and High-pressure Spray Polyurethane Foam Systems

Abridged Alternatives Analysis Report on Two-component Low- and High-pressure Spray Polyurethane Foam Systems Containing Unreacted Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Prepared for American Chemistry Council Center for the Polyurethanes Industry Spray Foam Coalition 700 2nd Street NE Washington, DC 20002 May 1, 2020

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Table of Contents

Page Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ ES-1

1 Preparer Information ....................................................................................................... 1

2 Responsible Entity and Supply Chain Information ............................................................ 7

3 Priority Products Information .......................................................................................... 8

3.1 Priority Products Made by Responsible Entities Participating in this Alternatives Analysis Report .................................................................................................... 8

3.2 Chemical(s) of Concern for the Priority Products .................................................. 8

3.3 Function of the Priority Products.......................................................................... 9

3.4 Key Performance Requirements for the Priority Products .................................. 14

3.5 Information on SPF Product Grouping ................................................................ 15

3.6 Legal Requirements, Standards, and Voluntary Programs Relevant to the Priority Products............................................................................................................. 16

3.7 Role of the Chemical of Concern in the Priority Products ................................... 20

3.8 Necessity of the Chemical of Concern or Replacement Chemicals in the Priority Products............................................................................................................. 20

4 Scoping, Identifying Possible Alternatives, and Relevant Factors ................................... 21

4.1 Philosophy Concerning Stage 1 of an AA ............................................................ 21

4.2 Optional Relevant Factors Included in Stage 1 of the AA .................................... 21

4.3 Scoping: Alternatives Outside the Scope of This Abridged AA Report ................ 21

4.3.1 Scope of the Definition of the Priority Product ....................................... 22

4.3.2 Responsible Entities' Position on Potential Alternatives that Are Also Priority Products ..................................................................................... 22

4.3.3 Other Insulation Products that Are Out of Scope .................................... 23

4.3.3.1 Fiberglass.................................................................................. 23

4.3.3.2 Mineral Wool ............................................................................ 24

4.3.3.3 Cellulose ................................................................................... 24

4.3.3.4 Natural Fibers ........................................................................... 24

4.3.3.5 Polystyrene ............................................................................... 24

4.3.3.6 Cementitious Foam................................................................... 25

4.3.3.7 Polyisocyanurate ...................................................................... 25

4.4 Potential Alternatives......................................................................................... 25

4.4.1 Non-MDI-based Formulations ................................................................ 26

4.4.1.1 Firestone/Gaco CanaryTM ....................................... 27

4.4.1.2 NanoSonic HybridSilTM ............................................ 28

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4.4.1.3 Hybrid Coatings Technology/Nanotech Industries Green PolyurethaneTM ............................................ 28

4.4.1.4 Owens Corning Formulation ................................... 29

4.4.1.5 DuPont Formulations ............................................. 31

4.4.1.6 Dow Formulation ................................................... 33

4.4.2 Lower MDI Exposure Approaches ........................................................... 34

4.4.2.1 Firestone/Gaco Profill SystemTM ............................. 34

4.4.2.2 High Volume Low Pressure (HVLP) Systems ............ 37

4.4.2.3 BASF Patents .......................................................... 37

4.4.3 Conclusions Regarding Possible Alternative Formulations and Lower MDI Exposure Approaches ............................................................................. 39

4.5 Relevant Factors ................................................................................................ 44

4.6 Relevant Exposure Pathways .............................................................................. 44

4.6.1 Conceptual Model for Product Life Cycle ................................................ 44

4.7 Life Cycle Segments............................................................................................ 47

4.7.1 Raw Materials Extraction ........................................................................ 47

4.7.2 Resource Inputs and Other Resource Consumption ................................ 48

4.7.3 Intermediate Materials Processes........................................................... 48

4.7.4 Manufacture .......................................................................................... 48

4.7.5 Packaging ............................................................................................... 48

4.7.6 Transportation/Distribution.................................................................... 49

4.7.7 Use/Application ...................................................................................... 49

4.7.8 Operation and Maintenance ................................................................... 49

4.7.9 Waste Generation and Management ...................................................... 49

4.7.10 Reuse and Recycling ............................................................................... 50

4.7.11 End-of-life Disposal ................................................................................. 50

5 Comparison of Alternatives ........................................................................................... 65

5.1 Hazard ............................................................................................................... 65

5.2 Performance ...................................................................................................... 73

5.3 Relative Exposure Potential ................................................................................ 74

5.4 Cost.................................................................................................................... 75

6 Conclusions of This Abridged AA .................................................................................... 76

6.1 Potential Alternatives to Priority Products ......................................................... 76

6.2 Decision Concerning an Abridged AA or Stage 2 AA............................................ 76

7 Potential Regulatory Responses ..................................................................................... 77

7.1 Product Information for Consumers ................................................................... 77

7.2 Proposed Potential Research and Development Plan ......................................... 78

7.3 Applicability to Possible Future Products Based on Similar Chemistry ................ 78

8 Uncertainty Analysis ...................................................................................................... 79

9 References..................................................................................................................... 80

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Appendix A Safety Data Sheets for Priority Products Produced by the Responsible Entity Submitting This Abridged AA Report

Appendix A1 Claimed CBI Safety Data Sheet Information (If Required) Appendix A2 Safety Data Sheets for Priority Products Not Currently for Sale in California

but Expected to Be in the Future (If Applicable) Appendix B Confidential Supply Chain Information on Existing Priority Products

(Confidential Business Information) Appendix C Product Grouping Information on Existing Priority Products Appendix D Pharos Hazard Results and GreenScreen® Hazard Interpretation Guide Appendix E Certification and Signature (If Not Provided on CalSAFER)

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List of Tables

Table 3.1 Manufacturers of Low- and High-pressure Two-component SPF Products Containing

Unreacted MDI Currently for Sale in California

Table 3.2 Manufacturers of Certain Low- and High-pressure Two-component SPF Products Containing Unreacted MDI That Will Potentially Be for Sale in California in the Future

Table 3.3 Grouping of Priority Products by Product Type

Table 3.4 Physical Properties of Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation by Application According to AC 377

Table 4.1 Exposure Information on Firestone/Gaco Priority Product, Profill SystemTM, Compared to Generic Low-density High-pressure SPF

Table 4.2 Summary of Analysis of Alternative Formulations and Lower MDI Exposure Approaches

Table 4.3 Consideration of Potentially Relevant Factors Identified in the SCP Regulations

Table 4.4 Life Cycle Elements Considered in Evaluating Potential Exposures

Table 5.1 Comparison of A- and B-side Components for Priority Products (Generic Formulae) and Identified Alternatives

Table 5.2 Data for Relevant Factors – Ingredient-specific Hazards (Primarily from Pharos and ECHA)

Table 5.3 Ingredient-specific Hazards According to ECHA

Table 5.4 Data for Relevant Factors – Ingredient-specific Exposure Information

List of Figures

Figure 3.1 Generic Structure of pMDI

Figure 4.1 Conceptual Exposure Model

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Abbreviations

4,4'-MDI 4,4'-Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate AA Alternatives Analysis ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials BPA Bisphenol A CAA Clean Air Act CalDTSC California Department of Toxic Substances Control CalOSHA California Division of Occupational Safety and Health CARB California Air Resources Board CAS No. Chemical Abstracts Service Registration Number CBC California Building Code CBES California Building Efficiency Standard CBI Confidential Business Information CCR California Code of Regulations CHDA 1,3- and 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxaldehyde cP Centipoise CPI Center for the Polyurethanes Industry CPSC Consumer Product Safety Commission CRC California Residential Code ECHA European Chemicals Agency GHS Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals GPC Global Product Classification HDI Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate HFC Hydrofluorocarbon HFO Hydrofluoroolefin Hg Mercury HNIPU Hybrid Non-isocyanate Polyurethane HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank HVLP High Volume Low Pressure IAPMO International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials IBC International Building Code ICC International Code Council ICC-ES ICC Evaluation Service IECC International Energy Conservation Code IMAP Inventory Multi-tiered Assessment and Prioritisation IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Kow Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient LCA Life Cycle Assessment MDI Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate MXDA Meta Xylene Diamine NFPA National Fire Protection Association OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PHT4 Tetrabromophthalate

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pMDI Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate PPE Personal Protective Equipment RE Responsible Entity ppm Parts Per Million ppb Parts Per Billion R&D Research and Development RBC Residential Building Code REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals RE Responsible Entity SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District SCP Safer Consumer Products SDS Safety Data Sheet SFC Spray Foam Coalition SFS Spray Foam Systems SPF Spray Polyurethane Foam SPFA Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance SPI Specialty Products, Inc. TBPD Tetrabromophthalate Diol TCPP Tris(2-chloropropylphosphate) TDI Toluene Diisocyanate TEP Triethyl Phosphate TLV Threshold Limit Value TMG N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylguanidine US DOT United States Department of Transportation US EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency VOC Volatile Organic Compound

ES-1


Executive Summary

This Abridged Alternatives Analysis (AA) report was prepared on behalf of each of the responsible entities

(REs) participating in the American Chemistry Council's Spray Foam Coalition (SFC). A current list of

SFC members is included in Section 1 of this report. The REs participating in the SFC represent a majority of the manufacturers (i.e., systems houses) of two-component spray polyurethane foam (SPF) systems

containing unreacted methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) (organized into four groups, which are

referred to herein as the Priority Products). It is worth noting that the REs do not use MDI as a discrete chemical. The MDI used in SPF formulations is polymeric MDI (pMDI), which contains a mixture of

different molecular weight MDI monomers and oligomers.

This Abridged AA report was prepared based on publicly available information about the Priority Products

and potential alternatives. This report sought to determine whether there are viable candidate alternative

chemistries or alternative product designs or applications that might lower exposure to MDI from the

Priority Products. Our analysis indicates that there are no viable alternatives to the Priority Products with sufficient data and that meet the regulatory definition of an alternative to support an accurate AA according

to the California Safer Consumer Products (SCP) regulations (CalDTSC, 2013) requirements. Moreover,

none of the non-MDI-based alternative formulations are currently commercially available, and data on the final formulation and performance of these alternatives that would be needed to support a definitive AA are

lacking. Thus, due to the lack of available alternatives with data sufficient to support an AA, an Abridged

AA report is the appropriate outcome.

As required by the SCP regulations, the following is a summary of information contained in each section

of the report.

Section 1 identifies the persons who oversaw preparation of this report.

Section 2 identifies the REs submitting this report and addresses how they will be submitting

supply chain information as a separate confidential business information (CBI) submittal.

Section 3 identifies the Priority Products (low- and high-pressure two-component spray foam

products containing unreacted MDI) and the chemical of concern (MDI present as pMDI in the

product). Tables listing the manufacturers and their respective Priority Products currently and soon

to be for sale in California are also included. Section 3 outlines a streamlined grouping approach for the Priority Products, because assessing all 170+ products would be overly complicated and

lead to difficulties in understanding comparisons. This section also identifies the function of the

chemical in the Priority Products (rapid reaction with a polyol ingredient to produce a polyurethane foam that expands to serve as insulation, roofing materials, and sealants). Section 3 also discusses

the performance requirements of the Priority Products and identifies the tests that are conducted to

evaluate performance. Key performance criteria include thermal resistance, flame spread index, smoke-developed index, core density, tensile strength, dimensional stability, and compressive

strength. These performance criteria are mandated by building codes, and the Priority Products

and any alternative(s) must be certified to meet the requirements specified in these codes. This

section also summarizes other regulatory requirements to which the Priority Product(s) and any alternatives would be subject, including California regulations related to volatile organic compound

(VOC) emissions and greenhouse gas emissions. Section 3 concludes with a discussion of how a

two-component SPF product formulated without unreacted MDI, pMDI, or an equivalently effective replacement would not be functional. Thus, simply removing the chemical of concern

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from the Priority Products' formulations without replacing it with a different ingredient is not an

option.

Section 4 begins with a discussion of the REs' approach to performing the Abridged AA. Next is

a scoping discussion that describes technologies the REs believe fall outside the scope of the

Abridged AA. It is the REs' position that insulation products such as fiberglass, mineral wool,

cellulose, natural fibers, polystyrene, cementitious foam, and polyisocyanurate are outside the scope of the evaluation, because they are not polyurethane-based, sprayable insulation, do not

replicate all of the functions of SPF, involve a completely different product chemistry, and are

outside the business model of REs that do not make such products. Based on the definition of the SPF systems containing unreacted MDI (22 CCR § 69511.2), the REs conclude that any alternative

to the Priority Products must be a polyurethane chemistry that does not contain unreacted MDI.

Section 4 next discusses how Internet and patent searches as well as RE interviews were carried out to identify such products. Through this process, several candidate alternative formulations were

identified that use alternative chemistries in lieu of the chemical of concern. Limited data were

identified for the alternative formulations since these come from patents only (i.e., they are not

commercialized), and discuss formulations in generic or exemplary form, making it difficult to judge the actual hazard, exposure potential, or performance of a product that might be marketed.

Through the alternatives search, several potential alternative approaches for product application

were also identified that involve different ways to apply the current generic SPF formulation (i.e., polyols and pMDI). These products or patents involve minimizing exposure to unreacted MDI via

equipment modifications. However, it is the REs' position that these approaches or patented

concepts are not alternatives, because they are themselves Priority Products containing unreacted MDI and because low-pressure SPF (the same technology some of the alternative approaches

employ) was included in the Priority Product designation. Moreover, the REs had previously

discussed the possibility of using engineering controls in lieu of the AA, a position that the

California Department of Toxic Substances Control (CalDTSC) rejected. Overall, the REs' search for possible alternatives found that there were no alternatives that could be reliably evaluated as

substitutes for the Priority Products via a Stage 2 AA. However, to comply with CalDTSC's

regulations, we evaluated these formulations and approaches for relevant factors, hazard, exposure potential, performance, and cost using the limited information available.

Section 4 concludes with a discussion of factors that were considered to be relevant to this AA. It

includes a discussion of a conceptual exposure model that shows how individuals and

environmental targets may be exposed to unreacted pMDI in the Priority Product(s). It also describes what is known regarding the relevance of each life cycle aspect noted in the SCP

regulations to the evaluation of the different alternatives. The review suggests that there would not

be any significant differences between the Priority Product(s) and the alternatives, with the possible exception of the use/operation phase, in which some lower-exposure approaches could reduce

pMDI exposures. However, as noted above, these alternative approaches are also themselves

Priority Products and therefore not viable alternatives. Most importantly, it must be emphasized that data for some alternatives (i.e., those patented but not commercialized) are very limited. While

there may be differences in reported health effects among products considered, the formulations in

the patents are exemplary only and not final products. Data on the health effects of many of the

chemicals involved in these alternative formulations are not readily available (as they are for MDI/pMDI), so while there may potentially be relevant differences, a robust analysis is not possible

to reach a definitive answer.

Section 5 begins with a review of health hazard information. We first review the A- and B-side ingredients of the generic Priority Product formula and that of the alternative formulations and

approaches. From this, we conclude that all of the alternatives have essentially similar chemistries

(i.e., involving highly reactive chemicals). Notably, the alternatives are all organic and contain

ES-3


flame retardants, they all contain catalysts of some sort (typically amine catalysts), as well as

blowing agents and surfactants. Thus, any potential hazards from these B-side components would be expected to be similar across the identified alternatives. Because the listing is based on the A-

side of the Priority Products (i.e., unreacted MDI/pMDI), A-side ingredients are the focus of the

rest of this section. Next, we compare the A-side ingredients using two primary data sources:

Pharos and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) dossiers, supplemented with additional sources when necessary. Based on this review, we found that the available data suggest there are

no alternative formulation that is conclusively preferable to the Priority Products in terms of

chemical hazard. However, a number of data gaps would need to be filled in order to reach more definitive conclusions.

It is also important to stress that while ingredient-specific hazards are presented in this section,

ingredient-specific hazards may not reflect the hazards of the actual final product when fully reacted and installed. For example, MDI is a dermal sensitizer; however, polyurethane (i.e., the

reacted and cured foam) is not a dermal sensitizer, even though it was made with MDI.

Furthermore, even product-level hazards do not automatically result in health risk without

exposure. So, it is important to note when reviewing chemical hazard data on product ingredients that the indication of a high hazard does not necessarily equate to an actual health risk for the

product. Risk and hazard are different concepts.

Section 5 next discusses product performance. It was not possible to evaluate performance parameters between the Priority Products and most of the potential alternatives because a complete

set of necessary performance information was lacking for each alternative formulation (and some

had no information at all). Two of the alternative approach products may meet the minimum performance requirements for SPF products, but they are Priority Products and thus not viable

alternatives.

Section 5 continues with a review of relative exposure information. We gathered chemical-specific

physicochemical data for all the A-side ingredients of the alternative formulations, as suggested in CalDTSC's "Alternatives Analysis Guide" (CalDTSC, 2017a). Although some data on chemical

composition are available from the alternative formulation patents, which allows some comparison

of these alternatives' relative exposure potentials, there is substantial uncertainty, because other additional (or fewer) chemicals could be present in a final commercial formulation of these

alternatives. Overall, the exposure potentials of the MDI replacement ingredients in certain

example formulations appear to be slightly better than that of the Priority Products. However, it

would be preferable to compare the product-level exposure data, because the ingredients will react and exposure during use of the product may not be predicted by the properties of individual

ingredients. Unfortunately, no product-level exposure information is available at this time for the

alternative formulations.

Section 5 concludes with a discussion of product cost. We could not evaluate costs between the

Priority Products and most of the potential alternatives, because most of the potential alternatives

are not commercially available. Two of the alternative approach products are commercially available and their costs are not markedly different than the Priority Product(s). However, as noted

above, the REs do not consider these products, which fall under the Priority Product listing, to be

viable alternatives.

Section 6 presents the conclusions of the Abridged AA. As noted above, our analysis indicates that there are no alternatives to the Priority Products with sufficient data to support an accurate AA

according to the SCP program requirements. Moreover, none of the non-MDI-based alternative

formulations are currently commercially available, and data on final formulation and performance of these alternatives that would be needed to support a definitive AA are lacking. Due to the lack

ES-4


of available alternatives with data sufficient to support an AA, an Abridged AA report is the

appropriate outcome.

Section 7 discusses proposed regulatory responses given that no suitable alternatives were

identified. It also notes that the low-pressure SPF products are sold via retail outlets and that

requirements are already in place to communicate necessary information to purchasers. It also

includes a proposal from the REs to engage in a research program as required by the SCP regulations.

Section 8 discusses uncertainties encountered in carrying out the work and the potential

implications these may have for the results.

Section 9 presents the report references.

Appendices are provided for the report, which provide some of the supporting data.

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1 Preparer Information

Responsible Entities (REs) Information:

First Name Jon

Last Name Purcell

Company Carlisle Spray Foam Insulation (formerly Accella Polyurethane Systems)

Business Type Manufacturer

Email [email protected]

Phone 314-764-2814

Website https://www.carlislesfi.com

Address 2500 Adie Road, Maryland Heights, MO 63043

First Name Peter

Last Name Bartell Company A&B Filling Inc.



Phone 262-754-8060

Website

Address 5500 S. Westridge Dr. New Berlin, WI 53151

First Name Megan

Last Name Szyndler

Company BASF Corporation



Phone 734 324-2671

Website www.spf.basf.com

Address BASF Corporation, 1703 Crosspoint Avenue, Houston, TX 77054

First Name Neema

Last Name Toolaabee

Company DAP Products Inc.



Phone 410-779-2338

Website www.dap.com

Address 2400 Boston Street, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.spf.basf.com/

2


First Name Doug

Last Name Brady

Company Demilec1



Phone 817-640-4900

Website www.demilec.com

Address 3315 East Division Street, Arlington, TX 76011 Note: (1) Icynene-Lapolla and Demilec are now part of the Huntsman group of companies. However, they asked to be listed separately for the purpose of this Abridged AA.

First Name Lisa

Last Name Massaro Company DuPont



Phone 989-638-4248

Website www.dupont.com

Address Performance Building Solutions, 1501 Larkin Center Drive, 200 Building, Midland, MI 48640

First Name Nilo

Last Name Noxon

Company Firestone Building Products



Phone 262-832-0748 Website www.firestonebpco.com

Address 1245 Chapman Drive, Waukesha, WI 53186

First Name Don

Last Name Schumacher

Company Foam Supplies, Inc.



Phone 314-344-3330

Website www.foamsupplies.com

Address 4387 North Rider Trail, Earth City, MO 63045

First Name Eric

Last Name Montie

Company General Coatings Manufacturing Corp.



Phone 559-495-4004

Website https://www.generalcoatings.net

Address 1220 East North Avenue, Fresno, CA 93725

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First Name Whitney

Last Name Randall

Company Henry Company LLC



Phone 484-557-1247

Website www.henry.com

Address 999 North Pacific Coast Highway, Suite 800, El Segundo, CA 90245

First Name Sandy

Last Name Gump

Company ICP Adhesives & Sealants



Phone 330-753-4585

Website www.handifoam.com

Address 2775 Barber Road, Norton, OH 44203

First Name Steve

Last Name Williams

Company Icynene-Lapolla1



Phone 281-219-4100 Website www.icynene.com or www.lapolla.com

Address 15402 Vintage Parkway East, Suite 322, Houston, TX 77032 Note: (1) Icynene-Lapolla and Demilec are now part of the Huntsman group of companies. However, they asked to be listed separately for the purpose of this Abridged AA.

First Name Kathryn

Last Name Miks

Company Johns Manville



Phone 303-978-2000

Website www.jm.com

Address 717 17th Street, Denver, CO 80202

First Name Jason

Last Name Hoerter

Company Barnhardt Manufacturing Company dba NCFI® Polyurethanes



Phone 800-346-8229

Website www.ncfi.net Address 71515 Carter Street, Mount Airy, NC 27030

http://www.henry.com/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.jm.com/

http://www.ncfi.net/

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First Name Jose

Last Name Luna

Company SES Foam LLC



Phone 713-239-0252

Website www.sesfoam.com or www.sucraseal.com

Address 4008 Louetta Road #538, Spring, TX 77388

First Name Paul

Last Name Warren

Company SWD Urethanes



Phone 800-828-1394

Website www.swdurethane.com

Address 540 South Drew Street, Mesa, AZ 85210

First Name Nelson

Last Name Medina

Company Rhino Linings Corporation



Phone 858-410-6007 Website www.rhinolinings.com

Address 9747 Business Park, San Diego CA 92131

Other Involved Parties:

First Name Stephen

Last Name Wieroniey Organization American Chemistry Council

Involvement Coordinating the AA effort

First Name Tom

Last Name Lewandowski

Organization Gradient

Involvement Preparing Abridged AA report

First Name Jiaru

Last Name Zhang

Organization Gradient

Involvement Preparing Abridged AA report

This AA was funded by the American Chemistry Council's Spray Foam Coalition (SFC). SFC member companies are as follows.*

1. A&B Filling Inc./RHH Foam Systems

2. Albemarle**

http://www.sesfoam.com/

http://www.sucraseal.com/

http://www.swdurethane.com/

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3. Arkema**

4. BASF

5. Carlisle Spray Foam Insulation (formerly Accella Polyurethane Systems)

6. Chemours**

7. COIM USA, Inc.**

8. Covestro**

9. Creative Polymer Solutions

10. DAP Products Inc.

11. Demilec, part of the Huntsman group of companies

12. DuPont, Performance Building Solutions (formerly Dow Building Solutions)

13. Evonik Corporation**

14. Firestone

15. Foam Supplies, Inc.

16. General Coatings

17. Graco, Inc.**

18. Henry Company

19. Honeywell**

20. ICL-IP**

21. ICP Adhesives and Sealants

22. Icynene-Lapolla, part of the Huntsman group of companies

23. Johns Manville

24. NCFI Polyurethanes

25. Rhino Linings Corporation

26. SES Foam

27. Stepan**

28. SWD Urethane

29. Wanhua Chemical (America) Co., LTD**

*Solvay Fluorides is no longer a member as of 2020; however, they were a member in 2019. **Associate Members (suppliers to the SPF industry).

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Certification and Signatures

Certification of the Abridged AA Report is included in Appendix E or will be done via online signature via the CalSAFER website during AA submission.

7


2 Responsible Entity and Supply Chain Information

Manufacturer(s), Importers, and Consortium Participants:

Please see information under responsible entities (REs) in Section 1.

Manufacturer(s), Importer(s), and /or Distributor(s) Listed on the Priority Products' Labels:

These data are regarded as confidential business information (CBI) for each consortium participant. A

separate Appendix B will be submitted by each consortium participant and marked as CBI. Information

will contain manufacturers', importers', and /or distributors' first and last name, company, email, phone, website, and address.

Purchasers of Priority Products: These data are regarded as CBI for each consortium participant. A separate Appendix B will be submitted

by each consortium participant and marked as CBI. Information will contain purchasers' first and last name,

company, email, phone, website, and address.

Manufacturer(s) and/or Importer(s) Retail Sales Outlets:

Not applicable. The manufacturers of the Priority Products do not have their own retail sales outlets. Some

spray polyurethane foam (SPF) products (low-pressure SPF) are sold via third-party retailers, and other SPF products are restricted for use by commercial applicators who purchase these products directly from

the manufacturer or through distribution.

8


3 Priority Products Information

3.1 Priority Products Made by Responsible Entities Participating in this Alternatives Analysis Report

This RE consortium comprises systems houses1 of low- and high-pressure two-component SPF products

containing unreacted methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) that intend to continue selling the Priority Products in California. Note that MDI is not used as a discrete chemical in the Priority Products. The

Priority Products listed on each RE's Priority Product Notifications are shown in Table 3.1. Product safety

data sheets (SDSs) for each of these products are provided in Appendix A and will be submitted individually by each RE. Appendix A will include any non-CBI SDSs, if any, or a statement that all of an RE's SDSs

are being claimed as CBI. Some REs will submit Appendix A1, which will be an addendum to Appendix A

containing SDSs that are considered CBI (e.g., private label products that involve disclosing confidential

sales relationships). These SDSs are considered CBI to protect the business relationship.

In addition, some REs wish to include certain products in this AA that were not sold in California at the

time of the Priority Product listing became effective, but may be sold in California in the future as part of expected product development (see Table 3.2). Gradient reviewed these product SDSs and they would fit

the criteria for Priority Products (i.e., contains unreacted MDI, two-component) if they were sold in

California. Their respective SDSs are included in a second addendum to Appendix A – Appendix A2.

3.2 Chemical(s) of Concern for the Priority Products

The chemicals of concern for the Priority Products are 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI),

Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number (CAS No.) 101-68-8, and generic methylene diphenyl

diisocyanate, mixed isomers, CAS No. 26447-40-5 (CalDTSC, 2014). According to the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (CalDTSC) Revised Priority Products Profile, products using

other diisocyanates, such as toluene diisocyanates (TDIs) and hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI), as

well as one-component SPF systems typically sold in cans are not included in the scope of this Abridged

AA (CalDTSC, 2014).

SPF products are not formulated with 4,4'-MDI or generic methylene diphenyl diisocyanates, mixed

isomers as discrete chemical ingredients. Rather, SPF products use polymeric MDI (pMDI; CAS No. 9016-87-9), which is produced, marketed, and formulated into SPF products as a technical mixture of monomeric

and oligomeric MDI constituents, including 4,4'-MDI. The use of pMDI inherently reduces the potential

for exposure to MDI. The generic structure below is often used to represent the composition of pMDI

(Figure 3.1).

1 The term "systems houses" is used to designate the manufacturers that supply the formulated A-side and B-side of the SPF to applicators. Systems houses can be distinguished from the chemical suppliers that provide the pMDI, polyols, and other chemicals to the systems houses.

9


Figure 3.1 Generic Structure of pMDI

3.3 Function of the Priority Products

The Priority Products can serve as an all-in-one thermal and acoustic insulation, an air barrier, a vapor retarder, and, in some cases, a moisture barrier for commercial and residential walls, basements, and roofs

(SFC, 2019a). There are three types of two-component high-pressure SPF products: open-cell 0.5-lb/ft3

and closed-cell 2- and 3-lb/ft3 SPF,2 which should each be considered a separate product. Closed-cell SPFs provide more resistance to heat transfer (i.e., higher R-values), better moisture resistance and better

structural support compared to open-cell SPFs, whereas open-cell SPFs have greater flexibility and are

better acoustic insulators. In addition to these properties, SPF also helps increase building strength and

prevents the entry of pollen, dust, and insects into the building where it is applied (SFC, 2019a,b).

Table 3.1 Manufacturers of Low- and High-pressure Two-component SPF Products Containing Unreacted MDI Currently for Sale in California

Manufacturer Name Product Name

Accella Polyurethane Systems1 FOAMSULATE 220 SERIES

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE 210 SERIES

Accella Polyurethane Systems Foamsulate 50 NIB

Accella Polyurethane Systems BAYSEAL OC

Accella Polyurethane Systems BAYSEAL OC X

Accella Polyurethane Systems BAYSEAL CC X

Accella Polyurethane Systems BAYSEAL 2.7 Series2

Accella Polyurethane Systems BAYSEAL 3.0 Series

Accella Polyurethane Systems QuadForm NatureSeal OCX

Accella Polyurethane Systems PREMISEAL 3053 Accella Polyurethane Systems PREMISEAL 3504

Accella Polyurethane Systems Bayseal OC HY

Accella Polyurethane Systems QuadFoam 2.0

Accella Polyurethane Systems QuadFoam 500

Accella Polyurethane Systems Premipour 202M

Accella Polyurethane Systems PREMISEAL 40 SERIES









2 The densities given are approximate. For example, 2-lb foam can have a measured density ranging from 1.75-2.5 lbs. In addition, the 3-lb foam category includes certain specialty applications (e.g., chicken coop insulation) that may have higher densities (e.g., up to 10 lb/ft3).

NCOOCN NCO

n = 0, 1, 2, 3...

10



Accella Polyurethane Systems PREMIR+ 60 SERIES

Accella Polyurethane Systems PREMIR+ 40 SERIES

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE CLOSED CELL SERIES

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE HFO SERIES

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE 50 HY

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE 50

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE OCX

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE 70

Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO CLOSED CELL SERIES

Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO HIGH YIELD

Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO NO MIX

Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO NO TRIM

Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO OCX Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO ONE ZERO

Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO OPEN CELL

A&B Filling Inc. Brand A Product 1

A&B Filling Inc. Brand B Product 2

A&B Filling Inc. Brand C Product 3

A&B Filling Inc. Brand D Product 4

BASF Corp. Elastospray 81255



BASF Corp. Elastospray 8000A5

BASF Corp. ENERTITE G

BASF Corp. ENERTITE NM

BASF Corp. FE 348-2.5



BASF Corp. SKYTITE 2.5

BASF Corp. SKYTITE 2.8

BASF Corp. SKYTITE 3.0 BASF Corp. SPRAYTITE 158

BASF Corp. SPRAYTITE 178



BASF Corp. SPRAYTITE SP

BASF Corp. WALLTITE US

BASF Corp. WALLTITE HP+

BASF Corp. BASF CBI - #1











11










DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal Fire-Rated 1.75 PCF Slow Rise Polyurethane Foam Sealant

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal 1.75 PCF ICC Closed Cell Polyurethane Foam Sealant

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal 2.0 PCF Fire-Rated Polyurethane Foam Sealant DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal 3.0 PCF High Density Closed Cell Polyurethane Foam

Sealant

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal Mine Foam Sealant

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Foam Professional Fire-Rated 1.75 PCF CCMC Closed Cell Polyurethane Foam Sealant

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Foam Fire-Rated 1.75 PCF Closed Cell ICC Polyurethane Foam Sealant

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal Fire-Rated Low Density 1.0 PCF Open Cell Polyurethane Foam Sealant

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal 1.75 PCF Fire Rated PCF CCMC Closed Cell Polyurethane Foam Sealant

Demilec Agribalance

Demilec Demilec APX

Demilec Heatlok HFO High Lift

Demilec Heatlok HFO Pro

Demilec Heatlok Soy 200+

Demilec Heatlok XT

Demilec Sealection 500

DuPont6 FrothPak™ Sealant and Insulation

DuPont FrothPak™ Ultra Insulation

DuPont Styrofoam™ Dow 3019 with CM2045

Firestone F1800 – GacoTrenchFoam – Polyol Component B

Firestone F-CF2030 – GacoPourFoam CF2030 – Polyol Component B

Firestone FB28-120 – GacoFlashFoam – Component A & B

Firestone F10000 – GacoToughFoam – Polyol Component B

Firestone F183M – Gaco 183M– Polyol Component B

Firestone F1850R – GacoOnePass – Polyol Component B

Firestone F052N – Gaco 052N GacoInsulBarrier – Polyol Component B

Firestone F5001 –GacoFireStop 2 – Polyol Component B

Firestone F4500R – GacoEZSpray – Polyol Component B Firestone FR6500R – GacoProFill – Polyol Component B

Firestone F1880R – GacoOnePass Low GWP – Polyol Component B

Firestone F2733R – GacoRoofFoam – Polyol Component B

Firestone ISO – Isocyanate – Iso Component A7

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Brand A 1, 2.5



General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Brand B 1, 2.5


12




General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Ultra-Thane 050

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Ultra-Thane 050 OCX

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Ultra-Thane 170 Pour Foam

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Ultra-Thane 230-2.08

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Ultra-Thane 230-2.5, 2.7, and 3.0 Roof Foam

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Universal Polymers Corp 2.0

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Universal Polymers Corp 500

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Universal Polymers Corp 500 OCX

Henry Company LLC Permax Closed-cell Foam Insulation

ICP Adhesives & Sealants Handi-Foam® E84 Spray Foam

ICP Adhesives & Sealants Handi-Foam® Quick Cure

ICP Adhesives & Sealants Handi-Foam® Air Seal ICP Adhesives & Sealants Handi-Foam® Low Density

ICP Adhesives & Sealants Handi-Foam® Wall Seal

ICP Adhesives & Sealants Brand A Product 1

ICP Adhesives & Sealants Brand B Product 1



Icynene-Lapolla Icynene Classic Plus™

Icynene-Lapolla Icynene Classic™

Icynene-Lapolla Icynene Classic Eco

Icynene-Lapolla Icynene Classic Max

Icynene-Lapolla Icynene MDC 200 V6

Icynene-Lapolla Icynene MDR 210

Icynene-Lapolla ProSeal Eco

Icynene-Lapolla Icynene ProSeal

Icynene-Lapolla Lapolla Foam-LOK FL500

Icynene-Lapolla Lapolla Foam-LOK FL2000

Icynene-Lapolla Lapolla Foam-LOK FL2000 – 4G

Icynene-Lapolla Lapolla Foam-LOK LPA 2500 Icynene-Lapolla Lapolla Foam-LOK LPA 2800

Johns Manville9 JM Corbond III® SPF

Johns Manville JM Corbond® oc SPF

Johns Manville JM Corbond® ocx SPF

NCFI Polyurethanes10 10-011

NCFI Polyurethanes 10-013








Rhino Linings Corporation ThermalGuard ISO, A Component

Rhino Linings Corporation Duratite CC2.5, B Component



Rhino Linings Corporation ThermalGuard CC2, B Component

13



Rhino Linings Corporation ThermalGuard OC 1.0, B Component

Rhino Linings Corporation ThermalGuard OC 0.5, B Component

SES Foam LLC EasySeal.5 Spray Foam

SES Foam LLC Nexseal™ 2.0, 2.0W, 2.0 LE, 2.0 LE W

SES Foam LLC SES 2.5, SES 2.5 S, SES 2.5 W

SES Foam LLC SES 2.7, SES 2.7 S, SES 2.7W

SES Foam LLC SES 3.0, SES 3.0 S, SES 3.0W. SES 3.0HCS

SES Foam LLC Sucraseal™ 0.5 lb Spray Foam

SWD Urethane Quik-Shield 100X

SWD Urethane Quik-Shield 106



SWD Urethane Quik-Shield 118 SWD Urethane Quik-Shield 125

SWD Urethane Quik-Shield 450 Notes: CalDTSC = California Department of Toxic Substances Control; dba = Doing Business As; MDI = Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; SDS = Safety Data Sheet; SPF = Spray Foam Polyurethane. (1) Accella Polyurethane Systems dba Acella Polyurethane Systems, Carlisle Spray Foam Insulation, Carlisle Roof Foam and Coatings. (2) A single SDS covers both BAYSEAL 2.7 and BAYSEAL 3.0. (3) PREMISEAL 305 was replaced by PREMISEAL 70. (4) PREMISEAL 350 was replaced by PREMISEAL 70. (5) Elastrospray 8000A is the A-side SDS for all BASF Priority Products in the Notification. (6) FROTH-PAK™ Sealant uses "FROTH-PAK™ ISO INT AF HFC" for the A-side and "FROTH-PAK™ Polyol INT 1.75 HFC" for the B-side; FROTH-PAK™ Insulation uses "FROTH-PAK™ ISO INT AF HFC" for the A-side and "FROTH-PAK™ Class A Polyol INT" for the B-side; FROTH-PAK™ Ultra uses "FROTH-PAK™ Ultra 17gal REF ISO" for the A-side and "FROTH-PAK™ Ultra 17gal REF Polyol" for the B-side; STYROFOAM™ SPF uses "Dow 3019" for the A-side and "STYROFOAM™ SPF CM 2045 Polyol" for the B-side. (7) ISO – Isocyanate – Iso Component A is the A-side SDS to all high-pressure Firestone/Gaco products, other than FB28-120 – GacoFlashFoam – Component A & B. (8) Ultra-Thane 230-2.0 shares the same SDS as Ultra-Thane 230-2.5, 2.7, and 3.0 Roof Foam. (9) While Johns Manville chooses to include the names of the three Priority Products in the AA, Johns Manville maintains the confidential business information claim on all other information submitted to CalDTSC. (10) Barnhardt Manufacturing Company dba NCFI® Polyurethanes.

