\NMO ANN S~

41

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

1954

WMO· N° 41. RP. 181

Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization - Geneva - Switzerland 1955

FOREWORD

1.1

1.1.1

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.1.4

1.1.5

1.1.6

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.2

1.2.3

1.2.4

102.5

1.2.6

102.7

1.2.8

1.2.9

1.2010

1.3

CONTENTS

MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN WMO PROGRAMME ........ ~ ................. " ... "._ .... _._ ..... " ... ~._ .......... ,,; ......... _._ .. w ... _ .................. ".

Ge ne r a 1 ................ : ............ " .. " ............................................................................................................. , ......................................................... " ............... , ........ ~ .... , ........... "

Technical development ...... " .................................................. :" .................. , ................... ~ ................................................. " ................ " ................. .

In forma t i on Se rv i ce ............................ "' .................................... ,,"' ................................. , .................... " ....................... -........ ~ ............. - .......... ..

T e c hni cal As sis t a nce ... ~ .............................. · .... n •• " ...... "."'" .. * ........... " ............... " .................. " ............ "' ... " ... _._ ... ~ .. , ......... "'"' ..... n ..... " .. •

Ext erna 1 re 1 at i ons ." ......................................................................................... ~ ....... "' ...... " .......... " .. "" ........ ,. ..... ,.~ .. "'~ .. ~." .......... ~ ..................... .

Pro s pe c t s ..... , ............................................ , ............................ " .......................................... :.;" ........................................... I ............ , ......... , ......... ~ ............................ ..

RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED NATIONS-CO-OPERATIVE PROJECTS.~ ...... M ................. ~.

Convention on Privileges and Immunities of the . Sp e cia 1 i zed Ag e n c i e s ......... ~ ............................................................ _ .... · ....... m'~"' • ............. " ................................. _ ........... ~" ...... " •• " ... '"' .... , ....... ~

Relations with the General Ass~mbly, the Economic and Social Council and the Subsidiary bodies of the Co u nc i 1 .................. , .. , ......................... , .......................................... : .................. , ..................................... " ............ , .. , .... , ........................... , .................................... .

Relations with the Administrative Committee on Co-o rd i na t ion and its Subs i d i a ry Bod i e s ... " ............................ ~ .... ~ .................... u ... __ • .. ~· ... _~._ ... _ ...... " .......... ..

Relations with the Secretariat of the Uni ted Nations." ...................................... ~ ..... .

Working arrangement between WMO and the Technical Assistance Administration of the Uni ted Nations~ ....... _ ........... _._." ................ _" ........ ,. ..

Wa t e r re sou r c e s ................................................. ~ ................................................ ~ .............................. _._ ....... _ .... _ ... _ ...... _ ......... " ..... h ..... ~ .. ~ .. _ .. _ ....... .

Statistical study of temperatures ................ " ............................ "' ............................................. HO .............. • .................... .

Participation in the United Nations Joint Staff Pen s ion Fund ...... ".u ................................................. , ........... ~ ... , ....................................................................... " ................. " .......... " .. " .. " ........... " ... ".~ ...... ~ ..

Common Services in Geneva ..................................................................................................................................... , ............................. .

Admi n i s t rat i veT ri bu na 1 ."." ...................................... ft .... ~. __ ...................... m ........... • " ..... ~~ ........... _._"' ...... w ... , ....... "' .... _ ...... _ .. u .. , ...

RELATIONS AND CO-OPERATIVE PROJECTS WITH OTHER SPECIALIZED AGENCIES, INTER-GOVERNMENTAL AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL INTERN-AT IONAL ORGANIZATIONS ...................................................................................... " ............ ,." ......... _ .. " ...... ~""." ... "" ................... ~~ .. _ ...... ~_ .. "

I

3

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

6

7

7

7

7

8

8

8

8

8

International Civil Aviation Organization ........................................................................................ _......... 8

II

1.3.2

1.3.3

1.3.4

1.3.5

1.306

1.3.7

1.4

1.5

1.5.1 to

1.5.5

1.5.6 to

1.5012

CONTENTS

Pag~

Uni ted Nations Food and Agricul ture Organization ...... n .. , .......................... ~ ...... " ........ " ...... _ 9

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultur-al Organization ............... , ........................................................ ~ ........ " .................................................... ,,, ......................... "........................................ 11

International Telecommunication Union ............................... " ............................................... n ..... ,....................... 12

World Heal th Organization ........................... " .... ~ .............. " ............................. :: .............. , ... " .................... , ....... : ........................... ;".. 13

International Labour Organization " ..................... _ ............ _" ...... _ ........................ ..-.""" ........ y ............ _,............... 13·

Inter-governmental organizations outside United Nations ............ ,.................... 13

Non-governmental international organizations 'I'tP ....... ,01:\» "1!ta.._.,'.a. .......... .lp .' .... 1 U. p", .. ..... ~ ... _.- .................... _ ..... 11M'" ........ ..,.. ___ ...

International Union for Geodesy and Geophysics ......... _ ..................... " .............. y .................... ' 13 Consultative status of non-governmental organizations ........ _ .... _ ..... Nn ........ "'.· '14

REPRESENTATION AT MEETINGS OF OTHER INTERNATIONAL o RGANI ZAT IONS IN 19 54 .......................... ~ .. ~ ......... " .................. ~ ........... " .. ~ ........... " ......... "'''."_ ........ _ .. _ ..... _._~ .. u ....... _ .. _ .. ".H ......... '...... 14

ACTION TAKEN ON GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL RECOMMENDATIONS .... ~._ ...... ; ............... _." ..................... ~ .. _."_.u_" •. _,, ............... _...:._~."".............. 19

Resolutions of the Gen~ral Assembly ._ ............................ "'"" ..... , ............................ "._, .. ,.................................. 19

Resoluti.ons of the Economic and Social CounciL ............................................... _ ...... _....... 20

1.6 ACTION TAKEN OR CONTEMPLATED IN IMPLEMENTATION OF UN/WMO AGREE ME NT' ....... " ..... , ............................................................. " ...... ""._ .... rl .................... "" ................... __ ...................... _ ...... _........... 22

107 LIST OF MEETINGS OF CONSTITUENT BODIES HELD OR CO NTEMPLA TED ...................................... ~ ................................................... H .... " .. ~ ........ _ ............ m ..... " .............. _ ................ ~,k .. ~ ............ ~._ ....... "'................. 23

2.1 RATIFICATIONS OF THE WOHLD METEOROLO(jICAL .CONVENTION AND ACCE SSIONS ................................ ~._ ..... , .. _ ..................... _ ........... , ....... U __ ... ~ .... _._._._ .. _ ..... _ ....... , .. _ ..... " ....... _ ........ ~ .. _.... 25

2. 2 APPLICA~rIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP ..... , ............................................................................. _ ..................... , ........... , ..... ,~"'"" ..... " .............. " 26

203

2.4

2.5

2.5.1

2.502

2.5.3

2.5.4

2.5.5

2.5.6

2.601

2.602

20603

206.4

2.6.5

20606

CONTENTS III

Paqe

PERMANE NT REPRE SENT AT IVE S ......................... ~ ................... " ........... _ ..... " ............ _ ......... _ .. _,~ .... _ .... __ ._~ ....... _ .... _._ .. _......... 27

EXECUTIVE COMJ'VIITTEE ............ ...... _ ................................................................................. _ ..................... · ............... _ ... _ .... _ .... _ ... _ .. R ... _..... 28

Regional Association I ( !-\ f ric a ) .................................................................. _ ................. _ ... __ .................... ".. .. 28

Regional Association II (As i a ) ........................ ~ ........ __ ........ ~ ............. _ .. ~ .... ~ ........ _._ .......... __ ......... _....... 28

Regional Association III ( Sout h Arne ri c a ) ................................ ,,_u ...... _ •• __ .. ' u .... __ " ... __ ......... 29

Regional Association IV (North and Central America )._ ....................... _........ 29

Regional Association V (South-West Pacific ) ... : ..................... _ ... ~ .. " ......... _._ ...... ~,;... .. . 29

Regional Association VI (Europe ). ......................................................... _ ..................... _._ ......................... _........ 29

TECHNICAL COMMI SSIONS ........... "' ............. .................................................................. " ............... _ .................. _ .......... _ ............. _.................... 30

Commission for Aerology (CAe) .... · .... , .. _· .. _ .. · .................. _ ......... · __ .. ·_· ..... __ ...... _ ... ·_ ....... m_ ...... _ . . ......... - 30

Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM} .. ~ ... ~ ....... - .... n ... ~-.--."~." ... " ..... _ ....... w. 30

Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM), ..................... _ ............. _._ ..... _........ 30

Commission for Bibliography and Publications (CBP ) ................ _ ....... _._ .. __ ....... 31

Commi s s ion for C 1 ima to 1 og Y (CC 1 ) .... ..................... " .................... " ... _ ..... ,,~ ... __ .... __ ." ...... _. __ .... _._........ 31

Commission for Instruments and Methods of o bs e rva t ion ( C I NO ) ........................................................................................... _ ......... "_ .......................... _ ........... _ ... _ .. _. ____ ... ~ 31

Commission for Maritime Meteorology (CMM) ..................................................... ___ ..... _._.............. 32

Commission for Synoptic Meteorology (CSM) .............................. _ .... _ ....... _._ ...................... M_ ..... _.. 32

PART_3_- QUEST~ONS CONCERNING THE CONVENTION AND THE REGULATIONS OF THE ORGANIZATION - .

3.1 REVISION OF THE CONVENTION AND GENERAL REGULATIONS ____ .. ___ . ~H""" 33

3 0 2 RESULTS OF ENQUIRIES CARRIED OUT AMONGST MEMBERS BY THE SECRETARIAT DURING 1953 AND 1954 ......................... __ .... _ .. _. __ .... ,, __ .. _ .. ""'._. ___ ... __ ........ 33

3 c 3 REVISION OF THE FINANCIAL REGULATIONS ......... ~ .. _ .... ~ __ .~ .. __ .... ___ . __ . __ " __ .. 34

IV CONTENTS

EART 4 - EXTERNAL RELATIONS .

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.301

4.3.2

4.3.3

4.3.4

4.3.5

RELATIONS WITH NON-MEMBER COUNTRIES ........ ...................... " ............................................ ~"." ...... " .. ~ .. " ...... "...... 35

PUBLIC INFORMATION SERVICES ..... ............................. ............................................ -.............. " .......... _._._ .. ~ ... _ ............... _........... 36

V:Jr itt e n in forma t ion ........................ -...... -.. -......... -......... ~ ............................. _ ................. _ .. _._ ....................... _ ......... _....... 36

Vis ua 1 in forma t ion. .. ........... _ ....... _ .. · ............... · ....................................... · ........ w_._ .. _ .......... _._._ .... _._ ............... ~._._"_._._... 36

Oral information ............................................... ~ ............ -._ ..................................................... _ ... _M .... _ ...... _ ........ _ .............. " ................ _ .. ~. 37

T ec hni cal ass is t ance .... -.... ".-..... "-......... ~.--........ - ................... -....... ___ ... __ ....... _ ... _._.~ .. __ .. _ .. _..... 37

Enquiry regarding meteorological films .-.-....... -.-................... "' ......... _ .... _. ___ ............ 38

PART 5 - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

5. 1 REGULAR PROGRAMME .- ..... " .. - ......................... " ......... ~ ........ " ... - .. - ........ - ..................... -.~ ............. __ .. ____ .......... _ ...... ,~ .... " ... " .. _ .~. 39

5.1.1 Projects implemented .......... ~_ ... " .. " ............. _ .......... _ ................ _ .......... _._."" ... _~ __ ._.~ ..... oow __ .~.~ ____ ..... _..... 39

5.102 Second financial period ......... ~.~." ....................... ,i .. ~ .... __ ........ _ ........... ~ ................................................. _ ... ____ ..... _. . 40

5.2 EXPANDED PROGRAI\1ME ............................................................................................... " ... " ... oo ..... ".~"._. __ .......... _ ... ... __ "........ ..................... 41

5.2.1 Brief resume of the UN Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance as a whole .......................................................................................... _ ................... _ .... _ ........ ,.. .. ___ . __ ........... '" 41

5.202 New system of financial management and altered status o f WMO .......... ........................................ , ............................ _ .......................... ........................ ................. ........... _ .............. w .... _ .... _ ...... _............................................ 42

5.2.3 Prog ramme ev'a 1 ua t i on ..................................... _ ................ _ ......... ...-... _ .................. _ ....... ~_ ...... _._._. __ ..... _._ .. ". __ .~, 42

5.2.4 Technical Assistance meetings ...... _ ............ _ .............. _ .. _ ... __ ._.n_ .... _ ..... __ ..... __ .. _ ... _ 44

5.205 Relationship with the United Nations Technical Assist-a nc e J\dmi n is t rat ion · .... _ ........ _ ......... _ .. N ....... __ . ...... "._ ....... _ .... _ ... ~ ... _ .. ft._.on_ • __ ........ ____ .... _ .•. _ ......... _.... 44

502.6 WMO programmes · .......... · .............. · ............ M .... _ . .................................... __ ....... . __ ............. "" ............ ~~ ....... ~._ ... ~_ ... " . .......... ~ ......... ~ ............ n.... 45

5.2.6.1 1954 Programme .. __ ........ _ .................... "" .................. _ .............. "' ............ ___ ... _ ....... ~ .................. ~ .... "m ....... _._u .. ""~ ____ ........ ·• 47

5.2.6.2 1955 Prog ramme ... _.' .... _ .. OH ........ __ .......... _ ... ___ ... • .. " .......... . ........... • ... _.~ .. _ ...... __ ." .... " ... ___ • __ ...... " ... _____ .w .. __ .. ___ 50

5.2 .. 6.3 1956 Programme ....... ............................................ _ .............. _ ................ ..-.............. ,... ....... _ .. _ .... _ .. __ ._ .... _ ..... ~ .. __ .. ___ .. ..,... 52

5 • 2. 6. 4 Libya .. .. ................. " .............. "._ ............ _ .... "' ............. _ ... ~ .... " .... _ ... " .......... _._ .. ......... __ .... " ... ___ ......... _ .. ___ ._ ... _ ....... M ... ___ ......... . . 52

50'2 .. 6. 5 Bo nu s all 0 cat ions ..... ~ ..... _ ................................... _ .... _ ..... ~ ............ _ ..... " .. __ .. _, .. __ ............... __ ._ ................ ___ ... 54

5.2.606

5.2.6.7

5.206 .. 8

5.2.6.9

5.206.10

502.6.11

6.2

6.2.1

602.2

6.2.3

6.2.4

6.205

6.2.6

6.207

602.8

6.2.9

6.2.10

602011

6 0 2.12

6.3

6.3'01

60302

6.303

CONTENTS

Addi tional proj ects for 1955 ..................................................................... ,,, ............ " ........ "' ............... - .... -,,~ .. " ..

Rep 0 rt s ............................................. " ........ , .... " ......... ,,"" .. __ ............. " ........................................ __ .". __ ....... " .... , ... no .. _ •••.......... _m ..... _._n" ...... _ .. " A v ail a b i 1 i t Y 0 f e xp e rt s .... ~ ........... ,,~ .. _ ........ ~ ..... on ................... : .................... " ..... ~ .. ~ •.............. _ ........ H~ __ ..... _~.~ ... " .... "' .. ..

Relationship with other Agencies in the technical ass i s t a.n c e fie 1 d ................... ..., .... " .... m ..................... " ........ "" ................................... " ........ _ ... ~ ............. h •••• _ ............ _ ... n ........ _w" .. " .. .

In forma t ion bro c hu re ............... " ........................................ ~_ .............. n ••• "_."" .. ~ .................. ..-..... _ .......... ,,, ...... __ ...

National and European Technical Assistance Co mm itt e e s ................................................................................... , ......... , ......................... " ...... "" ...... _ ...................... _ ... ____ ~ ............... _ .. _ ...... "

GE NE HAL ........................................... " ........................... ," ....................... " ....... _ .... _ ......... _ ... _.~ .... , .... __ ........................... _ .... _" ... ,,~ ............................ .

SPECIAL PROJECTS AND QUEST IONS OF COMMON INTERES1. .. " ......... ~ .. ~ ... n".""' ..... " ...

T e c hni cal Regu 1 at i 0 ns .......................... _ ................................................. , .............. "~.~ ........... _ ...... "." ..... __ " .. " ...... ".,, .. , ... ..

International Cloud Atlas ................................................ ., ......... _ ........................ __ ..... _'" ...... ~._ ..... ,,,_ ... _ ..... ...

World maps of thunderstorm activi ty ........................................... , .......................... " .... _._ ................ ..

Arid zone :cesearch and cleve lopment , .... _ .. ~ ............. _ ........ , ................................................................... , ..

Studies of sources and utilization of wind energy. ............... __ ................. ..

I nt e rna t ion a 1 Ge 0 p hys i cal Yea r ............. _" ... " ..... " .... ~ .. ___ ... _ .................. 8 .. _ ......... .:.,.~. ___ ..... _ ... _ •• ~'"

International Meteorological Insti tute , ... _ ..... ~ __ ........ _ .. "" ....... _._." ...... , .. ___ ........ " .... ".

CLlMAT pub 1 i cat ion .......................... , .......... , ....................................... _._ ..... "n .......... " .................. _ ..... , .. _ ............. __ " .. w ....... , .... ..

Aircraft icing ......................................................................................................................................................................... , .. " .......... " ......... ...

Arti ficial inducement of precipitation ........ _._.~' .... n .... ~ ... ___ ... w .. _" .. _~ __ ._

Water resource development ............................................ M ............................. " .... " ................... 'T""" ...... - •• "" .......... ~ ...... .

International Meteorological Tables ....... _ ... ~ .......... " ................. _ ................. _ .. " ............ d ........ _., ..... ..

ACTIVITIES IN VArIOUS FIELDS OF Iv1ETEOHOLOGY ....... "" ....... ~ .... ~ .......... m ... ~ ......... " ........ .

Ge ne r a 1 ....... ~ ................................................................... n ................. ~; .. "' .. , ....................... ~ .............. ~ .. M'"" ... ~ ....... _,;,. .. , ... _." .... ; .. _ ...... n •• ~ ......... _~.

Guide to Meteorological Library Practice ..... " ....................................... ~.ff ..................... " ...... ..

UI"J.i versal Decimal Classi fication ... , ............................................. ~ ........... , ... " ..... _ ....... ~ ..... _ ........... _ ... ~ .... ..

Eage

54

54

54

54

55

55

55

57

57

57

58

58

59

59

60

60

61

62

62

62

63

63

63

63

63

v

VI

6.3.4

6.3.5

6.3.6

6 .. 3.7

6.3 .. 8

6.3.9

603.10

603.11

6.3.12

6.3u13

6.3014

6.3.15

6.3.16

6.3017

603.18

6.3019

6.3,,20

6.3.21

6.3022

6 .. 3.23

6.3.24

603025

6.3.26

6.3.27

CONTENTS

E.xchange of documents .......... ; .... " ............................ "" .... "." ... " ...................... ,," ............................ " ..... ·· ..... w"................................. 64

Ge ne r a 1 ........... , ............................ , .............................. " ................ " ............... ;~ .. " .......................................................... ~_ .. _ ............. _ .. "."" .................. ~ .. " 64

Gu ide· ........................ " ........................................................................................ " ...... ~ .......................... _ .... _ ...... _ ...... _" ............. " .. " .... "_ ........ ~ ...... "'_............... 64

Rad i at i 0 n ........................................ " ................................................................... , .............. ;; ......................................... " .......................... " ............... ,............ 64

Ba rome t ry ........ " ...... , .......... ~ ............... : ........................................ , ....................... , ... ~ ............. '"' .... ,.;., .... ~ .. ~ .... " ....... ~ .. ~ .... , ... ~" .. ~ .... "" .......... , ....... " ....... ..,. 64

Hori.zontal visibili ty ...... , ......... , ................................................. , ........................................ ~.".~ ........... _._._ ......... _" ... w .. ~ .. " 65

Rad i 6 s 0 nd e C omp a r is 0 ns ....................................... _ ........... , ................................. ", .................... " ... w .............. __ .......................... 65

Aerolo9Y

Ge ne r a 1 ............................................................... " ................................ ; ............... " ...... "._ ............ ; ... -............................. _ .... " ... _._ ........ ~.n.o ..... _ .. "'..... 65

Sf e ri c s .... , ................ _ ...................... "' ............. , ..... .., ....................... : ....................... ' ..... n .... ' .... _ ............. M ................. ~ .. _ ... _ ... "" •• _~ • ..-",. ...... M ... '" .... _. 65

Aerological diagrams ............................................................................................ " .................................. ·'.M ......... _ .. _.~ ........ M............... 66

Homogenei ty of aerological network ..................................................................... " ................................ _...... 66

Upper air networks for numerical forecasting.................................................................... 66

Climat.Q1Q~

Ge ne r a 1 ............................................................................................... ~ .. " ........................... " ....... "~ ......................................................... _ ....................... "._.~... . 66

Wo r 1d Cl ima t 01 og i cal At 1 a S .................. :.. ......................... ~ ............. , ............... " ....... d.m ........................... ' .... "n" ...... _"..... 67

.Dynamic climato1ogy ... ~ ................... : .................................................................................................... , ............. " .. " ............... _ ... : ___ . 67

.Collection, annotation ·and dissemination of we at he r d a t a ........................... ; ............ _ ............ """'._ .................................................. " . .".. .. _ ..... "'._.n ............... " .... , .. " ..... _ ......... __ ._ .... ~_._ 68

Agricultural meteoro1oqy

Ge ne r a 1 ...................... ,"' ...... " ........................................................................ ''' .... _ ....... ~ ......... ~_ .......... ~ ............. _ ..... , ......... _ .... h ... _ ... , ............ " .. " ....... _

Collaboration with agricultural interests ............................................................... "'" ......... "

Weather and plant diseases' and pests ........................ " ........ , ........ _ ............. _ .............. n ..................... ....

68

69

69

Ge n era 1 ....... , ...................................................................... " .. _ ................................................. " ......................... " .............. " ... ~" .... n .. "......................................... 7 0

Code for reporting sea ice by .aircraft ............................................... n ...................... ~..................... 70

International Ice Nomenclature ..................................................... " ............................... , .... " ...... 'w ... " ................... "... 70

Scheme for the collection and transmission of weather. reports from whaling ships ......... , ......... " ................. ~ ..... " .............. "~._ ...... _'" .. _._ ....... ~ __ ....... _""" ........... , ........ _... 70

Aerologica1 observations aboard merchant ships ................ _ ............. ,,, ..... ,,............... 71

6 0 3.28

6.3.29

6.3.30

6.3.31

6.3032

6.3.33

6.3.34

6.3.35

6.3.37

6.3038

6.3039

6.3.40

6.3.41

6.3.42

6.3.43

6.3.44

6.3 .. 45

CONTENTS VII

Changes in synoptic codes .................................... " .......... " .... w., .... " ........ ~~_ ......... _ ....................... ~ ........ _. __ .. , ..... ~.. 71.

Methods of observation at sea" ............................. ~ ............ w ....... "' ..... "._ ........... _ ..... _.-_............................. 71

Synoptic_meteorQlQgy

Ge ne r a 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................. " .... ~ ................. " .... " .............. " .... "... 71

Forms 0 f me s sag e sand cod e s .................................................................... _ ....... _ ......... _ ......................... "" ..... "........ 71

Meteorological telecommu~ications ....................................... " ..................... "." ......... -.P .......... _" .. ~............... 72

Station networks ......... " .................................................................................................................................. __ ., .. ~ .. _ ........... "..................... 73

Graphical representation ........................ " .......... " ........ " .. " ........ " .... _~ ..... " .. _ ......... " .. _ ...... ' .. '" ....... " .... ' ... ~ .... _._ .. "_. 73

Continuance of the North American Continental Bro ad cas t (WSY) · .. " ... : .................................................... ".P ....................................... _ ..... _~_ .... H ........... '., •• " ......... " ........ ___ ....... • ..... ·....... 74

Units used in toded messages for international exchange .......................... _ ............. _ .................... _, .................................................................. __ ....... _ ............ _ ... _ .... _ .. _ ............ " ..................... ~ 74

National methods of observing and reporting vi s ibi 1 i t.y .................. _ ..................... _ .... PO" .............. m ........ _ .... : ...................................... " ...... _ ..... _ ............................ ""........................................ 74

Aeronautical meteorology

Ge ner a 1 ..... _ ...... : ..................... _ ....................................... _ ...... __ ...... - .. " .. -.... "-... ,,~ .. "-............ --" ... ~ .... -...... "--"-.. -................. " ............... - 7 4

o bs e rv a t ions and ne two rk s · .. · .................. _ ...... _ .......... "~ ........ "" ....... "n .. _._ ......... ft_.~ .. "._". __ .. _ ... H ....... n ... """ ...... ~. 7 5

Ae rona ut i cal cod e s ................................................................ _ ... , ..................... ~ ............ _ .. _" ...... ' ........... H .... ~ .......... , ...... _ ......... _ .. _ 75

Securi ty of aircraft operations ........................... _ ....... n ... _._ ................ __ ........ _ ... _ ... ·_ ........ • ........ _- 76

Meteorological Services for high level commercial ope rat ion s ...................... ~ ................................. _y ...... ~H ............... , ........................ " ............................. - ............................... ~ ................ ".~..................... 76

Ae rona ut i cal c 1 iroa to 1 og y .............................. _ ..................... __ ._ ... _ ................ _._ ..... __ ............ ""."._ .......... ".... . 7 6

Pub lie at i 0 ns .................... ~ ............................................................................ * ........................................... ,_ ......... _ ..... _ ...... " ... - .. -...................... 76

Qualifications-and training of meteorological personnel employed in the application of meteoro-logy to aeronautics ......... ~ ........................... , .............................................................................. : ...... " .................. ~................................ 77

6.4 REGIONAL ACTIVITIES ....................... _ ...................................... " ........... , ............... : ...... " .... _ ...... n ........ " .... _~ ... ~ ... _ .............. " ....... , .... ,....... 77

6 0 4.1

6.4.2

6.4.3

6.4.4

6.4.5

Ge n e ra 1 ....... _~,~. ___ ....... ~ .... _ ..... " ........................ _~ .. ,. .... H'"~ .. N'.· .. .... _ .. _ •••••••• _~ ................. ~._~ .. ~ .... ~~." ................ ~ •• ~ ............ _ .. ~"............................. 7 7

Regional Association for Africa (RA I) ................ " ....... m ................................. ~ ..... h........................... 78

Regional Association for Asia (RA II) ......................................... " .. " ............. M .... " ... " ... ~ ............. ". 79

Regional Association for South America (BA III) ............................................................ 79

Regional Association for North and Central America (RA IV) .............................. ; .............................................................................. ,............................................................................................ 80

VIII

'6.4.6

6.4.7

6.5

6.5.1

6.5.2

6.5.3

6.5.4

CONTENTS

Pags

Regional Association for South-West Paci fic (RA V ). ....... ~._ .......... " ....... " .... _ 80

Regional Asso.ciation fol:' Europe (RA' VI )-....... -... 1 .. - ... - ...................... -.-.... , .................. "~ ....... ,, 81

PUBLICATIONS AND LIBRP~RY ... " ...... -....... , ....... "-,, .......... ~ .. , ............ "' ........................... "' ....................... "................................... 82

WMO Bulletin .......................................... ,; ........................... ""'" ... _ .. _ ..... ~ ........... '"~_ ................... _ .. , ... " .. , .. "' ........... "'"' .... " ... " .. , ............. _........ .82

Tee hn i cal Not e s · ........... ", ...... _ .............. "._ ...... H ............ ~ .. " .............. __ ._, ............. " ...... _ ... , .... ~ ........ ~ ....... w ........ _ ............. "~".................. 8 2 , . '.

Ot her pub 1 i cat ions ................... ~ ........ _ ............................ ~ ...... " ........ m ... ~~ .................. ~ ........ _ •• " .. " ....... "" ....... ~ .... "~ ....... _ ......... ~ .. ,, ... "" 83

Li br a r·y .......................... : ................ , ................................................................... "' .... " ....... " .................... ~" .. ,., .......... , ....................... "...................................... 84

E!illI---L-=_@MINIsrRAillL6ND.FIN~~CIAL ACTIVITIES

7.1

7.1.1

7.1.2

7.1.3

7.2

7.2.1

7.3

7.301

7.3.2

7.3.3

7.3.4

7.3.5

7.4

7.4~1

704.2

Annex 1 Annex 2 Annex 3

Annex 4 Annex 5

STAFF MATERS .. , ........................................... , ............................................. " ........ " ............. _,_ .... ,_ ............ ~ ..... _ ........... ~ ........ ,~ .............. _.............. 85

Direction of the Secretariat .......................................................... " ........... , .................................. " ................ M._.......... 85

Recrui tment of staff .-.... " .... , . ."" ..... ,, ............ , ........... ~ ..................... _._ .... _"_ ... _ ........ __ ... _ .... """" ....... _.~ .. ~"_...... 85

St a f f c ha ng e s " ................................................... , ....................... " ....... , ...... ~ .......................................... ".r" ....... "\lw"~ ..... "'.n>: ... ,, .... , ........ "~"" .. ,~.. 86

·ST AFF WELF ARE ........ " .... "" ........................... " ............... , .. " ......... _~ ... " ..... """.no"." ........ , .... .,... .... " ...... "' ..... " .. _._ .. _" .. _ ........... , .... _. 87

Co nt ri bu t i.o ns .. , ................................................................................................................................... " ...................... " ........................ m .............. " 88

Working Capital Fund ........... , ..... :' ..... M~ ................. _ ....... "." ............ " .... n ........... M ......................... , .......... " .......................... _._... 88

. Budgetary posi tion ..................... " ............................ ~ .................. '" .. ~ ............... __ ....... _ ............ _ .. "'"" ....... _._ .... _ .... _ ....... _._.. 88

Tee hn i cal· Ass i s t a nc e Un i t ................... , ....................... ~ ............ 'Hj_." ..... H ................. ~ ..• ".~ ............... _ ... ~."' ...... _ ...... ~ . 90

Ac c id e nt ins u r a nc e .. ~ ............................... _ ............... ~ ..... " ......... _ ........... ".~.H;. ................ _ ......... H ................ ~ ..... _ .................. _.. 90

REPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION SERVICES ...... : ... _ ............ H ................................ ...; ... _ ..... _""' ... ", 90

Distribution of publications .......................................................................... _ .... " ..... _ ....... "" .......... _.4 ....... _.,, . 90

Reproduction and distribution of documents ......... ~ ....... H .. - ..... _ ............. '" ........ H ......... _.. 91

List of Permanent Representatives ......................... ~ .................... , ...... , .................. _ .............................. _ .. _. 92 Publicati.ons of the WMO issued. in 1954" ........... ~H ............. , .................... _ .... " ........... ".,................ 100 Table of staff changes within the WMOSecretariat 1.1.1952 to 31.120 1954 ................................................................................................ : .. n ........ ~ ....................... ~ .... .....,_ ....... ffl ... '. 102 Contributions receivable from Members as at 31.12.1954 .. :................. 103 Advances to the Working Capital Fund receivable from Members as at 31.12.1954 .............. , ................. " ..... _ ....... n_ ...... _ ... ~ ............................. ~_ ..... , ...... " ... , ...... _ .. _.~.......... 107·

The statutory interval of four years having elapsed, Congress - the supreme governing body of the World Meteorological Organization - will hold its second session in the spring of 1955. During this initial four-year period now coming to an end, the Organization~ whilst developing and bring­ing into operation its various organs, has endeavoured to define its posi­tion in the technical field and to specify its r$le as a member of ,the United Nations' family.

