty be like un ' • So pathetie Lei rum KO i l cu tu 111 lo the donar and be OK.'
Today,
internet'» virai • i. . h
h attraninti bulloni, of crrbaJb wtlh . MB l'.i-i-i'i bave [aryjjed 1» rUri b a t i l - r r w r l l t e i III.IM t> rhyme», more tban 200 prò
Bid to Scrap U.S. Health Law Is Facing More Resistanee
WASHINGTON - Seojte Be-i-. .1.: . ..11 leader» tace a ingly nnpiiuiblr path thti wttk Co revrvlrui the ir bid to repeal the Obama^ra Artued ante Care Act. aftet COP Seti. Susan Collina of Maine iuud ohe couldn'i enrhion ro t in i for the bill ani Seti Rand Paul of Kentucky oolhneil toiath <\t manda fot Un Hippon.
" I t i verv UilHi .il: for tnr Io Ininxtnc a Kervarw tv he re I wmild end up vimng for th» tuU.- H i Collins «*d Siinday on CNN Later. on CBS, ine li'., i.-.l "Il n. hant fiir ine to rn-
vioKin Krt tlntt to vei ' ori thu bui 1
rmikinac a la»t drtdi attempi lo paia kejlilaUofl itnkinc mudi of Ine 2010 heaith Une popò Larry lutown ro Obomoctire,
!i>- •! of a • • • . ' l i . ili-11.. 11 ir under parllammury ru lo that .•.•.IMI: .1 l i 1 1 . un action wilh onlv COI' eote»
A tuli by RrpuWicaa Sen*. UH Cauddy of Loiiiuiiia and 1. ••<•• 1 -.• -ii.i 'i of South Carolina vrould «et -Uock rrant* -
of federai hindi ng IDI eacti -'.iti to use for henlthcare. In ctudimt Uke t • • 11-1 -fot the poor W l h capped ruiteatrts. ali «taiei vrould likely
ffew*r ver »fE4I TH I M I A 7
Trump's Feud Witti Athletes Escalates
TAKING A KNFF: Ptayarv aromi the NFL rjrcnonrtratacj n leioooie to Pwdtetl Donald Trump . 1. j ,
,!,--! |.. :. .... to aroCHt 00 tht fii>id durinu the
•,'-F M M ••(• A'
Risks Pile Up Again In Leveraged Loans
Tdyt 'R' Ut offendi • re-nUnrltr nf the rtUw of pluhg <in dehc wnen the c Lendii»; to the iwtst hmtily
indetìted mtt&antrs In the US. and Europe l i lunòfijc. a deve! ••iiniT.I that I;-,I -n :• rvorty < IL-ili! jir I'^VIII T [ 111. ir ir il ; 11.1 '
'f ;t 'it. . . l i ecuno tn i f et .. ii - ;• lo Inde.
Volume for Ihesr lerenutrd tonni l i up 53\ l id i year in the V.S.. f.t: it ari pace ID •urpau the 2007 record of UH tnllìini. accordlm to SAP
on Sept 1». Thr toy wlter^ d i k f eaerutlvt Mtd In court paperi (hai Toyr ft' U« hod treen hoBipered tty IU 'WRBUI cani leve nate" Ita *>3 bill lori in detti ineluded 11 itine num ber of leveraited kwm and tiqth-yield bvndi
• ' l i. .in,-- i:..'l 1.1I' leveb are cuirmtly luw, and jtloboJ : E •-••.-( 1. hai I- r ;•• • 11 -.ir np.
the lendine boom ccnild prence Iknbal Wariret tntelliaence 1
[<n unii. In torope. recerrt loam of-
f r r fewrr investe* Mlecuardi ..n.;:* m rhairjeoethe neon tban In the part Tbtt year. To^of the regioni n i«Led loani are butvrr nani-lite, orcordinii ID LCD. more than trtptr the tt foni . i n - ateo. Governanti are the tenm in .> Ioart's COTI traci
en abllity ti take •
-It fer i i like the market h petturik ftolrn/," MHI Henna ini ;••... :i cohrad of gioirai oebt-capital market s at Ik-utachr Baak AC "WeTt uverdue a eorrectlon "
Brlofr the [1n.1n.4l .--tiM-, a boom In leverà»ed IIMII> wao une ni the satm of market!
/Icme w lOA.\S A2
Pag. 2
Domain, tous télétravailleurs ?
:dx)5Executìves» |TSU»PL£MEMTDI»»Aaia
Les Echos DNCA Maison dTpargne et deValeur
L ' E S S E N T I E L
L E S É N A T R E S I S T E A L A
R É P U B L I O U E E N M A R C H E
Le p n r t i d i * i l l u m i n i l i M i n U H I
n't-M pus p . l l U l l l i .1 U W I t l l l l l .HI
c l i c la s u i p r i s o .1 la L l i a m l m
l i m i l i ' , o l i l,i t l i n l i i ' et le t 'entro m i t
t ' o i l l u r te k u r s p u s i l l u i t v / / P . 4
T H E R E S A M A Y C H A N C E D E
T O N S U R L E B R E X I T
La l ' i i -mni- i- min is t r i - h r l tann iquc .
T l i c r e w May . t n i i i n i rEvL i i na i i i i i i i e
i r i - i le t r . i n * i l i < in ri - • • • i
• f r i /v JiM - .i la t i p lus ic ius ( ' .«uf f»
M o i i s v e i i d i e d i a l t n m i t v ffP.B
S U R E N C H È R E 5 E H T R E
L A C O R E E D U N O R D
E T L E S É T A T S - U H I S
P>'Ullg.V:iHR n i e l l a t i - d i ' l l l f Uff un
l e s i de i n i z i l e u i i i l i ' a i i e AftOS
I 'OI-ÓÌI I I Pucil1i|UL'. .ni i de
dédenchei une puo i i o . / / p. a
E N T R E P R I S E S & MARCHÉS
L * E O L I E N S U R T O U T P R É S E N T
D A N S D A H S L E S R É C I O N S
L E S M O I N 5 R I C H E S
Ln I t .n i ts - i te - IY .mof « I k G r a n d
K>i i - i i i i i e n l r e n i la i n o l i l e »ltf«.
f i l k n i i i . ^ l i i s i . i l l < ^ . M . t i > t V i i i p l " i
nV* l |ws • n i i r ie .ni I k i i d m i n i a i t-
i . i i i . > n . k - . i i i i K //p.aa
L ' I R L A N O E A C C U M U L E L E S
B O N S D U T R É S O R A M É R I C A I N S
L'Ir lande i-sl k m> l» le ine u e a n -
tìmdea Lt.ti4-uni». eetoa W l u -MII. l ut- h i / - . m e n e q u i e i i i l t l l imv sur h' pnitis di-s lnvi-shsscnienl<t
• ' . i l i ' . fi P. 3C1
L A S S Ù R A N C E - V I E B I E N T O T
T O U C H EE P A R L A • P L A T T A X >
BctVjPl b m t e l é v l t e r k * n p t i n i i -
s . i U n n s i.*n a p p l i q u a n t e v i t o
i i ' t n i Hit' dés l ' u n i m m o i t t i |M ' >i> •
tip In i i le l i n a i i i e * l ' I le p o n r r . i l i
d m i c e n f r e r en v i R i i e u r d e * le
2 " «eptembn / / P . t i
C A R N E T / / P . 3 5
L E QUOTIDIEN DE L'ECONOMIE // LUNDI 25 SEPTEMBRE 2017 // LESECHOS FR
Merkel gagne son pari, Fextrème droite aussi • Les nat ional istes de l 'AfD réal isent un score h is tor ique, à 13,5 %. • Merke l va accompl i r un 4' mandat mais devra s'allier avee les l ibéraux et les Verts.
High -Tech , J La réalité virtuelle ressuscite les salles
n m MANAGEMENT DE TRANSITION
01 «6 24 85 71
nlmeuropB.com
M001W-9es-F: 2.50 €
il Antlllai '• • • - 1 SO < .,.->- •:• Mirila •401 BilDWuaJVO t. Eipign* l.SO C •I .• )•• Hlf'Jjr.- O l k t U O I )>o < 11..-.i..,.,.., ix • ••• : * t>« . . . . . . . 10 FS TunitM .. TNb Zone te
L . • I > i .o l iere. \n ••! i \1 i !•• \ l deVlilr i i impnx -1
uvee a la tot* les Iihei;iMN du H M ' e t les V t r t s p o n i
L-UICIÌUK-IunKti irvvnit i iX' i i i . i i r issi i i . - iUjk-Kiskiù^Vb
i k d i r i i a n c l i e . Fl l t , i . t:eites. iv i i i iKHleto i i i i i ieprefuksL ' n i -
i i n . p o n i Li q u i i i r k m i ' l o l s . p t i T o i i m m e v r a r o . M ; i b
l 'f.virì ' i i ic t i ro i lo do l 'Al t ) . ! s m k - - i n le m m iute n m i len i l ieà
« tkx- iHc* id 'ac (7 i ic i lUr lc«ref i i j , iesd i iMrr>v ihOi in i t™
pour t r i p k r K B IBor t . a Colui de san pit i t i . Li CLH.'. •
3 3 % KM .k -t •. i HI I L ,HI plUS IfctS tkpl l l .S 1949. Sdii l'ili ICIIillIt'
a i tud .kSPD. i .nn ;K tMr t . ' . l i i i son p l i i , l ; t i t i k resultai ì i U n i l -
i| i ie. uvei- JX l " de vnix. i l lu strani L u m e i l e -n .n i i l i es e t i rn-
pec-iines f u ce n iu inen t . L c H O c t e m i l U m u m i l w un i l-ni
SSVOU iprilMH- p . i r t i L Ì i v i i t k i H ,i HK-triH-MirandetiAiIJuon
I M K l B O X i . l . » I Ì t K i - . i i u d u F D r d ' Hib l t f iHki i rM. i t re. i l IO"..
» P A G E 6 E T L ' E N Q U É T E P A G E 1 S
La SNCF ambitìonne d'ètre F « Amazon des mobilités » T R A N S P O R T Dcvant 800 cadres à Rotterdam. Guillaume Pepy va annonccr une accélcration dans le numérique.
Lecej~veau
Ce quo doìt changer le pian d'investisseincnts de 50 milliards Le gouvcrncincnt presente, ce hindi, le programme promis par Macron.
P R O C R A M M E u - 1,1! uni- ;H"in d i ' t. . i m p e l l i ' d ' L in i i la il Ufi M i t i •ut. I.V>t«,ull(d<!VHÌki.v h im l i k pian J U m o l l M l i i l i ^ l l i | iniK | i iei in. i l i k 90 in i l -I t .u tbOVui ' 'M | i ! jdni i K<.-i;iii[viKiKi k s i i - h i n i K V l i u b p i ' i y . n i i i i i e M l i m i ^ -l l w i n t n l s m i i ttt'i.i l'U' L 'iQ'.ti.i.'StkiiiiK - * 'H " i n a i a v i kmk|iM' vtt.tetto d i s . muiiiH tkM'iilt'iiii l.i i l i M i u i u k i|in-tl.iuu-ti<n>'i l'ttllrt* 1 •> l n i i n n i n i i p tu l t ^ -s io( i inHkf ÌKur t ' i ' i i I n n i d<* l'affo In -du phiid' invt'sd^'iiH 'nt do V i m i l k a i t l s .H ' i ni. i In,nli I : |il:m |in-.iiil mii-.iivilupiK iti II i,HIII..1,1 |. ni Li (ni ina-lli)llllif%irillle>tl« liHlltrlllNFlilrMlinilif-lllMlr . i • • ( • ' / , • j fc b a - 3
( i i i i l l i i t n i i o IV| i> v e u i C u r e e n l r e r In StNCT d a n s le t o p Ti m o n t i in i t le I» li>Ki^H<|ue.
G m l l a i i i i H ' Pepv. q u i i v i l l l l l Ce
l i m i t i d l K l i a i l i e s de la SNCR
rt n n o n t e rt.ms m i e i n t e r v i e w
a n \ Eetióa In imhlttaap irai né-i iqiicStlli KMHlpe. l e pi-esldellt
«In i l i re t tn l re i k 1 eiitiepii<e k i -
raviiln tieMiiif tu- BrenPMiin t n v * * i i s * e i i i e n r t tene ce i l i limili* ft i i i r i l queq i ie laSNCr
n - pKocMeer un BefUeem per tùMÈÌ de nmlu l i t e dtspHiiihkr
-• M MueejAirM - . m v dkneji AVUHiatii t o t i l c s l e s o f f r e s . y cntupr ts cd les ( k eòKStan^t. Ciii i l lrt inne Pepy v n i t . en o n d e . r a i i t - o i H i o i la SNCF d a n s le U ip^Mi 'Hx l la l r ie ln loglstfqi ieef
pcepera mie eeejaMOMi. s"agis-
•iiint de * p i n u r l m i K i n s qu i un i
tulli, he vi-I t-tr la gRf t Mmi | | l : i f -
B tMe< A l 'urta, k p n t r n n d u
)yr i i ipe a s s i r e è l i o e u j ^ é d a i f e
un - ftireriiirimr et rupuirc ».
qu i iWnn i l Irs ;>ri>t'essm I IK I I IS -
imlMlf r i -^ i i lanle i - I k 'svMei in '
« f i n f f t r im t ìnn i w a g e i i r * « P A G E S 3 0 - 2 1
Semaine cruciale dans le dossier Alstoni-Siemens
Le C0SIS611 d'administration du groupe francais examine mardi un possible rappro-chement.
C O N S T R U C T I O N F E R R O V I A I R E U n tri nv. t i l t'iMene, deputo IWItee i le* tll>tii.vsitniv eli J"14. le p r n i v l ti u n l a p p r o c h e t i u ' i i l étt a e t i v l l e t de tiHiMi i n IH ni li-i un ion i - t ln LII[II;II>M i n . i l flÉCBMBtd
Temei in wwn IrBfQupeAJMoniitceniréeui ne i i- ii-1 -. I h i i - t i . ^ i f u <xmslinii>»ilMiii.^.'iiit 'k-t-il •tu KtMivvrnei iHi i l t i JIK-' I* . l e ^ i k u x u i n q v M i t i i l e i n n l>->diw.iisMti|is la i id isq i ieSK- i i ien* .n.nii,.iil • l n iv—.IH -c i . i..tn m^.n-ti |. . .m.idieitUi.>i i i twdiei I J - rniisrl l dadmltu4iratiiTn du p i i i i i pe ti l t iije par U r t i l i hi i i | i . i r t-!aLin-,edevr.U[ t e nv i rd i def in i r le SÌIH'HI.I ti!• lii-ti>• ! eicapi la l isriqu?di-eeqiu ,«•<u Kilt .teveiui 1 • AMHVKUI k n w i n i r e ••.// P A G E 17 E T L ' E D I T O R I A L D E N I C O L A S B A R R E P A G E 11
vi.-iM-sp.ii Ynnn Vi-rdn
I in e m p i r n e i k G o n f i e n i - . i. u. in In pn-
l o i n i q i i . ' en u n i r , I t ia i id lssant p lns i . -urs
è t i i i l e s s d e n t l u q t i o s so l in i Iceajueflee k s
t i i p i i t l l e s i i H i i i i l I v e ^ d i - s III mi Mie* Milli
t l l m r r . m i i ^ . w i i e s i i p e i k i i r < - - •> i <Ut9
d i i l i i i i i i n Si l.i sticiit'i- i i ionln -a lse-
t l i en i q u e k i e n e ; t u d e * Im t t i n ieses i
IO",. p| n i peej en i n n w m i e . . m r i i n
eomenmu n a taconéwaiKtfi des d i i -l e r e n i e s i e r e h r a l e - i Mel i l i i ia l ives en t ro lt-!idi-ii\ M M t i i t i de l i m i deq lK - l q i l i i t
>ll 111 • I - • • • i . l . l . '/ PAGE 14
T P
L A 3 ' " ' E D I " I O N V A V O U S O U V H I R L ' E S P R I T .
tUffl V Uiptwiivuti.ii'li t.
Pag. 1
ELPAIS www.elpais.com E L P E R I O D I C O G L O B A L
LUNES ' S D - SF PT1FM3RF DF .70171 AfloX I Nùrrero '4 689 | FDldÓNMAQRDI Predo: leonina
La irrupción de la ultraderecha enturbia la Victoria de Merkel La cancillcr alemana logra su cuarto mandato, pero su Ire un severo retroeeso
Alternativa por Alemania entra en el Parlamento corno Bercerà fuerza politica
La derrata histórica de los socialdemócratas obliga a .Merkel a buscar alianzas
AMA CARBAJOSA. Berlin La cancillcr Angela Merkel se i ni • puso ayer por cuarta vez consecu • riva en las clcccioncs alcmanas despuésde 12afios al frentede la mayor economia europea, seguii los prlmeros resultados difundi-dos por la tclcvisión publica
ARI). Su Victoria, sin embargo, re-flcja un claro desgaste (la union cristianodemócrata CDU-CSU su-ma el 32.9% de los votos. freme al 41% de hace cuatro aftos) y que-da eiiipafiada por la irrupción de la ultraderecha. que. con el I3V logra entrar cn ci Parlamento
PROYECCIONES CDU/CSU ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ B 3 2 . 9 % SPD |TelH20.e% AtD e T H 13.0% FDP ••10,6% I.: [.-;:>. § • 9.1% LosVerdes ifls.9%
por prirnera ve?, desde la Segun-da Guerra Mundial. Los socialdemócratas. pese a ser la scgunda fuerza. sufren su peor resultado desde 1949. Los liberales. cuar-tos. regresan renovados al Bundestag. P1CMU 1 1 1
I f - W U FN i » MONA 14
URKULLU: "LA SOLUCIÓN ES UN REFERENDUM LEGAL V PACTADO". Ante milcs dn sogli idòrcs rcumdOS cri Viteria y rcnt-ido con ikurriflas y alguna estolada ci lehendakan Ifligo Urkulkj. reclamò ayer dialogo cn la cnsis de Cataluna y proclamò quo la soluoon pasa por celebrar "un referèndum legai, con garantias y pactado . comò en Quebec y Escocia. Su partido. el PNV. se olrece corno mediador. JL reco P W I N A 2 2
La consulta ilegal afronta la recta final con la tensión en màximos
El cstallido de Ryanair agita el mercado de los pilotos Las companias asiaticas
entrai) cn la pugna
JAVIER SALVATIERRA / MARC ROVIRA Madrid / Tarragona
La crisis de Ryanair ha puesto al descubierto la guerra que librati las companias aereas en busca de pilotos expertos al calorde la recu-pcraciòn econòmica. La alracliva orerta de Nonvcgian se queda ya lejos de lo que pagati las asiatica; Fly Emii ates y Qatar Airways, y a su VC7 cstas temen el empuje de las aerolinea* chinas. P W J U « 9
Un caso de cspionajc salpica las fìnanzas del Vaticano
DANIEL VERDÙ Roma La dimisión en junio pasado de Libero Miioae. auditor de las fìnanzas de la Santa Sede, causo enorme sorpresa. Entonces sedi-jo que se iha voluntariamcnte. Abora. Milone asegura que le obligaron a dimitir para encubrìr el resultado de sus pesquisas El Vaticano dice que lo echaron por espiar a sus superiorcs. P M U N * a
d e p o r t e s
Màrqucz gana en Aragón y se afianza en el liderato
Ei actual campeón de MotoGP se impone en una correrà plaga-da de adclantamientos y ya saca 16 pumos a Dovizioso.
v i g i l i conquista su (crcer Yluitdial consecutivo
Cavitili 1 nc.thc/.i la oposicióii a los privilcgios de Mcymar
Tras dos semanas de escalada sin precedentes. el Gobierno se prepara para abortar los "planes de comingencia" de Puigdemont
CAMILO S BAQJERO. Barcelona E] pulso indepcndentisto cn Cataluna afronta sus dias declsivos, Tras un fin de semana repleto de actos a favor del referendum ilegal. el mensqje es que nada fienarà la cita con las umas. El (ìobicmo està en alena para desaclivar los "planes de coiitingencia" anunciados pai la Gcnci alitai, pnmu. u » 2»
Interior convoca a los Mossos a una rcunión clave para frenar la votación
La red de injcrcncia msa situa la crisis catalana cn sus prìorìdades contra la UE m
Si vas en serio riTiTì=iii'ii)^«3
Pag. 1
DXT rtTBOLCESC'ElCholo'me ^ fascina», reconoceel medio del v " Chelsea, que el nrùercoles se mide con el Atlètico en el Metropolitano 1
MOTOCICLISMO MÀRQUEZ
Arriesga para vencer en Alcaniz y se distancia de Dovizioso y Vinales a falta de cuatrocarreras
C I C L I S M O SAGAN Gana al sprint' el oro en el Mundial y se conviene en elpnmeroen ottener tres • n. i il l i i- - arco iris consecutivos
Solo HOYyM ANANA
ELMUNDOal30°/ode descuento iAhorra207€!
LI ama al 91 27519 88
ELOMUNDO LUNES 25 DE SEPTIEMBflE DE 2017
ANO XXVII. NLIMEflO: 10.138.
EOICIONNACIONAL
P M C I 0 : l . 5 O €
•Los delitos llevan a las espaldas et castigo (Miguel de Cervantes) •
Puigdemont puede ser acusado de rebelión si declara la secesión La Fiscalia se reserva la aplicación de este deliro, castigado con hasta 25 anos de càrcel • El
Gobierno sólo pontina en marcha el articulo 155 si cuenta con el apoyo expreso del PSOE y Cs
MARI SA C R U Z MADRIO
Las instituciones del Estado guardati en la recàmara los instrumen-tos mas potemes que proporciona la ley para resporider al desafio in-dependentista. Si el presidente catalani, Carles Puigdemont, se atre-viera a proclamar la independenda después del I -0, se expondna a ser acusado por la Fiscalia de un deli-to de rebelión, castigado con un maximo de 25 anos de càrcel en los casos en que no se utilìcen ar-mas. Los juristas debaten si es ne-cesario que se empiee la violencia para incurrir en rebelión. pero del estudio de la jurisprudencia del Supremo algunos muy cualificados concluyen que no.
• Colali impulsa un frente anli PP con los independentistas
La otra via es la del articulo 155. que todavia sigue a disposición del Gobierno. pero el presidente, Mariano Rajoy, recabaria el apoyo expreso del PSOE y de Ciudadanos en el caso de tener que poneria en marcha pam restablecer la norma, lidad institucional y finantiera en Catalana. £ 1 jefe del Esecutivo mantiene una linea abietta permanente con Pedro Sanchez y Albert Rivera. P A G I N A G
Si "TÈ
a
TREGUA POR LA
MISA DE LA MERCÈ
El preadciit' del Govem. Carte Pucgdcmonl: el ddegado del Gobierno, Enne Millo: el ins-pector general del EjèrciTo de Tiara, Fernanda Aznar, y et 'consdler' de liitenor, Joaqulm Foni eoxiadiErcn ayer en la misa mayorpor la patrona de Barcelona, roto ummMOMMI
Merkel sera canciller por cuarta vez y la ultraderecha irrumpe en el Bundestag
CARMEN VALERO BERLIN Angela Merkel se mantcndrà cuatro anos mas en el Gobierno pese a que el btoque conservador que dirige fue el gran perdedor de las eleociones de ayer en AJe-marua. La Union Crisnanodemó-crala (CDU) y su socio bévaro, CSU, obtwieron un de los votos, el peor resili tado desde 1949. Se dejó robar 1 , f f i millones de vatos por la populista .Alternativa para Aleniamo (AfD) que, conlirmando los peores augu-rios, se colò en el Partamento.