Table 3.2 Manufacturers of Certain Low- and High-pressure Two-component SPF Products Containing Unreacted MDI That Will Potentially Be for Sale in California in the Future Manufacturer Name Product Name

Creative Polymer Group A-Side

Creative Polymer Group Air Lok 45

Creative Polymer Group Air-Lok 170

DAP Products, Inc. Touch N Foam/Touch N Seal Low GWP 2K

Johns Manville JM Corbond® IIIe SPF Johns Manville JM Corbond® III 2.8 SPF

Johns Manville JM Corbond IV

Foam Supplies, Inc. ecospray™ LE

Foam Supplies, Inc. ecoroof

Foam Supplies, Inc. EcoStar ccSPF

Foam Supplies, Inc. Spritzer Family of Products

General Coatings Ultra-Thane 205 HFO

General Coatings Ultra-Thane 230 HFO

General Coatings Universal Polymers Corp UPC 2.0 HFO

14



General Coatings Ultra-Thane 050 MAX

General Coatings Universal Polymers 500 MAX

Rhino Linings Corporation ThermalGuard OC 0.5X, B Component

Rhino Linings Corporation ThermalGuard CC2 Eco, B Component


SWD Urethane Quik-Shield 155 Notes: MDI = Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; SPF = Spray Foam Polyurethane.

On January 1, 2020, California's restriction on hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) foam blowing agents for high-

pressure SPF became effective. Many of the products in Table 3.2 are likely available in California. The manufacturers did not submit new Priority Product Notification for these products because the formulation

change related to the blowing agent occurred on the B-side of the product (i.e., not containing pMDI). The

A-side of these products, which contains pMDI, was reported with the original Priority Product Notification. For more information, see Section 7.3.

3.4 Key Performance Requirements for the Priority Products

As noted above, the Priority Products all serve as both insulation and an air and sound barrier for residential

and commercial buildings. The key performance requirements for a two-component SPF are as follows:

The product must be an effective barrier to heat (i.e., the product must have thermal resistance and

be an effective insulator). One reason that consumers may choose to use SPF products in a building

is because of the high thermal resistance (R-values per inch) compared to other insulation products. The unique application process allows builders to create architectural designs that could not

otherwise meet required energy performance standards using other insulation products.

The product must be able to seal a wall assembly (where it is applied), serving as an effective barrier to air, moisture (closed-cell foam), and sound.

The product must resist the spreading of flames and emission of smoke in the case of a fire.

Mandatory criteria for surface burning characteristics have been established by building codes to

help ensure fire protection. For this reason, SPF products contain flame retardants.

The product should have an appropriate curing or polymerization rate consistent with successful

application of the product (in terms of seal, longevity, appearance, insulation capacity, etc.). For

example, polyurethane-based spray foam polymerizes quickly, which:

Prevents slumping, thus providing a good seal for insulated cavities. Any alternatives would

need to have equivalent performance properties in order to maintain the tight air barrier

properties of SPF.

Reduces potential exposure to airborne pMDI and after application, the potential exposure is

reduced to a level that allows other trades to enter the construction site in a timely manner.

Ensures that the product is fully reacted once it attains its final characteristics, which eliminates

building occupants' exposure to pMDI.

The product must have good dimensional stability (<15% change by volume). SPF products should

resist structural deterioration/decomposition and resist settling, which maintains insulation

performance over time.

15


The product should also adhere directly to building materials (e.g., wood, metal, plastic

construction materials) and therefore improve structural integrity and stability.

The product must be easy to spray, so that surfaces can be covered evenly and the product can get

into gaps to properly form an air, sound, and/or moisture barrier.

The product must maintain minimum standards for shelf-life in order to provide consistent quality

of the product and hence meet the required performance standards.

See Section 3.6 for information on the criteria for various physical characteristics of SPF products for

different types and applications.

3.5 Information on SPF Product Grouping

Based on information provided by the REs listed in Table 3.1, there are over 170 different SPF products

covered by this Abridged AA. Conducting an assessment of each product individually would be overly

complicated and lead to difficulties in understanding comparisons. As a result, we have organized the Priority Products covered by this Abridged AA into four product groups based on their unique product

properties and applications (see Table 3.3). The grouping is divided among low- and high-pressure SPF

products, further subdivided by product density (e.g., 0.5 lb/ft3). Further, this grouping is substantiated by the manner in which the SPF industry views these products – as four distinct products.

The industry convention is to report a weight value (i.e., 0.5, 2, or 3 lb/ft3) associated with different SPF

products. This "weight value" is a bit of a misnomer but is used to indicate density (in lb/ft2 of cured foam product). Higher weight (lb) indicates higher density, and such higher-density SPFs provide better

insulation from air and vapor intrusion compared to lower-density SPFs (US EPA, 2016). Low-pressure

two-component SPF products, except high volume low pressure (HVLP) products, can be used by both professionals and do-it-yourself (DIY) applicators for weatherizing and small-scale insulation uses (US

EPA, 2016). HVLP SPF products are intended for use by professionals only and can be used for small-

scale and full insulation jobs. Only professionals can purchase and use high-pressure two-component SPF

products (US EPA, 2016), which are for larger-scale insulation applications such as roofing, filling interior wall cavities, and continuous insulation (i.e., continuous exterior insulation without gaps created by studs,

joists, etc.) (SFC, 2019a). High-pressure SPF products fall into three groups: open-cell SPF (0.5 lb) used

as wall cavity or attic insulation; closed cell 2-lb SPF also used for wall cavity, attic insulation, and building exteriors; and 3-lb (or greater density) SPF used for building exteriors or roofs. The last category also

includes miscellaneous uses (e.g., chicken coops), and such SPF products have higher densities (up to 10

lb/ft3). While low-pressure SPF products are also available in various densities, we did not further divide the low-pressure product group. It should be noted that the division of products into groups is for clarity

of discussion purposes and reflects somewhat different uses; however, all products are currently made with

pMDI and similar B-side chemistries, often at the same production facilities.

Product information that supports the use of these four product groups as Priority Products is available in

Appendix C.

16


Table 3.3 Grouping of Priority Products by Product Type Group # Group Name Applications

1 Low pressure (various densities)

Typically used as air sealants and for small-scale insulation applications. HVLP products can be used for the insulation of full-size homes.

2 High pressure, 0.5 lb/ft3, open-cell

Typically used as insulation for above grade interior wall cavities and unvented attics and crawlspaces.

3 High pressure, 2 lb/ft3, closed-cell

Typically used for exterior continuous insulation, insulation for above and below grade, and unvented attics and crawlspaces.

4 High pressure, 3 lb+ lb/ft3, closed-cell

Typically used in combination with elastomeric coatings as an insulated roofing system.

Notes: HVLP = High Volume Low Pressure. Source: SFC (2019a).

3.6 Legal Requirements, Standards, and Voluntary Programs Relevant to the Priority Products

The legal requirements relevant to the Priority Products are contained within the International Building Code (IBC), Residential Building Code (RBC), the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), and

various state and local regulations.

Building codes are developed by the International Code Council (ICC) as a minimum set of requirements

to ensure the health and safety of building occupants (FEMA, 2019). The ICC codes are referred to as

"model codes," as they are adopted by most states and enforced by local agencies, although some agencies

may make adaptations or amendments to the model codes. The California Building Standards Code (Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations [CCR]) has 12 parts, including the California Building Code

(CBC) and California Residential Code (CRC), which are based on the IBC and RBC, respectively

(California Building Standards Commission, 2019a,b). The code chapters relevant to SPF insulation are Chapter 26 of the CBC and Chapter 3 of the CRC, and these chapters are distinct from those relating to

non-SPF insulation. In general, the requirements and standards outlined in the codes focus on fire

protection, thermal performance, and moisture control.

In addition to the CBC and the CRC, Title 24 includes the California Building Efficiency Standard (CBES)

(CCR Title 24, Part 6) (California Building Standards Commission, 2019b). The CBES helps ensure that

the most energy-efficient technologies and building practices are used for both newly constructed buildings and alterations and additions to existing buildings (California Energy Commission, 2018). This standard

outlines mandatory requirements for thermal insulation, including minimum R-values for each climate

zone. The CBES specifically references SPF insulation as a material that may be used to meet the specified requirements of an air barrier for building envelopes (California Energy Commission, 2018). The standard

also states that all insulation must be certified by the California Department of Consumer Affairs, Bureau

of Household Goods and Services (formerly the Bureau of Electronic and Appliance Repair, Home Furnishing and Thermal Insulation). As described in the Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation Act, it

is the responsibility of the Bureau of Household Goods and Services to provide licenses for insulation

manufacturers and enforce the adopted regulations and standards (see Sections 19164, 19165) (California

Dept. of Consumer Affairs, 2019). The Act also requires that insulation manufacturers develop and implement a quality assurance program and maintain a record of performance testing. These standards and

enforcement procedures apply to all thermal insulating materials and would extend to any potential SPF

alternatives (California Energy Commission, 2018).

17


A set of specific criteria have been developed that help verify that SPF products conform to the complicated building code requirements for their intended use. All SPF products and potential alternatives must

conform to the requirements laid out in the building standards. The ICC Evaluation Service (ICC-ES)

developed "Acceptance Criteria for Spray-Applied Foam Plastic Insulation" (AC 377) to help interested

parties such as building officials quickly evaluate the compliance of SPF products (ICC-ES, 2018). Similar compliance reports are issued by International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials

(IAPMO), Intertek, and others. These product-specific code compliance reports are developed based on

the criteria outlined in AC 377 or equivalent criteria. The mandatory physical properties and standard test methods required by AC 377 for different SPF applications are presented in Table 3.4. Code compliance

reports for SPF products outline these physical properties and confirm that the product is in compliance

with the applicable building codes. In addition, these reports include sections on code compliance (i.e., which version[s] of building codes the report adheres to), packaging and identification, thermal and ignition

barrier requirements and special approvals, installation requirements, and quality assurance programs (ICC-

ES, 2018). For specific products or systems based on particular end-uses, AC 377 indicates that alternative

or additional quantification methods (e.g., 3-year adhesion, transportation durability/road testing) may be submitted to and approved by ICC-ES prior to testing (ICC-ES, 2018). There are also several optional

criteria and large-scale assembly tests outlined in AC 377, including air permeance to qualify as an air-

impermeable insulation (ASTM E2178 or E283), vapor permeance to qualify as a water vapor retarder (ASTM E96), and additional fire tests (e.g., National Fire Protection Association [NFPA] Standards 285

and NFPA 286) (ICC-ES, 2018). Many manufacturers also claim conformance to ASTM C1029, which

includes compressive strength, water vapor permeability, water absorption, tensile strength, and closed cell content (Massaro, 2019). AC 377 also mentions ASTM C1029 as an alternative set of criteria and tests,

specifically for insulation used in roofing (ICC-ES, 2018).

In addition to legal requirements, there are various retail-driven requirements and performance expectations for SPF products that would also apply to any alternatives. For example, application systems for low-

pressure products should promote safety and ease of use (e.g., preloading of blowing agent in sealed

cylinders), and a 12-month shelf life is required by some REs' retail partners (Massaro, 2019). In addition, some SPF products follow voluntary retail-driven product certification standards (e.g., GREENGUARD).

At the time this report was generated, it was noted that similar criteria (IAPMO ES 1000 and ICC Standard

1100) were under development to replace AC 377 (Wieroniey, 2019).

18


Table 3.4 Physical Properties of Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation by Application According to AC 377 Application Test Required Value

Sealing (nominal core density 0.5-2.5 pcf)

Core Density: ASTM D1622 As reported

Surface Burning Characteristics: IBC-ASTM E84 or UL 723 75 flame-spread index or less, 450 smoke-developed index or less

Adhesion: ASTM D1623 5 lbf/in2, minimum

Low-density insulation (nominal core density 0.5-1.4 pcf)

Thermal resistance at 75°F (24°C) Mean Temperature: ASTM C177, ASTM C518, or ASTM C1363

As reported

Core Density:1 ASTM D1622 As reported

Tensile Strength: ASTM D1623

Minimum Closed-cell Content2 of 90% 5 lbf/in2, minimum

Closed-cell Content Less than 90% 3 lbf/in2, minimum

Dimensional Stability: ASTM D2126 15% maximum total change


Medium-density insulation (nominal core density 1.5-3.5 pcf)

Thermal Resistance at 75°F (24°C) Mean Temperature: ASTM C177, ASTM C518, or ASTM C1363

As reported


Tensile Strength: ASTM D1623 15 lbf/in2, minimum



Compressive Strength: ASTM D1621 15 lbf/in2, minimum

Roofing (nominal core density 2.5-3.5 pcf)

Thermal Resistance at 75°F (24°C) Mean Temperature: ASTM C177, ASTM C518, or ASTM C1363

As reported


Tensile Strength: ASTM D1623 40 lbf/in2, minimum


Surface Burning Characteristics: IBC-ASTM E84 or UL 723 75 flame-spread index or less

Compressive Strength: ASTM D1621 40 lbf/in2, minimum Notes: ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials; IBC = International Building Code; lbf = Pound Force; pcf = Pound-force Per Cubic Foot; UBC = Uniform Building Code; UL = Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Table adapted from ICC-ES (2018, Table 1). "For SI: 1 pfc = 16 02 kg/m3, 1 lbf/in2 = 6.89 kPa" (ICC-ES, 2018, Table 1). (1) "Test specimen density shall be within 10 percent of the nominal density recognized in the evaluation report" (ICC-ES, 2018). (2) "Closed cell content shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D6226" (ICC-ES, 2018).

19


Key Definitions:

Thermal Resistance (R-value): A measure of material's resistance to conductive heat flow. The higher the thermal resistance (R-value), the more effective the insulating material on a fixed-

volume basis (US DOE, 2019a).

Surface Burning Characteristics:

Flame Spread Index: "A comparative measure, expressed as dimensionless number, derived

from visual measurements of the spread of flame versus time for a material tested in accordance

with ASTM E84 or UL 713" (ICC, 2015).

Smoke-developed Index: "A comparative measure, expressed as dimensionless number,

derived from smoke obscuration versus time for a material tested in accordance with ASTM

E84" (ICC, 2015).

Core Density: "Density is expressed most often in pounds per cubic foot… Core density… is the

weight from the center of the sample" (Cutcher, 2016).

Tensile Strength: "[T]ensile (pulling or stretching) force necessary to rupture a material sample divided by the sample's original cross sectional area. Units are usually kPa or psi or lb/in2" (SPFA,

2013).

Dimensional Stability: "[T]he ability of a material to retain its original size and shape. For polyurethane foam, dimensional stability is determined over time under conditions of controlled

temperature and humidity. Measured as a percent of original dimension" (SPFA, 2013).

Compressive Strength: "[T]he stress or force applied parallel to the direction of the polyurethane

foam rise at 10% deformation or at yield point" (SPFA, 2013).

According to the respiratory protection standards of the United States Occupational Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA) (29 CFR 1910.134; OSHA, 2018) and the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health (CalOSHA) (8 CCR 5144; CalOSHA, 2019), SPF applicators are required to wear

appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working with the products. In addition, OSHA's

Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) requires employers to provide training to employees

on chemical safety (OSHA, 2012). The Center for the Polyurethanes Industry (CPI) also offers an online training program for SPF applicators that involves basic information on chemical safety and the proper use

of PPE (ACC, 2011). The Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance (SPFA) has established a certification

program for different types of SPF workers (i.e., insulation installer, roofing insulation installer, and field examiner), with differing levels of proficiency (assistant, installer, master installer, project manager), and

requires progressive training in the proper use of SPF equipment, substrate preparation, equipment repair,

codes and standards, etc. (SPFA, 2019). These health and safety programs may require modification for any new alternative product.

California air districts may establish and enforce relevant rules and regulations for volatile organic

compounds (VOCs). For example, the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), which includes Los Angeles, has established a VOC limit of 250 g/L for foam insulation and foam sealant, which

are considered architectural applications under Rule 1168 (SCAQMD, 2017). This limit is scheduled to be

reduced to 50 g/L starting on January 1, 2023. This limit would apply to any alternative SPF product. Furthermore, as noted earlier, many SPF products have voluntary GREENGUARD Gold Certifications that

comply with the State of California's Department of Public Health Services Standard Practice for

Specification Section 01350, indicating extremely low VOC emission (UL, 2020). Presumably, consumers would expect the same low VOC levels for any alternative SPF product.

20


California has adopted several regulations that aim to reduce HFC emissions by prohibiting certain HFCs

in specific product categories, including SPF insulation. The California Cooling Act (Senate Bill 1013) (California State Senate, 2018) and the California Air Resources Board's (CARB) HFC Regulation (CCR

Title 17, Sections 95372) (CARB, 2018) prohibit the use of certain HFCs in SPF products. The following

HFCs are unacceptable if the formulation was blended after the effective date of January 1, 2020, for high-

pressure rigid polyurethane two-component SPF and as of January 1, 2021, for low-pressure rigid polyurethane two-component SPF: "HFC-134a, HFC-245fa, and blends thereof; blends of HFC-365mfc

with at least 4 percent HFC-245fa, and commercial blends of HFC-365mfc with 7 to 13 percent HFC-227ea

and the remainder HFC-365mfc; and Formacel TI" (CARB, 2018). These HFCs may still be used in "military or space- and aeronautics-related applications" until January 1, 2025 (CARB, 2018). Any

alternatives to high- or low-pressure SPF would have to comply with California's HFC ban starting in 2020

as well. Products must be reformulated to work with alternative blowing agents (e.g., hydrofluoroolefins [HFOs]), and thus, this CARB requirement adds to the complexity of identifying viable alternatives.

3.7 Role of the Chemical of Concern in the Priority Products

The Priority Products are created from a chemical reaction between two components, the "A-side," which

contains the unreacted pMDI, and a blowing agent in low-pressure systems, and the "B-side," which contains polyol, flame retardant, blowing agent, catalysts, and surfactants (CalDTSC, 2014). The two sides

combine at a highly controlled ratio in the spray applicator, creating polyurethane foam from a chemical

reaction of the unreacted pMDI and the polyol with the help of the remaining B-side chemicals.

Specifically, high-pressure SPF is polymerized upon release, whereas low-pressure SPF is not aerosolized and begins to polymerize prior to release from the spray gun. This polyurethane foam expands to fill the

building cavities and will completely cure into rigid foam (SFC, 2019a). An essential attribute of the pMDI

is its quick reaction time with the polyol, which enables the foam to expand along a surface against the force of gravity, completely filling the space to be insulated rather than slumping to the lowest point of the

application site.

3.8 Necessity of the Chemical of Concern or Replacement Chemicals in the Priority Products

As noted above, unreacted pMDI is a fundamental component of two-component SPF systems. A two-

component SPF product formulated without unreacted pMDI or an equivalently effective replacement would not be functional. Thus, simply removing the chemical of concern from the Priority Products

formulations without replacing it with a similarly reactive and effective ingredient is not an option.

21


4 Scoping, Identifying Possible Alternatives, and Relevant Factors

4.1 Philosophy Concerning Stage 1 of an AA

As conceived by Gradient and the RE consortium, the goal of Stage 1 of an AA is to answer the question:

Do there exist seemingly functionally acceptable, technically feasible, and economically feasible

alternatives to the Priority Products that should be given a more in-depth consideration, or can we be

reasonably certain there are no such alternatives or that there is not sufficient publicly available information on potential alternatives to conduct an in-depth AA? It is the REs' position that Stage 1 of an AA is based

on publicly available information. The aim is not to definitively identify an alternative to the Priority

Products, but rather to determine whether there are candidate alternatives that warrant more in-depth evaluation before a decision can be made. We believe this approach is consistent with the California Safer

Consumer Products (SCP) regulations (CalDTSC, 2013). Other important elements of Stage 1 include

identifying requirements (legal or otherwise) for the product and identifying the function of the chemical of concern in the product to determine whether the chemical can simply be eliminated from the product.

4.2 Optional Relevant Factors Included in Stage 1 of the AA

The SCP regulations do not list performance or cost as required considerations (i.e., relevant factors) for

Stage 1 of an AA, but rather include them as required for Stage 2. However, the California SCP regulations (22 CCR § 69505.5[e]) allow an RE to include additional factors that it deems relevant to the AA at its

discretion (CalDTSC, 2013). The REs for the Priority Products at issue in this Abridged AA maintain that

performance is a critical element for an AA to consider in its initial stage, because an alternative to the

Priority Products that has unacceptable performance (i.e., performs poorly compared to the current products by a reasonable metric related to consumer needs or expectations) is not a viable alternative (i.e., consumers

will not purchase it or it does not meet generally accepted performance standards) and should therefore not

be considered further. Similarly, relative cost should be considered early in the AA process, because an alternative that is not cost-effective, even when possible economies of scale are considered, is not a viable

alternative.

That said, we encountered limitations in the available performance and cost data for some alternatives that are not commercialized.

4.3 Scoping: Alternatives Outside the Scope of This Abridged AA Report

The first element of an AA involves scoping, or determining the range of alternatives to the Priority

Product(s) that will and will not be considered in the AA. "Alternatives" have a narrow definition in the context of the SCP program and are defined under 22 CCR § 69501.1 as consisting of the following options:

A. Removal of Chemical(s) of Concern from a Priority Product, with or without the use of one or more replacement chemicals;

22


B. Reformulation or redesign of a Priority Product and/or manufacturing process to

eliminate or reduce the concentration of Chemical(s) of Concern in the Priority Product;

C. Redesign of a Priority Product and/or manufacturing process to reduce or restrict

potential exposures to Chemical(s) of Concern in the Priority Product; or

D. Any other change to a Priority Product or a manufacturing process that reduces the potential adverse impacts and/or potential exposures associated with the Chemical(s)

of Concern in the Priority Product, and/or the potential adverse waste and end-of-life

effects associated with the Priority Product. (CalDTSC, 2019a)

SPF is a multifunctional product (i.e., open- and closed-cell) typically sharing similar manufacturing

equipment. As a result, it is the REs' position that any viable alternative, as defined by the SCP program, would need to replace all of the existing functions (i.e., low-pressure; high-pressure 0.5-, 2.0-, and 3-lb

SPF) in a single product type. Having an alternative for only certain types of the Priority Products could

adversely complicate product production, requiring additional production facilities (i.e., more land use) and

greater raw material transportation. It could also complicate worker training, as all SPF workers currently only need to receive training regarding the proper use of a single type of material.

4.3.1 Scope of the Definition of the Priority Product

22 CCR Chapter 55 §69511.2 defines SPF systems containing unreacted MDI as:

[S]pray polyurethane foam systems containing liquid chemical mixtures in two separate

containers that are sold or distributed together. The two separate containers are commonly

referred to as Side A and Side B. Side A contains unreacted methylene diphenyl diisocyanates. Side B contains a mixture of polyols and other ingredients which may

include catalysts, blowing agents, flame retardants, and surfactants. The chemical mixtures

in the sides react when mixed together to form polyurethane foam that is used for insulation, roofing, or sealing and filling voids and gaps. This product-chemical

combination includes: (1) High-pressure spray polyurethane foam systems, and (2) Low-

pressure spray polyurethane foam systems. (CalDTSC, 2019b [emphasis added]).

Therefore, the REs' interpretation is that any product that may meet the SCP program's definition of an

"alternative" must be a polyurethane foam that can be spray applied. Non-polyurethane alternatives are out

of the scope of this AA regardless of how they are applied.

4.3.2 Responsible Entities' Position on Potential Alternatives that Are Also Priority Products

22 CCR § 69501.1 Subsections C and D define an "alternative" as allowing for redesign of the product or

other changes to lower exposure to the chemical of concern (CalDTSC, 2019a). The REs' position is that when listing SPF as a Priority Product, CalDTSC created regulatory inconsistency with the definition of

"alternative" and "safer alternative," because CalDTSC:

1. Did not define a threshold for a safe level of exposure to the chemicals of concern – 4,4'-MDI (CAS No. 101-68-8) and generic methylene diphenyl diisocyanates, mixed isomers (CAS No. 26447-40-

5);

2. Listed four types of SPF as a single product; and 3. Included low-pressure SPF in the definition of a Priority Product.

23


22 CCR § 69501.1 defines a "safer alternative" as an "alternative that, in comparison with another product

or product manufacturing process, has reduced potential adverse impacts and/or potential exposures associated with one or more Candidate Chemicals, Chemicals of Concern, and/or replacement chemicals,

whichever is/are applicable" (CalDTSC, 2019a).

It is the REs' position that a Priority Product cannot be considered a safer alternative to another Priority Product. For example, the application of low-pressure SPF results in lower potential exposure to unreacted

MDI than the application of high-pressure SPF. Therefore, the results of an AA on high-pressure SPF

would identify low-pressure SPF as a potential alternative. But, a second AA would still be required for low-pressure SPF (another Priority Product). If the AA does not identify an alternative to low-pressure

SPF, low-pressure SPF will be subject to additional regulatory responses, creating a futile cycle of

evaluation and regulation. Additionally, CalDTSC has previously rejected engineering controls to reduce exposure to MDI during application as an alternative solution to the AA process (Lee, 2015). However, in

the interest of completeness, this Abridged AA report includes an analysis of lower-exposure products,

even though the REs do not consider regulated Priority Products (i.e., low-pressure SPF, HVLP systems,

ProFill SPF, etc.) as viable alternatives for evaluation in the AA.

4.3.3 Other Insulation Products that Are Out of Scope

This Abridged AA is focused on alternatives to two-component high- and low-pressure SPF products

containing unreacted MDI. While other types of insulation, such as fiberglass, mineral wool, cellulose, natural fibers, polystyrene, and cementitious foam, would provide only some of the same functions as the

Priority Products, the REs do not consider these as "alternatives" under California 22 CCR § 69501.1

(CalDTSC, 2019a) and California 22 CCR § 69511.2 (CalDTSC, 2019b). First, these other types of

insulation are not based on a reformulation, redesign, or change to the existing Priority Products but rather are wholly different products. None of these products replicate the multiple functional benefits of SPF (air

barrier, moisture barrier, vapor retarder, thermal and acoustic barrier, and added structural strength) without

secondary products. For example, additional insulation thickness is required to achieve equivalent R-values that SPF can provide. Second, the REs believe these other types of insulation are outside the scope of the

AA because they do not meet the definition of the Priority Product as they are not a spray-applied

polyurethane foam, as described in Section 4.3.1. In addition, CalDTSC's "Alternatives Analysis Guide" (CalDTSC, 2017a) indicates that REs are not required to consider alternatives that fall outside their business

manufacturing model (CalDTSC, 2017a, p. 26). The SCP regulations also encourage CalDTSC to consider

the "practical capacity" of the RE to carry out a regulatory action that CalDTSC may require, such as the

mandating of an alternative technology (CalDTSC, 2013). The systems houses that have participated in the preparation and submission of this Abridged AA report view non-spray-foam-based insulation

technologies as being outside many of their manufacturing business models and as technologies that they

have no practical capacity to produce. These technologies are therefore considered to be outside the scope of this AA and cannot be considered alternatives to the Priority Product.

However, in the interest of completeness and transparency, a qualitative discussion of these non-SPF alternatives and why they are not suitable replacements for pressurized two-component SPF systems

containing unreacted MDI is provided below.

4.3.3.1 Fiberglass

Fiberglass is an insulation material consisting of fine glass fibers. Fiberglass insulation products are not an alternative to SPF. Fiberglass products are only used in interior applications, while SPF can be used in

interior and exterior applications. Fiberglass insulation products are air permeable and cannot function as

an air barrier or sealant (Holladay, 2009) without the use of additional products. Fiberglass insulation

24


products by themselves do not function as a water-resistive barrier. Fiberglass insulation cannot strengthen

the structure of a building. Finally, fiberglass insulation products represent a completely different product chemistry (and application) from SPF and do not meet the SCP regulations' definition of an alternative.

They also clearly fall outside the manufacturing or business model of REs that do not manufacture fiberglass

insulation and are thus outside the scope of the AA.

4.3.3.2 Mineral Wool

Rock wool and rock and slag wool are insulation fibers made up of different proportions of blast furnace

slag, aluminosilicate rock (e.g., basalt), and other rocks (US DOE, 2019b). Mineral wool insulation

products are not an alternative to SPF. Mineral wool insulation products are air permeable and cannot function as an air barrier or sealant without the use of additional products. Mineral wool insulation products

by themselves do not function as a water-resistive barrier. Mineral wool insulation cannot strengthen the

structure of a building. Finally, mineral wool insulation products represent a completely different product chemistry (and application) from SPF and do not meet the SCP regulations' definition of an alternative.

They also clearly fall outside the manufacturing or business model of REs that do not manufacture mineral

wool insulation and are thus outside the scope of the AA.

4.3.3.3 Cellulose

Cellulose insulation typically consists of recycled paper, borate, and ammonium sulfate (US DOE, 2019b).

Cellulose insulation products are not an alternative to SPF. Cellulose insulation products are only used in

interior applications, while SPF can be used in interior and exterior applications. Cellulose insulation products are air permeable and cannot function as an air barrier or sealant without the use of additional

products. Cellulose insulation products by themselves do not function as a water-resistive barrier. In fact,

cellulose insulation products are susceptible to water damage. Cellulose insulation cannot strengthen the

structure of a building. Finally, cellulose insulation products represent a completely different product chemistry (and application) from SPF and do not meet the SCP regulations' definition of an alternative.

They also clearly fall outside the manufacturing or business model of REs that do not manufacture cellulose

insulation and are thus outside the scope of the AA.

4.3.3.4 Natural Fibers

Natural fiber insulations include cotton, sheep's wool, etc. (US DOE, 2019b). Natural fiber insulation

products are not an alternative to SPF. Natural fiber insulation products are only used in interior

applications, while SPF can be used in interior and exterior applications. Natural fiber insulation products are air permeable and cannot function as an air barrier or sealant, without the use of additional products.

Natural fiber insulation products by themselves do not function as a water-resistive barrier. Like cellulose

insulation products, natural fiber insulation products are susceptible to water damage. Natural fiber insulation cannot strengthen the structure of a building. Finally, natural fiber insulation products represent

a completely different product chemistry (and application) from SPF and do not meet the SCP regulations'

definition of an alternative. They also clearly fall outside the manufacturing or business model of REs that do not manufacture natural fiber insulation and are thus outside the scope of the AA.

4.3.3.5 Polystyrene

Polystyrene is a thermoplastic insulation that comes in various forms, such as extruded or expanded foam

boards, concrete blocks, and compressed bead boards (US DOE, 2019b). Polystyrene insulation products

25


are not an alternative to SPF. While polystyrene materials are air impearmable, additional products are

required for polystyrene wall assemblies to meet air barrier performance requirements. Polystryrene insulation products do not seal cracks and gaps. Polystyrene insulation cannot strengthen the structure of

a building. Additionally, polystyrene insulation products represent a completely different product

chemistry (and application) from SPF and do not meet the SCP regulations' definition of an alternative.

They also clearly fall outside the manufacturing or business model of REs that do not manufacturer polystyrene and are outside the scope of the AA.

4.3.3.6 Cementitious Foam

As the name suggests, cementitious foam is a cement-based foam either installed as spray applied or foam-in-place insulation (US DOE, 2019b). Cementitious foam insulation products are not an alternative to SPF.

Cementitious foam insulation products are fragile and crumble (Roberts, 2014); therefore, they are air

permeable and cannot function as an air barrier or sealant without the use of additional products. Cementitious foam insulation products by themselves do not function as a water-resistive barrier.

Cementitious foam insulation cannot strengthen the structure of building. Finally, cementitious foam

insulation products represent a completely different product chemistry (and application) from SPF and do

not meet the SCP regulations' definition of an alternative. They also clearly fall outside the manufacturing or business model of REs that do not manufacture fiberglass and are thus outside the scope of the AA.

4.3.3.7 Polyisocyanurate

Polyisocyanurate or polyiso is a thermoset plastic, closed-cell foam similar to polyurethane insulation (US DOE, 2019b). Polyisocyanurate rigid board insulation products are not an alternative to SPF. Like

polyurethane, polyiso is created via a thermochemical reaction between MDI and polyols and catalysts,

surfactants, and flame retardants (PIMA, 2015). However, this process occurs at a manufacturing site using

a vastly different process, typically including the use of metal or plastic facers, which require specialized lamination equipment. Polyisocyanurate insulation products are not spray applied. While polyisocyanurate

materials are air impermeable, additional products are required for polyisocyanurate wall assemblies to

meet air barrier performance requirements. Polyisocyanurate insulation products do not seal cracks and gaps. They also clearly fall outside the manufacturing or business model of REs that do not manufacturer

polyisocyanurate and are thus outside the scope of the AA.

4.4 Potential Alternatives

Once the scope of an AA has been identified, the next critical step is to gather information on possible alternatives to the Priority Product(s). To conduct an informative AA, one needs to consider not only those

products made by the REs involved in this particular effort but also other similar products that are available,

as these may be possible alternatives to the Priority Product(s). To obtain information about potential

alternatives to the Priority Products, we first gathered information from SDSs for all the products made by the REs involved in this Abridged AA. We then researched potential alternatives mentioned in CalDTSC's

"Revised Priority Product Profile" for SPF products containing unreacted MDI (CalDTSC, 2014).3

3 Soudal's Soudafoam SMX® is a one-component, non-isocyanate-based canned spray foam that was mentioned in the CalDTSC "Revised Priority Product Profile" for SPF products containing unreacted MDI as a potential commercially available alternative to these products (CalDTSC, 2014). However, because Soudafoam SMX® is a one-component spray foam only available in 500-mL

cans (Soudal Australia, 2019), it is not a viable potential alternative for two-component Priority Products and thus is not included in this Abridged AA. In addition, it is unclear whether Soudafoam SMX® is currently commercially available in the US, because the product is not available on Soudal's US website (Soudal Inc., 2019), but is available on its Australian website (Soudal Australia, 2019).

26


We also conducted an online literature search using terms such as "spray foam insulation," "alternatives," "insulation types," "insulation options," etc. In addition, we consulted several recent textbooks on

insulation and reviewed CalDTSC's technical document related to the listing of SPF containing unreacted

MDI as a Priority Product (CalDTSC, 2017b). Additionally, we conducted two patent searches relating to

MDI-based SPF using Google Patents, the United States Patents and Trademarks Office patent search database, and the patent search functionality on LENS.org. For these patent searches, search terms for SPF

(sprayfoam, spray foam) were used with MDI/methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and insulation/insulated to

form the first part of the search. For the patent search focusing on alternative chemistry to MDI-based SPF, keywords including alternative chemistry, green chemistry, non-hazardous, less toxic, or safe/safer were

used in conjunction with the previously mentioned keywords for SPF. For patents focusing on lower

exposure to MDI-based SPF, keywords including reduced exposure, lower exposure, limited exposure, or less exposure were used in conjunction with the previously mentioned keywords for SPF. Both of these

searches yielded few results in all three patent databases and are presented below.

We also queried members of the RE consortium, asking that they provide information on any alternative technologies to the Priority Products that they are aware of that currently exist, are under development, or

have been tried in the past.