Within this period of evolution, 1954 was the year in which the accu­mulated experience of the previous years has proved valuable not only in 'carrying out the mission of the Organization in a steadily developing man­ner but also in preparing propoials of both a technical and an administra­tive nature to be considered by Congress for a possible implementation dur­ing the next financial period of four yearso

* * *

It should be remembered that this publication combines the Annual Report which the Secretary-General has to submit to Members ,of the Organi­zation wi ththe Annual Report on the work of this Specialized Agency which he has to submit to the United Nations for study, in particular, by the Economic and Social Council.

As in the preceding year, the first part of this Report deals with points suggested in Resolution 497 (XVI) of the Economic and Social Council, with but one important change; in order to avoid undesirable repetition in subsequent sections, Sections 1.2 and 1~3 have been arranged so as to deal simUltaneously with relations in general and co-operative projects with the United Nations (1.2) and other international organizations (1.3) 0

The second part deals with questions of special interest for Members of WMO. Generally speaking, the first part can be considered as an intro­duction to the succeeding parts or a summary of themO'

t2t: :;t-""' ~,~,~t--7' v-vv

(Dr. G. Swoboda) Acting Secretary-General

1.1

1.1.1

PAR T 1

"

MAJOB~y§~oEMENT S _!,N . .JYMQ_.EROGRAMME

, §en~1.

Of the Reg:iona1' Asso(Iiations and Technical Commissions consti t­uted within the Organization, only two met during 1954. With the ex­ception of Regional Association II (Asia) which is scheduled to meet early in :1955, the remaining Regional Associations and Technical Com­missions had already held their sessions during 1952 and 19530 De­spite this'dec'teas'e in the number ,of meetings of these constituent bodies, a marked rise "occurred, in the amount of extra-conferential activity carri.ed out by the Organization in order to achieve the pur­pose of the Organization as laid down in its Convention, namely} to fac{litate world-wide co-operation in the establishment of networ~s of stations for the making of meteorological observations or oth'e-r' geophysical observations related to meteorology and to promote the establishment and maint~nanbe of meteorological centres charged with the provision of meteorological services, to promote the establishment and maintenance of systems for the r~pid exchange of'weather inform­ation; to promote standardization of meteorological observations and to ensure the uniform publication of observations and statistics; to further the app1ic~tion of meteorology tQ aviation, shipping, agri­c'ul ture, and other human activities; and to encourage research and training in meteorology and to assist in co-ordinating the intern­ational aspects of such research and trainingo

Techn1£21_g~Y§10Qmen!

During 1954, the technical activity of the Organization conti­nued tQ develop in a promising manner. Action resulting from recom­mendations adopted at sessions of one Technical Commission in 1952, six Commissions in 1953 and the eighth Commission in 1954 kept the Presidents ,'~f these Commissions, numerous working' groups established 'by the latte~,and; in particular, the Secretariat, fully busyo This app~ies also to decisions which origiriated from some of the Regional Associati6ris~ Further technical work resulted from en~uiries submitted by various iriter~aticinal'organiz,ations 0' "

4

, ,

PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW

Major technical items in which the Organization and its Secre­tariat were involved in 1954, are ~ the elaboration of WMO Draft Technical Regulations; publication of instructions and various other arrangements in connection with the introduction, on 1 January 1955', of a new code for·the transmission of meteorological messages; stu­dies of sources and utilization of wind energy; continuation of pre­paratory work in connection with the issue of a new International Cloud Atlas; establishment of ,the ,meteorological programme 'of the International Geophysical Year 1957/58; elaboration of a draft tech­nical programme for the second financial period 1956-1959. Part 6 enurnerates about 70 projects of technical act.ivities in the meteoro­logical field either now in hand or about 'to be commenced in the near future D

In connection with these projects, the Secretariat addressed 'numerousenquiries to Meteorological Services, whose replies have been or are being analyzed and digested in the form of reports or publications, and especially in the "Technical Notes tf

, a new series of WMO publications. For details, see Part 6.

1.1.3 ; Information Servi~e

1.1.4

. The Information Service greatly expanded during 19540 Publica­tion of a Technical Note on artificial rain and the decision to carry out an enquiry on the possible meteorological effects of atomic ex­plosions particularly held the attention of the world press and radio. The press communique, press conference and photographic services were developed and an enquiry was carried out regarding the production and hire· of meteorological films. (See Section 403)

Iecpnical assist~

The WMO was also in 1954 very active in the field of technical assistance within the framework of the Expanded Programme of the United Nations. The total number of receiving countrie,s was 9, that of experts 9 and that of fellows and scholars 8. The fact that these figures do not much differ from those for 1953, is due to the finan­cial stringencies through which the Expanded Programme has been pass­ing. The main trend during ,the last y~ar was the increase of emphasis on 10ng~te~m projects •.

Of particular importance for the future activity of WMO within the Expanded Programme was the fact that in 1954 the Technical Assist~ ance Committee ,of ECOSOC introduced a new legislation, according to which WMD, which hitherto had r~ceived funds from the United Nations for its projects in the Expanded Programme, will be placed hence­forth, and from 1956 to the full extent, on the same monetary basis as the other participating organizations. The WMO programme for 1955 includes 15 receiving countries, 15 experts, and 12 fellows and scho­lars.

The small sum of $ 1000 allocated by the First Congress of WMO to technical assistance in the regular programme of the Organization

1.1.5

PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW 5

:during the' first financial period, was spent in 1954 for one expert: to advise the Government of Haiti on the utilization of wind energy for power .development, and for a contribution towards 'the estimated costs of ~n expert to advise the Government of Syria on the organiza-

·tion· of a National Meteorological Service~ An enquiry is being made amongst Members to enable Second Congress to decide whether a regular technical assistance. programme should be developed d~ring the second finaricial period of the Organization. (See Part 5)

Ext~rnal_relations

Two States - the Federal Republic of Germany and Bolivia - as well as two non-metropolitan Territories, Spanish Guinea and Spanish Morocco, became Members of the Organization during the year. At the end of the year 1954, the Organization was composed of 85 Members, 60 of which were States and 25 Territories.

Two States - Austria and Viet Nam - were authorized to become Members of WMOo They will become Members of the Organization when they deposit their instrum~nts of accession to the Convention. The relations with non-Member States continued as in the past and invi­tations to send observers to certain meetings were sent out in accord­ance 'with the Organization's procedure and the direct:i.vesof Member­Governments and the Executive Committee.

A working arrangement was concluded with the United Nations Edu­cational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and consult­ative status was granted to 9 non-gbvernmental international organ­izations. (See Section 1.3 and Part 4)

Pro.§2.gcts

The foregoing few indications already show the continuous in­crease of the Organization's programme, which will characterize also the year 19550 Its implementation will of course be handicapped by the fact that the budget for 1955 had to be kept lower than that fortha previous year in order to ensure that the total expenditure for the Organization's first financial period i95l-1955 did not ex­ceed the ceiling fixed by the First Congress. Should the Organization with its Secretariat be enabled to accomplish, during the next finan~ cial period, its tasks in conformity with their natural development, the forthcoming Second World Meteorological Congress to open in Ge­neva in April 1955, will earnestly have to consider the necessity of a corresponding increase of the budget for that period. The Secretary­General~ with due regard to the experience gained during the first four years of the Organization's existence and to the fechnical pro­jects with which the Organization is likely to be confronted, has already submitted to the Members of the Organization his budgetary estimates for the second fin&ncial period.together with the comments on these estimates by the Executive ·Commi ttee. .

6

1.2

1.2.1

PART 1 . GENERAL REV lEW .

RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED NATIONS· - CO"'OPERARIVE PROJECTS _.-:r...l;IO_~"""'-_________ """".~"""'~ __ III ____ ~"""_'_ ••• :I"Il"T.UlllVlll"-='~~ __ J,IIO. __ ~."""'-_. ~

9.QllY§.Q!1_'2D_Q!L.E.rlY11 eq'&2~.Q,fL ITDm~ill1:.ti'§2_Q.f_:1he _§Q e ~12.1i~.€S;Lf1q €I2fJ§..§.

By 31 December 1954, the following Governments had agreed to apply to WMO the provisions of the Convention on the Privileges and Imm'Jnit:!.es of the Specialized Agencies ~.

The Federal People's Republic of Yugos1avi~ Haiti Luxembourg Denmark Sweden· Netherlands Iraq Ecuador Guatemala United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland

5 March 16, April 22 August 10 March 31 July 5 January 9 July

14 July 4 October

1952 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1954 1954

17 December 1954

O'n 17 November 1954, the Government of the Federal Republic of Gernlany submitted for deposit wi th the Secretary-General of the United Nations an instrument of 'accession to the said Convention, in conform­ity with Section 41 thereof, by virtue of which the Government of the Federal Republic of GermD.ny t~lndertakes to apply the provisions of the Convention to the W'orld Meteorological Organization, amongst other Organizations. However, this instrument contains a reservation excluding Section 7(b) of the Conventiono

The Secretary-General of the United Nations has begun consulta­tions with the Specialized Agencies concerned regarding the desirabi­lity of accepting the deposit of the instrument in view of this re­servation. '.

Eel at 12 n!Ljy.lih_tb.~".J;e n.£.£ a ~E:.:~§,2 mb 1 Yri_ t h~_§.9..2J.}Qmi c §!D,~L..§.QflQl Co ~ nsl £l.!22_ihL Su,2s isi~§!..Y_ B0.91.~_.Q,LJ..bQ_g.Q.1l.r2~J.!

The Organization was ~epresent~d at all ses~ions of the General Assembly and 'the Economic and Social Council held during 1954 (see the list given in Section 1.4)0 The Annual Report of the Organization for 1953 was submitted to the Economic and Social Council during its 18th se9sion in July-August 1954Q WMO was, also repre'sEmted at me~t­ings 9f Regional Economic Commiss'ions and at the 1954 session of the Transport and Communications Commission. The Advisory Committee on Adminlstrative and Budgetary Questions was provided with the usu­al 'information regarding th~ budget and the budgetaiy structure of 'VVlVlvo In connection with the question of the construction of a build­ing for'the permanent headquarters of WMO, this Committee was also interested in'the possibility of WMO being accommodated in the Pa­lais des Nations in Genevab

1.2.5

1.2.6

PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW 7

Relations y,rj.'!.b...ib~~~~~I!!..i..!}.tst t§..ti ve Sommi ttee on Co-ordination and its Subsid},2fY._~£Qif~

WMO continued during 1954 its par-ticipation in the work of the Administrative Comrrlittee on Co-ordination, its Preparatory Committee, the Consultative Committee on Administrative Questions and the Con­sultative Committee on Puti lc Information. Representatives of the Organization attended meetings of these bodies during 1954. For full details, see Section 104.

Relations ~1th_!h§ __ ~,~.£E~t?ri~.!_.Q.L!J!e United N,ations

The relations established in 1953 with most of the Departm~nts of the Secretariat of the United Nations (particularly the Office of the Secretary-General, the Department of Economic Affairs, the Depart­ment of Public Information, the Department of Conference and General Services and the Administrative and Financial Services) were strength­ened and extended in 1954. These relations covered a large number of questions of common i nterest and ad~inistrative co-ordination.

If the Public Information Programme of WMO developed considerably in 1954, it was due to a great extent to the effective assistance, in­formation, advice and fu l l collaboration received from the Department of Public Information and all its Information Centres. The Informa­tion Centre in Geneva shou ld be mentioned particularly in this con­nection "

During the period und er review 5 the,WIv1O Secretariat provided the United Nations Secretariat with contributions for the 'Catalogue of Ecoi10mic and Social Proj ects for 1954 and the United Nations Year­book for 19530 Financi al reports, budgetary estimates, information co ncerning the admini strative budget , the scale of contributions and other quest i ons gi ving r ise to special enquiries were also prepared and submitted in 1954.

~.QrkiIJSL.fl:'!:'§.Q9§J]}§.n.:tJ23:tW.§.€'l}_WMO ~ndJ.l}e Technical Assistance Admi­ni s t , rat i ql}_ Q f t f..@_JI n ~'!:.€Q_~,§J. i 9J:.1w~

In 1954, as in 1952 and in 1953, a working arrangement valid for one year was drawn' up with the Technical Assistance Administra­tion of the United Nationso This arrangement ~ which was approved by the Executive Committee, deals with details of the distribution of technical and administrative responsibilities, the allocation of funds, as well as the study and execution of the programme. At the end of the year , a working arrangement for 1955 was under negotia­tion. Full details of this ar!angement are given in Section 5.2.5.

Wa t-QL re"'§2}dr.u~£.§ 1954 was the year in which WMO began taking an active part in

the important water res ources development programme of the United

8

1.2.7

1.2.8

1.2.9

'PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW

, Nations and its Specialized AgenciesQ Several studies were carried out in this field, in particular for the United Nations Economic Com­

, mission for Asia and the Far-East. (See Section 6.2.11)

St a t ~ s t .lliL s "t..lliiY_~f t e illQ§_t at ur.§.§.

A statistical study in the form of tables was prepared at the request o'f the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America, concerning the mean monthly temperatures for vast areas of Latin Ame­rica.

Eart ]'...£1£ a t 1£LL1IL1.b§L Vni t ed _H?.t!.2.!lLl9 i nL ~t a"LLf§ ns i 0 r~L Fu,DQ

Having concluded in 1953 an agreement governing participation by the Organization's staff in the United Nations Joint Staff Pen­sion Fund, WMO has participated at meetings of'the Fund Board and has collaborated with the Secretariat of the Fund in New York.

Com~on Serv~£.§.Lil1_G.~"fley.2

WMO continued to co-operate in the common $dministrative servi­ces in Geneva and to collaborate with the United Nations Technical Assistance Administration in Geneva in accordance with a~rangements made in 1952, 1953 and 1954 in order to maintain the economic and rational co-ordination of resources.

1.2.10 Administraliy~I~al

During its fifth session, in September 1954, the Executive Com­mittee of WMO decided to recognize the competence of the Administrat­ive Tribunal of. the United Nations for appeals relating to the non­observance of the statutes of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund 0 It is pointed out~ for information, that in 1953 the Organi~a: tion recognized the competence of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization for appeals relating to the non-observance of the Staff Regulations and the Internal Staff Rules of WM).

1.3 RELATIONS AND CO-OPERATIVE PROJECTS WITH OTHER SPECIALIZED AGENCIES,. INTER-GOVERNMENTAL AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

S~ecialized Agencies ....... -- ~ _... - . - ."" ...... ... - .. -

General

The working arrangement with the International Civil Aviation Organization drawn up in 1953 came into force on 1 January 1954 and gov~rnedrelations between the t00 agencies throughout the year. In

1.3.2

,,PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW 9

accordance with the provl,slons of this, a,rrangement, the COp1mission for Aeronaufl'cal ME?tebrolog:y O'f WMO arid 'the Meteorology Division of the Internation:al Civil Aviation, Organization held' as'imul taneous meeting 'at Montreal in June and July 1954. Hecommendati'6ris were made to one or the' other of the two org'anizations during' thi:s, ;meeting, in accordance with the distribution of responsibilitie"s:indicated in the arrangement. Representation at meetings was reciproca1, as in the pasto (See Section 104)

~2:2E~!~!!Y~_E~~j~~!~ WMQ carried out enquiries, studies and research on several occa­

sions at the request of the International Civil Aviation Organization ,or"the simultaneous, meetings (see Sections 6.2.9, :603.38, 6.3.40, 6.3.41 and 6 .. 3.43 in the technical- part of this report). WMO accepted regional responsibility with regard to deficiencies in the observa-

, tion network .. '(See ,Sec,tion 604) , ,

The study on certain aspects of aircraft icing and on the rela· tionship between the icing of exposed surfaces in 61puds, undertaken at the request of the Internaticnal Civil. Aviation Organization, was completed in 1954 and published as Techriica1 Note No'~ 3. (See Sec­tions 6.209 ahd 603o4~)o

, .,.~

Several studies and enquiries have been carried out or are under way as a result of requests from the International, Civil Aviation Or­ganization; they relate, to the following subjects :

Sferics techn~ques (see Section 603012) Practical aspects of the jet stream (see Section 6.3.42) Study on automatic weather stations (see Section 6.3.39) Enquiry on the technical details9 operation, maintenance and

cost of ground radar for weather observations (see Section 6 .. 3.39)

,Study on present knowledge in connection with mountain waves. (See Section 6.3041)

In accordance vvi th the working arrangements, between WMO and the International Civil Aviation Organization, the latter ',has notified WMO of deficiencies encounter~d in the existing observation networks from the aeronautical point 'of view, so that WMO can take the neces­sar'y action with the various States concerned. WMO, for its part, has provided the International Civil Aviation Organization with document­ation on the' basic world n~tworks, prepared after enquiries amongst the State~ concern~~o(See Section 604)

General

Relations between WMO and the United Nations, Food and Agricul­ture Organization are basted on an exchange of letters' between the Executive .. Heads ot' the 'two ,agen~:~es7' wh~ch },Oo~;,:pl~ce in 1952.

10 GENERAL REVIEW'

'Specific 'ad ho~ agr.eements on individ.uaL projects , ofmut.~~l interest were "defined tn exchanges·,of COrl'espondemce. Dur-ing ,the se.venth ses­sion of the; FAO Conference ;'a Resolution ,No 0 36 ,e'oti t.led. "Co-opera­tion betwe:en ,agricultural and 'meteorological: services" ~wa's adoptedo This'resolutidn readsas'follows :

,liTHE CONFERENCE,

NOTING the work undertaken by WMO in the application of meteoro­logy to agriculture and food production throughout the world;

RECOMMENDS that Member Governments should establish co-ordina'· tion between agricultural and meteorological services at the national level'to assure the practical implementation of their programmes of work."

The Conference noted that WMO yvas prepared, to receive sugges" tio.ns from FAa concerning its activities and to implement them wi thin its budgetary possibilitieso

The Executive Committee of WMO, for its part, studied the ques­tion during its fifth session in 1954 and stated in Resolution 22 (EC-V) that it "considered close collaboration between meteorological and ?gricultural agenci~s highly desirable for the furthering of the application of meteorology to agriculture, particularly for increas­ing and improving crop yie Ids It 0

Representatives of WIVIO took an active'part at several FAa meet ... ings and in particular at meetings of the Working Party on the Devel­opment of grazing and fodder resources of the Near-East and at the

'IVth World Forestry Congress. (See Section 104)

~9:9E~!§!!~~_EE£J~~!~ As in 1953, the two organizations collabor~ted in locust con­

trol. Particular reference should be made to the technical assist­ance project of WMO, inaugurated in 19549 to assist in the control

, '.of locust invasions which have presented an age-long threat to crops and vegetation in certain countries of the world, especially in arid

'zoneso This iS,the first WMO project of this type.

As the res'ul t of a res.olution adopted by WMO Regional Associa­tion I (Africa) ,and the offer of host facilities by the British East Africa 'High Commission, this technical assistance proj'ect for Bri­tish East Africa was included in the 19,55 'programme. and an Australian expert will go to ,British East Africa in February 1955. (See Section 5.206.1)

In addition, a working group established by theWMO,Gommission for Agricultural Meteorology to' consi'der locust control has commenced activit Yo

WMO also, consul ted FAO before preparing a p'roj'ect for technical asslstanc~ in meteq:r;oJogy for Chile ~ at reques'tofthe Chilian Govern­ment:, for "use in 'th'~campa:ig'n against potato blight", (phytophtora

1 .. 3.3

PART 1 GENERAL -REVIEW ' 11

'infestans)o This project was submitted to the Technical Assistance Board for approval and will also appear in the 1955 programme. The value of meteorology in this case lies in the forecasting of the on­set of climatic conditions favourable to the development of the di­sease and in providing warnings for farmerso These warnings 'enable pr~ventive action to be taken in good time~ Another contribution to the problem was provided by the Working Group on Weather and Plant Pathology Problems, formed by the WMO Commission for Agricultural Meteorolog'y, whic_h submitted its report on existing methods of fore­casting outbreaks of potato blight and the extension of current tech­niquesto problems of o~her diseases or pests. (See Section 603.22)

Informal negotiations took place in 1954 in connection with the preparation of an agricultural and meteorological bibliography. How­ever, {his pr6ject is only at the stag~of"preliminary discussion.

General ... --~ .......... The neg6tiations initiated in 1953 with the United Nations Edu­

cational, Scientific and Cultural. Organization with a view to con­clud,ing a working arrangement were completed in 1954. The resulting working arrangement was approved-during the 37th session of the UNESCO Execu~ive Board (April 1954) and by the fifth session of the WMO Executive Committee (September 1954)0 This working arrangement provides fon reciprocal consultation and co-operation on matters mu­tually recognized as presenting a joint interest and included, or to be included'l in the regular programmes, as well as in the technical assistance programme, of both organizations. It also stipulates that this co-operation shall provide for specific agreements on indivi­dual projects in meteorology, whenever such agreements are mutually desirable and within the scope of the actions authorized by the go­verning bodi;~s or the organizations Q

Both the Panel on Arid Zone Research established by the WMO Exec­utive Committ~e in 1953 and the Secretariat of the Organization have devoted a considerable am00nt of attention to the arid zone develop· ment prograrnml~ ini-tiated by the United Nations and UNESCO (see Sec­tion 6.2.4). At the request of UNESCO, WMO undertook two enquiries

- during 1953 and the first half of 1954, one concerning the artifi­cial inducement 6f precipitation and the other relating to the use of wind energy. ,The results of these two enquiries have been pub­lished in the form of Technical Notes entitled ~

No. 1 "Artificial inducement of precipitation, with special ence,to the arid and semi-arid regions of the world" Section ~.2.10); and

refer­(See

No.4 "Energy f:Dom the wind~ assessment of suitabl"e winds and sites". ( See Sec t~ 0 n 6. 2 • 5 )

12

1.3.4

PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW

At the request of UNESCO, the Organization also stated its views concerning the general conception and 'the contents of the chapter on climate included in the Arld Zone Manual prepared as part of the UNESCO Programme of Arid Zone Researcho

There has been reciprocal consultation on several occasions in connection with technical assistance. The two organizations collabor­ated in Libya, where the UNESCO mission assisted that of WMO .. A UNESCO expert on adult education selected the Libyan students to attend the meteorological training course organized by the WMO expertso Moreover, ,the UNESCO mission is continuing to assist with the improvement of the general standard of education of the selected studehtso

1):::t,81'national Telecommunication Union

ge:~E~E§~!Y~_E!9.1~£!§ The Meteorological Services" are one of the main users of the

telecommunications services, which they require for the national and international transmission and exchange of the numerous weather ob­servations made daily throughout the wo~ld. It is therefore mainly in the field of weather transmissions that WMO collaborates with the International Telecommunication Uniono During 1954, the WMO Secre­tariat 'prepared a detailed report on the question - so important for Meteorological Services - of tartffs for meteorological telegrams; this report will be discussed during the 0ext International Tele­graph Conferenceo WMO hopes that the governments represented at the Conference will be able to agree to the maintenance' of the. special reduced rate hitherto granted for s~th telegrams. In order to par· t.ic ipat.e more actively in the studies and work of the International Telegraph Co.nsul tative Committee of ITU, WMO designated two repre­sentatives who now take part in the f;tudy g.roups of this body when­ever they deal with questions of interest to WMO; it hopes to des~· ignate another representative in 1955. (See Section 603.30)

Moreover, WMO has participated, at meetings of the Middle-East Sub-Commission and the Commission for the General Trunk 'Switching' Programme 0 These two meetings were held under the auspices of the International Telephone Consultative Committee and dealt with the trunk switching programme in the Mediterranean~ the MiddleMEast and Southern Asia 0 The future. switching requirements were established for these conferences and brought to the notice.of ITUo

As in the past, the keeping up-to-date of Publication No o 9, Fascicule III, "Meteorological Transmissions I': was co-ordinated with ITU~ as the latter publishes a summary of similar" information in a form of a nomenclature 0 This nomenclature refers the reader to the WMO publication for details.

The study on thunderstorm activity over land' and sea areas, being undertaken at the request of the International Radio Consulta­tive Committee continued in 1954 and will continue in 19550 The re­sults of relevant studies will be published as charts~ (See SeGtion 6,,2.3)

1.3.5

1.3.6

1.3.7

, PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW ' 13

World Health Or9~nization

In accordance with a working arrangement concluded in 1952, col­laboration between the two organizations has continued on the same basis as in 1953 and has related particularly to reciprocal represent­ation at meetings and to certain administrative questions.

International Labour Organization

9~:~E~!~!!~~_E!~j~~!~ The Intern'ational Labour Office acceeded to WMO I S request that

it be permitted to make periodical use of the dark room of the Pub­lic Information Division of the ILO. This arrangement has enabled WMO to set up its photographic services at low costo

Inter~governmental organizations outside United Nations

During 1954, WMO collaborated with the inter-governmental organ­izations enumerated hereunder; a brief note indicates the field of common action in each caseo

International Bureau of Weights and Measures~ Metric System, International Barometer Conventiono

International Whaling Commission~ Provision of meteorological observations made by whaling vessels.: (See Section 6.3026)

Caribbean Commission~ Meteorological co-operation in the Carib­bean areao(See Section 60405)

International Wine Office: Means ' of providing weather forecasts and special weather ' reports for wine growers and protection against hail and frost.

International Institute of Refrigeration: Physical treatment of the air, air temperature measurements and hygrometry.

Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux (Soil Science Bureau): Biblio­graphy of agricultural meteorology.

Non-governmental international organizations

InternatiQnal ynion for .Geodesy and Geophysics

The special working arrangement concluded with this organiza­tion came into force at the end of 1954 after its adoption by the lOth General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geo­physics, held at Rome in December 19540 Three WMO representatives participated in the work of the lOth General Assemblyo Consultation was initiated concerning collaboration between the two organizations in the development of water resources.

Preparations for the International Geophysical Year 1957-1958-

14

1.3.9

PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW .

continued during 1954. The WMO working grQup responsible for this question is collaborating with the International Council of Scienti­fic Unions indthe Int~rnational Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. (See Section 6.2~6) , .

g~D~!'~1 The WMO Executive Committee, created c'onsul tative status for

non-governmental international organizations in 1953 and 9 applica­tions for this status were received in 1954. The following organiza­tions received consultative status, their applications having been approved by the Executive Committee :

1. International Society of Soil Science 2. International Organization for Standardization 3. International Radio Maritime Committee 4. . International Federation of Agricultural Producers 5. International Scientific Radio Union 6. International Federation of Air Line Pilots 1 Associations 7. World Federation of United Nations Associations

. 8. International Federation for Documentation 9. Pacific Science Association

Before the end of the year~ two other organizations - the World Power Conf erence and the International Astronomical Union - had also submitted formal applications. The latter will be considered by the sixth sess5.on of the Executive Committee in April ' 1955.

VJMO also collaborated with the following non-governmental organ" izations, amongst others, without consultative status .

The International Airtransport Association The International Geographical Union The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics

gQ:Qe~~2~iyg _Q!2j~g~

Active collaboration and regular consultation have been estab­lished with the Internationa l · Federation of Documentation with re­gard to the meteorological section of the Universal Decimal Classi­fication for libraries. The Federation has asked WMOfS opinion on several points in this classification and has taken it into consid­eration in its proposals.