SIGUE ENPAG.20 / EDITORI IL EN PAG. 3
EM2 CIENCIfl
Espana busca
una cura para el
'ébola' del olivo Un insedi) llevadearbol en àrbol
la batteria que vino de Italia
POR TERESA GUERRERO / M C 31
ENTREVISTA A JOAQUIM GAY DE MONTELLA Presidente de Fomento del Trabajo
La patronal catalana propone otro Estatut y un referèndum en 2019 propuesla de los
empresarios incluye
una reforma
constitucional con
una disposición
corno la vasca que
recogeel pacto fiscal
B M B B M Ademàsdemejorar
las itiversiones, la
Getieralitat tendria
sclcccioncs propias
ymayorpresencia
en organismos
internacionales
rrf .rfr?i «Vienen
dias complejosy
dificiles hasta el
1-0. Si el Gobierno
y e l Goveni no
restahlecen el
diàlogo, habrà una
confrontación»
dE3 «No es
cierto que los
empresarios
catalanes seamos
cobardes, pero
vivimos aqui. Es
fàcil ser rotundo
desde fuera»
PO R CARLOS SEGOVIA / P A G I H A S 2 8 Y 2 9 : E O I T U R I A L E N P À G I N A ]
Pag. 2
2,00 € Premiere étiitloit. N" 11302 LUNDI25 SEPTEMBRE 2017 M >*w.libcralìon J r
L ex r reme drolteenrre au Bundestag Alisela Merkel rompile pour un qua-Uièmc mandai. Mais die devra former un gouvemement de ccalilion et compier avec l'AfD. qui obtient pour la première fois des sìèges au Parlemenl. PAG ES 8-9
Ladrolte consegue le setiar Rcnouvelée de molile après le voiedes grandsclecteursdimariche, la Chambre haute reste aux malns de la droitc et de scs alllcs ccntrlstcs. Pour le groupe LREM, le compie n'y est pas. i
Siemens recupero Aisfom Le groupe francate doli avallscrmardi un prò jet de fuslon avec son homologue mi: nlchois, ouvrant la voie & un Champion europeen du ferrovtatre. Les syndlcats som sur les denis- RAQES I S 19
unmanpuma C E S I IME 101 DES SBSPECTS
Henri Ledere, invite special. L'avocat et ancien président de la Ligue des droits de rhomrne s'inquiète du texte examiné ce lundi à lAssemolée nationale, visant à inserire dans le droit commun les principales mesures
d'exception mises en place après les attentats du 13 Novembre. .-,
PAS LE TEMPS DE SOUFFLER, TANT LES REBONDISSEMENTS S'ENCHAINENT
TÉLÉRAMA
< ^ PREMIERE TRAHSFUCE Télérama1
IMPRIME E H FRANGE / PRINTED IH F R A N C E ' i ., : I M I ,\r, i : . 2 . 1 H C 3 O 0 C ... i o o t. Cmid l I M I . Dtimiatk 3 » K J . DCM I M I , E q » p w * M C , B O B Unis U » S . Flnluid* U O C . <3l»ld»Ent>|n»lJllO C S i r a U O C :ilaikfc-UH C Israel B U . t i i U O C. UamnbouisajOOC.Un 3 0 Dfv Storage30Itt . Fap B j s 2 J 0 C, Pctlug»! ( imi .1130C. M a » U O C . Suede XI*t Suso»MO F S TOM « 0 C n Tunisi»XBO D T Zane CFA 3 H » C F A
Pag. 1
Taking a knee NFLpìayersat Wembley hit back at Trump Q thls section
VE*
Ditchthe jumpers
I The ethical case against
Ti
Chintz charming Pablo Bronstein's homage to80s nostalgia"*
Monday 25.09.17 Publishud in London and Manchester (hegudrdlaitjccim
subscribers page38 •
ronstein's
theguardian Merkel's fourth-term win marred by rise of far right •German leader re-elected with weaker authority • Anti-immigrant AfD takes third biggest vote share • Country now faces weeks of coalition talks
Kate Conno! ry Bcriin
Angela MeikHiuusetuted a fourt h rerm ai German ctiancelkir. bui with her luthon itydtfntnishrd.aftprhpTcon «nat ive Noe vetuird Itie lead poulioniiipailiainrnlaiy «lectkms bui faHed Co lulr thr march or far-rightwing populisti.
Alternative fur Deutschland \ ! l • . • celebrai ingsecunngthird piacciasi night. Invine, won 13% of the vote, «cordi ng 10 ex ti polis, m.nkinultvfifslliini'in.nirmiil six decade* Ihat an opcnly nalionalist pan V witl entri the Bundestag,
Exit poli* K.-ivr Merkel'scentre-right Christian I V T I . • :,• ! alliance about 33%of tlii- vote, aboul iz ponili alteadof '..ri nubi rivai*. Manin Schulz*»centre-.- 1 ; Social :1 . • . il •. • 51• :l 1 who secured about 21%. K marked Ihepooiest r esuli for G • ! 1. 1 . 1 .!.••. -.r pany lince 1949. whfch • •ili now bccciroe tbe opponiti on.
Addtesting CDU «upparten In Berlin. a tomrwhal 11: !• •• T .- Mctkcl Iti m i . • ' \ t - ' I .;• ; I t ! i . |nUH". - (ir 111 ' I . i- ' . l : . . tr; .:i- I M . I 1 . ! ti li11 1 'I "\ cletiioncampaig»had been icathed and pive ber a mandile i< forni the next gov-• • Il ri-".-..: M.-I. i > ; . i . - t : H : - 1 Iwpany'swjfM reMitt indccadcs,calUng the (Hitcome "a result whtch vru noi ai good a* we had rxprcied". Shc pTom Ised to llsten lo the "concerni and anxiet Irs" of Ali) voteti lo win baili Iheit volw.
The Alt» "s nropulsion into paihament \\M foui yeai* mio i t i exiitence glvej ihc country iti tini far-nght fotte 011 the naiiorul stage since 1961. and a fati 1011
Angela Mctkcl was re-elcctcd with about oFtbe voic. ber pony 'swoiii renali for decade» i'botograph: Sean Grdlap/Gclty
wlth the 111.;-.' - ..l.-.T :ir!..)l :•]• - . i - f .- of righi winjj extremis!! lince the Naxk era.
The AfDwill become the Ihud-turgesl pany. and Is on course to occupy 88 seats in I he Ft» nòni ag coni p.ired wllhabout H7 fot the CDU/CSU and 137 fot the SPD
Addressingeuphoric party members at the partyl Berlin hcadquartcrs. Alenano* er Ulula i HÌ.IlirAm\lradcjndidati\\aid li» party woukJ change Germany. l'in •- is a greai day for our pany politicai huiory. Wc aie cniciing ihc Bundestag fot the
we I uige th Is country." He - i l 11 A11 Ì ..., .: -hound" Merkel
over bri rediger pohry, renewing Ali) calls for a parliamentary committee to i " . .1.11.1 if 1 in- Iettai -.,1- :i on •••••!< - l i -open ed Germany's bofdrn dttring the refugeemsiiofzcis. Headded: "We will Ukeourpeuple and our touiiliy back"
; ' . • e dear analysis tbai feari over
the refugee influ* and i t i aftermaih was tbe single biggest reaton for the AfD's surge, Merkel icpealed ber conviaion in a tìery post-result TVdebatethai shehad noopllcifi 1-\ • • • li.. 11 loallow Inlo Gei-manv an estimai ed one miilion people in • - I Ì I I K I I I - . Someobservrrscalled (he circi 100 a belated referendum ori the rrlugrr paiicy.
Merkel» alliaiice tosi about 8% of the vote, campar ed wiih die La&i eleciion. Tbe SPD was down by almost The AID gams of more irian 8S on its 2013 r esuli, when 11 failed to reach the v*. hurdle that wouldhaveallowed il into the Bundestag. ThtrtyRve per cent ortBsypporteriwrre fu%1-lime vote»,
Tumout was 77% • a 5.5% n»eon 2013 - after voleri were urged by leadertof the maimtR'aiu paities totuni imi in tuue 111 ut attempi tocounter the far rtgbt.
Thecountry t>ow face* week»ofdrai«m-out talks ••••iil. other parties to forni a goveiruneot w»th the CDU'CSU A repeat of the "grand coalition" between Merkel's conservative albance and the SPD - T .M •• 1 • ) S J seais • •.' 1 • 1. •. 1 I - I .1 . formagovernineTit butwasvehemently tuled out by SchulE. who in 1 heTV dehate . .illt-il M t - i k r l \ H i i l i ( H ] Ladm "srandal-o\i%" and ..••!'..-.: bei ofereating the politicai vacu UBI inai wat fi lied by the AfD.
A second apUon i - - • 1 1 I.I.K .. 11.1.111. • " - so called because the pariles' colouts 1 • : - - up the ! . . ! • . . . ( , 1.1., • between the t'.IH;rr,SU. the resurrected Frec Ormo tratte party (FDP) and the Greens. whtch woiild 1 • • .n
Btit the constellatii hasneuerbeentiledtnthe '
Comlnutd on page 7 >
McDonnell to pledge help for millions stuck in debt RowetuMason Depuly polli kal editor
People trapped m a spirai of credit card deb! v,- ni-! In. l.-i! i" . . iupmi thru interest rayments under a Labout govern-mem. fohn McDonnell. ihestiiidowcruui oellor. wil I say today.
Speaklngal the party's annual con-••<••••••••< in Brìgbton. McDonnell wtll announcc plans lo help more Ihan three million people whoarepaying fai moie in iiilrrest pjynirnlilhjii tttey borrowvd In the first place. Under theproposals. there would be a cap so they would not bave to pay t»ck mtnp Ihan I wkc iht- jinuunl they had borrowed on their credit cardi.
Labour's pian would bring the regula-tlonof the credit card industry imo line with mici on payday loan compamrs. wbich had thesamerestnctions imposed ftom20t5.
MtUonnell saad he wascaIJing upon the Kovetiimenttoact now ioapply thesamr miei on credit card debt. "It mean* ih.it noone willever pay more in interest ihan their organai Iran, - he will say.
* l f the Tories trfiise to ad, I can announce today that the next Ubour giivrninwnl willamend llie law."
Ttiepoltc>n*es'ltrted io appeal tocon-sunvrsataimiewhenLabouilipreparing fortheposMbllilyofanathergmeralelK-tlon. with the Conservatives In turinoli over i : and their i.> i of a nu|ority In parltament, and comes amid deep politicai worry about I he leveli of debt being racked up by some of the UK's most vulnera bte consumer*.
Accordimjtolhe Money AdvIceServtce, there are now 8.3 mlllion people In the UK wlth problem debti. The Ubour heads of two parlumentary committees ha ve this motitli urged the goveirum-ut to set up an iudependenl public inqulry Into the EZOObn ofdebi amaised by households.
The cali by Bachrl MtfW. who chairs : I ' • :• . : v . - - • • cornmitlcr, and Frank Fldd, of the work and pemion* sclect corsi mine*, cornea .1 •- the Conservaiive-led Treaiury seket committee arso plam to hold meeting* around the country to clamine the impact or debt on tndlvidu-alsand households.
Andrew Bailey. chief executive of the Financial Conduci Authority, sald bst werk thal he was concemed abuui the stieer limolici of people whu needed loan» 10 rrwikeendi meet ^•KaUfcal'k Ueidenllfied m-calied glg W v
Conunued on page 2 1
Only 3% of UK's most powerful are from ethnic minorities Pa mela Duncan
Just of : • - M most powerful and infliien1i.il people are from black and m ninni y ethnic groups. accordlng to in analysis that highllghls startling inequahty detplle decade* of legtslation to addrrss discnmination.
Fiom 1 list of just o\i*r LODO politicai, bilanciai. ;•. ' i- cultural and securtty liguiei drawn up by the Guardian In pan-ijcisiiip with Operrjtloii Black Vote and In consultation with academics, only 36 were from BAMF, groups. Just sevm io7^»werenon-whilev.omen
The numbers betray a dlKonned with the cornposition of the UK populatlon, 1X9% of whom bave an ethnic minonty background. In someseciors - the polke.
tlli- nul l i .uy, t l t r M i i i i r i n r m u r i .uld l l i p secuttty set vi ce», as well as top consul-undet and bw firmi - there were no non-wti ite people in poMtiortsof leadership.
; 1 1 • y advocatei said I he la test study highlighted the glass ceilings, Minile di v oimlnatioR and "amnity blas" that ethnic minorities face as a mailer of course tn tlìetr tareeis. "Wrneed to ensuretlut every young penon ha* a r ole moti el t h«-y can look up to." said the London mayot.
The proportiort of women from black and mlnonty «rtnk baekgrpHundt pn |b» listo! Britain-smost powerful people - a grand total of inveri
SudiliKli.111. "It'sMIiiritNirtaiit InIJi-->in1-thesucccssful hguiesfiomBriulri^BAME coaununiUes. We need 10 create a sense of ••i"un-.ir .1 - n i •! . - I H hope."
Speaking at a Guardian Live e veni al the Labour party conferente in Brigfilon. Khan also klenttfied confìdenoe as a key factor in holding BAME people back. "Sunte whilr ..-.;>.-• : i • •! LO uh delti aboul iipplyingfor |obs evenif they arenot fully qualified. Bui BAME people may not baie ihesamecurthdenceevrn thougli 1 lu y aie more quali ned," he said.
The analysis looked at the ethmctly of 1,049 people aerosi jy tategones cover-i ' i ' p «i.: 1 -. in i : the civil servite, polking,
defence and the judldary, FISE compa-m n and burnirsi, professional services includingihe hradsof law.accountancy,
advrihniin, t(insultiti); and puhlish-Ing fums. arti bodles. the media, ttade unions. top unlverslttes. spornng bodles and NHS liusls.
The results cali tntnquestton the effec-live resi of legtslation sudi as the 2000 Race Relatkms Ac t and 201 oEquality Act. ~Pat hways to power are almosl non cxi 11
il . '•• :>-.i: I. or A«ian." said Simon VVoolley. director and co-founderofOper-ation Black Vote. whKh helped compile Un-Coluti 1 ut Puwei data alung witli rhe lecrullment consultancy Green Parti.
"The wbite club virtually locks out black (aleni. The lack of diversi ry al the top leve.1 ks dceply trou-bllng, noi kast because m ^ É F V F ^ F
CorrtlnuedonpagelS -•
the easy way to buy a new sofà
dfs.co.uk
or cai Iree 241 or 0600 H0 5000
Pag. 1
Angela Merkel, redoutable stratège
NICOLAS BAROTTE CORRESPONDANT A B E R L N
RIEX V A L'AIR de l'impressionner. Ni les rodomontades de Donald Trump. ni les manneuvres de Vladimir Politine, ni les masses de réfugiés qui accourent en Euro pe. ni les présidents fi ancais qui se succè-dent polir refonder l'Europe... Angela Merkel leur accordo le méme rogarci analytique, percant, froid. qui semble toujours dke : •' Quuiid as tu termine ? » «Qitandje ne parte pei*, j'ai vapidemeni l'air bìasée. le le regrette ». a-t-elle admis avant l'été. Mais rien ne lui échappe ja mais. Dimanche, elle a accueilii sa victoire de la méme manière, calmement, malgré la percée des populistes, ciui va entacher son mandat. Der Spiegel lui fait déjà porter la responsabilité d'ètre «la mère de l'AfD». Durant le traditionncl «débat des élephants» qui a suivi les résultats, elle a écouté les reproches que tous lui ont fait sans broneher, concentrée comme ja-mais. Pouf reconquérir cet électorat per-du, elle conipte niener une banne poiiti-que». font simplement.
Le sacre n'est pas triompliai. Lucide sur l'usure du pouvoir. elle ne l'avait pas esperé de Ionie facon. Mais Angela Merkel a quand méme rejoint les plus grands cornine {Conrad Adenauer ou Helmut Kolil . élus qualre fois clianceliers. Apres douze ans de pouvoir, elle demeure un mystère. Elle exerce un pouvoir sans faille mais sans s'en enivrer. Elle incarne la réconciliation de l'Allemagne avec son histoire, sa prosperile, son immobilismo et ses divisions raaintenant.
Son calme inébranlable qui étouffe les
débats impressionile et intrigue. Illus-tration dimanche dernier, une semaine avant les élections : un intrus fait i r rup-tion au siòge de la maison «fedidwgu gl », le dròle de noni du siòge de campa gne de la CDU. I l s'agii de labréviat ion
du slogan : « Pour une Allemagrte dans laquelle ilfcrìi bon vivre. » « Qu 'avez-vous fail pour le pays ? Il fentt empécher que eette femme soit ehaneelière ». Inule l'in -dividu, entre autres, alors qu'Angela Merkel vieni de monter sur une petite
estrade installée devant une centaine d'invités. En l'absence de eontróles de sécurité a l 'entrée, il re'a pas de mal a s'infiltrer dans colte soirée consacrée à la littérature. Angela Merkel, inlriguée. plissé les yeux pour apercevoh dans la pénombre celui qui l'accuse. Ou pour vérifierqu'on l'évaeue bien. «Bon, nous avons eu la un exeniple de la liberlé d 'expression», résumé-1-elle avant de s'asseoir. Elle se relève aussitòt, se re-tourne et ordonne : «Et maintenant je vou.s demande le sttence. »
Avec son époux Joachim Sauer, elle est venue écouter son amie l'Ila Hahn. Certe poetesse allemande est célèbre pour son leuvre et pour son parcours. L'un de ses texles évoque son expérience au sein du Parti coramuniste d'Allemagne de l'Ouest. Angela Merkel. ehaneelière conservatrice qui a vécu l'oppression de la RDA, l'observe et rit méme parfois. eom me si elle se rappelait des souvenirs per-sonnels et l'absurdité du regime. Il fa udrà attendre unequestion du public pour per-turbcr la quictude dopolitiscc du moment. I n homme d'origine algérienne « qui écn'f un livre pour expliquer en arabe ce qu'est l'Allemagne», interroge l'artiste sur les ventes d'armes à l'Arabie saoudite. Lilla H<dm, à peine déeontenancée par celle question qui s'adresse moins à elle qu'à la femme assise au premier rang, répond sa-gement. Elle est « coni re sur le principe »
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 1
mais elle « comprend » aussi les contraili -tes politiques. « Heureusement, glisse-t-elle, noti.s ctVOìW une ehaneelière resjlOtlBa-ble qui sait parler avec tout le monde. »
Elle est m é m e au centra du monde. Farmi les leaders mondiaux. il n'y a que Vladimir Pontine pour battre sa longévi té au pouvoir. Vu de Moscou, et m é m e d'ailieurs. Angela Merkel est la chef de l'Europe. Elle y donne le ton. pour le pire ou le meillenr. Poni" poser ses eondilioixs au sauvetage de la zone euro et de la Grece. Pour accueillir les réfugiés l'uyant la guerre en Syrie. Avant de quitter la Maison-Bianche. Barack Obama lui a rendu un hommage appuyé . cornine un passage de t é m o i n . « Elle incarne beaueoup des qualilés d'un diiigeanl que j'admire le plus. Elle est guidée ci la fois par des mtérèts et des valeurs», a-t - i l clit.
Tous ceux qui la còtoient la décrivent de la m é m e m a n i è r e : prudente, simple. p r é cise, aimable. Angela Merkel seri le caie e l l e - m é m e airx interlocuteurs qu'elle re -coil dans son bureau. Elle leur munire aussi la vue depuis son baleon sur le Reiehsrag. l 'ancien premier ministre Jean - Marc Ayrault se souvient : « Elle m'a dif: "il me suneille." » ( lenéralement , elle indique aussi ou passait le mur et leur r a -conte qu'elle vivait de Fautre coté. «Elle est très démncratiquement inspirée», pour.suit Jean Marc Ayrault. Ces t la Bouree et Tappili de son pouvoir : chacune de ses decisions doil étre validee par le Bun-destag. C e s t la source de son autorité. Quand Obama Fa tancee pour qu'elle des-serre les cordons de la bourse et qu'elle re lance l'economie e u i o p é e m i e , au moment de la crise, elle a réplique : « Vous voulez que je viole la Constitution allemande?»
Angela Merkel n'est pas une lyrique et ne prononce pas de grands diseours. Elle laisse le soin de r é e n c h a n l e r le monde «nu.v pnères ». E n scientifique, elle préfère s'interesse! - a la m é e a n i q u e des choses.
De Tallire co té du mur, jusqu'à Tàge de 35 ans, Angela Merkel était cliimiste. Pour sa thèse « Étude du m é c a n i s m e des réact ions de c léconipos i t ion avec rupture de la liaison simple et le calcili de leurs constantes de vitesse sur la base de la chimie qnantique et des m é t h o d e s sta tistiques » , elle obtient une mention très bien en 1986, Trois ans plus tard. elle abandonne subitement la reeberebe pour la ix>Iitique, cornine la poss ibi l i té d'une autre vie.
Il ne l'aiti pas oublier qu*Angela Merkel est née , e n r é a l i t é , i l i 'Guest. à H a m b o u r g en 1954. « Elle aurait pu vivre libre », sou-ligno Jacqueline Boysen, Tune de ses
biographes, si son pére , pasteur, n'avait
pas choiside s'installer en RDA peu après sa naissance. Elle s'en est a c c o m m o d é e . Elle a appris la patienee et l'endurance. «Elle a grandi sans l'idée que le mur piasse un /our tomber, poursiut Jacqueline Boysen. Elle n'était pas malheureuse à l'Est, mais elle ne pouvait pas décider li-brement de ee qu'elle faisait. "I.iberté", ce n 'est pas seulement un mot poUT elle. »
Le parcours d'emancipation d'Angela Merkel est conni! dans les moindres d é -tails. mais suscite toujours le m é m e elormement. Le l> novembre 1()89, elle se rend au sauna tandis cine le mur de Berlin s'effondre, se p r o m è n e dans les rues Je soir, puis se conche tòt parce qu'elle tra -vaille le lemleniain. Quciques semaines plus tard, elle s'engage auprès du « Re nouveau d é m o c r a t i q u e » . Elle y préfère Tambiance, inspirée de valeurs e h r é -tiennes, a celle des groupes proches de la gUtcltc. Discrete, appliquec, efficace, elle gravi! les é c h e l o n s a mie vitesse ful-guranle jusqu'à étre n o m m é e ministre
des Fcmmes et de la Jeunesse dans le gouvernement d'Helmul Kohl . qui en fait sa pro tégée .
Moins d'une d é c e n n i e plus tard, elle le lue poliliquemenl dans une tribune pu bl iée dans la Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung le 22 c lécembre 1W0.. Elle invite la C D U a rompre avec Tancien ehance-lier d iscrédi to par l'affaire des caisses noires. « C'étail un pas courageux, sans
don te néces sa i re . L a C D U devait s ' é m a n c i p e r de Koli l . Elle a permis au parti d 'avan-c e r » , eonfie le secrétaire d'Etat aux Finances Jens Spa lui , l ' ini de ses acl-versaires au sein de la C D U . (lontre Kol i l , la morale Ta emporte sur la lovauté .
Les valeurs pro-fondes d'Angela Merkel la condili
/ont à hiisser les por-tes de l'Allemagne juvertes en 2015 au
mix des réfugiés . Elles lui viennent de sa culture
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 2
/
protestante. « Elle est cmyante. Pimi elle, (Iva quel-
que clìose de superieur, qui nous limile et l'empéche ile iiire "Je suis
/ la plus grande " » , explique laeque-line Koysen. {'.'est une lecon de mo
destie permanente , lille est aussi une calculatrice froide.
U n à un. elle a é l i m i n é ses eoncurrents politiques. E n 2005, elle d é t t e le chance -lier social d é m o c r a t e Gerhard Schroder , qui a c o n v o q u é un scrut i l i a n t i c i p é après les r é f o r m e s sociales impopulaires de l 'Agenda 2010. Angela Merkel n'est pas t i è s bornie en campagne. F i le manque de charisme. Mais ses adversaires la sous-estiment, c'est sa chance . A la fin, G e rhard Schroder avec une morgue inde cento tento do lui conteste! la victoiro. «L<7 realité, c'est que vous avez perdu». lu i r é t o r q u e - t - e l l e . Angela M e r k e l n'aime pas les querelles ; elle ne connait que les faits.
Pragmatique, elle se m é f i e dos i d é o l o -gies. Elles ne lui ont r i en a p p o r t é . A v e c elle, la C D U s'est leni emoni d é p o r l é e vers le centre. pour s'adapter aux é v o l u -tions de la s o c i é t é . E n juillet. lors de la d c n i i é r c sossion chi Bundestag. Angola Merke l a la i ssé les par lementakes aclop-ter le mariage pour tous. C'est encore une preuve de son art politique OU de son opportunisnie. Ses proehes l ' o n t t h e o r i s é c a m m e la •< dèmohitisation asymétri-que». L a c h a n c e l i è r e c o u p é court aux d é b a t s . prive ses opposants d'angle d'at-laque, capi e leurs é l e c t e u r s . «Elle cor respond à l'air du tetnps», explique le COmmunicant Michael Spreng. Durant les d e r n i è r e s anr iées , l ' i c ò n e s'est fissu
r é e . L ' e x c è s de consensus m e r k e h e n ajoute aux erises européenne ei m i g r a -loire a fail renaitre l ' e x t r è m e droile . L e s militants de FAfT) n'ont que baine pour la c h a n c e l i è r e dos ré fug ié s . Angela Merke l divise maintenant.