Note that we limited our search to current alternatives to MDI-based spray polyurethane foams and not to

alternatives to MDI-based polyurethanes in general.4 Polyurethanes are used in a very wide range of

products (e.g., coatings, textiles, foam) with very different product characteristics, and alternative chemistries for such applications would not provide useful information about their potential use as spray

foam building insulation. Only technologies that are alternatives specific to MDI-based spray foam

building insulation were considered.5

4.4.1 Non-MDI-based Formulations

Through the various approaches outlined above, a number of potential alternative formulations for the

Priority Products were identified that appear to replicate some of the current Priority Products' functional

abilities (e.g., sprayable, two-component). These formulations are:

1. Firestone/Gaco CanaryTM;

2. NanoSonic HybridSilTM;

3. Hybrid Coatings Technologies/Nanotech Industries Green PolyurethaneTM;

4. Owens Corning Formulation;

5. DuPont Formulations (two); and

6. Dow Formulation.

It should be noted that there is uncertainty as to whether some of the potential alternative formulations are

actually polyurethanes even if the patent authors characterize the formulation as such. Industry generally defines polyurethane products as the polymer resulting from the reaction of an isocyanate and a polyol

4 For example, the Danish Ministry of the Environment studied alternatives to MDI in coatings, adhesives, and sealants but did not

address spray foam insulation in that assessment (Danish EPA, 2015). 5 For example, we found one product (Bautex) that involves making non-MDI-based insulating cement blocks for commercial building construction. Such a product, if adopted as an SPF replacement, would mandate a complete change in construction technology (e.g., from wood or other materials to concrete), which would be outside the scope of the SCP program.

27


forming an -NHCOO- linkage. While it is possible to form the -NHCOO- linkage without isocyanates,

information in the patents is limited, and the REs cannot determine if these products meet the general industry definition. Additionally, it is worth noting that only three of the seven alternative formulations

(i.e., Hybrid Coatings Technologies/Nanotech Industries Green Polyurethane, DuPont Patent No. WO

2018/005142 A1, and the Owens Corning formulation) are considered polyurethanes by the patent authors.

However, it is unclear if these products would fall within the general industry definition of a polyurethane. It is the REs' position that only these three SPF formulations could potentially meet the requirements to be

considered as alternatives to the Priority Products as defined under the SCP regulations. As noted in

Section 4.3.1, the REs believe non-polyurethane-based products to be outside the scope of the AA, which would exclude the remaining four formulations even if they are spray applied. However, we are evaluating

all of the sprayable foams listed above in this Abridged AA, for the sake of completeness.

4.4.1.1 Firestone/Gaco CanaryTM

In 2016, Gaco Western patented a two-component, closed-cell, 2.5-lb/ft3, non-polyurethane, non-

isocyanate-based spray foam formulation that uses the same application equipment and has the same PPE

requirements as the current Priority Products, called CanaryTM (Gaco Western, 2017a; Trumbo, et al.,

2016). General information on example chemicals (or chemical families) are contained in the patent for this product (Patent No. US 9359471 B2 [Trumbo, et al., 2016]), although it is not certain these would be

the same chemicals as those in the marketed product. An example formulation contains the following

compounds.6

Example A-side:

Sucrose acetoacetate (no CAS No. identified)

Glycerine acetoacetate (no CAS No. identified)

Tin catalyst (dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane) (CAS No. 68928-76-7)

Example B-side:

Meta xylene diamine (MXDA) (CAS No. 1477-55-0)

Dytek® A (2-Methyl-1,5-diaminopentane) (CAS No. 15520-10-2)

TegostabTM B-8407, a polyether modified siloxane surfactant (CAS No 67762-85-0)

TegostabTM B-8221, a silicone surfactant (no CAS No. identified)

Tris(2-chloropropylphosphate) (TCPP), a flame retardant (CAS No. 1067-98-7)

HFC-365mfc, a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) blowing agent (CAS No. 406-58-6)

The hazards and relative exposure potential of these example chemicals can be qualitatively assessed and compared to those of the Priority Products, although ideally such a comparison would involve the actual

chemicals found in the marketed product, as composition can change after the patent is filed.

Gaco/Firestone confirmed that Canary does not have an SDS. In order for Canary to be a commercial product, it must meet the requirements laid out in various state and local regulations and building standards

outlined in AC 377 (ICC-ES, 2018). The performance criteria outlined in AC 377 include thermal

6 Trade names are given in the patent, but not CAS Nos. Gradient attempted to identify CAS Nos. for the various ingredients, but was unable to assign CAS Nos. for some ingredients.

28


resistance (ASTM C177, ASTM C518, or ASTM C1363), core density (ASTM D1622), tensile strength

(ASTM D1623), dimensional stability (ASTM D2126); surface burning characteristic (IBC-ASTM E84 or UL 723), and compressive strength (ASTM D1621). While limited data on physical characteristics

(e.g., density) are available for Canary, complete performance data are not included in the patent. For

example, the patent lists R-values that the formulation "may" attain (but this is not supported by a publicly

available test report) (Trumbo, et al., 2016).

In addition, this formulation uses HFC-365mfc as a blowing agent, which was banned in California on

January 1, 2020, for high-pressure SPF products, and alternatives and will be banned in 2021 for low-pressure SPF products and alternatives (CARB, 2018). Changing to a new blowing agent (e.g., an HFO)

would likely require modifying the formulation and could affect product performance. Lastly, all potential

alternatives must conform to local VOC emission limits in California and the additional requirements laid out in the building standards outlined in Section 3.6. Recently, Firestone confirmed to Gradient that Canary

is not currently commercialized. Overall, Canary is not a viable alternative formulation for the Priority

Products that can be further considered in this Abridged AA due to a lack of commercialization, exposure

potential, and performance information, and because it is not a polyurethane product (see Section 4.3.1).

4.4.1.2 NanoSonic HybridSilTM

HybridSilTM is a two-component, closed-cell, non-isocyanate, silicon-based spray foam insulation that was

in part funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Small Business Innovation Research Program, in an effort to develop an alternative to SPF (NanoSonic Inc., 2012, 2013). According

to NanoSonic, HybridSil is air-tight and the same traditional SPF equipment can be used for applying

HybridSil (NanoSonic Inc., 2012). As of July 30, 2019, NanoSonic does not appear to have a patent for

HybridSil. The product is not listed on NanoSonic's website. Ultimately, no information is available on HybridSil's ingredients, exposure potential, and performance with which to assess whether this product will

serve as a viable alternative to the Priority Products. HybridSil is therefore not a viable alternative

formulation for the Priority Products that can be further considered in the Abridged AA due to a lack of commercialization, hazard, exposure potential, and performance information, and because it is not a

polyurethane product (see Section 4.3.1).

4.4.1.3 Hybrid Coatings Technology/Nanotech Industries Green PolyurethaneTM

A press release from 2014 stated that Hybrid Coatings Technologies had acquired a "hybrid non-isocyanate polyurethane (HNIPU)" spray foam technology from a organization called Nanotech Industries, Inc.

(Hybrid Coating Technologies Inc., 2014). The press release gave the name of the product as Green

PolyurethaneTM and claimed that this formulation has similar performance characteristics as an MDI-based spray foam, although no specifics on the chemical components of the formulation were identified in the

press release. In 2015, a US patent (Figovsky et al., 2015) granted to Nanotech Industries, Inc. (Patent No.

US 2015/0024138 A1) for this product indicates that the patented formulation has the following composition.7

Example A-side:

DER 331, a bisphenol A (BPA) epoxy resin (CAS No. 25085-99-8)

7 Trade names are given in the patent, but not CAS Nos. Gradient attempted to identify CAS Nos. for the various ingredients, but was unable to assign CAS Nos. for a few ingredients.

29


DC-1107 fluid, a silicone surfactant (CAS Nos. 63148-57-2, 68037-53-6, and 142-82-5)

DC-197, a silicone surfactant (undisclosed CAS No. and CAS No. 34590-94-8)

Example B-side:

Ancamine 2678, an aliphatic amine curing agent (no CAS No. identified)

DC-197, a silicone surfactant (undisclosed CAS No. and CAS 34590-94-8)

Undisclosed blowing agent

According to the patent, other potential A-side ingredients include acrylates or carbonates instead of the

epoxy, which could potentially contain renewable sources such as acrylated epoxidized soybean oil or

carbonized soybean oil. The patent also implies that a blowing agent (e.g., an HFC) was used, but the identity of the blowing agent is not provided. The formulation contains a California Candidate Chemical,

n-heptane (CAS No. 142-82-5) (CalDTSC, 2019c). In addition, BPA resin (CAS No. 25085-99-8) is made

with BPA (CAS No. 80-05-7), which is another California Candidate Chemical (CalDTSC, 2019c). The

Hybrid Coatings Technologies website gives no indication that this material has been moved towards the commercialization stage; no insulation products at all are mentioned on the company's website despite other

types of polyurethane products being mentioned. No SDS relating to this patent was located.

SPF and any alternative must meet the requirements laid out in various state and local regulations and the

building standards outlined in AC 377 (ICC-ES, 2018). The performance criteria outlined in AC 377

include thermal resistance (ASTM C177, ASTM C518, or ASTM C1363), core density (ASTM D1622), tensile strength (ASTM D1623), dimensional stability (ASTM D2126), surface burning characteristic (IBC-

ASTM E84 or UL 723), and compressive strength (ASTM D1621). Limited data on performance (e.g., R-

value, compressive strength, estimated curing time) are discussed in the patent for Green PolyurethaneTM,

but these data are not supported by testing results, and in most instances, the test performed is not stated. Other critical information is missing from the patent (e.g., flame spread resistance). In addition, all potential

alternatives must conform to local VOC emission limits in California and the additional requirements laid

out in the building standards outlined in Section 3.6. In summary, Green Polyurethane is not a viable alternative formulation for the Priority Products that can be further considered in the Abridged AA due to

a lack of commercialization, exposure potential, and performance information. It is also not clear that this

product is truly a polyurethane according to the general industry definition.

4.4.1.4 Owens Corning Formulation

In 2012, Owens Corning was granted a patent (No. US 2012/0183694 A1) for an open- and closed-cell,

non-isocyanate-based "polyurethane" spray foam "made by reacting cyclo carbonates and di- or

polyamines" (Olang, 2012). The patent further states that the formulation contains optional acrylate monomers or epoxy or acrylic resins, as well as rheology modifiers (modifying material flow) and blowing

agents. The patent notes that non-isocyanate-based urethanes typically have slow reactivity (which is an

issue because the foam needs to quickly form to support itself along the surface it has been applied to rather than slumping downwards), and in this formulation, the reactive acrylates are included to add additional

heat to speed the reaction. The temperature range of the applied foam ranges from 120-150°F, which is

greater than that typical for the Priority Products (i.e., typical ranges are from 125-130°F). Several

30


formulations are specified in the patent (Olang, 2012). The base formulation contains the following

compounds.8

Example A-side:

DER 331, a BPA epoxy resin (CAS No. 25085-99-8)

EponTM 8111, a multifunctional epoxy resin (CAS Nos. 25068-38-6 and 15625-89-5)

Sodium hydroxide (CAS No. 1310-73-2)

Example B-side:

Cycloate A, an aliphatic amine (CAS No. 1134-23-2)

Ancamine 2678, an aliphatic amine curing agent (no CAS No. identified)

EpikureTM 3271, an amine curing agent (CAS Nos. 111-40-0 and 80-05-7)

DC193, a polysiloxane surfactant (no CAS No. identified)

Dye (specific name not stated and no CAS No. identified)

Undisclosed blowing agent

Undisclosed flame retardant

As with the Green Polyurethane patent, the patent for the Owens Corning formulation implies that a blowing

agent (e.g., an HFC) and flame retardant were used, but the identities of these are not provided.

Modifications described in the patent include the addition of a clay-based flow modifier (Garamite-1958) or the use of a different blowing agent (i.e., hexafluorobutene). As with the Firestone/Gaco Canary

formulation, the information contained in the patent does not provide specific chemicals that would be used

in a marketed version of the formulation, creating uncertainty regarding the accuracy of the AA for this

material. No SDS relating to this patent was located. However, two chemicals in the example formulation provided in the patent are on the California Candidate Chemicals list (i.e., trimethylolpropane triacrylate,

CAS No. 15625-89-5, and sodium hydroxide, CAS No. 1310-73-2) (CalDTSC, 2019c). In addition, BPA

resin (CAS No. 25085-99-8) is made with BPA (CAS No. 80-05-7), which is another California Candidate Chemical (CalDTSC, 2019c). Additionally, an article discussing this formulation (Figovsky et al., 2013)

suggests that viscosity issues are significant challenges for using this technology in a sprayable product.

SPF and any alternative must meet the requirements laid out in various state and local regulations and the building standards outlined in AC 377. The performance criteria outlined in AC 377 include thermal

resistance (ASTM C177, ASTM C518, or ASTM C1363), core density (ASTM D1622), tensile strength

(ASTM D1623), dimensional stability (ASTM D2126), surface burning characteristic (IBC-ASTM E84 or UL 723), and compressive strength (ASTM D1621). Limited data on the formulation's performance (e.g.,

R-value range, estimated curing time) are discussed in this patent (but are not supported by provided test

results); other critical product information is missing (e.g., anticipated density, compressive strength, flame spread resistance). In addition, all potential alternatives must conform to local VOC emission limits in

California and the additional requirements laid out in the building standards outlined in Section 3.6. This

Owens Corning formulation is not a viable alternative for the Priority Products due to the lack of

performance and exposure information. In addition, a review of the Owens Corning website gives no


31


indication that this formulation has been moved towards the commercialization stage. Further, it is unclear

if this product would be considered a polyurethane foam according to the general industry definition.

4.4.1.5 DuPont Formulations

DuPont has two patents for non-isocyanate-based spray foam, one granted in 2013 (Patent No. WO

2013/101682 A1) and another in 2018 (Patent No. WO 2018/005142 A1) (Jin et al., 2013; Thomas et al.,

2018).

Patent No. WO 2013/101682 A1 (Jin et al., 2013)

The 2013 patent (Patent No. WO 2013/101682 A1) describes an alternative spray foam product produced via carbon-Michael chemistry rather than the polyurethane chemistry (Jin et al., 2013). A total of 15

potential formulations are listed in this patent, indicating a high degree of uncertainty in regards to a final

formulation. One of the flame retardants listed in the example formulation below is a California Candidate Chemical (i.e., TCPP, CAS No. 13674-84-5) (CalDTSC, 2019c). In addition, difunctional acrylate A, a

BPA epoxy diacrylate (CAS No. 55818-57-0) is made with BPA (CAS No. 80-05-7), which is another

California Candidate Chemical (CalDTSC, 2019c). This patent does include the following performance

information on some, but not all, of the example formulations: compressive strength according to ASTM D1621-10, open cell content according to ASTM D6226-10, density according to ASTM D-1622-03, and

flame spread index and smoke development index according to ASTM E84 and E84-12, respectively.

However, no information was available on tensile strength, dimensional stability, or thermal resistance. This patent formulation also includes the use of blowing agents (HFC-245fa and -134a), which were banned

in California in 2020 for high-pressure SPF products and alternatives and will be banned in 2021 for low-

pressure SPF products and alternatives (CARB, 2018). An example of a potential formulation is shown below.9

Example A-side:

Tetrafunctional acrylate (CAS No. 94108-97-1)

Difunctional acrylate A, a BPA epoxy diacrylate (CAS No. 55818-57-0)

TegostabTM B8469, a surfactant (no CAS No. identified)

HFC-245fa, blowing agent (CAS No. 460-73-1)

HFC-134a, blowing agent (CAS No. 811-97-2)

Example B-side:

Trimethylolpropane tris(acetoacetonate) (CAS No. 22208-25-9)

N,N,N',N'-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) (CAS No. 80-70-6)

Tri(2-chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP), a flame retardant (CAS No. 13674-84-5)

Triethyl phosphate (TEP) (CAS No. 78-40-0)

TegostabTM B8469, a surfactant (no CAS No. identified)


32


HFC-245fa, blowing agent (CAS No. 460-73-1)

HFC-134a, blowing agent (CAS No. 811-97-2)

Patent No. WO 2018/005142 A1 (Thomas et al., 2018)

The 2018 patent (Patent No. WO 2018/005142 A1) (Thomas et al., 2018) describes an improved and hydrolytically stable biodegradation polyol-based "isocyanate-free polyurethane foam" compared to the

Dow 2015 patent (Patent No. WO 2015/142564 A1; Foley et al., 2015), which is discussed in Section 4.4.6.

The A-side MDI equivalent is a polycarbamate, similar to the 2015 patent. Alkali metal oxides (magnesium

oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide) are added to increase resistance to hydrolysis. The patent mentions a wide range of classes of possible acid catalysts and several possible HFC blowing agents. The

patent also indicates that a flame retardant, "such as any of those used in polyurethane," can be used in the

product formulation. No performance data are provided in the patent. While the patent seems to be focused on methods for producing the foam and ingredients, no clear formulations were given. An example of a

potential formulation is shown below.10

Example A-side:

Polycarbamate 2 (no CAS No. identified)

Tetrabromophthalate diol (TBPD) (CAS No. 77098-07-8)


Silicone polyether copolymer surfactant (no CAS No. identified)

P-toluenesulfonic acid, a catalyst (CAS No. 6192-52-5)

Example B-side:

1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxaldehyde (CHDA) (CAS Nos. 55309-54-1 and 33424-83-8)

Magnesium oxide (CAS No. 1309-48-4)

Undisclosed catalyst ("Lewis acids" or "protic acids")

HFC-245fa, a blowing agent (CAS No. 460-73-1)

As with all of the previous patent formulations, the two DuPont patents reference hundreds of possible

ingredient combinations and do not provide specific chemicals that would be used in a marketed version of the formulations, creating uncertainty regarding the accuracy of the AA for this material. DuPont confirmed

that no SDS is available for either patent.

SPF and any alternative must meet the requirements laid out in various state and local regulations and the building standards outlined in AC 377 (ICC-ES, 2018). The performance criteria outlined in AC 377

include thermal resistance (ASTM C177, ASTM C518, or ASTM C1363), core density (ASTM D1622),

tensile strength (ASTM D1623), dimensional stability (ASTM D2126), surface burning characteristic (IBC-ASTM E84 or UL 723), and compressive strength (ASTM D1621). According to DuPont, these

formulations are not viable alternatives for the Priority Products given the lack of data on the full suite of

required abovementioned performance data and shelf-stability issues. In addition, these formulations lack


33


exposure information and rely on blowing agents that were banned in California on January 1, 2020, for

high-pressure SPF products and alternatives, and will be banned in 2021 for low-pressure SPF products and alternatives (CARB, 2018). DuPont's 2013 patent (Jin et al., 2013) also describe a non-polyurethane-based

foam and therefore does not meet the scope of a potential alternative as described in Section 4.3.1. While

DuPont's 2018 patent (Thomas et al., 2018) describes an "isocyanate-free polyurethane foam," it is unclear

if this product would be considered a polyurethane foam according to the general industry definition. Lastly, DuPont has indicated that these formulations are not yet commercially available.

4.4.1.6 Dow Formulation

In 2015, Dow was granted a patent (Patent No. WO 2015/142564 A1) for non-isocyanate-based, biodegradable, and water-soluble polyol-based foam (Foley et al., 2015). This foam is subject to hydrolysis

and can lose up to 24% weight in tests. A water-soluble alternative formulation is problematic, because

current SPFs provide moisture resistance and structural support, and any viable alternative would need to provide similar functionality. The A-side MDI equivalent is stated to be a polycarbamate. The patent

describes multiple potential A- and B-side ingredients. Information on density, compressive strength, and

open cell content is provided for one potential formulation, but not others. An example of a potential

formulation is shown below:11

Example A-side:

Polycarbamate (no CAS No. identified)


Niax L5340, a silicone surfactant (no CAS No. identified)

Example B-side:

CHDA (CAS No. 2043-61-0)

Tetrabromophthalate diol (PHT4 Diol), a flame retardant (CAS No. 77098-07-8)


Niax L5340, a silicone surfactant (no CAS No. identified)

As with all of the previous patent formulations, the Dow patent describes multiple example formulations

and does not provide specific chemicals that would be used in a marketed version of the formulations, thus

creating uncertainty regarding the accuracy of the AA for this material. Dow confirmed that no SDS is available for this patent.

SPF and any alternative must meet the requirements laid out in various state and local regulations and building standards outlined in AC 377 (ICC-ES, 2018). The performance criteria outlined in AC 377

include thermal resistance (ASTM C177, ASTM C518, or ASTM C1363), core density (ASTM D1622),

tensile strength (ASTM D1623), dimensional stability (ASTM D2126); surface burning characteristic (IBC-ASTM E84 or UL 723); and compressive strength (ASTM D1621). The Dow formulation is not a viable

alternative for the Priority Products due to the lack of exposure information and the full suite of required

abovementioned performance data. In addition, this patent describes a water-soluble foam that can lose up


34


to 24% weight in tests, which is problematic because any viable alternative would need to provide similar

moisture resistance and structural support compared to that of the Priority Product. Lastly, this product is not a polyurethane and the patent holder has indicated that these formulations are not yet commercially

available.

4.4.2 Lower MDI Exposure Approaches

Through the various searches outlined above in Section 4.4, a number of potential lower MDI exposure approaches compared to the Priority Products were identified. These approaches still use unreacted MDI

and are Priority Products. They include:

1. Firestone/Gaco Profill SystemTM,

2. HVLP, and

3. BASF patents (two).

As discussed in Section 4.3.2, the REs maintain that these products or potential approaches are themselves

Priority Products and therefore cannot be considered viable alternatives under the SCP program.

Additionally, CalDTSC has previously rejected engineering controls to reduce exposure to MDI during application as an alternative solution to the AA process (Lee, 2015). However, for completeness, the AA

includes a discussion of these lower-exposure approaches.

4.4.2.1 Firestone/Gaco Profill SystemTM

Firestone/Gaco has a Priority Product, Profill SystemTM, which reduces applicators' exposure to unreacted

MDI by installing the spray foam behind plastic membranes or aluminum channels (Gaco Western, 2018);

however, use of the system still requires full PPE in case of mishaps. The Profill System encompasses

three different products, GacoProWeb, GacoProFilm, and GacoProCap System, that use open-mesh polypropylene membrane, continuous fiber-reinforced polyethylene film, and removable aluminum

channels, respectively (Gaco Western, 2018). Compared to traditional SPF, less trimming is required for

Profill System products, because workers are injecting SPF behind membrane, film, or aluminum channels. However, trimming would be necessary when user error occurs. In addition, additional preparation time is

required to install the membranes or channels prior to SPF application. The Profill System formulation also

contains several California Candidate Chemicals, including MDI (CAS No. 101-68-8), pMDI (CAS No. 9016-87-9), and ethoxylated nonylphenols (CAS No. 127087-87-0) (CalDTSC, 2019c; Gaco Western,

2017b).

Workers that use the Profill System should follow the same guidelines used with all SPF insulation products. Under OSHA, SPF contractors are legally required to provide safe work conditions for all

employees (ACC, 2016a). Guidelines and training for indoor application of high-pressure SPF include

several steps to help ensure worker safety, including engineering controls, such as workplace containment and ventilation design, followed by appropriate work practice (e.g., site preparation, appropriate chemical

storage and handling, communications with occupants and other workers), and lastly, appropriate PPE

(ACC, 2016b). For ventilation, SPF applicators should assess the space and implement work zone

mechanical ventilation during and after SPF application, such as by using a combination of both supplied air and active exhaust ventilation systems. A supplied air system pumps in fresh air while an active exhaust

system creates a slight negative pressure via exhaust fans to funnel air flow (i.e., unwanted chemicals) from

the work zone to a designated location outside the building and away from occupants and workers (ACC, 2016a).

35


Under the conditions described above, MDI cannot be detected when applying standard low-density high-pressure SPF (Table 4.1, Wood, 2014). Unfortunately, no comparable data exist for ProFill Systems with

ventilation. Comparative exposure data are available for application without ventilation (i.e., closed

windows and no fans, an atypical situation). In a single study with no ventilation, which is not

recommended for the application of traditional SPF or the ProFill System, exposure to MDI was lower with Firestone/Gaco ProFilm and ProWeb products compared to standard low-density high-pressure SPF (Table

4.1; Nelson, 2015; Wood, 2014).

It is the REs' position that the Profill System does not meet the regulatory definition of a viable alternative

in this Abridged AA, because the Profill System is a Priority Product itself, using the chemical of concern

(i.e., unreacted MDI), and still requires that workers wear PPE. See Section 4.3.2 for more information.

36


Table 4.1 Exposure Information on Firestone/Gaco Priority Product, Profill SystemTM, Compared to Generic Low-density High-pressure SPF

Study Details

Exposure Measurements After Application with Ventilation (Industry Standard)

Exposure Measurements During Application without Ventilation

Generic Low-density (1/2 lb) High-pressure SPF1

Firestone/Gaco GacoProFill –

Polyol Component B SPF

Generic Low-density (1/2 lb) High-pressure SPF

Firestone/Gaco GacoProFill –

Polyol Component B SPF

4,4-MDI (CAS No. 101-68-8) (ppm)

Not detected (detection limit range: 0.00014-0.00016 ppm)

No data 0.3000 0.0076 (ProFilm) 0.0010 (ProWeb)

TCPP (CAS No. 13674-84-5) (ppm)

0.0016 (1 hr), 0.0022 (2 hrs), 0.0018 (4 hrs), 0.0024 8 hrs),

and 0.0021 (12 hrs)

No data 0.070 0.011 (ProFilm) 0.013 (ProWeb)

BDMAEE Amine (CAS No. 3033-62-3) (ppm)

0.065 (1 hr), 0.055 (2 hrs), 0.073 (4 hrs), 0.094 (8 hrs),

0.081 (12 hrs)

No data 0.14 Not detected, Detection limit not

disclosed

TMIBPA (CAS No. 6711-48-4) or TMAEEA Amine (CAS No. 2212-32-0) (ppm)

Not detected at 1, 2, 4, 8 hrs (detection limit range:

0.015 to 0.17); 0.017 (12 hrs)

No data Not assessed in study Not assessed in study

Study-specific Air Sampling Timeframe

1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hrs after application

No data During spray application only During spray application only

Study-specific Ventilation 10 ACH at 1 and 2 hrs after application; 2.1 ACH at 3, 4,

8, and 12 hrs after application

No data No fans and closed windows No fans and closed windows

Notes: 4,4'-MDI = 4,4'-Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; ACH = Air Changes Per Hour; CAS No. = Chemical Abstracts Service Registration Number; BDMAEE = Bis(2-Dimethylaminoethyl) Ether; Hr = Hour; ppm = Part Per Million; TCPP = Tris(2-chloropropylphosphate); TMAEEA = N,N,N-Trimethylamino Ethylethanolamine; TMIBPA = Tetramethyliminobispropylamine; SPF = Spray Polyurethane Foam. Sources: Nelson (2015); Wood (2014). (1) Values reported are maximum from two tests.

37


4.4.2.2 High Volume Low Pressure (HVLP) Systems

A number of manufacturers have publicized HVLP systems. These products are still low-pressure SPF, but

use specialized equipment that allow for higher volumes of foam to be applied. The products still require PPE to be worn (SFS, 2020).

For example, according to a 2020 article in Spray Foam Magazine, Spray Foam Systems' (SFS) Nitrosys

products can offer high-volume outputs using a low-pressure system via a patented process called air nucleated static mixing and reduce re-occupancy time and PPE requirements (SFS, 2020). We identified a

patent for this product (Patent No. US 0104709; Peters, 2018), but it only covers the mechanical features

of the system and gives no information on performance, formulations in which the product has been tested, or relative exposure potential. Nitrosys can be purchased and used as a standalone system or fitted onto a

cart or Nitrosys spray rigs (SFS, 2020). Some product lines can use traditional SPF chemistry, whereas

some cannot (e.g., HVLP) (SFS, 2020). While the Spray Foam Magazine article notes lower exposure to MDI, the Nitrosys system still requires applicators to wear PPE such as a full face mask, cartridge respirator,

Tyvek suit, and gloves (SFS, 2020). The Nitrosys/ICP HandiFoam® HVLP MD 2.0 formulation also

contains several California Candidate Chemicals, including MDI (CAS No. 101-68-8), pMDI (CAS No. 9016-87-9), generic MDI (CAS No. 26447-40-5), and Stoddard solvent (CAS No. 8052-41-3) (CalDTSC,

2019c; ICP Building Solutions Group, 2019a,b). It is the REs' position that HVLP products do not meet the regulatory definition of a viable alternative in

this Abridged AA, because HVLP products are Priority Products using the chemical of concern (i.e.,

unreacted MDI). Additionally, low-pressure SPF is specifically included in 22 CCR Chapter 55 §69511.2.

See Section 4.3.2 for more information.

4.4.2.3 BASF Patents

BASF has two patents for lower exposure to unreacted MDI approaches, one granted in 2017 (Patent No.

9592516 B2) and another in 2019 (Patent No. WO 2019/089237 A1) (Wishneski et al., 2017, 2019).

Patent No. 9592516 B2 (Wishneski et al., 2017)

This patent describes a two-component polyisocyanate system that mixes the two components in a static

mixer prior to spraying using a non-gaseous pump and a "particular" spray nozzle (Patent No. 9592516 B2; Wishneski et al., 2017). The patent describes a spray nozzle that uses the exact same process as traditional

low-pressure SPF (i.e., liquid chemicals are polymerized prior to leaving the SPF application gun in a static

mixer). The patent primarily describes the mechanical configuration of the equipment and does not include information on the performance of the sprayed material. The patent describes the possible composition of

the A- and B-sides (in very broad terms), which is very similar to the standard SPF formation (i.e., MDI,

polyester polyols, flame retardants, amine catalysts, surfactants, HFC blowing agents). According to the patent, limited tests of this system (i.e., sprayed against a cardboard surface) indicate an approximate 50%

reduction in air concentrations of "polyisocyanate," presumably MDI, measured 2.5 and 10 ft from the

cardboard surface after 15 minutes of spraying (Wishneski et al., 2017). The air concentrations measured

using this system were 23.3 parts per billion (ppb) at 2.5 ft from the surface (vs. 59 ppb for a typical application system) and 4.17 ppb at 10 ft from the cardboard surface (vs. 7 ppb for a typical application

system). Note that the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold

Limit Value (TLV) for MDI averaged over an 8-hour period is 0.005 parts per million (ppm) or 5 ppb (ACGIH, 2019), so MDI concentrations at 2.5 ft still exceeded the TLV and those at 10 ft were still below

38


the TLV (with the important caveat that the test was not conducted in an actual job site and the

concentrations were measured after only a 15-minute application time).

According to BASF, the equipment mentioned in this patent is commercially available for professional use

as AutoFroth®. AutoFroth® equipment is primarily used for insulation applied in a factory (e.g., during

refrigerator or freezer manufacture). The equipment used to apply the foam is heavy and difficult to move. Additionally, the gun is generally mounted to other equipment to assist with moving. These limitations do

not make it an ideal product for field application, because applicators typically hold the spray gun for

extended periods of time. According to BASF, AutoFroth® has not been used as insulation for commercial and residential walls, basements, and roofs to date and more research is needed in order to adapt said

technology for these purposes. Additionally, this formulation contains at least one California Candidate

Chemical (i.e., MDI, CAS No. 101-68-8) (CalDTSC, 2019c).

It is the REs' position that the technology described in this patent is not considered a viable alternative in

this Abridged AA because it uses the chemical of concern (i.e., unreacted MDI) and would be a Priority

Product if used as insulation for commercial and residential walls, basements, and roofs. See Section 4.3.2 for more information.

Patent No. WO 2019/089237 A1 (Wishneski et al., 2019) This patent describes a two-component polyisocyanate system that mixes the unreacted MDI and hydroxyl

functional polymer along with flame retardants, amines, silicone surfactant, catalysts, and blowing agents

that minimizes MDI exposure based on the formulation chemistry (Patent No. WO 2019/089237 A1; Wishneski et al., 2019). The patent focuses on the viscosity of the agents and appears directed at

minimizing the amount of MDI monomer while still maintaining the viscosity of the reactants in a range

that supports application. However, the patent's formulation language is quite broad, e.g., the viscosity of

the MDI component is stated to range from 100 to 8,000 centipoise (cP), and the monomeric MDI content of the pMDI is stated to range from 10 to 90% by weight. The patent also describes an applicator system

that pre-mixes the components prior to discharge at lower pressure. The patent claims that the system

results in MDI emissions less than 50 ppb of MDI (in fact as low as 1 ppb). While only limited details are provided, the testing appears to be similar to the 2017 patent, in which the emission was measured in a 15-

minute application on cardboard and not in a SPF field test (Wishneski et al., 2019). No final product

performance data are described in the patent.

According to BASF, the technology described in this patent is not commercially available and no SDS is

available. This formulation also contains at least one California Candidate Chemical (i.e., MDI, CAS No.

101-68-8) (CalDTSC, 2019c). Ultimately, the technology described in this patent is not considered a viable alternative in this Abridged AA because it is not commercially available, uses the chemical of

concern (i.e., unreacted MDI) and would be a Priority Product if commercially available. The REs

maintain that a Priority Product cannot be considered a safer alternative to another Priority Product. See Section 4.3.2 for more information.

39


4.4.3 Conclusions Regarding Possible Alternative Formulations and Lower MDI Exposure Approaches

It is the REs' position that none of the identified alternative formulations or lower MDI exposure approaches

are viable alternatives according to the California SCP program's definition. Either the products are not polyurethane foam or are already Priority Products. Additionally, most do not have sufficient data available

or are not sufficiently advanced to support further evaluation in this AA. See Table 4.2 for a summary of

this analysis. It is important to note that the simple existence of a patented technology should not imply

commercial viability. Instead, the patents show the ongoing and continuous effort on the part of the RE community to find innovations in the marketplace.

Because the California SCP regulations require that, even in the case of an Abridged AA, a comparison of possible alternatives to the Priority Product(s) be performed to determine the factors that are relevant for

evaluating the Priority Product(s), presumably in the context of any future research or evaluation

(CalDTSC, 2013), the relevant factors are discussed in Section 4.5.

Because open- and closed-cell SPFs are all currently pMDI-based and typically share similar manufacturing

equipment, a viable alternative would optimally replace unreacted MDI in all four Priority Product types

(i.e., low-pressure, high-pressure 0.5-, 2.0-, and 3-lb SPF). This does not appear to be the case. For example, while Canary could possibly be an alternative high-pressure 2.0- and 3.0-lb SPF if it can be

successfully tested and commercialized, it is not an alternative for high-pressure 0.5-lb or low-pressure

Priority Products. Having an alternative for only certain types of the Priority Products could adversely complicate product production, requiring additional production facilities (i.e., more land use) and greater

raw material transportation. It could also complicate worker training, as all spray foam workers currently

only need to receive training regarding the proper use of a single type of material.

40


Table 4.2 Summary of Analysis of Alternative Formulations and Lower MDI Exposure Approaches

Potential Alternative Composition Functional Feasibility

Technical Feasibility

Economic Feasibility

Viable Alternative?

Non-MDI-based Formulations

Firestone/Gaco Canary™

A-side: Acetoacetates and tin catalyst B-side: Multifunctional amines

Not known Not known Not known No. Not commercially available, still under development, so details on formulation and performance subject to change. Manufacturer confirmed no SDS is available. Not a polyurethane product. Limited application and would likely only replace SPF Group 3 or 4.

NanoSonic HybridSil™ Silicon-based, but no data on exact composition

Not known Not known Not known No. Not commercially available. No information on composition, performance, or exposure. Not a polyurethane product. Unclear if formulation can replace all four SPF Groups.

Hybrid Coatings Tech/ NanoTech Green Polyurethane™

A-side: BPA resin and silicone surfactant B-side: Amines and silicone surfactant

Not known Not known Not known No. Not commercially available. No information on company website. No information on final composition, performance, or exposure. Contains a California Candidate Chemical, n-heptane (CAS No. 142-82-5). In addition, BPA resin (CAS No. 25085-99-8) is made with BPA (CAS No. 80-05-7), which is another California Candidate Chemical. Not a polyurethane product. Unclear if formulation can replace all four SPF Groups.

41





Viable Alternative?

Owens Corning Formulation

A-side: BPA epoxy resins and sodium hydroxide B-side: Cyclo carbonates and di- or polyamines and HFC-245a

Not known Not known Not known No. Not commercially available. Development status uncertain. No information on company website. No information on final composition, performance, or exposure. However, example formulation in patent reports two California Candidate Chemicals (i.e., trimethylolpropane triacrylate, CAS No. 15625-89-5, and sodium hydroxide, CAS No. 1310-73-2. In addition, BPA resin (CAS No. 25085-99-8) is made with BPA (CAS No. 80-05-7), which is another California Candidate Chemical. Contains blowing agents that are banned in California. Not a polyurethane product. Unclear if formulation can replace all four SPF Groups.