1. 4 B§!:RESEJ~TATION AI~ME.§TINGS Qf_QIH~.fL~lttgRNA..TIONAL.QBGANIZATIO~ 195.1

~~~~!DS12_2f_~b~ .. Y!!!~~9_~~~!2Q~ 9t..h .. G.§.Q.§ .. :r,9.~ ... .f.\~ .§ .. ~~.9. .~.Y, New York, September 1954. Representatives : the President

Mr. P.H ~ Kutschenreuter

PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW ·

A.g.q ..... (.Ag~.tnt.§.!.!:.?t~Y..~ ..... g2~.~.!:.~.§..~ ..... .9..0 ..... g.9..:.g .. ~S~.~.n.e.1l:.g,.~) 18th session, Geneva, May 1954 Representatives: the Secretary-General

the Deputy Secretary-General

19th session, New York, October 1954 Representative the Deputy Secretary-General

~~c-P~?~ .... (~!..~.P.~E?!.?Ey .... q?.~.f!1.~ .!~.~.~ ..... ?X .... ~.~~ .... ~.~~) 26th session of the Preparatory Committee, Geneva, .May 1954 Representative the Deputy Secretary-General

27th session of the Preparatory Committee, New York, October 1954 Representative the Deputy Secretary-General .

~f\.9. .... ,tI.:~~,t~.~.~.~.~.~ ... . ~.?,.?,.~.~~.9~,~.~., ... q~.~.~.!.~.~.~, , ) 5th session, New York, November 1954 Representative Mr. JoL. Galloway

TAB (Technical Assistance Board' ' • • • •••• • ••• 4 •••• ~ •• •• • 6 •• • ' . . .. ... .... . ...... ...... . ...... . ... . . . .. .. , • • • • " . . . . .. . ... . .. . ... .. .... . .. 4 . .... . .. . ..... . . .... . " . .... . ......... .

28th session, New York~ March 1954 Repr~sentative Mr. JoL o Galloway

29th session, Geneva, May 1954 Representative Mr. J.L. Galloway

30th session, Geneva 9 July 1954 Representatives ~ Mr. J.L. Galloway

Dr. K. Langlo

31st session, New York, November-December 1954 Representative ' Mr. J.L. Galloway

15

IJ\Il~~~!i~~rii~~f~~g~i~~/;~iir~lpii~r~t1~~fA1i~!i~:~}~9~~~!; - §~p-tember 1954

Represenfative Mr. JoL. Galloway

ECOSOC

17th session, New York9 March 1954 Representatives ~ Mr. A.H . Nagle

Mr. J.Lo Galloway

18th session, Geneva, June-July-August 1954 Representatives: the Secretary-General

the Deputy Secretary-General Dr. K. Langlo Mr. J . L. GalJ.oway Mro VoJ. Bahr Mr. RoLo Munteanu

16 PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW .

~~.~ ... J.~.~.?:::?~~ .. ~ ..... ~?~~.~.~ .. ~.~.?~ ..... ~.?..~ ..... ?.~E.?.P.~) --Committee on Electric Power, Geneva, March 1954

(Group of Experts for the Study of Gross Hydro-Electric Potential) Representative Mro A.He Gordon

International Council for Building Research, Studies and Document­ation (CIBD); and

IltD session of the Electric Power Committee, Geneva, May 1954 Representative Dr. K. Langlo

1st Meeting of the Expert Group on Economic Development of South­ern Europe, Geneva, July 1954

Representative Mr. O.MG Ashford

Working Party on the Transport of Perishable Foodstuffs, Geneva, October 1954

Representative Dr. K. Langlo

Joint Meeting of the WOI'king Party on the Standardization of Perish­able Foodstuffs and the Working Party on the Transport of Perish­able Foodstuffs, Geneva, September-October 1954

Representative Dr. K. Langl0

~.g~y§ ....... \.~.~.?0.?~.~.~." ... ~.?,.~~ .. ~.~.~,?~ ...... ~.?E ..... ~.~.~.~ ..... ~.~~." .. !.~~ ..... f..~E." .. §.~ .. §.~ ) 10th session of Commission, Inland Transport and Industry and Trade

Committees, Kandy, Ceylon;! January-February 1954 Representative Mr. RoD. Kreltszheim

~.9.~.£g ..... ~.~.9. .. ~gn.? .. ~ ..... g~ .. ~.f§.!..~.~g.~ ..... .9..~ ..... ~.?!.~.:r. ..... ~.~.~.?~.~~ .. ~ .. ~ ..... P.~Y..~.!.?.P..~~ .. ~.~.L .. !?..~.Y.<?.' -"'J'ap'ah'~ · .. ·May 1954 Representative Dr. HD Hatakeyama

ECAFE - 4th session of Electric Power Sub-Committee Tokyo, October ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ~ ...... " ............... .. 1954

Representative Dr. Yukio Kawabata

q,~.~st ... ~ .. q.?!:.~.~ .. ~.:~ .. ~.~.~.'!.~ ..... ~.?.E~~!.!.~.~.~ ... J.?.:_ ... ~9.~~.~~.~!.:.~.!.~Y.:~ .. ~.9~.~q~.~~"9.L~: ) 15th session, New York, April 1954 Representative Mr .. V.Jo· Bahr

~g?~ ....... ~gg.~.~.~.~.!.~.~.~.Y..~ ..... ~9.~.~.~.~.~ .. ~ .... ,?.~ ..... ~~.~~.~.~ ...... ~ .. ~~.?!.~.~.~.~ .. ?..0. ) 20th session, Geneva, June 1954 Representative Tlllr. R.Lo Munteanu

21st session~ New York, November 1954 Representative Mr. R.L .. Munteanu

UN Film Board

22nd session, New York, November 1954 Representative Mr. R.L. Munteanu

PART IV - GENERAL REVIEW

United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund •• , ....... , .................. ~ .... , ••• ' ....................... , ••• " ........ - ............ ,,"' •• u •• _ .................... I ............................ ull ........ _ ...... , ...... _ •• ' •••• I ...

5th session, New York, April 1954 Representative Mr. V.J. Bahr

Special Conference of Non-Governmental Consultative Organizations 9 ..... · .. Ge'neva'·;···'·j·u·ne··' .. 'i'9·S4 .. '·' .. · .. ···, .. ,·· .. · .. ,· ........ ~.'., ........ ' ........ , .. " ......... " ........ " .......... "" ................................... , ......... _ ......................... " ................ " ....... . Representative Mro R.Lc Munteanu

G..9.D..f~;r;:,§.D.s:.§., .. .Q.f ...... tf.!,t..~.?2,Q.?,~"~.Q,0.?.t, .. 9..Q2 ... "N?!.~.9.n§,! ..... ~2D:Q9.Y..~F.D!.!2~n1,eXn"9.Eg .. ?.,~.~,~.­~!:,~g,P.§, New York, November 1954

,Representative Mr. RoLQ Munteanu

Meetings of international organizations --------------------~------------------

.y.J~g.§g,Q

17

1st meeting of the Advisory Committee for Documentation in the Natur­al Sciences, Paris, February 1954

Representative Mro AoWo Johnson

1st meeting of the Advisory Corrunittee on Research in the Natural Sciences 9 Paris 9 April 1954

Representative The Deputy Secretary-General

7th session of the Advisory Committee on Arid Zone Research, Paris, May 1954

Representative Dro K. Langlo

2hd session of the Internatio'nal Consultative Cammi ttee for Biblio­graphy, Paris~ May-June 1954

Representative Mr. M~ M~zin

8th session of Advisory Committee on Arid Zone Research and Intern­ational Symposium on World and Solar Energy, New Delhi, Bombay, October 1954

Representatives ~ Dro So Basu Dr. L.A .. Ramdas

Regional Symposium on Typhoons (organized by the South East Asia Science Co~operation Office of UNESCO), Tokyo, Japan, November 1954

Representatives Dr. H. Hatakeyama . Mr. RoH o Simpson

ICAO

4th Conference on North Atlantic Weather Stations, Paris, February 1954

Representatives g the Secretary-General Mr. No L4 Veranneman

18 PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW

4th session of the Meteorology Division (at ,the same time as the 1st session of the Commission for Aeronautical' Meteorology) Montreal, June-July 1954

Representatives ~ Dr. K. Laoglo Mro NoLQ.V~ranneman

3rd North Atlantic Regional Air Navigation Meeting, Montreal, October 1954

Representatives : the Deputy Secretary-General Mro A.H. Nagle .

Special European-Mediterranean Communication Meeting, Paris, November 1954 ·

Representative Mr. P. Leclercq

WHO

13th session, Executive Board, Geneva, January 1954 Representative the Secretary-General

Dr. K. Lang10

7th World Health Assembly, Geneva, May 1954 Representatives; the Secretary-General

FAG

the Deputy Secretary-General Dr. K" Langlo

Working Party on Desert Locust, Rome, September 1954 Representative Dr. K. Lan9lo

Working Party on the Development of the Grazing and Fodder Resources of the Near East, Baghdad, November 1954

Representatives ~ Mrc Toufig Fattah li.iir a J 0 Cocheme

ITU .. ,~.u ........ .

Meeting of the CCIF Commisston for·the Trunk Switching Programme, Geneva, September 1954

Repr'esentative . Mr. A. Megenine,

lATA

7th Technical Conference, Barcelona, April-May 1954 Representative ~ M:r;. N.L. Veranneman

10th Annual General Meeting, Paris, September 1954 Representatives: Mr. 10 Guir~ud

Mr. Martin de Vivies

GENERAL REVIEW

IFALPA

9th Conference, Zurich, March-April 1954 Representative Mr. NoLo Veranneman

Airborne Radar Meeting~. Lo'ndon, December 1954 Representative Mro R.Fo Jones

UGGI

10th General Assembly, Rome, September 1954 Representatives the President of WMO

the Secretary-General Dr" Ko Langlo

~-f..y.,~~~ (World Federation of United Nations Associations)

9th Plenary Assembly, Geneva, September 1954 Representative Mr. R~L" Munteanu

19

International Symposium on Experimental Meteorology (Commission Suis­se d'Etude pour la gr@le), Zurich; October 1954

Representative Mr. OaM. Ashford

4th World Forestry Congress~ Dehra Dun, India, December 1954

Group of Experts on SFERICS/ATMOS, Paris~ November-December 1954 Representative Mr. OeM. Ashford

1.5 ACTION }AKEN ON GENERAL b..§.§§.M!2I;:LAND ECONOMIC AND SOCI~.LfQ!JNCIL RE­gOMMENDATIQN~

It is pointed out that only a very small number of General As­sembly and ECOSOC resolutions apply to the technical work of the Or­ganization, because of its strictly specialized character a A majority of the resolutions implemented in 1954 therefore deal with the admi­nistrative co-ordination of Specialized Agencies or with the provi­sion of information to the Secretary-General of the United Nationso

Resolutions 628 (VII), 525 (VI) and 202 (III), dealing with the increase of food production remained the basis of WMO's efforts to advance the application of meteorology to agriculture, especially by increasing and improving crops. The Organizationts'activity in this field has been in connection with technical assistance for agricul~ tural meteorology, locust control, and meteorological 'contribution to the prevention of plant diseases and pestso Sections 5~2.6.7, 6~3.2l and 6.3022' in the technical part of this report contain fuller details of WMO agro·-meteorological activities. During

20

1.5.2

1.5.3

1.5.5

PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW '

its fifth session, in 1954, the WMO Executive Committee decided to invite Members of the Organization either to create national Oo-ordina­tion committees composed'of representatives' of institutions dealing with meteorology, agriculture, lifestock breeding', forestry, hydrology and soil science, or to establish appropriate direct liaison between the Meteorological Service, and other institutions.

General Assembly Resolutions 694 (VII) and 790 (VIII) ,concerning a general pattern of conferences, were borne in mind when preparing the Second World Meteorological Congress,to be held in April 1955. A circular letter was sent to all Member Governments, drawing their at­tention to the need for a regular long-term calendar of conferences being held under the auspices of WMO. As the meetings of WMO Regional Associations and Technical Commissions are held at the invitation of a host State, the main· obstacle to the preparation' of a balanced pro­gramme has been the impossibility of co-ordinating these invitations. The purpose of the circular letter from the Secretary-~eneral and the Congress working paper on this question is to enable' Congress to study any proposals made by governments and to discuss the preparation of a progran~e taking into account the calendars of meetings of the United Nations and the other Specialized Agencieso

In compliance with the recommendations made in Resolution 678 (VII), the Executive Committee of WMO recognized by its Resolution 2 (EC-V) the competence of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal for appeals relating to the non-observance of the statutes of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund. It also instructed the Secretary ... General to enter into negotiation with the United Nations with a view to implementing this decision ..

. .. In accordance with Resolution 311 A (IV), relating to contribu­

tions, WMO sent appropriate information to the United Nations in 1954 concerning contributions of its Member$, so that the United Nations Secretariat could submit it to the governments concerned with a re­quest that these ~ontributions be paid to the U~.· .

In conformity with Resolution 672 (VII) A and B regarding admi­nistrative and budgetary co-ordination, WMO submitted its budgetary estimates to the UN in the required form~. Administrative co-ordina­tion was ensured by WMO participation in the work of various consulta­tive bodies of the UN and the Specialized Agencies.

Resolutionsof the Economic and Social Council ---------------------------------------.-----

As in 1954, WNIO participated in the UN Expanded Programme for Technical Assistance in accordance with Resolutions 222 A (IX), 433A (XIV) and 542 III (XVIII) and in the arrangements concluded with the United Nations Technical Assistance Administration. 'Fuller information

1.5.7

1.5.8

PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW 21

regarding all_projects and programmes for 1955 is given in Part 5 of the present report.

In implementation of the provisions of Resolution 417 (XIV) on Arid Zone Research, the Arid Zone · Research Panel established· by WMO in 1952 commenced activity, which is intended, amongst other things, to contribute to the efforts of UNESCO and other Specialized Agencies in this field. Fuller details of WMO Arid Zone activities are given in Part 6, Section 6.2.40

WMO based its participation in international co-operation for the development and utilization of water resources on Resolutions 346 (XII), 417 (XIV), 463 (XV) and more especially 533 (XVIII).

Bearing in mind the recommendation$ made in Resolution 533(XVIII), the Executive Committee of WMO studied a report submitted by the Se­cretary-General and adopted Resolution 8 (EC~V) in which it instructed the Secretary-General :

(1) To carry out a prel iminary su:::vey and to prepare a report for Second Congress on the policy, principles and future programme

~ of the Organization in this field;

(2) To provide the maximum assistance to Members, the United N·ations and other Specialized Agencies on the meteorological aspects of water resource development and util-i-zation;

(3) To inform Permanent Representatives of Members, the United Na­tions and the Specialized Agencies concerned of the Organiza­tion's interest in this subject;

(4) To collaborate in this work with the International Association of Hydrology within the terms of the working arrangements with the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.

It also authorized the Secretary-General to obtain advice on a consultant basis from experts in different countries, if necessary. Details of action taken are given under Section 6020110

When preparing estimates of maximum expenditures for the second financial period and the prograrmne for the same period, covering 4 years from 1 January 1956, the Secretariat and the Executive Committee kept in mind ECOSOC Resolutions 451 (XIV), 324 (XI) and 402 B (XIII) concerning priorities and criteria to be observed in the establish­ment of prioritieso The above-mentioned estimates and programme are being submitted as a working paper for the Second Congress of WMO, which is to discuss them prior to adoption of the budget and which will also determine priorities.

In view of the very special nature of the questions handled by the Organization under the terms of · its 'Convention, the lists of

22 "PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW

priorities recommended by the United Nations are only applicable to a very limited extent. The Executive Committee considered it of prim­ary importance for WMO :

(a) To contribute more fully in the furthering of applied meteoro­logy,

(b) To meet the needs of 'organizations' concerned with various ap­plications,

(c) To overcome certain deficiencies~ eog.in networks and forecast­ing.

On the basis of these principles, projects proposed for the pro-gramme were divided into two categories~

projects of priority one, which are of such importance and urgen­cy as to justify the Secretary-General keeping"them fully staffed at all costs;

projects of priority two, which are useful and desirable, but which would not however, have to be kept fully staffedo

1.5.10 Resolution 553 (XVIII), on the co-ordination of the work of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies, was kept in mind when preparing the above-mentioned programme. The number of projects under­taken with other agencies or at their request has increased and is still increasing, so that concentration of efforts and resources of the Specialized Agencies is a factor of growing importance.

1.5.11 Resolution 403 B I (XIII) relating to the Catalogue of Economic and Social Projects was implemented in 1954, as in 1953. The Secretary­General of the United Nations received information on all WMO projects.

1.5.12 Taking the experience of 1953 into consideration, the present Annual Report has once again been drawn up in accordance with Reso­lution 497 (XVI); at the same time, the WMO Secretariat has endeav­oured to provide the Members of WMO with specialized technical in­formation.

106 hCTION IhKEN OR CONTEMPLATED IN IMP1§MENTATION OF UNLwMQ_AG,REgMENT

1.6.1 In accordance with Article II (Reciprocal Representation), the United Nations has been invited to send representatives to particip­ate without vote in the meetings of all the constituent bodies of WMO, without exception, which have held meetings during 1954.

WMO has in accordance with the same article been invited to be represented at a number of meetings held by the United Nations; the WMO sent representatives to the General Assembly, both sessions of the Economic and 806ia1 Council, the Technical Assistance Conferenc~

1.6.2

1.6.4

1.6.5

1.6.6

1.7

1.7.1

PART 1 GENERAL REVIEW · 23

Committee and Board, the Transport and Communications Commission, the three Regional Economic Commissions and certain of their subsidiary bodies, as well as to the Administrative Committee on Co-ordination and all its subsidiary bodies. (See Section 104)

In conformity with paragraph (3) of Article IV (Recommendations of the United Nations)~ WWD participated in the work of all the co­ordinating bodies and provided them with all necessary information relating fo administrative and financial questions, methods and pro­cedures, and public information. It might be mentioned in this con­nection that 1954 was the first year in which WMO participated in the work of the UN Film Board.

In accordance with Article V (Exchange of Info~mation and Docu­ments), WMO transmitted to the United Nations all documents and pu­blications which appeared in 19540 It received in exchange all United Nations documentationo An annual report for 1953 was submitted to the 18th session of the Economic and Social Council.

In application of Article IX (Personnel Arrangements), the WMO Secretariat submitted to the Executive Committee during 1954 certain . modifications and additions to the Internal Staff Rules in view of similar changes made in the corresponding UN texts. The Secretariat also prepared for Second Congress a list of the amendments to the United Nations Staff Regulations adopted by the UN General Assembly. Congress will study these amendments with a view to 'possible revi­sion of the WMO Staff Regulationso

Acting in accord with paragraph (3) of the same article, the WMO Executive Committee decided to recognize the comp~tence of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal for appeals relating to the non-observ­ance of the United Nations Staff Pension Fund Statutes e The Secre­tary-General has initiated the necessary negotiations with the United Nations with a view to implementing these decisions.

In accordance with Article X (Statistical Services), WMO has pro­vided the Regional Economic Commissions of the United Nations with meteorological statistical data on several occasions.

Under the provisions of paragraph (3) of Article XII (Budgetary and Financial Arrangements), W~~ sent its budgetary estimates for 1955 to the UN for presentation to the General Assembly; it also transmit­ted the final 1955 budget for the same purposeo As in previous years, the Organization has followed the standard budgetary and financial practices and forms recommended by the United Nationso

LIST OF MEETINGS OF WJv() ..£ON.§TITUENL!.?ODIES, HELD 9R CONT~MPLATED

The first session of Regional Association V (South-West Pacific) was held at Melbourne (Australia) from 19 to 31 January 19540 Nine

24

1.7.2

1.7.3

1.7.4

1.7.5

PART 1 ,'GENERAL'REVIEW

of the ten Members of the Association (.States ,and Territories) 'were represented o Four other countr'ies (Chile,France, ',the Dominican Re­public and Thi":lilabd)' sent obs,ervers ~ The Intern~tional Civil Aviation Organization and the Pacific Science Association were als,o represent­ated by observers.

In 'accordance with the working arrangement with ICAO, the first session of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology met simulta­neously with the fourth session of the, ICAO Meteorology Division in Montreal (Ganada) from 15 June to. 14 July 1954 0 Delegations from 27 Members ofWMO and- observers from one non-Member country (Iran) were present. Observers were also sent by the International Air Transport Association, the International Air Line Navigators Council and the International ,Civil Aviation Organization.

The Eastern Caribbean Hurricane Committee, a subsidiary body of Regional Association IV (North and Central America), held its third session at Kent House, Port of Spain (Trinidad ... British West Indian Territories) from 24 to 26 March ,1954. The meeting was attended by the d~legates, of seven WMO Member States, as well as 22 advisers, ex­perts and observers mostly representing air navigation, transport· and telecommunications companies. Observers were also present from El Salvador ~nd Honduras, which are non-Member States.

The fifth session of th~ Executive Committee was held at the Palais des Nations in Geneva (Switzerland) from 25 August to 11 Sep­tember 1954 and was attended by the 15 members of, the Committee. The Presidents of 3 WMO Technical Commissions also attended. The United Nations, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Education­al Scientific and Cult~ral Organization and the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics sent observers to certain meetings of the session.

Sessions of the following WMO constituent bodies have been or will be held in 1955 :

Regional Association II (Asia), first session, 2 to 16 February 1955, New-Delhi, India

Executive Committee, sixth session, 12 April 1955, Geneva, , (Swi tzer land)

Second World Meteorological Cong,ress, 14 April 1955 (duration , approximately 4 weeks), Geneva (Swi tzerland)

Executive Committee, seventh,session,19 May (immediately after Congress), Geneva (Switzerland).

,","

[ PAR T -;-]

COMPOS IT ION OF THE_QRGANIZA TION-hl:!QJTS ..,gON§.'IlI.YE!JT BO.Ql§

2.1 BAT!f1CATIONS OF I~BbD METEOROLOGIgAL CONVENTION AND~§SIONS

2.1.1. The total number of Members of the Organization on 1 January 1954 was 82, of which 58 were States and 24 Territories.Since that date, instruments of accession to the World Meteorological Conven­tion of llOctober 1947 have been deposited with the Department of State of the United States of America by the following Governments:

Bolivia Federal Republic of Germany

Accession, 15 May 1954 Accession, 10 June 1954.

. The Spanish Government gave notification on 25 March 1954 that the Spanish Guinea Territories Qnd the Territories of the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco had also become Members of ·the Organization.

2.1.2 The Government of the French Republic gave ~otification on 24 November 1954 that it had relinquished the responsibilities under­taken towards the Organization in order to ensure continuity in re­spect of Indochina during the transitional period between recogni­tion of the independence of Viet Nam, Cambodia and Laos and the date of transfer of the local meteorological services to these States.

2.1.3 The Governrne~t of .the United Kingdom of Great Britain and North-ern Ireland annou~ced on 27 September 1954 that the Member of the Or­ganization known until then as "the British Central African Territo­ries" would henceforth be called tithe Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland" 0

2.1.4 On 1 January 1955, the total number of Members of the Organiz-. ation was 85, of which 60 were States and 25 Territories. The c.om­pletA list of' Members on that date was' as foJlows ~

I. Members under the terms of Article 3, paragraphs (a),(b) and tc):

Argentina Australia Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Burma Byelorussian SSR Canada

Ceylon China Cuba Czechoslovakia Denmark Domin~can Republic Ecuador Egypt Ethiopia

26 PART 2 ... COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANIZATION AND ITS CONSTITUENT BODIES

Finland France Germany, Federal Republic of Greece Guatemala Haiti Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Japan Lebanon Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Pakistan ,

Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Syria Thailand Turkey _ Ukrainian SoS.R. Union of South Africa -Union-of Soviet Socialist

Republics United Kingdom of Great Britain

and Narthern Ireland United States of America Uruguay Venezuela Yugoslavia

II. Members under the terms of Article 3, paragraph (d) ~

2.2

2.2.1

Belgian Congo British Caribbean Territories British East African Territories

and Indian Ocean Islands British Malaya/Borneo

Territories British West African Territories Cameroons Federation of Rhodesia and

Nyasaland French Equatorial Africa French Oceania French Somaliland French Togoland

APPLICATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP - ..... ~---.-.--------...-... ........-... ...........

French West Africa Guinea, Spanish Territories of Hong Kong Madagasc~r and Dependencies Morocco, French Protectorate of Morocco, Territories of the

Spanish Protectorate of Netherlands Antille~(Cura~ao) Netherlands New Guinea New Caledonia Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique). Portuguese West Africa (Angola) Surinam

, Tunisia

On 31 March 1953, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the German Democratic Republic applied for membership of the Organization under the terms of Article 3 (c) of the World Meteorological Convention. The application was accompanied by the statement foreseen in General Regulations 4 and 5, regarding the Meteorological Service of the German Democratic Republic. The Secretariat informed Member States

2.2.2

2.3

2.3.1

2.3.2

PART 2 - COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANIZATION AND ITS CONSTITUENT BODIES 27

of this application by a circular letter dated 23 April 1953. Thirty seven (37) favourable repiies(that is to say from two-thirds of the Member States consulted) were necessary for 'membership to be granted. By 1 January 1955, the Secretariat had received 18 replies in favour, 20 against and 11 declarations of abstention .

On 16 August 1954, the Federal Chancellor of Austria submitted an application for membership of the Organization on behalf of Austria, under the terms of Article 3 (c) of the World Meteorological Conven­tion. The statement concerning the Austrian Meteorological Service re­quired in accordance with General Regulations 4 and 5 accompanied the application. The Secretariat informed Member States of this application, by a circular letter dated 20 September 1954. Forty (40) favourable replies (that is to say from two-thirds of the Member States consulted) were necessary for membership to be granted. By ~3November 1954,the Secretariat had received 40 replies in f?vour. The application by Austria was thus approved and the Secretariat therefore informed all Member States by a circular letter dated 2 December 1954,that Austria had been authorized to accede to the Convention.

On 21 August 1954, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Viet Nam applied on behalf of that country for membership of the Organiz­ation under the terms of Article 3 (c) of the World Meteorological Convention. The Secretariat informed Member State.s of this applic­ation by a circular letter dated 11 October 1954. Forty(40) favour-' able replies (that is to say from two-thirds of the Member States consulted) were necessary in this case also for membership to be granted. By 1 January 1955, the Secretariat had received 33 replies in favour and 2 declarations of abstention.*)

PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES (See Annex 1) -----------The following countries either designated their Permanent Re-

presentatives during 1954 or designated new Representatives

Bolivia Germany, Federal Republic of Hong Kong India Romania Sweden Syria

It will be noted that by comparison with 1952 and 1953 the num­ber of changes is small and the list of Permanent Representatives has become stable; this is a definite advantage for the Secretariat.

During 1954, the Secretariat continued the enquiry begun in March 1953 regarding the terms of reference of the Permanent

~-----*) As the fourthieth favourable reply was received on 26 January 1955,the Secret-ariat informed all Member States that the Viet Nam was authorized to accede to the Convention.

28 PART 2 - COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANIZATION AND ITS CONSTITUENT BODIES

2.4

.2.4.1

2.4.2

Representatives. Correspondence on this subject was exchanged with Members who had not indicated the terms of reference of their Per­manent Representatives, as well as with States and Territories which had become Members in 1954.

By virtue of his election as President of Regional Association II Mr. S. Basu, Director of the Indian Meteorological Service became a member of the Executive Committee, which is now complete.

The Executive '. Committee established or ma.intained the follow-ing working groups for the period between the sessions ~

Working Group for the International Geophysical Year' Working Group on the Development of the Technical Division Working Group on the International Meteorological Tables Working Group for disposition of the Assets of the former

International Meteorological Organization.

2.5 BgGIQNhL ASSQCIATION§,

2.5.1

2.5.2

Some applications for Membership were received,during the year 1954 and the composition of the WMO Regional Associat:Lons· on first January 1955 was as follows ~

'B~giopaL8§sociati9n l_Ldlll.£ll President : Mr. DoA. Davies (British East African Territories

and IndianOcean Islands), re-elect.ed in 1953.

On 1 January 1955, the Association was composed as follows ~

19 Members (5 States and 14 Territories)

Ethiopia was invited to become a Member of Regional Association I, but has not yet applied for membership.

I

During its first session, the Association established thefo llowing working groupS' for the period between sessions :

Working Group on Meteorological Telecommunications Working Group on Solar Radiation Working Group for a Climatological Atlas for' Africa.

Re.9i£!:illL~iatl2nuILJ.t\~l President ~ Mr. S. Basu (India), elected by correspondence in

1954.

After consultation of Members of the Association by correspond~ ence, Ceylon and Japan were admitted as Members of the Association

2.5.3

2.5.4

2.5.5

2.5.6

PART 2,:-: ,COMPOSITION OF -THE ORGANIZATION AND ITS CONSTITUENT BODIES 29

sO,that on l'January 1955, the Association was composed as follows

'9 Members (8 States and 1 Territory).

R§.9i£.na 1~.§'§'Q£ ia tiQnJIJ_C§Quth~,8m€Z.1l.£~)

President ~ MrQ F.X.R. de Souza (Brazil), re-elected in 1953.

On 1 January 1955, the Association was composed as follows ~

10 Members (8 States and 2 Territories)

The application for Membership made by Bolivia has been submit­ted to Members of the Association. The results of this consultation are not yet known.

During its first session, the Association established the follow-ing working groups for the period between the sessions,:

Working Group on Telecommunications Working Group on Equatorial Meteorology Working Group on Climatology (Climatological atlas and punched

cards) Working Group on Maritime ivleteorology Working Group on Meteorolog,ical Terminology.

B.§9. ioQ§L~~iai~.QnJ.Y._JJ~orth aIl9._ Centr&_~.ica )

President ~ Mr. A. Thomson (Canada), re-elected in 1953.

After consultation of Members of the Association by correspond­ence, Guatemala and the British Caribbean Territories were admitted as Members of the Association. On 1 January 1955 it was composed as follows ~

10 Members (7 States and 3 Territories)

During its first session, the Association established the follow­ing working group for the period between the sessions:

Working Group HEastern Caribbean Hurricane Committee".

Seq lQ.Qa 1 A,~§...Q.£,ta t 1QJJ_lLJ SO~.:th -W,g s t P ~ if i 9-' President ~ Dro MoA.F. Barnett· (New Zealand), re-elected in 1954.

On 1 January 1955, the Association was composed as follows ~

10 Members (6 States and 4 Territories)

During its first session, the Association established the follow­ing working group for the period between the sessions :

Working Group on Meteorological Telecommunications.

B.§,gl£n~Lt.h§~Q.i?-.i?-.2rLY.tJ EyrQ12.§) ,

President: Prof. Jo Lugeon (Switzerland), re-elected in 1952.

30 PART 2 - COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANIZATION AND ITS CONSTITUENT BODIES

After consultation of Members of the Association by correspond-ence, Syria was admitted as a Member of the Association.

On 1 January 1955 1 the Association was composed as follows :

29 Member States.

The application for Membership made by the Federal Republic of Germany was submitted to the Members of the· Association, but the results of the consultation are not yet known.

During its first session, the Association established the fol­lowing working group for the period between the sessions

Working Group on Meteorological Transmissions •.

2. 6 ~.iQ.8~.Q)Nt'1-ISS IQN§

2.6.1

2.6.2

2.6.3

The composition of the Technical Commissions changed only slight· ly during 1954 and 1 January 1955 was as follows ~

.Qgmmis s iQ}l ... ~ 0;-~ 1 o...9.Y.J...g~e )

President: Prof. J. Van Mieghem (re-e1ected in 1953).

Forty eight (48) Members of the Organization designated 72 ex­perts for this Commission. During its first session, the Commission established the following working groups for the period between the sessions :

Working Group on Upper Air Networks for Numeral Forecasting Working Group on Atmospherics Working Group on Modification and Control of Clouds and

Hydrometeors Working.Group on'RadiationFunctions and Constants Working Group on Revision of IMO Publication No. 79 Working Group on Aerological Diagrams.

,ggmmi~§.i or:L f or .l!.~L~2lJ§..tl~iill.,}A<tt'§.Q.tQ lO,9.ll CAeM) President ~ Mra A.He Nagle (re-elected in 1954).

Fifty-eight (58) Members of the Organization designated 82 ex­perts for this Commission. During its first session, the Commission established the following working group for the period between ses­sions ~

Working Group on Observing Techniques for Meteorological Re~onnai$sance Flights •

.Qomm=L~~.Ql}.L~! .. J.tg.!:i£!:!.tt~;r§.J~.t~Q .. r.Q19SY~(g8.9l.41 President ~ Mr. J.J. Burgos (re-elected in 1953).

Fifty (50) Members of the Organization designated 69 experts

2.6.4

2.6.5

2.6.6

PART 2 - COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANIZATION AND ITS CONSTITUENT BOOIES 31

for this Commission. During its first session, the Commission estab­lished the following working groups for the period between sessions

Working Group on Observational Requirements in Agriculture Working Group on the Effects of Weather on Domestic Animals Working Group on Weather and Plant Pathology Problems Working Group on Meteorological Assistance in Locust Control Working Group on Instruction in Agricultural,Meteorology.

Commission for BibliograQhy and Publication iCBP)

President: Mr. M. Mezin (re-elected in 1953).

Thirty-five (35) Members of the Organization designated 44 ex­perts for this Commission. During its first session, the Commission established the following working group for the period between ses­siohs :