R e s t e r à - t elle cornino un grand lea der allemancl ou europecn ? E n douzé ans, son b i lan est contrasta. E c o n o m i -quement , elle a g e r é l 'heritage de G e rhard S c h r o d e r et n'a r è g i e a i i cun des cléfis futura du pays . cornine le viei l l is semenl ou le sous- invest i ssement . El le n'a fait preuve n i de v is ion n i de c o m a ge. A u n iveau s o c i é t a l , elle a b o u s c u l é le pays avec ses c l é c i s i o n s solitaires. c o r a me la sortie de l'atonie ou F a c c u e i l des r é f u g i é s . El le a auss i redol ine à l 'Alio magne u n i ò l e et une Berte internat io -tiale. I l lui reste devant ehe le chant ier d'une Europe à refonder. Tout le monde veut croiro c|u'olle aura a C(X-ur d'on fai re son h é r i t a g e politique.
F a c e à une felle r e s p o n s a b i l i t é histori cine, Angola Merkel seinble é t o n n a m ment calme. Si elle penso é v i d e m m e n t a Favel l ì i ' , elle se p r é o c c u p e d'abord du quotidien. « S f r a n g e things happen eve-r v d a v » , elianto Uschi Brùn ing , I n v i t é e un so irde septenibre a la maison « tedici w g u g l » . «Des chases etranges aiTiverit tous les jours. » O t t e chanteuse de jazz de 70 ans é ta i t une stai' e n R I ) A . Angela Merkel est là pour l ' é e o u t e r . L'artiste lui lencl le m i t r o et la c h a n c e l i è r e reprend lo refrain. «Every day, eveiyday. » E n j o u é e el sans penser à demain . •
La chancelière rejoint les plus grands comme Adenauer ou Kohl, élus à quatre reprises, mais demeure un vrai mystère.
** Elle a un haut niveau d'exigence et une vision très complète : technique, nationale, intemationale *9 ÉDOUARD PHILIPPE. PREMIER MINISTRE FRANCAIS
La chancelière Angela Merkel, au moment de son vote pour les elections fédérales allemandes, dimanche à Berlin.
Angela Merkel incarne beaucoup des qualités d'un dirigeant que j'admire le plus. Elle est guidée à la fois par des intérèts et des valeurs R p i n r l f O l e i n a
* ? Elle n'était pas malheureuse à l'Est, mais elle ne pouvait pas décider librement de ce qu'elle faisait. "Liberté", ce n'est pas seulement un mot pour elle 99 JACQUELINE BOYSEN. UNE DE SES BIOGRAPHES
0DD ANDERSEN/AFP
Pag. 3
Kurdistan : l'audacieux pari de Barzani Le chef du Kurdistan irakien a rejeté tous les appels à annuler le referendum d'autodétermination prévu lundi.
IRAK «Sarakhaboun! » «Indépendun-ce.'» Le mot magique s'étale en grosses letties sur les affiches appelant à voler oui au referendum du 25 septembre clont l'issile positive ne lait aucun doute. Il esl placardé sur les devantures dcs rnaga-siiis, les voitures, les avenues, les murs de la ciladelle d'Lrbil. Il rivalise avee les drapcaux, à bandes, rouge, bianche et velie, frapjjées d'un soleil. les eouleurs du Kurdistan.
« Sous vivons le momenti le plus impor fcnil de nutre kvttoire dejnds un siede», dit Adnan Mufti. (Jet ancien président du Parlement de la région autonome du Kurdistan évoque bien sur la promesse faile aux Kurdes par les Alliés à la fin de l'Empire ottoman lors de la conlérence de Sèvres en 1920. Le traité prévoyait de leur octroyer un État indépendant dans l'est de l'Analolie et dans la province de
Mossoul. Un projet enleiré trote ans plus tarcl par le traité de Lausanne, puispar la Société des nations (SDN ).
Cestcevieux révequ 'agite ànouveau, son eterne! kellieli enroulé autour de la tète. Massone! Balzani, ritentici* d'une dynastie de grandS chefs kurdes. Avant lui, son pere, Moustapha, hit le ministre de la Défense de l'éphémère République de Mahabad. une entité kurde établie en décembre 1945 en Iran, avec le soutien de Statine, et balayée l'année suivante par Tehèran.
Agé de 71 ans et seul maitre à bord du bateau kurdé irakien, le président de la région autonome du Kurdistan irakien estime que le temps est venu de tenter, conlre ventsel tnarées, de forcer le des Un. « Moire histoire esl une kmgue mar che. Elle ci tOUJOUìS été marquee par la guerre. Nous avems franchi les étapes les plus dures, Nous avons une chance de par\'eì\ir à notre but et nous allons la sai sir» poursuit Noori O. Abdulralnna, coordinateur du gouvernement kurde irakien. Durant toute la sema ine prece dant le referendum, Massoud Barzani a couru les stades pour convaincre son peuple, non pas du droit a l'autodéter mination quii fait l'unanimité panni les Kurdes, mais de la pertinente de son ca-lendrier. «il semble persuade qu'unefe-nèrre de tir est ouverte pour mener son opération tant que l'Élat irakien est faible et n'est pas entièrement stabilisé et qu'elle
se refermera avee la fìn des combats de l'année irakienne et de la coaMon l'urei' nutitmule Lontre Duith», confie un diplomate.
Annoncée depuis plusieurs mois, l'opération n'est pas dénuée d'arrière penséesde politk|ue intérieure. Massoud Barzani a besoin de renforcer sa légitimi-té alors que son dernier mandat presi dentici est expiré clepuis deux ans et c|ue les institutions de la région autonome du Kurdistan soni paralysées flirt» ci-des-sous). II est également engagé dans une eourse au prestige nalionaliste avec ses rivaux turcs et syriens de la ffuérilla du PKK qui Otti pris Je pouvoir au Rojava, le Kurdistan syricnet combat leni Daech à Raqqa et Deir ez Zor, avec Lappiti des États-l.'nis. Il entend engranger les divi-dendes de la guerre menée par les pedi tnergas contre LLtat islamic|iie pour la li-bération de la région de Mossoul avant que les grandes puissances se désenga gent. 11 veut enfin tirer profit de son ima-ge dans l'opinion publique internationa le de défenseur des minorités alors qu'il apparai! quecelte prolection j)asse par la soumission à son pouvoir.
Son défi se heurte eependant a de se-rieux obslacles extérieius. Massoud Bar zani se dit «pré"t ci negoder sérieusement avec Bagdad mais après le 25 septembre •> Ics condilions d'un « Kurdexit », mais il est peu probabile qu'il soit entendu par le pouvoir centrai. Meme s'il avail la vo-lonté de làcher du lest, le premier minis tre irakien Haidar al-Abadi ne peut céder au sécessioimisme kurde, sous peine de perdre les élections parlementaires prévues l'année prochaine. et menace de passer «à une action militaire». Le ton est encore plus virulent dans les rangs d'al-Hachd al-Chaabi, lesl'nitésde mo-bilisation populaire, |)lacées sous la tu telk du gouvernement irakien mais dé-pendanl idéologiquemen! et financiérement de Tehèran. L'un de ses
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 4
chefs a déjà mis en garde contre les ris quesdeguerrecivile. Sonparrain iranica est sur Ja mènie longueur d'onde. Sanie di, le puissant general iranien Qassem Soleiiiiani, chef des gardiens de la revolution se serait rendu à Erbil pour L U I dernier coup de semonce.
Erdogan au centre du jeu De son còte, la Turquie a fait savoir qu'elle pourrait, une fois n'est pas eou-tume, s'entendre avec l'Iran. c|ui crainl un effet de contagio» dans son importante population kurcle, pour prenci re des sanctions. Les deus pays ont Ics moyens d'asphyxier économiquement l'enclave kurdeen lermant Ics front ìeres terrestres et aériennes et en coupant le robinel du pélrole. Recep Tayyip Fido gan redoute que le vote des Kurdes ira-kiensrenforce le separatisme kurdedans le sud-est de la Turquie. Il entretient jus-
qu'à présent des relations de lx)ii voisi nage avec Massoud Bar/ani, son unique allié dans la région, en C|ui il voit LUI contrepoids au PKK et un exceilent par tenaire conuncrcial. Le gouvernement kurde irakien exporte la quasi tolalite desa production petrolière - son unique ressource - via unoléoduc ture jusqu'au terminal de Ceyhan sur la Mediterranée.
Il compte aussi sin la porte turque pour honorer dans les prochaines années un enorme contrai gazier el pélrolicr passe avec la compagnie publique russe Rosnelt. I n e ruplure totale des relations entre Ankara et Erbil sonnerail le glas de la viabili té d'un Ltat kurde. Une situa uba qui place le président ture au centre dujeu.D T.O.(AERQIL)
Massoud Barzani se dit « prèt à négocier sérieusement avec Bagdad mais après
le 25 septembre » les conditions d'un «Kurdexit»
Pag. 5
Iran nuclear deal is best option, says Israeli general
Anshel Pfeffer Jerusalem
Israel's former nuclear chief has expressed supporr for the nuclear deal vvith Iran and critieised the attempts of Presidenti rumpand Binyamin Netan-yahu. Israel's prime minister, to try to lear L I j i the agreement.
Uzi Eilam, 83. a retired brigadier-general vvlio for a decade was director-general of the Israel Atomic Energy Commission. said that while he had no doubt that Iran wanted lo develop nuclear weapons the agreement signed in July was the he^t of options".
Mr Eilam, who was also chief sdentisi of the defence ministry. has been an outspokcn critic of the Nctanvahu governmenfs policy on Iran and its campitigli against the nuclear deal championed by President Ottanta
"The most criticai element is fissile material. VVhen vati don't have fissile
material you doni have a nuclear homh." he told the Israeli news website Walla. "The agreement blocks Iran's patii to fìssile material." While he acknowledged that Iran "continua to work on long-range missiles and may
be continuing [nucleari research in hicling". he said that the agreement worked in Israel's favour as it afforded the country "a criticai 15-year timeout".
Mr Netanyahu's office relused to re-spond. referring instead to his speech at the UN general assembly last week in which he said. regarding the Iran deal: "Change it, orcancel i l . Fix it, or nix it."
Mr Trump described the deal in his address last Tuesday as "onc of the worst and most one-sided transactions theUnìted Sta tes ha s ever entered in to".
Next month the Trump administra-tion is expected to complete its review of the deal and may decide not to ex-tend thesanctions relief for Iran, which isa centrai Component to t he deal. Such
a step would be in defiance of the agree-ment's othersignatories. Britain. Russia. China. Irance and Germany. and the International Atomic Energy Agency. which has certitied that Iran has so far conformed with its conditions.
The Iran deal does not cover non-nuclearvveapon.sdevelopment.On Sat-urday it carried out a test launch of a ballistic missile estimated to have a 2.000km (1.240-mile) rango. Mr Trump tweeted: "Iran just test fired a ballistic missilecapableof reaching Israel.They arealso working with North Korea. Not mudi of an agreement we bave!'
Uzi Eilam, former nuclear chief, is an outspoken critic of Binyamln Netanyahu's policy
Pag. 3
Rivai forces mass as Kurds vote in independence poli
Richard Spencer Kirkuk
Kurdish Peshmerga forces and rivai Shia milit ias sent reinforcements tu the fl i ishpoint Iraqi city o f K i rkuk on the ève of an independence referèndum today.as leadersofboth sideswarnedof "calamitous" violence.
Videos posteci onl ine showed a Peshmerga convoy heacling into the city, pari of the oi l -r ich. Kurdish-control ied disputed terri tories" whose poli has
dismayed both Baghdad and many of the area's non-Kurdish ethnic and scc-tarian minorit ies.
A senior Kurdish leader told The Times that troops had been sent with the approvai of Baghdad to ensure securìty. Members of Kirkuk's Turk-mun Shia minor i ly conf i rmed that Shia mil i l ias f rom the so-called Popular Mobi i isat ion Forces (PMF) had also been reinforced in the city and that their Iran-backed leader had paid a "confidence-bui lding* vi sii.
An imar Kahya. a senior Turkmen polit ician in Ki rkuk. said that the mi l i -t ia leader. Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, had sent a private letter to the Kurdish leader. Masoucl Balzani, w i th an offer of compromise. The letter said that the militias would acceptan independence referendum as long as Ki rkuk and the dispUted territories were left out.
Òtherwise. the milit ias said they would go to war. "I don't want to see
Peshmerga gett ing kil led," M r Kahya saiti. However, he pointed out Ihal the mil i l ias. and the regular lrai| i army whieh might also he ordered to the disputed territories. were battle-hardened from the fighi lo evict islamic State f rom Mosul.
"They carne OLit of Mosul crazy." he said. " I f they come to Kirkuk. they wi l l fighi l ike Isis Ibughl."
M r Barzani heads the KDP. the big-gest party in Iraq's Kurdistan Autono-mous Kegion. which has drummed up huge support for the referendum at ral-lies where hundreds of thousands of people llew the red. white and green Kurdish flag.
K D P leaders believe the end of t h e war against Isis offers a unique oppor-tunity to establish the Kurds' long-sought dream of an independent state. There are about six mi l l ion Kurds in the KAR and the disputed territories.
However. there are another 10 mi l l ion Kurds l iv ing in Turfcey, Iran and Syria. who bave been encouraged by the KAR's example. Iran has threaten-ed a blockade of the KAR if the referendum goes ahead. and yeslerday began war games on the border.
Turkey yesterday launched bombing raids against bases maintained in the mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan by the PKK. the Kurdish guerri l la group that is fìghting Ankara fior autonomy.
The US and Britain bave been t ry ing
to broker a compromise under which the referendum would be delayed pending negotiations w i th Baghdad. The two western powers, both long-standing Kurdish allies, the United Nations and even Turfcey would then back the Kurdish case in the talks.
The KAR's second largest party, the PUK. on Saturday announced it sup-ported this compromise. "We believe that this alternative proposai by the US is the best hope for Kurdistan at this l ime." Bafel Talabani, the son of the longstanding. now seriouslv ili leader of the PUK.Jalal Talabani. told The Times in an interview. "We are ali t ry ing to avoid a potenl ial calamity."
However, he also said that the PUK would not stop the referendum going ahead in areas it cont ro l ied
An artist gets a tempie decoral ion ready for the Hindu festival of Durga Puja celebrateti widelv in Calcutta
Pag. 1
Russian general killed by Isis in Syria Tom Parfitt Moscow
Russia confìrmed last night that one of its generals had been killed in an Islamic State mortai - strike — its most senior officer to die in Syria.
Lieutenaut-Ceneral Valéry Asapov was fatally injured during an operalion to take control of Dei r ez-Zor in the east of the country, the delence ministry said.
He spent severa! months in 2015 and last year fìghting in support of pro-Moscow separatists in rebel-controlled eastern Ukraine, according to Ukraini-an military intelligence. The Kremlin denies that any serving Russian sol-diers bave taken part in the Donbas conflicl despite numerous reports to the contrary. President Putin gave Asapov. then a colonel, the "Por Merit to the Fatherland" state award in 2013.
The lieutenarit-general was killed "as the result of a sudden mortai - shelling by Isis fìghlers". the delence minislrv said. adding that he was in charge of
Russian military advisers assistingthe Syrian army in the battle for control of Deir ez-Zor. His death was announced a few days after Russia claimed thal the city was on the brink of being seized.
Earlier yesterday Govorit Moskva radio station reporteci that Asapov and two Russian colonels had died in the attack in Svria on Saturday. An armv source told the Russian station that it had been a targeted strike on a cornatane! post, and there was a suspicion of betrayal by an informer. The defence minislrv did noi menlion otherdeaths.
About 35 Russian servicemen bave been confirmed killed in Syria since the beginning of its bombing cainpaign in September 2015 in support of the regime of President Assad.
In December, Ruslan Galitsky. a colonel who had also played a senior role in the Kremlin's military interven-tion in eastern l.'kraine, was killed in artillery fi re in Aleppo.
Another 20 soldiers and dozens of private military conlractors are also thought to bave died. Conflict Intelli
gence Team,a Russian group that mon-itors the war. reporteci on Friday that Kurban Kasumov, 31. a caplain in GRU military intelligence, had been killed in Syria last month.
Russia >ays i l does noi have large numbers of troops in the country hut there are unils supporting the Syrian armv.
Pag. 2
Iraq controversy. Breakaway move
Defiant Kurds pian to make voices hea E R I K A S O L O M O N - BARZAN
When he misses the father he lost in childhood, Ayouh Sadeq walks through a sea of unmarked headstones on a grassy hilltop, tlie final resting place of several hundrcd rematali found in a mass grave on Iraq's dusty southern border and relurned, decades later, to their home in Barzan in nor thern Kurdistan.
Barzan is also the hometown of Masoud Barzani, who helped forni and is president of what is now the autono-mous Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) of Iraq. He is rallying the region to vote '"ycs" in today's referendum on independence, despite massive intema-tional pressure to halt the vote.
Mr Sadeq is the third generation of his family to jo in the Kurdish guerrillas known as peshmerga, or "those who face death". His grandfather was cap-tured by Iraqi forces before he was born, never to be seen again. In 1983, as a young teenager, he was forced to flee as lraqi forces rounded up 8,000 men and boys, including his father, and kiUed them. Most stili lie in unknowngraves.
"We suffered so much for th is moment. The most bitter of my suffer-ings was never to experience my father or grandfather's love," he says, as others walk by lo visit thegraves.
"1 never ex pei ted ibis would happen in our luture - thal lliesitualion would be lille this. Ilive with 100 per cent hopethat now I may live to see our independence."
The referendum's most likely out-come is a "yes" for independence, although even on the final day before the vote there was stili a queslion over whether i t would go ahead. Some lcad ers of the setolici biggesl pa rty, t he Patri-otic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), say a UN-US offer to mediate negotiations witli Iraq s in mici be accepted instead.
KRG leaders insist the result wi l l not trigger secession without any negotia-tion wi th Baghdad. Bui nearly ali the region's allies are stili againsl it talling place. The US, which Imposed die no-fly zone againsl Saddam Hussein in the 1990s that allowed the Kurds todevelop
their autonomy, has joined Baghdad's opposition, saying the vote could stoke instability just asthe region looksclose todefeatinglsis.
Conflict with Baghdad over disputed, oil-rich, and ethnically-mixed territo-ries along the KRG border is a key risk. Iran and Turkey, fearing the poli wi l l
embolden ihe i rown Kurdish popula-lions, bave threalened border closures and sanclions againsl the landlocked KRG, and could shut down the oil pipeline which provides 90 per cent of KRG revenues. As if to underline the risk, locai media reported that Iran launched artillcry at lraqi Kurdistanyesterday.
"Our sympatliy for the Kurdish peo pie is not the sanie thing as support for independence," one westem diplomat said. "Their view of reality is mistaken. This move will cosi ihem."
Some 35m Kurds live in Iraq, Iran. Syria and Turkey, after being denied a stale in the regional carve-up afler the
first world war. Under Saddam Hussein, Iraqi forces killed tens of thousands of Kurds in the genocidal "Anfal" cam-paign between 1986-89. A sarin gas attack killed up to 5,000 Kurds in the cityofHalabja in 1988.
Critics say Mr Barzani exploits the emotional appeal of statehood. "Kurds bave becn fighting to be a nation for so long it has become like a psychological complex for the Kurds, I drink because of how tliey bave fared ali these years of being stateless," says Kamal Chomani, of the Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy.
Mr Barzani's critics also say the poli is a cynical move to cement his ru l ing Kurdistan Democratic party's (KDP) power over a future state — while today, it strugglcs to pay salaries and the pov-erty rate has doublcd since 2014.
Yet historical grievances are so deep and frustralion with the international rejeclion of independence so strong that even critics say they cannot deny the emotional pulì of voting "yes".
"To think you can force yourselves on the world, it's a mistake. We don't want to start out as a failed state . . . Stili, I
will vote'yes'," said Ali Nuri, a professor at the Cihan University in Erbi l , who says he is offended by western waniings that aid could be cut. "They are noi true to their democratic principles. I t seenis unjust not to support this."
Locai politicians say they are pre-pared for the repercussions of the vote. Hoshyar Zebari, a KDP officiai and formerministerin Baghdad, anticipate? Turkish economie sanctions and insta-bility in disputed areas, but says the referendum will go forvvard.
"We can survive. We survivcd Anfal. Wesurvived I lalabja. We survivcd many annihilalion campaigns and we are stili standing," he said. "Wehave to be stead-fast and send our message to the world and.really.tobearsomesuffering."
Many diplomati and politicians pri-vately suggest younger generations -who bave only known de facto independence under KRG mie — will quickly queslion the valueof forma] statehood if the cost proves high.
Azhan Jawhar, a 25-year-old university s tudcnl , says she hardens her r c s o l v e rei ali mg the stories ol her fam
ily's suffering. " I grew up hearing these stories," she says. " I don't remember it, but I know ali about it."
Asked if the t iming was right given international pressure, she laughed: "No. But we waited forthis for too long, and so this isour moment."
Question mark hangs over
whether referendum will
he allowed to go ahead
Reminderof the Kurds' struggle: unmarked graves atop a h i l l in northern Kurdistan
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 3
Pag. 4
North Africa. Women's rights
Tunisian activists worry marriage reform is ploy to win votes
H E B A S A L E H - C A I R O
Azza Baaziz used to be af raìd every time she stepped out of the car at night with her Frcnch husband in Tunisia, her home country, The leacher feared that police would arresi the couple or treat "me like a criminal" because marriages between Muslim women and non Mus-1 ìni incn wcre noi rccognised in the north African state, she says.
But those concerns evaporated last week when Presìdent Bejì Caid Sebsi broke a centuries-old taboo in the Muslim world by scrapping administrative mles that prevented recognition of such marriages. "Now I bave the righi Lo be married to whomever I wanl and I ani proLected by the law," says Ms Baaziz, who wed her husband in France Iwo yearsago.
Mr Sebsi's move has been hailed as a laiiduiark far women's rights in the Middle Fast. But evcn as women's groups welcome the measure, some say they also sense the presidcnt's decision is pari of a largcr politicai game as he eyes locai electionsscheduled for March.
The move could help secure his Nidaa Tunis party voles boni women who fear I 11111•• i politicians could try to roti back rcforms. Their support helped him win presidential elections three years ago.
But some activists also view the timing of the reform as an attempt to dis-tract attention from a law that would offer an amncsty Lo former officials linked lo conuplion under previous regimes. Il passed ihrough parliament just hours bcfore the rules affecling
marriage were cancelled. CriLics say it is a selback lo democracy
and will reward powerful people who backed Nidaa Tunis.
"The measure [on marriagel is a definite gain for Tunisian women but because of ihe timing it comes with a whiffof exploiLation," says Ahlcm Belli adj. a member of the executive commJt-tec ol the Tunisian Association of Dem-ocratic Women. "It is also elcar that in preparation for locai elections there is a desirc to undeiiine ihe conlrast with IslamisLson women's issues."
Tunisia is theonly country that made a successful tra usi ti on to democracy after a wave of uprisings against dicta-torships swept across the Ai'ab world in 2011. The country is secn as more progressive than its neighbours; it has long banned polygamy and abolished a man's righi todivorce his wiie verbally.
Nidaa Tunis, wliich is secular, governs in a coalition with Nahda, an Islamist party that was persecuted under the dic-tatorZein aJ-AbidineBen Ali butstaged a comeback afler he was ousled in 2011.
Monica Marks, an analyst who focuses on Tunisia, says there is a his-tory of women's issues being used as "a politicai football" in the country, with regimes offcring a modernist face to the world to mask authoritarian ride. She poinLsout Uiat during theruleof Mr Ben Ali the government's trumpeted women's rights but "Islamist women were lortured, exiled and raped". "The world didn't want to look because the narrative of 'this progressive little country' was Loo appealing," she said.
Some Tunisians bclicvc the 90 year old presiclenl views himself asacnlighl-ened moderniser in the tradition of Habib Bourguiba, the country's first post-ìndependence leader, an authoritarian who clashed with Islamists and liberal ised family laws.
Mr Sebsi also wants to do away with lslamic inheritance rules thalgive a son twice the share of a daughter — a highly sensitive issue in the Muslim world. That proposai is under study by a com-mittee that should report in six months.
Many clerics nave lambasted his pro-posals as violations of lslamic precepts. Denuncialion also carne from officials at Al-Azhar, the Egyptian religious ìnstitu-tion thal provides guidancc to Sunni Muslimsaround the world.