DuPont Formulation Patent No. WO 2013/101682 A1

A-side: BPA epoxy acrylate, surfactant, HFC-245fa, and HFC-134a B-side: Flame retardant, catalysts, surfactant, HFC-245fa, and HFC-134a

Not known Not known Not known No. Not commercially available. Development status uncertain. Manufacturer confirmed no SDS is available. No information on final composition, performance, or exposure. Like the generic SPF formulations, this patent's example formulation contains a California Candidate Chemical (i.e., TCPP, CAS No. 13674-84-5). In addition, difunctional acrylate A, a BPA epoxy diacrylate (CAS No. 55818-57-0) is made with BPA (CAS No. 80-05-7), which is another California Candidate Chemical. Contains blowing agents that are banned in California. Not a polyurethane product. Unclear if formulation can replace all four SPF Groups.

42





Viable Alternative?

DuPont Formulation Patent No. WO 2018/005142 A1

A-side: Polycarbamate, flame retardants, silicone surfactant, and catalyst B-side: CHDA, catalyst, magnesium oxide, and HFC-245fa

Not known Not known Not known No. Not commercially available. Development status uncertain. Manufacturer confirmed no SDS is available. No information on final composition, performance, or exposure. Contains blowing agents that are banned in California. Not a polyurethane product. Unclear if formulation can replace all four SPF Groups.

Dow Formulation Patent No. WO 2015/142564 A1

A-side: Polycarbamate, flame retardant, and silicone B-side: CHDA, flame retardant, and silicone surfactant

Not known Not known Not known No. Not commercially available. Development status uncertain. Manufacturer confirmed no SDS is available. No information on final composition, performance, or exposure. Not a polyurethane product. Unclear if formulation can replace all four SPF Groups.

Lower Exposure to MDI Approaches

Firestone/Gaco Profill SystemTM

A-side: MDI B-side:1 Polyol, ethyoxylated nonylphenol, amine catalysts

Yes Yes Unclear. May be more

expensive due to membrane or

channels.

No. REs believe that because this product uses the chemical of concern (i.e., unreacted MDI), it would be a Priority Product if commercially available, and Priority Products cannot be alternatives. Requires PPE. Formulation contains California Candidate Chemicals (i.e., MDI, CAS No. 101-68-8; pMDI, CAS No. 9016-87-9; and ethoxylated nonylphenols, CAS No. 127087-87-0).

HVLP Systems (e.g., Nitrosys/ICP HandiFoam HVLP MD 2.0)

A-side: MDI B-side: Flame retardant, HFC-245fa, diethylene glycol, amine catalyst

Yes Yes Yes No. REs believe that because this product uses the chemical of concern (i.e., unreacted MDI), it would be a Priority Product if commercially available, and Priority Products cannot be alternatives. Requires PPE. Formulation also contains several California Candidate Chemicals (i.e., MDI, CAS No. 101-68-8; pMDI, CAS No. 9016-87-9; generic MDI, CAS No. 26447-40-5; and Stoddard solvent, CAS No. 8052-41-3).

43





Viable Alternative?

BASF Patent No. 9592516 B2

A-side: MDI B-side: Polyester polyol, flame retardant, amine catalysts, surfactants, HFC blowing agents

Not known Not known Not known No. Currently not used as insulation for commercial and residential walls, basements, and roofs. More research is needed in order to adapt the technology for these purposes. REs believe that because this patent uses the chemical of concern (i.e., unreacted MDI), it would be a Priority Product if commercially available, and Priority Products cannot be alternatives. Formulation also contains several California Candidate Chemicals (i.e., MDI, CAS No. 101-68-8; pMDI, CAS No. 9016-87-9; and generic MDI, CAS No. 26447-40-5).

BASF Patent No. WO 2019/089237 A1

A-side: MDI B-side: Flame retardants, amines, silicone surfactant, catalysts, and blowing agents

Not known Not known Not known No. Not commercially available and still under development, so details on formulation, exposure, and performance are subject to change. REs believe that because this patent uses the chemical of concern (i.e., unreacted MDI), it would be a Priority Product if commercially available, and Priority Products cannot be alternatives. Also contains at least one California Candidate Chemicals (i.e., MDI, CAS No. 101-68-8). Manufacturer confirmed no SDS is available.

Notes: BPA = Bisphenol A; CAS No. = Chemical Abstracts Service Registration Number; CHDA = 1,3- and 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxaldehyde; HFC = Hydrofluorocarbon; HVLP = High Volume Low Pressure; MDI= Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; SDS=Safety Data Sheet; pMDI = Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; PPE=Personal Protective Equipment; RE = Responsible Entity; SDS = Safety Data Sheet; SPF = Spray Polyurethane Foam; TCPP = Tris(2-chloropropylphosphate). Sources: Bemis (2016); CalDTSC (2019c); Figovsky et al. (2015); Foley et al. (2015); Gaco Western (2017b, 2018); ICP Building Solutions Group (2019a,b); Jin et al. (2013); NanoSonic Inc. (2012); Olang (2012); Thomas et al. (2018); Trumbo et al. (2016); Wishneski et al. (2017, 2019). (1) While flame retardants and blowing agent are not listed on the Firestone/Gaco Profill System SDS, they are presumed to be part of the formulation but not listed on SDS, because the manufacturer considers them as non-hazardous according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS).

44


4.5 Relevant Factors

We have considered the possibly relevant factors listed in Tables 3-1A and 3-2B of the CalDTSC

"Alternatives Analysis Guide" (CalDTSC, 2017a) (which are consistent with those listed in the SCP

regulations, 22 CCR § 69505.5[c] [CalDTSC, 2013]). Our review occurred in several stages. For many factors (notably the various toxicities specified in the SCP regulations [CalDTSC, 2013]), we had to tabulate

data for the MDI functional replacement chemicals in the A-side of the alternative formulations to

understand if these factors differed materially among the evaluated products (the results of the data tabulation are discussed in Section 5). Based on our current knowledge of the properties of the different

alternatives to the Priority Products we have identified, we have determined which factors are materially

different between the Priority Products and any alternatives such that it would inform the conclusion of the

Stage 1 AA. The conclusions we have reached in this regard are provided in Table 4.3.

4.6 Relevant Exposure Pathways

We have considered the exposure pathway-related factors listed in Table 3-2C of the CalDTSC "Alternative

Analysis Guide" (CalDTSC, 2017a) (which are consistent with those listed in the SCP regulations, 22 CCR

§ 69505.5[c][3] [CalDTSC, 2013]). Based on our current knowledge of the properties of the different alternatives we have identified, we have determined which exposure pathway-related factors are materially

different between the Priority Products and any alternatives such that it would inform the decision

conclusion of the Stage 1 AA. The conclusions in this regard we have reached are described in Table 4.4.

The SCP regulations also require information on product use (duration, frequency) as well as the volume

of sales in California. With regards to use of the product, SPF application time is highly dependent on the size of the area to be insulated. According to the REs, typically, SPF installation for an attic would take

less than a day while installation for a newly constructed whole house could take one to two days; large

houses or commercial buildings would take longer, up to a week or more. Spot filling of cracks and voids

(an application for low-pressure foam often called weatherization) could take minutes. Concerning volume of use (or sales) in California, Gradient and the REs queried online sources (search on "spray foam," "sales"

or "volume," and "California"). We determined that these data are not available for the Priority Products.

4.6.1 Conceptual Model for Product Life Cycle

In terms of the Priority Products, across the various life cycle stages (e.g., manufacturing, processing,

distribution, industrial use, commercial use, disposal), exposure to unreacted MDI (or its replacement) for

applicators, other workers or residents via inhalation routes and/or dermal routes is possible. The reaction

of MDI with polyols is known to be very fast such that MDI emissions from SPF decline very rapidly with time (and are accounted for in manufacturers' recommended re-entry and re-occupancy times). So for MDI

foams, exposures to workers (not wearing PPE) would be the primary concern. Exposure concern for

workers applying high-pressure SPF products is primarily related to inhalation of MDI vapors (due to MDI being heated to approximately 120°F during application of the product) and overspray mist (both an

inhalation and dermal contact concern). For alternatives that may not cure as quickly, exposures for both

workers and residents could be a concern, although this could be accounted for in requiring PPE and longer recommended re-entry and re-occupancy times.

Figure 4.1 shows the conceptual model for the life cycle of the Priority Products. Exposure is expected to

be low if PPE is worn. For those not wearing the required PPE, inhalation exposures to vapor are considered the most likely exposure route due to the physical and chemical properties of MDI and SPF (e.g., a

semivolatile chemical involved in exothermic curing reactions). Inhalation exposure potential is decreased

45


for low-pressure SPF products, because the SPF is not aerosolized and begins to polymerize prior to leaving

the spray gun. However, there is also potential for dermal exposures in various worker scenarios, assuming individuals do not wear appropriate PPE as required by law and stipulated by the manufacturers. Dermal

exposures would be concurrent with inhalation exposures. Oral exposures via transfer of MDI from hand

to mouth is expected to be negligible due to PPE and good work practices. Worker hand contact with foam

will be most common during the trimming stage, at which point the foam is largely cured and unreacted MDI is no longer available for volatilization. The potential for exposure during application is expected to

be similar for any alternative formulation, as the ingredients have to be quickly reactive (i.e., exhibit high

reactivity under exothermic conditions) in order to form an effective foam. It would be important to understand the hazards of alternative formulations in the context of PPE; workers applying the Priority

Products are required to wear PPE, and if alternatives are also highly reactive and volatile, one might expect

PPE to be required in these cases as well. Thus, this critical question regarding potential worker exposure requires an understanding of the relative chemical hazard of the Priority Products and the possible

alternatives. As discussed in Section 4.5, information on this topic is not entirely reliable in the current

situation. Waste handling, treatment, and disposal of the SPF (e.g., trimmed excess material) are expected to be of

minimal concern, as the MDI is fully reacted by this stage of the product life cycle. There may be residual,

unsprayed material in the drum that could be a source of dermal exposure, but MDI is relatively non-volatile,12 so inhalation exposure to residual material in a drum would be limited. These types of exposures

would be expected to be similar for the alternative formulations, although this is not certain based on the

available patent information. For example, if alternative formulations cure more slowly, there may be more exposure in the trimming stage; this cannot be evaluated with the available information.

12 MDI has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.75E-5 (mm mercury [Hg] at 25°C), according to EPI Suite (US EPA, 2019a).

46


Figure 4.1 Conceptual Exposure Model. (1) Includes monomer (MDI or other), amines, catalysts, flame retardants, surfactants.

47


4.7 Life Cycle Segments

Consistent with the screening-level nature of the Stage 1 AA, we approached life cycle considerations from

the perspective of what is readily known or understood about the alternatives without engaging in extensive

analysis. A Stage 2 AA would involve a more detailed effort at substantiating and potentially quantifying life cycle differences among the different products under review.

4.7.1 Raw Materials Extraction

To understand the potential impacts of raw materials extraction, it is necessary to understand how the chemical components of the Priority Products and the potential alternatives are produced. MDI is produced

via reaction of aniline with formaldehyde to produce methylene dianiline, which is in turn reacted with

phosgene to produce MDI (ACC, 2019a). Aniline is obtained via nitrosation of benzene with subsequent

hydrogenation (NLM, 2018a). The benzene can be expected to be derived from fossil fuel sources. Formaldehyde is produced via catalytic oxidation of methanol, which is itself typically derived from

synthesis gas (syngas), which is produced from fossil fuel sources (NLM, 2015; GSTC, 2019). Thus, the

MDI portion of SPF is derived largely from fossil fuel sources. Portions of the B-side components (notably the polyols) of the Priority Products can be derived from recycled and renewable content (Hardcastle, 2014).

The A-side components of a number of the alternative formulations variously contain acrylates,

polycarbamates, or BPA resins. Most of these chemicals are also synthesized from fossil fuel precursors.

For example, BPA is produced by reaction of acetone with phenol (NLM, 2018b) and phenol itself is variously produced from benzene, toluene or cumene (NLM, 2003) all of which are derived from

petrochemical sources. Similarly, acrylic acid is formed via reactions with propylene-, ethylene-, or other

fossil fuel-based (typically natural gas) starting materials (NLM, 2018c). No information could be found regarding the raw materials involved in production of NanoSonic HybridSil (because the specific

ingredients of this formulation are unknown). Likewise, no information could be found regarding the base

materials used in production of the acetoacetates found in the Firestone/Gaco Canary product (i.e., via online searches for "acetoacetate," "production," or "manufacturing").13

There is no expectation that raw materials extraction impacts would differ substantially between the Priority

Products and the alternative formulations. Based on the available information, they appear to be based on synthetic chemicals, primarily derived from petroleum-based feedstocks. On the B-side, some Priority

Products have polyols obtained from renewable materials and it is not clear if this would be the case for the

alternative formulations. Other B-side ingredients are similar between the Priority Products and possible alternative formulations, such as silicone surfactants, flame retardants, and catalysts. The catalysts in most

of the alternative formulations are amines (as with the Priority Products), the Firestone/Gaco Canary

formulation uses a tin catalyst (other details about the catalysts used in this product are not specified) and the specific ingredients in NanoSonic's HybridSil are unknown. Based on available information, none of

the A-side alternatives are based on recycled inputs, so all of them will involve a qualitatively similar level

of impact from raw materials extraction. It must be stressed that the information about the alternative

formulations is tentative. Even so, it does not appear that material differences in raw materials extraction impacts would be expected to occur. While a more detailed exploration of relative raw materials extraction

impacts could be undertaken, this would require knowing the definitive identities of the chemicals involved

and would likely involve substantial effort. Given that none of the alternative formulations are in fact credible alternatives, as discussed in Section 4.4.7, engaging in such an effort would be unwarranted.

13 A European Union Risk Assessment Report for ethyl acetoacetate (which is a simpler molecule than the molecules used in the Canary product) indicates the chemical is produced via addition of ethanol to diketene (EC, 2002). It is not clear if an analogous process would be involved in the Canary ingredients, but does suggest a synthetic chemical basis.

48


4.7.2 Resource Inputs and Other Resource Consumption

SPFA previously conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) of polyurethane-based SPF insulation (thinkstep,

2018). This LCA characterizes resource inputs such as energy, water, and other material requirements associated with SPF. No equivalent LCA or similar document was identified for the potential alternatives

(i.e., via online searches), which is not surprising given that these products appear to still be in the

development stage (or potentially no longer under development). As noted above, MDI and the MDI-

equivalent chemicals in the alternative formulations are based on synthetic chemicals that are likely produced from petroleum-based feedstocks, and thus, the energy required for petroleum (or natural gas)

production and processing for each product would be expected to be similar. This life cycle stage is

therefore considered not relevant to evaluation of the alternatives.

4.7.3 Intermediate Materials Processes

Chemical ingredients for the Priority Products and the possible alternatives are produced from raw materials

(e.g., petroleum or natural gas). As discussed above, synthesis of the Priority Products' and the potential

alternatives' ingredients often involves multiple synthetic stages. Given the very limited information available about the specific ingredients in the potential alternatives, understanding the full synthetic

pathway for most of the alternative formulations is not possible. There is therefore insufficient data to

address this question and this life cycle stage may therefore potentially be relevant.

4.7.4 Manufacture

As noted above, MDI is typically produced by the reaction of aniline and formaldehyde to produce aromatic

diamines, which are subsequently reacted with phosgene to yield a mixture of MDI substances. Specific MDI substances are isolated from this technical mixture via fractional distillation. As described above,

chemicals in all the identified possible alternative formulations to the Priority Products also appear to be

produced industrially from chemical feedstocks and would be produced in facilities that must adhere to

occupational exposure standards. This suggests that there is, at least qualitatively, no material difference among the alternatives; however, there is insufficient data to address this question and this life cycle stage

may therefore potentially be relevant.

4.7.5 Packaging

There appears to be no evidence of any material difference between the Priority Products and the various

alternatives in terms of the type of packaging that would be used for them, although none of the alternative

formulations are yet commercialized so this is uncertain. All of the proposed alternative formulations

consist of two "sides" that must be combined in order to produce spray foam. Several of the patents describe an advantage of the formulation being that existing application equipment can be used, which implies

similar pressures and therefore the need for similar containers. All versions of the Priority Products are

typically sold in metal cylinders of different sizes. According to the REs, high-pressure SPF products are typically sold in 55-gallon drums for use in special equipment (i.e., spray rig trucks), while low-pressure

SPF products are sold in smaller two-cylinder kits, which include the application equipment. There is no

expectation that an alternative formulation for the Priority Products would require either more or less packaging than the Priority Products. This life cycle stage is therefore considered not relevant to evaluation

of the alternatives.

49


4.7.6 Transportation/Distribution

The LCA commissioned by SPFA (thinkstep, 2018) described the transportation impacts associated with

SPF. No equivalent LCA (or similar analysis) was located for the alternative formulations, which is again not surprising, given that these products appear to still be in the development stage (or potentially no longer

under development). Product-level information on the Priority Products indicates that they are not

considered to be "Dangerous Goods" by the United States Department of Transportation (US DOT).

However, similar product-level information is not available for the alternative formulations. While product-level information would eclipse ingredient-level information, all of the alternative products contain at least

one chemical that would be classified as a "Dangerous Good" under US DOT regulations (US DOT, 2019).

Based on their understanding of the industry, the REs would expect that these would be similar between the Priority Products and the possible alternative formulations, but data are not available to make a

definitive determination. In addition, there are no data in the patents indicating that the alternative

formulations offer substantially higher efficacy at a reduced weight/volume or eliminate a transportation step in the supply chain. Given the uncertain nature of the information on product composition for some

alternative formulations, this life cycle stage may potentially be relevant.

4.7.7 Use/Application

Use is one area in which the potential alternatives could significantly differ from the Priority Products. As noted above, the rate of curing and the volatility of unreacted MDI or alternative chemistry could impact

the exposures to applicators, other workers, and residents, although these could be addressed by re-entry

and re-occupancy times. A ventilated exposure study conducted by CPI (Wood, 2014) reported that MDI was undetectable (detection limit: 0.00014-0.00016 parts per million [ppm]) in the air space of an 8-ft3

room after application of a generic formulation SPF within 1 hour after application (the earliest time

measured post-application). It is unclear if the same would apply to alternative formulations that have not

been studied. Presumably, any viable alternative could not have a significantly longer cure time, because this would adversely impact construction schedules. Similarly, it is expected that all alternative

formulations would use the same application equipment as the Priority Products, but we can assume that

these (or the Priority Products) could be redesigned to use equipment that minimizes exposure. Such design work would typically be done when products are closer to commercialization. It is also the case that some

of alternative formulations pose different hazards relative to the Priority Product(s), and these particular

hazards may therefore be relevant factors for the use and application phase. However, as noted earlier, specifics on these formulations comes from patents and is not definitive; thus, the relevance cannot be

determined with certainty.

4.7.8 Operation and Maintenance

This factor is not relevant to this Abridged AA, as the Priority Products are applied and then passively provide insulation without the need for maintenance. SPF used in roofing applications may need to be

renewed with a new coating 10 to 15 years after first installation (Schenke, 2014). However, the coating is

applied without impacting the roofing material and would not involve unique maintenance factors that would make this stage of the life cycle a relevant concern.

4.7.9 Waste Generation and Management

As all the alternative formulations for the Priority Products are also based on chemicals that have hazardous

properties (various degrees of toxicity and/or corrosivity), waste management requirements should not

50


differ materially between the alternatives and the Priority Products. We have found no indication that

production of the potential alternatives involves some other process (e.g., catalysis) that reduces waste generation (e.g., this is not mentioned in the patents reviewed). During the application phase, all excess

material is disposed of as solid waste, because the material is fully cured, which would be expected to be

the case for any alternative. This life cycle stage is therefore considered not relevant to evaluation of the

alternatives.

4.7.10 Reuse and Recycling

Some SPF products currently use recycled plastics in production (typically in some chemicals present on

the B-side). Data are lacking to determine if the same is possible for alternative formulations, but it appears likely, because most have similar B-side chemistries. Given the uncertain nature of the information on

product composition for some alternative formulations, this life cycle stage may therefore potentially be

relevant.

4.7.11 End-of-life Disposal

All unused A- and B-side material (for either the identified possible alternatives or the Priority Products)

are required to be properly disposed of according to federal, state, and/or local regulations. For high-

pressure SPF, because containers can be resealed, unused material can be saved for the next job. For low-pressure SPF, unused A- and B-side material should be disposed of according to manufacturer's

recommendations, in addition to federal, state, and/or local regulations. Information from RE

representatives suggests this is common practice. The REs understand that the applicators' general practice is that small amounts of residual chemicals be reacted to produce foam, which can then be disposed of,

typically as non-hazardous waste/construction debris (ACC, 2019b). As noted above, cured spray foam

that is removed from a home is disposed of as solid waste or construction debris, because the foam is fully

reacted and would not be a hazardous waste product. It can be expected that any feasible SPF alternative would have similar properties, because an alternative that produced a cured foam that required management

as hazardous waste would face substantial hurdles to adoption. This life cycle stage is therefore considered

not relevant to evaluation of the alternatives.

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Table 4.3 Consideration of Potentially Relevant Factors Identified in the SCP Regulations

Category Factor that Is Relevant if Materially Different Between Priority Products

and Alternative Formulations Relevant?1 Basis

Life Cycle Segments

Raw material extraction No Not likely to be different. As noted in Sections 4.7.1-4.7.3, all the products2 are likely based on petroleum-derived feedstocks. All are produced industrially.

Resource inputs and other resource consumption

No

Intermediate materials production processes

Potentially All ingredients appear to be based on synthetic chemical processes, but patents for the alternative formulations give no information on possible synthetic pathways.

Product manufacture Potentially As noted in Section 4.7.4, the exact formulations of the possible alternatives are not currently known. However, all appear to be synthetically produced and appear to possess some chemical hazards or have significant data gaps concerning their hazards (refer also to Tables 5.1 and 5.2).

Packaging No As discussed in Section 4.7.5, all the proposed formulations have two sides based on their patent information and the REs have indicated that they would be expected to have similar packaging.

Transportation during and between all life cycle segments

Potentially Product-level information on the Priority Products indicates that they are not considered to be "Dangerous Goods" by US DOT. However, similar product-level information is not available for the alternative formulations. While product-level information would trump ingredient-level information, all of the products contain at least one chemical that would be classified as a "Dangerous Good" under US DOT regulations, if shipped individually. Based on their understanding of the industry, the REs would expect that transportation and distribution impacts would be similar between the Priority Products and the possible alternative formulations, but data are not available to make a definitive determination.

Distribution Potentially

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Life Cycle Segments

Use Potentially Application of the potential alternatives is expected to be the same as the Priority Products. High-pressure SPF products are typically sold in 55-gallon drums for use in special equipment (i.e., spray rig trucks), while low-pressure SPF products are sold in smaller two-cylinder kits, which include the application equipment. For the alternatives, different formulations may have potential differences in hazard and exposure during application. This will depend on the exact nature of the alternative formulations, which is not certain at this time. However all appear to possess chemical hazards or significant data gaps concerning their hazards.

Operation and maintenance NA Not applicable to this product type. The product is applied and passively provides insulation.

Waste generation and management No There is no indication that production of the potential alternatives involves some other process (e.g., catalysis) that reduces waste generation (e.g., this is not mentioned in the patents reviewed). During the application phase, all excess material is disposed of as solid waste, because the material is fully cured.

Reuse and recycling Potentially As noted in Section 4.7.1, some SPF products currently use recycled plastics in production (apparently in the B-side). Data are lacking to determine if the same is possible for alternative formulations, but it appears likely, because most have similar B-side chemistries.

End-of-life disposal No Unused A- and B-side material would presumably be disposed of as required by federal, state, and local regulations. Alternatively, for high-pressure foam, they could be retained and used for future work. Unused A- and B-side product could also be combined to produce foam. Once cured, foam is disposed of as inert solid waste. There is no indication that disposal would be different for the alternative formulations.

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Adverse Air Quality Impacts

Would the product bring any changes to emissions of California Toxic Air Contaminants (e.g., benzene, Cr[VI])?

No Based on a review of the California regulations and to the best of our knowledge based on patent information, none of the formulations contains chemicals present on the California Toxic Air Contaminants list.

CO2 emissions No As noted in Section 4.7.2, an LCA exists for SPF that describes CO2 emissions. However, a similar assessment does not exist for the alternative formulations. Because all of the alternative formulations appear to be based on synthetic chemical feedstocks, it is not expected that CO2 emissions across the life cycle would be a material differentiator among the formulations, but again, data are very limited.

HFC emissions No Many of the low-pressure and medium- and high-density SPF products, as well as some potential alternative products, use HFCs as blowing agents. This would be common to the Priority Products and alternative formulations. HFCs were replaced in SPFs sold in California for most uses starting in 2020.

Methane emissions No Based on the known production process for MDI as well as available patent information for the alternative formulations, emissions of these chemicals are not expected to be part of the life cycle of the Priority Products or alternative formulations.

Nitrogen fluoride emissions No

Perfluorocarbon emissions No

Sulfur hexafluoride emissions No

Other global warming gas emissions No All the ingredients of the Priority Products and alternative formulations are produced industrially. Other than HFCs used in foam blowing (being transitioned to low-global-warming-potential HFOs), no other global warming gases are known to be involved in the product life cycle. CO2 emissions are likely dominated by the transport phase, which, as noted above, will be similar among all the products.

Nitrogen oxide emissions No Based on the known production process for MDI as well as available patent information for the alternative formulations, emissions of these chemicals are not expected to be part of the life cycle of the Priority Products or alternative formulations.

Particulate matter emissions No

Ozone-depleting substances emissions3

No

Sulfur dioxide emissions No

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Adverse Air Quality Impacts

Would the product bring any changes to emissions of compounds that might lead to tropospheric ozone production?

Potentially Some, but not all, of the products contain chemicals that could contribute to tropospheric ozone production. However, alternative formulation data are not 100% certain. In addition, while the REs do not consider MDI to be a VOC that contributes to ozone and smog formation, the unreacted MDI in the Priority Products is currently classified under the CAA as such (US EPA, 2018a). According to Tury et al. (2003), unreacted MDI is demonstrated to have low ozone-forming potential and does not contribute to smog formation.

Adverse Ecological Impacts

Would the product, its constituents, or its likely breakdown products have any acute or chronic toxicity to impact aquatic, avian, or terrestrial animal or plant organisms or microbes?

No As shown in Tables 5.2 and 5.3, the dataset of ecological information pertaining to MDI is sufficiently complete (with no data gaps) for classification under GHS criteria. Most of the alternative formulations have chemicals that may pose acute and chronic aquatic toxicity, and one of the alternatives contain a chemical that may pose terrestrial toxicity. However, ecological exposures are unlikely due to product use and disposal patterns. Spray foam insulation products are not used in a manner that would lead to ecological effects (they are used inside structures or on top of roofs, not washed into storm water or surface water, not used on the land surface, etc.).

Would the product bring changes in population size, reduction in biodiversity, or changes in ecological communities?

No Ecological exposures are unlikely, because spray foam is not used in a manner that would lead to ecological emissions or effects (it is used inside structures or on top of roofs, not washed into storm water or surface water, not used on the land surface, etc.). The A-side components of SPF are highly reactive with water, such that water must be strictly excluded during production, packaging, storage, and cleaning of SPF formulations and equipment.

Would the product bring changes to the abilities of an endangered or threatened species to survive or reproduce?

No

Would the product bring changes to deterioration or the loss of environmentally sensitive habitats?

No

Would the product bring changes that contribute to or cause vegetation contamination or damage?

No

55




Adverse Soil Quality Impacts

Would the product impact soil compaction or other soil structure changes?

No Spray foam insulation products are not used in a manner that would lead to effects on these soil characteristics.

Would the product impact soil erosion?

No

Would the product cause loss of organic matter in soil?

No

Would the product cause soil sealing?

No

Adverse Water Quality Impacts

Would the product be expected to directly enter the municipal storm sewer systems (e.g., car wash detergents)?

No The A-side components of SPF are highly reactive with water, such that water must be strictly excluded during production, packaging, storage, and cleaning of SPF formulations and associated equipment. Spray foam insulation products are not used in a manner that would lead to entry into sewer systems. The cured product is a solid and there is no reason that uncured product would be placed into a sewer during its lifespan. Disposal of cured SPF at end-of-life will be as solid or construction waste. Disposal of unused A- or B-side of the product would follow federal, state, and local regulations.

Would the product bring any increase in biological oxygen demand within the water system?

No The A-side components of SPF are highly reactive with water, such that water must be strictly excluded during production, packaging, storage, and cleaning of SPF formulations and equipment. Spray foam insulation products are not used in a manner that would lead to any of these effects. The cured products should have low water solubility/be insoluble in water in order to provide moisture resistance and structural support.

Would the product bring any increase in chemical oxygen demand within the water system?

No

Would the product bring any increase in the temperature of water systems?

No

Would the product bring any increase in total dissolved solids in water systems?

No

Increase in California CWA priority pollutants

No Based on a review of the relevant regulation and to the best of our knowledge, none of the products contain chemicals present on the California CWA priority pollutant list.

Increase in California CWA pollutants No

Increase in chemicals with drinking water MCLs

No Based on a review of the relevant regulation and to the best of our knowledge, none of the products contain chemicals that have drinking water MCLs.

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Adverse Water Quality Impacts

Increase in chemicals with drinking water notification levels

No Based on a review of the relevant regulation and to the best of our knowledge, none of the products contain chemicals that have drinking water notification levels.

Increase in chemicals with drinking water public health goals

No Based on a review of the relevant regulation and to the best of our knowledge, none of the products contain chemicals that have drinking water public health goals.

Exceedance of a standard relating to the protection of the environment

No To the best of our knowledge, use of the Priority Products or the alternative formulations will not require intentional exceedance of such a standard.

Public Health Impacts

Acute mammalian toxicity Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, many of the products contain chemicals with this property.

Carcinogenicity Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, some of the products contain chemicals with these properties.

Developmental toxicity Yes

Reproductive toxicity No None of the ingredients we assessed is a chemical with this property.

Cardiovascular toxicity No Some of the ingredients we assessed have no relevant adverse effects on this endpoint. No information was identified for the rest of the chemicals.

Dermatotoxicity Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, most of the products contain chemicals with this property (irritancy).

Eye irritation Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, most of the products contain chemicals with this property.

Respiratory sensitization Yes Out of the ingredient we assessed, most of the products contain chemicals with these properties, except for those alternative formulations for which there is a data gap for this endpoint.

Skin sensitization Yes

Organ toxicity Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, most of the products contain chemicals with this property, except for those alternative formulations for which there is a data gap for this endpoint. The severity also differs among the products.

Endocrine toxicity Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, some of the products contain chemicals with this property.

Epigenetic toxicity No Some of the ingredients we assessed are not genotoxic. No information was identified for the rest of the chemicals.

57




Public Health Impacts

Genotoxicity/mutagenicity No Out of the ingredients we assessed, none of the products contains a chemical with this property.

Hematotoxicity Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, one of the alternative formulations contains a chemical with this property.

Hepatotoxicity and digestive system toxicity

Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, some of the products contain chemicals with this property.

Immunotoxicity Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, some of the products contain chemicals with this property.

Musculoskeletal toxicity No Out of the ingredients we assessed, one of the ingredients has no relevant adverse effects observed on this endpoint. No information was identified for the rest of the chemicals.

Nephrotoxicity Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, some of the products contain chemicals with this property.

Neurodevelopmental toxicity Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, one of the products contains a chemical with this property.

Neurotoxicity Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, one of the products contains a chemical with this property.

Ototoxicity No Out of the ingredients we assessed, one of the ingredients has no relevant adverse effects observed on this endpoint. No information was identified for the rest of the chemicals.

Reactivity in biological systems4 No More information on criteria is needed.

Respiratory toxicity Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, some of the products contain chemicals with these properties.

Exceedance of an enforceable California or federal standard related to public health

No To the best of our knowledge, use of the Priority Products or alternative formulations will not require intentional exceedance of such a standard.

Waste and End-of-life Effects

Would the product bring any change to the volume or mass of the waste materials and byproducts generated during the life cycle?

No All the products, once cured, would be disposed of as solid or construction waste at end of life. There is no expectation that alternative formulations would generate more production waste or application waste than the Priority Products, although details on these aspects are scarce because the formulations are not commercialized.

Would the product need any special handling to mitigate adverse impacts resulting from the waste materials generated during the life cycle?

No

Effects on solid waste or wastewater disposal or treatment

No

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Waste and End-of-life Effects

Effects on discharge(s) or disposal(s) to storm drains or sewers adversely affecting wastewater or storm water treatment facilities

No Spray foam insulation products are very unlikely to be disposed of via storm water/wastewater systems. The products are intended to resistant to dissolution in water.

Release to the environment No All spray foam insulation products can be expected to be manufactured, used, and disposed of similarly or via analogous processes. A material difference in terms of environmental release potential is not expected.

Environmental Fate

Aerobic and anaerobic half-lives of the product, its constituents, or its likely breakdown products

No Spray foam insulation products are unlikely to be discharged to soil, surface water, or groundwater. Thus, these factors are not relevant.

Aqueous hydrolysis half-life of the product, its constituents, or its likely breakdown products

Yes One of the alternative formulations (Dow Patent No. WO 2015/142564 A1) describes a water-soluble spray foam. The rest of the products are intended to be resistant to dissolution in water.

Atmospheric oxidation rate Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, there are differences in the atmospheric lifetime of different chemicals between the Priority Products and alternative formulations. This is captured by environmental half-life in air, which is primarily governed by indirect photolysis with photochemically-generated hydroxyl radicals.

Bioaccumulation of the product, its constituents, or its likely breakdown products

No According to a bioconcentration factor (BCF) study in ECHA (2019a), MDI is not bioaccumulative (measured BCF in carp is <200). According to Pharos, no bioaccumulation data exist for the chemicals present in the Priority Products and alternative formulations, for the ingredients we assessed.

Mobility in environmental media Yes The Priority Products and alternative formulations contain chemicals with different properties related to environmental mobility (e.g., vapor pressure). However, not all environmental media are likely to be relevant (e.g., not soil).

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Environmental Fate

Persistence Yes According to Pharos, some of the alternative formulations contain chemicals that are persistent for the ingredients we assessed, although there are data gaps on this property for other chemicals in the products.

Photodegradation Yes Out of the ingredients we assessed, there are differences in the atmospheric lifetime of different chemicals in the Priority Products and alternative formulations. This is captured by environmental half-life in air.

Materials and Resource Consumption

Impacts on consumption of renewable resources, including energy and raw materials, throughout the product life cycle

No Some spray foam insulation products (including some variants of the Priority Product) and one of the alternative formulations uses renewable materials in the B-side. This should not result in a material difference between the Priority Products and alternative formulations. All of the products could be produced via renewable energy, but there is no information indicating that this is currently the case.

Impacts on consumption of non-renewable resources, including petroleum, coal, metals, minerals, and other finite resources, throughout the product life cycle

No The Priority Products and alternative formulations are likely produced from petroleum-based chemicals and are not derived from recycled/recovered materials in an amount that would result in a material difference. Other life cycle stage impacts on consumption of non-renewable resources should be similar among all the products.

Physicochemical Hazards

Do the product or the alternatives exhibit oxidizing properties that facilitate combustion?

No Based on available chemical composition information, none of the products exhibit this property.

Do the product or the alternatives exhibit explosivity?

No Based on available chemical composition information, none of the products exhibit this property.

Do the product or the alternatives exhibit flammability?

No None of the ingredients we assessed exhibit this property. In addition, most of the products contain flame retardants to suppress inherent flammability.

Physicochemical Properties

Do the product and alternatives have different physical states?

No The individual ingredients can exist as liquid, semi-liquid, or solid forms but are all applied as a liquid under pressure, so this is not a material difference between the Priority Products and the alternative formulations.

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Molecular weight No There is not a material difference between the Priority Products and the alternative formulations in terms of these properties based on the available information.

Density No

Vapor pressure Yes The Priority Products and alternative formulations differ in the vapor pressures of their ingredients, which could be a relevant factor for differentiating exposure potential.

Melting point No These factors are not relevant to any decision criteria (hazard, exposure, performance, etc.) for spray foam insulation products.