Working Group on Terminology.

~ssion for Climatoloqy_LC~l)

President : Dr. C.Wo Thornthwaite (re-elected in 1953).

Fifty-four (54) Members of the Organization designated 77 ex~ perts for this Commission. Since the first session, the Commission established the following working groups for the period between sessions :

Working Group on Climate and Health Working Group on Punched Card Layout Working Group on Microclimatology Working Group on Dynamic Climatology Working Group on Statistical Methods in Climatology Working Group on International exchange of Historical

Weather Data Working Group on Rules and Practices Working Group on Requirements for Networks and Obse~vations Working Group on Form of Climatological Summaries Working Group on Climate and Agricultureo

~ommissi.QrLf.2Llnstr1illJents-1!nd2.1§th2.9.Lof~servation.J.gJMQ)

President ~ Mr. A. Per1at (elected in 1953).

Fifty-four (54) Members of the Organization designated 77 ex­perts for this Commission. Since the first session, the Commission established the following working g~oups for the period between sessions ~

Working Group on Measurement of Rainfall Working Group on Visibility Measurement Working Group on Hygrometry Working Group on Radiation

32 PART 2 - COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANIZATION AND 'ITS CONSTITUENT BODIES

2.6.7

2.6.8

Working, Group on Radiosonde Comparison Working Group on Measurement of Soil Moisture Working Group on Barometry.

g£mmi.§. s ion f_Q.!J~!1ll .. t~ime I~,et.§.Q!.o 1 <;l9.Ym.i CIVlM)

President ~ Cmdr o CeE.,N. Frankcom (re-elected in 1952) •

. Forty-six (46) Members of the Organization designated 63 experts for this Commission. During its first session, the Commission estab­lished the following' four working groups, which will continue to study various questions :

Working Group for the Organization of Synoptic Observations over the Oceans .

Working Group on Methods of Observation at Sea Working Group on Applied Meteorology and Climatology Working Group for the study of Problems involving International

Accord in Maritime Climatology.

Commis.§ ion ior2ynoJ2.tiLMet~.Q!,.Qb').9.Y...iCSM)

President g Prafe Dr. Wo Bleeker (re-elected in 1953).

Fifty-seven (57) Members of the Organization designated 91 ex­perts for this Commissioho. During its first session, the Commission established the following working groups

Working Group on Telecommunications Working Group on Networks.

l. ~_A R T

3.1 BgytSlQN OF THE CONVENTION A~NEBAL REGULATION~

During its third session, in 1952, the Executive Committee con­sidered that a study should be made regarding thEt possible revision of the General Regulations and the Convention of the Organization. After a working group of the Executive Committee met in 1953 and the Executive Committee itself had considered th~ question in 1953 and 1954, the following conclusions were recorded g

(a) It will not be necessary to split the existing General Regul­ations into two parts, one containing the General Regulations and the other the Rules of Procedure, but it will be sufficient to indicate in the General Regulations those which can be sus­pended by the constituent bodies;

(b) Contrary to first impressions, it will not be neoessary to transform the General Regulations into an additional protocol tq the Convention; they can retain their present status of a Congress resolution;

(c) The proposed modifications to certain individual regulations of the existing General Regulations will be submitted to' the Second World Meteorological Congress in April 1955. It is pointed out that the purpose of these changes is to accelerate and facilit­ate theOrganization 1 s work by simplifying procedure and in­troducing the possibility of consulting Members of the Organiz­ation by letter, with a period of 90 days in which to reply.

3,.2 RESULTS OF I;NQUIRIES._QARBIED_OUT AMO!iQ§] MEMBgRS_.BY_THE SEgRETARIAT J21!ElNG..J952 AND 1954

The enquiries regarding the terms of reference of Permanent Re­presentatives of Member States and the authorities competent to"ac­credit delegations for the various sessions of WMO were continued and will continue in so far as concerns new Members of the Organiz­ation and existing Members who have not yet replied.

The enquiry concerning WMO co-operation with non-Member count­riescontinued in accordance with the provisions of Resolution 10 (EC-III) of the, third session of the Executive Committee. Members of the Organization indicated the non-Member countries with which co­operation in the field of meteorology is considered necessary. A complete list of all countries indicated in the replies was then submitted to all Members of the Organization for information and comments. The comments on the list were then circulated to Members.

34 PART 3 - QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE CONVENTION AND GENEP.f.LL REGULATIONS

Towards the end of 1954, this enquiry was combined with another which the Executive Committee had instructed t l1e Secretariat to unde~ take; the purpose of the latteJ-:' was to ascertain l'.r.h i ch . non''':1ember countries should be invited to send observers to the Second World Me­teorological Gongr~ss .In accordance with Resolution 4 (EC-V) the Se­cretariat requested the governments of non~~Mer{lbers to send it an official statement regarding the existence of a Meteorological Serv­ice in their country. On the basis of the replies received and the results of the enquiry mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the Se­cretariat organized a postal ballot regal:'ding the invitation of non~·

Members to Second Congr~ss. As a result of this ballot, which closed on 29 December 1954, the following States were invited :

Austria' Cambodia Chile Colombia Costa Rica El Salvador Honduras Iran

Jordan Liberia Libya Panama Somaliland Trusteeship Territory

(under Italian Administration) Sudan Viet Nam

Moreover, the following States can be invited once they have replied to the enquiry regarding national Meteorological Services :

Afghanistan Saudi Arabia Albania South Korea

(PeopleslRepublic of) (Republic of) Laos · Yemen Nicaraoua

3.3 REVISION· OF THE FINANCIAL REG~ATIO~

The Secretariat made a detailed study of the existing Financ­ial Regulations and a few modifications of detail will be proposed to the Second Congress.

3.4 BEYISION OF THE STAFF_REGULATIONS

The study begun .by the Secretariat in 1953, concerning the pos­sible revision of the Staff Regulations, was completed at the end of 1954. It takes into account in particular the modifications made by the eigrth and ninth Genera1Assemblies of the ' United Nations in the Staff Regulations of that Organizationo Second Congress will consi­der the possibility of modifying the Staff Regulations in the light of these amendments.

PAR T 4 I ~XTERNA1aRFL~TION§

Note In this part no reference is made to relations with the United Nations, Specialized Ag~encies and other international organizations, as this relationship is described in Part 1, Section 1.3.

4.1 BELATIONS WITH THE HO§LCOUNTRY

By Resolution 42 (I), First .Congress authoriied the Executive Com­mi ttee to enter into an Agreement with the Swiss Federal COuncil on the same basis as the Agreement of the World Health Organization with the

,Swiss Federal Council. By Resolution 11 (EC-II) the. Executive Committee approved, as a result of negotiations between the Secretary-General and the Swiss Government and as a basis for fUrther negotiations, a draft Agreement and a draft Pl~n for its execution. Negotiations on this sub­ject have continued almost without interruption during 1954 and there are good reasons to presume that both documents mentioned can be signed in the ne~r future. *)

4.2 RELATIONS WITH NON-~EMBfE-QQYNTRt~§ In conformity with Resolution 9 (I) of First Congress and bearing

in mind the importance of universality in the field of meteorQlogy,the Organization has continued·to maintain the closest possible continuous relations with non-Member countries.

As in previous years, the Secretariat's principal efforts have been devoted to preparing ratification of the WMO Convention or ac­cession to it. The approach of Second Congress and the desire of certain States to conclude the necessary formalities in time to per­mit participation in Second Congress with full voting rights have contributed to" the success of these efforts. Bolivia and the Federal Republic of Germany have become Members, whilst Austria and the Viet Nam have been authorized to do so.

Moreover, the Organization was in communication during 1954 with the Governments of Chi1e~Colombia,Costa Rica,El Salvador and Iran.The Secretariat provided these countries with information regarding the advantages of participation in WMO activitiesoIt also sent them the texts of WMO Basic Documents and informed them of the number of units of contribution which they would be required to pay.It should be point­ed out that the Organization received considerable assistance in this task from the permanent delegations maintained by these States inGeneva with the European Office of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies.

The technical assistance in meteorology provided under the United Nations Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance to Libya and Jordan in 1954 and that planned for Chile, Iran and Nicaragua in 1955 constitutes an important aspect of WMO relations with non-

*) The documents mentioned above were signed on lOth March 1955.

36

4.3.1

4.3.2

PART 4 - EXTERNAL RELATIONS

Member countries. Except in the case of Chile, the primary object of this assistance is to facilitate the establishment of national Meteorological Services in these countries, in the best interests of the national economy and the safety of national and internation­al transport. In the case of Chile, this assistance is in the field of agricultural meteorology and relates more particularly to weather forecasting for the defence against potato blight.

PUBLIC INFORMATION SERVICES .....--- ............ - ........ In carrying out its public information work, the Secretariat

has constantly borne in mind that the aim is not to produce propa­ganda or to use the funds made available by governments in order to vaunt the Secretariat or its accomplishments, but rather to info~ the public and the governments themselves regarding the use made of the funqs given to WMO and indicate the contribution which theOxgan­izat~on and meteorology·in general can make to economic development.

Yll!:.!.llen in f ~i0..n WMO's increased technical activity in 1954 and the relatively

large number of meetings of Commissions in 1953, has made it pos·· sible to expand the programme of press information consisting of press releases and conferences as well as direct contact with jour­nalists. Thanks to the constant heJp of the United Nations Depart ..

. ment of Public Information in New York and its Information Centre in Geneva, WMO's press releases have been very widely distributed and VVMO has been brought to the attention of journalists and large information agencies. On numerous occasions the Secretariat ha.s received -requests from journalists for supplementary information or basic data for the preparation of more detailed 8:rtic1es on the Organization and its activities.

The WMO Bulletin, an illustrated quarterly publication, con­tinued to be issued in separate English and French editions. Its purpose is to inform Meteorological Services and the general public about the activity of the Organization .. {See Section 6.5.1)

~isual informa.iiQ.n

Whilst written information is no~ very costly, due to the help received from the United Nations', visual information, even if on a very modest scale, involves expenditure. In order to reduce expense and to take advantage of the existing installations, WMO obtained authority from the International Labour Office to use the photo­graphic laboratory of the Public Information Division of that Organ­ization, without payment. The services of the photographer employ­ed by the ILO were obtained at a very reasonable charge. As a result of this arrangement, which came into force in June 1954, photographic archives are now being built up and photographic enlargements are supplied to j-ournalists and press agencies. This same Service is

4.3.3

4.3.4

PART 4 EXTERNAL RELATIONS 37

used for the preparation of photographs required for exhibitions and for the reproduction of photographs for the WMO Bulletin.

In view of the very limited sum available to the Secretariat in 1954 for public information, the Organization was only able to parti­cipate in four exhibitions during the current year. The most import­ant of these was the International Exhibition at Damascus:lwhich was held in September and October. It was decided to participate in this exhibition in view of the importance of attracting the attention of the Arab countries of the Middle East to meteqrology, lNMO and tech­nical assistance in meteorology. The preparation, dispatch and in­stallation of display panels and the cost of participation in this exhibition involved expenditure amounting to three-quarters of the total budgetary approximations of 500 dollars granted for 1954. A series of display photog~aphs andtexts'has been prepared at the request of the United States information services, for inclusion in a travelling exhibition· dealing with the United Nations and its Specialized Agencies, which is at present touring Spain. Similarly, photographic exhibition material was supplied to the Permanent De­legation of Japan in Geneva, for display in Tokyo in February 1954. WMO has taken part as usual in the exhibition organized in Geneva for United Nations'Day.

Q.ra l_,ini.Qrma tion

This.is the field inwhichWMO's information prograrrune is the least developed. Only three or four broadcasts were devoted to WMO during 1953 and 1954. As a result of efforts made by the United Nations Department of Public Information and of contacts made during the Asiatic Conference in Geneva, it was possible during the second half of 1954 and the beginning of 1955 to record interviews with ex­perts or delegates in their own languages when they were passing through Geneva or New Yorko These interviews, prepared by theSe­cretariat in collaboration with the person interviewed, will be used by the national networks of countries speaking the language in question.

Upon the invitation of the Austrian League for the . United Nations, the Secretary-General visited Vienna and made several state­ments and talks concerning the World Meteorological Organization. A number of student groups visited the Secretariat and heard statements by the Deputy Secretary-General.

Technical ,as~istarice

A special effort has been made with regard to technical assist­ance activitieso The organizations participating in the United Na­tions Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance agreed upon the need for a considerable increase in the supply of information con­cerning both the programme in general and the individual national projects. Such action would ensure that the non-specialized(par­liamentary and administrative) circles of under-developed countries

38

4.3.5

PART 4 - EXTERNAL RELATIONS

are better informed regarding the opportunities and advantages offer~ ed by the programme and, in the case of WMO, on the usefulness in'the national economy of an improved Meteorological Service. It has also proved indispensable to educate contributing countries regarding the practical effects of theprogra~ne and the importance not only of continuing to support it, but also of not reducing it. In order to achieve this aim, the Secretariat has taken every opportunity to con­tact journalists, to provide them with subjects for articles and with photographs illustrating existing technical assistance projects in meteorology, and to e'ncourage them ,to publicise the' work of experts and the ass'is'tance given to scholars and fellows 0 The leaflet on 'technical assistance has a 1so been published in Spanish and Arabic. During seminars, study weeks and conferences of non-governmental or­ganizations, attention has been drawn to technical assistance in meteorology and current projects.

En9uiry re..9ardin9..mgteo!ol.Qg.~.££l. films

In accordance with instructions of the Executive Committee, the Secretariat carried out an enquiry =egarding the production of meteor­ological films and the establishment of a loan service for such films. The results of this enquiry will be submitted to the Second Worl,d Me­teorological Congress. On the basis of information 'supplied by the national services, the Secretariat has published a catalogue of the

'meteorological films at present available in the world.

5.1

5.1.1

R T 5 I IECHNICAL 82§ISTANCE

REGULAR PROG~

Projects implemented

First Congress allocated US $ 1,000 to be _dey~:'-tJ:td J __ Q_technical assistance in the first financial period of the Organization. The Executive Committee, at its fourth session, included this sum in the budget of the Organi.za:tion for 1954. The Executive Committee Advis­ory Committee on Technical Assistance authorized expenditure on pro­jects in Haiti and Syria in response to requests from the Governments of these countries for technical assistance in meteorology.

Baiti: US $ .250 for an expert to advise the Government on obtain­ing power from wind.'

,At an early stage folldwing the admission of the World Meteoro­logical Organiz&tion to participation in the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance, the Government of Haiti showed interest in the development of Meteorological Services within its territory. Haiti has been a Member of the Organization since ·13, September 1951 ~ its meteorological activities have been directed mainly tbwards climato­logical matters and early talks dealt with the strengthening of syn­optic servicesQ Lack of funds for equipment presented a real diffi­culty in the formal development 6f an expert project, but a fellow­ship was awarded in the Expanded Programme in this field in 1954.

However, at a time when Technical Note No. 4 "Energy from the Wind It was being pr,epared in the Secretariat, the Government showed great interest in a part:lgraph in-\he "Report of the United Nations Mission of Technical Assistance to the Republic of Haiti" - July 1949 (Rosenberg Report) on the same subject, as follows :

"The Mission recommends' that • II 0 •• consideration be given to the possibili,ty of converting the energy of prevailing winds into power".

It happened -that a sectional meeting of the World Power Confer­ence was being held in Rio de Janeiro at the end of July 1954. It was possible that o~portunity might be taken of the travel of experts to thi.s meeting to arrange for a visit to be paid to Haiti in this connection t at minimum cost. Urgency did not permit of any likeli­hood of aid from the Expanded Prog,ramme. The Executive Committee Ad ... visory Committee concurred and arrangements were made at very short notice for an expert from the United Kingdom to make a side-trip from Trinidad to Haiti for a three-days I visit.

40 PART 5 - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

In his report, the expert advised·that the best way to deter" mine what scope there might be for the utilizat~on of wind power plant of various sizes would be the undertaking of a wind velocity survey of the country. The expert suggested that 8 to 10 widely distributed measuring stations might be setup and annexed details of equipment

'required, the cost of which amounted to US $ 2,200 equivalenta' An expert would be necessary for a period of 3 months to set up the sta­tions and instruct observers who would thereafter continue to take a full planned series of observations. Approval was obtained from the Technical Assistance Board for the inclusion of appropriate funds for development of the project in this manner in the Expanded Pro­gramme of Technical Assistunce for 1955.

Syris : US $ 750 as a contribution towards the estimated cost (US . $ 4,750) of. an expert to advise the Government on the organ­

ization of a National Meteorological Service.

Syria became a Member of the Organization on 15 August 19520

By a Legislative Decree, existing departemental Meteorological Services were united in 1953 into a National Meteorological Service and an Inter-Departmental Committee comprised of representatives of the various interested Ministries was set up to supervise the new Service. The Committee framed a request for technical assistance in the form, in the first instance, of an ,expert for a period of three months during 1954 to advise on the esta.b1ishment of the new Service. This assistance was wanted rather urgently.

The request was referred to the United Nations Technical Assist­ance Administration together with a recommendation that it should be added to the approved 1954 Expanded Programmeo The cost of a consult­ant for 3 months wa$ estimated by the TAA at US $ 4,750 and on the basis of savings from its allocations for other projects for· 1954, TAA offered to put up US $ 4,000.

The Executive Committee Advisory Committee on Technical Assist­ance was consulted and it agreed that WMO might contribute the bal­ance of US $ 750 required, to enable the project to go forward.

A Swedish expert took up assignment in September 1954, and his report is expected to form the blue-print of the Serviceo Meanwhile, provision has been made by the Technical Assistance Board !n the Ex~ panded Progra.mme for 1955 for an expert to advise the Government on meteorological matters at all levels, to take up an as.signment with effect from 1 July 19550

Secon£L fin~D£i21 period

The Executive Committee, at its fifth session, considered that Second Congresss~ould have at its disposal up-to-date figux'es show­ing the needs of Members. for technical assistance and directed the Secretary-General

0.2

5.2.1

PART 5 - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 41

"to carry out with Permanent Representatives an informal survey of potential technical assistance requirements of Members cover­ing the next two or three years'~ it being made clear that the creation of a regular programme of technical assista.nce~ combined with, but distinct from its Expanded Programme~ was being con-s idered at.

From the results of this survey and on the basis of projections of programmes already in operation, and with regard to possible addi­tional programmes, it has been estimated o"n costing to a first approx­imation, that about US $ 400,000 would be required to implement in full the volume of technical assistance programmes on an expert/fellow­ship basis indicated for 33 countries in 1956, and a like sum in suc­ceeding years. Further, there were requests in connection with the publication of . (fat-a, theprbvision of equipment, and the remedying of network deficiencies which were outside .. the sphere of the. Expanded Programme •.

gXPAN6~D PROGRAMME

~!ief resumL2f-1h~_UN EXQanded Programme 'of Technical Assist.,9nce as ~ole

1954 was the fourth financial period of the UNEPTA. In the first and second financial periods (1950-1951 and 1952) the Technical Assist­ance Board had had ample funds to meet requests for technical assist­ance, but in 1953 the requests had grown to such volume as to require, for implementation, funds 75% in excess of those available. Measures had to be taken by the Board so to restric,t the programme as to main­tain its financial solvency, and these continued to be effective dur­ing 1954 in the form of the application by countries of a system of priorities to individual projects in their respective programmes. One of the difficulties under which the Expanded Programme operated was the lack of an adequate Working Capital Fund: initially only ·3 miliion dollars had been provided, but the Economic and Social Council now decided to set aside from contributions received, 3 mil­lion dollars in each of the years 1954, 1955 and 1956, to achieve a

~Working Capital Fund of 12 million dollars in all. A direct result of the inadequacy of this Fund 'is that until contributions are re­ceived, there may be insufficient cash in hand to cover implement­ation of approved programmes in full. For this reason, during 1954, although a total sum of 15.7 million· dollars in all was earmarked initially by the Technical Assistance Board for direct project costs, obligations could be undertaken to the full amount of this sum only in a series of steps by successive Board decisions. Another difficul~ ty with which the Board had to deal was the fact that the financial year of the Expanded Programme is 6 'months out of step with the fis­cal year of the United States, the largest contributor.: this meant in practice that the United States contribution had to be anticipated.

42

5.2.2

5.2.3

PART 5 - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

The success of the Expanded Programme continueso At the Fifth Technical Assistance Conference, at which countries pledged their con­tributions for 1955, the overall increase in the dollar equivalent of pledges announced was 16%.

New System of financial m~nagement and alte~ed status of WMO

.During 1953.the concept of the planning of the Programme on a country basis, by the countries themselves, w;thin target figures allocated to them by the TAB, began to gain favour. With this idea the automatic allocation of funds to the Participating, Organizations was inconsistent and in 1954 the Technical Assistance Committee of ECOSOC introduced legislation, to be fully effective .in 1956, placing the funds to be all09ated to the participating organizations in di­rect relation to the projects approved by TAB to be implemented by them - Resolution 542 (XVIII).

The new legislation has the effect of placing WMO, which has hitherto received from the UN funds for its programmes in the EPTA, on the same monetary basis as the other organizations participating in the,Programme. It provided that:

"As from 1 January 1955 and in relation to the' Programme for , 1956 and subsequent years, the funds of the Expanded Programme

of Technical Assistance shall no longer be allocated to the or-'ganizations participating in the Programme on the basis of pex­centages fixed in advan6eo The funds shall be distributed on the basis of ' requests submitted by Governments and the priori­ties established by them".

HOjyever "in order to avoid substantial fluctuations in the total amounts entrusted to each participating organization from year to year" a $afeguard was ins'erted to proviae that ttexcept, that if the estimated net fina0cial resources for the ensuing year fall below the total allocations made during the current year, the ambunt allocated to each Participating Organization shall be not less than 85% of its proportion of the allocations for the current yearn.

For the transitional year 1955, ECOSOC decided that :

"Funds should be made available in the field of interest of the World Meteorological Organization ••• by the United Nations Technical Assistance Administration out of its share of the Spe­cial Account in accordance with arrangements to be made between the WMO, ••• "'and the United Nations Technical, Assistance Admi­nistration in this respect; should the funds required be in excess of those so assigned in 1954, the necessary additional fund p should be provided from the funds available to the Expand­ed Programme as a wholett.

Programm~aluation

, In accordance with paragraph 6 (a) of the basic Resolution 222 (IX) of the ECOSOC which governs the United Nations Expanded Programme

PART 5 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 43

of Technical Assistance, the Technical Assistance Committee (TAC) is charged with the responsibility of carrying out "a critical examina­tion of the activities undertaken and results achieved under the Ex­panded Programme". For this purpose, the TAC requested the Technical Assistance Board to make suggestions on the best methods of i~evalua­tion"o The Board repo~ted to the TAC on 4 June 1954 (document E/TAC/4l) •

. In its study of the problem, the Board recognized two types of evaluation :

(i) Project evaluation, and (ii) Programme evaluation.

The first could properly be undertaken by Specialized Agencies in order to satisfy themselves that their particular part of a govern-

. ment I s development programme was being done well., but· the second was a question of the assessment of the impact of the Expanded Programme as a whole on the economic development of a country and could be un­dertaken on an experimental basis only, having regard to the cost of a more ambitious survey and the purely relative part which the Ex­panded Programme was playing in the whole field of external and in­ternal aid for economic development.

In determining the course which he was obliged to take in con­nection with the provision by WMO of data on evaluation, the Secretary­General was guided by the following considerations. Project evalua­tion was a continuous processo Countries would not request the ex'" tension of an expert unless the development of the project was satis­iactoryo Further, it was as yet too early in the life of WMO Technic­al Assistance Programme to attempt evaluation on the questionnaire basis employed in other Participating Organizations. The World Health Organlzation~, for example, had had five years of operation in the field to assess the true value of a project, the £hange it had effec­ted in a country was paramount, and no data of this nature were as yet available in the case of WMO. Again, a report was required from fellows two years after their return ,to' their home countries and no such reports were as yet even dueo Although evaluation in the purely technical, as distinct from the social field was a priori the easier, objectivity of a valuation by the sponsoring organization might be difficult to realize and would in any case be suspecto Action was thus taken byWMO to seek evaluation in the field itself and on a pilot basis the Permanent Representative of Israel kindly agreed t-o

. prepare a report, which was published in the April 1954 issue of the WMO Bulletin. The 'conclusions reached in this report were the following:

That from the technical assistance rendered, in meteorology by the World'MeteorologicalOrganization :

1. The Government obtained an impartial external assessm~nt of the situation in the country in the special field of interest of the experts;

44 PART 5 - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

5.2.4

5.2.5

2. The lectur~s widened the appreciation of officials and others of the, value of meteorological information·an~ advice, 'a result of which was marked increase in the number pf .requests for ad-vice received' by the Meteoroiogical Service;' ,

3. The, recommendations of the experts were, a' guide for determining the order of priority for future work;

4. The visits of the experts and the travel of 'the fellows relieved the professional isolation in which many specialized meteorolo­gists find themselves in small countries and hence by contaqt with experts and exchange of ideas afforded a stimulus to their work'o

It ',~s to ,be noted that, the TAC (document E/2637, p,3) in its report to ECOSOC, consider~d that the "evaluation studies ••• should be, based primarily upon the views of the recipient coun~riestl and that the AdvisOl'Y Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions was of the opinion (document A/266l, p. 20) that "1 t is indeed, •••

, both an interest and the primary responsibility of" recipient "Govern­ments to determine for themselves the efficacy of technical assist­ance prQgrammes; they are best placed to measure the success of any particular project with refer~nce to their own economies and to ap­praise' the work done under the Expanded Programme in relation to parallel activities under other programmes, na'tional or internation­al". These views form a striking confirmation of the attitude adopted by WMO on this question.

The Technical Assi,stance Committee at its 77th meeting, on 13 July 1954, adopted by 16 votes in favour with none against and two abstentiops a resolution to establish a working g:roup consisting of

, eleven members of the TAC to meet in New York and Geneva in conjunc­tion with the meetings of the Committee to evaluate the results and effectiveness of,the Programme and to report to the Committee at its next session~ The working group met in New York on 13 December 1954, and called for material on the fellowships programme and for reports on six, selected countries - Bolivia, Ceylon, Colombia, Iraq, Libya and Pakistan - for examination in June 1955.

Technis§l Assi§~~~tin9! , ,

Mr. J.L. Galloway, Chief, Technical Assistance Unit, represented WWO 'at all meetings of the technical Assistance Board, held during the year and at o.ther meetings, connected with technical assistance. (See Sect.ion 1.4) .

RelationshiE wi th.J~~.JJni ted Nations TechDical..,8ssistance Administration

The working arrangement with the United Nations Technical Assist­ance Administration continued to be effective during the year. 'In ac­cordance with, this working arrangement, UNTAA handles the non-technical

5.2.6

PART 5 - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 45

aspects of WMOIS Technical Assistance Programmes, and makes prOVlS1on for the maintenance, within the WMO Secretariat, of a Technical As­sistance Unit charged with the handling of the technical phases of the projects. A survey is being taken to examine methods of achieving a reduction in the administrative costs of the Expanded 'Programme. In this connection, one of the recommendations of ' the Executive Chairman of TAB dealt with the re~definition of certain cost classifications in TAB procedures with the obj ect of ,bringing them into line with those in other UN operational prograrrunes. In particular, an "opera­tionU was recognized as consisting not only of individual field pro­jects, but also of the "related support tt on which the individual pro­jects directly depend. "Administration" would be taken to signify central control and related services. Cost classifications based upon this concept, if applied to the Exp'anded Programme, would recognize

'as operational most of the individual expenditures now classified as indirect project costs, and would identify these expenses as noper ... ationalservices" within the category of operational costs. The Tech­nical Assistance Unit is thus correctly regarded as an operational cost.

In the working arrangement, the UNTAA agreed to "set aside for Technical Assistance in the field of meteorology 1% of the amount available, or becoming available, for use in 1954 from the Special Account, subject to a minimum of US $ 200,OOO"~ However, in the event, firm projects adequately processe~ and awarded sufficientiy high priorities in country program.mes, required during the-year an allo­cation of only US $ 116,760 equivalent of which US $ 96,857 was obli­gated.

The relationship which WMO has enjoyed with TAA throughout this year as in earlier years has been close and harmonious. A modified

. form of the working a rrangement has been adopted for the transitional year 1955. Second Congress will decide what further modifications will be required to tailor the working arrangement to the new legis­lative procedure of the Expanded Programme and whatever regular pro­gramme of technical assistance may be adopted by the Organization.

~MO programmes

Statements of WMo'f S approved programmes of Technical for 1954 and 1955 are given in the succeeding paragraphs. of the annual programmes is shown ~n the table.