In Tunisia, scholars are divided with some voicing support and others oppo sitiou. Nahda has offered no officiai rcaction to the presidente ideas. But Mehrczia Labidi, the most senior woman in the Islamist party, said that after spending 30 years living with the Tunisian community in France, she believes recognising the marriages of women to non-Musi ini men respondsto a real social need. "There is a reality to which we catinot dose our eyes which is that many of our daughlers are married to non-Muslims," she says. "What I also notìce is that there is no unanimity between lslamic scholars on prohibiting thistypeof marriage."
Bui she dici voice reservations about changing inheritance rules that are spclt out in the Koran, arguing thal they are "built on values and a vision of relations
between family . . . that goes beyond just the brothersand sisters".
But for Ms Belhadj, the feminist, it is ali good progress. "Even if there is exploitation of women's issues, it is stili an admission of the power of women to inlluence elections and of their presence in society and their defenec of their rights," she says.
Critics accuse president of
politicai games over elections
and corruption amnesty law
Pag. 2
Turkey Warns Iraqi Kurds to Cancel Vote By DAVID ZUCCH1N0
ERBIL, Iraq — Kurds seeking independence Irom Iraq carne under intense pressure on Saturday from Iheir powerful neiyhbor, Turkey, which demanded that Iraqi Kurdistan cancel ;m independence vote scheduled for Monday.
Turkey, the mairi link to the out-side world for the autonomous Kurdish enclave in northern Iraq, threatened economie and diplomale rctaliation if Kurds carried out a referendum that the Turkish government called a "terrible mis-take."
Turkey's Parliament voted late Saturday to renew for one year a mandate to authorize military in-tervention in Iraq or Syria if Turkey determines that develop-ments there threalen national se-curity. Turkey, a NATO member, is conducting tank exercises on its border with Iraqi Kurdistan.
Turkey's prime minister. Binali Yildirim, asked by reporters in Ankara, the capital, whether a cross-border incursion was possi-ble, replied that security opera-tions were "a question of timing" based on "developing conditions."
Iraq's Kurds refused to back down. The Kurdish region's presi-dent, Massoud Barzani, said the independence vote would proceed as scheduled despite threats from Turkey as well as Iran.
"It's too late to talk about delay-ing the referendum," Mr. Barzani said in a statement released by his office in Erbil on Saturday.
"It's not my decision arrymore, he added. "It's a decision for the people."
In a defiant speech on Friday evening to 10,000 Kurds in Erbil chanting "Bye-bye Iraq," Mr. Barzani said of Turkey and tran: "You have punished us for one hundred years. Are you not tired yet?"
Both Turkey and Iran fear that an independence move by Iraqi
Kurds couJd sei off unresl among their own Kurdish minorities.
Baghdad considers the vote illegai and unconstitutional, and Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi of Iraq has said his government is prepared to use military force if the referendum provokes vio-lence. A delegation of Kurdish leaders traveled to Baghdad on Saturday to discuss the referendum with Iraqi officials.
Ali al-Alaq, a member of Iraq's Parliament who has led talks with the Kurds, said in an interview that the discussions would continue over the weekend. But he said negotiations would end if the vote were conducted on Monday.
Kurdish officials said voting had already begun Saturday among Iraqi Kurdish expatriates in Germany. Denniark, Brilain and Switzerland. Some waved rhe Kurdistan flag.
The United States and most of the International community have opposed the referendum, saying it could unleash et l ink confikl, break up Iraq and undermine the American-led campaign against Islamic State militants.
Iran, the Kurdish region's east-eni neighbor, has threatened border closures. prompting some Kurds to stockpile food and sup-plies.
Kurdish officials in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan^ capital, said they were continuing to talk on Saturday with American officials. The Kurdistan Regional Government has said it would scrap the referendum only if the United States pro-vided an ironclacl guarantee of a path to independence within a specified time.
The United States has urged Kurds to cancel the vote and begin negotiations with Baghdad, facilitateci by Washington. Kurdish leaders say they want a public mandate from the Kurdish people before negotiating independence.
After the Americans estab-lished a no-fly zone in 1991 that protected Kurdish areas from at-tacks by Saddam Hussein's troops, the Kurds have carved out
an autonomous region with its own government, parliament and military. Kurdish fighters known as the pesh merga have played a centrai role, alongside Iraqi troops, in operations against the Islamic State.
The referendum would not lead directly to independence, but a strong "yes" vote would strength-en the Kurdish position in any negotiations with Baghdad. Rozh Nouri Shaways, leader of the Kurdish delegation in Baghdad, told reporters that Kurdistan was willing to negotiate with Iraq before and after the referendum.
Baghdad and Iraqi Kurdistan are locked in a longstanding dispute over contested areas, includ-ing oil-rich Kirkuk, seized by Kurdish fighters in 2014. Baghdad fears that the independence vote, which includes citizens of the contested areas, would strengthen Kurdish claims to those territo-ries.
The ballot asks voters whether they want Kurdistan and the contested areas to become an inde-pendent state.
Kirkuk's provincial governor, Najmaldin Karim, a Kurd, urged residents on Saturday to prepare to vote on Monday. "Ali the prepa-rations have been madc," Mr. Karim told the Kurdish news agency Rudaw. He called the vote "liis-torical."
On Saturday mornmg, the po-lice controlied by the Baghdad government withdrew from their posts in the city of Kirkuk and sur-rounding areas, according to locai officials. They said that the police and government-paid school ad-ministrators had been directed by
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 4
Kamil Kakal cantribuled repurl ing from Erbil, and Falih Hassan from Baghdad.
Baghdad not to assist with the referendum. Much of the voting is scheduled to take place at schools.
Kurdish officials said security officers from the Kurdistan Re-gional Government took over re-sponsibility Saturday for security in the area.
S E D A T S C N A / E U R O P E A N PRESSPHOTO A C E N C Y
Turkish lanks near the Iraqi border on Saturday, two days before a Kurdish referendum calling for independence from Iraq.
Pag. 5
How to Win a War on Drugs LISBON
ON a broken-down set of steps, a 37-year-old l'isherman named Mario mixed heroiii and cocaine and carefully prepared a hypodermic
needle. "ll's hard lo linci a vein," he said, bui he finally found onc in his forcami and in-jected himself with the brown liquid. Blood
trickled from his arm and pooled on the slep, but he was oblivious.
"Are you O.K.?" Rita Lopes, a psychologist working for an outreach program called Crescer, asked liim. "You're not taking too mach?" Lopes monitora Portuguese heroin users like Mario, gently encourages rhem to
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 6
try to quit and gives them clean hypoder-mics to prevent the spread of AIDS.
Decades ago, the United States and Portu-gal both struggled with illicit drugs and took decisive action — in diamelrically opposite directions. The U.S. cracked down vig-orously, spendingbillionsof dollars incarcer-ating drug users. In contrast, Portugal un-dertook a monumentai experiment: It de-criminalized the use of ali drugs in 2001, even heroin and cocaine, and unlenshed a major public health campaign to tackle addiction. Ever since in Portugal, drug addiction has been treated more as a medicai challenge than as a criminal juslice issue.
After more than 15 years, it's clear which approach worked better. The United States drug policy failed spectacularly, with about as many Americans dying last year of over-doses — around 64,000 — as were killed in the Vietnam, Afghanistan and Iraq Wars combined.
In contrast, Portugal may be winning the
Continued an Page 2 From Page 1
war on drugs — by ending it. Today, the Health Ministry estimates that only about 25,000 Portuguese use heroin, down from 100,000 when the policy be-gan.
The number of Portuguese dying from overdoses plungcd more than 85 percent before rising a bit in the aftermath of the European economie crisis of recent years. Even so, Portugal's drug mortality rate is the lowest in Western Europe — one-tenth the rate of Britain or Denmark — and about one-fiftieth the latest number for the U.S.
I carne to Portugal to talk with drug dealers, nsers and public health experts because this nation has become a model for a drug policy that is not only compassionate but also effective.
It's not a miracle or perfect solution. But if the U.S. could achieve Portugal's death rate from drugs, we would save one Life every 10 minutes. We would save almost as many lives as are now lost to guns and car accidents combined.
This issue is personal to me, because my honietown in rural Oregon has been devastated by methamphetamines and, more recenlly, by opioids. Classmates bave died or had their lives destroyed; my seventh-grade crash is now homeless because of her addictions.
Many people are also coming to Portugal to explore what a smarter, health-driven approach might look like. Delega-tions from around the world are flying to Lisbon to study what is now referred to
as the "Portuguese model." "This is the best thing to happen to this
country." Mario Oliveira, 53, a former typesetter vvho became hooked on heroin 30 years ago, told me as he sipped from a paper cup of methadone supplied by a mobile van. The vans, a cruciai link in Portugal's public health efforts, emise Lisbon's streets every day of the year and supply users with free methadone, an opioid substitute, to stabilize their lives and enable Ihem lo liold jobs.
Methadone and other drug treatment programs also exist in the U.S., but are often expensive or difficult to access.The result is that only 10 percent of Americans struggling with addiction get treatment; in Portugal, treatment is standard.
"If I couldn't come bere, I don't know if I'd stili be alive," Oliveira told me. He said that he used to steal to support his habit but is now gerring his lite under control. Two weeks ago, he began reducing his dose of methadone, and he hopes to wean himself off opioids completely.
Yet Portugal's approach is no magic wand.
•Tm homeless and jobless and ad-dicted again," Miguel Fonseca, a 39-year-old electrical mechanic, said as he held a lighter under a sheet of fin foil to lurn a pinch of heroin powder into fumea that he smoked to get high. He spends about $100 a day on his habit, and in the past sometimes has turned to theft to support it.
Less than 100 feet away, Mario, the fisherman I began this story with, was injecting himself with heroin and cocaine, and showing little interest in Lopes's health outreach. He assured her that he wasn't overdosing, and he scoffed at the idea ol" methadone as an alternative to heroin.
Mario told me that he had started with heroin at age 14 (another man I met had started at age 11), and used it during the
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 7
two years he worked as a fisherman in Massachusetts. "Portuguese heroin isn't as high quality as American heroin," he complained. He then reaclied for a pipe and Degan to smoke cocaine.
Public health workers like Lopes may never be able to get Mario to give up drugs, but she can help keep him alive. Seeing Mario, his blood spattered 011 the stepsfrom his Constant injections, totter-ing off to get more drugs, it was clear that the Portuguese model isn't as effective as we might hope — but it occurred to me that in America, Mario might well be dead.
Portugal switched to its health focus under the leadership of a socialist prime minister named Antonio Guterres — and if the name sounds familiar, it's because he's now the United Nations secretary general. The new approach was a gam-ble. "We were facing a devastating situa-tion, so we had nothing to lose," recalled Joào Castel-Branco Goulào, a public health expert and the architect of the pol-icy ("our national hero," as one Portuguese cabinet minister told me).
So let's be clear on what Portugal did and riidn't do. First, it didn't change laws on drug trafficking: Dealers stili go to prison. And it didn't quite legalize drug use, but rather macie the purchase or possession of small quantities (up to a 10-day supply) not a crime but an adminis-trative offense. like a traffic ticket.
01 fenders are summoned to a "Dissuasion Commission" hearing — an informai meeting at a conference table with social workers who try to prevent a casual user from becoming addicted.
"How long have you been using?" Nuno Capaz, a sociologist and member of the Dissuasion Commission in Lisbon, asked a 26-year-old factory worker caught with hashish. They chatted, with Capaz trying to figure out if the young man was in danger of taking up riarder drugs. The dissuasion board can fine of-fenders, but that's rare. Mostly the strat-egy is to intervene with counseling or other assistance before an offender be-comes addicted.
"My main concern is the health of the person," Capaz explained afterward. "Our approach is much closer to that of a medicai doctor than to a court of lnw."
The public health approach arises from an increasingly common view worldwide that addiction is a chronic dis-ease, perhaps comparable lo diabetes, and thus requires medicai caie rather than punishment. After ali, we don't just teli diabetics, Get over it.
My scuse from obscrving the hearings
and talking to users is that the Dissuasion Commission isn't terribly effective at dissuading. How successful could a 15-minute session be? Then again, criminal sanctions also seem ineffective at dis-couraging drug use: When scholars look at the impact of crackdowns, they find tliere's typically little impact.
I N the first year or so of decriminal-ization in Portugal, there did seem to be the increase in drug use that crit-ics had predicted. But although the
Portuguese model is often described simply as decriminalization, perhaps the more important part is a public health initiative to treat addiction and discour-age narcotics use. My take is that decriminalization on its own might have led to a modest increase in the use of hard drugs, but that this was swamped by public health efforts that led to an overall decline.
Portugal introduced targeted messag-ing to particular groups — prostitutes, Ukrainians, high school dropouts, and so on. The Health Ministry dispatched workers iato the most drug-infested neighborhoods to pass out needles and urge users to try methadone. At big con-certs or similar gatherings, the Health Ministry sometimes authorizes the test-ing of users' drugs to advise them if they are safe, and then the return of the stash. Decriminalization makes ali this easier, because people no longer fear arrest.
So how effective are the methadone vans and prevention campaigns? I thought l'd ask some real experts: drug dealers.
"There are fewer customers now," complained one heroin dealer in the gritty Limitar neighborhood. Another, Joaquim Farinha, 55, was skcptical that methadone was costing him much business. "Business is siili prelty good," he said, interrupting the interview to make
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 8
a sale to a middle-aged woman. (Porlugal's drug market is relalively
nonviolent and relaxed partly because of another faeton Handguns are tiglitly controlied.)
On balance, the evidence is that drug use stabilized or declined since Portugal
changed approaches, particnlaiiy for heroin. In polis, the proportion of 15- to 24-year-olds who say that they have used illicit drugs in the last monili dropped by almost half since decriminalization.
Decriminalization also made it easier to fight infectious diseases and treat overdoses. In the U.S., people are some-times reluctant to cali 911 after a friend overdoses for fear of an arrest ; that's not a risk in Portugal. In 1999, Portugal had the highest rate of drug-related AIDS in the European Union; since then, H.I.V. diagnoses attributed to injections have fallen by more than 90 percent and Portugal is no longer at the high end in Europe.
One cruciai nhstake that Portugal did not make was to follow the United States in adopting prescription opioid painkillers for routine use. Adalberto Campos Fernandes, the health minister, said that Portuguese doctors resisted overprescribing and that regulators also stood in the way.
Another faetor that has benefited Portugal : The economy has grown and there is a robust social fabric and safety net, so fewer people self-medicate with drugs. Anne Case and Angus Deaton of Princeton University have chronicled the rise of "deaths of despair" and argue that opioid use in America in pari reflects a long-term decline in well-paying jobs for those with a high school education or less.
Portugal initially was scolded around the world for its experiment, as a weak link in the war on drugs, but today ìt's hailed as a model. The World Health Or-
ganization and American Public Health Associatimi have both praised decriminalization and a public health focus, as has the Global Commission on Drug Pol-icy.
One attraction of the Portuguese approach is that it's incomparably cheaper to treat people than to jail them. The
Health Ministry spends less than 810 per citizen per year on its successful drug policy. Meanwhile, the U.S. has spent some $10,000 per household (more than $1 trillion) over the decades on a failed drug policy that results in more than 1,000 deaths each week.
I've been apprehensive of decriminal-izing hard drugs for fear of increasing addiction. Portugal changed my mind, and its policy seems fundamenfally lui-mane and lifesaving. Yet let's also be re-alistic about what is possible: Portugal's approach works better than America's, but nothing succeeds as well as we might hope.
The hilly Casal Ventoso neighborhood of Lisbon was ground zero for heroin in Lisbon 15 years ago, "a wall of death," re-membered Paulo Brito, 55, who has been using heroin since he was 15.
Brito weaned himself off drugs with the help of health workers and remained "clean" for 10 years — but relapsed a year ago, and I mct him in today's Casal Ventoso. There are fewer overdoses now, but it is stili liltered with hypudermic pack-ages and other detritus of narcotics, as well as a pali of sadness.
"I've hit rock bottoni," Brito told me despairingly. 'T'm losing the person I most love in the world."
His giiifriend, Teresa, is begging him to give up heroin. He wants to choose her; he fervently wants to quit. But he doesn't know if he can, and he teared up as he said, "It's like entering a boxing ring and facing Mike Tyson."
Yet for ali his suffering, Brito lives, because he's Portuguese. The lesson that Portugal offers the world is that while we can't eradicate heroin, it's possible to save the lives of drug users — if we're willing to treat them not as criminals but as sick, suffering human beings who need helping hands, not handcuffs.
Miguel Fonseca smoking cocaine in Lisbon, where possession of small
amounts of drugs is a minor offense.
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 9
Decriminalization has liei peci
reduce but basii t ended
drug abuse in Portugal. Vans
supply methadone to
recovering addicts, and
ou l reach workers
circuiate among users,
encouraging them to quii or
al least minimize risks.
Portugal's Public Health Achievements DRUC-RELATED DEATHS
Lowest rate in Western Europe. Deaths per million people ages 15 to 64.
Portugal
France 7
Italy a
Belgium 9
Spain 15
Netherlands 16
Germany 22
Austria 2 6
Luxembourg 3 1
Finland 43
Denmark 58
Britain 6 0
1 reland 7 1
Norway 76
Sweden 100
United States 312
DRUC-RELATED H.I.V. INFECTIONS
Percentage of Portugal H.I.V. cases associated with drug addict ion.
50%
4<;v<;
30%
20%
10% 5%
2000 '05 '10 1 '15
2015 data except: U.S. (2016): Belgium. Britain, Denmar*. Ireland, Norway. Poiane. Spain (2014); France (2013)
Sources: Eurcpean Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addict on; Portugal Minister of Health THE NEWYORK TIMES
'Our approach is much closer to that ofa medicai doctor than to a court oflaw.'
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 10
f i - i Ti» \F'1I- I l i IV. MI |. M"[iWli.HI-M •[•' Tilt-, NtW itiHK TIMES
Pag. 11
| EDITORIA! .
Mr. Trump Squanders the World s Trust At a cruciai moment, Donald Trump is forcing the wotid to confront core questions it really shouldn't nave to ask: Can he be trusted? And, more saliently, can America be trusted? His threats to jettison the Iran nuclear deal are undermining America's credibility as a negotiating partner and weak-ening America's ability io lead the free world as i l has for 70 years.
In his rush to bulldoze President Obama's accomplish-ments, Mr. Trump has withdrawn from the 12-narion Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement, leaving China with a freer hand to set trade rules in Asia; abandoned the hard-won 195-nation Paris Agreement to address climate change; and sowed gravo doubts about his commitment to NATO, the bedrock alliance that has kept peace in Europe after World War I I .
Now, Mr. Trump is threatening to torpedo the 2015 nuclear deal, which imposed strict limits on Iran's nuclear program in return for a lifting of international sanctions. He has hinted that next month he will not certify that Iran is com-
plying with its commitments, even though the head of America's Strategie Command just said that it was. The certificai ion is required every 90 days; a failure to provide it could lead to the re-imposition of American sanctions and cause the agreement to unravel.
Perhaps the most immediate con-sequence of reneging on the Iran deal is that it will make it even riarder, if not im-
possible, for the president to negotiate a peaceful resolution of the crisis over North Korea's nuclear weapons program. The North's leader, Kim Jong-un, is erratic and frightening, but why would it help matters to eliminate any confidence Mr. Kim might have in Mr. Trump's word?
Such a reckless choice on the Iran deal would also free
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 1
Iran to resumé unfettered nuclear activities and constitute a slap in the face to major powers — Britain, France, Ger-many, Russia and China — that worked with the United States and Iran for two years to negotiate and implement the deal. Those nations are now feverishly trying to persuade Mr. Trump to stick with America's commitment.
It would be one thing if Iran had violated the agreement, but the International Atomic Energy Agency, which monitors the nuclear program 24/7, has repeatedly con-firmed Iran's compliance. Mr. Trump didn't even bother to try to make a case against Iran when he laslied out at it dur-ing a speech at the United Nations General Assembly last week.
One unanswered question is whether the United States would be violating international law if it reimposed sanctions on Iran without cause or otherwise undermined the agreement. In the United States, most legally binding international agreements take the forni of treaties, which require approvai by two-thirds of the Senate, and executive agreements, which are entered into by the executive branch and don't require Senate action. The Iran deal is a politicai commitment that is not legally binding, though some experts be-lieve that the United States has an obligation to comply since the deal was codified in a United Nations Security Council resolution.
While Mr. Trump's Republican and Democratic prede-cessors often pursued significantly different domestic poli-cies, on the whole their foreign policies did not radically diverge from administration to administration. And for good reason: America and its leaders, whatever their failings, have largely taken their international responsibilities seri-ously and found value ajid security in adhering to laws, legai obligations and politicai commitments that reassure allies, constrain enemies, advance slability and promote democra-cy and human rights. If he shrugs off previous commitments without clear cause, Mr. Trump may find that world leaders will start to wonder if liis successors will treat Ms deals as indifferently as he is treating his predecessors'.
The issue is not that presidents don't sometimes renege on predecessors' agreements. In 2002, President W. Bush abandoned the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. While that was an unwise move that stoked Russi an suspicions about
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 2
the West, Mr. Bush was not acting capriciously. He relied upon the treaty's agreed-upon withdrawal clause and had a strategy for improving relations with Russia going forward.
President Ronald Reagan called the SALT II arms control treaty "fatally flawed," yet he found a way to live with it as pan of a strategy that used an arms buiklup to pressure the Soviets.
A bellicose stance toward Iran is just one part of the in-coherent and inconsistent foreign policy that Mr. Trump de-scribed to the United Nations General Assembly. He elevat-ed "sovereignty" as his guiding principle for international relations and used it as a rationale for threatening Iran, North Korea and Venezuela, then gave kid giove treatment to Russia — which has not only seized territory from Ukraine but has also sought to undermine America's own sovereignty — and China, which has expanded its territorial claims in the South China Sea.
Given the standard that Mr. Trump is setting for foreign policy reversals, his own decisions could eventually be over-turned by his successor. But the damage ro America's standing as a trusted, reliable partner won't be so easily repaired.
Pag. 3
The US. Likes the World Map the Way It Is
ON Jan. 8,1918, less than a year after the Uniteci States entered World War I , President Wood-row Wilson gave a speech presenting a vision of a radically new international system that he be-
lieved would prevenl the outbreak of another war. Wilson called for an "impartial adjustment of ali colonia] claims" and a redrawing of borders ' ;along clearly recognizable lines of nationality."
Thongh the actual postwar settlement fell far short of Wilson's vision, the idea that national borders should ne based on ethnic self-determination had a more wide-rang-ing impact than he intended. His speech caused a sensa-tion from India to Egypt to China and far beyond.
In the coming weeks, (wo would-be nations wil l decide whether to pursue self-determination in accord-ance vvith Wilsonian principles. On Sept. 25, Iraqi Kurdistan wil l vote on independence from Iraq. On Oct. 1, Catalonia wi l l vote on independence troni Spaiti. In both cases, the countries poten-tially being seceded from oppose even asking the question. And in both cases, the would-be countries are likely to face the opposition of the international community, includine America.
This isn't surprising. Since Wilson's time, the United States, a country founded as a breakaway colony, has generally been reluctant to see changes to the world map. This tendency resulted in formai American neutrality during the wars of independence in Biafra from 1967 to 1970 and in Bangladesh in 1971. Despite public pressure to support the rebels, Washington refused to aban-don two Gold War allies, Nigeria and Pakistan.
In 1991, President George H. W. Bush opposed the breakup of the Soviet Union, warning Ukraini-ans that "freerìom is not the sanie as independ-ence" and "Americans wil l not support tliose who seek independence in order to replace a far-ofl tyr-anny with a locai despotism." The sanie year, after Croatia held an independence referendum, the State Department made clear that the United States was conimitted to the "territorial integrity of Yugoslavia within its present borders" — thongh that did lirtle to prevent the country's dis-integration.
During the first war in Chechnya in 1996, President Bill Clinton dubiously conipared President Boris Yeltsin of Russia with Abraham Lincoln, who he said gave his life for the proposition "that no state had a right to withdraw
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 12
from our union." Before Scotland's referendum on independence in 2011, President Barack Obama urged Scot-tish voterà preserve a "strong, robusi and uniteci" Britaiti. President Trump flirted with dropping the "one China" policy and recognizing Bcijing's sovereignty over Taiwan, but he seems to have settled info a similar embraee of the cartographical status quo.
There have been deviations, notably America's support for the independence of Kosovo and Soutli Sudan, but thesehave berome cautinnary tales. Russia used Kosovo as a precedent in recognizing breakaway regions of Georgia, and accused the United States of hypocrisy for not following suit. Soutli Sudan, which has collapsed into civil war and ethnic cleansing, hasn't exactly bolstered the ar-guments of independence movements elsewhere.