Boiling point No

Water solubility No As the Priority Products and alternative formulations are not likely to impact water resources as part of their normal use, this factor is not relevant.

Lipid solubility Yes See octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow).

Octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow)

Yes The Priority Products and alternative formulations differ in the log Kow of their ingredients, which could be a relevant factor for differentiating exposure potential and mobility in the environment.

Octanol-air partition coefficient (Koa) No Partitioning between lipid-like materials and air should not be significant given the use of spray foam insulation products.

Organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc)

No Based on Koc, this is not a relevant factor.

Diffusivity in air and water No There is no reason to believe that these properties differ substantially between the Priority Products and the alternative formulations

Henry's Law constant No This parameter describes diffusion of chemicals from water to air and is not relevant for SPF products.

Sorption coefficient for soil and sediment

No Spray foam insulation products are not used in a manner that would lead to entry into soil or sediment. The different foams would not be expected to differ in this property.

Redox potential No Not expected to be a significant differentiator. Organic chemicals do not possess this property, and the inorganic chemicals used in the products are not significant redox agents (i.e., in terms of being their defining property).

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Photolysis rates Yes The volatile chemicals in spray foam insulation products all have a relatively short half-life in air, which is likely dominated by indirect photolysis with the OH radical. This is captured by the environmental half-life in air.

Hydrolysis rates No MDI is readily hydrolyzed in water, and thus is not in itself persistent in the environment. Given the low likelihood of the SPF products to impact aquatic media, this factor is not relevant.

Dissociation constants No

Reactivity, including electrophilicity No The products are all chemically reactive as part of their function. To perform adequately, they must be similarly reactive, so this is not expected to be materially different among the products.

Product Function and Performance

Are there material differences in terms of the useful life of the product?

Potentially The available performance information for the potential alternatives is inadequate. Performance is certainly an important consideration, but whether this constitutes a material difference among the products cannot be determined based on the available information.

Are there material differences in terms of the function and performance of the product?

Potentially

Are there material differences in terms of the functional acceptability of the product?

Potentially

Are there material differences in terms of the technical feasibility of the product?

Potentially

Economic Impacts

Will the product and its alternatives have a different cost to consumers or other users?

Potentially Most of the potential alternatives are not commercially available; thus, the cost of the alternatives is not known. Those that are commercially available are not expected to be substantially different in cost.

Notes: CAA = Clean Air Act; CWA = Clean Water Act; CO2 = Carbon Dioxide; Cr(VI) = Hexavalent Chromium; HFC = Hydrofluorocarbon; HFO = Hydrofluoroolefin; LCA = Life Cycle Assessment; MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level; OH = Hydroxyl; SPF = Spray Polyurethane Foam; US DOT = United States Department of Transportation; VOC = Volatile Organic Compound. SCP regulations: CalDTSC (2013) (22 CCR § 69505.5). (1) The response "No" under relevant factor indicates either that data exist to indicate the factor is not relevant or that there are no data available. (2) The term "product" is used in this column to refer to the Priority Products and the possible alternatives. (3) US EPA (2018b). (4) Any chemical can be reactive in biological systems (e.g., water, oxygen). We interpret this to mean reactivity in some way not captured by the other health-related factors and having an effect that is harmful.

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Table 4.4 Life Cycle Elements Considered in Evaluating Potential Exposures Category Element Relevant?1 Basis

Chemical Quantity Information

Would the alternative change the quantities of the chemical(s) of concern or other replacement chemicals necessary to manufacture the product?

No Based on available information from patents, the amount of A-side material is not expected to be materially different between the Priority Products and the alternative formulations.

Would the alternative change the quantities of the chemical(s) of concern or other replacement chemicals placed into the stream of commerce in California?

No

Market Presence of Product

Would the alternative change statewide sales of the product by volume?

Potentially The only way the volume could change would be if an alternative provided greater (or lesser) effectiveness (e.g., insulation) at smaller volume. This is not expected to vary materially between the Priority Products and any viable alternative.

Would the alternative change statewide sales of the product by number of units?

Potentially

Would the alternative change the intended product use(s), and types and age groups of targeted customer base(s)?

No The Priority Products are defined by their use, and so any replacement product would have to be available for the same use.

Occurrence or Potential Occurrence of Exposure

Will there be a difference in occurrence or potential occurrence of exposure to Candidate Chemicals in the product?

Yes Some alternative formulations also contain candidate chemicals, while others do not, although information on final formulations for the alternative formulations is lacking.

Household and Workplace Presence

Will the product be used in the home? Yes The high-pressure Priority Products are sold to professionals, whereas low-pressure Priority Products can be sold to non-professional DIY applicators, who may use the products at home as air sealants and for small-scale infrequent insulation applications. While none of the alternative formulations are commercially available, we can assume that any viable alternative will be used in homes by professionals and/or DIY applicators.

Will the product be used in the workplace?

Yes Potentially, in commercial buildings. Also, installation in homes can be considered as occurring in a temporary workplace.

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Category Element Relevant?1 Basis

Potential Exposure

Are there differences in the manufacturing, use, storage, transportation, waste, or end-of-life management of the product and alternatives?

Yes There may be differences in exposure potential during manufacture and use/application, although it is likely that applicators will continue to wear PPE due to the use of high-pressure equipment. This will depend on the nature of the chemicals involved. Other life cycle stages (production, transportation, waste management, end-of-life) would be expected to be similar among the products.

Is the product manufactured, stored, or transported through California but not used in California?

No The product is used in California.

Is the product an intermediate product used to manufacture an exempted product?

No The product is not an intermediate.

Does the product have household use? Yes See above (Household and Workplace Presence).

Does the product have recreational use?

No This product is not for recreational use.

Are there sensitive subpopulations that use the product and alternatives?

Yes Sensitive populations include workers, sensitized individuals, children, the elderly, and pregnant women. None of these populations, except workers, are likely to be users of the Priority Products.

Is the product used in homes? Yes See above (Household and Workplace Presence).

Is the product used in schools? Yes The product could potentially be used in schools by workers but not by students or teachers and should not be applied when these bystanders are present.

Is the product used in workplaces? Yes See above (Household and Workplace Presence).

Is the product used in other unusual locations?

No None are known to the REs involved in this effort.

Is there a difference in the frequency, extent, level, and duration of exposure potential for the product and its alternatives during use?

Potentially Performance data for the alternatives are lacking, so it is unclear if the alternative formulations could be applied in the same timeframe as the Priority Products.

Is there a difference in the frequency, extent, level, and duration of exposure potential for the product and its alternatives at end-of-life?

No Products should all be disposed of via the same process. All cured products would presumably be managed as non-hazardous waste.

Is there a difference in how the Candidate Chemical is contained within the product and its alternatives?

No All products are part of a multi-chemical liquid blend prior to application and then a multi-component solid after application.

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Category Element Relevant?1 Basis

Potential Exposure

Is there a difference in terms of engineering and administrative controls to reduce exposure among the product and its alternatives?

Yes All products would be governed by the same occupational or consumer product regulations. Some alternatives use engineering controls (e.g., Firestone/Gaco Profill) to reduce exposure. But it unclear if CalDTSC would determine that the reduction of pMDI would be sufficient.

Is there a difference in the potential of the candidate chemical and degradation products to release into, accumulate in, and persist in the environment?

Yes Even though lower-exposure approaches uses the same generic SPF formulation (i.e., pMDI, polyols, amines, flame retardants, and blowing agent), some alternatives use engineering controls and technology (e.g., Firestone/Gaco Profill) to reduce exposure and would presumably result in less ingredients to accumulate and persist in the environment.

Notes: DIY = Do-it-yourself; PPE = Personal Protective Equipment; RE = Responsible Entity. (1) The response "No" under relevant element indicates either that data exist to indicate that the element is not relevant or that there are no data available.

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5 Comparison of Alternatives

5.1 Hazard

Gradient collected ingredient information for the potential alternative formulations and lower-exposure approaches from their respective patents and SDSs, if available, except in the case of NanoSonic HybridSil,

for which no ingredient information or patent could be located. An evaluation of these potential alternative

products revealed a similar B-side composition compared to that of the Priority Products (see Table 5.1). Because the listing for the Priority Products is based on the A-side containing MDI, less focus was given

to B-side chemicals. Even so, a review of the information shown in Table 5.1 indicates that all of the

alternatives have essentially similar chemistries (i.e., involving highly reactive chemicals and catalysts).

Notably, the alternatives are all organic and contain flame retardants, they all contain catalysts of some sort (typically amine catalysts), as well as blowing agents and surfactants. Thus any potential hazards from

these B-side components would be expected to be similar across the identified alternatives.

It is important to stress that while ingredient-specific hazards are presented in this section, ingredient-

specific hazards may not reflect the hazards of the actual final product when fully reacted and installed.

For example, MDI is a dermal sensitizer; however, polyurethane (i.e., the reacted and cured foam) is not a

dermal sensitizer even though it was made with MDI. Furthermore, even product-level hazard does not automatically result in health risk without exposure. So, it is important to note when reviewing chemical

hazard data on products that the indication of a high hazard does not necessarily equate to an actual health

risk.

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Table 5.1 Comparison of A- and B-Side Components for Priority Products (Generic Formulae) and Identified Alternatives Product Foam Type A-side Chemicals Function B-side Chemicals Function

Priority Product (Generic Formula)

High Pressure Low Density

(1/2 lb)

pMDI (monomeric and oligomers)

Main reactant Polyether Polyol Main reactant

Water Blowing agent

Tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate Flame retardant

Nonylphenyl ethoxylated Emulsifier

Silicone surfactant Surfactant

Bis (2-Dimethylaminoethyl) ether (BDMAEE) Tetramethyliminobispropylamine (TMIBPA) N,N,N-Trimethylamino ethylethanolamine (TMAEEA)

Amine catalyst


High Pressure, Medium Density

(2 lb)


Main reactant Aromatic polyester polyol Aromatic amino polyether polyol

Main reactant

HFC-245fa1 Water

Blowing agent



bis (2-Dimethylaminoethyl) ether (BDMAEE) bis (Dimethylaminopropyl) methylamine (DAPA) N,N,N-Trimethylamino ethylethanolamine (TMAEEA)

Amine catalyst


Low Pressure pMDI (monomeric and oligomers)

Main reactant Polyester polyol Polyether polyol

Main reactant

HFC-134a Blowing agent HFC-134a Blowing agent



Pentamethyldiethylene triamine Amine catalyst

Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-, potassium salt Catalyst

Diethylene glycol Additional polyol

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Product Foam Type A-side Chemicals Function B-side Chemicals Function

Non-MDI-based Alternative Formulations

Firestone/Gaco Canary (example formulation)

High-pressure closed-cell (2.5-lb/ft3)

Sucrose acetoacetate Glycerine

acetoacetate

Main reactant Meta xylene diamine (MXDA) Dytek® A (2-Methyl-1,5-diaminopentane)

Main reactant, multifunctional

amine

Dimethylbis ([1-oxoneodecyl]

oxy)stannane

Metal catalyst TegostabTM B-8407 TegostabTM B-8221

Surfactant (silicone based)


Presumed surfactant2 Surfactant

HFC-365mfc Blowing agent

Hybrid Coatings Technology (example formulation)

High-pressure closed-cell

DER 331, a BPA epoxy resin

Main reactant Ancamine 2678 Amine curing agent

DC-197, a silicone surfactant Surfactant (silicone based)

DC-1107 DC-197


Undisclosed blowing agent Blowing agent

- - Presumed flame retardant, not discussed in patent but presumably required2

Flame retardant

Owens Corning Formulation (example formulation)

High-pressure open- and closed-cell

DER 331, a BPA epoxy resin

EponTM 8111, an epoxy resin

Main reactant Cycloate A, an aliphatic amine Ancamine 2678 EpikureTM 3271

Main reactant, amines

Sodium hydroxide Misc. additive DC193 Surfactant (silicone based)

Dye Dye

Undisclosed blowing agent Blowing agent

Undisclosed flame retardant Flame retardant

DuPont Formulation Patent No. WO 2013/101682 A1 (example formulation)

Unclear Tetrafunctional acrylate

Difunctional acrylate A, a BPA epoxy

diacrylate

Main reactant Trimethylolpropane tris(acetoacetonate) Main reactant

N,N,N',N'-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) Amine catalyst

Tris(2-chloropropyl)phosphate Triethyl phosphate

Flame retardant

TegostabTM B8469 Surfactant (silicone based)

TegostabTM B8469 Surfactant (silicone based)

HFC-245fa HFC-134a

Blowing Agent HFC-245fa HFC-134a

Blowing agent

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DuPont Formulation Patent No. WO 2018/005142 A1 (example formulation)

Not stated Polycarbamate 2 Main reactant 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxaldehyde (CHDA)

Main reactant

Tetrabromo phthalate diol (TBPD)

Triethyl phosphate

Flame retardant Magnesium oxide Misc. additive

Silicone polyether copolymer surfactant



Catalyst

p-Toluenesulfonic acid

Catalyst HFC-245fa Blowing agent

Dow Formulation Patent No. WO 2015/142564 A1

Not stated Polycarbamate Main reactant 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxaldehyde (CHDA)

Main reactant

Triethyl phosphate Flame retardant Unspecified catalyst ("Lewis acids" or "protic acids")

Catalyst

Niax L5340 Surfactant (silicone based)

Tetrabromophthalate diol (PHT4 Diol) Flame retardant

- - Niax L5340 Surfactant (silicone based)

Lower Exposure to MDI Approaches

Firestone/Gaco Profill SystemTM

High-pressure, open cell


Main reactant beta-D-Fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside

Main reactant

- - Nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether Emulsifier

- - Dimethylaminoethoxyethanol 2-([2-(2-[Dimethylamino] ethoxy)ethyl] methylamino)ethanol

Amine catalyst

- - Unnamed flame retardant Flame retardant

- - Presumed surfactant2 Surfactant

- - Water2 Blowing agent

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High Volume Low Pressure Systems (e.g., Nitrosys/ICP HandiFoam HVLP MD 2.0)

Low-pressure pMDI (monomeric and oligomers)

Main reactant Diethylene glycol Polyol

- - 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane Blowing agent

- - 2-Dimethylaminoethanol Amine catalyst

- - Triethyl phosphate Flame retardant

- - 2-((2-(Dimethylamino) ethyl)methylamino) ethanol Stoddard solvent 2-Ethyhexanoic acid

Misc. additives

BASF Patent No. 9592516 B2 (example formulation)

Low pressure; Open or closed

cell


Main reactant Polyethylene terephthalate, diethylene glycol (DEG), phthalic acid, and/or terephthalic acid Phenol or nonylphenol, formaldehyde, and/or amines, one or more with propylene oxide and optionally ethylene oxide Sucrose, glycerin, propylene glycol, and/or propylene oxide

Polyols

- - Tetrabromo phthalic anhydride diol or tris-(chloroisopropyl) phosphate and/or triethylphosphate

Flame retardant

- - Combinations of tertiary amines of varying chemical structure: Dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), triethylenediamine (TEDA), Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, and/or 2-{{2-(Dimethylamino) ethyl}methylamino}-ethanol

Amine catalyst

- - DABCO DC193 Surfactant

- - 1,1,1,1,1-Pentafluoropropane water Blowing agent

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BASF Patent No. WO 2019/089237 A1 (example formulation)

Not stated pMDI (monomeric and oligomers)

Main reactant Aromatic polyester (e.g., Terol 258) and GSP-280

Polyols

- - Tetrabromophthalate diol and TEP Flame retardant

- - Tegostab B8453 Surfactant

- - Dabco 33LV, Dabco T, dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), and Dabco T120

Amine and metal catalyst

- - Ethacure 100 (diethyltoluenediamine) Amine - - Opteon 1100 (HFO) and water Blowing agent

Notes: BPA = Bisphenol A; HFC= Hydrofluorocarbon; MDI = Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; pMDI = Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; SDS = Safety Data Sheet; TEP = Triethyl Phosphate. Sources: Bemis (2016); Figovsky et al. (2015); Foley et al. (2015); Gaco Western (2017b, 2018); ICP Building Solutions Group (2019a,b); Jin et al. (2013); NanoSonic Inc. (2012); Olang (2012); Thomas et al. (2018); Trumbo et al. (2016); Wishneski et al. (2017, 2019). (1) High global warming potential HFCs have been banned in California and products are being reformulated to contain lower global warming potential alternatives (e.g., hydrofluoroolefins or HFOs). However, the patent information pre-dates this ban, so to make comparisons easier, we have not included lower global warming potential blowing agents in this table. (2) Not listed on SDS, presumably because it does not meet hazard criteria for listing. Presumed to be present because similar products contain such components.

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Unlike the similar B-side components, the A-side composition among the alternative formulations was

substantially different. See Section 4.4 for the alternative products' composition information. In order to streamline the assessment for this Abridged AA, we compared the A-side chemicals, in particular MDI and

MDI replacement ingredients, of the Priority Products and the potential alternatives to screen for potential

hazards (i.e., relevant factors).

It should be noted that "hazard" refers to a chemical's inherent potential to produce an adverse effect.

Hazard does not consider exposure, something that is essential to estimate health risk. The California SCP

regulations (and AA in general) do not allow for the estimation of risk (i.e., adjusting hazard for exposure potential) in making decisions about selecting alternative products (CalDTSC, 2013). However, it is

important to note when reviewing chemical hazard data on products that the indication of a high hazard

does not necessarily equate to an actual health risk. Risk and hazard are different concepts.

To conduct this analysis in a transparent and consistent manner, we screened each chemical contained in

the Priority Products and alternative formulations for hazard properties using the Pharos website (Healthy

Building Network, 2019; Table 5.2). It should be noted that the chemical-specific hazards presented in Tables 5.2 and 5.3 do not represent the potential hazards or risk of the associated product, because the SPF

product is cured, unlike its individual chemical components. The Pharos outputs for all of the Priority

Products' ingredients for which CAS Nos. were available can be found in Appendix D. For example, if an ingredient is classified as a Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

(GHS) Category 1A or 1B Reproductive Toxicant by regions or countries such as the European Union,

Australia, or Japan, then the ingredient would be considered a "High" reproductive hazard under GreenScreen® and Pharos. The hazard interpretation guide for every hazard endpoint is also included

Appendix D (Clean Production Action, 2018). For expediency, we adopted the same scoring and color

coding system used by Clean Production Action in the GreenScreen® hazard evaluation system (Clean

Production Action, 2019). In addition, we added light grey shading to the endpoints for which no data were found (i.e., data gaps). It should be noted that data gaps do not indicate lack of toxicity; they merely indicate

that no information was found.

While Pharos lists most of the hazard endpoints required by the SCP regulations (e.g., acute mammalian

toxicity; CalDTSC, 2013), it does not address some of the relevant factors, such as nephrotoxicity and

cardiovascular toxicity. To address these remaining relevant factors (i.e., Group B endpoints), we reviewed

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) dossiers, Australia Inventory Multi-tiered Assessment and Prioritisation (IMAP) assessments, and US EPA Robust Hazard Summaries and qualitatively summarized

potential adverse effects, lack of relevant adverse effects, and data gaps. We focused the review primarily

on repeated-dose studies because these typically have the most detailed evaluation of potential health effects, whereas acute dosing studies often only examine a limited number of health effects using gross

measures (e.g., clinical signs, organ weight changes). This is a qualitative approach, but we believe that

the alternative approach (creating an arbitrary and novel GreenScreen-like scoring rubric for all of the additional SCP hazard endpoints that lack recognized classifications like the GHS) would be outside the

scope of responding to the Priority Product listing. See Table 5.2 for the results of this analysis.

To address global warming potential, we compared the chemicals of interest to the global warming gases listed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2013).

To assess potential for contribution to tropospheric ozone formation, we first assessed whether the chemical

is a VOC with a vapor pressure equal to or greater than 0.1 mm mercury (Hg) or if it is listed as a substance exempted under California regulations (CARB, 2009). Some VOCs have negligible contributions to

tropospheric ozone formation (40 CFR § 51.100[s]) and are exempted from Clean Air Act (CAA) VOC

status (US EPA, 2018a), such as the two A-side HFCs (HFC-245fa and HFC-134a) in DuPont's Patent No.

WO 2013/101682 A1 formulation.

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Table 5.2 also shows the number of "high" or "very high" hazard scores for a particular product or

alternative formulation, as well as the number of endpoints with data gaps. It should be noted that the hazards in Table 5.2 are for individual ingredients and are not representative of the hazards or risk of a

cured SPF product based on either the Priority Products' ingredients or any alternative formulation.

As shown in Table 5.2, of the MDI replacement chemicals we assessed, two of the six potential alternative products for which we have at least some chemical formulation details (i.e., Hybrid Coatings

Technology/Nanotech Industries Green Polyurethane and the Owens Corning formulation) contain

ingredients that share the same respiratory sensitization concern as the MDI in the Priority Products. Considering the fact that respiratory sensitization and workplace asthma are the primary reasons why

pressurized two-component SPF products were selected as Priority Products by CalDTSC (2014), Hybrid

Coatings Technology/Nanotech Industries Green Polyurethane and the Owens Corning formulation may not be suitable replacements for the Priority Products under the SCP program. Because we have no

composition information for NanoSonic HybridSil, it is unclear if this potential alternative would also

contain respiratory sensitizing chemicals. As for the other four potential alternative formulations (i.e.,

Firestone/Gaco Canary, Dow Patent No. WO 2015/142564 A1, and DuPont Patent Nos. WO 2018/005142 A1 and WO 2013/101682 A1), no information was found in Pharos or the ECHA dossiers on the MDI

replacement ingredients to indicate whether these alternatives would contain respiratory sensitizer(s) or not.

As mentioned above, a lack of data does not indicate a lack of toxicity; it merely indicates that no information was located, perhaps due to lack of testing.

According to Table 5.2, the Priority Products A-side ingredients have 3 relevant factors with "High" or "Very High" hazard scores (i.e., dermatotoxicity, respiratory sensitization, and eye irritation) compared to

0 for Firestone/Gaco Canary due to a lack of data, 2 for Hybrid Coatings Technology/Nanotech Industries

Green Polyurethane (i.e., persistence and chronic aquatic toxicity), 1714 for the Owens Corning formulation

(i.e., dermatotoxicity, eye irritation, organ toxicity, respiratory sensitization, skin sensitization, persistence, acute and chronic aquatic toxicity), 3 for DuPont's Patent No. WO 2013/101682 A1 formulation (i.e.,

dermatotoxicity [irritation], eye irritation, and persistence), 0 for Dow's Patent No. WO 2015/142564 A1

formulation due to a complete lack of data, and 3 for DuPont's Patent No. WO 2018/005142 A1 formulation (i.e., eye irritation, dermatotoxicity [irritation], and persistence). While this crude scoring makes the Owens

Corning and DuPont Patent No. WO 2013/101682 A1 formulations appear more hazardous compared to

the Priority Products, it should be noted that the number of A-side ingredients described in the patents for

these two potential alternatives are greater than for the A-side of the Priority Products (i.e., two to four ingredients versus one ingredient), and thus, a direct comparison would be misleading. In addition, while

the REs do not consider MDI to be a VOC that contributes to ozone and smog formation, the unreacted

MDI in the Priority Products is currently classified under the CAA as such (US EPA, 2018a). According to Tury et al. (2003), unreacted MDI is demonstrated to have low ozone-forming potential and does not

contribute to smog formation. Comparatively, none of the MDI replacement chemicals we assessed are

VOCs that contribute to smog formation.

Because Pharos only queries hazardous determinations, information on non-hazardous properties are

missing and were identified as data gaps in Table 5.2 even though information may be available. In an

attempt to fill the data gaps according to Pharos, Gradient queried the ECHA Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) database (ECHA, 2019c) for additional hazard

information on the same ingredients in Table 5.2. These results are available in Table 5.3. For expediency,

we adopted the same scoring and color coding system used in Table 5.2 according to the Clean Production Action GreenScreen® hazard evaluation system (Clean Production Action, 2019). It is also important to

note that Gradient reported the hazard classifications reported by ECHA dossiers and did not evaluate the

14 This count include the number of times "High" or "Very High" appear for a product. Because some products contain multiple ingredients that scored "High" or "Very High" on the same endpoint, that same endpoint is counted multiple times.

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underlying toxicity studies to verify the hazard classifications. This is the same approach we took with

Pharos. While not all ingredients have ECHA dossiers, we were able to find hazard classifications for some endpoints for certain chemicals that were identified as data gaps in Pharos. For MDI, its ECHA dossier

reported no hazard or not classified according to GHS for the following endpoints that were data gaps under

Pharos: reproductive toxicity, mutagen, acute and chronic aquatic toxicity, and flammability. For the tin

catalyst in the Firestone/Gaco Canary formulation, we were able to fill most of the data gaps as "not classified," but we also identified additional hazards (e.g., skin sensitizer and irritation). For the three

ingredients in the Owens Corning formulation that had ECHA dossiers (i.e., EponTM 8111, Multifunctional

Epoxy Resin [CAS Nos. 25068-38-6 and 15625-89-5] and sodium hydroxide), we were able to fill most of the data gaps as "not classified," but we also identified one additional hazard for sodium hydroxide (e.g.,

corrosive to metal); however, this endpoint is not a relevant factor in the AA. For the two DuPont patents,

we were able to populate many of the data gaps as "not classified" for the difunctional acrylate A in the Patent No. WO 2013/101682 A1 formulation and the p-toluenesulfonic acid in the Patent No. WO

2018/005142 A1 formulation. No additional hazards were identified for either ingredient. Lastly, no

ECHA dossiers are available (i.e., no data available) for MDI replacement ingredients in the Hybrid

Coatings Technology/Nanotech Industries Green Polyurethane and the Dow Patent No. WO 2015/142564 A1 formulations.

Although data on chemical composition are available from the patents for Firestone/Gaco Canary, Technology/Nanotech Industries Green Polyurethane, the Owens Corning formulation, the Dow

formulation, and the DuPont formulations, which allows some comparison of these alternatives' potential

hazard, there is substantial uncertainty in this assessment, due to the lack of CAS Nos. for some of the ingredients and because other additional (or fewer) chemicals could be present in a final commercial

formulation of these alternatives. Overall, the available data suggest that there is no alternative formulation

that is conclusively preferable to the Priority Products in terms of chemical hazard. Certain data gaps (e.g.,

for Firestone/Gaco Canary, Dow Patent No. WO 2015/142564 A1, and DuPont Patent No. WO 2018/005142 A1) would need to be filled in order to reach more definitive conclusions.

5.2 Performance

We could not evaluate performance parameters between the Priority Products and the potential alternatives

because a complete set of necessary performance information was lacking for each formulation (and some had no information at all) or they are existing Priority Products. We did not evaluate performance for

Firestone/Gaco Profill or HVLP product such as Nitrosys/ICP HandiFoam HVLP, because presumably they

meet the minimum performance requirements for SPF products, as they are Priority Products commercially used for wall, roof, and basement insulation. As outlined in Section 3.6, AC 377 outlines the mandatory

physical properties and standard test methods required for all SPF products, including any alternatives.

These properties include thermal resistance (ASTM C177, C518, or C1363), core density (ASTM D1622),

tensile strength (ASTM D1623), dimensional stability (ASTM D2126), and surface burning characteristics (ASTM E84 or UL 723). While the patents for Hybrid Coatings Technology/Nanotech Industries Green

Polyurethane (Figovsky et al., 2015) and the Owens Corning formulation (Olang, 2012) reported limited

information on R-value range and estimated curing time; these claims were not supported by test data. In addition, no information on anticipated density, compressive strength, or flame spread resistance was

provided in these products' patents. DuPont's 2013 patent (Patent No. WO 2013/101682 A1) reported

information on compressive strength, open cell content, density, flame index, and smoke development index for some, but not all, of the example formulations (Jin et al., 2013). However, no information was provided

on tensile strength, dimensional stability, or thermal resistance in this patent. The two other patents, Dow

Patent No. WO 2015/142564 A1 and DuPont Patent No. WO 2018/005142 A1, contained very limited

performance data, such as for density, compressive strength, and open cell content, or no such data (Foley et al., 2015; Thomas et al., 2018). The lack of standardized performance information for SPFs is to be

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expected, because none of the potential alternative products are commercially available, and it is also

unclear if any of the products have moved beyond the research and development (R&D) phase into commercialization and official product testing.

In addition to those requirements outlined in AC 377, all SPFs, including any alternative formulations, must

conform to local VOC emission limits in California and all additional requirements laid out in the building standards, as mentioned in Section 3.6 (none of which are addressed in the alternative formulations'

patents). Lastly, in addition to performance, many of the patents include the use of blowing agents (HFC-

245fa, HFC-134a, and HFC-365mfc), which were banned in California in 2020 for high-pressure SPF products and alternatives and will be banned in 2021 for low-pressure SPF products and alternatives

(CARB, 2018).

5.3 Relative Exposure Potential

We could not evaluate product-level exposure parameters between the Priority Products and the potential alternative formulations, because no product-level exposure information was located for any of the non-

MDI-based alternatives. There are no field test exposure data for the lower exposure to MDI

products/patents, with the exception of Firestone/Gaco Profill (Table 4.1). We gathered chemical-specific physicochemical data for all the A-side ingredients of the alternative formulations, as suggested in

CalDTSC's "Alternatives Analysis Guide" (CalDTSC, 2017a).

We consulted experimental, modelled, and estimated data from a variety of sources, including study reports, ECHA dossiers (ECHA, 2019c), US EPA EPI Suite (US EPA, 2019a), the Hazardous Substances Data

Bank (HSDB; NLM, 2005-2013), and US EPA's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (US EPA, 2019b). The

tabulated data are shown in Table 5.4 and all experimental values are bolded to differentiate between experimental and modelled or estimated data. Similar to the hazard tables, there are many physicochemical

data gaps for the ingredients. In addition, Gradient did not color code this exposure-relevant factors table,

because no color coding was provided by the various data sources and because it would be difficult to assign

relative preference for many of the relevant factors (i.e., physical state and molecular weight).

Many of the physicochemical parameters are not materially relevant (e.g., molecular weight, density,

physical state), because their exposure potentials are better described by other parameters in Table 5.4. For example, differences in molecular weights are not materially relevant among the ingredients, but molecular

weight does impact vapor pressure, which is materially relevant.

For the few endpoints that would be materially relevant (i.e., log Kow, vapor pressure, and environmental

half-life), the exposure potential of MDI and MDI replacement ingredients in Firestone/Gaco Canary, the

Owens Corning formulation, and the DuPont Patent No. WO 2013/101682 A1 example formulation were

either comparable or somewhat preferable to that of the Priority Products. However, we could not find exposure information for one or more ingredients in these alternatives. The exposure potentials of

ingredients in Hybrid Coatings Technology/Nanotech Industries Green Polyurethane and the DuPont Patent

No. WO 2018/005142 A1 example formulation were comparable, somewhat preferable to, and somewhat undesirable compared to those of the Priority Products (depending on the ingredient). Lastly, no

information was found at all for the MDI replacement ingredient in the Dow Patent No. WO 2015/142564

A1 example formulation. Again, it should be stressed that the ingredient-specific exposure information in Table 5.4 is for individual ingredients and is not representative of the exposure potential of a final product

or formulations.

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Although some data on chemical composition are available from the alternative formulation patents, which

allows some comparison of these alternatives' relative exposure potentials, there is substantial uncertainty, because other additional (or fewer) chemicals could be present in a final commercial formulation of these

alternatives. Overall, the exposure potentials of the MDI replacement ingredients in Firestone/Gaco

Canary, the Owens Corning example formulation, and the Patent No. DuPont WO 2013/101682 A1

example formulation appear to be slightly better than that of the Priority Products. While this qualitative exercise provided some insight into the ingredient-level exposure potential of the alternative products,

ideally, we would compare the product-level exposure data, because the ingredients are meant to react and

create a foam structure that is distinctly different than the individual ingredients. Unfortunately, no product-level exposure information are available at this time for the alternative formulations.

5.4 Cost

We could not evaluate costs between the Priority Products and most of the potential alternatives, because

most of the potential alternatives are not commercially available. If commercialized, there may be cost differences and potential economic impacts on consumers and industry.

Two of the lower exposure to MDI Priority Products (i.e., Firestone/Gaco Profill and Nitrosys HVLP) are commercially available as insulation for commercial and residential walls, basements, and roofs. However,

as discussed in Section 4.3.2, it is the REs' position that a Priority Product cannot be considered a safer

alternative to another Priority Product. The Firestone/Gaco Profill SPF component is not expected to cost

more than other high-pressure SPF. However, applicators must purchase plastic membranes or aluminum guides to use the product. There will be some additional labor cost associated with preparing the worksite

(i.e., applying the membrane). However, it seems reasonable to expect that some of the additional upfront

labor to be offset by decreased post-application work (i.e., trimming and clean-up). HVLP SPF systems are expected to cost more than traditional low-pressure kits but less than high-pressure SPF systems.

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6 Conclusions of This Abridged AA

6.1 Potential Alternatives to Priority Products

There are no potential alternatives to the Priority Products that can be appropriately explored in an AA.

Several potential non-isocyanate-based, sprayable, two-component alternative formulations were

identified: Firestone/Gaco Canary, Hybrid Coatings Technology/Nanotech Industries Green Polyurethane, the Owens Corning formulation, NanoSonic HybridSil, the Dow formulation, and the two DuPont

formulations. However, it is the REs' position that only polyurethane alternatives can be considered as

potential alternatives to the Priority Products. Nonetheless, Gradient included non-polyurethane

formulation alternatives for review in the Abridged AA. From the limited information available, the identified potential formulation alternatives products use BPA resins, silicon-based technologies,

acetoacetate and tin catalyst, acrylates, or polycarbamates to replace the unreacted MDI in the Priority

Products. However, the ingredient information may be subject to change, because we only identified example formulations in patents rather than actual commercial products. In addition, no product-level

exposure or standardized SPF performance information could be found for any of the alternatives. This

lack of information is a concern because several sources suggest challenges with alternative formulations

in terms of curing time and application. Without actual performance data, we cannot be sure that the formulations covered by the patents are viable products.

Several potential alternative approaches for product application were also identified. These products or potential products/patents (Gaco/Firestone Profill, HVLP, such as Nitrosys, and two BASF systems) lower

exposure to MDI. Gaco/Firestone Profill relies on a plastic or aluminum barrier for SPF application,

whereas the others rely on pre-mixing the ingredients prior to discharge at lower pressure (reducing potential exposure). However, it is the REs' position that these products are not viable alternatives under

the SCP program, because they are (or would be) Priority Products containing unreacted MDI and/or

because low-pressure SPF was included in the Priority Product designation. This was confirmed by

CalDTSC in earlier conversations with the REs when CalDTSC rejected engineering controls to reduce exposure to MDI during application as an alternative solution to the AA process (Lee, 2015). In addition,

it is not clear whether some of these alternative approaches can be used across the range of various SPF

applications. Moreover, because these approaches involve a Priority Product (i.e., low-pressure two-component spray foam containing unreacted MDI), and it appears, based on the paragraph above, that no

non-MDI alternative has sufficient data to support an AA, low-pressure SPF would be subject to additional

regulatory responses, leading to a futile cycle of regulation.

6.2 Decision Concerning an Abridged AA or Stage 2 AA

The conclusion of this Abridged AA is that there are no alternatives to the Priority Products with sufficient

data to support an accurate AA according to the SCP program requirements. A proposed R&D plan to seek

and make available a safer product to replace the Priority Products is outlined in Section 7.

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7 Potential Regulatory Responses

There are a number of potential regulatory responses CalDTSC may take following the submission of a

Stage 1 or Abridged AA (CalDTSC, 2019d). These include the Agency requiring or imposing:

Supplemental AA Report Information and Regulatory Response Revisions;

Product Information for Consumers;

Use Restrictions;

Product Sales Prohibition;

Engineering or Administrative Controls;

End-of-Life Product Management Program;

Advancement of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering; or

No Regulatory Response. (CalDTSC, 2019d)

A number of these potential regulatory responses are already in place for the Priority Products (i.e.,

engineering or administrative controls, use restrictions, and, product information for consumers). SPF products are extremely effective at providing insulation, air and moisture sealing, and energy conservation

at a reasonable price. Further use restrictions or product sales prohibitions would significantly affect

commercial buildings and residential homes' energy efficiency and lead to increased greenhouse gas emissions, due to increased heating and cooling needs, thus impeding some of California's climate change

goals.

Under the SCP program, an Abridged AA, at a minimum, must address two potential regulatory responses: provision of product information for consumers, as defined under 22 CCR § 69506.3, and a proposal for an

R&D project to make a safer product available (CalDTSC, 2013, 2017a).