Total number Number Number of Funds Year of receiving of fellows and allocated

1952 1953 1954 1955

countries experts scholars US $

4 9 9

15

4 8 9

15

2 8 8

12

22,950 61,420

116,760 139,280

Assistance The growth

Funds obligated

US $

(22,950) 50,498 96,857

~ote:For the years 1952-1954, the figures in respect of receiving countries, experts and scholars are linked to funds obligated. For' the year '1955, the corresponding figures are linked to funds allocated.

46 PART 5 - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

The halt in the increase in the number of experts and fellows in 1954 reflects the financial stringencie:s through wh.ich the Expand­ed Programme has been passingu The main trend during the year was the increase of emphasis on long-term projects. It is,to be noted that experience has shown that technical assistance in meteorology can be classified into three main types ~

(i) The deve~opment of National Meteorological Services where no Meteorological Services exist or where exist­ing Departmental Services require fusion into a single National Service;

(ii) Short-term missions of experts to advise in special fields, where Meteorological Services have a deficien­cy in newest techniques, with related fe11DWships~ and·

(iii) The award of independent fellowships for study abroad, where the state of the National Service does not war~ rant the furnishing of expert adviceu

Hitherto no programmes of a regional nature have been arranged, but from discussions in Central America 'and the Middle East, it ap­pears that there is a demand for seminars in subjects of a regional interest and it is expected that future years will contain projects of this type.

The overall status of the Programme at 31 December 1954 was as follows :

~~ ..... 9." .. ~" .. ":' ...... ~.".w~_ .... ~ .. Requests received from 29 countries (22 Members and 7 non­

Members ).

C 0 u n t r i e sand Mis s ion s 04"'~""~.""'~\''''''''-''-''_'''''''I'wt''"'''''''_'''''_'''''_'''''"'''''''''''' ___ ''''''''''''''.-'''Nlt..,.~_ ...... ,,.. .. , ......... , •••• -..... ...

Technical assistance given to 13 countries (British East Afri­ca, Libya, Federation of So Rhodesia and Nyasaland,,..Ch,ina ~ Thailand, Dominican Republic, Haiti, "Turkey, Yugoslavia, Israel, Iran, Jordan, Syria).

(Projects c~rrently in operation for 9 countries).

Projects awaiting implementation in 5 additional countries (Egypt, Greece, Nicaragua, Pakistan and Peru)o

§ ...... ~ ..... l? ..... ~ ...... :!::.' .• !h .... ~. 41 experts requested ~ 3 requests withdrawn 13 assignments completed

PART 5 - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

~ .... "~_ ... e .. ".~-.. ~" ... ! .... "~. (continued) 6 experts on mission 2 experts approved for assignment

(21 experts drawn from 12 countries) 7 vacancies open for recruitment for 1955 Programme •

. E'''"~-;''!''_~'"ft.2 .... J.!...~~ ... h: .... ~ . ....E......~ ...... ,~.?a~_£''_~2 .. _L~".~" h i -E ... _~. 79 fellowships requested : 11 requests withdrawn

47

48 nomination forms received : 6 nomination forms withdrawn 17 fellows from 9 countries placed in 16 countries.

---------------Duration of study

------Over 12 months 6 to 12 months up to 6 months

-----------------~,

1952

2

=~

1953 1954

1 1 '1 2 6 5

8 =~ ==

Appointments not taken up 0; In cOlJntry of study 5; Returned to country of origin : 12.

5.2.6.1 1954 Prog!2mm~

The. initial allocation of funds to WMO by the Technical Assist­ance Board for 1954 Programme amounted to US $ 79,800. However, dur­ing the year, in response to requests from countries, another US $ 36,960 was allocated. In the event, owing to a cancellation in one case (Bolivia), due to lack of equipment, delays in recruitment, and lack of nominations for fellowships, obligations by the end of the year amounted to no more than US $ 96,857.

Progress in the various projects has been reported in the Bulle­tin of the Organizationo However, mention is made here of two unusual>, activities in the programme~ a Turkish fellow studying maritime meteorology was afforded a voyage in an Ocean Weather Ship in the North Atlantic, and the expert in Jordan was able to take part in the making of upper air observations by aircraft.

1954 Programme ~~. ~=. • '~'~.=-r=~. .-~~""""""" .. ~-----""""-=-~.""""-""'-""'~-~~-""""'~~~-= .. ' 7 Submission Funds Funds ~ Country . Project Expert (country)* Fellows (»

No .Soholars* allocated obligated US $

AFRICA _~~II-

r..R'~.s...e~ ,z:;.~_

(453-54) British East Locust control (1) (Australia) } 1,400.00 Africa (Kenya) (1 year)

ditto . British East Weather forecasting 1 12,200 350 .. 00 Africa (Kenya) (4 months)

(403-53) Libya Organization (2 years) 1 (Malaya) l Sup.Agr.14 > 13,400 19,075,,03

ditto Libya . Training assistants 1 (Egypt) J (1 year) ( 606-54) Libya Unspecified (1) 2,050

ASIA AND THE FAR EAST .~_- ar.-.. .........

(77-53) China (Taiwan) Organization (1 year) 1 (USA) 7,900 17,238.27 (648-54) China (Taiwan) Agricul-Gural meteorology 1 2,050 1

(1 year) > 7,531.85 (735-54) China (Taiwan) Theoretical meteorology 1 3,360 J

(2 years) (659- 54) Indonesia Agricultural meteorology (1) 2,050

(6 months) ( 674-54) Thailand Agricultural meteoro1o~~ (1) 2,050

(10 months)

EUROPE ~.-

( 639--54) Tur-key Maritime meteorotogy 1 2~050 1,116 .. 80 (3 months)

c_i ttc Turkey Agricultural meteorology 1 2,050 2,610,,16 (9 months)

(264-53 ) Yugoslavia Climatology 1 500 839.22 ( 605-54) Yugoslavia Hydrology (4 months) 1 29 0 50 920 .. 6:!. di tto Yugoslavia Unspecified (1) 2,050

~--~gnifies assignment or fellowship not taken up_

1954 Programme

Submission Country Project Expert- To-oun tryJ* -Fel16\~s7 Funds Funds No Scholars* allocated obligated

US $

LATIN AMERICA (407-53) Bolivia Agricultural meteorology (1) (Switzerland) 6,800 3,228.98 Sup.Agr.3 (1 year)

(305-53) Dominican Repu- Training of meteorologists 1 (USA) -1 Sup.Agr.l blic (18 months) 19,000 20,585.65

ditto Dominican Repu- Training of assistants 1 (Spain) -J blio (18 months)

( 697-54) Haiti· Synoptio meteorology 1 2,050 2,424.50 (6 months)

MIDDLE EAST (443-54) Egypt Agricultural meteorology (1) 5,500

(1 year)

(530-54) Iran Climatology (1 year) (1) 1,350

(213-54) Israel Synoptic meteorology 1 3,700 2,604.29 Sup.Agr.5 (2 months)

Reg.Prog. Israel Aeronautical meteorology 1 2,050 736.52 UNTAA (3 months)

(422-53) Jordan Organization (1 year) 1 (UK) 10,500 13,193.03 Sup.Agr.9

(636-54) Lebanon. Unspecified (1) 2,050

(590-54) Syria Organi2ation (3 months) 1 (Sweden) 4,000 3,001.94

116,760 96,856.85 *( ) signifies assignment or fellowship not taken up. ======= =========

..p..

'"

50 PART 5 - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

The 1955 Programme was planned on a "country basis" accord..; ing to arrangements concluded by the Technical Assistance Board as follows :

By 15 April 1954, the Executive, Chairman, would commu~icate to the Resident Representatives an estimate of the funds expect­ed to be available in 1955 for the countries for which they were responsible, broken down into sub-total figures for the Partici­pating Organizations. (Those for WMO were incorporated with those for UNTAA)o The countries would be advised that while they should :take into account the Participating Organizations sub-tota.ls, as representing the Participating Organizations estimates based on past experience and'the expected size of their continuing commit-ments, they were perfectly free to formulate, within each total country figure, their project requests in the light of their own judgment of the order of prioritieso Each country programme, as' negotiated at the country level between the Participating Organ­izations and the governments, would primarily represent the coun­try preferenceso The Participating Organizations would foilow up the communication from the Executive Chairman by necessary commu­nications of their own to the Resident Representativesa T~e Secre~ tary-General of the World Meteorological Organization too~ act ibn accordingly. '

The period from 1 May through 15 August 1954 would be avail­able for consultations between the Participating Organizations, the governments and the Resident Represen~ativeso The Resident Repre­sentatives would be requested to communicate to the Participating Organizations and the Technical Assistance Board Secretariat by 1 September 1954 their comments on the country programmes as re":' ~uested by the governmentso The Participating Organizatioris would be requested to forward to the Technical Assistance Board, Secre­tariat the programme proposals for each country by 1 October 1954.

This material was consolidated and cqnsidered by th~ Tech-: nical Assistance Board in the fO::.'ffi of recommendations by :the' Executive Chairman of the Board at its 31st meeting held in New York, November/December 19540 The Programme approved by the Board included for implementation by the World Meteorological Organization projects in 15 countries involving 15 expert mis­sions and the award ,of 12 fellowships. The allocation 'of funds amounted to US $ 139,280, 'or 0.7% of the total for direct pro­ject costs for 1955.

PART 5 - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 51

WMO EXPANDED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMME FOR 1955

(As approved by the Technical Assistance Board, 7 December 1954)

-----------------------------------------------Sub. No. Country

~FRI9~

Project ,£xeerts

Number Total in Pro.. Man­ject Months

tellows Number Total in Pro- Man­ject Months

Total est. Project Cost ¢

,----------------(453-54) British Locus control 1 10

East Afri- Weather fore-ca (Kenya) casting

Unspecified

(570-54) Libya Organization and training

M.!.i. AND _lliL£~ EASI (77-53) China Organization

(Taiwan) Instruments

(34-55) Pakistan

EURORS

(2-55) Greece

Instruments 'Synoptic meteorology Sferics and radiosonde'

Instruments and radiosonde

(264-53) Yugoslavia Climatology

bATIN AMERICA

Hydroiogy Instruments

(305-55) Dominican Training Republic

'(488-54) Haiti 'Wind power

(489-54) Nicaragua Organization

(138-55) Peru Tropical

MIDDLE EAST (443-54)Egypt

meteoro logy

Agricul tural meteorology Instruments

2

1

24

3

2 24

1 3

,1 1

1

18

6

12

includes 2,200 for equipment

1 6

1 12

12

14,200

19,900

5,600

7,800

3,750

17,200

5,640

4,360

11,150

11,700

52 PART 5 ~ TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

-------- .§.~~!ts--- F~tl~§- Total est. Sub. No. Country Project Number" Total Number Total Project

in Pro- Man- in Pro- Man- Cost ject Months ject Months ~

------.-----------~----~.>------.---

M1!2.!2.b§_EA.§I (cont.) (530-54)' (213-53)

(433-53) (590-54)

5.2.6.3

Iran Organization 1

Israel Radiosonde 1 Synoptic meteoJ",'ology Climatology

Jordan Organization 1

Syria Organization 1

·15

1952:..P.£29l.:£~

12

2 1

1

12 6

126 12

12,500

5,800

11,180 6,300

60 US $ 139,280 ---.----------------

Arrangements have been made by the Technical Assistance Board for the planning of the 1956 Programme to be carried out in essen­tially the same manner as that adopted for the 1955 Programme, but with accelerated tempoo By 1 April 1955 the Board would forward to the recipient countries the estimates of the funds expected to be individually available, together with a breakdown of these country totals into sub-totals for the various Participating Organizationso For the first time, these figures would include sub-totals for WMO. In formulating their programmes, it would be made clear to the recip­ient countries that the sub-totals should not be regarded as alloc­ations to the Participating Organizations concerned. The recipient countries would be invited to utilize fully the technical knowledge and experience of the Participating Organizations in drawing up their respective country programmes, to which the four months, April through July, would be devoted. The programme material would be communicated to the Technical Assistance Board for consolidationQ In accordance with the new legislation (ECOSOC Resolution 542 (XVIII)), the Board would send the 1955 Programme to' the Technical Assistance Comnli ttee which would meet, probably in November, to approve it and authorize allocations of funds to the Participating Organizations by 30 Novem­bero

Special mentiort must be made of Libya. First Congress considered in some detail the meteorological requirements of Libya on the trans­fer of sovereign power to that country and directed in Resolution 11(I) the Executive Committee to arrange for the preparation of a plan for a meteorological service capable of meeting local and regional

"-

PART 5 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 53

requirements and to express the willingness of the Organization to provide all possible technical assistance within its available re­sources and in accordance with the proposed plan.

At the time of the First wrvrr Congress ,- negotiations for the in­dependence of Libya were being undertaken by the United Nations.First Congress directed the Executive Committee to develop a plan -for a National Meteor61ogical Service of the new country and this work was und~rtaken by a special group under the Chairmanship of- the late Sir Nelson Johnson, Director of the Meteorological Office, London. The Government asked for expert advice to discuss the plan and in 1952 Mr. A. Kyriakidis, -former Director of the Greek Meteorological Serv ... ice and some time Deputy Chief of the Secretariat of IMO, -spent some weeks in the country for this purpose. In 1953, the Government signed with the United Nations Supplementary Agreement Noo 14, by which the

, United Nations, in co-operation with WNlO, undertook to provide to Libya certain expert services iri meteorology.

Towards the end of 1953, Dro CoA. Lea, late Director of the Ma­layan Meteorological Service, took up an assignment for the organiz­ing and directing of Meteorologic_al Services in Libya. On arrival, Dr. Lea was asked to prepare a budget for the incorporation into a Federal Service in the Ministry of Communications of meteorological services existing in the provinces of Cyrenaica and Tripolitania; later, the climatological section of the Ministry of Agriculture was brought into the Federal Service, and it was arranged that the head of this section, Mr" Giovanni Magazzini, would, as 'a temporary mea­sure, assume executive control of the Federal Service .. Dro Lea has further been associated with discussions between the Government and the GovernmenL--'>f the United Kingdom in regard to facilities which might be made available by the United Kingdom for provision of meteor­ological advice for Civil Aviation-in Libya. He has co-operated with an ICAO expert in the codification of a Meteorological Law for Libya.

A plan has been prepared for the training of meteorologists, un­der which graduates of the secondary school- in Libya would be awarded Government scholarShips to enable them to enter the University of Cairo to study mathematics and physics and subsequently take post-­graduate courses in meteorologyo Fourteen awards were recommended in the iirstplace, to be effectiv~ over a period of ye~rso Dro Lea ini­tiated arrangements for the instruction of observers and shortly after the arrival of- a second expert, Mr. Hussein El Salawy of the Meteoro­logical Department, Egypt, a formal trpining course ~as commenced in Arabic on 1 November 1954, with a class of eight students nominated by the Government of the province of the Fezzano

It is understood that the Government is providing funds of its own t6-set up and maintain a Libyan National Meteorological Broad~ cast, with effect in .1955/56. It is planned that this broadcast should be automatically keyed and of frequency arid powet sufficient to en~ sure regula;r,re~eption at Cairo, Algiers, Kanoand Malta.

54 PART 5 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

5.2.605 BOD~&_211Q£§1iQD§

. Seventy- four countries have been contributing to the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance" Owing tocurre.ncy restrictions in certain cases on questions of convertibi.lity, it has not been pos­sible for the Board to use all contributions fully in the normal man­ner •. Allocations have therefore been made by the Board of certain of these currencies on a bonus basis. WMO has, however, had no requests suitable for implementation on this basis.

5:. 2. 6. 6 h291 t i 2.D.§1....Qf2ig c t s f .QL.l2~.;2

After comprehensive country requests for the 1955 Expanded Pro­gramme had been closed, the Government of Chile requested an expert to advise on the application of meteorology to the control of potato blight in that country. In the event that additional funds will be­come available to the Expanded Programme during 1955, preliminary steps have been taken on recruitmento A number of other projects are awaiting the availability of fresh funds for implementation.

5.2.6.7 Egp-Q1ts.

Experts, except where the assignment deals~ith instruction on a follow-up basis, normally prepare reports for the consideration of Gove-rnrnents 0 These reports are classified as confidential until de­restricted by the Government. Fourteen such reports have now been prepared in meteorology and, after de-restriction, are being printed by the United Nations Technical Assistance Admin5.stration. They con­tain a body of valuable i~formation of an enti~ely expert nature on the status of meteorology in various countries and on the manner in which development in meteorology should take place thereinv. They will be studied by future experts and fellows during briefing in Geneva. Copies are available on application to the Secretary-General.

5.2.6.8 Availab~li1Y._9f~2erts

The Panel of experts available for assignment on technical as­sistance missions increased during the year to 279 from 37 countries. To date, assignments have been token up by twenty-one experts· from twelve countrieso Final choice of an expert ·is made by the recipient country, but in submitting recommendations cognizance must be taken

. of various factors including geographical distribution of. experts, home countries, and availability and convertibility of currencies.

50206.9 Relat1.QD.§..tL~2_!Yi th 9ther Agencies in ·th~_.!:echni~§.L9.§.sistCl~_fi.21d

In the Expanded Programme, the United Nations, UNESCO, FAO and ICAO have an interest in projects in meteorology.

During the year, by collaboration with ICAO, WMO undertook to arrange to send to Iran an expert to assist the Meteorological

PART 5, - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE. ' 55

Council in, the organization and development of a National Meteorolo­gical Instituteo FAD asked specially for the presence of the WMO ex­pert in Jordan at its Baghdad Conference on Fodder and Grazing. WMO gratefully acknowledged its help by UNESCO in the selection of'young people for training as meteorological observers in Libya.

FAO has asked WMO for assistance in recruitment of hydrologists for technical assistance missions. WMO has provided technical assist­ance directly in the field of hydrology to Yugoslavia in the form of an expert mission and a fellowshipo '

'Excellent relations with the United States Foreign Operations Administration are reported by field missions.

5.2.6.10 Informat~ou-brochur£

An illustrated information brochure entitled "Meteorological Knowledge Serves Mankind - an introduction to weather services in technical assistance programmes" was prepared in English, French, Spanish and Arabico Arrangements for the Spanish and Arabic transla­tions were kindly made by the D:trectors of the Meteorological Services of Argentina and Egypt.

5.2.6.11 National and ~uropean_l~chDical Ag§istance COillmi!te~

Twenty countries and the organizations participating in the Ex­panded Programme of Technicaf Assistance were represented at the Third Conference of National Committees and Representatives of Govern­ments in Europe participating in the Technical Assistance Programme, held in Rome in September 1954.

In particular, 'the Conference recommended that a small working group should be constituted to examine in greater detail the problems of common interest to the European National Committees and other Go­vernmental Services concerned with the EPTAo The Executive Chairman has invited the following countries to participate in the working group ~

Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzer­land, United Kingdom.

The first meeting of the working group has been arranged to take place in Geneva in February 19550 The recruitment of experts is the main concern of the National Committee 0

5.2.6.12 Outl.Q..ok

The Secretary-Gene!al closed the Chapter on Technical Assistance in his 1953 report on a somewhat hesitant noteo The Expanded Program­me was passing through a period when overall demands for technical as ... sistance greatly exceeded the availability of funds. A system of pro­ject priorities had been introduced, and there were fears in som~

56 PART 5 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

quarters that the new system of country programming on a competitive basis might result in the relegation of projects in meteorology, which are sound rather than spectacular, to a degree of priority insuffi­cient to admit them to the approved Expanded Programme.

However, during 195~programmes in meteorology developed steadily and the initial allocation of funds for 1955 has exceeded the sums in­volved in any previous yearo Further, there is indicated a very large requirement for technical assistance in meteorology throughout the world; there is sober satisfaction that the work accomplished has been well done by competent field personnel and there is confidence that~ on performance and promise, WMO will be able to render greater service to Members and countries in the years to come.

6.1 §ENERA~

6.2

6.2.1

It is difficult to condense into a few paragraphs the multifold technical activity of the Organization during 1954 .. Although only one of the Regional Associations, the Association for South-West Pacifi~ and' only one Technical Cornmission~ the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology, met during the year under review, other bodies and work­ing groups also showedconsideI'able activity and the output of the Secretariat, which for the first time was fully staffed on the tech­nical side, far extended that of any previous year.

Difficulties in procedure have been encountered in est~blishing sufficiently rapidly some of the working groups'of 'the Technical Com­missions, but some of these, groups? whicb, consist of experts working for the' Organ5£zationby corrospondence and on a voluntary basis ,have made admirable efforts to ,produce their reports within a reasonable period of time"

The activity of the Socretariat has been influenced by the stead­ily increasing number of enqt.d.ries from international organizations; these varied f:1'.'om stX"aifJhtfoT'Nard dema.nds ~()r meteorological inforrna'" tion to requests for WMO to undertake maj or investigations ...

Fu:rthermore, consider-cble emphasis has been given to the prepa­ration~ for Second Congress, such an analysis of the suggested tech­nical programme fol.' the second financial period and the Draft WMO Technical Regulationse The programne of technical publications has .been especially heavy dux'lng 1954" Besides the progl'(.'SS made on the considerable task of preparing the new International Cloud Atlas and

, the issuing of the new Volume B of Publication Noo 90 containing the detailed instructions fo~ the use of the new codes ·introduced on 1 January 1955, special mention should be made of the new series of publications. called ViVJMO TC'chrdcnl Notes~i, the seven first of vvhich were iss~ed in the cburse of 1954 0

Several of these Notes have been g~v0n wide publicity and it is believad that these publications ha~e given the Organization an ef­ficient additional tool fo~c fulfilling its international obligations as the UN Specialized Agency for meteorology ..

I.§ chn i q a l.-B e9.1d1§. t i g.!}§.

The Draft WMO Technical Regulations, with the exception of those relating to aeronautical meteo!'ology, were assembled and edited by

58

6.2.2

6.2.3

PART 6 - TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATIQN

the Secretariat, and were distributed ,in October 1954 to Permanent Representatives for comments.

The Draft Regulations are presented in a slightly different man­ner from that envisaged by the First Congress. In order to make a reasonably self-contained document, it was found necessary to in­clude in the Draft Technical Regulations both "standard practices" and certain "recommended practices". The first category of regula­tions is characterized by the use of the word "shall" and the second by "should". Furthermore, it has also been found practicable to in .... troduce some explanatory notes in the text and the use of appendices to the Technical Regulations is being considered.

InternstioD.2 .. tJ~.1~.sLAtlas

During meetings between Professor Bleeker, a representative of the Chairman of the former working group (CNH) and the Secretariat at the beginning of 1954, the final choice and sequence of illustra­tions were decided upon. The original photographs were then handed to the engravers.

Professor Bleeker, the engravers and the Secretariat represent~ ative had several meetings to examine the proofs of the blocks.

Preparation of the coloured blocks proved to be a difficult and painstaking task, the more so as some of the originals were not of ,the quality needed for high quality reproductions.

The blocks were nearly finished and instructions to print the first plates of Volume II of the Cloud Atlas ("Complete Atlasft)were given by the end of 1954.

In the course of the year, the authorized English and French text a of the legends were prepared, as well as indications regard­ing arrows to be placed on the plates.

In conformity with Resolution 30 (EC-IV), Mr. Bilham (U.K.)was inv~ted to edit the English version of the text of Volume I, to write the text of the Abridged Atlas and to complete the editing of the legends.

In November 1954, Professor Bleeker forwarded the authorized English text of Volume I to Mr. pessemoulin (France), who will at­tend to the French tr~nslation of this volume'.

English and French versions of the legends, the last of which were prepared by the French Meteorological Service, were sent to the 'printers.

By the end of the year, the English text of the Abridged Atlas, prepared by Mr. Bilham, was practically finished.

~orld mID2L£Lth1!!}.Qerst,QIID_.§.ptivity

After further consultation with the International Radio Con­sultative Committe~ (lTU), from whom this project originated, it

6.2.4

6.2.5

PART 6 - TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION 59

was decided to go ahead with the preparation of world maps of thun­derstorm activity including all the readily available marine data. Arrangements' have been made for the extraction of percentage fre­quencies of ships' observations of thunder heard and lightning seen from several millions of punch cards by the British and German Me­teorological Services. These figures will be converted to the cor­responding mean number of thunderstorm days afterwards combined with those appearing in WMO Publication No. 21, "World Distribution of Thunderstorm Days. Part I : Tables for land stations", to provide the basis for the world maps. The extraction of the marine data will take some time, but it is hoped that it will be possible for the maps to be completed in 19550

~t;.one research ~nsL develQ,Qme,n!

The Panel of Experts established by the Executive Committee has followed up the programme outlined in Resolution 8 (EC-IV) & One of its members proposed to carry out a survey to obtain information on the location of arid and semi-arid areas in the Territories of WMO Members; as the proposal has some bearing on the preparation of cli­matological atlases, now being studied by WMO, it was decided to postpone further action until the whole subject could be considered in proper perspective. Panel members have assist-e-d-the--Se-cr-etariat with suggestions and advice regarding the preparation of the report on the practicability of using wind energy in the arid zone (see Section 6.2.5), and the position of WMO with regard to the scope and 1ay out of the chapter on "Climate" in the Arid Zone Handbook being prepared as part of the'UNESCO Arid Zone Research Programme.

In addition to co-ordinating the work of the Panel,the Secre­tariat's activities in this connection can be summarized as follows~

Publication of Technical Note No. 1 "Artificial inducement of precipitation, with special reference to the arid and semi-arid re­gions of the world". (See Section 6.2.10)

Preparation and publication of Technical Note No. 4 "Energy from the wind, assessment of suitable winds and sites"o(See Sec-tion 6.2.5) ,

Consultation with the 'CAe Working Group on Modification ,and Control of Clouds and Hydrometeors, with reference tq preliminary consideration of a proposal made to UNESCO for a world-wide survey of ,air-borne hygroscopic particles.

WMO representatives at sessions of the UNESCO Advisory Commit­tee on Arid Zone Research held during the year, reported that the importance of meteorology in the work of the Committee is being increasingly recognized as a result of WMO collaboration in that work.

S·;;;)Jdies of sources and util,ization-2Lwind .§~.9.¥

The report called for by UNESCO on the practicability of using

60

6.2.6

6.2.7

PART 6 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION

wind energy in arid and semi-arid regions, with particular reference to the distribution of suitable winds and sites, was completed and published as Technical Note No.4 "Energy from the wind"o The report includes material supplied by a 'number of WMO Members and was used as a' working document at the International Symposium on Wind and So­lar- Energy held in New Delhi ( India), in October 1954, under the co­sponsorship of UNE-SCO and the ,Government of Indiao

The Note begins' with an introductory section setting out the general 'principles and background to the investigation into the util­ization of wind energy and to the selection of suitable sites. Ref­erence is made to the general wind circulation and the underlying physical principles, the importance of wind observations and the anal­ysis and application of wind datao

The second part of the :Note contains a survey of reports of re­rearch on the utilization of wind energy collected from Meteorologi­cal Services. A brief summary of the wind regime is given for each continental region, with'emphasis on the arid and semi-arid areas. Only the'meteoI,'ological side of the subject is considered; conclu­sions as to trye practicability of tapping the wind energy are left to the engineer concerned with the design and construction of wind machines and to the experts concerned with the economics of the problem.

Wind data provided by Meteorological'Services for a large se- . lection of stations are tabu1ated in the third part. Two bibliogra­phies 'follow, one ,listing general works on wind energy and its util­ization and the second concerned with special winds.

ln~§!DatiQD§.LQ.€.QQhy.§i§.LX.§!

The Working Group on the International Geophysical Year con­tinued its work undel;' the Chairman.ship of Professor J. Van Mieghem; the membership of the group was increased to four by addition of a Russian meteorologist Dr. P.Ke Efseev" The detailed meteorological programme prepar~d by the group was approved with some slight modi­fications at the fifth session of'the Executive Committee, and sub­sequently at the second session of the ICSU Special. Committee on ~he International Geophysical Ye~~.

The working group is hOW charged vyith making recommendations concerning the early ,publication, 'in a uniform presentation, of the results of the observ~tions m?d~ during the'Intern~tional Geophys­ical Year, which,will extend from July 1957 until December 1958.

1DternaJional.l1~rq109ica1 Iri~titute

Following the decision by the previous working group that the difficulties in the way of establishing an International Meteoro" logical Institute appear insurmountable, the new working group set up in Resolution 11 (EC-IV) considered the desirability of creating' such an Institute. To'assist them in ·their work, the Secretariat

" PART 6 TECHNICAL:ACTIVITIESOF'THE:'ORGANIZATION 61

asked Members for their comments and suggestibr)5 '. abo,ut the main tas,ks of. an International,MeteorologiQal Institute"

. ,: .... '....'; . '. ' '.' : ' . ~ " , "

, The, ,group' cone luded 'that ,the." 's'etting up, of an' Insti tute was nei­ther desirable nor advi.sable but:that there 'are weighty reasons for considering the creation of ~n orgahii~tion'for the ,collection of data and fot the'co-ordination of meteorological rese~rch, possibly by a progressive extension df the Technical Division of the Secreta­riat into an International Meteorological Bureau.

The Executive Committee 'noted these conclusions and decided in Resolution 6 (EC-V) to set up ~ working group with the following terms of reference ~

'I:(a)' To prepare pJ.an~~ for 'the pro'gressive extension of the work of the Technical Division to enable it to act as a pro­cessing" centre for meteorological information;

(b) Acting as a 'scientific advisory body to consider the work of the Technical Div:;"sion and to' recommend to the Execu­tive Con~ittee any developments which the working group considers nec~ssary to enable the Secretariat to play its full part in the maintenaric~ of the status of the Organization in the scientific world."

This working group was requested to submit a: report to the 'sixth '. sess ion of the Executive Committee 0

6 .. 2.8 fLIMAT publication

The 'enquiry undertaken by the Secretariat to determine the pur­poses and the value of a monthly publication containing CLIMAT and CLIMAT/TEI'v1P data (i I> e 0 monthly mean values of pressure, temperature, humidity ~nd other meteorological elements~ both surface and upper air observations), showed that there exists'a world-wide interest in such a pUblicationo Many Meteorological Services, are at presen~ us­ing these data for one or more of the following purposes g plotting of charts, publication of weather summaries, long-range forecasting operations, research work, answers to enquiries and investigation iritolarge-s6ale weather 6hangesa It is also felt that the publica­tion ~ould supplement the present broadca~t·programme of 'CLIMAT data. The general opinion is,that the pUblication should include all sta­tions for which CLlMAT an~ CLIMAT/TEMP r~ports are issued.

The, U .. So We'atrier. ,Bureau publication "Monthly Cl itnatic Data for the World n is prepared f'rom data obtained by collection of CLlMAT and CLIMAT/TEMP 'broadcasts and 'from' cO'nfirmation copies of those reports forwarded' by a number of collecting ,centres ?nd National Meteorologi" cal Services. The Chief of 'the U~ S~: Weather Bureau has' offered to con­tinue this publication and has suggested official sponsor~hip of the issue by WMO as an ,al terna,tive to WMO taking re,sponsibili ty for a new publication. The Executive CQmmi ttee" at itsfi fth session decided to refer this question to Congress,~" . ,., ,.,

';

62

6.2.9

PART 6 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION

Airc!,2ft_J;£ing

In accordance with Resolution 45 (EC-IV), the Secretariat col­lected information from Members and elsewhere on experimental re­sea~ch on the icing of aircraft, especially as regards its relation with cloud c~aracteristics. The resul~of a study of all the,avail­able ma:te~ial were published in VilMO Technical Note No. 3 "Meteoro­logical' aspects of aircraft icing" •