America's aversion to border changes is general ly shared by the world's major multilateral institutions. Starting in the 1960s, the United Nations backed the independence of former European colonies, but once they were independent, opposed "any attempt aimed at the partial or total disruption oi the national unily and the ter-ritorial integrity of a country." This principle was adopted even thongh many of the new counlries had borders drawn by the colonists. Even the African Union, an orga-
From Kurdistan to Catalonia,
Washington opposes new countries.
nization founded on the rejection of colonialism. is dedicateci to preservation of some colonial legacies — lan-guage in its charter affirms its members' "respect of borders existing on achievement of independence."
At the United Nations' founding, it had 51 member states. Today there are 193. But the creation of new countries has slowed. In the 21st century, only three new countries have joinecl the U N . : East Timor, Montenegro and South Sudan. (Switzerland finally joined in 2002, but if's bardi v a new country.) Al'ewolher places. includiti^ Kosovo, Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Somaliland, are de facto autononious but are not universally recognized.
There are several reasons for this slowdown. For one, after decades of decolonization and ethnic sorting, there
are fewer movements clamoring for independence. But one major reason is that the world's great powers, includ-ing the United States, oppose changing the map.
Thisemphasis on sovereignty has. of course, oflen been motivateci by power politics and self-interest. But there are also some good reasons to be concerned about nor-malizingsecessionism: Peaceful separations of countries
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 13
are exceedingly rare. More commonly they are cata-slrophic, as in ine slaughter and mass displacement that accompanied the partitions of India and Yugoslavia.
The problem is, as it was in Wilson's day, that people don't live in neatly ordered clusters. However national boundaries are drawn, some are likely to find themselves on the wrong side of theni — and genocide is as likely an
outcome as peaceful coexistence. Stili, few would argue that the current map of
the world is perfect. And anyway, it may be hard to preserve indefinitely.
In 20M, when Russia annexed Crimea. President Vladimir Putin justified the absorption of a largely Russian-speaking region with near-Wilso-nian language of self-determmation. The United States and Europe responded to what Secretary of State John Kerry called "l'Jth century" beliavior with condemnations and sanctions,but they could do little to stop or reverse it. That sanie year, the Islamic State claimed it was bringing about the end of the Sykes-Picot borders drawn in the Middle East after World War I . China, mcanwhile, has been bolstering its territorial claims in the South China Sea with the creation of more than 3,200 acres of new land in the forni of artificial islands. More changes to the map looni: By the end of the century, rising sea levels could render some small island states uninhabitable, raising the question of wliether a country cari continue to exist as a politicai entity if the piece of land it is associated with
no longer does. Our current period of cartographical stasis may be a
brief anomaly. Ratlier than seeking to preserve today's map at ali costs, American efforts might be better spent trying to ensure that these changes happen peacefully. One idea would be to push international institutions to permit more than a one-size-fits-all definition of state-hood, allowing some forni of international rcprescntation for autonomous regions that aren't fully states.
Another would be to reconsider America's reflexive 0 | > position to new bids for statehood. l'm not arguing in favor of independence for Kurdistan, Catatonia or anyplace else. There are very real reasons for skepticism about ali of these independence movements. But that doesn't mean that maintaining the world's current arrangement of countries within theirexisting borders needs to beaguid-ing principle.
Above ali, the preservatoli of existing countries ought to guide our th inking lcss than the well-being of the pcoplc who live within thein.
OPINION
BYJOSHUA KEATING
A staff writer for Slate and tilt aathor off/io tarthenming
"Int-isìble Countries." fnym
iviik-h this essuy is adapted.
Protesters in Pamplona, Spain, displaying Catalonian independence flags ahead of the Oct. 1 referendum.
From Kurdistan to Catalonia,
Washington opposes new countries.
Pag. 14
Voters Boost German Nationalists BY ANTON TROIANOVSKI AND ZEKE TURNER
BERLIN—An antiestablish-ment, nationalist party won a foothold in Germany's parlia-ment Sunday, deliveriiig one of the biggest jolts to the coun-try's politicai establishment in the postwar era and sending its multiparty system into un-charted waters.
Alternative for Germany, or AfD, which wants to limit Eu-ropean integration, cut back on immigration and lessen Germany's focus on Holocaust remembrance, captured around 13% of the vote in an election that saw eroding sup-port for mainstream parties, projections based on early re-sults showed.
That means that for the first time in more than half a century, a party will enter the national legislature that holds views well to the right of the center-right bloc led by German Chancellor Angela Merkel, whose Christian Dem-ocrats won the most votes Sunday.
Parties must win 5% of the vote to seat representatives in the German Bundestag.
Backers reacted with jubila-tion in a Berlin nightclub the party rented out to celebrate the results.
"We are going to chase down Ms. Merkel," Alexander Gauland, who co-led the AfD ticket, said on Sunday night, "and get our coun
try back for the people." The AfD remains a cultural
lightning rod in Germany. Demonstrators gathered out-side the AfD election-night veuue, forcing party organiz-ers to defensively dose off the second-floor balcony. "Xeno-phobia isn't an alternative," read one protesterà banner.
"Don't repeat history!" read another.
AfD's success echoes the rise of nationalist parties else-where in Europe. The German politicai mainstream will now have to decide whether to continue trying to isolate the AfD, ignore it or engagé in hopes of defusing its antiestablishment message.
"We will have to see if German democracy is able to deal with this kind of party," said Gero Neugebauer, a politicai scientist at Berlin's Free University.
Exit polis showed the AfD did particularly well in the former East Germany and among men, blue-collar work-ers, and the unemployed.
Sandra Blumke, a 37-year-old businesswoman in Berlin, said she voted for the AfD be-cause she was fed up with the established parties' handling of the migration crisis.
"New people have to get to power," she said. "We can't bring people into the country when we aren't able to take care of our own."
Alice Weidel, the other co-leader of AfD ticket, said the
party's initial goal in Parlia-ment would be to launch an investigative committee to look into Ms. Merkel and "ali the legai breaches" she alleg-edly committed. AfD politi-cians say Ms. Merkel broke tlie law by allowing refugees from the Middle East and Africa to enter Germany in 2015; the government says the actions were legai.
The party's direct influence on policy will be limited. It would need one-quarter of Bundestag members to sup-port its Merkel investigation before it can be undertaken, and ali other parties have pledged not to work with it.
But the party's rise to the national legislature will give it a new level of prominence. It can expect more frequent invi-tations to appear on national television, and each of its law-makers will receive state fund-ing to hire staff and open locai offices. It is also expected to gain seats in a variety of bod-ies and organizations, from the board of the KfW develop-ment bank to the supervisory council of the German History Museum.
The party describes Germany's Muslim minority as a "great danger," and thinks too much attention is paid to Holocaust remembrance.
"Unfortunately our fears have come true," said Josef Schuster, president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, said. "A party that
tolerates extreme right-wing thoughts and agitates against minorities is now not only in nearly ali state parliaments, but also in the federai parlia-ment."
Founded in 2013 focused on opposing eurozone bailouts, the party made a splash by presenting itself as a group of professorial, button-down conservatives who opposed the Christian Democrats' move to the center under Ms. Merkel.
The AfD scored below 5% in that year's general election, was soon riven by a leadership battle, and looked dose to irrelevance two years later.
—Andrea Thomas and Todd Buell
contributed to this article.
A strong showing by the Alternative for Germany has jolted the country's politics
Pag. 3
Iran Tests a Missile Amid Tensions BY ARESU EQBALI
TEHRAN—Iran said it had tested a new midrange ballis-tic missile, the day after un-veiling it in defiance of U.S. criticism over its disputed nu-clear program.
State television flashed im-ages of the Khoramshahr mis-sile's disengaging warhead, calling it the country's third such missile capable of travel-ing some 1,240 miles. The an-nouncement carne after it and other missiles, tanks and a submarine were displayed in a military parade on Tehran's outskirts marking the anniver-sary of the 1980s Iran-Iraq war.
President Hassan Rouhani on Friday vowed that his country would continue to bol-ster its ballistic-missile program, amid rising tensions with the U.S.
"Whether you like it or not, we will strengthen our defense and military capabilities as deemed necessary for deter-
rence. Not just our missiles but also our land, air and mar-itime capabilities," he said in a speech. "We won't ask any-
body's permission to defend our people."
Mr. Rouhani also addressed a key source of tension with the U.S. and its regional allies, saying Iran would continue to defend "the wronged people of Yemen, Syria and Palestine," indicating it wouldn't scale back its involvement in Middle East conflicts.
The missile test carne days after U.S. President Donald Trump sharply criticized Iran in his address to the United Nations General Assembly, de-nouncing the landmark 2015 nuclear deal reached between Tehran and six world powers including the U.S.
Mr. Trump referred to the missile test in a Twitter mes-sage on Saturday that reiter-ated his criticism that the nuclear agreement doesn't cover issues such as Iran's missile program or support for regional militant groups.
"Iran just test-fired a ballis-tic missile capable of reaching Israel," he wrote in the Twitter message. "They are also working with North Korea. Not much of an agreement we have."
U.S. and international ex-
perts have said there is no evi-dence of nuclear cooperation between the two countries, but that they have cooperated on missile development.
U.S. sanctions introduced this year included legislation targeting the missile program. Iran regards those new sanctions as a violatimi of the deal, which suspended most international sanctions on Tehran in return for curbs to its nuclear program. It doesn't mentici! ballistic missiles.
Pag. 1
Dissenter Warns As Kurds Set Vote
BY ISABEL COLES
AND A L I NABUAN
ERBIL—Kurds are expected to vote on Monday in support of a referendum that could bring them closer to indepen-dence from Iraq, riding a wave of nationalism that has drowned out concerns from the international community.
Inside the semiautonomous region, one man is swimming against the tide.
Braiided a traitor, businessman Shaswar Qadir is the only Kurdish figure to run a cam-paign against the referendum, taking on leaders in the region who have fought for an inde-pendent state since the breakup of the Ottoman Empire in 1918.
His following is tiny by comparison.
But the 38-year-old politicai upstart has given voice to widely held concerns about the timing and repercussions of a vote that Western powers
have warned will undermine the war against Islamic State, speli the end of Iraq and de-stabilize the entire region.
"The circumstances are not ready for us to have indepen-dence, internally or interna-tionally," said Mahmoud Oth-man, a veteran of the Kurdish struggle who is dose to the region's leaders. "This is a gamble."
The Kurds no longer believe in a unified Iraq, proponents of the referendum say. They are prepared to "pay any price for freedom" from a country that has inflicted genocide on them, the region's president, Masoud Barzani, told a crowd of more than 20,000 on Friday.
It isn't only Baghdad that opposes the referendum. The effort also has riled Iraq's neighbors, Iran and Turkey, as well as the U.S., which has been one of the Kurds' firmest allies.
In the latest strongly worded statement from the
U.S., the State Department warned the vote "may jeopar-dize Iraqi Kurdistan's regional trade relations, and international assistance of ali kinds."
Stili, the Kurds have re-buffed an alternative proposed by Western powers to facilitate talks with Baghdad on ali matters of concern, including the future of their relation-ship. Kurdish leaders say they have exhausted dialogue and will now settle for no less than a clear road map to indepen-dence.
"This is not a risk-free pro-cess" said Hoshyar Zebari, one of the referendum's main backers. "We have calculated the risk."
Although the vote won't au-tomatically deliver statehood, Kurdish leaders say a strong "yes" would give them a mandate to initiate divorce pro-ceedings with Baghdad, culmi-nating in an amicable separation years from now.
Like the overwhelming ma
jority of Iraq's Kurds, Mr. Qadir says he, too, dreams of statehood, but doesn't believe the referendum will advance their cause. Many Kurds fear it could have the reverse effect, endangering what the Kurds have gained over decades of armed struggle and diplomacy.
"This imrecognized and un-trusted referendum will not help us," Mr. Qadir said. Talks with Baghdad and the Kurds' allies should come first, he adds.
—Nour Maìas in Istanbul contribitted to this arrìde.
Kurds oacked a stadium in Erbil in suDDort of Mondav's referendum.
Pag. 8
Letter From North Korea As the nuclear crisis mounts. Journal reporters were able to visit Pyongyang and see life there in a tightly controlied tour.
B Y JOHN LYONS
AND JONATHAN CHENG
NO R T H K O R E A ' S nu
clear ambi t ions are etched in to the land-scape of Pyongyang, i ts showcase capital
city. A giant sculpture of the a tom sits on top of a new apart-ment tower bu i l t for nuclear sci-entists. A tom designs adorn road overpasses, lampposts and bu i ld ing facades.
Bomb imagery colors daily l ife. At an orphanage, children play w i t h plastic mobile rocket launch-ers instead of toy trucks. Shops sell commemorative intereontinen-tal ballistic missile stamps, whi le a bakery sells cakes featuring an up-r ight rocket, ready for launch.
During a recent visi t , the f i rs t by The Wall Street Journal since 2008, the city's atomic aesthetics reinforced the message govern-ment officials conveyed repeatedly to the Journal reporters: Nor th Korea won' t part w i t h its nuclear weapons under any circumstances and is resolved to suffer economie sanctions and risk war w i t h the U.S. to keep them.
" I t is too late, we have g rown up," said Ri Yong Pil, the vice pres-ident of the Inst i tute for American Studies, a division o f Nor th Ko-rea's M i n i s t r y of Foreign Affairs. "We are not interested in dialogue to undermine our newly bui l t strategie status."
The Journal reporters traveled to Pyongyang for a t igh t ly control ied repor t ing t r ip between Sept. 14 and 19 amid r is ing tension between the U.S. and Nor th Korea, one of the world's most brutal and isolated dictatorships. Nor th Korea launched a ballistic missile over Japan on the second day of the t r i p . Hours after the group de-parted, U.S. President Donald Trump vowed to "total ly destroy Nor th Korea" i f the U.S. is required to defend i tself or allies, saying leader Kim Jong Un—whom he called "Rocket Man"—was on a suicide path.
On the day the Journal group flew into Pyongyang, Nor th Korea's state news agency declared i n a news release that al i "Yankees" should be "beaten to death, as a
stick is f i t for a rabid dog," for persuading the United Nations to enact economie sanctions against the country.
Two affable, English-speaking diplomats in dark suits who re-ceived the Journal at Pyongyang's new glass-fronted international air-port took a more measured tone.
Over the next few days, the su-pervised series o f officiai inter-views, visits to ci ty landmarks and br ief encounters w i t h a handful of Pyongyang residents appeared to signal a rare outreach campaign by the government, which has in -cluded other U.S. news organiza-tions, to describe what i t sees as the logie of its nuclear-weapons program. The U.S. and Nor th Korea don't have diplomatic relations, and even informai contact between the two nations is l imi ted .
Officiai repor t ing t r ips to North Korea only happen w i t h the ex-plici t sanction of the state, and visitors are kept under dose watch. Authori t ies granted Journal requests to visit factories and stores, which were chosen by the government. Some requests, such as to meet two U.S. citizens de-tained whi le work ing at a Pyongyang university, were denied.
Handlers allowed the Journal to talk to residents encountered along the way, but translations were done by the Nor th Koreans and i t was unclear i f people felt free to speak their minds.
Nor th Korean officials said their weapons, which include nuclear missiles being designed to reach the U.S., were meant for defensive purposes only. They described them as necessary to end what they said was a Constant threat o f attack by the U.S., which has main-tained troops in South Korea since 1953. The officials said they wanted to force the U.S. to coexist under a system of deterrence, much as i t did w i t h the Soviet Union in the Cold War.
The Nor th Korean officials ex-pressed curiosi ty about diff icul t -to-answer questions such as: Who is Mr. Trump's chief adviser? And w i l l Secretary of State Rex Ti l ler -son keep his job? One officiai had followed the heated U.S. debate over transgender soldiers, and wondered i f the U.S. had many.
They were convinced the U.S. has wanted the destruction of their government since the Cold War, and reminded reporters that the U.S. designated Nor th Korea as part of an axis of evil i n 2002. They ex-pressed chagrin at perceived U.S. slights, w i t h Mr. Ri recalling taking offense once when a U.S. immigra-t ion officer at New York's John R
said they supported the missile program and were resolved to make sacrifices i f sanctions squeezed the economy.
A restaurant bartender ap-proached by the Journal expressed pride i n the country's advaneing missile capabilities after a broadcast of a Sept. 15 missile test played on a television over the bar. "We w i l l accomplish the final vie-to ry against the U.S.," the bar-tender said. " I wish they would launch 20 or 30 missiles a day."
Several people, including some government officials, expressed wariness of China, a longt ime friend of Pyongyang that h is tor i -cally has opposed any talk of regime change. China supported recent steps to t ighten sanctions against Nor th Korea, and some residents said they question the quali ty and safety of Chinese foods and other produets.
Pyongyang appeared spotless. A Korean War museum w i t h marbled Kennedy International Ai rpor t didn' t realize that the Democratic People's Republic o f Korea was North Korea, not South.
Most Washington policy makers view talk of coexistence w i t h a nu-clear-armed Pyongyang as a nonstarter. Al lowing an unpredictable leader such as K i m Jong Un, who has threatened to attack the U.S., to have such capabilities is s imply too risky.
Nor th Korea has long ranked among the world 's most repressive nations. During the 1990s, the country fell in to a famine that
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 4
killed hundreds of thousands, even as the government diverted re-sources to the military. Today tens of thousands of North Koreans are believed to languisti in gulags and the state allows no dissent.
Pyongyang officially denies the existence of gulags and says alt of its citizens enjoy human rights. It acknowledges the famine, but blames it on U.S. sanctions and bad weather.
In interviews with grocery-store employees and other workers ar-ranged by the government, and in conversations struck up with people approached by the Journal, ali halls that supposedly takes four days to tour didn't have a single visitor one morning. Broad avenues had sparse traffic despite the city's three million residents. A Protes-tant church service had no North Korean families in it, just individu-als, mostly elderly women. The ser-mon was an anti-American diatribe.
It is also a city undergoing a growth spurt, thanks to an economie miniboom driver) by trade with China. Kim Jong Un is adding futuristic-looking skyserapers, many built for scientists and university lecturers, plus cultural amenities including a water park. A new science-and-technology l i brary has computer labs connected to the country's internai internet system, which for nearly alt North Koreans is cut off from the World Wide Web.
The Journal's team was housed in a lavish villa of white marble and glass on the rurat outskirts of Pyongyang, and was encouraged to walk the grounds freely after long reporting days. On two occasions, a guard with a rifle motioned reporters back to the villa, ending the strolls.
Propaganda is ubiquitous, from anti-U.S. posters and slogans to the Constant sound of patriotic hymns, sometimes set to rock beats. The messages exalt three generations of Kim family leaders, who have stayed in power for more than seven decades by building a police state and instilling in the populace a quasi-religious devotion.
At a new ophthalmology hospital with a giant bubble window shaped like a human eye, external-affairs director Kim Un Ae said the facility was completed in six months and that supreme leader Kim Jong Un visited on May 26, 2016, during construction to give "on-the-spot guidance."
Mr. Kim suggested changes to the hospital's eye-shaped logo, including adding a second line to the eye-brow, the hospital's external-affairs
director said. Mr. Kim picked green as the main interior color because it soothes the eyes, and guided the glasses shop inside to organize frames by gender and price.
Time-to-completion informa-tion and dates of leaders' on-the-spot visits were recurring themes at museums, a dolphin-show facility, a factory, hospitals and other buildings.
Elites appear to be living well. A sushi restaurant run by deceased leader Kim Jong Il's former sushi chef serves $100 platters of raw fish. A supermarket in Kwangbok Street had produets ranging from locally made tea to $70 imported Japanese whisky.
People are playing videogames on locally made smartphones that are becoming more common yet re-main disconnected from the global internet. One of the Journal's han-dlers said some parents worry about how mudi screen time their children get, much like Americans.
Solar panels have sprung up across Pyongyang, appearing on apartment balconies, providing an alternate power source for individ-uals and insulating them from power outages while also easing their reliance on government-sup-plied power.
Although the Journal's team didn't leave Pyongyang, foreign aid workers who have access to other parts of the country describe a strikingly different scene in the provinces. Even on the city's outskirts, the drop-off in living stan-dards is stark. Journal reporters saw farmers relying on ox carts in fields just a short drive from the new dolphin-show facility and sci-enee complexes.
North Korea's economy grew 3.9% last year to around $32 bil-lion, according to South Korea's centrai bank, which makes esti-mates about the economy of its northern neighbor in the absence of reliable figures from Pyongyang. That is the fastest growth since 1999, according to South Korea, and may have been helped by government spending on weapons manufacturing.
The U.S. strategy is to squeeze Mr. Kim by snuffing out North Korean growth with sanctions, including limits on purchases of oil. The supervised nature of the Jounial's trip made it impossible to draw
conclusions about whether Pyongyang can outlast the sanctions.
During the trip, Mr. Trump suggested in a tweet that new sanctions were causing long lines at Pyongyang gas stations.
A European aid worker in
Pyongyang interviewed by the Journal said gas prices had risen significantly since November. But there were no lines at four gas stations that reporters saw while touring the city. At one station where reporters waited for 20 minutes seeking permission to take a photograph, two cars carne in to fili up.
Ri Gi Song, an economist at North Korea's Academy of Social Sciences, said North Korea was well positioned to weather sanctions after enduring them in some forni or another since the end of the Korean War. Cryptically, he said the country could rely on oil-producing North Korean allies to get around the sanctions. "1*11 let you guess which," he said. When the Journal suggested a few possi-ble countries, including Iran and Venezuela, he smiled and repeated his answer.
What's more, he said, the nu-clear-weapons program was ai-ready allowing the country to reduce spending on conventional weapons and channel that money to economie development.
"You can't hurt this economy with sanctions," said Ding Jiansh-eng, a Chinese coal trader who lives in Pyongyang and was enjoy-ing a musica] performance by the waitresses at a bustling new Pyongyang pizza restaurant on the banks of the Taedong River. He said his coal business was thriving despite U.N. sanctions designed to stop coal sales to North Korea, though he declined to say how.
The Journal also spoke with Ri Song Ho, who direets the Golden Cup Trading Co. factory, which pro-duces some 700 different snacks, sodas, bread and sweets, including a cake featuring a North Korean rocket ready for launch. He said his experience during the lean years of the 1990s inspired him to produce more food to offset the sanctions.
"Since we were kids, we've known how to find a way to make things work," he said.
Like ali companies in North Korea, the Golden Cup is state-owned. An economie policy introduced in 2013 gives managers such as Mr. Ri more decision-making power, he said, as well as the freedom to seti any surplus production directly to
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 5
eustomers for extra profit. Mudi of the building was dedi-
cated to other activities. On a higher floor, a hallway decorated like a cave led to a large tropical-themed swimming pool featuring live banana trees.
Mr. Ri had two rooms dedicated to the two visits made by North Korea's leader.
His conversatdon moved quickly from making snacks to nuclear de-terrence. He was convinced that the threat of war would fade as the U.S. carne to accept North Korea's nuclear power as a fact of life.
"We now have ali these nuclear
weapons to defend us. I believe in a few days there will be news that will mean that the U.S. will not at-tack us, but I can't say what that is," said Mr. Ri.
—Andrew Dowell and Paolo Bosonin contributed to this article.
'We are not interested in dialogue to under mine our newly built strategie status/
A SIGNBOARD in Pyongyang declares 'No one con stand in our way" as a tank rolls over words representing U.N. sanctions and North Korea's international isolation.
Pag. 6
Why Afghans Are Hopeful About Trump's New Strategy By Parwiz Kawa And Shafi Sharifi
Kabul
I H 2011 President Obama an-nounced that ali U.S.-led coali-tion forces woiild leave Afghani
stan by the end of 2014. The timing of the departure could not have been worse. The country was being ripped apart politically by a presidential election marred vvith corruption. Af-ghan security forces were not fully ready to take on the Taliban and other terrorist groups pouring in from safe havens across the border in Pakistan, their ranks replenished by thousands of recent graduates of Pakistani madrassas.
In the absence of a clear U.S. strategy, Iran and Russia also began increasing their involvement in Afghanistan, providing arms to the Taliban. By mid-2015, the emboldened Taliban could see victory. They had been attacking Afghan government posts in bigger numbers, targeting provincial centers and strategie ar-eas. According to public reports and private accounts of Afghan officials, casualty rates of Afghan security forces in 2015 and 2016 soared to record numbers, as many as 50 killed and wounded daily.