7.1 Product Information for Consumers

22 CCR § 69506.3 requires manufacturers to disclose certain information to consumers.

High-pressure SPF systems are not a traditional consumer product. There is no retail location or product

for the consumer to interact with to review the information required by 22 CCR § 69506.3 (CalDTSC, 2013). Therefore, 22 CCR § 69506.3 is not applicable to manufacturers of high-pressure SPF systems. The

information required under 22 CCR § 69506.3 is required to be provided to SPF applicators under OSHA's

Hazard Communication Standard.15

15 29 CFR 1910.1200 (OSHA, 2017).

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Manufacturers of low-pressure SPF systems will comply with 22 CCR § 69506.3 by posting the required

information on their websites (CalDTSC, 2013). In addition to posting the required information online, manufacturers of low-pressure SPF systems will determine if they will comply with 22 CCR § 69506.3I(2)

by posting the required information at the point of sale or on the product or product package (CalDTSC,

2013).

7.2 Proposed Potential Research and Development Plan

The Advancement of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering regulatory response (22 CCR § 69506.8)

requires REs to fund a research program to:

(a) Design a safer alternative to the Priority Product; (b) Improve the performance of a safer alternative to the Priority Product;

(c) Decrease the cost of the safer alternative to the Priority Product; and/or

(d) Increase the market penetration of a safer alternative to the Priority Product. (CalDTSC, 2013)

The SPF industry has concluded that a functionally acceptable and technically feasible alternative is not available for low-pressure SPF, open-cell SPF, closed-cell SPF, or roofing SPF. Therefore, the REs believe

that Options B, C, and D are not suitable for a research program.

Within 12 months of CalDTSC approving the Abridged AA report, SFC and CalDTSC will agree to a mutually acceptable research project.

7.3 Applicability to Possible Future Products Based on Similar Chemistry

This Abridged AA report was developed in response to CalDTSC listing SPF systems with unreacted MDI

as a Priority Product under the SCP regulation (CalDTSC, 2013). The REs covered by this Abridged AA report frequently modify their products' B-side formulations (or in the case of low-pressure SPF, may

modify the propellant or blowing agent on the A-side) and update product names, without making changes

relevant to the concern identified in the Priority Product listing.

Because formulation changes to Priority Products do not impact the hazards associated with the unreacted

MDI (i.e., the A-side formulation) it is not appropriate to submit new Priority Product Notifications under

22 CCR § 69503.7 or to submit new or updated AAs for each newly branded product placed into commerce in California under 22 CCR § 69505.1(b)(2)(c) (CalDTSC, 2013). Doing so would be excessively

burdensome and achieve no benefit to public health.

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8 Uncertainty Analysis

There are a number of possible sources of uncertainty that were encountered in the course of conducting

this Abridged AA. The key sources are summarized below.

Identification of Potential Alternatives. Alternatives were identified based on patent searches, general Internet searches, and conversations with the REs. It is possible that other alternative formulations exist

and were not identified, but this is considered unlikely given that the AA was directed by a large number

of REs with great familiarity with the industry. For any alternative that could have been missed (e.g., an obscure patent, possibly not in English), one would need to have data on the product's chemical

composition, hazards, exposure, and performance in order for it to have had a significant impact on the

conclusions. Given that the patents that were examined lacked sufficient data to support a Stage 2 AA, it

would not be expected that any patent missed would have such information. Thus, the conclusions of the AA would not change.

Evaluation of Relevant Factors. As noted earlier, the alternative formulation patents provide fairly broad discussion of product composition (e.g., classes of chemicals, rather than specific chemicals). The

Abridged AA attempted to assess these formulations based on example formulations, but there is no

guarantee that these would be the final components of a product that could be commercialized. As a result, there is uncertainty in the determination of whether certain factors spelled out in the regulation are

materially different among the alternatives (notably, some of the health effect endpoints). The conclusion

of this Abridged AA is that there are no viable alternatives to the Priority Product(s), largely due to a lack

of data to support a full assessment and the lack of specific and definitive composition data in the patents.

Hazard Evaluation. To evaluate the hazards of the alternatives, we primarily relied on Pharos and the

relevant ECHA dossiers. We did not conduct an exhaustive literature review of each chemical of interest. Had we done so, we may have uncovered additional hazard data that could conflict with the data in the

aforementioned sources or that could fill in data gaps. This detailed evaluation of health hazard data would

have been conducted during Stage 2 of the AA process. Moreover, as noted above, the composition information we had on the alternative formulations was for exemplar formulations, which may not reflect

the composition of any actual commercial product. Thus, a detailed toxicological review of the exemplar

formulae in the alternative formulations is not practical or additive to the AA.

Hazards of Constituents versus Final Products. Hazard and physiochemical data were evaluated for

individual chemical constitutes of the A-sides of the Priority Product(s) and alternatives. Data were

generally lacking for the final product, either as applied (i.e., polymerizing) or cured. Data are certainly lacking for the alternative formulations. As a result, the hazards shown in Tables 5.2 and 5.3 do not

necessarily reflect the hazards of the product. This could lead to an inappropriate comparison, as we have

noted in the relative exposure discussion in Section 5.

Performance. As noted earlier, we lacked data to fully assess the performance of some of the alternative

formulations because these do not appear to have progressed sufficiently in development to have been

subjected to all of the required tests. It is possible that if such data were available, we could have reached more definitive opinions on relative performance compared to the Priority Product(s). However, that

scenario requires data that do not exit, and the SCP program specifically does not require the generation of

new data.

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Tables

Acute Mammalian Toxicity

CarcinogenicityDevelopmental

ToxicityReproductive

ToxicityDermatotoxicity

(Irritation)Endocrine Toxicity

Mutagen NeurotoxicityEye

IrritationOrgan Toxicity

Respiratory Sensitization

Skin Sensitization

PersistentAcute Aquatic

ToxicityChronic Aquatic

ToxicityTerrestrial Ecotoxicity

Global Warming Potential

Bioaccumulative FlammableCAA VOC

Contributing to Smog Formation

Priority ProductpMDI/MDI in Priority Product

3 13 3 13 Unreacted MDI (CAS Nos. 101‐68‐8 and 26447‐40‐5) (no info is available

for pMDI, CAS No. 9016‐87‐9 in Pharos)

~100 Moderate Moderate CAS No. 101‐68‐8: Moderate

CAS No. 26447‐40‐5: DG

DG High DG DG DG High Moderate CAS No. 101‐68‐8: High

CAS No. 26447‐40‐5: Moderate

Moderate DG DG DG DG No DG DG VOC and not on 40 CFR § 51.100 exempted list

Alternative Formulations (as Compared to the Priority Product Above)DG 31 Sucrose Acetoacetate

(No CAS No. identified)48.5

DG 31 Glycerine Acetoacetate (No CAS No. identified)

48.5

0 23 Tin Catalyst (Dimethylbis[(1‐oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane)

(CAS No. 68928‐76‐7)

3 Potential Concern

DG Potential Concern DG DG DG DG DG DG Potential Concern

DG DG DG Potential Concern

Potential Concern

DG No DG DG Not a VOC (low vapor pressure)

19 2 19 DER 331, Bisphenol‐A Epoxy Resin (CAS No. 25085‐99‐8)

81.8 Moderate Potential Concern

DG DG Potential Concern Moderate Potential Concern

DG DG DG Potential Concern Potential Concern

High Potential Concern

High DG No DG DG Not a VOC (low vapor pressure)

2 19 DER 331, Bisphenol‐A Epoxy Resin (CAS No. 25085‐99‐8)

45.7 Moderate Potential Concern

DG DG Potential Concern Moderate Potential Concern

DG DG DG Potential Concern Potential Concern

High Potential Concern

High DG No DG DG Not a VOC (low vapor pressure)

6 19 EponTM 8111, MultifunctionalEpoxy Resin

(CAS No. 25068‐38‐6)

8.15‐11.4 DG DG DG DG High DG DG DG High High DG Moderate High Very High High DG No DG DG Not a VOC (low vapor pressure)


(CAS No. 15625‐89‐5)

5.7‐8.15 Low Moderate DG DG High DG DG DG High DG High High DG Moderate High DG No DG DG Not a VOC (low vapor pressure)

4 16 Sodium Hydroxide (CAS No. 1310‐73‐2)

0.7 Moderate DG DG DG Very High DG DG Potential Concern

Very High Very High DG DG High Moderate DG Moderate No DG DG Not a VOC (low vapor pressure)

2 23 Tetrafunctional Acrylate (CAS No. 94108‐97‐1)

30 Low Potential Concern

DG DG High DG DG DG High Potential Concern

DG DG DG DG Potential Concern


1 16 Difunctional Acrylate A (CAS No. 55818‐57‐0)

10.9 DG DG DG DG Potential Concern DG DG DG Potential Concern

Potential Concern

DG Potential Concern

High DG Potential Concern


31 0 31 Polycarbamate (no CAS No., reaction product)

90

0 31 Polycarbamate 2 (no CAS No., reaction product)

No data

3 22 P‐toluenesulfonic Acid (CAS No. 104‐15‐4)

No data Moderate DG DG DG High DG DG DG High Moderate DG DG High DG DG DG No DG DG Not a VOC (low vapor pressure)

Notes:

Scoring for Group A Hazards:

Scoring for Group B Hazards:

Firestone/Gaco Canary™ Example Formulation

Hybrid Coatings Technology/Nanotech Industries Green Polyurethane™ Example Formulation

DG for all endpoints. Unable to assess due to generic name and lack of CAS No.

0

2

Owens Corning Example Formulation

Because a few of the chemicals are polymers or resin, Pharos reported both the hazards of the chemical of interest and those of the potential residual chemicals or other substances used in the manufacturing of the chemical. We did not report the hazards of these residual chemicals, because the amount of residuals and impurities can differ greatly among different manufacturers. However, the inclusion of hazards from these residual chemical may impact the hazards of the associated product.

CAA = Clean Air Act; DG = Data Gap; ECHA = European Chemicals Agency; HFC = Hydrofluorocarbon; Hg = Mercury; IMAP = Inventory Multi‐tiered Assessment and Prioritisation; MDI = Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; pMDI = Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; RE = Responsible Entity; SPF = Spray Polyurethane Foam; US EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency; VOC = Volatile Organic Compound.

Table 5.2 Data for Relevant Factors – Ingredient‐specific Hazards (Primarily from Pharos and ECHA)1

Percentage in A‐side Product (% by weight)

DuPont Patent No. WO 2018/005142 A1 Example Formulation

3

0

3

No. of Factors with High/Very High

Scores

Priority Product and Alternative Formulations

No. of Factors with Data Gaps from pMDI/MDI and pMDI/MDI Replacement Ingredients Per

Product

85

66

39

53



Potential Concern

No Relevant Adverse Effects Observed

Very Low

Potential ConcernDG

Qualitative review of data in ECHA dossiers (ECHA, 2019a‐c), IMAP (Australia Dept. of Health, 2015, 2017), and a US EPA Robust Hazard Summary submitted by NOTOX Safety and Environmental Research B.V. (2007), implying the effect is associated with the chemical at some level.DG

All category scores are based on the GreenScreen® scoring system (Clean Production Action, 2019). Potential Concern = Hazards reported in sources that are not GreenScreen® authoritative or screening sources.



Dow Patent No. WO 2015/142564 A1 Example Formulation

17

No. of Factors with Data Gaps

No. of Factors with High/Very High Scores from

pMDI/MDI and pMDI/MDI Replacement Ingredients Per

Product

pMDI/MDI and Potential Replacement Ingredient(s) for

pMDI/MDI


DG for all endpoints. Unable to assess due to generic name and lack of CAS No.DG for all endpoints. Unable to assess due to generic name and lack of CAS No.


Group A Endpoints (Primarily from Pharos) Group A Endpoints (Primarily from Pharos)

Low

Chemicals reviewed include pMDI/MDI and potential replacement ingredients for pMDI/MDI in the respective alternative formulations. In the case of the Firestone/Gaco Canary™ example formulation, we kept tin catalyst, because it appears to be a different catalyst compared to those typically found in SPF products. In the case of the Owens Corning example formulation, we kept sodium hydroxide, because it is listed as an A‐side ingredient and is not a chemical typically found in SPF products.

Data for Group A hazards were obtained via Pharos (Healthy Building Network, 2019), except CAA VOC status and global warming potential. For CAA VOC status, substances were determined to be a VOC if vapor pressure is equal to or greater than 0.1 mm Hg or listed as a substance applying to be exempted (CARB, 2009). Exempted VOC status data were taken from 40 CFR § 51.100 (US EPA, 2018a). For global warming potential, chemicals were checked against the IPCC Fifth Report List of Greenhouse Gases (IPCC, 2013). HFC‐245fa and HFC 134a are listed as having a global warming potential of 858 and 1,300 (relative to CO2 on a 100‐year time horizon). The HFCs are classified as "High" based on their global warming potential and California regulatory ban in spray foam starting in 2020. Data for Group B hazards are from European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) dossiers, Australia Inventory Multi‐tiered Assessment and Prioritisation (IMAP) assessments, and US EPA Robust Hazard Summaries.

Moderate

(1) This table presents the hazards of the individual product ingredients, which may not reflect hazards of the actual final product when fully cured and installed.

Very HighHigh

GRADIENT

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3 13 3 13 Unreacted MDI (CAS Nos. 101‐68‐8 and 26447‐40‐5) (no info is available

for pMDI, CAS No. 9016‐87‐9 in Pharos)

~100

Alternative Formulations (as Compared to the Priority Product Above)DG 31 Sucrose Acetoacetate


DG 31 Glycerine Acetoacetate (No CAS No. identified)

48.5

0 23 Tin Catalyst (Dimethylbis[(1‐oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane)

(CAS No. 68928‐76‐7)

3

19 2 19 DER 331, Bisphenol‐A Epoxy Resin (CAS No. 25085‐99‐8)

81.8

2 19 DER 331, Bisphenol‐A Epoxy Resin (CAS No. 25085‐99‐8)

45.7


(CAS No. 25068‐38‐6)

8.15‐11.4


(CAS No. 15625‐89‐5)

5.7‐8.15

4 16 Sodium Hydroxide (CAS No. 1310‐73‐2)

0.7

2 23 Tetrafunctional Acrylate (CAS No. 94108‐97‐1)

30

1 16 Difunctional Acrylate A (CAS No. 55818‐57‐0)

10.9

31 0 31 Polycarbamate (no CAS No., reaction product)

90

0 31 Polycarbamate 2 (no CAS No., reaction product)

No data

3 22 P‐toluenesulfonic Acid (CAS No. 104‐15‐4)

No data

Notes:

Scoring for Group A Hazards:

Scoring for Group B Hazards:



0

2


Because a few of the chemicals are polymers or resin, Pharos reported both the hazards of the chemical of interest and those of the potential residual chemicals or other substances used in the manufacturing of the chemical. We did not report the hazards of these residual chemicals, because the amount of residuals and impurities can differ greatly among different manufacturers. However, the inclusion of hazards from these residual chemical may impact the hazards of the associated product.

CAA = Clean Air Act; DG = Data Gap; ECHA = European Chemicals Agency; HFC = Hydrofluorocarbon; Hg = Mercury; IMAP = Inventory Multi‐tiered Assessment and Prioritisation; MDI = Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; pMDI = Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; RE = Responsible Entity; SPF = Spray Polyurethane Foam; US EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency; VOC = Volatile Organic Compound.

Table 5.2 Data for Relevant Factors – Ingredient‐specific Hazards (Primarily from Pharos and ECHA)1



3

0

3

No. of Factors with High/Very High

Scores


No. of Factors with Data Gaps from pMDI/MDI and pMDI/MDI Replacement Ingredients Per

Product

85

66

39

53

Potential Concern

No Relevant Adverse Effects Observed

Very Low

Potential ConcernDG

Qualitative review of data in ECHA dossiers (ECHA, 2019a‐c), IMAP (Australia Dept. of Health, 2015, 2017), and a US EPA Robust Hazard Summary submitted by NOTOX Safety and Environmental Research B.V. (2007), implying the effect is associated with the chemical at some level.DG

All category scores are based on the GreenScreen® scoring system (Clean Production Action, 2019). Potential Concern = Hazards reported in sources that are not GreenScreen® authoritative or screening sources.



17

No. of Factors with Data Gaps

No. of Factors with High/Very High Scores from

pMDI/MDI and pMDI/MDI Replacement Ingredients Per

Product


pMDI/MDI

Low


Data for Group A hazards were obtained via Pharos (Healthy Building Network, 2019), except CAA VOC status and global warming potential. For CAA VOC status, substances were determined to be a VOC if vapor pressure is equal to or greater than 0.1 mm Hg or listed as a substance applying to be exempted (CARB, 2009). Exempted VOC status data were taken from 40 CFR § 51.100 (US EPA, 2018a). For global warming potential, chemicals were checked against the IPCC Fifth Report List of Greenhouse Gases (IPCC, 2013). HFC‐245fa and HFC 134a are listed as having a global warming potential of 858 and 1,300 (relative to CO2 on a 100‐year time horizon). The HFCs are classified as "High" based on their global warming potential and California regulatory ban in spray foam starting in 2020. Data for Group B hazards are from European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) dossiers, Australia Inventory Multi‐tiered Assessment and Prioritisation (IMAP) assessments, and US EPA Robust Hazard Summaries.

Moderate

(1) This table presents the hazards of the individual product ingredients, which may not reflect hazards of the actual final product when fully cured and installed.

Very HighHigh

Respiratory ToxicityCardiovascular

ToxicityEpigenetic Toxicity Hematotoxicity

Reactive in Biological Systems

Hepatotoxicity and Digestive System

ToxicityImmunotoxicity

Musculoskeletal Toxicity

Nephrotoxicity Neurotoxicity Ototoxicity

Adverse pulmonary effects observed

No relevant adverse effects

observed

Not genotoxic. No other relevant

data found.


observed

DG No relevant adverse effects observed

Respiratory and dermal sensitizer


No relevant adverse effects observed

DG

DG DG DG DG DG DG Dermal sensitizer based on

read‐across

DG DG DG DG

DG DG Not genotoxic. No other relevant

data found.

DG DG DG Dermal sensitizer DG Adverse effects seen at high‐dose via

read‐across, but dossier did not classify

DG DG

DG No relevant adverse effects

observed


data found.


observed


Dermal sensitizer No relevant adverse effects

observed



No effect on hearing ability. No other relevant effects

observed.Adverse pulmonary effects observed, but

dossier did not classify

DG Not genotoxic. No other relevant

data found.

DG DG Caustic to digestive system, but dossier did not classify

Not a dermal or respiratory sensitizer

DG Adverse effects observed at high‐dose, but dossier

did not classify

DG DG

DG No relevant adverse effects

observed


data found.

Changes in blood cell counts found, but dossier did not

classify

DG Microscopic effects found at a high dose in liver, but dossier did not classify

Dermal sensitizer DG No relevant adverse effects observed

Reduction in locomotive activity at a high dose, but dossier did not

classify

DG

DG DG Not genotoxic. No other relevant

data found.

DG DG DG Not dermal or respiratory sensitizer

DG DG DG DG

Group B Endpoints (Primarily from ECHA)

Unable to assess due to generic name and lack of CAS No.


No ECHA dossier available





GRADIENT

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Acute Mammalian Toxicity Aspiration Hazard

CarcinogenicityEye Irritation/Corrosion

Skin Irritation/Corrosion

Germ Cell Mutagenicity

Target Organ Toxicity – Single

Exposure

Target Organ Toxicity – Repeated Exposure

Reproductive/Developmental

Toxicity

Effects on or via Lactation

Sensitizer – Respiration

Sensitizer – Skin

Aquatic Toxicity – Acute

Aquatic Toxicity – Chronic

Hazardous to Ozone Layer


2 2 Unreacted MDI (CAS Nos. 101‐68‐8 and 26447‐40‐5) and

pMDI (CAS No. 9016‐87‐9)

~100 Oral: Not classified;Dermal: Not classified;

Inhalation: Cat. 4

Inconclusive Cat. 22 Cat. 2 Cat. 2 Not classified Cat. 3 (respiratory irritation)

Cat. 2 (inhalation)

Not classified Not classified Cat. 1 Cat. 1B Not classified Not classified DG

Alternative Formulations (as Compared to the Priority Product Above)Sucrose Acetoacetate (No CAS No. identified)

48.5

Glycerine Acetoacetate (No CAS No. identified)

48.5

Tin Catalyst (Dimethylbis[(1‐oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane)

(CAS No. 68928‐76‐7)

3 Oral: Cat. 3;Dermal: DG;Inhalation: DG

Not classified DG Not classified Cat. 2 Not classified DG DG DG DG DG Cat. 1A DG Cat. 2 DG


DG 32 DER 331, Bisphenol‐A Epoxy Resin

(CAS No. 25085‐99‐8)

81.8

DER 331, Bisphenol‐A Epoxy Resin

(CAS No. 25085‐99‐8)

45.7

EponTM 8111, Multifunctional Epoxy Resin

(CAS No. 25068‐38‐6)

8.15‐11.4 Oral/Dermal/Inhalation:Not classified

Not classified DG Cat. 2 Cat. 2 DG DG DG Not classified Not classified Not classified Cat. 1 Not classified Cat. 2 Not classified


(CAS No. 15625‐89‐5)

5.7‐8.15 Oral/Dermal/Inhalation:Not classified

Not classified Not classified Cat. 2 Cat. 2 Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified DG DG Cat. 1 Cat. 1 Cat. 1 DG

Sodium Hydroxide (CAS No. 1310‐73‐2)

0.7 Oral/Dermal/Inhalation:Not classified

Not classified Not classified Cat. 1 Cat. 1A Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified

Tetrafunctional Acrylate (CAS No. 94108‐97‐1)

30

Difunctional Acrylate A (CAS No. 55818‐57‐0)

10.9 Oral/Dermal/Inhalation:Not classified

Not classified DG Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified DG DG Cat. 1 Not classified Not classified Not classified


DG 32 Polycarbamate (no CAS No., reaction product)

90

Polycarbamate 2 (no CAS No., reaction product)

No data

P‐toluenesulfonic Acid (CAS No. 104‐15‐4)

No data Oral/Dermal/Inhalation:Not classified

DG Not classified Cat. 1 Cat. 1C Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified DG Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified

Notes:

Legend:

Category 1Category 2Category 3Category 4

Not classifiedDG

Table 5.3 Ingredient‐specific Hazards According to ECHA1

No. of Endpoints with Data Gaps from pMDI/MDI

and pMDI/MDI Replacement Ingredients

Per Product

74

53

37






pMDI/MDI

7

1


No. of Endpoints withCat. 1 Classifications from pMDI/MDI and

pMDI/MDI Replacement Ingredients Per Product

1 DG for all endpoints. Unable to assess due to generic name and lack of CAS No.


No ECHA dossier available.

Environmental

ECHA dossier available, but no hazard information.





Human Health




Category 1 is most hazardous classification for all endpoints. For a minority of endpoints (i.e. , acute mammalian and chronic aquatic toxicity), Category 4 is the least hazardous. For the rest of the endpoints, excluding physical endpoints, Category 2 is the least hazardous.




All hazard information was obtained via ECHA (2019c). If a dossier has both an European Union CLP Annex VI classification and a self‐classification, the self‐classifications were recorded in this table, because the European Union CLP Annex VI classifications are already captured under Pharos in Table 5.2. For pMDI/MDI, we recorded the ECHA classifications of CAS No. 101‐68‐8, because it is a more complete ECHA dossier compared to that of CAS No. 26447‐40‐5. In addition, the hazard classifications match between the two dossiers. The ECHA dossier for pMDI (CAS No. 9016‐87‐9) links to that of MDI (CAS No. 26447‐40‐5).

Category was assigned according to GreenScreen Chemical Hazard Criteria Section V ‐ Annex 1 (Clean Production Action, 2018). Specific color coding varies by health endpoint.

34


Cat. = Category; CLP = Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation; DG = Data Gap; ECHA = European Chemicals Agency; MDI = Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; pMDI = Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; SPF = Spray Polyurethane Foam.


2

(1) This table presents the hazards of the individual product ingredients, which may not reflect the hazards of the actual final product when fully cured and installed.(2) MDI is required by law in the European Union (EU) to be classified as a Carcinogen Category 2; however, US authoritative agencies such as the California Environmental Protection Agency Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (CalOEHHA) and the United States National Toxicology Program (NTP) have not classified MDI or pMDI as a carcinogen. Additionally, the US EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) have determined MDI and pMDI to be "not classifiable" as to human carcinogenicity based on the available evidence (US EPA, 1998; IARC, 1999). Lastly, the EU's Category 2 H351 assignment was converted from an older R40 Category 3 assignment using the same data.

GRADIENT

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2 2 Unreacted MDI (CAS Nos. 101‐68‐8 and 26447‐40‐5) and

pMDI (CAS No. 9016‐87‐9)

~100

Alternative Formulations (as Compared to the Priority Product Above)Sucrose Acetoacetate (No CAS No. identified)

48.5

Glycerine Acetoacetate (No CAS No. identified)

48.5

Tin Catalyst (Dimethylbis[(1‐oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane)

(CAS No. 68928‐76‐7)

3


DG 32 DER 331, Bisphenol‐A Epoxy Resin

(CAS No. 25085‐99‐8)

81.8

DER 331, Bisphenol‐A Epoxy Resin

(CAS No. 25085‐99‐8)

45.7


(CAS No. 25068‐38‐6)

8.15‐11.4


(CAS No. 15625‐89‐5)

5.7‐8.15

Sodium Hydroxide (CAS No. 1310‐73‐2)

0.7

Tetrafunctional Acrylate (CAS No. 94108‐97‐1)

30

Difunctional Acrylate A (CAS No. 55818‐57‐0)

10.9


DG 32 Polycarbamate (no CAS No., reaction product)

90

Polycarbamate 2 (no CAS No., reaction product)

No data

P‐toluenesulfonic Acid (CAS No. 104‐15‐4)

No data

Notes:

Legend:

Category 1Category 2Category 3Category 4

Not classifiedDG

Table 5.3 Ingredient‐specific Hazards According to ECHA1

No. of Endpoints with Data Gaps from pMDI/MDI

and pMDI/MDI Replacement Ingredients

Per Product

74

53

37






pMDI/MDI

7

1


No. of Endpoints withCat. 1 Classifications from pMDI/MDI and

pMDI/MDI Replacement Ingredients Per Product

1

Category 1 is most hazardous classification for all endpoints. For a minority of endpoints (i.e. , acute mammalian and chronic aquatic toxicity), Category 4 is the least hazardous. For the rest of the endpoints, excluding physical endpoints, Category 2 is the least hazardous.

All hazard information was obtained via ECHA (2019c). If a dossier has both an European Union CLP Annex VI classification and a self‐classification, the self‐classifications were recorded in this table, because the European Union CLP Annex VI classifications are already captured under Pharos in Table 5.2. For pMDI/MDI, we recorded the ECHA classifications of CAS No. 101‐68‐8, because it is a more complete ECHA dossier compared to that of CAS No. 26447‐40‐5. In addition, the hazard classifications match between the two dossiers. The ECHA dossier for pMDI (CAS No. 9016‐87‐9) links to that of MDI (CAS No. 26447‐40‐5).

Category was assigned according to GreenScreen Chemical Hazard Criteria Section V ‐ Annex 1 (Clean Production Action, 2018). Specific color coding varies by health endpoint.

34


Cat. = Category; CLP = Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation; DG = Data Gap; ECHA = European Chemicals Agency; MDI = Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; pMDI = Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; SPF = Spray Polyurethane Foam.


2

(1) This table presents the hazards of the individual product ingredients, which may not reflect the hazards of the actual final product when fully cured and installed.(2) MDI is required by law in the European Union (EU) to be classified as a Carcinogen Category 2; however, US authoritative agencies such as the California Environmental Protection Agency Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (CalOEHHA) and the United States National Toxicology Program (NTP) have not classified MDI or pMDI as a carcinogen. Additionally, the US EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) have determined MDI and pMDI to be "not classifiable" as to human carcinogenicity based on the available evidence (US EPA, 1998; IARC, 1999). Lastly, the EU's Category 2 H351 assignment was converted from an older R40 Category 3 assignment using the same data.

Corrosive to Metals

ExplosivenessDesensitized Explosives

Flammable Aerosols

Flammable GasFlammable

LiquidFlammable

Solid

Emit Flammable Gases in Contact

with Water

Organic Peroxide

Oxidizing GasOxidizing Liquid

Oxidizing SolidPyrophoric

LiquidPyrophoric

SolidSelf‐heating Substance

Self‐reactive Substance

Gas Under Pressure

Not classified Not classified DG Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified

DG Not classified DG Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified

Not classified Not classified DG Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified

DG Not classified DG DG DG Not classified DG Not classified DG DG Not classified DG Not classified DG DG DG DG

Cat. 1 Not classified DG Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified

DG Not classified DG Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified

Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified Not classified





Physical




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No. of Endpoints with Data Gaps from

pMDI/MDI and pMDI/MDI Replacement Ingredients

Per Product

No. of Factors as Data Gaps


pMDI/MDI

Percentage in A‐side Product (% by weight )

Molecular Weight

Density(g/cm3)

Log Kow

(Octanol‐Water Partition Coefficient,

Describes Lipid Solubility)

Log Koa (Octanol‐Air Partition Coefficient)

Log Koc (Organic Carbon

Partition Coefficient, Describes Sorption in Soil and Sediment)

KH(Henry's Law

Constant at 25°C atm‐m3/mole)

Vapor Pressure (Saturated,

mm Hg at 25°C)

Melting Point(°C at 1 atm)

Boiling Point (°C at 1 atm)

Water Solubility (mg/L at 25 °C)


1 1 Unreacted MDI (CAS Nos. 101‐68‐8 and 26447‐40‐5) and pMDI (CAS No. 9016‐87‐9)

~100 250.252 1.2 4.5 8.94 3.9 2.30E‐04 2.10E‐05 42.00 >300 (decomposes)

0.03

Alternative Formulations (as Compared to the Priority Product Above)19 Sucrose Acetoacetate


19 Glycerine Acetoacetate (No CAS No. identified)

48.5

7 Tin Catalyst (Dimethylbis[(1‐oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane)

(CAS No. 68928‐76‐7)

3 491.3 DG 5.5 5.911 3.751 4.21E‐05 1.06E‐06 133.85 391.820 0.01

16 DER 331, Bisphenol‐A Epoxy Resin

(CAS No. 25085‐99‐8)

81.8 DG DG DG DG DG DG 3.45E‐10 DG DG DG


(CAS No. 25085‐99‐8)

45.7 DG DG DG DG DG DG 3.45E‐10 DG DG DG

17 EponTM 8111, Multifunctional Epoxy Resin

(CAS No. 25068‐38‐6)

8.15‐11.4 DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG


(CAS No. 15625‐89‐5)

5.7‐8.15 296.32 1.11 at 20°C 2.75 10.47 3.179 4.74E‐06 5.63E‐04 27.19 322.42 74.317

8 Sodium Hydroxide (CAS No. 1310‐73‐2)

0.7 40 2.13 at 25°C Not applicable (inorganic)

DG DG DG 1.82E‐21 318 1,388 DG

6 Tetrafunctional Acrylate (CAS No. 94108‐97‐1)

30 466.53 1.08 4.34 16.167 5.291 5.65E‐08 2.13E‐08 148.97 454.15 1.0675

17 Difunctional Acrylate A (CAS No. 55818‐57‐0)

10.9 DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG

19 19 Polycarbamate (no CAS No., reaction product)

90

19 Polycarbamate 2 (no CAS No., reaction product)

No data

6 P‐toluenesulfonic Acid (CAS No. 104‐15‐4)

No data 172.2 1.45 at 25°C ‐0.62 6.324 1.206 3.25E‐12 2.90E‐06 105 140 6.20E+05

Notes:





20

21

35


Hybrid Coatings Technology/Nanotech Industries Green Polyurethane™ Example FormulationOwens Corning Example Formulation



44

Data were obtained from Bratfisch et al. (2020), Carter et al. (1999), European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) dossiers (ECHA, 2019c), the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) (NLM, 2005‐2013), International Isocyanate Institute (1991), OECD (2002), Olf (2018), Plehiers et al. (2019), US EPA's EPI Suite (US EPA, 2019a), and US EPA's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (US EPA, 2019b).

CAS No. = Chemical Abstracts Service Registration Number; DG = Data Gap; Hg = Mercury; US EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency.Bolded text indicates experimental values. Non‐bolded text indicates modelled or calculated values.

Table 5.4 Data for Relevant Factors – Ingredient‐specific Exposure Information


24

GRADIENT

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No. of Endpoints with Data Gaps from

pMDI/MDI and pMDI/MDI Replacement Ingredients

Per Product

No. of Factors as Data Gaps


pMDI/MDI

Percentage in A‐side Product (% by weight )


1 1 Unreacted MDI (CAS Nos. 101‐68‐8 and 26447‐40‐5) and pMDI (CAS No. 9016‐87‐9)

~100

Alternative Formulations (as Compared to the Priority Product Above)19 Sucrose Acetoacetate


19 Glycerine Acetoacetate (No CAS No. identified)

48.5

7 Tin Catalyst (Dimethylbis[(1‐oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane)

(CAS No. 68928‐76‐7)

3


(CAS No. 25085‐99‐8)

81.8


(CAS No. 25085‐99‐8)

45.7


(CAS No. 25068‐38‐6)

8.15‐11.4


(CAS No. 15625‐89‐5)

5.7‐8.15

8 Sodium Hydroxide (CAS No. 1310‐73‐2)

0.7

6 Tetrafunctional Acrylate (CAS No. 94108‐97‐1)

30

17 Difunctional Acrylate A (CAS No. 55818‐57‐0)

10.9

19 19 Polycarbamate (no CAS No., reaction product)

90

19 Polycarbamate 2 (no CAS No., reaction product)

No data

6 P‐toluenesulfonic Acid (CAS No. 104‐15‐4)

No data

Notes:

20

21

35


Hybrid Coatings Technology/Nanotech Industries Green Polyurethane™ Example FormulationOwens Corning Example Formulation



44

Data were obtained from Bratfisch et al. (2020), Carter et al. (1999), European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) dossiers (ECHA, 2019c), the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) (NLM, 2005‐2013), International Isocyanate Institute (1991), OECD (2002), Olf (2018), Plehiers et al. (2019), US EPA's EPI Suite (US EPA, 2019a), and US EPA's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (US EPA, 2019b).

CAS No. = Chemical Abstracts Service Registration Number; DG = Data Gap; Hg = Mercury; US EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency.Bolded text indicates experimental values. Non‐bolded text indicates modelled or calculated values.

Table 5.4 Data for Relevant Factors – Ingredient‐specific Exposure Information


24

Physical State

Hydrolysis Rate Constant (M‐1s‐1)

Dissociation Constant

Photolysis Rate Constant

(s‐1)

Standard Reduction Potential

(V)

Air Diffusion Coefficient (Diffusivity)

(cm2/s)

Water Diffusion Coefficient (Diffusivity)(cm2/s)

Reactivity/ Electrophilicity

Index

Environmental Half‐life in Air

(Days)

Solid 0.00061 Not applicable. MDI has no ionizable functional groups.