. Aft~r ?n introductory survey of the various meteorological para­meters whi'ch affect 'aircraft icing, such as water content~ air tem­perature and droplet size distribution, the main chapter describes recent experimental investigations made on board ~irbiaft especially in Canada, U.S.Aoand U"S",S"R. It is pointed out that owing to instru­mental limitations the results reported should be treated with some reserve.

The Note goes on to discuss some laboratory experiments made in Canada and Switzerland and continues with a brief summary of gen­eral cloud physics inv~stigations. The limitations of the available data on aircraft icing are then reviewed and the need for further information, especially from the tropics, is pointed out.

6.2.10 Artificial ind~£ement .9.LI2.!'.~ci'Qi:~ati.2D

A report on the work which has been done in various parts of the world with regard to the artificial inducement of precipitation was published as WMO Technical Note No .1. This--Note--l"la-S--I'9Ceiv-ed­considerable publicity, and its conclusion that the results to date have, been. inconclusive and that there is a need for further scien­tific ,experiments has been widely quoted.

Further work on this question is reported in Section 603.

6.2. 11 ~~ tef_£'§§..Ql!£~ e _.9~J2P.!)I~!2~-.t

In the course of the year under review, the Secretariat receiv­ed a number, of enquiries relating to the meteorological aspects of water resource development, and the Organization was invited to par­ticipate in the inter-V.No Agency meeting on this subject in August. Following a report by the WMO re~)resentatives at this meeting,a doc ... ·· ument on this matter was present2d to the fifth session of the Exec­utive Committee with the suggestion that the future WMO policy with regard to hydrological questions should be considered.

In ·accordance with Resolution 8 (EC-V) the Secretariat is now carry.ing out a survey with a view to reporting to Congress' on the policy, principles and future programme of the Organization in this field.

The most important of the enqulrles referred to above was from ECAFE, in which immediate comments were requested on a draft of a publication entitled "Standards of Methods and Records of Hydrolog­ical Measurement"o WMO was also requested to participate in 1955

PART 6 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION

in a working group on Hydrologi"c Terminology and to collaborate in a joint ECAFE/WMO p.roject on the major deficiencies of hydrologic data in the ECAFE regiono More specific proposals on the projects are now being studied~

63

6.2.12 Ini~.!}ati:.Q.Qat,.Me~t~or..Qlo9.ic~J TB:.!:2"!.§_~

603.3

Following Resolutions 13 (EC-IV) and 9 (EC-V), a working group has been studying'the question of preparing a new edition of the In­ternational Meteorological Tableso To assist the group in its work, the Secretariat is distributing a circular letter to Members, asking for comments on a proposed list of tables to be included in the new publication and for information about existing tables.

§'§D.~!.21

Since the Commission for Bibliography and Publications (CBP) held its first session (24th November - 12th December 1953), most of the Organization's activity in this field has been in connection with the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC)o The decisions taken at the first session were approved by a postal vote among WMO Members represented on CBP o

Publishers of meteorological periodicals were encouraged to add a summary in English or French to the articles published.

The Working Group on Terminology started work on the preparation of a Lexicon and a Polyglot Vocabularyo

§u ide i:Q~'§.!:'§ 0 TO ~ oql9,g .Ul: br:.2!_Y __ P r: a ~ tic e '

The Guide to Meteorological Library Practice, dealing with such subjects as : the functions of a meteorological library, duties of a librarian, types of documents, cataloguing, etc., is being repro~ duced as a mimeographed publicationo

U l'}1.Y~.§..~.LP-£.,~,.tm9.'±~,9l a,~.§.ttt£,s.itQD

Approval was sought from the International Federation of Docu­mentation (IFD) for the revised text of Section 55105 (meteorology) of the UDC o

In principle, authorization was obtained, but there are still some minor questions to be settled, resulting from comments made by members of the International Federation of Documentationo

The meteorological section of the Univ~rsal Decimal Clas­sification (55105) will be published in printed form. Besides the

64

6.3.4

6.3.5

'6.3.6

6.3.7

;'PART:6 - J'ECHNICAL ACTIVITIE.SOFT.I:iE ORGANIZATION

clas?ification.i~?elf:,. this; publicatiol1 will, contain \somesupple­mentary tables::. and,.'an· alphabetical index to the ·9lassif.ication.

Exchanq~ o,f_.Q.ocum~nts

The Executive Committee decided at its fifth session to publish a revised version of Publication. NO'o2,which in addition to info-rmation

.. about ~embers of the WMO and publications issued by governmental me­teo~rological bOdies, will include info'rmation on non-Member countries and on the main'publications of meteorological interest issued by other bodies.

Instruments and Methods of Observation --~-~---------~-----~-----------------

General

In addition to completing the formalities' for setting into mo­tion the working groups set up at the first session of the Commis­sion for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO), the Presi­dent has established two additional groups, one on barometry and ooe on .the measurement of soil moisture.

The chapters in WMO Publication No. 8 "Guide to International Meteorological Instrument and Observing Practice" relating to at­mospheric pressure and visibility were revised to bring them into line with changes recommended by CIMO and subsequently approved by the Executive Committee. A new chapter on flRadiosonde Measurements" was also issued.

Badlation

A report entitled "Enquiry on actinometric activity throughout the world" was coinpleted by the Working Group on Radiation and du­plicated and distributed by the Secretariat. The working group held its first meeting at Rome from 8 to 13 September 1954 in joint ses­sion with the Radiation Commission of the International Association of Meteorology (IUGG)e Recommendations were adopted Gn various tech­nical aspects of radiation measurements.

6'.308 Baromet~

A rep6ft 'on the methods u~ed by various Meteorblogical Services for reducing atmospheric pressure observations·to mean sea level was pUblished as .\HMO 'Technical Note No.7 ttReduction ·of atmospheric pres-

.. sure" • The Note ;al$o inGludes a report, prepar~d during the first session of ·CIMO.by Mr~· L.P •. Harrison (U.S.A), chairmarf of one of the working commi:ttees, ~ontaiDing a critic(11 analysis of -the problems involve<;i ~n p~e,s~ure, redu,?tion. ~ Working Group ,on I3arometry has now

• I. : '

PART 6 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION . 65

been established under the chairmanship of Mr,. Harrison to study the matter further.

6.3.9 Jjoriz.Q.Dtal visibility

The Working Group on Visibility has been considering an opera­tional procedure for determining the "visibility indextf as suggested in Recommendation 27 (CAeM-I/MET-IV). Members of the Organization have also been requested to carry out trials of this procedure and to report whether they would find it practicable to adopt the repo~t­ing of the visibility index in meteorological messages. The Executive Committee requested Members to report the "minimum" visibility in their meteorological messages until a final decision is made with regard to methods of reporting horizontal visibilityo

6.3.10 Raqiosonde ,£Qmpari.§..Q.I!§

In accordance with a recorrunendation by the Executive Committee that comparisons of radiosondes used in two or more neighbouring countries should be made, the Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute organized some comparisons between five different types of radio­sondes at Evere, near Brussels, at the end of October 1954.

A report by Dr. L.Mo Malet (Belgium) on previous comparisons was published as WMO Technical Note No.5 "Diverses experiences de comparaison de radiosondes".

Aeroloqv -'~--~'~"'- ...

6.3011 General

Most of the activity within the field of the Commission for Aer­ology (CAe) has been by the working groups set up at the first ses­siono The President of the Commission is now considering the possi­bility of establishing one or two additional groups to tackle ques'" tions referred to him at the fifth session of the Executive Committee.

603.12 Sf£!ic§

Following a suggestion made'· by the Executive Committee in Re­solution 44 (EC-IV), the Meteorological Servio-es of France,Switzer­land and the United Kingdom carried out a comparison of their dif­ferdnt techniques' for locating thunderstorms by radio direction-find ... ing (Sferics) during the summer of 19540 Other Meteorological Serv­ices in Western Europe collaborated by supplying reports of thunder­storms observed during the period of the comparisons.

It is 'planned to include th~ results of these experiments in a report which the Secretariat is preparing on Sferics techniques. A preliminary report on this subject 0as completed for consideration at the first session of the Commission for Aerologye

66 PART 6 - TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION

6.3.13 Aerological diagr~

The Working Group on Aerological Diagrams under the Chairman­ship of Dr. Po Defrise (Belgium) completed·the draft of its report on the various types of diagrams currently used. Thisrepor~, which runs to some 60 pages, contains a general review of the objects and principles of aero logical diagrams followed by a review of ·their uses and properties.

An earlier report, limited to a preliminary study by Dr.P.Defrise, of the results of an enquiry carried out by the Secretariat to ascer­tain what aerological diagrams are now .being.used by Meteorological Services, was published as WMO Technical Note No.6.

6.3.14 l:!2mogen1U.1Y_of_~loqical n.§twork

Meteorological Services in the European Region have collaborated in an investigation into the homogeneity of·the upper ai-r network in the Region. Certain monthly statistics obtained from their radiosonde observations were sent to the Director of the Swiss Meteorological Service who is carrying out the necessary computations and plotting with a view to.presenting the results ina consolidated report.

6.3.15 ~Lai~tworksJQLn~mer.i£al forecasting. :.

The Working Group on Upper Air Networks·for Numerical Forecast­ing, under the Chairmanship of Dr. A. Elia·ssen (Norway) ,has complet­ed a preliminary report on the requirements of the networks for nu­merical forecasting, the variability of the atmospheric values and the 'variation of reqUirements with height and lati tude·o

Climatoloqy -----------6.3."16 ~eneral

The activities of the Commission for Climatology (eCl) during ·the year under review were mainly carried out at the working group level. At the suggestion of the Executive Committee - Resplution 34 (EC-IV) - the President of the Commission has established three new working groups ~

l'i,Qrk!.ruLGrg}l2....2n...Qlimate..QD.Q..bgricYl!.ure, to co-ordinate the work of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) and CCl in the application of climatological data in the fields of forestry, .agriculture, animal production, plant ecology and ,such related topics as evapotranspiration and the hydrologic cycle;and to con­sider requests from FAa for help ofa climatological nature;

j~orking~£1!Q.J2lL. th,§_EQl'rrL9i_Qlj.ID?~O l09ic~l Summaries, to co ... ordi­nate" and integrate requirements of cel, CAgM, the Commission for Maritime Meteorology (CMM) and the Commission for Aeronautical Mep

teorology (CAeM) for the form of clirnatologicalsummaries;

PART 6 TECffi~ICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION 67

Workj.ng~!.Q.!:!p-. .9n_ Regu iLf~inents .. J 0 rJ:L~tw9 rks2nd,J2J2.§.§Ly~t i C2[l ... ~, to c 0-

ordinate and integrate requirements of CCl, the Commi$sion for Syn­optic Meteorology (CSM) and CWM for meteorological observations and networks.

6.3.17 ~~19.S1im?tolo.9ical_Atla.§

A persistent demand for an authoritative World Climatological Atlas has been evident in recent years. The lNfvlO receives many re­quests for information about the climate of the world but is at pres­ent not always able to supply the answers. Many local, national and regional atlases already exist or are in course of preparation: It is considered that it would be a great step forward if WMO could ap­prove a specification to which those atlases might conform in order to achieve a uniform world coverage. The groups likely to avail themselves of a World Atlas would be geographers, hycirologists,soil scientists, agronomists, foresters, ecologists, in addition to me­teorologists. Various international organi~ations, especially in the UN family, would also find such an atlas very useful.

A recommendation submitted by the President of CCI on this subject to members of the Commission for vote by correspondence,was approved by a large majority. The Executive Committee, considered the CCI proposals and adopted Resolution 28 (EC-V), which requested the President of CCl to prepare draft specification containing de­siderata for ~ a) a single Climatological Atlas to cover the whole world, b) a series of national, sub-regional and regional atlases which together could be considered as composing a World Climatolog­ical Atlas. In accordance with this resolution, the Secretariat. is collecting information about existing and planned climatological atlaseso The future of this major project will be decided at the Second World Meteorological Congress.

6 • 3. 18 P-Y£l.illrl i 9_ c 1 irrI§J:_o 1 Q.9Y

At the first session of eel a working group was established "to survey what is being done in the field of dynamic climatology by the different Member States and to formulate a programme, with recommen­dations~ for further study"o The first report by the Chairman of this working group, Mr. A.Ho Go:.r>:'.on (U.Ko), summarizes information concerning the present state of dynamic climatology and lists catego­ries of problems which may fall within the concept of dynamic cli-matology, such as. ~

i)

ii)

iii)

iv)

Extend range forecasting (recurrence of typical synoptic sequences; dynamics of weather irregularities); Weather types (average persistence and location of centres of action, influence of local geographical factors on weather conditions, etc.); Air masses (statistical studies of air masses, types of air masses that invade each region, etc.); Objective forecasting (rain forecasting in the tropics

'68 PART 6 -' TECHNICAL: ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION

v)

vi)

'vii)

using~:egression equations) ~ " ' ,',,' .,' Genera..1 c~rbulation (study of sources 'and ,sinks of energy, study of wind fields, etc.); ,,' , ' . Upper air climatology (investigation of correlations between elements at different levels ?nd/or different la,ti tudes); Glimatic variations (study of s~cular tr~nds in b6th mean flow and perturbaiions). The report also' outlines a pro­gramme fo~ the further work.

, 6.3. 19 ,.QQll£f tio !l..L-s.nD.Q.~.i.Q.D_Q.Q.d di,§§'£.IDina t i o!L2i.J?s§.~a theL..S!Q~.L

Experience has shown that basic (unsurrunarized) observational weather data are being used quite widely in various activities.

To mention a few

a) The weather criteria in design problems are often so complex that special techniques must be developed for the presentation of the data, and because of the complexity of the requirements, access must be had to the basic weather data; ,

b) The development of indirect methods in obtaining otherwise un­available data, since summarized data are seldom in the appro­priate form;

c) Regional specializations are systematically being developed, which ,require access to the basic weather dita, often from more than. one Meteorological Service; e.g., specialization in the weather of the tropics requires basic data from areas under several Meteorological Services.

To discover what is being done to integrate all basic weather data, including those collected in connection with special projects, into the files of Meteorological Services, and what is being done to make these data accessible to interested workers, the Chairman of the Cel Working Group on Arrangements for International Exchange of Historical Weather Data, requested the Secretariat to carry out a survey of current data collection, annotation and dissemination procedures in National Meteorological Services. The replies receiv" ed from about 60 countries, giving a good cross~section of these activiti~s throughout the world, will provide the ~orking group with the material necessary for the preparation of a comprehensive report.

6.3.20 Q~~§t~!

The Executive Committee, at ,its fifth session; took action on the recommendations of the first session of :the Commission for Agri­cultural Meteorology (CAgM) and decideq that someo~ them should be incorpo~ated in a sui tgble guide .. , 'It als,q in~itructed the Secretary­General to carry out enquiries in order, t,Q.collect world-wide inform-ation oh v~~i6us subjects~ su~h as:' '" '

PART 6- TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION 69

studies on evapo~ranspiration data which should be included in climatological reports for agriculture the 'present situation with regard to agro-climatic classi­fication present national systems of weather forecasting services for agriculture.

The material collected will be consolidated in the form of re­ports to be issued by the Secretariat.

The working groups set up by the Commission at its Paris ses­sion have been established and have started worko

6.3.21 Colla~iofLwith §!.gri£ultural in.t~est.§.

Widespread, distribution has been given to Resolution 22(EC-V) and to Resolution 36 approved by the Seventh General Conference of. FAO, both stressing that collaboration at national level between Meteorological Services, on the one hand, and agricultural,animal husbandry, forestry, hydrological and soil science agencies, on the other hand, is highly desirable for furthering the application of meteorology to agriculture, particularly for'increasing and im­proving crop yields.

In answer to an enquiry made by the Secretariat, many Directors report that suitable liaison.machinery already exists or is in the process of being established in their respective countries,to ensure the closest collaboration between Meteorological Services and the in­terested agencies on the agricultural side.

6.3. 22 ~'§Qth'§L~ndJ21illJt· dis~.§..§Land 12est.§.

The study of environmental effects on plant diseases and pests has so far been done mostly by the plant pathologist and the ento­mologist with comparatively little help from the meteorologistoHow­ever, the time has come when the meteorologist can and must: playa fuller part if further progress is to be made. Realizing the urgent need for meteorological help in the field of plant pathology the CAgM, at its first session'in Paris, established a Working Group on Weather and Plant Pathology Problems. The Chairman of this working group, Mro P.Mo Austin BOl..lrke (Ireland), has submitted the first re­port of the group, under the title "The Foreqasting from Weather Data of Potato Blight and other Plant Diseases and Pests", which gives a comprehensive review of existing methods of forecasting plant dis­eases, with particular emphasis on potato blight. The report, ad­dressed primarily to meteorolo~ists, points out that the study of the inter-relations of the plant world and its environment calls for close co-operation between botanists and meteorologists. The weather data now available in most countrie~ are so extensive and complex as to require a specialist for their full interpretat.ionD Some tentative use has already been made of such elements as soil

70 'PART 6' r, - ,TECHNICAL: AQ1JVJ;TIES 9.F THE ORGANIZ?"TION

temperature and soilmois'tu~e data" 9f 9ir mass analysis and even ll

, in probl~msof .spore andil!sect~ispersal, of upper air charts ,but far greater utilization of these datai~.poss~ble in the weather­plant. disease field,,,. Thi?,repor:t will contribll-G,e to focussing the attention of meteorologists on this most interestin~ and p=omising field· of ,rEi..search.

"Maritime meteoroloqv ----~~-------.-~--~-

6.3. 23, Si~a~L'!.!,

The'activityof the Commission for Maritime Meteorology (CMM) was centred around its working groups. Where interests of this Com­mission overlapped with the, t.erms of reference of o~her Technical Comrnissions,liaison was maintained by pal~ticipati~n of CMM members in theit W6rking'groups. '

Asiqe from the·, f~ur working groups (A, a, C and D): which were established by the Commission d1.:lr~ng its first meeting~ the previous Working Group on Sea .Ice was re-establishedto stUdy the problem of arrlvlng at an internationally accepted ice nomenclature.Some of the problems in the field of maritime meteorology on which progress was reported are as follows.

6.3.; 24 .,.Q.Qslg_i9j:~!.~!t iD.9..-s ~L ic'e B.Y..Ji i rQllf.t

Working,group A developed ,a code for reporting sea ice by air-, . crafto This code was found satisfactory by the joint CAeM-I/ICAO MET IV

Division ~ession in Montreal, June-July 1954, and was r~riommended for provisional useo

6.3.25 lnt~!£@.t~.Qnal_Ic§_No~~~"

6.3.26

Some Baltic countries which had voi~ed some objections to the International Ice Nomenclature recommended by'CMM, decided to revise the terms hitherto used in their countries, to bring them into line

. with the CMM nomenclature. '

Th1.s nomenclature, intended primarily for ordinary observers, was deliberately kept. brief and simple. Amore detailed nomencla­ture' has been prepared by the U.S.S.R. The possibility, is now being considered of adopting two' vers,ions' : a comp~ete version for scien­tific use,and an abridged version for navigation. ' ,

'A Russian member has ' been nominated on the re-established Work ... ing Group on Sea Ice, dealing With, this matter, and progress has been reported ,in its endeavour ,to develop a nomenclature acceptable to all Members 0.£ the·,Organization.

Schem~ for the collection and transmis~io~ of weather reoorts from Yiha.ling_§~biQ§ ~~----------~---' .. --~---'-~~."'.~-.. ",.,..~-.. '-.~~~'-.---~~

An interim repor"!;: .,was prepared by, the ~.ecl"etariat on the

PART 6 ~ TEC}WICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION 71

operation of the scheme during the last two sessions. The collabo­ration of wha+ing factory, was fairly good but could be improved. The chief weakness o·f the scheme stems from inadequate communica";' tions. Measures are being taken to remedy this defect.

6.3.27 AerQlo.91Q2...l...Qbservatio.Q.L§.f2oard merchant ships

The majority of CMM members seems to be of the op~n~on that it is not practicable to make regula! aerological observations on board ships. Arrangements in this direction made, on an experimental ba­sis, by some Meteorological Services were noted with interest.

6.3~28 Chanqes...lIL.§.YD.Qptic codes

Minor changes 1n the codes, used by ships and a new form of land report for inclusion in weather bulletins for shipping, came into force on 1 January 1955. (See also Section 6.3.31)

6.3.29 M~t~og.LQf o.Qservation at_~~

The background to the controversy. concerning the best method of observing sea surface temperature, i.e. by' bucket or by the con­denser intake, has been described in some detail in Technical Note No.2.

No final conclusion was reached because both methods seem to have their advantages and disadvantages. These depend, to a certain extent, on the season and place of observation and on the weather conditions prevailing at the time of the observations.

6.3.30 General --.... Activities in synoptic meteorology during 1954 were directed

towards the preparation and the introduction of the new meteorolog­ical codes on 1 January 1955, and towards further action in rela­tion to the implementation of the various recommendations and reso­lutions of the first session of the Commission' for Synoptic Meteor-ology (CSM). .

6 • 3. 31 .t2l'.illLo f _ID.§§.§ a 9.§~ .. and c 0 d~§.

Considerable time has been devoted to the preparation of an entirely new edition of Fascicule I, Publication No.9 (now called Volume B of Publication 9). The book is composed of three chapters devoted respectively to International codes, Regional codes and Na­tional Practices.Chapt~r III inaugurates a new practice, which it is hoped will be of great use to Meteorological Services. It endea­vours to group and to keep up-to-date the varying national applica­tions of the international and regional codes. Preparatory work

72 PART 6 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION

on this chapter was virtually completed by the end of 1954. By nature, this is a continuous project as national practices are liable to change and the Secretariat may, by appropria~e interventions with Members, improve uniformity in the use of me"teorological codes.

In the field of codes for aeronautical purposes, agreement has been reached with ICAO on the contents of the new POMAR code form.

(1)· General

. The realization has been steadily growing that telecommunica­tions, which are the life-line of operational meteorology,have not received the attention they deserve. During its fifth ses­sion, the Executive Committee directed the Secretary-General I'to make proposals, in consultation with the President of the CSM, to a future session of the Executive Committee for a more effective presentation of the interest of meteorology in tele­communications". The Secretariat analysed the various ramifi~ cations of this field and the skills required to deal with them effectively. The conclusion was inescapable that meteorolog­ical telecommunications required full-tilne attention and that eome of the purely technical aspects, being beyond the u~ual

attainments of the generality of meteorologists, should be en­trusted to an expert in telecommunications" His ac::;d:::l-cance would be c'onductive to more effective work, both by the Secre­tariat and by the various working groups on telecommunications. He would also help maintain,- in an efficient manner, the liai­son of this Organization with CCIT study groups 0 The above con­clusion is not at variance'with the feelings expressed during the fifth session of the Executive Committee~

In October 1954, two WMO representatives were deslgnatedto participate in OCIT study groups which deal with problems of interest to meteorology.

(ii) Tariffs for meteorological telegrams and lease of circuits to Meteorological Services

As requested in Resolution 33 (EC-IV), the Secretariat has car­ried out a study of the importance of this question to Members. A report has been submitted.to the President of CSM and his comments, together with the report of the Secretariat,were sub­mi tted as a separate working paper for the fifth session of the Executive Committee.

In accordance with Resolution 13 (EC-V), a report of another more detailed study has been prepared by the Secretariat· on the same subject.

(iii) Facsimile transmissions and progress As requested in Resolution 28 (EC-IV), an enquiry on the above

PART 6 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION 73

subject has been undertaken with WMO Members concerning the present and projected facsimile network. Replies indicated that although 'only a minority of Meteorological Services have availed themselves of this facility, many were inter­ested in eventually acquiring facsimile apparatus. The mo­ment was considered opportune to study the question of standardizing facsimile equipment used by Meteorological Services, and the CSM Working Group on Telecommunications was accordingly asked to st'l,ldy the matter and submit, re­commendations on the subject.

6.3.33 §.tati.QlLnet~~ks

In view of the 4th North Atlantic Ocean Stations Confere'nce and the inherent danger of its leading to a substantial reduction of the present North Atlantic networks, detailed studies of the scientific and operational value of this network to meteorology, the losses that would result if it were notably reduced and the possibility of using other sources of information to diminish such detrimental effects, were made by the Presidents of the Technical Commissions concerned .. Particular emphasis was laid on the amount of useful information that could be obtained from more and better observations from aircarft in flight.

It is well known that the'results of the conference were favour­able to meteorology, as the nl:D11ber of stations was only reduced by one unit.

In respect to the possible establishment of a network of key­stations, the, only result of' the trial proposed by CSM is negative, the utility of the special cloud reporting group having been found very limited as compared to the increased, work load. '

6.3.34 Gr~phi~£§presentation

The present Chapter III of Fascicule I, Publication 9, dealing with meteorological charts and graphical representation on these charts has, for the time being, been left out pending a decision on the issuing of a separate g~,lide - If International Guide on Synoptic and Forecasting Services".

At its fifth session, the Executive Committee having considered the advisability of issuing such a publication, requested the Secre­tariat to present this ,question to the Congress and, as far as possi­ble, to give some indication on the contents of such a publication.

In the meantime, following up Resolution 29 (EC-IV), the Secre­tariat has asked the Directors of Meteorological Services to send in­formation on weather analysis symbols and frontal terminology.A com­plete report, which will be distributed to all Directors of Meteoro­logical Services for comments, is under preparation. The comments thus received should enable the Secretariat to pursue the study of this question.

74 PART 6 - TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF. THE ORGANIZATION

6'.3.,35 Comimdsmce of the No,;r.tlL.8!!!§!ic~QQn:tiD.§.ni2lJkQad.9asi.. (wSY)

A ,report summarizing the effects on interested Members of the replacement of the present Morse broadcast by an unbeamed radio­teletype broadcast, has been circulated to the members of CSMo The r.eport closes the responsibility of, the CSM in this problem which becomes a Regional matter. (See Section6~4.5)

6.3. 36 y~~~d io..£Q~~?ag~~_f2IJm~~~ch~nge

Following up Recommendation 17 (CSM-I), Resolution 20 (EC-IV) and the decision of EC-IV to refer the whole matter of units to Con­gress, an enquiry has been carried out on this subjecto The response to the enquiry havingb.een exceptionally good, it has been possible to establish a consolidated report on the matter, giving a clear pic­ture of the }Vorld-wide p.bsi t·ion regarding the u.qe of units' for height, geopotential and temperature.

As the introduction 6f the new meteorological codes on 1 Jan­uary 1955 may have modified the position with respect to 1954, a new enquiry is being undertaken on the same subject. Its ~esult will be presented in an addendum to the above-mentioned report,but' it is expected that this new enquiry' will show onty minor new devel"~ opments..

6.3.37 ~j1Qnal_~ods of observin.9..2.DsLnP..Q!ti.ng v:i:§ibili.iY,

Following up Recommendation 24 (CSM-I) and Resolution 20(EC-IV) the above subject was the object. of an enquiry with WMO Members. -A

'resulting consolidated report wes transmitted to elMO, CAeM,CSM and CMM and distributed for information to Members. ' It was also present­ed as a Secretariat working paper at the recent simUltaneous session of the ICAO MET Division and the CAeM.

The CAeM having ,adopted 3 recommendation$, clearly expressing the preference of the aeronautical users for a sort of "average vis­ibility" called "visibility index", ,rather than the classical mini'" mum visibility, the, matter of examining a proposed" operational pro­cedure for determining the visibility index was referred to elMO. (See Section 6D3.9) ",

In the meantime a new enquiry has been undertaken with the mem­bers of CSM, with the object of ascertainihg the opinion of the syn~ opticians on the minimum versus average visibility question.

6.3,38 ~~

, Activities in aeronautical meteorology during the first part of the year were directed towards the 'preparation for the' fir'st session of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM) which was held

:PART 6 - TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION 75

simultaneously with the Meteorology Division of ICAO in Montreal dUl':ing June and July 19540 In the earlier part of the year, efforts were concentrated on preparing the working papers for the session,and sub­sequently the emphasis was laid on action towards implementing some of the resolutions adopted by the Con~ission and'the recommendations which were noted and approved by the Executive.Committee.

, The three CAeM Working Groups .. Observing Manua 1 for Air Crews, Climatological Summaries and Qualifications and Training of Meteor­ological Personnel- having completed their tasks, were ,disbanded.

A new Working Group on Meteorological Reconnaissance Observing Techniques was established •

.6.3.39 Ob~yations .. afld network§.

The simultaneous session, without wanting to overlap with the task of the CSM Working Group on Networks, examined the question of network density for upper air observations. On the basis of the needs of aeronautical meteorology, it established a number of gen­eral principles as interim guid2Dce in the assessing of the various factors involved in the requirements of upper air networks. The Ex­eeutive Committee noted this recommendation and approved a proposal for a research project on the variability of upper wind and tempera"'" ture in relation to the network density problem.

Furthermore, a number of proposals were made to increase the value of information derived from existing upper air observation­stations, and the attention was focussed on the potentialities of SFERIC networks, automatic weather stations and ground radar for meteorol,Qgical purpos~s 0 There is an urgent need for summarizing the existing knowledge on interpretation of rada,r weather echoes.

The Executive COITlffiittee referred the contents of these recom .. mendations to the appropriate WMO bodies for 'attention and action.

6.3.40 Aef.Q.!}~al,_codes

An analysis of the new aeronautical'meteorological codes indi­cated that they constituted a definite improvement on the previous codes and that they met the basio requirements of tnternational air navigation. A restricted number of minor changes liable to bring about further improvements were proposed, There were extensive dis­cussions on the question of visibility in meteorological reports, and the emphasis was laid on the existing confusion due to the lack of uniformity in reporting practices. Measures tending to bring about uniformity in this question have been proposed. (See Sec­tions 6.3.9 and 6.3.37)

Other activities on the subject of codes ~elated to the coding of high level forecasts and ground radar weather observations.

The Executive Committee referred the contents of these recom­mendations to the appropriate WMO bodies for action.

76 PART 6 - TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION

6.3. 41 ~£.Y£i1JL.Qi~£!!ii....Q.Q~~li.Q.!l2 . A number of decisions relate to meteorological phenomena which