Despite ali this, violent extrem-ists have failed to break up Afghan security forces or gain full control of a province. There were two reasons.
First, Mr. Obama realized that leaving Afghanistan altogether risked squandering the gains of the previ-ous decade and a naif. The limited presence and support of U.S. special forces and advisers helped Afghan special forces stali the Taliban's mo-mentum, especially in the battle for Kunduz in 2015 and 2016.
Second, Afghanistan has changed
fundamentally since 1996, when the Taliban carne to power. The popula-tion is younger and better educated. Afghans have better access to infor-mation and technology, as well as higher literacy rates. Popular support for Afghan security forces has increased too, especially for the Afghan National Ariny.
Now that President Trump has announced a new strategy, there is renewed but cautious optimism in Afghanistan. Afghans are hopeful because Mr. Trump's pian, though lacking details, puts aside a time-line-basecl exit in favor of a condi-tions-based approach.
It also boosts support for Afghan security forces and, more importanti, addresses Pakistana support for the Taliban and other terrorist groups such as the Haqqani network. This will allow Afghanistan to sustain what has been achieved since 2001.
In the past 16 years a new generation of Afghans have come of age. They are accustomed to a free
press, social media and fearless self-expression. This was inconceivable for past generations. They are also against the Taliban's ideology and their version of Islam.
The new strategy provides more training and support for Afghan security forces. A strong military is essential if Afghanistan is to tackle domestic security challenges and join with coalition forces against terrorism in the country and region. It will also pavé the way for a peaceful politicai settlement.
With his new strategy, Mr. Trump has macie it clear that he recognizes Pakistana doublé game—harboring, arming and supporting the Taliban and Haqqani network while claiming to be an ally of the U.S.
On the politicai side, the success of the new American strategy largely depends on whether President Ashraf Ghani's government can ensure that elections scheduled for 2018 and 2019 are fair, transparent and successful. Afghans cannot af-ford another debacle like the 2014 elections.
Corruption remains a signifi-cant challenge. Some corrupt officials have been successfully prose-cuted: Gen. Mohammad Moeen Faqir and businessman Abdul Gha-far Dawi were convicted of embez-zlement and abuse of authority in August.
Yet the government must do a better job of tackling the ethnic di-visions and partisan bickering that hamper anticorruption efforts.
There is also the problem of brain drain. Without serious economie and security reforms to create more and better jobs, Afghanistan wil l lose its best asset: educated Afghan youth.
Afghanistan's future as a peaceful, functioning democracy is not guaranteed. But for the first time in a long time, Afghanistan has hope.
Mr. Kawa is editor in chief of Hasht e Subh Daily, Afghanistan's largest newspaper. Mr. Sharifi is the chairman of Afghanistan Analy-sis and Awareness, a Kabul-based think tank.
Our country's future as a peaceful democracy is not guaranteed, but America won't abandon us.
Pag. 9
How to Help Iraq's Religious Minorities By Nina Shea
A s Islamic State heads toward defeat in Iraq, Christian and Yazidi survivors of genocide
should be returning to their home-towns in Nineveh province. Instead, these fragile minority communities mostly remain stranded at displace-ment shelters in Kurdistan without the means to rebuild their villages. Many are fleeing Iraq, and the country now risks losing these religious minorities entirely. The Trump adirimistration is making the situation worse by continuine Obama policies that effectively ex-clude these non-Muslims from U.S. aid in Iraq.
Today there are fewer than 250,000 Christians in Iraq, according to the U.S. State Department, down from as many as 1.4 million before the 2003 invasion. These Christians speak Aramaic, like Jesus of Nazareth, and trace their faith to Thomas the Apos-tle, whose relics were spirited from Nineveh by Orthodox monks as Islamic State approached.
The Iraqi Jewish community, its roots in the Babylonian exile, was forced out over the past 70 years; fewer than 10 Jewish families remain in Baghdad. Yazidis—who have lived near the Sinjar Moun-tains—number about 400,000. Nadia Murad, the voice for thousands of Yazidis enslaved by Islamic State, warned a congressional panel earlier this year that her people could soon disappear because of emigration. This would signal the end of Iraq's indigenous non-Mus-lim communities.
Since fiscal 2014, the U.S. has pro-vided $1.4 billion in humanitarian aid for Iraq, but very little of it has reached the beleaguered Christian and Yazidi communities. This is because the Obama administration de-cided to channel most of it through United Nations refugee and develop-ment agencies, a practice tlie new administration has continued.
There is no protection for religious minorities in the U.N.'s over-whelmingly Muslim camps, and Christians and Yazidis are terrified of entering them. The U.N. doesn't operate camps in Iraq for displaced Cluis-tians, and the International body has enough resources to shelter only half the Yazidis who congregate around Dohuk, in Iraqi Kurdistan. U.N. pro-grams also exclude the locai churches that struggle to care for these minorities, forcing them to raise aid on a piecemeal and insecure basis from other sources.
President Trump has spoken about tire plight of Christians in the Middle East, but he has done little to effect change. Fai- lower percentages of Christians and Yazidis are returning front displacement to their homes in the devastated Nineveh Plains and Sinjar, respectively, compared with the larger religious groups in Tikrit, Fallujah and Mosul.
Usaid lacks direct oversight in Nineveh and relies heavily on U.N. Development Program reports that claim progress in Christian towns. One locai church authority told me the U.N. reports "grossly overstate the quality and substance of the ac-tual work" and their projects' influ-ence is "minimal or nonexistent." A represe ntative from the Nineveh Re-construction Committee, a unified church group, told me earlier this month that the only major projects under way are its own. These are supported by Himgary and the Knights of Columbus. Samaritan's Purse and Aid to the Church in Need are planning projects in Qaraqosh, also without U.S. government assis-tance. These private charities can rebuild houses, but large infrastructure projects need government aid.
The U.N. acknowledges that most of the displaced minorities have not returned home and have shown "a reluctance to return without guaran-tees of their security and the stabil-ity of their towns and villages." Church leaders dose to the dis
placed are excluded from U.N. and Iraqi government committees that decide stabilization projects, track progress and ensure locals are hired for them. Rex Tillerson's State Department has not changed this pol-icy. Nor has it answered my request for information.
Security remains a problem and threatens America's regional inter-ests. Iran is moving in on the towns minorities have been unable to re-claim. The U.N. has focused on minor projects in Bartella, a main Christian town. Yet on Sept. 15 the 'Imam Khomeini" elementary school and mosque complex opened there at an officiai ceremony, a "gift from the Islamic Republic of Iran." In sev-eral towns, Iranian-backed militias stand guard.
Mr. Trump can take immediate steps to ensure U.S. aid reaches Iraq's most vulnerable minorities. First, he can direct his administration to address their humanitarian and stabilization needs. This should include dropping the U.N. as a pass-through for U.S. aid.
He can also appoint an interagency coordinator to ensure that bureau-cratic hurdles don't interfere with get-ting aid to ali groups. These relatively small tweaks would help preserve the region's religious minorities.
Iraq's religious minorities are small in number, but assisting them would affimi that the U.S. stands against genocide, protects religious freedom and aids vulnerable minority groups.
Ms. Shea is director of the Hudson [nstitute's Center for Religious Freedom.
Trump should lindo an Obama policy that largely blocks them from getting U.S. aid.
Pag. 10
Does Milan matter?
B Y V A N E S S A F R I E D M A N
It w n s 9:30 a . m . on Saturc lay , the- Bot
tega V e n e t a s h o w w a s about to s tar t ,
a n d F r a n c o i s - H e n r i P tnau l t , chief e x e c
u t i v e of K e i ing . the F r e n i l i c o n g l o m e r
a l e Ihat ovvns I h e I t a l i . U T b r a m i , w a s het
tip.
W e r e the m o d e l s late? Hacl s o m e
c lo thes not a r r i v e d ? Dici he — oops —
not l ike w h a t he s a w ?
Nope. l l i s i n o r n i n g h a d b e e n r u i n e d
b e c a u s e of the n e w s that the T r u m p a d -
m i n i s l r a t i o n w a s c h a n g i n g I h e federai
gove i i i inent 's po l i cy o n s e x u a l a s s a u l t
on c a m p u s , potent ia l ly a l l o w i n g co l -
l eges to r a i s e the Standard of proni' re -
q u i r e d , a d e c i s i on w i d e l y s e e n a s a l t e r -
ing the b a l a n c c of p o w e r t o w a r d the c o l -
l e g e s a n d a w a y from the v i c t i tns .
K e r i n g h a s a w o m e n ' s foundat ion tliat
h a d d o n e a kit of w o r k ou the i s s i l e , a l i l i
he c o u k l n ' l be l i eve w h a i he h a l l r e a d . H e
w a s w o n d e r i n g if t h e r e w a s a w a y t h e y
could protes t t h e d e c i s i o n , Between that
a n d the M e x i c o C i t y e a r l h i p i a k e ( h i s
wife . S a l i n a H a y e k , is M e x i c a n ) t liei e
w e r e t h i n g s on h i s m i n d b e s i d e s fash ion .
At l e a s t tintil the s h o w b e g a n . T h c n
the s p o r t y 1970s s h a p e s — s t r a i g h t
s k i r t s a n d b o x y j a c k e t s a n d belted
t r e n c h c o a t s a n d T - s h i r t g o w n s in co l
or f i e k l c o m b i n a i i o n s o l c h a r t r e u s e , l i l a c
a n d clnsty tose , t e a l a n d ol ive g r e e n a n d
d a r k grny, a d o n i d i w i t h m e t a l g r o m -
m e t s a n d g l in t ing n i i r r o r s so Mie u l i l i l a r -
i an w a s l r a n s l o r n i e d into the d e c o r a t i v e ,
d e m a n d e d a c e r t a i n a t tent ion .
A few P o c a h o n t a s f r inged d r e s s e s
a s i d e , th i s w a s a s m a r t ( i n e v e r y s e n s e
of tlie w o r d ) p r o p o s a i for h o w to n a v i
gate a w o r l d w h e r e a t tent ion is e l s e -
w h e r e ; a s o p h i s l i c a l e d r e m i n d e r that
b e t w e e n no fri l ls a n d l a n l a s y , a e s t h e l i c
I n v e n t i o n c a n st i l i he foiind. T h e p r i o r i -
t ies w e r e r i g h i .
St i l i , i l 's b e e n a l a r g e l y out-o l - locus
s e u s o n in M i l a n . I tu lv h a s b e e n s o m e -
th ing of a p e r i p h e r a l p l a y e r in the E u r o -
p e a n n a r r a t i v e of la te — in the v a r i o u s
d a n c e s a m o n g M a e r o n a n d M e r k e l a n d
r r u i n p a n d M a y . P r i m e M i n i s t e r P a o l o
G e n t i l o n i r a r e l y c u t s in — a n d d e s i g n e r s
s e e m e q u a l l y confuse l i alxiut (he i r o w n
ro le s in the g r e a t e r fa sh ion e c o s y s t e m .
In the b o w e l s of a d e c r e p i t theater . A n
tonio M a r r a s t h r e w a W e i i n a r - l i k e c a b a
ret for the e n d of Ihe w o r l d . c o m p l e t e
w i t h a w o n i a n s o a r i n g o v e r h e a d on a
s w i n g , a n d pi les of d i s t r e s s e d v c l v e t s .
b e a d i n g . f r inge . f l o r a l i a n d r e g i m e n t a l
s t r i p e s . A l s o a b r a s s m a r c h i n g b a n d . A
m o d e l at S a l v a t o r e F e r r a g a n i o w a i k e d
in one d i r e c t i o n in a f r i n g e d f lap p e r
d r e s s a n d a l i n o s i b u n i p e d iato a mode l
w a l k m g the o ther w a y in a c h e r r y r e d
b a t h i n g su i t a n d m a t c h i n g s h e e r ano-
r a k . A h a n d - p a i n t e d p y t h o n h a l t e r d r e s s
a m i a w a l e r c o l o r v e l v e l g o w n w i t h l e e n y
s t r a p s p a s s e d l ike s h i p s in the n ight . It
w a s n ' t c l e a r w h e r e to look, or w h a t w a s
the point. ( W e l l . s h o e s . )
"It's jus t c lothes" is the u s u a i r e f r a i n ;
there isn't a n y big point ! A n d there's
not l i ing w r o n g w i t h j u s t c l o l h e s — ex-
cept that the o u t s i d e w o r l d h a s so m u c h
m o r e u r g e n c y t h a n w h a t h a s b e e n on the
r u n w a y , I h e c o n n e c t i o n b e t w e e n the two
s e e m s i n c r e a s i n g l y f r a y e d .
A n g e l a M i s s o n i , c e l c b r a t i n g ber 20 th
a n n i v e r s a r y a s the f a m i l y b r a n d ' s c r e
a t i v e director , c lec ided to do it w i t h a
c o m b i i i e d men's a n d w o m e n ' s s h o w ded
icateti l a r g e l y lo . . . p a r t y duds . Hot
p a n t s a n d s h e e r m e l a l l i i m a x i d r e s s e s ,
d i s c o l egg ings a n d m a t c h i n g c r o p tops
( the m e n m o s t l y got to w e a r p a n t s .
l u c k y t h e m ) . al i in the s i g n a t u r e fine-
g a u g e kni t . It w a s pret ty bu i u l t i m a t e l e
the f a b r i c s w e r e a w f u l l y thin. S o w a s the
i d e a .
M i l a n h a s n e v e r r e a l l y b e e n a n inte l -
l ec tua l f a sh ion c i t y ; l e a v e that to the de-
c o n s t r u c t i o n i s l s a n d c o n c e p t u a l i s t s of
P a r i s a n d L o n d o n . I l ' s m o r e about the
i m m e d i a t e grat i f i ca t ion of e x t r a o r d i -
n a r y fabr i c a m i h igh-vu l tage c l c a v a g e .
B u i at I h e v e r y leas t s u c h c l o l h e s should
e a s e y o u r w a y i n the w o r l d ; g ive y o u ti
s e n s e of possibi l i ty , or s t r e n g t h , o r prò-
tect ion a s r e q u i r e d b y m o m e n t . T h e y
don't h a v e to e s p o u s e phi losophy. T h e y
do b a v e to s e r v e a p u r p o s e . If on ly to c r e
ate v i s u a l c o h e r e n c e in a c h a o t i c tune .
See , for e x a m p l e , M a r n i , w h e r e the
d e s i g n e r F r a n c e s c o R i s s o , in a m i u h -
improvec l s o p h o m o r e o u t i n g , t a c k l e d
the subjec t fnl l -on, e m b r a c i n g p l a i d ,
1950sso fn l l o r a l s . d i a d e m p e a r l s , c a n v a s
a n d l e a t h e r ( a l s o s o m e D a v i d S a l l e
n u d e s ) , a n d then t a m i n g the m e s s in
contro l i ed c o m b i n a t i o n s of c o r s e t r y , vo-
l u m i n o u s s k i r t s . c l o w n p a n t s a n d cock
tai l f rocks .
O r E t r o . w h e r e for the first t i m e V e
r o n i c a E l i o , the w o m e n ' s w e a r des igner ,
a n d her o lder b r o t h e r K e a n , w h o h a n -
d l e s the nien's w e a r . w o r k e d toge ther on
a jo int co l l ec t ion .
I n s l e a d of a r e c i p e I D I c o n l u s i o n , it
b r o u g h t a b a l a n c e often m i s s i n g i n the
b r a n d . T h e c o m b i n a t i o n of h i s ta i lor ing
a n d f lower-ch i ld i en -on- the - s i lk -road
( they botti b a v e a g e n e t i c love of p a i s l e y
a n d m a h a r a j a h - m e a i i t m a t e r i a t e ) c r e a t
eti a t ens ion I h a l w a s apropos .
W h i c h w a s b r o k e n , finally, at V e r s a t e ,
w h e r e in a T r i b u t e co l l ec t ion to h e r
brother , G i a n n i , D o n a t e l l a V e r s a c e re-
v i v e d I h e w i ld pr in t s ol t h e l 9 9 0 s in a r io!
of t h i g h - h i g h j e w e l e d boots a n d catsuits a n d s c h o o l g i r l pleatecl s k i r t s a n d s h a r p -
shou lde i ed j a c k e t s .
A t the e n d of the show, the c u r t a i n
carne up on a tab leau ol s u p e r m o d e l s —
C h r i s t y . C l a u d i a , H e l e n a , N a o m i , C i n d y
— i n gold chain m a i l g o d d e s s g o w n s ,
w h o p r o c e e d e d to s t rut so c o n v i n c i l i g l y
d o w n the r u n w a y they r e d u c e d the
j a d e d fa sh ion audience to g i b b e r i n g fnn-
bots . T h o s e l egs ! T h a t h a i r ! T h a t eie-
menta] force pf f e m i n i n i t y !
F o r one c a t h a r t i c m o m e n t , y o u co l l id
i l i th ink about a n y t l t i n g e l s e .
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 1
Pag. 2
Rajoy busca la complicidad de Trump
a reunión quc Martano Rajoy celebrarà mariana cn la Casa Bianca con el presidente de EEUU, Donald Trump, debe
I — servir para escenificar la buena sintonia entre ambos lide-rcs en asuntos fundamentales corno la lucha contra el terrorismo yihadista, las cstratégicas relaciones bilaterales y la condena de la deriva irresponsable de los lideres de Corea del Norte y de Venezuela. Menos coincidencias existen respecto al futuro de la UE, de la OTAN y sobre la politica comerciaJ, pero a bucn seguro que decidiràn apartar cstos asuntos y centrarse en los puntos en co-mùn. Rajoy sera el sexto gobernante europeo al que Trump reciba en su residencia oficial tras Theresa May, Angela Merkel, el italiano Paolo Gentiloni, ci danés Lars Lokke Rasmussen y el ir-landés Enda Kenny, lo que da la medida de la importancia que su Administración concede a la relación con Espana, baluarte para el despliegue de su Ejército en Europa, Africa y Oriente Próxi-mo. Ademàs, Rajoy ha sido uno de los lideres europeos menos beligerantes con el polemico mandatario cstadounidense, un pragmatismo que se explica por la importancia que el Gobierno otorga al vinculo histórico con EEUU, la defensa de los intercses de las empresas espaiiolas presentes alli y la bùsqueda de nuevas inversiones cstadounidenses en Espana. Sin embargo, el mayor logro de està visita seria conseguir una declaración de Trump cn apoyo a la integridad territorial de nuestro pais a sólo unos dias de la fecha sefialada por los independentistas catalanes para celebrar su anunciado referèndum de autodetenninación.
Pag. 1
Religion et nationalisme, un mélange à haut risque
La tragèdie que traversent les Rohingyas en Birmanie intervient dans un contexte explosif: cn Asie du Sud-Est, identitc nationalc etidenti té religieuse ont de plus en plus tendance à se confondre.
L A C H R O N I Q U E eie Dominique Moisi
L 'Asie du Sud-Est risque-clle de devenir un jour « le uouveuu Moyen-Orient », une région du
monde elle aussi dominée par la ren-eontre entre une culture d'humiliation et une culture de rivali t i violone entre et à l'intc-riour des nations qui la cotn-posent ?Onn'eiiestheureuseinentpas encore là et une telle évoltition n'est pas inévitable. Mais le seni l'ai! que Fon puisse se poser une telle question est significati! de la situation nouvelle crée parla montée cleiiationalisinestle type rel igieux dans l'ensemble de l'Kxtrème-Orient.
Toni se passe cornine si l'explosion du fon da men t i i l i s ine au sein de l'islam avai tcontr ibuéà taire resurgir ou simplcment donne un prétexte à l ' express ion d 'un n a t i o n a l i s m e bouddhiste - corame en Birmanie -ou l i i n d o u i s t e - cornine en Inde depuis l'accession du parti de Naren-dra Modi au pouvoir. C'estdans lecon-texie du retour eu force des naliona-lismes d 'or ig ine rel igieuse. q u i i convient de replacer la tragedie que traversent les Rohingyas en Birmanie. Minorité humiliée. on scrait tonte de di L O depuis toujours. les Rohingyas noni m è m e pas le droit à la citoyen-neté. Potir préciser la formule utilisée par Emmanuel Macron lorsde son discoursaux Nations unies, il nes'agit pas •• de rétabllr » mais •< d'émbllr » leurs droits dans un pays ou otre bir-man sigillile èlre bouddhiste.
Bien sur. ils soni tres minorìtaires : S8 % de la poptilation birmane est de
confessioti bouddhiste. contre 6 " i dechrétiensetseulenient4 "i-.de ni usul-mans. Dans la conférence de presse quelle a donneo en anglais - contraiate qu'elleetaitdelefaii'epourrepondreaiix critiques que suscitaient son sllence-l'Icòne de la démocrat ie birmane, An San Suu Kyi. ria memo pas mentiomié les Roliingj'as par leuriiom. L'Inde a ses « intouchables ». la Birmanie a désor-
niais, avec les Rohingyas. ses « innom-mabtes ». I l est probable que le silente d'AuSan Stm Kyi soit tour autant lo proti uit do son aveuglement porsoimel face audestind'une minorile qui n'existe pas à sesyeux. que le résultat d'un calcili politlqueparrapportauxmllltairesavec qui elle partagedésormais le pouvoir.
Tragedie locale » au depart, le drame des Rohingyas est deverai avec le lenips une crise regionale, sinon iuler-nationale, et ce dans une partie du monde ou identité nationalo et identité religieuse ont de plus en plus tendance à se confondre. Lo Pakistan n'a-t-il pas été c r é é pour recovoir la m i n o r i t é musulmane de lex-Empire des indes ? C'omment une organisation corame l'Aseait. qui a accompagno i'établisse-inent progressif de la paix et de la prosperiti dans la région, potinait-elle sui-vivre à 1 emergente en son sein do divisions sur une base strictement con-
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 5
fessionnelle : les bouddhlstesd'un còte, les niusulmans de l'autre ?
En Birmaiiie et en Thuìlande, Ja major ite de la poptilation est boudd-histe. lui Ylalaisieet en Indonèsie, la ma jorité. a l'inverse, est musulmane. L'héritagc des Einpires britaniiique et ncerlandais a laissédans cotte regimi des cicalrices c[iii peuvent se rouvrir à tout moment. Pendant la periodo du Raj. les Britanniques cornine tous los Einpiresavailt elix-oliteli teildatlceà utiliser los miiioritcs pour établir tour autoritc : •• Voits étes inaitmiics. laissez-nmswuspmté&i'rcontrelestltscrìmina-tions dont votts eros les victimes ». disaiont-ils. l'iie fois la colonisarionter-niinée. ces discrimitiations ne pou-vaient quo reparti!' do plus bollo contro dos niinorités non soulcnient considé-rées cornine inférieures » maisdésor-mais conime <• traitres ».
Ce sont ces discriniinations qui ont conduit tuie minorile de la jeunesse
rohingya à choisir la voie do la violonco. encouragéepetit-èlreencela par lesdis-
cours enflamiués de fondanientalistes ìnustilmans. s'exprimant dopuis le Moyen-Orient ott métne en Asie. Le d ramo estque cotto radicali sationd"une minoriti? dos mustilnians s'ost prod uite précisément ati moment où Fon assis-tait à tino seniblable derivo fondameii-talisto ot ultranatioiialiste a ti scili de la tonimtinauté bouddhiste. Botiddiia pouvait bion prèclier la paix ot la toló-ranoe. dos botizos zólos coiiimeiicaient à se compone!'a mime des Savona role, incitaiit à la baine contro les musul-niàiis. - Tuez-les, ttioz-lestous •• : tuie sticcession de massacres de type Saint-Barthélemy s'est produite aitisi, au débiti au ìnoiiis. dans l'indill'éroiice la plus touile de la comnuinaute Internationale. •• Quevoulez-vous.celasepas.se trèsloin.ot lesvkiiiiiesnesoiil-elles pas mtistiliiianes. potentiellement des termi istes ? »
Et test bienlà le coeurd u problcnie à llieure de la mondialisation et de la revolution de la communication. Défaites sur le lerrain en Syrie et eu Irak. des organisations terroristes cornine Daecli peuvent elles réver cl'utiliserlesort rèsene aux Rohingyas pour niobiliser les émotions des
miisulniaiisd'Asie '.'Sur un pianstrle-teinent déinographiqtie. le premier pays miistilman du monde 1 l'est-il pas ['Indonèsie ? Après losort réseivé aux musulmans bosiiiaqiies lors de la guerre dansles Balkans dans les années 1990. le dranie dos Rohingyas [burnii ainsi une uouvelle oteasion de dénoneer los émotions sélcctives du mondo oooidcntal.