0.000018 (estimated for indirect atmosphoric Photolysis

at 1.5E6 molecules

OH/cm3)

Not applicable Not applicable, ingredient is a

solid

0.0000049 DG 0.92

Liquid DG DG DG Not applicable Not applicable, ingredient is a

liquid

DG DG DG


liquid

DG DG DG


liquid

DG DG DG


liquid

DG DG DG


liquid

DG DG 0.46

Solid Not applicable Not applicable DG Not applicable Not applicable, ingredient is a

DG DG 1.50E‐04

Solid DG DG DG Not applicable Not applicable, ingredient is a

DG DG DG


DG DG DG

Solid DG DG DG Not applicable DG DG DG 11.8





GRADIENT

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G:\Projects\219065_Sprayfoam AA\Deliverables\Appendix C April30.docx

Appendix C

Product Grouping Information on Existing Priority Products

C-2


Table C.1 Manufacturers of Low- and High-pressure Two-component SPF Products Containing Unreacted MDI Currently for Sale in California

Manufacturer Name Product Name Density (lb/f3)

Pressure Group1

Accella Polyurethane Systems2 FOAMSULATE 220 SERIES 2 High 3

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE 210 SERIES 2 High 3

Accella Polyurethane Systems Foamsulate 50 NIB 0.5 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems BAYSEAL OC 0.45-5 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems BAYSEAL OC X 0.6 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems BAYSEAL CC X 2 High 3

Accella Polyurethane Systems BAYSEAL 2.7 Series3 2.7 High 3 Accella Polyurethane Systems BAYSEAL 3.0 Series 3 High 4

Accella Polyurethane Systems QuadForm NatureSeal OCX 0.5 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems PREMISEAL 3054 3 High 4

Accella Polyurethane Systems PREMISEAL 3505 3 High 4

Accella Polyurethane Systems Bayseal OC HY 0.45-5 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems QuadFoam 2.0 2 High 3

Accella Polyurethane Systems QuadFoam 500 0.5 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems Premipour 202M 2.0 High 3

Accella Polyurethane Systems PREMISEAL 40 SERIES 2.5 High 3


Accella Polyurethane Systems PREMISEAL 70 SERIES 3 High 4







Accella Polyurethane Systems PREMIR+ 60 SERIES 2.8 High 3 Accella Polyurethane Systems PREMIR+ 40 SERIES 2.5 High 3

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE CLOSED CELL SERIES 2 High 3

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE HFO SERIES 2 High 3

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE 50 HY 0.5 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE 50 0.5 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE OCX 0.5 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems FOAMSULATE 70 0.75 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO CLOSED CELL SERIES 2 High 3

C-3



Pressure Group1

Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO OCX 0.5 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO NO MIX 0.5 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO NO TRIM 0.75 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO HIGH YIELD 0.45 High 2

Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO ONE ZERO 2 High 3

Accella Polyurethane Systems SEALTITE PRO OPEN CELL 0.5 High 2

A&B Filling Inc. Brand A Product 1 0.75-2.8 Low 1

A&B Filling Inc. Brand B Product 2 1.75 Low 1 A&B Filling Inc. Brand C Product 3 2.5 Low 1

A&B Filling Inc. Brand D Product 4 NA Low 1

BASF Corp. Elastospray 81255 2.5 High 3



BASF Corp. Elastospray 8000A6 NA High NA

BASF Corp. ENERTITE G 0.50 High 2

BASF Corp. ENERTITE NM 0.50 High 2

BASF Corp. FE 348-2.5 2.5 High 3



BASF Corp. SKYTITE 2.5 2.5 High 3



BASF Corp. SPRAYTITE 158 2.0 High 3



BASF Corp. SPRAYTITE 81206 2.0 High 3 BASF Corp. SPRAYTITE SP 2.0 High 3

BASF Corp. WALLTITE US 2.0 High 3

BASF Corp. WALLTITE HP+ 2.0 High 3

BASF Corp. BASF CBI - #1 NA Low 1

BASF Corp. BASF CBI - #2 0.5 Low 1

BASF Corp. BASF CBI - #3 2.0 Low 1

BASF Corp. BASF CBI - #4 NA High NA

BASF Corp. BASF CBI - #5 2.5 High 3

C-4



Pressure Group1








BASF Corp. BASF CBI - #13 2.8 High 4 BASF Corp. BASF CBI - #14 3.0 High 4





DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal Fire-Rated 1.75 PCF Slow Rise Polyurethane Foam Sealant 1.75 Low 1

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal 1.75 PCF ICC Closed Cell Polyurethane Foam Sealant 1.75 Low 1

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal 2.0 PCF Fire-Rated Polyurethane Foam Sealant 2 Low 1

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal 3.0 PCF High Density Closed Cell Polyurethane Foam Sealant 3 Low 1

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal Mine Foam Sealant 1.75 Low 1

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Foam Professional Fire-Rated 1.75 PCF CCMC Closed Cell Polyurethane Foam Sealant

1.75 Low 1

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Foam Fire-Rated 1.75 PCF Closed Cell ICC Polyurethane Foam Sealant 1.75 Low 1

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal Fire-Rated Low Density 1.0 PCF Open Cell Polyurethane Foam Sealant

1 Low 1

DAP Products, Inc. Touch n' Seal 1.75 PCF Fire Rated PCF CCMC Closed Cell Polyurethane Foam Sealant

1.75 Low 1

Demilec Agribalance 0.6-0.8 High 2

Demilec Demilec APX 0.45-0.5 High 2

Demilec Heatlok HFO High Lift 2-2.4 High 3

Demilec Heatlok HFO Pro 2-2.4 High 3

Demilec Heatlok XT 2.2 High 3

Demilec Heatlok Soy 200+ 2.1 High 3

Demilec Sealection 500 0.52 High 2

DuPont7 FrothPak™ Sealant and Insulation 1.75 Low 3

DuPont FrothPak™ Ultra Insulation 2.3 Low 1

C-5



Pressure Group1

DuPont Styrofoam™ Dow 3019 with CM2045 2.3 High 3

Firestone F1800 – GacoTrenchFoam – Polyol Component B No info. provided

High No info. provided

Firestone F-CF2030 – GacoPourFoam CF2030 – Polyol Component B 2 High 3

Firestone FB28-120 – GacoFlashFoam – Component A & B 2.5 Low 1

Firestone F10000 – GacoToughFoam – Polyol Component B 10 High 4 Firestone F183M – Gaco 183M– Polyol Component B 1.8 High 3

Firestone F1850R – GacoOnePass – Polyol Component B 1.8 High 3

Firestone F052N – Gaco 052N GacoInsulBarrier – Polyol Component B 0.5 High 2

Firestone F5001 –GacoFireStop 2 – Polyol Component B 0.6 High 2

Firestone F4500R – GacoEZSpray – Polyol Component B 0.5 High 2

Firestone FR6500R – GacoProFill – Polyol Component B 0.6 High 2

Firestone F1880R – GacoOnePass Low GWP – Polyol Component B 1.8 High 3

Firestone F2733R – GacoRoofFoam – Polyol Component B 2.7 High 4

Firestone ISO – Isocyanate – Iso Component A8 NA High NA

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Brand A 1, 2.5 2.5 High 3



General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Brand B 1, 2.5 2.5 High 3



General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Ultra-Thane 050 0.5 High 2

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Ultra-Thane 050 OCX 0.5 High 2

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Ultra-Thane 170 Pour Foam 2 Low 1

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Ultra-Thane 230-2.09 2 High 3 General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Ultra-Thane 230-2.5, 2.7, and 3.0 Roof Foam 2 High 3

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Universal Polymers Corp 2.0 2.15 High 3

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Universal Polymers Corp 500 0.5 High 2

General Coatings Manufacturing Corp. Universal Polymers Corp 500 OCX 0.5 High 2

Henry Company LLC Permax Closed-cell Foam Insulation 1.8-2.5 High 3

ICP Adhesives & Sealants Handi-Foam® E84 Spray Foam 2.12 Low 1

ICP Adhesives & Sealants Handi-Foam® Quick Cure 2.12 Low 1

ICP Adhesives & Sealants Handi-Foam® Air Seal 2.12 Low 1

ICP Adhesives & Sealants Handi-Foam® Low Density 0.75 Low 1

C-6



Pressure Group1

ICP Adhesives & Sealants Handi-Foam® Wall Seal 0.75 Low 1

ICP Adhesives & Sealants Brand A Product 1 2.12 Low 1

ICP Adhesives & Sealants Brand B Product 1 2.12 Low 1



Icynene-Lapolla Icynene Classic Plus™ 0.7 High 2

Icynene-Lapolla Icynene Classic™ 0.5 High 2

Icynene-Lapolla Icynene Classic Eco 0.5 High 2 Icynene-Lapolla Icynene Classic Max 0.5 High 2

Icynene-Lapolla Icynene MDC 200 V6 2.4 High 3

Icynene-Lapolla Icynene MDR 210 2.2 High 2

Icynene-Lapolla ProSeal Eco 2.2 High 3

Icynene-Lapolla Icynene ProSeal 2-2.4 High 3

Icynene-Lapolla Lapolla Foam-LOK FL500 0.5 High 2

Icynene-Lapolla Lapolla Foam-LOK FL2000 2.0 High 3

Icynene-Lapolla Lapolla Foam-LOK FL2000 – 4G 2.0 High 3

Icynene-Lapolla Lapolla Foam-LOK LPA 2500 2.5 High 3

Icynene-Lapolla Lapolla Foam-LOK LPA 2800 2.8 High 4

Johns Manville10 JM Corbond III® SPF 2 High 3

Johns Manville JM Corbond® oc SPF 0.5 High 2

Johns Manville JM Corbond® ocx SPF 0.5 High 2

NCFI Polyurethanes11 10-011 2.8 High 4

NCFI Polyurethanes 10-013 2.8 High 4

NCFI Polyurethanes 11-016 2 High 3


NCFI Polyurethanes 11-033 1.7 High 3 NCFI Polyurethanes 11-035 2 High 3



NCFI Polyurethanes 12-008 0.4-0.5 High 2

Rhino Linings Corporation ThermalGuard ISO, A Component NA NA NA

Rhino Linings Corporation Duratite CC2.5, B Component 2.5 High 3



C-7



Pressure Group1

Rhino Linings Corporation ThermalGuard CC2, B Component 2 High 3

Rhino Linings Corporation ThermalGuard OC 1.0, B Component 1.0 High 2

Rhino Linings Corporation ThermalGuard OC 0.5, B Component 0.5 High 2

SES Foam LLC EasySeal.5 Spray Foam 0.5 High 2

SES Foam LLC Nexseal™ 2.0, 2.0W, 2.0 LE, 2.0 LE W 2 High 3

SES Foam LLC SES 2.5, SES 2.5 S, SES 2.5 W 2.5 High 3

SES Foam LLC SES 2.7, SES 2.7 S, SES 2.7W 2.7 High 4

SES Foam LLC SES 3.0, SES 3.0 S, SES 3.0W. SES 3.0HCS 3.0 High 4 SES Foam LLC Sucraseal™ 0.5 lb Spray Foam 0.5 High 2

SWD Urethane Quik-Shield 100X 0.5 High 2

SWD Urethane Quik-Shield 106 0.5 High 2

SWD Urethane Quik-Shield 108 0.4 High 2

SWD Urethane Quik-Shield 112 2 High 3



SWD Urethane Quik-Shield 450 2 High 3 Notes: AA = Alternatives Assessment; CalDTSC = California Department of Toxic Substances Control; dba = Doing Business As; MDI = Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; NA = Not Applicable (due to A-side SDS); SDS = Safety Data Sheet; SPF = Spray Polyurethane Foam. (1) Groups: 1 = Low Pressure; 2 = High Pressure, 0.5 lb/f3, Open Cell; 3 = High Pressure, 2 lb/f3, Closed Cell; 4 = High Pressure, 3 lb+/f3, Closed Cell. (2) Accella Polyurethane Systems dba Acella Polyurethane Systems, Carlisle Spray Foam Insulation, Carlisle Roof Foam and Coatings. (3) A single SDS covers both BAYSEAL 2.7 and BAYSEAL 3.0. (4) PREMISEAL 305 was replaced by PREMISEAL 70. (5) PREMISEAL 350 was replaced by PREMISEAL 70. (6) Elastrospray 8000A is the A-side SDS for all BASF Priority Products in the notification. (7) FROTH-PAK™ Sealant uses "FROTH-PAK™ ISO INT AF HFC" for the A-side and "FROTH-PAK™ Polyol INT 1.75 HFC" for the B-side; FROTH-PAK™ Insulation uses "FROTH-PAK™ ISO INT AF HFC" for the A-side and "FROTH-PAK™ Class A Polyol INT" for the B-side; FROTH-PAK™ Ultra uses "FROTH-PAK™ Ultra 17gal REF ISO" for the A-side and "FROTH-PAK™ Ultra 17gal REF Polyol" for the B-side; STYROFOAM™ SPF uses "Dow 3019" for the A-side and "STYROFOAM™ SPF CM 2045 Polyol" for the B-side (8) ISO – Isocyanate – Iso Component A is the A-side SDS to all high-pressure Firestone/Gaco products, other than FB28-120 – GacoFlashFoam – Component A & B. (9) Ultra-Thane 230-2.0 shares the same SDS as Ultra-Thane 230-2.5, 2.7, and 3.0 Roof Foam. (10) While Johns Manville choose to include the names of the three Priority Products in the AA, Johns Manville maintains the confidential business information claim on all other information submitted to CalDTSC. (11) Barnhardt Manufacturing Company dba NCFI® Polyurethanes.

\\camfs\G_Drive\Projects\219065_Sprayfoam AA\Deliverables\Appendix D Cover Sheet Only April30.docx

Appendix D

Pharos Hazard Results and GreenScreen® Hazard Interpretation Guide


Pharos Hazard Results

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2. Chemicals and Materials

3. [101-68-8] METHYLENE BISPHENYL DIISOCYANATE (PURE MDI)

[101-68-8] METHYLENE BISPHENYL DIISOCYANATE (PURE MDI)

• General Information

• Hazards

• Compound Groups

• Process Chemistry Research

• GreenScreen

• C2C

CAS RN: 101-68-8

Synonyms: [153986-89-1] 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; [201528-77-0] 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate;

[53633-14-0] 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; [57460-66-9] 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; [77090-48-3]

4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; [88001-94-9] 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; [97568-33-7] 4,4'-

Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; [1211266-59-9] 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; [1220313-65-4] 4,4'-


Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (primary CASRN is 101-68-8); [1588489-56-8] 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate

(primary CASRN is 101-68-8); [2031250-39-0] 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (primary CASRN is 101-68-8);

[2056146-02-0] 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (primary CASRN is 101-68-8); [142690-07-1] 4,4'-


Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; (S)-9,10-Difluro-3-methyl-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzoxazine-

6-carboxylic acid; 1-Isocyanato-4-(4-isocyanatobenzyl)benzene #; 1-isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]

benzene; 1,1'-Methylenebis(4-isocyanatobenzene); 4-[(4-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzenisocyanate; 4-4'-

Diisocyanate de diphenylmethane; 4-4'-Diisocyanate de diphenylmethane [French]; 4,4'- diphenylmethane

diisocyanate; 4,4'-,2,4'-,2,2'-Diisocyanatodiphenylmethane; 4,4'-Diisocyanate de diphenylmethane; 4,4'-

Diisocyanatodiphenylmethane; 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate; 4,4'-Diphenylmethanediisocyanate; 4,4'-

Diphenylmethanediisocyante; 4,4'-MDI; 4,4'-MDI, analytical standard; 4,4'-Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; 4,4'-

Methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate); 4,4'-methylenebis(phenylisocyanate); 4,4'-Methylenebis[phenyl isocyanate]; 4,4'-

Methylenedi-p-phenylene diisocyanate; 4,4'-Methylenedi(phenyl diisocyanate); 4,4'-Methylenedi(phenyl

isocyanate); 4,4'-Methylenedi(phenylene isocyanate); 4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate; 4,4'-Methylenediphenyl

isocyanate; 4,4'-Methylenediphenylene diisocyanate; 4,4'-Methylenediphenylene isocyanate; 4,4''-Diphenylmethane

diisocyanate; 4,4'diisocyanatodiphenylmethane; 4,4'diphenylmethane diisocyanate; 4,4’-MDI;

4,4/'-Methylenediphenyldiisocyanate; Bayer Desmodur 44; Benzene, 1,1'-methylenebis(4-isocyanato-; Benzene, 1,1'-

methylenebis[4-isocyanato-; Benzene,1'-methylenebis[4-isocyanato-; Bis(1,4-isocyanatophenyl)methane; Bis

(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane; Bis(p-isocyanatophenyl)methane; Bis(para-isocyanatophenyl)methane; Caradate 30;

Crude MDI; Desmodur 44; Di-(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane; Difenil-metan-diisocianato; Difenil-metan-diisocianato

[Italian]; Difenylmethaan-diisocyanaat; Difenylmethaan-dissocyanaat; Difenylmethaan-dissocyanaat [Dutch];

Page 1 of 12Pharos Project : Materials : METHYLENE BISPHENYL DIISOCYANATE (PURE MDI)

7/30/2019https://www.pharosproject.net/material/show/2009181

Diphenyl methane diisocyanate; diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate; Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat;

Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat [German]; diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanate; Diphenylmethane 4,4-diisocyanate;

Diphenylmethane 4,4'-diisocyanate; Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; Diphenylmethane p,p'-diisocyanate;

Diphenylmethane-4,4'- Diisocyanate, Methylene Diphenyl Isocyanate; diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate;

Diphenylmethyl diisocyanate; diphenylmethylene diisocyanate; Generic MDI; Hylene M 50; Hylene M-50; Hylene

M50; Isocyanic acid, diphenylmethylene ester; Isocyanic acid, ester with diphenylmethane; Isocyanic acid,

methylenedi-p-phenylene ester; Isocyanic acid, methylenediphenylene ester; Isonate; MDI; MDR; Methylbisphenyl

isocyanate; Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate; Methylene di-p-phenylene isocyanate; Methylene diphenyl

diisocyanate; Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate and polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; Methylenebis

(4-isocyanatobenzene); Methylenebis(4-phenyl isocyanate); Methylenebis(4-phenylene isocyanate); Methylenebis

(4-Phenylisocyanate); Methylenebis(4,4'-phenyl isocyanate); Methylenebis(p-phenyl isocyanate); Methylenebis

(p-phenylene isocyanate); Methylenebis(para-phenyl isocyanate); Methylenebis(para-phenylene isocyanate);

methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate); Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate); Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate)

[Diisocyanates]; Methylenebis[4-isocyanatobenzene]; Methylenebis[4-phenyl isocyanate]; Methylenebis

[4-phenylene isocyanate]; Methylenebis[p-phenyl isocyanate]; Methylenebis[p-phenylene isocyanate];

Methylenebisphenyl diisocyanate; methylenebisphenylene diisocyanate; Methylenedi-p-phenyl diisocyanate;

Methylenedi-p-phenylene diisocyanate; Methylenedi-para-phenylene diisocyanate; Methylenedi(p-phenyl

isocyanate); Methylenedi(p-phenylene diisocyanate); Methylenedi(p-phenylene isocyanate); Methylenediphenyl 4,4'-

Diisocyanate; Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate; Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-; Non-isomeric-specific MDI;

p,p'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; p,p'-Methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate); p,p'-Methylenebis[phenyl isocyanate];

para,para'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; para,para'-Methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate); Para'-Diphenylmethane

Diisocyanate; PMDI; Polymeric 4,4-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate; Polymeric mdi; Polymethylene polyphenyl

isocynate; Pure MDI; Rubinate 44

PubChem CID: 7570

Used in Product Categories: Thermal Insulation, Resilient Flooring, Adhesives, Foamed-in-Place Insulation,

Flooring, Resilient Flooring Adhesives, Carpet - Tile and Sheet, Carpet Backing, Wood Flooring Adhesives,

Casework Adhesives, Fluid-Applied Flooring Systems, MDF, Foamed-in-Place Insulation Components, Resilient

Flooring Adhesive Components, Wood Flooring Adhesive Components, Wood Flooring, Carpet Backing

Components, Engineered Wood Flooring, Composite Wood, Casework Adhesive Components, Particle Board,

Fluid-Applied Flooring Components (Wet)

Description:

Used as a binder in composite wood products

See also PMDI 9016-87-9 - a polymeric version of MDI that can contain up to 50% MDI

Manufacturing method: Benzene and nitric acid are reacted to produce nitrobenzene. Nitrobenzene is reacted with

hydrogen to form aniline. Aniline is reacted with formaldehyde to form 4,4'-methylene dianiline, which is then

phosgenated to produce MDI. The phosgenation process is a reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine. From Figure

2, Polyurethane MDI Handbook, BASF, February 2000 (p.5) available at:

http://www2.basf.us/urethanechemicals/Specialty_Systems/pdfs/2000mdihandbook.pdf

Website (if applicable): Not provided

Functional Uses:

• Unknown function in elmers probond polyurethane glue p9401,9402,9405,9406 1 (arts and crafts), percentage:

10-30% (CPDat). Added on 06/29/18.

• Unknown function in great stuff gaps & cracks 1 (home maintenance) (CPDat). Added on 06/29/18.

• Unknown function in liquid nails rhino ultra glue 1 (personal care), percentage: 5-10% (CPDat). Added on

06/30/18.

• manufacture of lacquer coatings, polyurethane resins, and spandex fibers (CA Office of Environmental Health

Hazard Assessment (OEHHA)). Added on 08/15/18.



• not reported in cosmetics (CosIng - European Commission's Cosmetic Ingredient Database). Added on

03/17/18.

• preparation of polyurethane resin and spandex fibers; bonding rubber to rayon and nylon (TOXNET

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)). Added on 07/17/18.

VOC designation: SVOC (Boiling point: 314 degrees Celsius)

• View products containing this material

My Project Lists

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information.

Direct Hazards:

CANCER

EU - Annex VI CMRs - Carcinogen Category 2 - Suspected human Carcinogen

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H351 - Suspected of causing cancer

MAK - Carcinogen Group 4 - Non-genotoxic carcinogen with low risk under

MAK/BAT levels

GHS - Australia - H351 - Suspected of causing cancer

GHS - New Zealand - 6.7B - Suspected human carcinogens

IARC - Group 3 - Agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

US EPA - IRIS Carcinogens - (1986) Group D - Not classifiable as to human

carcinogenicity

US EPA - IRIS Carcinogens - (1996) Carcinogenic potential cannot be determined

+ 7

DEVELOPMENTALMAK - Pregnancy Risk Group C

RESPIRATORY

MAK - Sensitizing Substance Sah - Danger of airway & skin sensitization

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H334 - May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or

breathing difficulties if inhaled

CHE - Toxicant Database - Asthma - allergen, sensitizer - strong evidence

CHE - Toxicant Database - Rhinitis – allergic - strong evidence

GHS - Japan - Respiratory sensitizer - Category 1

GHS - Australia - H334 - May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing

difficulties if inhaled

GHS - Korea - Respiratory sensitization - Category 1 [H334 - May cause allergy or

asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled]

GHS - New Zealand - 6.5A (respiratory) - Respiratory sensitisers (Cat. 1)

US EPA - PPT Chemical Action Plans - Inhalation sensitizer causing asthma and

lung damage

AOEC - Asthmagens - Asthmagen (G) - generally accepted

+ 9

MAMMALIANEU - GHS (H-Statements) - H332 - Harmful if inhaled

GHS - Australia - H330 - Fatal if inhaled

GHS - Japan - Acute toxicity (inhalation: dust, mist) - Category 2

+ 8



GHS - New Zealand - 6.1B (inhalation) - Acutely toxic

Québec CSST - WHMIS 1988 - Class D1A - Very toxic material causing immediate

and serious toxic effects

GHS - Korea - Acute toxicity (inhalation) - Category 4 [H332 - Harmful if inhaled]

GHS - New Zealand - 6.1D (inhalation) - Acutely toxic

GHS - New Zealand - 6.1E (oral) - Acutely toxic

EU - Manufacturer REACH hazard submissions - H331 - Toxic if inhaled (unverified)

EYE IRRITATION

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H319 - Causes serious eye irritation

GHS - Korea - Serious eye damage/irritation - Category 2 [H319 - Causes serious

eye irritation]

GHS - Australia - H319 - Causes serious eye irritation

GHS - New Zealand - 6.4A - Irritating to the eye (Cat. 2A)

GHS - Japan - Serious eye damage / eye irritation - Category 2B

+ 4

SKIN IRRITATION

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H315 - Causes skin irritation

GHS - Japan - Skin corrosion / irritation - Category 2

GHS - Australia - H315 - Causes skin irritation

GHS - Korea - Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 2 [H315 - Causes skin irritation]

GHS - New Zealand - 6.3A - Irritating to the skin (Cat. 2)

EU - Manufacturer REACH hazard submissions - H314 - Causes severe skin burns and

eye damage (unverified)

+ 5

SKIN SENSITIZE

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction

GHS - Japan - Skin sensitizer - Category 1

GHS - Korea - Skin sensitization - Category 1 [H317 - May cause an allergic skin

reaction]

GHS - New Zealand - 6.5B (contact) - Contact sensitisers (Cat. 1)

GHS - Australia - H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction

+ 4

ORGAN

TOXICANT EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H335 - May cause respiratory irritation

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H373 - May cause damage to organs through prolonged

or repeated exposure

GHS - Japan - Specific target organs/systemic toxicity following single exposure -

Category 1

GHS - New Zealand - 6.9A (inhalation) - Toxic to human target organs or systems

(Cat. 1)

GHS - Australia - H372 - Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated

exposure

GHS - Japan - Specific target organs/systemic toxicity following repeated exposure -

Category 1

GHS - Korea - Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 3 [H335 -

May cause respiratory irritation]

GHS - Australia - H335 - May cause respiratory irritation

GHS - Korea - Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure - Category 2

+

10



[H373 - May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure]

EU - Manufacturer REACH hazard submissions - H370 - Causes damage to organs

(unverified)

EU - Manufacturer REACH hazard submissions - H371 - May cause damage to organs

(unverified)

MULTIPLE

Québec CSST - WHMIS 1988 - Class D2A - Very toxic material causing other

toxic effects

Québec CSST - WHMIS 1988 - Class D2B - Toxic material causing other toxic

effects

EC - CEPA DSL - Inherently Toxic to Humans (iTH)

EC - CEPA Toxic Substances (Sched 1) - CEPA Toxics

German FEA - Substances Hazardous to Waters - Class 1 - Low Hazard to Waters

+ 4

RESTRICTED LIST

EU - SVHC Authorisation List - May use an Annex XIV chemical in its life cycle -

banned unless authorized

CA SCP - Candidate Chemicals - Candidate Chemical List

CA SCP - Candidate Chemicals - Chemicals of Concern

EU - PACT-RMOA Substances - Substances selected for RMOA or hazard assessment

EU - REACH Annex XVII non-CMRs - Substances restricted under REACH

HBN - Priority Asthmagens - Priority Asthmagen to Avoid

MDH - Chemicals of High Concern and Priority Chemicals - Chemicals of High

Concern

P+W - Precautionary List - Precautionary list of asthma triggers

P+W - Precautionary List - Precautionary list of asthmagens

SCHF - Hazardous 100 - Chemicals of high concern

US EPA - Hazardous Air Pollutants - HAPs subject to the Clean Air Act

US EPA - PPT Chemical Action Plans - EPA Chemical of Concern - Action Plan

published

+

11

Potential Residual Hazards:

See Process Chemistry Research tab for details on residuals and other substances used in manufacture.

None identified

Compound Groups (3):

• ISOCYANATES *

• METHYLENE DIPHENYL DIISOCYANATE (MDI) COMPOUNDS

• POLYISOCYANATE COMPOUNDS

Process Chemistry Research Status: Preliminary literature review drafted

Process Chemistry - Other:

MaterialHazard

Type Frequency Percentage NotesSubstance Residual Manufacturing

[101-77-9] 4,4'-

METHYLENE

DIANILINE

(MDA)

Reactant Integral Unknown



[62-53-3] ANILINE Reactant Integral Unknown

[71-43-2]

BENZENEReactant Integral Unknown

[7782-50-5]

CHLORINEReactant Frequent Unknown

[50-00-0]

FORMALDEHYDEReactant Integral Unknown

[1333-74-0]

HYDROGENReactant Integral Unknown

[7697-37-2]

NITRIC ACIDReactant Integral Unknown

[98-95-3]

NITROBENZENEReactant Integral Unknown

[75-44-5]

PHOSGENEReactant Frequent Unknown

This material is used in the process chemistry of:

MaterialHazard


[25686-28-6] 4,4'-

MDI

HOMOPOLYMER

MonomerIntegral

(known)Unknown

[9016-87-9]

POLYMERIC MDI

(PMDI)

Monomer Integral Unknown

[9017-01-0]

POLYMERIC TDIComponent

Frequent

(known)Unknown

[64440-88-6]

POLYURETHANEMonomer

Frequent

(known)Unknown

[9009-54-5]

POLYURETHANE

FOAMS

Reactant Frequent Unknown

[68083-75-0]

Propylene oxide,

ethylene oxide,

1,2-propanediol,

diphenylmethane-4,4'-

diisocyanate polymer


GreenScreen for Safer Chemicals Full Assessment: None available

Highest concern GreenScreen score : LT-UNK (Benchmark Unknown)

Cradle to Cradle Certified™ List Hazards

What are C2C hazards and what do these colors mean?

×




What are the C2C Hazards? The Cradle to Cradle Certified Product Standard establishes a Material Health

Assessment Methodology which assigns hazard ratings to 24 individual human and environmental health endpoints.

Roll your cursor over the abbreviations (C, M, R+D, etc) in the table to see the full name of each endpoint

(Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, etc). Organohalogen and Toxic Metal are classes of

chemicals generally associated with significant human and environmental health issues and are specially treated in

the C2C Standard.

The hazard rating is a Green-Yellow-Red-Grey color scheme based upon available toxicity and fate information:

• Green: no hazard identified for the endpoint

• Red: hazard identified for the endpoint

• Yellow: borderline

• Grey: no data available for the endpoint

This tab shows the preliminary hazard ratings based upon hazard lists tracked in the Pharos Chemical & Material

Library. During full assessment for certification purposes, Grey hazards must be filled by an accredited assessor and

other list-based hazards may be overridden.

Why are these rating colors sometimes different from the GreenScreen or Pharos rating colors? The C2C

hazard rating colors are similar to those used in the GreenScreen system and in Pharos, with some distinctions.

Pharos has two additional rating colors - orange and purple - not used in the C2C or GreenScreen systems. Pharos

orange, red and purple ratings generally encompass the C2C & GreenScreen red ranges. There are some distinctions

between the GreenScreen and C2C thresholds that result in different color assignments that are under consideration

for harmonization. See the Material Health Evaluation Programs Harmonization Opportunities Report for details. For

substances that have been fully assessed under the GreenScreen protocol, there may be different colors due to the

application of data from studies that provide information beyond that in the hazard lists.

If interested in assessing the chemicals in a product, please also review the link below describing "How to Use These

Scores in a C2C Assessment".

How to Use These Scores in a C2C Assessment

×


The top table displays preliminary hazard ratings for individual endpoints based on the hazard lists a given chemical

appears on. During the assessment, an accredited Cradle to Cradle Certified Material Health Assessor may override

these list-based hazard ratings based on information from other sources. Additionally, a red hazard rating in any one

endpoint does not automatically mean that a substance will be x-assessed and targeted for phase-out, as exposure

relevant to the endpoint may be deemed non-plausible for the substance depending on the material and product

context in which it is being assessed.

The bottom table (Full Hazard List by Endpoint) includes all warnings associated with the substance from each of

the authoritative hazard lists used by C2C, as well as additional lists in the Pharos Chemical and Material Library.

C2C lists are labeled with their C2C hazard rating (Red, Yellow, or Green), while non-C2C lists are labeled as "not

rated".

The ratings for the hazard lists used in this tool are based on Table 9 in the Material Assessment Methodology,

Cradle to Cradle Certified Version 3.0 with a few minor adjustments/additions to allow for direct mapping from

GreenScreen list translator results for a subset of the covered lists. The v3.0 Material Assessment Methdology

document can be found on the C2C Resources page at http://www.c2ccertified.org/resources/collection-page/cradle-

to-cradle-certified-resources.



Key

R: Red hazard level

Y: Yellow hazard level

G: Green hazard level

?: On a hazard list that has not been rated by C2C

-: Not listed on any C2C or Pharos hazard lists

Acute and

Chronic

Tox.

Acute Aquatic

Tox.

Chronic Aquatic

Tox.

C M R+D E O D I O/D/I N IrS+IrE SnS+SnR Fish Inv. Alg. Any Fish Inv. Alg. Any T P B Climate Organohalogen

R - R/Y/G - ? - R R - Y R - - - - - - - - - - - G NL

Full Hazard List By Endpoint:

Carcinogenicity

EU - Annex VI CMRs - Carcinogen Category 2 - Suspected human Carcinogen:

Red

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H351 - Suspected of causing cancer: Red

GHS - Australia - H351 - Suspected of causing cancer: Red

IARC - Group 3 - Agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans:

Red, Yellow, or Green

US EPA - IRIS Carcinogens - (1986) Group D - Not classifiable as to human

carcinogenicity: Red, Yellow, or Green

US EPA - IRIS Carcinogens - (1996) Carcinogenic potential cannot be

determined: Red, Yellow, or Green

MAK - Carcinogen Group 4 - Non-genotoxic carcinogen with low risk under

MAK/BAT levels: Yellow

GHS - New Zealand - 6.7B - Suspected human carcinogens: Not rated

Mutagenicity not listed

Reproductive Toxicity (Repro +

Dev)MAK - Pregnancy Risk Group C: Red, Yellow, or Green

Endocrine Disruption not listed

Oral Toxicity GHS - New Zealand - 6.1E (oral) - Acutely toxic: Not rated

Dermal Toxicity not listed

Inhalative Toxicity

GHS - Australia - H330 - Fatal if inhaled: Red

GHS - Japan - Acute toxicity (inhalation: dust, mist) - Category 2: Red

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H332 - Harmful if inhaled: Red or Yellow

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H335 - May cause respiratory irritation: Yellow

GHS - Australia - H335 - May cause respiratory irritation: Yellow

GHS - Korea - Acute toxicity (inhalation) - Category 4 [H332 - Harmful if

inhaled]: Yellow

GHS - Korea - Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 3

[H335 - May cause respiratory irritation]: Yellow

GHS - New Zealand - 6.1B (inhalation) - Acutely toxic: Not rated

GHS - New Zealand - 6.1D (inhalation) - Acutely toxic: Not rated

GHS - New Zealand - 6.9A (inhalation) - Toxic to human target organs or

systems (Cat. 1): Not rated

Oral, Dermal, and/or Inhalative

Toxicity

GHS - Australia - H372 - Causes damage to organs through prolonged or

repeated exposure: Red

GHS - Japan - Specific target organs/systemic toxicity following repeated



exposure - Category 1: Red

GHS - Japan - Specific target organs/systemic toxicity following single exposure

- Category 1: Red

Québec CSST - WHMIS 1988 - Class D1A - Very toxic material causing

immediate and serious toxic effects: Red

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H373 - May cause damage to organs through

prolonged or repeated exposure: Yellow

GHS - Korea - Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure - Category 2

[H373 - May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure]:

Yellow

Neurotoxicity not listed

Skin, Eye, and Respiratory

Corrosion/Irritation

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H315 - Causes skin irritation: Yellow

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H319 - Causes serious eye irritation: Yellow

GHS - Australia - H315 - Causes skin irritation: Yellow

GHS - Australia - H319 - Causes serious eye irritation: Yellow

GHS - Japan - Serious eye damage / eye irritation - Category 2B: Yellow

GHS - Japan - Skin corrosion / irritation - Category 2: Yellow

GHS - Korea - Serious eye damage/irritation - Category 2 [H319 - Causes

serious eye irritation]: Yellow

GHS - Korea - Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 2 [H315 - Causes skin

irritation]: Yellow

GHS - New Zealand - 6.3A - Irritating to the skin (Cat. 2): Not rated

GHS - New Zealand - 6.4A - Irritating to the eye (Cat. 2A): Not rated

Skin and Respiratory

Sensitization

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction: Red


breathing difficulties if inhaled: Red

GHS - Australia - H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction: Red


difficulties if inhaled: Red

GHS - Japan - Respiratory sensitizer - Category 1: Red

GHS - Japan - Skin sensitizer - Category 1: Red

GHS - Korea - Respiratory sensitization - Category 1 [H334 - May cause allergy

or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled]: Red

GHS - Korea - Skin sensitization - Category 1 [H317 - May cause an allergic

skin reaction]: Red

AOEC - Asthmagens - Asthmagen (G) - generally accepted: Red, Yellow, or

Green

GHS - New Zealand - 6.5A (respiratory) - Respiratory sensitisers (Cat. 1): Not

rated

GHS - New Zealand - 6.5B (contact) - Contact sensitisers (Cat. 1): Not rated

CHE - Toxicant Database - Rhinitis – allergic - strong evidence: Not rated

CHE - Toxicant Database - Asthma - allergen, sensitizer - strong evidence: Not

rated


lung damage: Not rated

Acute Aquatic Toxicity (Fish) not listed

Acute Aquatic Toxicity

(Invertibrates)not listed

Acute Aquatic Toxicity (Algae) not listed

Acute Aquatic Toxicity (Fish,

Invertibrates, and/or Algae)not listed

Chronic Aquatic Toxicity (Fish) not listed



Chronic Aquatic Toxicity

(Invertibrates)

not listed

Chronic Aquatic Toxicity (Algae) not listed

Chronic Aquatic Toxicity (Fish,


Terrestrial not listed

Persistence not listed

Bioaccumulation not listed

Climatic Relevance not listed

Organohalogen

not listed - This chemical is not on the Pharos list of organohalogens, but we

may have missed a few. Please double-check the chemical structure to confirm

there are no carbon-halogen bonds.