are liable to ~ffect adversely the security of aircraft operations. One of the predominent phenomenon in this respect is aircraft icing. Emphasis w,as laid on the necessity of ,adopting a standard instrume,nt to serve ·as an indicator of ice accretion, of investigating the new ways of classifying icing conditions and studying, on a regional ba­sis, the relation between aircraft icing and the various synoptic situations. (See Section 6.2.9) .

The problem of studying turbulence, showed that it had become necessary to ask WMO to co-operate in the scheme. SpQcial atten­tion was devote~ to developing a set of concepts by means of which the structure of wind fluctuations coul~ ~e described. The urgent need was expressed for a monograph on mountain waves and associated phenomena.

The Executive Committee referred the ~ontents of these recom­mendations to the appropriate WMO bodies for action.

6.3.42 Met~oI9j..Q.9ical-2.tl.Yig~Lfor high~yel cOmp1ercial operations

High level operations are deemed to be those carried out by turbopropeller and jet aircraft and concern flight at cruising lev­els of 8 km and more. Experience in the commercial operation of

. these types of aircraft began in 1952 and as there is no doubt a­bout the future expansion of such flights, measures were proposed that will enable meteorology to satisfy the demands for a new type of meteorological information. The subjects discussed inCluded forecasting procedures for high flying aircraft, the making of me" teorological obse'rvations in high flying aircraft, in-flight meteor­ological watch as applied to high-level operations. Special atten­tion was devoted to the necessity of arriving at an agreed definition of the Jet-Stream and of publishing periodical surveys of the latest findings in this relatively new field.

The Executive Committee referred the contents of these recom­mendations to the ap~ropriate WMO bodies for action.

6.3.43 ~~1:g!.£12:m~109.Y

The meeting having examined the report of the CAeM Working Group on Climatological Summaries, made a selection of the monthly and an­nual climatological tables that should be established for interna­tional aerodromes. The need was also expressed for "Aeronautical de­scriptive climatological memoranda for particular areas and air routes""

At the request of the Executive Committee, theCCl is giving final consideration to this subje~t •

. 6.3.44 Publication.§. The Commission decided to prepare a draft of a "Manual on

PART 6 - TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION 77

Aerodrome Meteorological Office Practice tt and a text on "Observing Techniques for Meteorological Reconnaissance Flights". The "Manual on Meteorological Observing in Aircraft"~ prepared by the CAeM work­ing @Jroup of the 'same name, will be submitted to the Commission for approval, the intention being that the Second Congress should be asked to authorize its publication.

6.3.45 Qualificatio~sLtrllning . .Q.Lmeteor.Q.lQ.gic~.lJ2.g£~el~1Q.yed' in !h&-apRlication of mete.Q£.QlQ9L~!Qnay!ics .

The CAeM working group on the above subject has presented its final report to the Commission. The approach adopted by the work­ing group and approved by the Commission was to analyse the various duties of meteorological personnel employed at aerodromes a~d to pro­pose for each categ'ory of personnel curricula in ,basic knowledge (mathematlcsan(1physics) and for meteorol,ogtcal and aviation knowl­edgeo·

The Exeoutive Committee decided to refer this material for com­ments to the Members of the Organization.

6.4 ftEGIONAL ACTIVITIES

6.4.1 ~al

Considerable thought ha's been given to 'dev~loping a scheme by which the Secretariat could render similar services to Regional As­sociations as it at present renders to Technical'Commissionso It has long been felt that the Secret~riat could play its role in ensuring good co-ordination of the activities of Regional Associations with the activities of other constituent bodies of WMO. One example is the preparation of working. papers for sessions of Regional Associa­tions on questions arising out of recommendations of Technical Com­mission$ 0 Another eX,ample of such a contribution was recently giv­en by the regional problen1s raised in relation to the new interna-

. tional meteorological code~, to which the Secretariat was in a posi­tion to contribute on the occasion of the Regional Association VI ad hoc working group meeting ~n codes. Such examples can be found in the fields of all Technical Commissions.

A perhaps more urgent problem had to b~ at least partly solved in connection wi~h the working arrangements between ICAO and WMO. Since the c.onclusion of these arrangements, the number of recommen­dations referred by ICAO to WMO has undergone a sudden increase qnd in the light of this the Secretariat had to endeavour to develop the appropriate machinery that would ensure proper consideration of re­commendations of ICAO RAN.meetings by the corresponding VJMO Region­al Associations, and subsequent follow-up action with Members on the SUbstance of sucH recommendations.

,The· type of ICAO RAN recommendations that required particular

78

6.4.2

PART6 - TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION

attention are those relating to the ,establishment of basic observa­tional networks~ According to the WMO/ICAO afrangements, the re­sponsibili ty for, developing and promulgating plans for the basic synoptic networks, including both surface and upper air stations, providing inter alia for the aeronautical needs expressed by ICAO, now rests with WMO. The Organization should therefore maintain an up-to-date record of the basic getworks 'of the world, of the char­acter hitherto sought by rCAO by direct fact~finding enquiry from States in preparation for each regional meeting.

'Plans have beeridaVelopadto comply'as far as practicable with the above requirement. They consist in the establishment of charts' showing for each Region, 'for each main and intermediate syn­optic hour, the spatial distribution of existing and recommended ' surface and upper air observation stations classified according to theirtype~ Such charts have been furnished for the first time to the first'session of Regional Association II.

It should be noted that the implementation of the new activity of the Secretariat outlined above can only be achieved gradually and the need for adequate personnel to carry out these tasks will have to be carefully consideredo

A brief outline of the activity of the WMO Regional Associa-tions follows. .

R e9 io na !_b.2.§.QQ. ia t i 0 n_'!..QL A f ri.£2-1B~_JJ

(i) §2!~,!'_~~9!~~!2~ The Working Group on Solar Radiation met at Leopoldville,Belgian Congo 9 The resolutions or recommendations adopted mainly concern the various aspects of co-ordination in this field, distribution of technical information to Members, selection of a standard presentation for radiation dat'a, publication of a quarterly bul­letin and classification of solar radiation stations, according to the observations which they usually make. A comparison was made between the basic ~ngstrom pyrheliometers used at Pretoria and Leopoldville and between several secondary actinometers of the Linke type, '

(ii) g!!~2~~!29!~~!~~~!~§_f2t_6f~!2~ As the result of action taken by the Working Group dealing with a Climatological Atlas for Africa, the University of Wi'bNatersrand (Johannesburg) agreed to free Dr. S.P. Jackson from his duties as'professor of geography at the University, so that he could prepare the Atlas. Considerable progress has been made on this project.

(iii)~~~~2~2!29!2~!_~~1§92~~~!~~~!2~§ The Worki.ng Group on Telecommunications of Regional Associa­tion I held its second meeting in December 1954. The 'session

PART 6 - TECfmICAL ACTIVITIES OF-THE ORGANIZATION 79

dealt, amongst other things, with the question' of automatic communications between Telecommunications Centres and Meteor­ological Offices, delays in weather messages transmitted by public telecommunications services, communications between iSo­lated weather stations aAd territorial b~oadcast centres, the use of telecommunications material by weather observers, i.e. telegraph circuits and the international telephone lines.

(ii) R . 1 d . _~9!2r!s!~_2~_§§ The Association made regional arrangements in connection with the introduction of the new international codes on 1 January 1955.

g§!}~!~!_!~1E~~~§

Most of the activity of'Regional Association II has been con­centrated on the preparation of its first session, to be held in February 1955, at New-Delhi. ..

The Secretariat has collaborated with the President of the Association by helping to prepare 'the agenda and by preparing rele­vant worfingp-apers. A series of charts was prepared for the first time, showing the geographical distribution, by hour of observation, of existing and recommended surface and upper air stations;this was a direct consequence of working arrangements agreed upon by WMO' and ICAO" The Secretariat also .informed the President of the Regional As-sociation lIof all meteorological questions raised by IeAO.

( . \ I) g~!}~;:~!_!:§IE~~~§

The Regional Association III has establish~d the following working grqups ~

a) Telecommunications

b) EquatorialMeteorolo~y

c) Climatology

d) Maritime Meteorology

e) Meteorological Terminology

(ii) ~~!~£~2!29~2~!_0~!~~~~~ The need for weather messages from the South Atlantic has led to a decision on the part of Braz\l to operate a weather sta­~ion in the South Atlantic; it has already equipped 3 ships for this purpose. Moreover, the number of selected ships of the Argentine Republic has been increasedo Brazil has undertaken

80

6.4.5

( i)

PART 6 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANI Li\TION

to extend and improve the network of land stations, in partic­ular the teleco~unications facilities.

Telecommunications -~----------~-----An informal meeting on meteorological telecommunications in the North Atlantic, attended by experts from illegional Associations IV and VI, was held in Montreal in October 1954.There were in· teresting discussions concerning in particular . ~changes of weather data between North America and Europe.

Moreover, Regional Association .IV introduced a system of ab­breviated headings for meteorological transmissions 0n first January 1955.

(ii) Ib~_g~§~~~~~g~~!ee~~~_~~EE~S~D~_g9~!~!~~ The third session of the Committee was held at Port of Spain in March 1954. The 22 recommendations adopted relate to w~de­ly differing problems and concern particularly the improvement of observing networks nnd means of communications in the Region. The Committee proposed a definition of "Hurricane" for use in the Caribbean. It also considered the question of research on the formation and movement of hurricanes and considered that a cycle of studies under the auspices of WMO ~ould constitute a usefulmeet-i.ng ground for exchanges of opinion on the subject. The Committee proposed that Technical Assistance funds be made available for this purpose and tha~ a restricted group bf ex­perts be entrusted with these studies.

(iii) C . f b t _2~E~~~~2~_2 ___ ~E2~§_§~! Some comparisons of barometers were carried out in the Region.

(iv) E§9;2~~!_2Q9~~ Regional Association IV mad~ the necessary arrangements in connection with the introduction of the new international codes on 1 January 19550

Bgsio ~12\s s2£i~iQ.!} f or SO' outf:!.:W e~ t P ~if io _lft..h-Yl_

(i) g§~~~~1_~2~~E~~ Regional Association V held its first session at Melbourne in February 1954. Its subsequent activity was devoted to imple· mentation of the recommendations and resolutions adopted dur~ lng that session. .

(ii) g2IEE~!!~2D_2f_!D§~E~~~n~2_~e~_I]~~bg92_gf ... 2~2~~Y~~!2~ The session dis.c~ssed .the existing s~tuation regarding the

6.4.7

PART 6 TEC~~ICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION 81

comparison of instruments' and methods of observation. Subjects discussed included barometer and radiosonde comparisons and the use of radar as an instrum~nt for weather observationsD

, (iii) ~~~~2!'~2 The Association established a basic regional n6twork to meet international requirements" This question was studied on the,

, basis of the aeronautical requirements indicated by ICAO,cer­tain proposals made by the Pacific Science association, and the re~pective needs of , countries of the Region and neighbour­ing countries. The ,network adopted by Regional Association V is almost identical with that proposed by ICAO for territories within the geographic boundaries of Region V. In the same con­nection, the Association rendered more flexible the system of the collection of ships' observations. It carried out a pre'!" liminary study of the networks and inoluded,these subjects ,in the programme of studies for the period between its first and second sessions. .

(iv) Q29~2, A complete study was made durfng the session of the action to be ,taken within the Region in connection with the introduction of new international codes on 1 January 1955.

(v) I~!~~2~~~~!2~~!~Q2

( i)

Jhe improvement of weather data exchanges is of fundamental importance f0r the Regiono It was decided that morse trans­missions would be replac.ed by radioteletype transmissions.As a' iesult of the revision of exchange arrangements within the Region, the Association designated 3 sub-continental trans· mitters.

In view of the large number of problems to be handled in this field 1 the Association set up a Working Group on Telecommuni­cations ..

General remarks ._ ... ltb» __ ........... _ ... _~_

The main activity of the Region centred around that of the two ad hoc Working Gro~ps, one for Meteorological Codes, and the' other for Telecommunications.. These two 'groups met at Zurich in May 1954.

(ii) ~§~~~!}sL~f_!n~_~sLb2~_g!'~~e_2!}_B~g!£!}~!_~@~2Q!:2!29!g~!_gQQ22 . The draft agenda with explanatory riotes for this meeting was prepared by the Secretariat.

During the meeting, a full study was made of action to be

82

6.5

6.5.1

,6.5.2

PART 6 - TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION

taken within the Region for the introduction of new interna­tional codes on 1 January 1955.

(iii) M~~!~!:~'Ls:f_~b~_~~~~~~_g!:~~e_£~_!!!~~2~~~!2e~!2~~ This session was devoted to consideration of questions arising from the important changes made in the organization, of the basic teleprinter netwo'rk of Western' Europe. Particular atten­tion was given to the recommendations concerning telecommuni­cations Aadopted by the first session of CSM, more especially t6 the problem arising from the cessation of the WSY CW radio- . telegraph broadcast, the question of transmission by facsimile and radioteleprinter and the improvement of t'ransmissions from Ocean Weather Stations in the North Atlantic.

VIlMO Bg!l~t, ~.Q

The WMO Bulletin was issued quarterly in separate English and French editionso To provide space for publishing additional mate­rial, the number of pages in each issue was increased from the orig­inal figure of 24 to upwards of 40, excluding advertisements.

As well as .the regular reports of the activities of the WMO constituent bodies and the Secretariat, several articles illust~at­ing various aspects of applied meteorology were published. These included "Applied meteorology and electric power supply" by A.J. Dilloway, "Harnessing the wind" by A.H.Gordon, "Radio weather mes­sages' for ships - their practical valuettby Commander C.E.NoFrankcom andtiWeather and human contort in dwellings" by G.V. Parmelee.

Te£D.nical-Botes

In accordance with a decision of the Executive Committee in Resolution 14 (EC-IV) a new series of publications was introduced, the "WMO Technical Notes". This series is intended as a medium for providing wider distribution for suitable papers prepared for sessions of constituent bodies and'for reports by the WMO Secreta· riat. The following Technical Notes were issued during 1954

No. 1 Artificial inducement of precipitation (See Section 6.2.10)

No. 2 Methods of observation at sea (Part 1) (See Section ,Q.3.27) , No. 3 Meteorological aspects of aircraft icing (See Section 6.2.9)

No. 4 Energy from the wind, assessment of (See Section 6.2.5) suitable winds and sites

No. 5 Diverses exp~riences de comparaison de (See Section 6.3.10) radiosondes

(.

No. 6 Diagrammes aerologiques (See Section 6.3.13)

No. 7 Reduction of atmospherique pressure (See Section. 6.3.8)

PART 6 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION 83

.Q~h.~..Jl'yb ~ i c.e~ io Q.§

Progress on the production of the new International Cloud Atlas is reported under Section 6.2.2.

, In the earlier part of the year, first priority was given to the completion of the French publication "Rapport final du Premier Congres de l'OMM" and of the English and french versions of the "Abridged Report with Resolutions of the Fourth Session of the Exe~ cutive Committee", followed, after some delay due to translation problems, by the Russian and Spanish versions of these resolutions.

The "Abridged Report of the Fourth Session of the Executive Committee" appeared in English and French in the autumn of 1954 and the resolutions were published in Spanish at the end of the year. The Russian version,will appear shortly~

The Spanish and R~ssian versions of the publication If Basic Documentsn were also completed in 1954, as well as Volumes III and IV of the a International Meteorological Bibliography" Year 195211 and the Arab version of the pamphlet on "Weather Services in the Technical Assistance Programme".

The "Abridged Final Reportslt of the sessions of two Technical Commissions (CBP, CAgM) and of three Regional Associations (RA III, RA IV and RA V) were issued during the first half ,of the year. The

, Secretariat has also published a list of resolutions of Regional Association VI, adopted since its first sessiono '

To avoid duplication of work, the WMO report on the simultaneous session of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology and the Meteor­ology Division of ICAO was publ,ished by ICAO.

One of the main tasks of the year 1954 was the preparation and publication, before the entry into force of the new codes(l January 1955) of Volume B of Publication Noo 9 "Codes", containing the inter-, national and regional codes used for weather messages. A new chapter, Chapter III~ now under preparation, will indicate national coding practices.

A new chapter 13 "Radiosonde measurements" was added to Publica­tion No. 8, ltGuide to International Meteorological Instruments and Observing Practice". Chapter 3, "Measurement of pressure" was revis­ed and a revised edition of Chap"ter 8 "Measurement of visibility" is under preparation.

~2~~1g9_2f_§~ee!~~~D~2 As in the past, WMO Publications No.2, 5 and 9 were kept up­

to-date by means of supplements.

With regard to the ,regular supplements to Publication No.9, it should be noted th~t the total number of supplements has decreased but, on the ,other hand, that they have considerably increased in size. Thus three fairly bulky supplements were issued to Volume A, eleven to Fascicule III and ten to Fascicule IV in tho' course of

84

6.5.4

PART 6 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION

the year.

A supplement was published in the four official languages to the "Specifications for Meteorological Services for International Air Navigation". This supplement contains amongst other things flight log forms for use with the POMAR and AIREP codes.

A ,complete list of publications issued during 1954 is given as Annex 2 to this report.

The following publications were in the course of preparation at the end of the yea-r 1954 .g Three Technical Notes, a new pub1ication­"List of Selected and Supplementary Ships" - Minutes of the fifth session of the Executive Committee and "Guide to Meteorological Ll­braXy Practice".

Libra!y

977 new volumes were received during 1954, which included 103 purchases, 39 WMO publications and 835 gifts from Meteorological Services, the United Nations, other national institutions and inter­national organizations, authors and members of the WMO staff.

Subscriptions were taken out of 15 periodicals and other pe-. riodicals were received free of charge or on an exchange basis.

Apirt from the current tasks, work was continued so far as pos­sible on the re-classification of the volumes of the IMO Library and periodic observational data (received by IMO during the years 1930-1951). This work could not proceed as raRidly as desired be­cause of the cancellation of the post of supernumerary 'assistant~ provided for 1953 only. For the same reason, it was not possible to begin cataloguing important articles which are appearing in me­teorological reviews.

7.1

7.1.1

7.1.2

PAR T 7

ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES

STAFF MATTERS

,Direction of the Secretariat

Throughout 1954, Dr. Go Swoboda has continued in his appoint­ment as Acting Secretary-General. One task of the Second Congress will be the nomination of a Secretary-General, and action has been taken to make the vacancy known and to receive candidatures. Appli­cat"ions which are received, will be examined by Second Congress in ac.cordance with procedures for the selection and appointment of the Secretary-General, which were approved by the fifth session of the Executive Committee.

Recruitment of staff

Two vacant posts of Technical Officer P.2, Technical Division, have been filled during 1954, these technical staff appointments be­ing made in conformity with the policy laid down by the Executive Committee at its second session for the procedure to be observed with respect to new appointments.

One vacancy resulted from the promotion of Mr. N. Veranneman to the post of Senior Technical Officer (P.-3) during 1953, and the dead line for applications for this post was extended by the Execut­ive Committee, at its fourth session to 31st J~nuary 1954.

This post was filled by Mr. A.M. Megenine of the U.S.S.R. Hydro­Meteorological Service, who commenced duty on 26th July 1954, and whose appointment was confirmed by the Executive Committee at its fifth session.

The second yacant post of Technical Officer P-2 resulted from the termination of the appointme.nt of Mr. A. Gordon on 25~.n July 1954 and applications for this post were invited by means ' 'of Vacancy Notice 23, which was distributed to all Mete.orological Services. The successful candidate, whose appointment was also confirmed by the Executive Committee at its fifth session was Mr. M.A. Alaka of Iraq, whose appointment became effective on 30th October 1954.

When filling the above technical posts, due regard was given to the importance of recruiting and maintaining the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible.

In accordance with the Starfing Provisions approved by the Executive Committee for the Secretariat during 1954, the filling

86

7.1.3

PART 7 ... ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES

of the post of Junior Technical Officer P-l shown under Technical SectS.on 2 in the Annex to Resolution 26 (EC-II) was withheld and action was taken to employ two T(0chnical Assistants G-5 in a tempor­ary capacity in lieu of the P-l posto One temporary G-5 with English mother tongue and recruited from the British Meteorological Service, and another G'~5 with French mother tongue was recruited from the French Meteorological Service to occupy these two G-5 posts.

All positions in the General Service Category, listed as either classified or temporary posts, in the Staffing Provisions approved in the 1954 budget were occupied'as at 31.12 0 54. When filling any of the new posts approved by the fourth session of the Executive Commit­tee, or posts rendered vacant by virtue of resignation, applications have been invited by means of Vacancy Notices both inside and outside the Secretariato When preparing nominations for the approval of the Secretary-General~ due consideration has been given to the qualifica­tions and ability of internal candidates, especially when promotional opportuniti.es have occurred for G staff personnel, occupying a class .. ified posto The general standard of applications received in response to Vacancy Notices, has continued to be high with the result' that suitable appointments to all vacant posts have been possible.

~if_9.f.1a[l£L~.2

Due to budget limitations, the Staffing Provisions approved by the fourth session of the Executive Committee for 1954, necessitated a ,reduction' in the number of temporary personnel in the General Serv­ice category, employed within the Secretariat. However, the recruit­ment of an additional TechnlGal Assistant G-5 and of an Accountsc1erk G-5 as approved by the Executive Committee~ slightly offset this de­creaseo Changes in the composition of the technical staff of the Secretariat have been indicated in Section 701.2 above.

It must be pointed out that the Staffing Provisions in the 1954 budget for the Publications Section were inadequate to cope with the work lo~d of ~his Section, and prior to the fifth sessiori of the Executive Committee it was necessary to recruit an additional temp:>­ra:c'l proof-reader in order to complete the~pub1ication of urgently required documents 4l Funds for the employment of this additional terrpo­rary proof-reader were available? due to the delay in recru~tment of suitable appointees to fill vacant posts.

At its fifth session, the approval of the Executive Committee was obtained for a supplementary estimate to the budget for the financ:!.al year 1 January to 31 December 1954, in accordance with Artj.cles 6.,6 and 607 of the Financial Regulations.' The additional appropriations approved by -'r.he Executive Committee enabledaddi tion­al temporary proof-reading staff for the Publications Section and additional typing assistance in the Administrative Division,in order to accomplish outstanding items in the Publications Programme of the Organization, the completion of which as soon as possible was highly desirable ..

7.2

7.2.1

PART 7 - ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES 87

The variation in the staffing of the Secretariat has been sum­.. marited in Annex 3 to this Report.

The geographical distribution of citizenship among the different categories of staff members (U = unclassified, P = classified profes­

·s10nal staff, G = established general services staff, S = supernumer­ary staf·f) as at 31 Deci;"Imber 1954~ was as follows ~

Australia Belgium France German Federal Greece Iraq Netherlands Norway Romania Spain Switzerland United Kingdom U~SeS.R.

Switzerland United Kingdom

Sta f.f_P ens i.Q.I.1

Republic

S~9.!~tariat Staff

U P G S

1 1 1

1 5 4 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1

1 12 10 1 4 3 1

Technical Assistance Unit -.~-,.-...--~--------

P

1

G

1

Total

1 2

10 2 1 1 2 1 1 1

23 8 1

Total

1 1

As at 31 December 1954, 44 staff members who fulfilled the neces­sary conditions had been admitted to participation in the United Na­tions Joint Staff Pension Fundo

At its first session, the Executive Committee of the World Mete­orologicalOrganization decided to recognize the competence of the Administrative Tribunal of the United Nations for the hearing of appeals by staff members concerning the non-observance of the stat-utes of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund (See Section 1.2.10).

7 • 3 E1lffiJiCI~1-MA T,TERS

The year 1954 was th~ fourth fiscal year of the first financial period 1951/5, The audited accounts rendered for the year.ended

88

7.3.1

PART 7 - ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES

31 December 1954 show that ',the financial status of the Organization continues to be satisfactory.,:, ,

Appropriations to the annua.1 budget during, the period have been controlled by the overall budget set up by the First Congress. It is now evident that, providing the Publications programme, the Cloud Atlas and the other special projects proceed as expected, there will remain only a very small budgetary surplus at the end of the period -31 December 1955.' There should, however, be a sUbstantial actual surplus which is accumulating in the General Fund from the income derived from the contributions received from new Members, the sale of publications and other miscellaneous sources. At its fifth ses· sion the Executive Committee decided to invite the attention of Congress towards the possible utilization of an appropriate part of this surplus during the first financial period for the purpose of implementing certain essential programme items.

Contributions ..................... ---.-.-...-..

The rate of receipt of contributions has improved in 1954. The following table summarizes th~ position with regard to the collection· as at 31 December 1954, and the details are given in Annex 4.

To1e.L~I!buti.Q.!l§. ~entage Bi1ances As~ed B.§ceiveg ~ceived .Qutst~!l9

1951 ;t 195,249 1> 190,686 97.66 1 4,563 1952 284,247 281,989 99.20 2,258 1953 289,960 275,574 95.03 14,386 1954 __ 306..d-58 __ 266

2.§B 870m 3916~J.

Total for the period 1951/54 ¢1~075,914 1>1,015,086 94.35 ¢ 60,828

7.3.2

7.3.3

=========:::: ======:.:=== ===== ===========

The rate of receipt at the end of 1953 was 91.66 %.

~.Q!!iilliLCaEit~.Lf1!n9

Advances to the Working Capital Fund have been received at ap­proximately the same rate as for contribution~. No recourse has been made to this fund o

1951-54

To~l h.§.§~.§2~

;t 75,350

Collect~ hmQ~, Percentage

¢ 71,914 95.44

~th~fu11 details are given in Annex 5.

~getary gosition

The gross surplus for the year 1954 was ¢ 97,890 which includes the unobligated balance of approp~iations % 74,715. This brings the overall surplus for the period 4 April 1951 to 31 December 1954 to % 203,244, which is made up and will be surrended as follows·:

PART 7 - ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES 89

Contributions assessed for 1951 't 190,000 Contributions assessed for 1952 267,379 Contributions assessed for 1953 284,881 Contributions assessed for 1954 295,892 't 1,038,152

=========c::::::::.

Appropriation for 1951 Budget ¢ 190,000 ApprGlP:i~lattcn for 1952 Budget 272,379 Appropriation for 1953 Budget 421,477 Appropriation for 1954 Budget 401,637 ¢ 1,285,493 ---less .. Assessment for miscellaneous 0

income 1952 ¢ 5,000 1953 15,000 1954 3,000

re-appropriation from t.he General Fund 224,341 247,341 -----

¢ 1,038,152

add Contributions assessed on new Members in 1951 ~ 5,249

Contributions assessed on new Members in 1952 16,868

Contributions assessed on new Members in 1953 5,079

Contributions assessed on new Members in 1954 10,566 37,762

-~,-

add Miscellaneous income received for 1951 ¢ 1,352

Miscellaneous income received for 1952 3,751

Miscellaneous income received for 1953 7,735

Miscellaneous income received for 1954 15,609 28,447

-------- -~--------

't 1,104,361

less g ObI iga tions' incurred 1951 ¢ 123,357 Obligations incurred 1952 178,969 Obligations incurred 1953 271,869 ·Obligat,ions incurred 1954 326,922 ¢ 901,117

---- ------¢ 203,244 --------------------------

90

7.3.4

7.3.5

7.4

7.4.1

PART 7 - ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES

In addition to the income to be derived from contributions and the sale of publications, the Executive Committee decided to appro­priate from the General Fund the sum of 0 " II •••• II % 6,859

Following the practice of previous years, the sixth session of the Executive Comnlittee will be requested to authorize the re-appropriation in 1955 of the amount of the unobligated balances of the following appropriations in order to continue the Publications programme and the Cloud Atlas project for 1954, but uncompleted in that year

Contractual printing c • • II

Cloud Atlas • 0

Temporary assistance • 0 • II

Thus leaving an.actual net surplus, to revert to the General Funds of 6.. 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • •

IechDl:£a*_~s~isJ.'§D..9.§....Uni t

16,417 37,280 3,196

¢ 63,752

:3 139,492

fi 203,244

=========

A ·further sUbstantive sUbvention of % 15,000 was received from United Nations Technical Assistance Administration to finance the operational costs of the World Meteorological Organization Technical Assistance Unit. The account rendered as at 31 December 1954 shows an obligated balance of ¢ 217 to carry forward to 1955,and a further sUbvention of $ 15,000 for this year has now been received.

Ac,£ id.en1-i~raJ}££

In accordance with the directive given to the Secretary-General, under Resolution 59 (EC~IV); negotiations were finalized with the Northern Insurance Company, Ltd., with respect to a policy designed to cover the Organization's liability in the event of death, injury or other disability incurred by a staff member as a result of the performance of official duties. The necessity for such insurance coverage has been already proven, two claims by the Organization upon the Northern Insurance Company in respect of accidents to staff having been recently met.

B£t:ROI2UCI.IO~tAND DIS TR IBUTION SERV I~E§

Dis,t!1Qut1£rL. ot-2ubl ica tions

The demand for publications produced by the Organization con­tinues to increaseji as the follot'ving comparative statistics clearly illustrate ~

7.4.2

PART 7 ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES

1953

Number of free publications issued 4535

Number of free WMO Bulletins issued 3065

Number of publications sold 1557

Number of Bulletins sold as a result . of subscriptions 409

Income from publications and Bulletin sales ~ 5,143

1954

5386

3485

3182

403

~ 11,937

91

With this increased demand 9 the provision of additional assist­ance on a permanent. .basis in the Publications Distribution Section in order to ensure prompt handling of requ0sts for publications has now become a matter of urgency, and sui tabls staffing prpvisions have been included by the Secretary-General in his proposals for the es­tablishment of the Secretariat during the second financial period.,

Re2£o du c t~Q.D2nd _.9J,~ tri l?ut io rL.£f~sLq,s~m§J}.!§

Despite the fewer number of meetings of constituent bodies of the Organization during 1954a5 compared with 1953, the work load on the General Services Section has continued to be heavyo The staffing strength in this Section~ as approved in the 1954 budget~ has at. times been unable to adequateiy meet all the demands placed upon it, and as a result the allotment of priorities to typing and documenta­tion work has, in such cases, been necessal"yo The following table gives a comparison of the work 10ads during 1952, 1953 and the cur­rent yea:r.'"

Period Letters outward (Correspondenc e)

Circl1lal' letters

Total number of stencils (Docs~~

Publ.~Circeletters)

Number of pages mimeographed

--... ---~ .. --1952 1953 1954

5000 7520

10856

160 331 293

4000 (approx G) 9327 8716

180~OOO (approxo) 968,500 ' 874,505

92

ANNEX 1/ ANNEXE I

LIST OF PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES/

LISTE DES REPRESENTANTS PERMANENTS

Argentina Argentine

Australia Australie

Belgian Congo Congo BeIge

Belgium Belgique

3ermuda Bermudes

Bolivia Bolivie

Cape de Fragata CQ Nunez Monasterio

EcW. Timcke

N. Vander Elst

Profo EdmQ Lahaye

Dr. W.A" Macky

Brazil Eng. FoX.R. de Souza Bresil

British Caribbean W.Ao Grinsted Territories

Territoires britan-niques des Caraibes

British East African DoA. Davies Territories and Indian Ocean Islands

Territoires britan­niques de ItAfrique orientale et des iles de ItOcean Indien

Servicio Meteorol6gico Nacional, P~~eo Co16n 317~ 2° Piso, Buenos Aires

Meteorological Branch Victoria Street, Box 1289 KG. P .0 0 ,

Melbourne

Service Meteorologique, 5e Direction, 6e D.G. Gouvernement General, Leopoldville

Institut Royal Meteorolo­gique de Belgique, 3 Ave­nue Circulaire~ Uccle pr~s Bruxelles

MeteorQlogicalOffice, Hamilton

Servigo de Meteorologia, Praga 15 de NQvembro No.2, 5° andar, Rio de Janeiro

British Caribbean Meteoro­logical Service, P.O. Box 461, Port-of~Spain,