Il est esseuliel de melile l'in à tette derive, identità ire ot culturelle plus qtie religieuse si loti veut éviter une contagio» qui aurait des coiiséqueiices tata s-trophiquos pour l'equilibro do l'ensemble do la regio». Los Nations imics peuvenl-ellos joiiulre les attes ii la parole ettrouvei dans la crise des Rohingyas loccasion do redorer enfili leur blason et d'éviter que l'Extréme-Oriontno se transforme en iinnoiivcau Moyen-Orient ? On ne petit que l'espc-rer sans trop y croi re.
Dominique Moi'sl est conseiller special de Iinstitut Montaigne.
L'Inde a scs « intouchables », avee Ics Rohingyas, la Birmanìe a désormais scs « innommablcs ».
Camp de réfugiés rohingyas. à Balukhali. Bangladesh. Photo DanMjiu Foga \FC
Pag. 6
Angela Merkel ou l'art de durer
Thibaut Madelin ^liThibautMadcliti
— Correspondautà Balia
E t de quadre. A soixante-troisans. Angela Merkel estarrlvéedliiianche en tète des éleetions législatives alle
ili andes et va rempiler pour un quat r ième m a n d a i de qua tre ans. Au tan t que ses modèlesKonrad Adenauer et Helmut Kolil . I "ne consécratioi i pini r ce phénoinène poi i -tique qui a grandi sous le regime coii ini i i -niste de l'ex-AJlemagne de l l i s t et a fair de son pays le leader i n c o n t e s t é d'Europe, voire du monde libro. L;r une revanehc pcr-sojinelle pour certe admhatiiee de Catherine IT de liussie, aussi accessililequ'enig-matique. dont la survie politique sest jouée à LUI fil au moment de la erise des réfugiés. Victoriense. la chancelière esc aussi afl'ai-blie : le parti populiste Alternative pour l'AUeniagne (AfD). qui a fa i : campagne coi l ire sa politique d'asile. l'ait une entree fracassante au Bundestag.
« Cene élection n'est pus decidée », déela-rait « icore marcii la presidente <le l'Union d i i é t i enne-démocra te (CDU) dans la sallc de sport Belasse à Schwerin. Initialement, ce meeting devait avoir lieu sur la place ci li Marche de certe ville du nord-est de l'Allemagne. Offidellement. le parti a c h a n g é d'avis à cause de la mèteo. Mais il t'ait beau sur la capitale du Mecldembotug-Poméra-nie-Occidcntale, oii la chancelière a sa cir-conscription. Le chaiigernent de planning est sans doute tactique. Tout a u long de la campagne, elle a été huée et sifflée par des synipathisanls de l'AID. Ce décha inement de baine n'est pas cantonné à l'Est du pays. Vendredi. a Mtmich. son discours est reste presqu'inaudible.
Lai question des réfugiés A l'extérieur du coniplexe sportif à la péri-plierie de Schwerin, Angela Merkel a certes étéaccueillie parlessiflletseties Slogatisele
Merkel doit partir ••. mais la poi ice a inter-dit l'accès aux protesta taires. Dans la sa Ile, où qiieJques-uus des 500 siègessont restés vides, l'ani biance était feuirée. Assisa u premier rang. quelques deinandeurs d'asile tendaient une pancarte. Desstis, 011 y voyait la photo de la chancelière et cene inserip-
t i o n : >< Nous t ' a imons . Nous vou lons apprendre, travailler. vivre ». Pour la chancelière. qui avait été conspuèe pour ses sel-ties avec des réfugiés en septembre 2015, certe visite est peut-ètre d u ba unte a ti cocu r. Mais c'est aussi un ruonient quel le redolite. Après le meeting, elle passera quelques minutes avec eux... a la bri des caméras.
Ati début de la campagne, la CDU et son a 11 iée Ixiva roi se. 1 a CSI J, ava ient renou é avec leur populai i té d'antan, caracolant à 40 % dans les sondages. Mais a lors que les niédias ont rouveit le dossier sensible des réfugiés. cette avance a fondu au profit de l'Afl). Poni- la p remièrefo isdepuls 1953, un parti nationalistevadoneentrerau Bundestag. Saul'coup de théatre. ceci nempèchera pas Angela Merkel de goti ver ne r. soit de nouveau avec le SPD. soit avec les libera ux duFDPellesVerts.
« Cette élection sera dure cornine jamais iiummvaiu », avait piédit la presidente de la CDU en annoncant sa candida ture en novembre 20KS. La campagne a en effet été une épreuve et sa victoire apparati assez niiracuJeuse. D'abord applaudie par la majoiité des Alterna nds. sa décision de lais-ser venir près de un million de réfugiés en 2015 a plongéson camp dans unec rise liisto-r iqt ie . Son appel « On y a r r i v e r à >• s'est retotirné eontre elle. Los agressions sexuel-les par des deinandeurs d'asile à Cologne en décembre 2015. puis l'attentai sur le marche de Noèl à Berlin, qui a fait 12 nioits l 'année daprès , ont chaqué le pays. Selon le jounui-liste Robin Alexander, qui a écrit un livre sur le sci jet. la CSU a m é m e tes té a u p r è s du ministre des Finances. Wolfgang Schàuble, la possibilità de l'evincer.
Ason niveau,Tiniof)ole.vsa faillien taire les fruis. Avec trois complices, le cabaret-liste Jone •• Wohin mit Multi ? •> (•< OLI avec
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 2
Mainal i ? »). une pièce mettant en scène une famiile allemande moyenne donnant refuge à la c h a n c e l i è r e . « Lorsque nous avons fàckìpremiere, en mai2016. toutle monde nous a dir "vous étes fous" », dit-il. A l'epoque, i "avenir d'Angela Merkel parais-sait effectivement fragile. Maintenant. la pièce faitsalleconibleiouslessoirsau Ihéa-tre berlinois Distel. De fait, dit son direeteur aitistique. Dominili Paetzlioldt. •• toutes les pièccs tini portoni le nom d'Angie. Matti, chancelière ou Insange [la position de ses mains. NDLR] marehent exircmcmau Inen. Il se passe quelque eliuse entre son person-nageet le public».
Apre combat Ce rebondissenient est le resultai d'un apre combat, doni celle qui a renversé son inen-tor Helmut Kolil a le secret. Il est passe par u ii virage a 180 degrés de sa politiqued'asile graceà u n accord controverse entro l ' I inion européeiine et la Turquie. qui a accepté de garder sur son territoire les deniandeurs d'asile contre uneenveloppede (s milliards d'euro». Pour cela, celle ha bile taciicienne a déployésontalent inégaléàscel lei 'desconi-proniis eu ropóens . . . qui profi tent à son pays.Accessoirement, ellea aussi proQtéde la fermeture de la route des Balkanspar la I iongrie et l'Autriche. quelle avait pourtant critiqtiée. Depuis. le Hot sèst tari. « 2015 ne peni pas se reproduire. ne don pas se reproduire et ne se reprodttira pas ». r é p è t e aiijourd'hui la chancelière à l'envi.
Mais si les Allemanda ont de nouveau accordò leureonfianceà cotte bète de travai I qui exige une loyauié absolue de ses collaborateli rs. c'est d'abord parco qu'ils se sen-tent bion et no voulent pas quo cola change. Dans un paysoii le chóniage culmine à 4 "(>, près do SO % jugcnt leur situation persoli* nelle satisfaisante. C'est d'ailleurs le slogan des a l i iches de la CDU qu i p r é s e n t e n t Angela Merkel sur fond noir, roitge et or ; •• Pour une Allomagne dans laquelle i l fait bon vivre ». Face à cela, le candidat du SPD Mar t in Schulz, dont la nomination avait pourtant propulse lo pani a 33 % dans Ics sondages eri mars. peine a mobiliser. I.a vetuste des infrastructures, que les usagers du t r a i n paient par des retards inces-sants, les inégalités, qui p réoecupen t les
Allemands.ou la penurie de profosseursoii de personnel soignant : autant de t l ièmes qui i meten avant. Kn vaili.
Mais si lo Challenger a fait des erreurs et souffre de la paiticipation de son paiti au gouvernement d'Angela Merkel.il se henne aussi à une rivale qui a renoué avec l'imago quelle avait avant la cria"1 des réfugiés, jtigc Oskar Niedermayer. professeurdesciences politiques à l'Université libre de Berlin. <• A sovoir ìa mère de la nailon, qui prend l'Alìe-magne par la main et dirige le pays d'une mainsùreàtraverslescrisesiniernationales, di t - i l . Pour que les Allentane! puissent se reposer et dire Merkel va bien s'en occtt-per ». <• A'onx traversoni uncplmsede tutmtl-tes », a-t-olie conciti son discotirs mardi en promet ta l i ! de « travailler tres dur » en faveur d'une solution diplomatique à la crise nord-curéenne. <• On ne petit pas sepcr-mettred'aventures. Dna basalti destabilité!»
Face aux menac.es n u e l é a i r e s de Kim Jong-un et à la r é p o n s e i n q u i é t a n t e de Donald Trump. au Brexit. à la crise de l'euro, aux guerres en Ukraine et en Syrie ou aux dérives autoritaircs Recep Tayyip Erdogan et Vlad imi r Politine, c'est son principaJ atout. Alors que les Alleniands suivent la situation géopol i t ique avec a t t en t ion- le journal celéviséyaccordequasiment plus de place qua la politique intérioure- ilsvoiont dans* Muftì » la seule capable de resister avec lucidité et fermeté à des leaders ou des é v é n e n i e n t s de pius en plus imprév i s i -bles. « Elle s'est toujours engagée enfavettr < le la pai.x, dit Myriam Konig. professetire de violon de vingt-sept ans. qui a vote pour la première foisCDUaprèsavoirdoimésavoLx au SPD. Pour inoi. cesi le plus importata, »
Démobilisation asymétrique Cotte fenime vivant dans uno conimunauté prochedeSchwei in illustre leglissement de lélectorat de la CDU sous la ferule d'Angela Merkel. Décidée à gagner Ics éleetions au centre.aprèsavoiifailli perdio collede 2005 en preiuuit le risque de promettre des réfòr-mes l ibérales , la chance l i è r e a passe les douze aimées à la tète d u pays à s'ad apter a u consetisus populaire. Un choix payant. Selon une é tude de la Fondation Bertels-inann.80%desAlleniandssesituentpoliti-quenient au centro. L'ex-pliysicieiuie. qui
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 3
avait envisagé de rejoindre les Verte lors-qu'elle s'est l ancée dans la vie politique après la chute du min de Berlin, a perfec-tioimé une technique : la démobil isat ion a symétriq tie. ou 1 art d adopter les positions deson adversairepour le neutraliserau lieu de elierelierle contlit.
La liste des su.jets quelle a aitisi chipés au SPD ou aux Verts, tous deux désannés par sonila bileté.sembleintermina ble :sortiedu nucléa i re . abaudon du service milita ire. introductiondu sa laire minimum, abaudon des négoeiarions dadhésion de la Ttirquie à l'Union européenne... Le meilieur exeniple est peut-ètre eelui du mariane boinosexuel. coirne lequel elle s'est longtcmps opposée et quelle a réussi à l'aire voter parie Bundes
tag, soi-disai i l parnialadresse, lors de la der-n iè re session parlementaire de ju i l l e t . Juste avant le début de la campagne... •< On pannatipresque dire, l'importimi pour elle est de resterai selle, dit Ralf 'Schiller, journa-liste pol i t ique au quot idien populaire "ìi\kY'.OinialeclKvcil.enfak.celaì!iicstèe,al. »
Chez d'autres, te pragmatisme serait perca cornine de l'opportunisti». Pascile/. Angela Merkel. doni l'apparence et la per-sonnal i té font qu'on lui donnerait le boti Dieu sans confession. L'Iridi en a fait l'expé-rience dinianche dernier. <• Décrivez votre vie cnqita tremors », a demandale garconde onze ansa la chancelière lors de la •• conferente de presse desentante » auQG de campagne de la CDU. •• Munger, boìre, dormir, se
A L L E M A G N E // Pour la quatrième fois en douze ans, la « mère de la nation » a remporté
les éleetions législatìves allemandes. Mais la montee de l'cxtrème-droite,
sur fond de crise des réfugiés, la fragilise.
« 2015 ne peut pas se reproduire,
ne doit pas se reproduire et
ne se reproduira pas. » ANGELA MERKEL
Chancelière allemande
brosser ics deius ». I ni a-t-elle répondu avec un naturel déconcertant. avant devoquer les- décisionsdifliciiesà prendre - qui font son kit quotidien. •• Cesi ca son secret : c'est une l'emme pasce, maitresse d'elle-mcmc. modeste et sans vanite, dit Michael Spreng. consonici' en comiiiunication politique. CV style correspand au sentimeni majoriiaire dcsAllemands. »
Reste a savoir pour conibien de temps. Alors quo la colere gronde dans le pays. celle qui a travaillé avec quatre presidente francais et trois presidente américains ris-qt ic de v o l i à son t o u r son p o u v o i r conteste. « I.emement mais sùrement. le débat sur sa succession va commeneer».'\ uge lo quotidien conserva tour « Frankfurter AU-gemeine Zeltung ». •
f ^ l
Dates clefs
• 1954 Néeà llambourg.puis ses parente s'inslalleiii en Répu bl iquo démocratiquo allemande (RDA). • 1978 Diplómee en physique de i'université Karl-Marx de Leipzig. • 198G Obtient sa thèse en chimiequantiquea l'Académie des sciences de Berlin-Est avec la niention - très bien ». • 1991 Première élection a u Bundestag (inujours réélue depuis). • 1991-1998 Ministre federale du gouvernenient Kolil (Feniniesel.Jeunesse, puis Environnoment). • 2000 Première l'emme presidente de la CDU. • Depuis 2005 Giancelière de la Republique federale d'Alien lagne.
Pag. 4
La nostalgia de Las comunidades ideales TERESA GIMÉNEZ BARBAT
EN EL caso del desafio secesionista catalàn, hemos visto pronunciarse a profesionales de diferentes cam-pos. Sobre todo del derecho. Pero no todo se reduce a una cuestión de legalidad. La antropologia tiene mucho que decir de todo elio. El problema fundamen-tal de la cooperación humana es -y, probablemente, sera por mucho riempo- còrno poner de acuerdo a personas de diferentes genealogias y origenes.
Diversos filósofos y humanistas nos han hablado del «circulo moral» de la confianza, la cooperación y de la solidaridad. Nuestro primer circulo moral se re-ducia a nuestros familiares mas cercanos y podia ex-tenderse un poco mas alla, a lo que llamamos fami-lia extensa o tribù. Conseguir la supervivencia de los cercanos hacia posible salvaguardar el acervo de los propios genes. La gran sorpresa es que históricamen-te hemos realizado saltos hacia delante en la cooperación de nuestra especie. Avance que, sin perjuicio de regresiones ciclicas, parece apuntar hacia una ampliación progresiva del circulo -en términos del antiguo filòsofo estoico Hierocles- que contiene a los que cooperan. Y las ventajas de està estrategia de-muestran que otra manera de proteger los propios genes es evitando el conflicto con otros grupos. Los que consiguen seguirla pueden prosperar. Ampliar la circunferencia de este circulo ha tornado su tiempo y de hecho se han experimentado diferentes saltos o lo que voy a llamar aqui grandes transiciones.
Una primera gran transición tuvo lugar en la pre-historia, cuando la evolución de un lenguaje simbòlico y mitològico permitió a los grupos de mas moder-
nos y gràciles (despro-vistos de rasgos arcaicos mas agresivos) humanos sapiens sapiens superar a competidores robustos -corno los neandertales-mediante una inteligen-cia social mas desarro-llada.
La segunda transición coincide con el surgimien-to de la escritura, las primeras ciudades e imperios en cuyo circulo de civilización, legitimado por siste-
mas de leyes comunes e ideologias religiosas, cooperan grupos mas amplios de personas.
Una tercera transición comenzaria no antes del siglo XVI, coincidiendo con las grandes exploraciones europeas y los imperios occidentales de ultramar que consiguen dar literalmente la vuelta al globo. A esto se le suele llamar globalización.
Quiza nos encontramos en el umbral de una cuar-ta gran transición: la de las grandes sociedades de la información que trascienden los limites nacionales, conduciéndonos hacia una era que algunos califican corno hiperhistórica y que favoreceria la evolución de unidades politicas de cooperación por encima de los estados-nacionales y otras pequenas unidades. Una sociedad de cooperantes planetaria, por asi de-cirlo. Pero las transiciones se han cobrado un precio, en buena medida psicològico, ya que nuestra psicologia social evolucionó, corno he explicado, en entor-nos mucho mas familiares y tribales que el actual, y estuvo marcada por encuentros cara a cara dentro de un grupo humano de no mas de 150 individuos, se-gun la conocida estimación de Robin Dunbar.
Este desajuste evolutivo, escarbando en la herida de una identidad y destino que parece escaparse de nuestro control, es quizà la explicación mas profun-da de tumultos politicos modernos corno el propio nacionalismo. En realidad, no podemos vivir ya en sociedades compuestas por familias extendidas de 150 personas que se conocen y comparten genealogia -real o imaginada-, pero las ideologias naciona-listas y separatistas se basan en una especie de re-construcción virtual y melancólica de este pequeho grupo o comunidad ideal. Y los politicos nacionalis-tas se encargan de exacerbarlo.
A la luz de la psicologia social humana, no hay na-
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 7
da muy peculiar en el nacionalismo catalàn que lo distinga de otros segregacionismos y separatismos. Ni Espana ni Cataluria son diferentes: podemos en-contrar movimientos politicos similares que rervindi-can comunidades ideales con una difusión epidèmica mas o menos fuerte en naciones históricas europeas y consolida-das corno Francia, Gran Bretana o Italia.
Los nacionalistas de estas regiones a menu-do apelan a la demo-cracia, y a veces tam-bién a la integración en Europa. Pero aqui nos encontramos con con-tradicciones y dificulta-des insuperables.
Por una parte, la idea de que podemos usar la democracia en este momento para crear divi-siones entre pueblos y personas donde no existian o estaban larga y sensatamente olvida-das es - c o m ò poco-bastante pintoresca. Por de pronto, contradice una larga tendencia que los historiadores asocian intimamente con el proceso de civilización y pacificación, especialmente, el europeo: la reducción secu-lar de sus unidades po-liticas. Segùn el histo-riador militar Quincy
Wright, Europa habria pasado de tener 5.000 unidades politicas independientes (baronias y principados, sobre todo) en el siglo XV, a 5.000 en la època de la guerra de los 30 anos, en el siglo XVII, 200 en la època de Napoleón en el siglo XIX y menos de 30 en 1953. Esto tiene consecuencias: segùn el Giobaf Pea-ce Index, 15 de los 25 paises del mundo mas pacifi-cos son hoy europeos.
Por otra parte, no soplan buenos vientos para la aspiración de que las pequenas naciones ideales -Cataluna, Pais Vasco, Córcega, etc- se acomoden en el orden legai europeo. La idea favorita hasta hace poco tiempo entre nacionalistas catalanes, galeses o ir-landeses de disolver los estados nacionales en una
Europa de los pueblos ha perdido fuerza tras la crisis financiera global de 2008. La UE no ha creado una tercera via politica entre la independencia y la Union. Tenemos un Cornile de las Regiones, pero el mayor poder sigue en manos de las naciones históricas a través del Consejo de Ministros, la Comisión y el Banco Central. Es mas, este mismo orden legai sigue reconociendo, en el articulo cuatro del Tratado de Lisboa (2007) las funciones esenciales de los Estados miembros y, en particular, «las que tienen por objeto garantizar su integridad territorial, mantener el orden pùblico y salvaguardarla seguridad nacional». Artificios legales creados ad hoc por politólogos y ac-tivistas, corno un inexistente derecho a decidir, evi-dencian las dificultades de los ideólogos separatistas para facilitar su encaje en el orden internacional y europeo.
CIERTO QUE la trayectoria seguida por la Union Europea no satisface a todos. Los equilibrios de la politica real nos han situado en algùn lugar intermedio entre la Europa sonada por los federalistas mas opti-mistas (entre quienes me hallo) y la Europa de los Estados a la que preferirian regresar muchos euroescép-ticos todavia en el siglo XXI. Las dudas surgidas tras la crisis financiera, institucional y de identidad de los ùltimos anos, que suelen ser tan subrayadas incluso en los discursos europeistas -ademàs de deliberada-mente estimuladas por terceras partes interesadas-no deben, sin embargo, hacernos perder de vista que, segùn la evidencia empirica, la mentalidad proeuropea sigue creciendo entre la población de la Union (Striesing y Lutz, 2016). Segùn el Eurobaròmetro, dos tercios de los europeos siguen viendo la Union comò un lugar estable dentro de un mundo problemàtico; el 80% apoya las libertades fundamentales europeas y el 70% respalda la moneda comùn.
Al exigir la separación con el resto de Espana y apostar por comunidades ideales basadas en identi-dades rigidas los nacionalistas catalanes y sus afines no sólo cuestionan un espacio de cooperación comùn que nos ha costado siglos construir en nuestro pro-pio pais. También se sitùan frente a la corriente general del proyecto europeo, que favorece mas bien identidades que evolucionan hacia una conciencia de hiperpatria integradora y a unidades de cooperación mas pluraies, grandes y abiertas.
«A la luz de la psicologia social, no hay nada muy peculiar en el
nacionalismo catalàn que lo distinga de otros separatismos»
TRIBUNA | CATALUNA Segùn la autora, al exigir la separación con el resto de Espana, los nacionalistas catalanes no sólo cuestionan el espacio de cooperación comunitario sino que se enfrentan a la corriente general del proyecto europeo.
Maria Teresa Cìiménez Barbai es antropologa y eurodipu-tada del Gmpo de la Alianza de los Demócratas y Liberales por Europa (AL.DE).
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 8
Pag. 9
Los deseos independentistas chocan con una realidad: ni la UE ni ningun pais democràtico los ha apoyado pùblicamente. El Govern ha tratado de centrarse en la prensa, pero el editorial del FT fue terrible para sus intereses
Made in Catalonia
ALBERT MONTAGUT BARCELONA
A Sasha Polakow-Suransky, perio-dista de la sección de Opinion de The New York Times, no le tembló el pulso ante aquel articulo htulado / Have A Dream. Y a su autor, A r t u r Mas, entonces president de la Generalitat, no le quedó otra que aceptar el cambio de headline que le proponian: A referendum for Catalonia.
Las grandes cabeceras comò The New York Times o el Financial Times y los medios globales corno la C N N y la BBC han sido el refugio intema-cional por donde ha transitado el in-dependentismo después de fracasar en sus contactos d ip lomà t i cos y constatar que ningun lider europeo, ni uno solo, les ha recibido jamàs .
Si a està situación, de preocupan-te vacio, le ahadimos los continuos avisos de las mas altas instancias de la UE sobre la ilegalidad del proceso, es lògico que, ante este mavùscu lo desastre diplomàtico, la Generalitat se haya refugiado en los medios, las universidades, la emisión de newsletter, la movilización y la propaganda desde sus propias delegaciones en el extranjero para explicar sus planes. H Govem està presente en Bruselas. y también en Francia, Alemania, Italia, Portugal, Dinamarca y con ofìci-nas que abarcan EEUU, Canada y Mexico, y Reino Unido e Irlanda
Pese a una pretendida y frenètica actividad dip lomàt ica , j a m à s se ha explicado en el exterior cuàl es la oferta politica, econòmica, ciudada-na, europea y social que emergerla de una posible independencia y sus consecuencias para los ciudadanos. El debate se ha centrado siempre en la identidad y el derecho a votar. «Llegado el momento, ya veremos qué pasa», se dice desde el Govern.
Las dos ideas que prevalecen en el seno de la Generalitat son: no se
puede expulsar a 7,5 millones de
personas de la UE y la situación geo
politica de Cataluna y su futura apor-
tación es imprescindible para la UE.
En el debate internacional, efecti-
vamente, nadie ha escuchado la pos
tura de la Generalitat sobre importa-
ciones, exportaciones, aranceles, la
zona euro, las pensiones, el impacto
comercial, las fronteras, la inmigra-
ción, la educación o la defensa. Los
ciudadanos que apoyan el referèn
dum, mas alla de sentirse resarcidos
y espoleados con la propaganda y su
fuerte bofetada al Gobiemo de Rajoy,
parecen estar en el limbo.
Desde el obsesivo «no se puede
expulsar a 7,5 millones de personas
de la UE», hasta la confirmación del
presidente de la C o m i s i ó n , Jean-
Claude Juncker, de que la UE «no se
ra neutra en lo que respecta a los tra-
tados», el procés independentista an-
da por el alambre del funambulismo
sin sopesar los posibles danos cola-
terales del proceso si cae al vacio. Y
la vàlvula de escape han sido los me
dios. Con diferentes resultados.
LA HEMEROTECA Ahora, cuando ya es oficial que un hipotético nuevo Es-tado no seria reconocido por la UE y que los ciudadanos de ese nuevo pais se convertirian en parias, el repaso del discurso independentista en el escenario internacional arrqja ver-daderas perlas de hemeroteca.
Una de las mas inleresantes fue la intervención de Raul Romeva conse-ller de Asuntos Exteriores, cuando era candidato de Junts pel Si, en sep-tiembre de 2015 en el programa HardtaUt de la BBC. Estaba previsto que el interlocutor de Stephen Sackur, el duris imo conductor del programa, fuera Mas, pero Romeva le sustituyó en el ùltimo momento.
En YouTube puede verse el mal
rato que paso cuando quiso rebatir las palabras de Sackur: «La fuerza del argumento està en su contra y la legalidad constitucional es tà en su con t ra» . El politico, que refugió su nerviosismo y falta de argumentos en constantes y forzadas risotadas, se defendió diciendo que «una cosa es el territorio y otra, la gente; la UE no puede expulsar a Cataluna». Romeva, que nació en Madrid, fue eu-roparlamentario en representac ión de Iniciativa per Catalunya-Verds. Es economista y tiene 46 anos.
Con Mas fuera de la Generalitat y el Gobierno c a t a l à n con un nuevo presidente al frente, Carles Puigde-mont, el esfuerzo exterior continuò y sin limite de fondos pùblicos. El pre-supuesto de Romeva para este 2017 es de 64.059.887,23 euros.
Romeva recordó en enero que su departamento fue creado con un mandato claro: «Definir uno de los pilares bàsicos de la Repùbblica, la del Ministerio de un Estado, y poner los cimientos para que està nueva Repù-blica se construya abietta al mundo y sobre la base de la transparencia, la memoria y la participación».
Pero pese a ese esfuerzo econòmico, la agenda de Bruselas ha fallado, y con los ministros de Exteriores José Maria Garcia-Margallo, primero, y ahora Alfonso Dastis, martilleando sus agendas y sus pasos, la Genera-
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 3
litat ha constatatici los peores augu-rios para el Macie in Catalonia.
EL RECAMBIO Con un escenario internacional muy a la contra, Romeva traspasó la representación de la agenda exterior catalana al propio Puigdernont, a su vicepresidente, Oriol Junqueras, y a la presidenta del Parlament, Carme Forcadell, pero sus salidas tampoco fueron exitosas.
Puigdernont virò el sentido de su brujula y decidió enfocar todo su esfuerzo en EEUU. Sus reiterados via-jes al otro lado del Atlàntico sólo le sirvieron para comprobarque ni el Gobiemo norteamericano, ni la Fun-dación Carter, ni la Universidad de Harvard, ni el MIT o la ONU se to-maban el proyecto independentista en serio. Al otro lado del Atlàntico nadie creyó tampoco las tesis de Puigdernont de que los catalanes es-tàn igual de oprimidos que los afro-americanos en los anos 60.
Paises comò Lituania, que inicial-mente habian mostrado interés en el proyecto, dieron marcha atras adu-ciendo que su postura fue interpreta-da de forma «tendenciosa»; la Comi-sión de Venecia recordó por escrito a Puigdernont que el referèndum del 1-0 debe respetar la Constitución. Ningun representante del Gobiemo de Portugal asistió a la inauguración de la embajada catalana en Lisboa, ni tampoco los daneses fueron a la de Copenhague.
También han sido muy duras las palabras del nuevo presidente del Parlamento Europeo, Antonio Tajani -«cualquier acción contra la Constitución [espanola] es una acción contra la UE»-. Tajani, comò hizo su predecesor, el socialdemócrata ale-màn Martin Schultz, también se ha negado a recibir a Puigdernont.
Luego emergió la opinion del presidente de Francia, Emmanuel Ma-cron, quien se negò a opinar sobre el referèndum independentista, para especificar que Francia «sólo recono-cia un socio y un amigo. que es Esparia entera». Alemania también dijo la suya, pero la traca final la dio la pa-sada semana el Financial Times.
El prestigioso diario global basa-do en Londres, la biblia de las rela-ciones internacionales, las finanzas y la economia, publicó un terrible editorial para las aspiraciones inde-pendentistas con el titulo H referèndum de Cataluna no tiene base para crear un Estado, en el que se le-ia: «Cualquier proclamación de una Cataluna independiente careceria
de legifimidad politica». Para el diario, los argumentos legales, «favo-recen a las autoridades centrales es-panolas».
El Financial Times recordó que en las famosas eleccio-nes plebiscitarias del 27-S, los partidos in-dependentistas logra- 1
ron la mayoria parlamentaria, pero no la mayoria de los votos, por lo que «no habia base para acelerar el programa secesionis-ta». El rotativo ariadia: «Las negocia-ciones para mejorarel autogobiemo son el camino a seguir». The Econo-mist pidió a Puigdernont que se eche atràs «en su imprudente referèndum» y a Rajoy que negocie.
The Times recomendó el pasado jueves a Rajoy que autorizara el referèndum. El diario conservador brità-nico le exigia al presidente espahol una salida mas alla de lo que el editorial calificó de «represión». The Times consideraba la crisis «grave» y con serio peligro de «ruptura».
LA DIPLOMACIA El peso de la politica exterior de la conselleria recae bàsicamente en dos entes: el Consejo de Diplomacia Publica de Cataluna (Di-plocat) y en el Programa Eugeni Xammar. El primero se ha dedicado a la denominada diplomacia parlamentaria en Eslovenia, Dinamarca, Irlanda, Uruguay, Paraguay, EE UU, Bèlgica, Suecia, Finlandia, Noruega, Estonia, Suiza y Gran Bretana, mien-tras que el programa Eugeni Xammar ha centrado todos sus es-fuerzos en la prensa internacional.
Diplocat se creò en 2012 y forman parte de él 40 entidades, entre las que figuran la Generalitat, los cuatro principales ayuntamientos, las dipu-taciones, los sindicatos, La Caixa y el FC Barcelona, entre otras. Su presu-puesto para 2017 es de 2,32 millones.
La Generalitat financia el 95% de Diplocat, de ahi que la mayor parte del trabajo esté relacionado con las acciones exteriores del Govern. Es el organismo heredero del Patronat Català Pro Europa, que lideró el convergente Carles Gasòliba, y del posterior Patronat Catalunya Món, que impulsò Ro-ser Clavell desde los tripartitos de Maragall y Mondila.
La idea de crear un organismo de este tipo fue de Jordi Pujol, antes de que la Generalitat tuviera una dele-gación y un representante propios en Bruselas, con la finalidad de in
fluir, transmitir la idea de Cataluna en el exterior y estar cerca de la toma de decisiones en la UE.
Pese a tratarse de una entidad autònoma del gobierno catalàn, y ac-tuar de forma independiente, Diplocat està intimamente coordinada con los departamentos de Presidènciay el de Asuntos Exteriores. El secretano general de Diplocat es Albert Ro-yo, un joven licenciado en Ciencias Politicas y con mucha experiencia en temas comunitarios.
Paia desarrollarsus funciones, Diplocat cuenta con todas las herra-mientas para potenciar Cataluna, pero dado que el Govern ya tiene orga-nismos dedicados a la economia, la educación o la cultura, Diplocat se ha centrado en la diplomacia parlamentaria y en explicar por qué los catalanes quieren votar.
Diplocat ha contado con ayudas de todo tipa Una de las mas singula-res fue la contratación de lndepen-dent Diplomats, una organización con sede en Londres creada por ex diplomàticos con la pretensión de aconsejar a paises sin recursos a ca-minar bacia sistemas democràticos.
En paratelo a Diplocat, la Generalitat cuenta con el apoyo del denomi-nado Programa Eugeni Xammar, cu-yo responsable es Joan Maria Piqué, el dircom de Artur Mas en el Govem y una de las figuras mas activas del proceso y el entramado de redes so-ciales de los soberanistas.
Eugeni Xammar fue un periodista barcelonés que actuó corno corres-ponsal de diarios espanoles en el periodo de entreguerras y llegó a entre-vistar a Hitler después de su intento de golpe de Estado de 1923.
Mientras Diplocat se encarga de la diplomacia, los esfuerzos del programa Eugeni Xammar se dirigen hacia la prensa internacional, donde la Generalitat ha conseguido importantes logros y cosechado severas criticas.
Durante los dos ùltimos anos, Diplocat ha informado sobre el proceso a decenas de embajadores, y el hecho de que ese trabajo, intenso, de concienciación, no se haya traducido en visitas de Estado o entrevistas con lideres europeos se justifica, en palabras de Albert Royo, secretarlo general de Diplocat. en que «no hay go-biemos que quieran enemistarse con
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 4
Esparia para dar apoyo a una región, cuya demanda es legitima, pero cu-yo futuro aun es incierto».
A C O M O D A C I O N P R A G M À T I C A ' En pa-labras de Royo, «el Gobiemo espafiol nos manda dos amenazas que son incompatibles en sus propios térmi-nos: 'Espana nunca reconocerà una Cataluna independiente' y 'el dia en que Cataluna declare la independen-cia, automàticamente quedarà fuera de la UE'. Mientras Espafia no reco-nozca una Cataluna independiente, seguirà considerandola parte del Reino de Espana y, automàticamente, parte de la UE. Se produce la pa-radoja de que, para que Espana pue-da expulsar a Cataluna de la UE, an-tes debe reconocerla».
«El dia en que Espana reconozca al Estado catalàn, las instifuciones europeas y los paises europeos que aùn no lo hayan reconocido no ten-dràn ningun reparo en hacer el paso. Ese reconocimiento, que habrà sido resultado de una negociación politica, abrirà la puerta a una acomoda-ción pragmàtica de Cataluna en el marco comunitario, por que eso sera
en el interés de todas partes: catalanes, espanoles y europeos», dice.
Royo habla de una transición y de que, durante ese periodo, segiin él, el primer interesado en que se mantenga el mercado ùnico, la aplicarión de la legislación europea y la libertad de movimientos sera la propia UE. El responsable de Diplocat aseguró que el vado internacional no ha sido total. «Ha habido pronunciamientos en algunos parlamentos, corno en el de Dinamarca, donde se ha pedido el diàlogo. Estamos en un momento de conocimiento de nuestra realidad y no de reconocimiento», dijo.
Sobre las elecciones plebiscitarias de 2015, considera que «el resultado se tradujo en una mayoria indepen-dentistas en el Parlament y el Govern ha cumplido el mandato de los ciudadanos, la via unilateral es la ùnica que nos han dejado, nos han sacado fuera del marco constitucio-nal al hacer una interpretación res-trictiva de la misma, no hay articulos que prohiban un referèndum, y la respuesta, a diferencia de la que hu-bo en Escocia y Quebec, ha sido falsamente legalista, judicial y policial».
Desde Diplocat justifican también que no haya observadores de la Pun-dación Carter o de la ONU argumen-tando que este tipo de organizacio-nes no acude a un pais sino tiene el permiso del Gobiemo centrai, «y por eso no han querido participai; lo que es hasta cierto punto lògico»
Muchos han hablado sobre la politica internacional de la Generalitat, pero pocos con el conocimiento del ex ministro de Asuntos Exteriores, el catalàn Josep Piqué. Hace unos dias, durante la presentación del libro Es-cucha, Cataluna. Escucha, Espana (Editorial Perànsula): «Si uno se cie-rra a su propio minimalismo, pier-de toda capacidad de proyección exterior. El ejemplo es Barcelona. Si lo que se pretende es reducirla a ser la capital de Cataluna, pierde la mayor parte de su fuerza, que se desarrolla en relación con toda Espana, Europa y el mundo».
El Govern jamàs ha explicado en el exterior las consecuencias de una secesión
La Consejeria de Exteriores tiene para 2017 un presupuesto de 64 millones
La estrategia se sostiene sobre Diplocat y un programa para la prensa extranjera
Diplocat cree que la UE acabara haciendo una 'acomodación pragmàtica'
Pag. 5
Tiratura: 229.741 Diffusione: 156.172 Lettori: n.d. Dir. Resp.: David Jiménez
Servizi di Media Monitoring
Sezione: STAMPA ESTERA, RASSEGNA ESTERA Foglio: 1/1Estratto da pag.: 26
Edizione del: 25/09/17
Peso: 23%181-116-080
Il pr
esen
te d
ocum
ento
è a
d us
o es
clus
ivo
del c
omm
itten
te.
Bassa qualità
60
LUC MATHIEU Envoyé special à Erbil et Souleymanieh
L e stade d'Erbil n'est plus qu'un immense drapeau kurde. Il est partout, dans
toutes les mains, brandi en éten-dard au bout de longues tiges de bois, porte en fanion par des en-
fants, peint sur les joues d'adoles-cents, enroulé autour de la taille de jeunes femmes. Les tribunes, la pelouse, la piste d'athlétisme qui l'en-serre, tout disparaìt sous ces trois bandes rouge, bianche et verte tra-versées d'un soleil iaune. Plus de 25000 personnes se sont
rassemblées vendredi pour accla-mer Massoud Banani, président du Kurdistan irakien, région qui aspire à devenir un Etat. Les supporteurs les plus prévoyants étaient arrivés dès 13 heures, malgré les 40°C et
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 2
une ombre que l'on cherchait en vain. Quatre heures plus card, lors-que Barzani est monte sur l'estrade, ils ont hurlé, chanté, applaudi, soufflé dans des cornes de brume en plastique. «Nous avons daix choix, l'indépendance ou la soumission. Le referendum n'estplus entre mes mains ni entre celles despartis, il est entre vos mains. [...] Ceserait une hnnte del'annuler», a assuré lediri-geant kurde. La foule a acciaine ; le scrutin se déroulera, cornine prévu, celundi.
MAINMISE Hussein et Ali n'ont pas été au stade vendredi. Comme chaque jour, les deux frères de 20 et 24 ans sont restés dans leur petite épicerie d'An-kawa, le quartier chrétien d'Erbil. Originaires d'un village kurde proche de l'Iran, ils ont grandi à Bagdad, la capitale irakienne. Ils
l'ont quittée il y a trois ans, usés par les violences et les attentats. «Tous les Kundes sont pour l'indépendance, mais ce referendum m'inquiète, Per-sonne ne sait ce qui va se passer après. Tous les pays voisins sont cantre et nous menacent, ca peut mal toumer», dit Hussein. Les deux frères ont déjà observé un ef-fet du scrutin annoncé : leur épicerie marche moins bien. Les ventes baissent, les fournisseurs augmen-tent les prix et ne font plus crédit. «Ils ont pettrde ne pas revoirleurar-gent. Ils font ca avec tous les com-mercants du quartier», dit Ali. Le referendum sur l'indépendance divise le Kurdistan irakien et ses 8 millions d'habitants. Pas la question elle-mème, les Kurdes ré-clament leur Etat depuis un siècle et la fin de l'Empire ottoman. Ils ont subi déportations, massacres et bombardements à l'arme chimique. Ils ont été victimes de retourne-ments d'alliances et de trattrises, en proie parfois aussi à des luttes
intestines. Alors lundi, sauf report de dentière minute, le «oui» l'em-portera. La plupart des opposants s'abstiendront. Mais ils continue-ront de penser que la période n'est pas propice, que les conditions politiques et économiques ne sont
pas réunies. Ils crai-gnent que Massoud Barzani, connu pour
son autoritarisme et son fonction-nement clanique, n'impose encore
plus sa mainmise sur la région. Ils auraient voulu attendre, s'assurer du soutien de la communauté in-ternationale et obtenir des garan-ties de l'Etat irakien. Les partisans du «oui» affirment qu'il ne sert à rien de reporter le vote et que les conditions idéales ne seront jamais réunies. Autant se lancer et voi r après. C'est donc ce qu'a répété Barzani, dimanche, lors d'une conférence de presse: «Le 25 septembre, les gens vont voler. Que sepassera-t-il le26?On verrà.» Vendredi, dans le stade d'Erbil, capitale regionale et fief de son mouvement, le Parti démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK), il avait déjà été très explicite: «Je suis prct à négocier avec Bagdad. Mais désonnais, après le 25 septembre, ceserà trop lard.» La foule avait applaudi. Barzani n'ama donc pas plié. Depuis qu'il a annoncé début juin la tenue du vote, il a encaissé des pressions d'abord polies, puis de plus en plus mena-cantes. A l'exception d'Israel, la quasi-totalité de la communauté internationale s'y est opposée. Les Nations unies, les Etats-Unis et le Royaume-Uni n'ont cesse de demander un report pour éviter d'affaiblir la lutte contre l'Etat islamique et de compliquer encore un peu plus la question des ré-fugiés. Jeudi, le Conseil de sécu-rité de l'ONU s'est dit «très pré-occupéface àia décision unilaterale du gouvernement régional du Kurdistan».
«ÉQUILIBRES SENSIBT.ES» La Turquie et l'Iran, deux pays voisins où vivent d'importantes mino-rités kurdes, sont bien plus agres-sifs. Vendredi, Ankara a qualifié le vote de «geste illégitime et inaccep-table». Devant le Parlement, le ministre de la Défense ture, Nurettin Canikli, l'a compare à «une brique» qui, si elle est enlevée, peut faire s'effondrer «une striicturc bàlie sur des équilibres scnsibles et fragiles», jusqu'à provoquerun conflit glo-bal. Plus prosaiquement, l'armée turque enchatne les manceuvres à la frontière irakienne depuis une semaine. Des sanctions, blocus ou intervention militane, sont à l'étude. A la demande du gouvernement de Bagdad, Tehèran a par ailleurs annoncé dimanche qu'il interdisait
jusqu'à nouvel ordre tous les vols avec le Kurdistan irakien. Il n'exclut pas non plus d'annuler les accords de sécurité passés avec Erbil. Si la Turquie et l'Iran s'entendaient sur un blocus, le Kurdistan, qui importe la quasi-totalité de ses denrées ali-mentaires, serait étouffé. Mais le plus menacant reste l'Irak. Furieux que les Kurdes tentent de faire «sécession», le Premier ministre, Hai'dar al-Abadi, a déclaré qu'il était prèt à une riposte militaire. Les discussions n'ont pour autant jamais cesse. Samedi, unedélégation kurde s'est ren-due une nou-velle fois à Bagdad. La veille, l'un des dir i-geants les plus puissants de la région, le general ira-nien Qassem Solei-manì, chef des Garcliens de la revolution, était à Souleymanieh pour «avertir les responsoblcs kurdes que l'Iran est sérieusement Iws-tilelati referendum! et les nmtreen garde afin qu'ilsy renoncent», selon une source kurde citée par l'AFP. Il était aussi à Erbil le lendemain «pour un dernier avertisscment». Mercredi, c'est le président irakien, Fouad Massoum, qui est alle à Souleymanieh pour rencontrer Massoud Barzani. «lei, quanti il est minuti moins clnq, il n'est pas minuti, tout peut arriver jusqu'au dernier moment, assure un diplomate Occidental. Et mémesi le vote a lieu, il faudra voirensuitecomment Userà applique. Cela prenditi cncorcdcs mais au grand minimum, voiredes années de négociations.» Dimanche, Massoud Barzani s'est dit prét à discuter: «Nous sommes prèts à avoir un long processus de dialogue après le referendum, un alt, deux ans. Si nous voyons que les discussions sont constructives, nouspourrons leur donnerplus de temps.» Pour autant, les discussions achoppaient sur le ménte point : les Kurdes exigeaient des garanties et une date précise pour la tenue du vote avant d'accepter de le décaler.
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 3
«Les promesses ne nous suffisent plus. Nous voulons une garantie écrite et un processus supervìsépalla communauté intcrnationale. C'est termine, nous ne vivrons plus cri Irak cornine les domestiques de Bagdad», assurait i l y a quelques jours le conseiller du gouvernement kurde, Abdulrahmaii Nouri. Mais le Premier ministre irakien a répété qu'il était oppose à tout referendum, «aujourd'hui ou dans lefutur, qu'il se tiennedans la région du Kurdistan, dans les front ières de 2003 ou dans les zones disputàes». Ces zones, réclamées à la fois par Bagdad et Erbil, constituent l'un des prìncipaux risques d'embrasement. Depuis 2014 et la guerre contre l'Etatislamique, el lessesontéten-dues. Le Kurdistan s'est agrandi. Ses coni batta nts, les peshmergas, ont lutté contre les jihadistes, notam-ment dans la plaine de Ninive et les monts Sinjar, à la frontière syrien ne. Ils ont aussi profité de la débandade de l 'armée irakienne en 2014 à Kirkouk, où se concentrent 40% des réserves de brut de l'Irak, pour s'y imposer.
«De tonte notre histoire, nous n'avons jainais contrólé autant de territoire. Le Kurdistan irakien s'étend désormais des monts Sinjar lei l'ouestljusqu'à Kìianaqin [à Vestì, en passant par Kirkouk. Mais avec
ce referendum, nous risquons de penlre ce que nous avonsgagné avec la guerre contre Daech. C'est une
erreur enorme», affirme l'and a i président du Parle-
ment Youssef Mohammed.
Cet homme est l 'un des plus farouches oppo-sants de Mas-soud Barzani. I l y a deux ans,
alors que le mandai du Président
* arrivait à terme, i l a d e m a n d é la tenue
d'élections. Barzani a refusé et gagné deux ans au pouvoir. Youssef Mohammed, lui, a été chassé d'Erbil. Il vit depuis à Souleyma-nieh, place forte du mouvement laì'c Gorran, dont i l est issu, et de l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan, parti rivai du PDK de Barzani.
«LIRRATIONNEL RÈGNE» Dans son élégant bureau aux murs blancset aux meubles clairs, i l fus-tige un vote «illégitime». «Rieti n'a étéfalt da ns les règles. Les institu-tions ne fonctionnent paset les lois ne sont pus appliquées. La consé-quence est que le resulta t de ce referendum serafalble et pourra ètre conteste, aussi bien iciau Kurdistan qua l'extérieur. C'est d'autant plus
grave que ce vote est essentiel pour notre futur, c'est le destili de notre peuple qui se joue.» Ce mercredi, Youssef Mohammed espérait en-core un report : «Ce serait le plus logique. Mais i'irrationnel rógne. Tout repose sur la volonté d'une seule personne, celle de Massoud Barzani.» Dans un café historique chi centre-ville de Souleymanieh aux murs recouverts de photos de peshmergas morts au combat, d'intel-lectuels et de héros de la cause kurde, Mohammed, un manceuvre de 56 ans aux cheveux rares, ne dit pas autre chose. «Ce sont les partisans de Barzani qui veulent ce vote. Mais ce n'est vraiment pas le bon moment, la Turquie et l'Iran nous menacent et nos partis politiques ne sont pas d'accord. Il nefaut pas chercher à provoquer de nouveaux affrontements. Ori a eu assez de gucrres camme ca.» Quelques heures plus tard, dans le stade de la ville, plus de 20000 personnes se réunissa ient pour acclamer Massoud Barzani et sa promesse de referendum. •
Le referendum pour l'indépendance de la région
irakienne doit se tenir ce Yundi. Les Kurdes, bien que favorables
à l'autodétermination, s'inquiètent des représailles de ses voisins irakiens, turcs et iraniens.
L'fllf IS D'HENRI LECLERC «Nous sommes en face d'un peuple incontestable dont on refuse depuis plus d'un siècle de reconnaì t re ses droits à disposer d'un Etat. On l'a éclaté et d isséminé dans plusieurs pays et p e n s é que l'on éradiquerait l 'idée nationale. Mais c'est quelque chose de fort et qui resiste à tout. Le prob lème n'est pas résolu parce que les Kurdes veulent avoir une nation et que quasiment tous les pays, sauf Israel, souhaitent l'en empècher . Certes. cela c rée un
problème géopoli t ique. Mais pour la m è m e géopoli t ique, on se sert beaucoup d'eux, en Irak ou en Syrie. Je suis d'une generation qui a connu l 'autodétermination de peuples dont on disait que c 'étaient des terroTistes. Ils l'ont obtenue. Mais les Kurdes sont les maudits de la géopolitique.»
Ritaglio stampa ad uso esclusivo del destinatario
Pag. 4
Pag. 5