Trinidad

East African Meteorolo­gical Department, P.Oo Box 931, Nairobi,. Kenya

PERMANENT .REPRESENTATIVES/REPRESENTANTS'PERMANEN!S 93

Bri~ish Malaya/Borneo loG. John Territories , Terri toires bri tan­

niques de la Malaisie et d.e Borneo

British West Afritan J.R. Clackson Territories .

Territoires britan­niques de l'Afrique

. occidentale

. Bulgaria Dr. Lubomir Krastanov' Bulgarie

Burma Dr. M. Po E Birmanie

Byelorussian-S.S.R Andrei A. Glomozda Bielorussie-RoS.S.

Canada Canada

Ceylon Ceylan

China Chine

Cuba Cuba

Czechoslovakia Tchecoslovaquie'

Denmark , Danemark

Dr. Ao Thomson

Dr. D.ToE. Dassanayake

Dr. T OCQ Cheng

Cap. de Corbeta J.C. Millas

Joseph Zitek

Helge Petersen

. Malayan Meteorological Service,P.O. Box 715, Singapore

West African Headquarters, B.WoAo Meteorological Services!, Lagos, Nigeria

Service Hydrometeorologi­que, Rue Dragan Zankoff 6, Sofia

Burma Meteorological Department 619 Merchant Street, Rangoon

Administration of the Hy­dro-Meteorological Serv-

, ice· of the Byelorussian­S,. S 0 R 0

Revolyutsionnaya Ulitsa 4, Minsk'

Meteorological Division, Department of Transport, 315 Bloor Street West, Toronto 5

Colombo Observatory, Bul­lers Road!, Colombo

Central Weather Bureau, Noo 25, Lane 174, Kien Kuo Nan Road, Taipeh, Taiwan (Formosa)

Observatorio Nacional, S~rvicio M~~eoro16gico, Casa Blanca, La Habana

Institut National de Me­teorologie, ' Holeckova 8, Prague '

Det Danske Meteorologiske Institut, Charlottenlund

94 PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES/REPHESENTANTS'PERMANENTS

Dominican Republic Juan Moline R~p~blique Dominicaine

Ecuador Luis'Eduardo Mena Equateur

Egypt M.F. Taha Egypte

Ethiopia Ethiopie·

Federal Republic Dr. R. Benkendorff of Germany . Re~ubli~ue fed~rale dtAllemagne

Fedeiation of Rh6desia N.P. Sellick and Nyasaland F~deration des Rhod~sies et du Nyassaland

Finland Prof. Matti O. Finlande Franssila

France A. Viaut France

French ,Cameroons A. Viaut Cameroun

French Equatorial Au Viaut Africa'

Afrique Equatoriale Fran~aise

French Oceania Ao Viaut Etablissements fran-~ais de l'Oceanie

French Somaliland A. Viaut A ' .

Cote fran~aise des i

Somalis

French Togoland Ao Viaut Togo

Servicio Meteoro16gico Ciudad-Truji110

Servicio Meteoro16gico del Ecuador, Obse.rvatorio Astron6mico, Apartado 165 Quito

Meteorological Department, Koubry e1 Quobba P 00:. , Cairo

Deutscher Wetterdienst Zentralstelle, Bockenhei­mer Landstrasse 42, Frankfurt/M

Meteorolo~ical Office~ P.O.' Box 8066, Causeway, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia

Ilmatieteellinen Keskuslaitos, Vuorikatu 24, Helsinki

Meteorologie Nationale, 1 Quai Branly, Paris 70

Meteorologie Nationale, 1 Quai Branly, Paris 7e

Meteorologie Nationale, 1 Quai Branly~ Paris 7e

Meteorologie Nationale, 1 Quai Branly, Paris 7e'

Meteorologie Nationale, 1 Quai Branly, Paris 7e

Meteorologie Nationale, 1 Quai Branly, Paris'7e

PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES/REPRESENTANTS PERMANENTS 95

French West Africa Afrique Occidentale Fran9aise

Greece Grece

Guatemala Guatemala

Haiti Haiti

Hong Kong Hong-Kong

Hungary Hongrie

Iceland Islande

India Inde

Indones~a Indonesie

Iraq Irak

Ireland Irlande

Israel Israel

Ao Viaut

E. Vour1akis

c. Urrutia Evans

Andre Cauvin

C.S. Ramage

Frigyes Desi

Mrs. T~ Gudmundsson

Dr. S. Basu

Dr. R. Goenarso

Toufiq Fattah

Dr. M. Doporto

M. Gilead

Meteorologie Nationale, 1 Quai Branly~ Paris 7e

.Service Meteorologique National, 28 Rue Churchill Athenes

Observatorio Nacional Meteorol6gico y Sismol6-gico ?'La Aurora II, Guatemala

Bureau Meteorologique et Hydrologique, Direction Genal'ale des Services Hy­drauliques, Avenue Pie XII, Cite de ltExposition, Port-au-Prince

Royal Observatory, Nathan Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Orszagos Meteorologiai Intezet, Kitaibel Pal utca 19 Budapest II

Vedurstofan~ Reykjavik

India Meteorological De· partment, Lodi Road, New. Delhi

Meteorological and Geophy­sical Service, Djalan Ge­redja ~nggris 3, Djakarta

Meteorological Office, Ministry of Communica­tions and Works, Baghdad

Meteorological Service, Department of Industry and Commerce, 44 Upper O'Connell Street, Dublin

Meteorological Service, P.Oo Box 36, Hakirya

96 PERMANeNT REPRESENTATIVES/REPRESENTANTS PERMANENTS

Italy Italie

Japan , Japon

Lebanon Liban

Luxembourg Luxembourg

Madagascar Madagascar et d'ependances

Mexico Mexique

Morocco, French Protectorate

Maroc, protectorat fran¥ais

Netherlands Pays-Bas

Netherlands Antilles Antilles neerlan­daises

Netherlands New Guinea Nouvelle-Guinee neerlandaise

New Caledonia Nouvelle-Caledonia

Col. D. Libri

Kiyoo Wadati

C. Hansen

A. Viaut

Ing. F.lo Pefia Aguirre

A. Viaut

Ing. C.J. Warners

Ing. CoJ. Warners

Ingo C.J. Warners

A. Viaut

Servizio Meteorologico per ItAeronautica, Ispettorato delle Telecomunicazioni e dell!Assistenza al Volo, Ministero della pifesa ' Aeronautica l' Roma ,

Central Meteorological Observatory, Otemachi, 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

Service Meteorologique et Hydrographique, 40 avenue de 1a Porte Neuve, Luxem­bourg

Meteorologie Nationale, 1 Quai Branly, Paris 7e

Servicio ,Meteorologico Mexicano, Direcci6n de Geograffa y Meteorologfa, Avenida del Observatorio 192, Tacubaya, DoF.

Meteorologie Nationale, I Quai Branly, Paris 7e

Koninklijk'Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, Utrechtse weg 297, De Bilt

Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, Utrechtse weg 297, De Bilt

Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, Utrechtse weg 297, De Bilt

Meteorologie Nationale 9

I Quai Sranly, Paris 7e

PERMANENT ; REP,HESENTATIVES/REP~ESE~ANTS PERMANENTS 97

New Zealand Nouvelle-Zelande

Norway Norvege.

Pakistan . Pakistan

Paraguay Paraguay

Peru· Perou

Philippines Philippines

Poland Pologne

Portugal Portugal

Portuguese East Africa Afrique Orientale Portugaise

Portuguese West Africa Afrique Occidentale Portugaise

Romania Roumanie

Spain Espagne

Dr. M.A.F. Barnett

Dr. Th. Hesselberg

.:

SoN. Naqvi

Cmdte E. Roldan S.

Dr. Casimiro del Rosario

Dr. Ing. Julian Lambor

Prof. H. Amorim Ferreira

Eng. Jose Alberto Soares

Eng. Fernando Augusto Leal .

Ing. Sorin Dumitrescu

Luiz de Azcarraga

New Zealanq Meteorological Service, P.OQ B6x722, Wellington

Det Norske Meteot'ologiske Institutt, NiGls Henrik Abels vei 40, Blin~ern', Oslo

Pakistan Meteorological Service, Pakistan Secret­ariat Block 1-3, F~ere Road, Karachi

Direcci6n General de Meteo­rologia, Avenida Hipolito' Unanue No. 408, Apartado 1308, Lima

Weather Bureau,~Marsman Building, Port Area, Manila

Institut.Hydrologique et Meteorologique de Pologne, ul, Partyzant6w 6, Varsovie

Servi~o Meteorol$gico Nacional, Largo de Santa Isabel, Lisbonne

Servi~o Meteoro16gico de Mo~ambique, Observat6rio Campos Rodrigues, Louran~o Marques, Mogambique

Servigo Meteorologico de Angola, Caixa·Postal 1228, Luanda, Angol'a

Direction Generale Hydro­meteorologique de Bucarest Bd General Magheru 6-8, Bucarest

Servicio Meteoro16gico Nacional, Calle Orfila No.9, Apartado de Correos 285, Madrid

98 PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES/REPRESENTANTS PERMANENTS

Spanish Territories of Guinea

Territoires espagnols qe Guinee

Surinam Surinam

Sweden Suede

Switzerland Suisse

Syria Syrie

Territories of the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco

Territoires du protec­torat e$p~gnol du Maroc

Thailand Thailande

Tunisia Tunisie

Turkey Turquie

Ukrainian-SoSoR. Ukraine-R .S .• S.

Union of South Africa Union Sud-Africaine

Ing. e.J. Warners

Dr. Alf Nyberg

Prof. Dr. Ing. J. Lugeon

Fouad Kalaagi

Rear. Admiral Charoon V. Bur:.nag

A. Viaut

Fuad Adali

Timofei K. Bogatyr

Dro T.E.W. Schumann

Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, Utrechtse weg 297, De Bilt

Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Fridhemsgatan 9, Stockholm

Station Centrale Suisse de Meteorologie, KrahbUhlstrasse 58, Zurich

Service Meteorologique, Ministere de la Defense Nationale, Najmeh Square, Damas

Meteorological Department, Royal Thai Navy, Bangkok

Meteorologie Nationale~ 1 Quai Branly, Paris 7e

Direction Generale du Service Meteorologique d'Etat Case postale 401, Ankara

Administration ,of the Hydro-Meteorological Serv­ice of the Ukrainian-S.SoRoi Zolotovorotskaya Ulitsa 6, Kiew

Weather Bureau, Private Bag 97, Pretoria

PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES/REPRESENTANTS PER.MANENTS 99

United Kingdom of Sir Graham Sutton Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Royaume-Uni de Grande­Bretagne et dtIrlande du Nord

United States of America Dro F.W. Reichelderfer Etats-Unis dtAmerique

Uruguay Uruguay

Union of Soviet Socialist ~epublics

Union des Republi­ques Socialistes Sovietiques

Venezuela Venezuela

Yugoslavia Yougoslavie

Cap. de Nav10 Yolando D. Mognoni

A.A. Solotoukhine

Tenel Miguel Vicente Vejar Gorrin

Ing. Milisav Perovic

Meteorological Office, Air Ministry~ Kingsway, London W.C.2

U.So Weather Bureau, 2400 M Street N.W., Washington 25, D.C.

Servicio Meteoro16gico del Uruguay, Casilla 64, Montevideo

Chief Administration of the Hydro-Meteorological Service under the Council of Ministers of the U.S.S.R., Oulitza Pawlika Morosova 12, Moskwa

Direcci6n de Meteorologia y Comunicaciones, Maracay

Direction du Service Hydro­meteorologique de la Repu­blique Populai±e Federati­ve de Yougoslavie, Kneza Milo~a 26/V, Case Postale 604, Belgrade

100 ANNEX 2

lNMO - No. rll. RC. I - WMO Congress ~ Proceedings of the First Session, Paris 1951. French ..

Illl.RC. ~

WMO - No. I - WMO Congress ~ Documents of the First Session, Paris. 19510 French.

WMO - NOe 9." IP. 4 - Synoptic Weather Messages (former IMO Publication No.9; being completed by the WMO).

Volume B ~ Codes. E:1glish - French.

WMO - No. 15. BD. I - Basic documents of the World Meteorological Organization. 1st Edition, 1953. Russian - Spanish.

WMO - No. 17. TP. 5 - Bibliographie Meteoro1ogique Internationale. Annee 1952. Fascicules III, IV.

WMO - No. 20. RC. 5 - Executive Committee. Abridged. Report with resolutions of the Fourth Session, Geneva, 1953. English - French.

Resolutiomof the Fourth Session. Russian - Spanish.

WMO - No. 22. RP.IO - Regional Association III (South America)!! Abridged Final Report of the First Session, Rio de Janeiro, September~1953. English - Spanish.

WMO - No. 23. RP.ll - Regional A~~sociation IV (North and Central America). Abridged Final Report of the First Session, Toronto, August~1953e English - French o

WMO - No. 24. IP. 7 - Artificial Inducement of Precipitation. Technical Note No. I. Englisho French summary.

WMO - No. 25. Working Arrangements between the ICAO and the WMO. English - French - Spanish~

WMO - No. 26. TP. 8 - Methods of Observation at Sea" Part I - Sea Surface Temperatureo Technical Note No.2. English. French summaryo

WMO - No. 27. RP.12 - Commission for Agricultural Meteorology. Abridged Final Report of the First Session 9 Paris, November, 19530 English - French$

VIlMO - No. 28. RP.l3 - Regional Association V (South-West Pacific). Abridged Final Report of the First Session9 Melbourne, January, 19540 English - French~

VIlMO - No. 29. RP o 14 - Annual Report of the WMO 1953. E09lish - French.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE WMO ISSUED IN 1954 101

VIlMO - No. 30. TP. 9 - Meteorological Aspects of Aircraft Icing. Technical Note No .. 3. English. French summary.

WMO - No. 31. RP. 15 - Commission for Bibliography and publications. Abridged Final Report of the First Sessio~. Paris, November - December, 1953. English - French.

WMO - No. 32. TP. 10 - Energy from the Wind - Assessment of suitable winds and sites. Technical Note No. 40 English. French surrunary"

WMO - No. 33. RP. 16 - Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology. Abridged Final Report of the First Session, Volume II, Montreal, June - July 1954. English - French.

WMO .. No. 34. RC. -6'" Executive Committee~ Abridged Report, with resolutions of the Fifth Session, Genev~, 1954. English - French.

Resolutions of the Fifth Session. ' Russian - Spanish.

WMO - No. 35. TP. 11 - Diverses experiences de comparaison de radiosondes -Technical Note No. 5 Diagrammes aerologiques -Technical Note No* 6 0 Frenchu English - Russian -Spanish summaries.

WMO - No. 36. TP. 12 - Reduction of Atmospheric Pressure - Preliminary Report on Problems, involved ~, Technical Note No.7. English~ French - Russian - Spanish summaries.

WMO - No. 37. RPo 17 - Regional Association VI (Europe)oReso~utions and Recommendation~' adopted since the First Session (June 1952 - December 1954). English - French.

WMO Bulletin - Vol\me III - 19540

Supplerilents to Publications No 0 2 - 5 - 8 - 9 and VII/I.

TABLE OF STAFF CHfu~GES WITHIN THE WMO SECRETARIAT·1.1~1952 TO 31.12.1954

. Established Posts Occupied

A D Tot3.1 . DATE Unclassified :8* c** Supernumerary :B + a + D . liumber

Posts p - Staff G - Staff B + 0 Staff' of Posts I

1. 1.1952 2 P 1 11 12 4 16 18

1. 1.1952 2 6 11 23 7 30 32

1. 1.1953 2 ·1*** 21 28 14 42 44 1. 3.1953 2 7 23 30 12· 42 44 1. 6.1953 2 7 23 30 . 13 43 45

1. 9.1953 2 7 23 30 19 49 51 .

31.12.1953 2 7 24 31 16 41 49

1. 7.1954 2 . 7 26 33 11 44 46

31.12.1954 t"'j 8 26 34 18 . 52 54 t:.

-. -.---------<.....--~-.-- .~-

* Post of Chief of Technical Assistance Unit (p-3) 'not included.

** Post of Secretary-T,ypist (G-3), Tec~ical Assistance Unit not included.

*** Post of Chief of Administrative Division filled temporarily from 11th November 1952 until 1st June 1953, when the pos·t was filled.

/; Post of Secretary-General and Deputy Secretary-General filled.

l-' o f\)

§ ~

w

Member Amounts assessed

Membre Montants fixes

~gentina / Argentine ~016

Australia / Australia 5016

Belgian Congo / Congo BeIge 2006

Belgium / Belgique 4013

Bermuda / Bermudes 201

Bolivia / Bolivie -Brazil / Bresil 5016

British Caribbean Territories -Territoires britanniques des Caraibes

British East Afrioan Territories and Indian Ooean Islands 1605

Territoires britanniques de l'Afrique orientale et des lIes de l'Ooean Indien

British Malaya / Borneo Territ-ories 1807

Territoires britanniques de 1a Malaisie et de Borneo

British West Afrioan Territories 1605 Territoires britanniques de l'Afrique oooidentale

Bulgaria / Bulgarie -Burma / Birmanie 1404

B.ye1orussian - S.S.R. 1807 Bie10russie - R.S.S.

Canada / Canada 5016

Ceylon / Ceylan. 1151

China / Chine -5016

Cuba / Cuba -Czeohos1ovakia / Toheooslovaquie 2006

CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVABLE FROM MEMBERS AS AT 31st DECEMBER 1954 (Amount expressed in U.S. dollars)

ETAT AU 31 DECEMBRE 1954 DES CONTRIBUTIONS A RECEVOIR DES MEMBRES

(Montants exprimes en dollars des Etats-Unis)

1951 1952 1953

Reoeived Due Amounts Reoeived Due Amounts Reoeived assessed assessed

Montants Montants Montants Montants Montants verses 00. fixes verses 00. fixes verses

501 6 - 7059 7059 - 7059 -5016 - 7059 7059 - 7059 7059

2006 - 2823 2823 - 2823 2823

4013 - 5647 5647 - 5647 5647

201 - 282 282 - 282 282

- - - - - - -453 4563 7059 7059 - 7059 7059

- - - - - 306 306

1605 - 2259 2259 - 2259 2259

1807 - 2541 2541 - 2541 2541

1605 - 2259 2259 - 2259 2259

- - 1431 1431 - 1977 1977

1404 - 1977 1977 - 1976 1976

1801 - 2541 2541 - 2541 2541

5016 - 7059 7059 - 7059 7059

1151 - 1977 1977 - 1976 1976

5016 - 7059 7059 - 7059 7059

- - 1264 1264 - 1694 1694

2006 - I 2823 2823 - 2823 2823

1954

Due Amounts Reoeived assessed

Montants Montants 00. fixes verses

7059 7059 -- 7059 7059

- 2823 2823

- 5647 5647

- 282 282

- 928 372

- 7059 -- 1129 1129

- 2259 2259

- 2541 2541

- 2259 2259

- 1977 1977

- 1976 1976

- 2541 2541

- 7059 7059

- 1976 1

- 7059 7059

--

Due

00.

7059

----556

7059

-

-

-

-

----

1915

-

I

I

I

I

~ ~

...........

~ .p.

141 i

~

1951

Member Amounts Reoeived Due Amounts assessed assessed

Membra Montants Montants Montante fixes verses Th1 fixes

Denmark / Danemark 1549 1549 - 3388

Dominioan Republio 401 401 - 565 Repub1ique Dominioaine

Eouador / Equateur 460 460 - 847

Egypt / Egypta I 3009 3009 - 4235

Ethiopia / Ethiopia - - - -Federal Repub1io of Germany - - - -

Repub1ique feder~le Allemande ~

Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasa1an,d 1204 1204 - 1694

Federation des Rhodesies et du Nyassa1and

Finland / Fin1ande 2006 2006 - 2823

Franoe / Franoe 10031 10031 - 14117

Frenoh Cameroons / Cameroun 401 401 - 565

Frenoh Equatorial Afrioa 803 803 - 1129 Afrique Equatoria1e Fran9aise

Frenoh Ooeania 201 201 - 282 Etab1issements fran9ais de l'Oceanie

Frenoh Somali land 201 201 - 2,82 Cate fran9aise des Somalis

Frenoh Togo1and / Togo 201 201 - 282

Frenoh West Ai'r'ioa 1605 1605 - 2259 AfriqueOcoident~le Fran9aise

Greeoe / Greoe 1204 1204 - 1694

Guatemala / Guatemala - - - 395 -

Hai ti / Ha!ti 206 206 - 565

Hong Kong / Hong-Kong 401 -401 - 565

Hungar.y / Hongrie 1404 1404 - 1977

Iceland / Islande 602 602 - 847

India / Inde 6420 6420 - 9035

Indochina / Indochine 2006 2006 ...: 2823

Indonesia / Indonesie 3009 3009 - 4235

Iraq / Irak 803 803 - 112~

Ireland / Irlande 1605 1605 - 2259, _

Israel / Israin 1204 1204 - 1694

1952 1953

Reoeived Due Amounts Reoeived assessed

Montants Montants Montante verses Th1 fixes verses

3388 - 3388 - 3388

565 - 565 565

642 205 8.47 -4235 - 4235 4235

- - - -- - - -

1694 - 1694 1694

2823 - 2823 2823

14117 - 14117 14117

565 - 565 565

1129 - 1129 1129

282 - 282 282

282 - 282 282

282 - 282 282

2259 - 2259 2259

1694 - 1694 1694

395 - 565 565

565 - 565 565

565 - 565 565

1977 - 1916 1976

847 - 847 847

9035 - 9035 9035

2823 - 2823 2823

4235 - 4235 4235

1129 - 1129 1129

2259 - 2259 2259

1694 - 1694 1694

Due Amounts assessed

Montants DC. fixes

- 3388

- 565

847 84_7

- - 4235

- 1126

- 6129

- 1694

- 2823

- 14111

- 565

- 1129

- 282

- 282

- 282

- 2259

- 1694

- 565

- 565

- 565

- 1976

- 841

- 9035

- 2823

- 4235 -- 1129

- 2259

- 1694

1954

Reoeived

Montante verses

3388

565

-4235

1047

6729

1694

2823

14117

5Q5

1129

282

282

282

2259

1694

-565

565

-841

9035

2823

-11~9

2259

1694

Due

Th1

--

847

-79

-

-

----

-

-

---

565

--

1976

---

4235

--

-

ft .&>0

..........

~ .&>0

1951 1952

Member Amounts Received Due Amounts Received assessed assessed

liembre Montants Montants Montants Montants fixes verses 00. fixes verses

I taly / !taUe 6019 6019 - 8470 8470

J apan r Japon - - - - -Lebanon / Liban 602 602 - 847 847

Luxemburg / Luxembourg - - - 79 79

Madagasoar / Madagasoar et dependanoes 602 602 - 847 847

Mexioo / Mexique 3009 3009 - 4235 4235

Mo~o~oo, French Protectorate 1204 1204 - 1694 1694 \~oo, protectorat fran9ais

Netherlands / Pays-Bas 1637 1637 - 5641 5647

Netherlands Antilles Antilles neerlandaises 82 82 - 282 282

Netherlands New Guinea 82 82 - 282 282 Nouvelle-Guinee neer1andaise

New Caledonia 201 201 - 282 282 Nouvelle-Caledonie

New Zealand / Nouve1le-Ze1ande ' 2408 2408 - 3388 3388

Norway / Norvege 2207 2201 - 3106 3106

Pakistan / Pakis~an 4013 4013 - 5647 5647 Paraguay / Paraguay 401 401 - 565 565 Peru / Perou 2006 2006 - 2823 2823

Philippines / Philippines 2408 2408 - 3388 3388

Poland / Pologne 2408 2408 - 3388 3388

Port~gal/ Portugal 3009 3009 - 4235 4235

Portuguese East Afrioa 1003 1003 - 1412 1412 Afrique Orientale Portugaise

Portuguese West Africa 602 602 - 847 847 Afrique Oocidentale Portu-gaise

Romania / Roumanie 1807 1807 - 2541 2541

Spain / Espagne 3611 3611 - 5082 5082

Spanish Territories of Guinea - - - - -

Territoires espagnols de Guinee

Surinam / Surinam 82 82 - 282 282

Sweden / Suede 4013 4013 - 5647 5647

1953

Due Amounts Received Due assessed

Montants Montants Dii fixes verses 00.

- 8470 . 8470 -- . 2797 2797 -- 847 847 -- 847 847 -

- 847 847 -- 4235 4235 -- 1694 1694 -- 5647 5647 -- 282 282 -- 282 282 -

- 282 282 -~ 3388 3388 -- 3106 3106 -- 5647 5641 -- 565 - 565

- . 2823 578.19 2244.81

- 3388 3388 -- 3388 3388 -- 4235 4235 -- 1412 1412 -- 847 841 -

- 2541 2541 -- 5082 5082 -

. - - - -

- 282 282 -- 5647 5641 -

-

Amounts assessed

Montants fixes

8470

9035

847

847

847

4235

1694

5647

282

282

282

3388

3106

5647

565

~ 2823

3388

3388

4235

1412

847

2541

5082

218

282

5647

1954

Reoeived Due

Montants verses Dd

. 8470 -9007 28

- 847

847 -

847 -4235 -

381 1313

5647 -282 -282 -

282 -3388 -3106 -5647 -- 565

- 2823

- 3388

3388 -4235 -1412 -

675 172

2541 -5082 -

218 -

- 282

5647 -

ft ~

"'"' 5 e ~

1951 1952

Member Amounts Received Due Amounts Received assessed assessed

Membre Montants Montante Montants Montants fixes verses Th1 . fixes verses

Switzerland', Suisse 4013 4013 - 5647 5641

Syria / Syri~ - - - 429 429

Territories of the Spanish Prot'scitorate of Morocco - - - - -

Territoires du protectorat sspagno1 du Maroc

Thailand / Thailande 1404 1404 - 1917 1917

Tunisia / Tunisie 602 602 -' 847 847

Turkey / Turquie 3009 3009 - 4235 4235

Ukrainian - S.S.R. 3411 3411 - 4800 4800 Ukraine - R.S.S.

Union of South Africa 4013 4013 - 5647 5647 Union Su&-Africaine I

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 13040 13040 - 18352 18352

Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d"'Ir1ande du Nord

United States of Amerioa 24075 24075 - 33881 33881 Etats-Unisd'Amerique

Uruguay / Uruguay 2006 2006 - 2823 710

Union of Soviet So.oia1ist Republios 9028 9028 - 12706 12106

Union des Republiques Sooia-listes Sovietiques

Venezuela / Venezuela 1605 1605 - 2259 2259

Yugoslavia / Yougoslavie 2006 2006 - 2823 2823

195,249 190,686 4,563 284,247 281,989

.-.~ .'

1953

Due Amounts Received Due assessed

Montants Montants Th1 fixes verses Dd

- 5647 5647 -- 1129 1129 -- - - -

- 1976 ·1976 -- 847 - 847

- 4235 4235 -- 4800 4800 -

- 5647 5647 -

- 18352 18352 -

- 3388+ 33881 -

2053 2823 - 2823

- 12706 12706 -

- 2259 2259 -- 2823. 2823 -

2,258 289,960 275,574.19 14,385.81

;1954

Amounts Received Due assessed . Monta.nts· Montants fixes verses :00

5647 '. 5647 -1129 670 459

436 407 29

1976 1976- -847 - 847

4235 4235 -4800 4890 -5647 5641 -

1835.2 18352 -

33881 33881 -2823 - 2823

12106 12706 -

2259 2259 -2823 2823 -

306,458 266,837 39,621

I

I I

I

§ ""'" '-..

I .j::o.

'ANNEX 5/ANNEXE 5

ADVANCES TO THE WORKING C8fIIAL FUNQ

BECEIVABLE fROM-.M,gMB.§E§_A§_AI 31st DEC~R 1954

(Amounts expressed in u.s. dollars)

.EIbLA!LaQ5~E-1954 p;S A~§...AY..£QNDS

QUillULEOOmIT_A REQ£YJllR Dg§_~EMBRES

(Montants exprimes en dollars des Etats-Unis)

1951 ~ 1954

107

- --------

Member / Membre

!-~ rg e nt i na / tl.rg e nt i ne .............. ~ ...... " ...... "_ ...... _ .. " .. ~ ....... , __ ._ ... ,,_ .. ".,, ... " .... ! ..... .

Austral,ia / Australie ... ":. .................. _ ............. _ .......................... _ ...................... .

Belgian Congo / Congo BeIge ........ ~ ..... " .... ..,_._ ............. ~_ ........ " .. " ... , ..... ..

Belgium / Belgique ._ .............. _ ............ " .. " ..... ~ ................ " .... __ ... " ......................... _

Bermuda / Bermudes ............... _ ....... " .. " ...... _ .... "'''w ................. " ... ~._ ... u .... _.; ............. ..

Bolivia / Boliv'ie ............................ _ .. __ .................................. " ........ " ............................... .

. Bra zil / Bres il ............... "._ .................. "" ................................ _ ............................................. ..

Bri tish Caribbean . Territories / ." ....................... N ..... "~ ...... ~ ......... ~ Territoires britanniques des Caraibes

British East African Territories and Indian Ocean Is lands / ............. _" ........ _ ........ _ ... ~ .............. _ ......... ' ..... _ .. M .......... ".

Territoires britanhiques de llAfrique orientales et des iles de l'Ocean Indien

British Malaya Borneo Territories / .......................... ~ .. M ... ..

Territoires britanniques de Ie Malaisie et de Borneo

Bri tish West African Territories / ............ : ..... "._ .................... . Territoires britanniques de l'Afrique occidentale

Bulgaria /. Bulgarie ... N ....................... "" .................. _ ................. " ...... _ ................ _ ......... .

Burma / Birmanie ...... _ .......... _ ..................... _ ........ _ .......................................................... _ ...

Byelorussian - S.S.R. / Bielorussie - R.S.S.

Canada / Canada ...................... " ..... ~._ ............. " .. _ ......... , ..... "' ........... , .......... _ ........................ ..

Cey Ion / Cey Ian ....... _ .................................................................. M ................................................ ..

China / Chine ............................................................... _ ........... ; ................ , ....................................... .

Amounts Received Due assessed

Montants Montants fixes verses

-----~.-.-

1833 845 988

1833 1833

735 735.

1469 1469

74 74

65 65

1833 988 845

101 101

586 586

660 660

586 586

376 376

512 512

660 660

1833 1833

495 357 138

1833 1833

loa ANNEX 5/ANNEXE 5

Member /' 'Membre

Cuba / Cuba , ... , ....... ''' ............ ~~ ..... ".'' ....... n ..... ''' ................. ; ............... " ..... _ ..... ~ ...... " .... "" ..... " ........... .'.:~

Czechos lovakia / Tchecos lovaquie ".» .... "_._ .......... _ ................ '

. Denmark / Danemark ................................................. " ....................... " ............ ,' ..... " .................. ,.

Dominican R7public / Repub1ique Dominicaine

Ecuador / Equateur ... " .................................. ~ ........... , ........ _, ... __ ... "." .......... " ....... _ ....... .

Egypt / Egypte .... _ ............................. _ ..... , .......... ,." .... " ....... __ .. _ ............... _ ............ """' .... ",,.

Ethiopia / Ethiopie .. ~ .................. "'._ ........................................................... " ............. " .... .

Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasa land / .......... _ ........... . Federation des Rhodesies et du Nyassa1and

Finland / Finlande ......................................................... : ......................................................... .

France / France ................. ~ ..... _ ............................. ~ .......... " .... ~ ........... " .... ,. ..... _ ............ ~ ........ .

French Cameroons / Cameroun .......................... " ... ~ ... _ ..... _ ........................ .

.French Equatorial Africa / ........................................... , ..................................... .. Afrique Equatoria1e Fran~aise

French Oceania / Etablissements ............. ~ .......................................... .. fran~ais de 1'Oceanie

French Somali1and / Cote frangaise ................................ ~ .......... .. des Somalis

French Togo land / Togo .. ~ ................................................................... " ................. " .... .

French west Africa / Afrique Occidentale ., .............. . FranC;aise

Federal Republic of Germany / ....................... " ........................................... . Republique federa1e d'Allemagne

'Greece / Grece .... : ................................ :.: .................................................................................... , .......... ..

Guatemala / Guatemala ............ _ ............................ __ .... _._ .. " .......... " .... _ ........ ..

Ha i ti I Hal ti .. __ ........ _ ..................... __ .. .,. ... H" ......... ~ ... _ ..... _ ... _" ... M ....... _ .. _._ ...... .

Hong K'ong I Hon9-Kong ..... " .... : ...... : ............... _ .. __ ........ _ ... ~_ .................. " .. ""._ ..

Hungary / Hongrie ............. _ ............................................ N .................................................. _ .... .

Ice 1 a nd / lsI and ........ ~ .... _ ... _'; .. U8 ••• _.' .... "H .. _ ...... " .. _"._,_ ... _ • ... , ....... , ... ' .... _ ..... ..

India / Inde ................ H •• " ..................................... _ ..... _ .............. ~ .. " ..... _ .................. " ........................... .

Indochina / Indochine ............................................................. " ....................................... ..

Indones ia / Indones ie .............................................................................. , ......................... .

1951 - 1954 ,-------------------Amounts Received Due

assessed

Montants Montants fixes '. verses

Du ,--_ ... _------

3.26

735

820

148

207

1102

79

441

735

366'3

148

293

74

74

74

586

471

441

108

134

148

512

219

2349

735

1102

207

735

820

148

207

1102

79

441

735

3663

148

293

74

74

74

586

471

441

68

134

148

374

219

2349

735'

805

119

40

138

297

'ANNEX 5/ANNEXE 5

Member /. Membre

Ira q / I ra k ................................ _ ........ " ...................... , ........... 4d." ....... ,.._.~ ... ___ ............ ~ .. _._~ •••

Ireland / Irlande ....... w ........................ " ......................... _._ .................. _ ................... "m ....... .

Is ra e 1 / Is ra e 1 ................ , ................................... " ........................ r ..................... _ ........................ .

Ita 1 Y / Ita 1 i e ............. _ .. _ ...... _ ..................... _ .... _ ....................................................................... ".

J a pan / J a po n .. -...... ~-." ...... h .. ~. ____ ••• t_ ..... _ .... __ ...... _ ... _ ........... " ..................................... .

Le ba no n / L iba n ............. ~ ...... _ ...... ~ .... ''' .... , .. n •• n'' •• _ ...... " ...... _ •• ~ ................................. " .. ~" ..

Luxembourg / Luxe1'l'lbOl.l1:'9 ........ ""l>I."' .............. h ............................. "' ............. _ ..... ..

Madagascar / Madagascar et dependances .. ,.~., ........ " ....... ,

Mexico / 1Vlexique ., ... w~._ ... _ ....... _.~ ............ ,_ .•.•. "._." .......... "" ... ,.,,_, .............. "' .... _." ..... _.

Morocco, French Protectora te /, ............ "" ....... " .. "_ .................. ,.~ .. _ .. . Maroc, protectorat frangais

Netherlands .j Pays-Bas ..... " ........ " ............ ~ ........ _ .... _ ........ " ............. _ ...... ,,_ ... ~ ...

Netherlands Antilles / ......................................................................... _ .................... . Antilles neerlandaises

Nether lands New Guinea / ............................................................... _ ........... _ ......... , .. Nouvelle-Guinee neerlandaise

New Caledonia / Nouvelle Caledonie ............................................ .

New Zealand / Nouvelle-Zelande ., ................................... _ ............ " ..... .

No rwa y / No rv eg e ............... _ .. __ ... _ .............. _ .... ~ .... _ .. _ ........ _ ............ " ................. '" " .... ..

Pakistan I Pakistan ................................................... M ................ _ ..................................... .

Paraguay / Paraguay ............................................ _ ........... _._ ............................. _ ............... .

Peru / P e ro u ........................................ ~ .......................... ~ .......... ~ ... ~ ........ _ .......................................... ..

Philippines / Philippines .................... : ...................... : ...... _ ............................ .

Po la nd / Po log ne .. ~-" .......... , .................. ''' .......... ~' ......... M_ ........ ,.._._ ....... _ ......... "'~ ...... _ ..

Portuga 1 / Pottuga 1 ...... "., ................ ~ .............. _ ........ ___ ... _ ................... ~ ............ 'M" ... ..

Portuguese East. Africa / ....... ~ ............................................................................ ~ .. . Afrique Orientale Portugaise

Portuguese West Africa / ............... _.., ....... , ...... ,,,_._ ........ ,, .............................. .. Afrique Occidentale Portugaise

Romania / Roumanie ................................................................................................................ .

Spain / Espagne .......................... , ..................... ~ .......................................................................... ..

109

1951- 1954

Amounts Received Due assessed

Montants Montants fixes· verses

293 293

586 586

441 441

2200 2200

829 829

219 160

124 124

219 219

1102 1102

441 441

1303 1303

66 66

66 66

74 74

880 880

805 8'05

1469 1469

148 68

735 537

880 880

. 880 880

1102 1102

367 . 367

219 219

660 660

1321 1321

Du

59

80

198

110 ANNEX 5/ANNEXE 5

Member / Membre

Spanish Territories of Guinea / .. " ................ _ ......... .... "." ................. _. Territoires espagno1s de Guinee

Surinam / Surinam ... " ........ _ ........ _ .............................. _ .................. __ .................... : .................. ..

Sweden / Suede ........................................... " .. ................................... ................. .. ............. ......................... .

Switzer land / Suisse ........... ........... , ................................................................... .... _ ............. ..

S'lrio. . / Syri.e .......... ............ .......................... " ........ .................. ......................... _ .................. ............ _ .. ... "

Territories of the Spanish Protectorate of Mo ro c c 0 / ................ __ ....................... - ....... ........ .... " ............ ............................. _ ............................ ..

Territoires du protectorat espagno1 du Maroc

Thailand / Tha"i1ande .................. ................. ............................................... ........... ............ ..

Tun i s i a / Tun is i e .................................................... .............. _ ....................... ................. ... : .... ... ..

Turkey / Turquie ................... ........... _ ... ........... _ ........ _ .... _ ...... ... ~ ........ _ ..... _ ........ _ ....... ..

Ukra inian - S.S .R. / Ukraine - R.S.S ....... ..... ~ ... .................... .

Union of South Africa / Union Sud-Africaine _

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland / .................. ..... ; ....................................... " ............................... _ ...... .. Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord

United States of America / .......... ..................... " .. ~ ..................... ~._ ............ ~ ...... . Etats-Unis d'Amerique

Urugua y / Urugua y ...................... ........ ............ .......... ..... .................................. ..... _ ........................... ..

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics / ....... _ .. ..... ........... .... . Union des Republiques Sovietiques Socia1istes

Venezuela / Venezuela ..... ............... ................................... _ ...................... ... " ................. ..

Yugos lavia / Yougos lavie ............ ............ __ .................... _ ........ _._ .... ........... __ ..

~

Amounts assessed

Montants fixes

15

66

1469

1469

188

30

512

219

1102

1247

1469

4768

8801

735

3302

586

735

75,350 ------------

1951 - 1954

¢

Received

Montants verses

15

46

1469

1469

188

30

512

101

1102

1247 '

1469

4768

8801

'339

3302

586

735 ---7i,914 ==:::~~=

Due

DO

20

118

396

¢ 3,436 . -----