Toxic Metal

not listed - This chemical is not on the Pharos list of toxic metals, but we may

have missed a few. Please double-check the chemical structure to confirm there

are no toxic metals.

Other (Human Health) not listed

Multiple Endpoints

EC - CEPA DSL - Inherently Toxic to Humans (iTH): Red

EC - CEPA Toxic Substances (Sched 1) - CEPA Toxics: Red

German FEA - Substances Hazardous to Waters - Class 1 - Low Hazard to

Waters: Red

MAK - Sensitizing Substance Sah - Danger of airway & skin sensitization: Red

Québec CSST - WHMIS 1988 - Class D2A - Very toxic material causing other

toxic effects: Red

Québec CSST - WHMIS 1988 - Class D2B - Toxic material causing other toxic

effects: Red

×

Substance Hazard

This color reflects the highest hazard associated directly with this substance by an authoritative hazard list.

The colors represent the relative level of hazard, ranging from purple (highest concern) through red, orange, and

yellow to green (lowest concern).

Grey indicates that the authoritative hazard listing is ambiguous and covers a wide range of possible hazard levels.

Blue indicates that the substance is referenced on a restricted substance list (RSL) rather than an authoritative hazard

list.

For a full description of authoritative hazard lists used in Pharos and of the derivation of the hazard level indicators,

see the complete Pharos Chemical and Material Library Description.

For the authoritative hazard list that is the source of this hazard color, see the "Hazard" tab on the chemical /

material's page.

×

Residual Hazard

This color reflects the highest hazard associated with residual chemicals that our research indicates may be present

with the chemical. These residuals consist of all process chemicals in the following categories:



• Monomers

• Catalysts

• Non-reactive Additives

• Pollutants and Contaminants

• Other known residuals

Hazards are drawn from process chemicals far upstream in the manufacturing process as well as the immediate

precursors to this chemical.





list.



For the source of this hazard, see the "Process Chemistry Research" tab on the chemical's page.

×

Manufacturing Hazard

This color reflects the highest hazard associated with chemicals that our research categorizes as “frequent” or

“integral” to the production of a chemical. The manufacturing score is included to surface potential hazards upstream

in the manufacturing process that may or may not be present as residuals. Hazards are drawn from process chemicals

far upstream in the manufacturing process as well as the immediate precursors to this chemical.





list.




×

GreenScreen

The Pharos scoring system is informed by the GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals, a benchmarking system to rank

the safety of chemicals on a 4 point hazard scale and encourage progress toward safer alternatives. Chemicals that

have undergone a full GreenScreen assessment by Licensed GreenScreen Profilers are given a Benchmark score,

which is the most authoritative. Chemicals that have been assessed using an automated comparison to hazard lists are

given a List Translator score, which is less authoritative. Full GreenScreen assessments trump results from List

Translator scoring.



GreenScreen Scores in order from highest concern to lowest concern are:

• Benchmark 1

• LT-1 - List Translator Likely Benchmark 1

• LT-P1 - List Translator Possible Benchmark 1

• LT-UNK - List Translator Benchmark Unknown

• Benchmark U

• Benchmark 2

• Benchmark 3

• Benchmark 4

For more information, see the "GreenScreen" tab on the chemical's page or visit www.greenscreenchemicals.org.

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3. [26447-40-5] DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE (MDI) - NON ISOMER SPECIFIC

[26447-40-5] DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE (MDI) - NON

ISOMER SPECIFIC


• Hazards

• Compound Groups


• GreenScreen

• C2C

CAS RN: 26447-40-5

Synonyms: [12125-47-2] 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; [156580-59-5] 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate;

[28515-38-0] 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; [65916-89-4] 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; [327155-87-3] 4,4'-

Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; (S)-9,10-Difluro-3-methyl-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzoxazine-6-

carboxylic acid; 1-Isocyanato-4-(4-isocyanatobenzyl)benzene #; 1-isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene;

1,1'-Methylenebis(4-isocyanatobenzene); 1,1'-METHYLENEBIS(ISOCYANATOBENZENE); 4-[(4-isocyanatophenyl)

methyl]benzenisocyanate; 4-4'-Diisocyanate de diphenylmethane; 4-4'-Diisocyanate de diphenylmethane [French]; 4,4'-

diphenylmethane diisocyanate; 4,4'-,2,4'-,2,2'-Diisocyanatodiphenylmethane; 4,4'-Diisocyanate de diphenylmethane;

4,4'-Diisocyanatodiphenylmethane; 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; 4,4'-Diphenylmethanediisocyanate; 4,4'-

Diphenylmethanediisocyante; 4,4'-MDI; 4,4'-MDI, analytical standard; 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; 4,4'-

Methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate); 4,4'-methylenebis(phenylisocyanate); 4,4'-Methylenebis[phenyl isocyanate]; 4,4'-

Methylenedi-p-phenylene diisocyanate; 4,4'-Methylenedi(phenyl diisocyanate); 4,4'-Methylenedi(phenyl isocyanate);

4,4'-Methylenedi(phenylene isocyanate); 4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate; 4,4'-Methylenediphenyl isocyanate; 4,4'-

Methylenediphenylene diisocyanate; 4,4'-Methylenediphenylene isocyanate; 4,4''-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate;

4,4'diisocyanatodiphenylmethane; 4,4'diphenylmethane diisocyanate; 4,4/'-Methylenediphenyldiisocyanate; Bayer

Desmodur 44; Benzene, 1,1'-methylenebis(4-isocyanato-; Benzene, 1,1'-methylenebis[4-isocyanato-; Benzene,1'-

methylenebis[4-isocyanato-; Bis(1,4-isocyanatophenyl)methane; Bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane; Bis

(p-isocyanatophenyl)methane; Bis(para-isocyanatophenyl)methane; Caradate 30; Crude MDI; Desmodur 44;

Di-(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane; Difenil-metan-diisocianato; Difenil-metan-diisocianato [Italian]; Difenylmethaan-

diisocyanaat; Difenylmethaan-dissocyanaat; Difenylmethaan-dissocyanaat [Dutch]; Diphenyl methane diisocyanate;

diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate; Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat; Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat [German];

diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanate; Diphenylmethane 4,4-diisocyanate; Diphenylmethane 4,4'-diisocyanate;

Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; Diphenylmethane p,p'-diisocyanate; diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate;

Diphenylmethyl diisocyanate; diphenylmethylene diisocyanate; Generic MDI; Hylene M 50; Hylene M-50; Hylene

M50; Isocyanic acid, diphenylmethylene ester; Isocyanic acid, ester with diphenylmethane; Isocyanic acid, methylenedi-

p-phenylene ester; Isocyanic acid, methylenediphenylene ester; Isonate; MDI; MDR; Methylbisphenyl isocyanate;

Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate; Methylene di-p-phenylene isocyanate; Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; Methylene

Diphenyl Diisocyanate and polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate; Methylenebis(4-isocyanatobenzene);

Methylenebis(4-phenyl isocyanate); Methylenebis(4-phenylene isocyanate); Methylenebis(4,4'-phenyl isocyanate);

Methylenebis(p-phenyl isocyanate); Methylenebis(p-phenylene isocyanate); Methylenebis(para-phenyl isocyanate);

Methylenebis(para-phenylene isocyanate); Methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate); Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate);

Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) [Diisocyanates]; Methylenebis[4-isocyanatobenzene]; Methylenebis[4-phenyl

isocyanate]; Methylenebis[4-phenylene isocyanate]; Methylenebis[p-phenyl isocyanate]; Methylenebis[p-phenylene

isocyanate]; Methylenebisphenyl diisocyanate; methylenebisphenylene diisocyanate; Methylenedi-p-phenyl

diisocyanate; Methylenedi-p-phenylene diisocyanate; Methylenedi-para-phenylene diisocyanate; Methylenedi(p-phenyl

isocyanate); Methylenedi(p-phenylene diisocyanate); Methylenedi(p-phenylene isocyanate); Methylenediphenyl 4,4'-

Diisocyanate; Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate; Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-; Non-isomeric-specific MDI;

p,p'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; p,p'-Methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate); p,p'-Methylenebis[phenyl isocyanate];

para,para'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; para,para'-Methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate); PMDI; Polymeric

4,4-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate; Polymeric mdi; Polymethylene polyphenyl isocynate; Pure MDI; Rubinate 44

PubChem CID: 7570

Used in Product Categories: Thermal Insulation, Adhesives, Foamed-in-Place Insulation, Flooring, Casework

Adhesives, Fluid-Applied Flooring Systems, Resilient Flooring, Carpet - Tile and Sheet, Foamed-in-Place

Insulation Components, Resilient Flooring Adhesives, Carpet Backing, Wood Flooring Adhesives, Composite Wood,

Casework Adhesive Components, Particle Board, Fluid-Applied Flooring Components (Wet)

Description: Not provided


Functional Uses:

• Unknown function in liquid nails rhino ultra glue 1 (personal care), percentage: 5-10% (CPDat). Added on

06/30/18.

VOC designation: SVOC (Boiling point: 314 degrees Celsius)


My Project Lists

No project lists available. Lists can be added to existing projects on your account. Visit your dashboard for more

information.

Direct Hazards:

CANCEREU - Annex VI CMRs - Carcinogen Category 2 - Suspected human Carcinogen

+

3

RESPIRATORY EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H334 - May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or

breathing difficulties if inhaled

+

6

MAMMALIANEU - GHS (H-Statements) - H332 - Harmful if inhaled

+

6

EYE IRRITATIONEU - GHS (H-Statements) - H319 - Causes serious eye irritation

+

3

SKIN IRRITATIONEU - GHS (H-Statements) - H315 - Causes skin irritation

+

3

SKIN SENSITIZEEU - GHS (H-Statements) - H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction

+

4

ORGAN

TOXICANT EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H335 - May cause respiratory irritation+

5

RESTRICTED

LIST

EU - SVHC Authorisation List - May use an Annex XIV chemical in its life cycle - banned

unless authorized

+

8

MULTIPLE

EC - CEPA DSL - Inherently Toxic to Humans (iTH)+

1



None identified


• ISOCYANATES *

• METHYLENE DIPHENYL DIISOCYANATE (MDI) COMPOUNDS

• POLYISOCYANATE COMPOUNDS

Process Chemistry Research Status: Preliminary literature review done


MaterialHazard


[101-77-9]

4,4'-

METHYLENE

DIANILINE

(MDA)

Reactant Integral Unknown

[75-44-5]

PHOSGENEReactant Frequent Unknown

This material is used in the process chemistry of:

MaterialHazard


[39420-98-9] POLY[OXY

(METHYL-1,2-ETHANEDIYL)],

.ALPHA.-HYDRO-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY-,

POLYMER WITH 1,1'-METHYLENEBIS

[ISOCYANATOBENZENE]


[9009-54-5] POLYURETHANE FOAMS ReactantFrequent

(known)Unknown





×


What are the C2C Hazards? The Cradle to Cradle Certified Product Standard establishes a Material Health

Assessment Methodology which assigns hazard ratings to 24 individual human and environmental health endpoints.

Roll your cursor over the abbreviations (C, M, R+D, etc) in the table to see the full name of each endpoint

(Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, etc). Organohalogen and Toxic Metal are classes of chemicals

generally associated with significant human and environmental health issues and are specially treated in the C2C

Standard.






This tab shows the preliminary hazard ratings based upon hazard lists tracked in the Pharos Chemical & Material

Library. During full assessment for certification purposes, Grey hazards must be filled by an accredited assessor and

other list-based hazards may be overridden.

Why are these rating colors sometimes different from the GreenScreen or Pharos rating colors? The C2C hazard

rating colors are similar to those used in the GreenScreen system and in Pharos, with some distinctions. Pharos has two

additional rating colors - orange and purple - not used in the C2C or GreenScreen systems. Pharos orange, red and

purple ratings generally encompass the C2C & GreenScreen red ranges. There are some distinctions between the

GreenScreen and C2C thresholds that result in different color assignments that are under consideration for

harmonization. See the Material Health Evaluation Programs Harmonization Opportunities Report for details. For

substances that have been fully assessed under the GreenScreen protocol, there may be different colors due to the

application of data from studies that provide information beyond that in the hazard lists.

If interested in assessing the chemicals in a product, please also review the link below describing "How to Use These

Scores in a C2C Assessment".


×


The top table displays preliminary hazard ratings for individual endpoints based on the hazard lists a given chemical

appears on. During the assessment, an accredited Cradle to Cradle Certified Material Health Assessor may override

these list-based hazard ratings based on information from other sources. Additionally, a red hazard rating in any one

endpoint does not automatically mean that a substance will be x-assessed and targeted for phase-out, as exposure

relevant to the endpoint may be deemed non-plausible for the substance depending on the material and product context

in which it is being assessed.

The bottom table (Full Hazard List by Endpoint) includes all warnings associated with the substance from each of the

authoritative hazard lists used by C2C, as well as additional lists in the Pharos Chemical and Material Library. C2C lists

are labeled with their C2C hazard rating (Red, Yellow, or Green), while non-C2C lists are labeled as "not rated".

The ratings for the hazard lists used in this tool are based on Table 9 in the Material Assessment Methodology, Cradle to

Cradle Certified Version 3.0 with a few minor adjustments/additions to allow for direct mapping from GreenScreen list

translator results for a subset of the covered lists. The v3.0 Material Assessment Methdology document can be found on

the C2C Resources page at http://www.c2ccertified.org/resources/collection-page/cradle-to-cradle-certified-resources.

Key

R: Red hazard level





Acute and

Chronic Acute Aquatic

Tox.

Chronic Aquatic

Tox.

C M R+D E O D I O/D/I N IrS+IrE SnS+SnR Fish Inv. Alg. Any Fish Inv. Alg. Any T P B Climate Organohalogen

R - - - ? - R R - Y R - - - - - - - - - - - G NL


Carcinogenicity

EU - Annex VI CMRs - Carcinogen Category 2 - Suspected human Carcinogen:

Red

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H351 - Suspected of causing cancer: Red

GHS - Australia - H351 - Suspected of causing cancer: Red

GHS - New Zealand - 6.7B - Suspected human carcinogens: Not rated



Dev)not listed


Oral Toxicity GHS - New Zealand - 6.1E (oral) - Acutely toxic: Not rated


Inhalative Toxicity

GHS - Australia - H330 - Fatal if inhaled: Red

GHS - Japan - Acute toxicity (inhalation: dust, mist) - Category 2: Red

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H332 - Harmful if inhaled: Red or Yellow

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H335 - May cause respiratory irritation: Yellow

GHS - Australia - H335 - May cause respiratory irritation: Yellow

GHS - New Zealand - 6.1B (inhalation) - Acutely toxic: Not rated

GHS - New Zealand - 6.1D (inhalation) - Acutely toxic: Not rated

GHS - New Zealand - 6.9A (inhalation) - Toxic to human target organs or systems

(Cat. 1): Not rated


Toxicity

GHS - Australia - H372 - Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated

exposure: Red

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H373 - May cause damage to organs through prolonged

or repeated exposure: Yellow




EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H315 - Causes skin irritation: Yellow

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H319 - Causes serious eye irritation: Yellow

GHS - Australia - H315 - Causes skin irritation: Yellow

GHS - Australia - H319 - Causes serious eye irritation: Yellow

GHS - Japan - Serious eye damage / eye irritation - Category 2B: Yellow

GHS - Japan - Skin corrosion / irritation - Category 2: Yellow



Skin and Respiratory Sensitization

EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction: Red


breathing difficulties if inhaled: Red

GHS - Australia - H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction: Red


difficulties if inhaled: Red

GHS - Japan - Skin sensitizer - Category 1: Red

GHS - New Zealand - 6.5A (respiratory) - Respiratory sensitisers (Cat. 1): Not rated

GHS - New Zealand - 6.5B (contact) - Contact sensitisers (Cat. 1): Not rated

Quebec CSST - Asthma Agents - Agent Causing Occupational Asthma: Not rated

CHE - Toxicant Database - Rhinitis – allergic - strong evidence: Not rated

CHE - Toxicant Database - Asthma - allergen, sensitizer - strong evidence: Not

rated


lung damage: Not rated

















Organohalogen

not listed - This chemical is not on the Pharos list of organohalogens, but we may

have missed a few. Please double-check the chemical structure to confirm there are

no carbon-halogen bonds.

Toxic Metal

not listed - This chemical is not on the Pharos list of toxic metals, but we may have

missed a few. Please double-check the chemical structure to confirm there are no

toxic metals.


Multiple Endpoints

EC - CEPA DSL - Inherently Toxic to Humans (iTH): Red

German FEA - Substances Hazardous to Waters - Class 1 - Low Hazard to Waters:

Red

×

Substance Hazard






list.

For a full description of authoritative hazard lists used in Pharos and of the derivation of the hazard level indicators, see

the complete Pharos Chemical and Material Library Description.

For the authoritative hazard list that is the source of this hazard color, see the "Hazard" tab on the chemical / material's

page.

×

Residual Hazard

This color reflects the highest hazard associated with residual chemicals that our research indicates may be present with

the chemical. These residuals consist of all process chemicals in the following categories:

• Monomers

• Catalysts




Hazards are drawn from process chemicals far upstream in the manufacturing process as well as the immediate

precursors to this chemical.





list.




×


This color reflects the highest hazard associated with chemicals that our research categorizes as “frequent” or “integral”

to the production of a chemical. The manufacturing score is included to surface potential hazards upstream in the

manufacturing process that may or may not be present as residuals. Hazards are drawn from process chemicals far

upstream in the manufacturing process as well as the immediate precursors to this chemical.





list.




×

GreenScreen

The Pharos scoring system is informed by the GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals, a benchmarking system to rank the

safety of chemicals on a 4 point hazard scale and encourage progress toward safer alternatives. Chemicals that have

undergone a full GreenScreen assessment by Licensed GreenScreen Profilers are given a Benchmark score, which is the

most authoritative. Chemicals that have been assessed using an automated comparison to hazard lists are given a List

Translator score, which is less authoritative. Full GreenScreen assessments trump results from List Translator scoring.


• Benchmark 1




• Benchmark U

• Benchmark 2

• Benchmark 3

• Benchmark 4


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Contact Us

Support

Terms of Service

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Funders & In-kind


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3. [25085-99-8] BISPHENOL A DIGLYCIDYL ETHER (BADGE)

[25085-99-8] BISPHENOL A DIGLYCIDYL ETHER (BADGE)


• Hazards


• GreenScreen

• C2C

CAS RN: 25085-99-8

Synonyms: [100629-69-4] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [104137-75-9] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-

99-8); [107461-90-5] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [110737-21-8] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8);

[112603-15-3] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [115566-93-3] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [116469-

81-9] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [118815-21-7] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [122157-02-2]

Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [122538-86-7] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [123584-39-4] Araldite B

(primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [125005-11-0] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [131151-70-7] Araldite B (primary

CASRN is 25085-99-8); [132325-44-1] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [135668-53-0] Araldite B (primary CASRN is

25085-99-8); [137086-94-3] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [137545-84-7] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-







25085-99-8); [37217-54-2] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [37294-19-2] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8);

[39378-82-0] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [39475-40-6] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [41178-38-5]













Page 1 of 8Pharos Project : Materials : [25085-99-8] BISPHENOL A DIGLYCIDYL ETHER (BADGE)






























Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [1000808-10-5] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [1009069-48-0] Araldite

B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [1020667-39-3] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [1200449-05-3] Araldite B

(primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [1207980-82-2] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [1227470-34-9] Araldite B









Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [1233542-29-4] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [1254941-36-0] Araldite

B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [1262222-54-7] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [1315991-74-2] Araldite B


CASRN is 25085-99-8); [1431940-00-9] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [1442645-03-5] Araldite B (primary CASRN

is 25085-99-8); [1616883-17-0] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [1639783-41-7] Araldite B (primary CASRN is



[1860801-07-5] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [197592-26-0] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8);

[2011755-07-8] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); [2052302-38-0] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8);





CASRN is 25085-99-8); [946123-74-6] Araldite B (primary CASRN is 25085-99-8); Araldite B; Oxirane, 2,2'-

((1-methylenylidene)bis(4,1-phenyleneoxymethylene)) bis-, homopolymer; Oxirane, 2,2'-((1-methylethylidene)bis

(4,1-phenyleneoxymethylene))bis-, homopolymer ; Oxirane, 2,2'-((1-methylethylidene)bis(4,1-phenyleneoxymethylene))bis-,

homopolymer

Used in Product Categories: Resilient Flooring, Adhesives, Flooring, Resilient Flooring Adhesives, Wood Flooring Adhesives,

Casework Adhesives, Fluid-Applied Flooring Systems, Tile Installation Products, High Performance Coatings, High

Performance Coating Components, Resilient Flooring Adhesive Components, Wood Flooring Adhesive Components, Wood



Flooring, Engineered Wood Flooring, Casework Adhesive Components, Fluid-Applied Flooring Components (Wet), Grout, Tile

Installation Components (Wet), Thin Sets & Mortars, Tile Installation Components (Dry)

Description:

An epoxy polymer. The primary CAS number used for BADGE is 1675-54-3.

Website (if applicable): householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/household/brands?tbl=chem&id=1948

Functional Uses:

• Unknown function in quiksteel epoxy putty 1 (auto products), percentage: 8-16% (CPDat). Added on 06/29/18.

• Unknown function in 4 minute multi metal epoxy 8413 1 (home maintenance), manufacturer: permatex inc, percentage: 40-

50% (CPDat). Added on 06/29/18.

• pre-polymer resin in Common Product (Epoxy Flooring Adhesive), percentage: 11.56%. Added on 08/08/19.

VOC designation: Non-volatile


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Direct Hazards:

PERSISTENTEC - CEPA DSL - Persistent

ENDOCRINE EU - Priority Endocrine Disruptors - Category 2 - In vitro evidence of biological activity

related to Endocrine Disruption

MAMMALIANGHS - New Zealand - 6.1D (dermal) - Acutely toxic

+

2

CHRON

AQUATIC GHS - New Zealand - 9.1B (algal) - Very ecotoxic in the aquatic environment+

2

RESTRICTED

LISTHBN - Priority Asthmagens - Priority Asthmagen to Avoid

+

2

CANCER DK-EPA - Danish Advisory List - Carc. 2; H351 - Suspected of causing cancer (modeled)

GENE

MUTATIONDK-EPA - Danish Advisory List - Muta. 2; H341 - Suspected of causing genetic defects (modeled)

SKIN

IRRITATIONDK-EPA - Danish Advisory List - Skin Irrit. 2 - Causes skin irritation (modeled)

SKIN SENSITIZE DK-EPA - Danish Advisory List - Skin Sens. 1 - May cause an allergic skin reaction (modeled)

ACUTE

AQUATICDK-EPA - Danish Advisory List - Aquatic Acute1 - Very toxic to aquatic life (modeled)

+

1

MULTIPLEEC - CEPA DSL - Inherently Toxic to Humans (iTH)



PERSISTENTEC - CEPA DSL - Persistent - from Sodium hydroxide

EYE IRRITATIONGHS - Japan - Serious eye damage / eye irritation - Category 1 - from Sodium hydroxide

+

3

SKIN IRRITATION EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H314 - Causes severe skin burns and eye damage - from

Sodium hydroxide

+

7



ORGAN

TOXICANT GHS - Japan - Specific target organs/systemic toxicity following single exposure - Category 1 -

from Sodium hydroxide

+

1

MAMMALIAN GHS - Korea - Acute toxicity (dermal) - Category 4 [H312 - Harmful in contact with skin] - from

Sodium hydroxide

+

5

ACUTE AQUATICGHS - Japan - Hazardous to the aquatic environment (acute) - Category 3 - from Sodium hydroxide

+

2

TERRESTRIAL GHS - New Zealand - 9.3C - Harmful to terrestrial vertebrates - from Sodium hydroxide

REACTIVEGHS - Korea - H290 - May be corrosive to metals - from Sodium hydroxide

+

2

RESTRICTED LIST CA SCP - Candidate Chemicals - Candidate Chemical List - from Sodium hydroxide+

1

NEUROTOXICITYBoyes - Neurotoxicants - Neurotoxic - from Sodium hydroxide

MULTIPLEEC - CEPA DSL - Inherently Toxic to Humans (iTH) - from Sodium hydroxide

+

1

POSITIVE LIST US EPA - DfE SCIL - Green Circle - Verified Low Concern - from Sodium hydroxide


Process Chemistry - Known or Potential Residuals:

MaterialHazard


[1310-73-2]

Sodium hydroxide

Catalyst

(homogeneous/

unstructured/

unknown)

Integral Unknown


MaterialHazard


[80-05-7]

BISPHENOL A (BPA)Reactant Integral Unknown

[106-89-8]

EPICHLOROHYDRINReactant Integral Unknown


Highest concern GreenScreen score : LT-P1 (Possible Benchmark 1)



×


What are the C2C Hazards? The Cradle to Cradle Certified Product Standard establishes a Material Health Assessment

Methodology which assigns hazard ratings to 24 individual human and environmental health endpoints. Roll your cursor over the

abbreviations (C, M, R+D, etc) in the table to see the full name of each endpoint (Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive

Toxicity, etc). Organohalogen and Toxic Metal are classes of chemicals generally associated with significant human and

environmental health issues and are specially treated in the C2C Standard.








This tab shows the preliminary hazard ratings based upon hazard lists tracked in the Pharos Chemical & Material Library. During

full assessment for certification purposes, Grey hazards must be filled by an accredited assessor and other list-based hazards may be

overridden.

Why are these rating colors sometimes different from the GreenScreen or Pharos rating colors? The C2C hazard rating colors

are similar to those used in the GreenScreen system and in Pharos, with some distinctions. Pharos has two additional rating colors -

orange and purple - not used in the C2C or GreenScreen systems. Pharos orange, red and purple ratings generally encompass the

C2C & GreenScreen red ranges. There are some distinctions between the GreenScreen and C2C thresholds that result in different

color assignments that are under consideration for harmonization. See the Material Health Evaluation Programs Harmonization

Opportunities Report for details. For substances that have been fully assessed under the GreenScreen protocol, there may be

different colors due to the application of data from studies that provide information beyond that in the hazard lists.

If interested in assessing the chemicals in a product, please also review the link below describing "How to Use These Scores in a

C2C Assessment".


×


The top table displays preliminary hazard ratings for individual endpoints based on the hazard lists a given chemical appears on.

During the assessment, an accredited Cradle to Cradle Certified Material Health Assessor may override these list-based hazard

ratings based on information from other sources. Additionally, a red hazard rating in any one endpoint does not automatically mean

that a substance will be x-assessed and targeted for phase-out, as exposure relevant to the endpoint may be deemed non-plausible

for the substance depending on the material and product context in which it is being assessed.

The bottom table (Full Hazard List by Endpoint) includes all warnings associated with the substance from each of the authoritative

hazard lists used by C2C, as well as additional lists in the Pharos Chemical and Material Library. C2C lists are labeled with their

C2C hazard rating (Red, Yellow, or Green), while non-C2C lists are labeled as "not rated".

The ratings for the hazard lists used in this tool are based on Table 9 in the Material Assessment Methodology, Cradle to Cradle

Certified Version 3.0 with a few minor adjustments/additions to allow for direct mapping from GreenScreen list translator results

for a subset of the covered lists. The v3.0 Material Assessment Methdology document can be found on the C2C Resources page at

http://www.c2ccertified.org/resources/collection-page/cradle-to-cradle-certified-resources.

Key

R: Red hazard level





Acute and

Chronic

Tox.

Acute Aquatic

Tox.

Chronic Aquatic

Tox.

C M R+D E O D I O/D/I N IrS+IrE SnS+SnR Fish Inv. Alg. Any Fish Inv. Alg. Any T P B Climate OrganohalogenToxic

Metal

- - - R/Y ? ? ? - - - - - - - - ? ? ? - - R/Y - G NL NL


Carcinogenicity not listed





Dev)not listed

Endocrine DisruptionEU - Priority Endocrine Disruptors - Category 2 - In vitro evidence of biological activity

related to Endocrine Disruption: Red or Yellow

Oral Toxicity GHS - New Zealand - 6.1D (oral) - Acutely toxic: Not rated

Dermal Toxicity GHS - New Zealand - 6.1D (dermal) - Acutely toxic: Not rated

Inhalative Toxicity GHS - New Zealand - 6.1D (inhalation) - Acutely toxic: Not rated


Toxicitynot listed



Corrosion/Irritationnot listed

Skin and Respiratory Sensitization not listed







Chronic Aquatic Toxicity (Fish) GHS - New Zealand - 9.1B (fish) - Very ecotoxic in the aquatic environment: Not rated


(Invertibrates)

GHS - New Zealand - 9.1B (crustacean) - Very ecotoxic in the aquatic environment: Not

rated

Chronic Aquatic Toxicity (Algae) GHS - New Zealand - 9.1B (algal) - Very ecotoxic in the aquatic environment: Not rated




Persistence EC - CEPA DSL - Persistent: Red or Yellow



Organohalogen

not listed - This chemical is not on the Pharos list of organohalogens, but we may have

missed a few. Please double-check the chemical structure to confirm there are no carbon-

halogen bonds.

Toxic Metalnot listed - This chemical is not on the Pharos list of toxic metals, but we may have missed a

few. Please double-check the chemical structure to confirm there are no toxic metals.


Multiple Endpoints EC - CEPA DSL - Inherently Toxic to Humans (iTH): Red

×

Substance Hazard


The colors represent the relative level of hazard, ranging from purple (highest concern) through red, orange, and yellow to green

(lowest concern).


Blue indicates that the substance is referenced on a restricted substance list (RSL) rather than an authoritative hazard list.

For a full description of authoritative hazard lists used in Pharos and of the derivation of the hazard level indicators, see the

complete Pharos Chemical and Material Library Description.

For the authoritative hazard list that is the source of this hazard color, see the "Hazard" tab on the chemical / material's page.



×

Residual Hazard

This color reflects the highest hazard associated with residual chemicals that our research indicates may be present with the

chemical. These residuals consist of all process chemicals in the following categories:

• Monomers

• Catalysts




Hazards are drawn from process chemicals far upstream in the manufacturing process as well as the immediate precursors to this

chemical.


(lowest concern).






×


This color reflects the highest hazard associated with chemicals that our research categorizes as “frequent” or “integral” to the

production of a chemical. The manufacturing score is included to surface potential hazards upstream in the manufacturing process

that may or may not be present as residuals. Hazards are drawn from process chemicals far upstream in the manufacturing process

as well as the immediate precursors to this chemical.


(lowest concern).






×

GreenScreen

The Pharos scoring system is informed by the GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals, a benchmarking system to rank the safety of

chemicals on a 4 point hazard scale and encourage progress toward safer alternatives. Chemicals that have undergone a full

GreenScreen assessment by Licensed GreenScreen Profilers are given a Benchmark score, which is the most authoritative.

Chemicals that have been assessed using an automated comparison to hazard lists are given a List Translator score, which is less

authoritative. Full GreenScreen assessments trump results from List Translator scoring.




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details.

1. Dashboard


3. [55818-57-0] BISPHENOL A-EPICHLOROHYDRIN ACRYLATE

[55818-57-0] BISPHENOL A-EPICHLOROHYDRIN ACRYLATE


• Hazards

• Compound Groups


• GreenScreen

• C2C

• Sources

CAS RN: 55818-57-0

Synonyms: [100358-45-0] Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin acrylate (primary CASRN is 55818-57-0); [112326-85-9] Bisphenol

A-epichlorohydrin acrylate (primary CASRN is 55818-57-0); [148165-73-5] Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin acrylate (primary

CASRN is 55818-57-0); [187619-12-1] Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin acrylate (primary CASRN is 55818-57-0); [64176-47-2]

Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin acrylate (primary CASRN is 55818-57-0); [65742-46-3] Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin acrylate

(primary CASRN is 55818-57-0); [67383-21-5] Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin acrylate (primary CASRN is 55818-57-0); [68551-

02-0] Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin acrylate (primary CASRN is 55818-57-0); [69771-15-9] Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin acrylate





(primary CASRN is 55818-57-0); [1190729-69-1] Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin acrylate (primary CASRN is 55818-57-0);

[1228639-01-7] Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin acrylate (primary CASRN is 55818-57-0); [1215270-98-6] Bisphenol

A-epichlorohydrin acrylate (primary CASRN is 55818-57-0); [2120399-29-1] Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin acrylate (primary

CASRN is 55818-57-0); 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane; 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol; prop-2-enoic acid; 2-Propenoic acid,

polymer with (chloromethyl)oxirane and 4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis(phenol); 2-Propenoic acid, polymer with 2-(chloromethyl)

oxirane and 4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis(phenol); 4,4'-(1-Methylethylidene)bisphenol, chloromethyloxirane polymer, acrylic acid

adduct; 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol, oligomeric reaction products with 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, Esters with Acrylic acid;

Acrylic acid bisphenol A epichlorohydrin polymer; acrylic acid; 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane; 4-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]

phenol; AED 30; AED 60; Bisphenol A - epichlorohydrin acrylate; Bisphenol A - epichlorohydrin copolymer acrylate; Bisphenol A

- epichlorohydrin polymer acrylate; BISPHENOL A DIGLYCIDYL DIACRYLATE; Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin acrylate;

Bisphenol A, (chloromethyl)oxirane, acrylic acid polymer; Bisphenol A, epichlorohydrin, acrylic acid polymer; E 44, acrylate; EAS

20A; EAS 8A; ED 20 acrylate; Epoxy Resin; NEO 20A; Oxirane, (chloromethyl)-, polymer with 4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis

(phenol), 2-propenoate; Phenol, 4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis-, polymer with (chloromethyl)oxirane, 2-propenoate; Phenol,

4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis-, polymer with 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane, 2-propenoate

PubChem CID: 169944

Page 1 of 7Pharos Project : Materials : [55818-57-0] BISPHENOL A-EPICHLOROHYDRIN ACRYLATE


Used in Product Categories: Resilient Flooring, Flooring, Resilient Flooring Components, Wood Flooring, Floor Sealants and

Coatings, Engineered Wood Flooring, Solid Unfinished Wood Flooring, Solid PreFinished Wood Flooring, Flooring Finishes,

Composite Wood, Plywood, UV-Cured Finishes

Description:

"Epoxy resins are used in a range of applications including the electrical and electronic industry, building and construction industry,

powder coatings, and can and coil coatings.... The residual monomer content of bisphenol-A in the epoxy resin as produced is a

maximum of 1,000 ppm. The residual bisphenol-A will be further reacted when the product is used (i.e. when the epoxy resin is

cured)." (EU Risk Assessment, 2003)

Website (if applicable): www.ourstolenfuture.org/newscience/oncompounds/bisphenola/bpauses.htm

Functional Uses:

• film forming in cosmetics (CosIng - European Commission's Cosmetic Ingredient Database). Added on 03/17/18.

VOC designation: Non-volatile (Boiling point: 401 degrees Celsius)


My Project Lists


Direct Hazards:

PERSISTENTEC - CEPA DSL - Persistent

RESTRICTED LISTLiving Future - Living Building Red List 3.0 - Red List substances to avoid in Living Building Challenge

V3 projects

+

1

EYE IRRITATION EU - Manufacturer REACH hazard submissions - H319 - Causes serious eye irritation (unverified)

SKIN IRRITATION EU - Manufacturer REACH hazard submissions - H315 - Causes skin irritation (unverified)

SKIN SENSITIZE EU - Manufacturer REACH hazard submissions - H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction (unverified)

ORGAN

TOXICANTEU - Manufacturer REACH hazard submissions - H335 - May cause respiratory irritation (unverified)

CHRON AQUATICEU - Manufacturer REACH hazard submissions - H413 - May cause long lasting harmful effects to

aquatic life (unverified)

MULTIPLEEC - CEPA DSL - Inherently Toxic in the Environment (iTE)

+

1



CANCERCA EPA - Prop 65 - Carcinogen - from EPICHLOROHYDRIN

+

14

DEVELOPMENTAL US NIH - Reproductive & Developmental Monographs - Clear Evidence of Adverse

Effects - Developmental Toxicity - from BISPHENOL A (BPA)+ 4

REPRODUCTIVECA EPA - Prop 65 - Reproductive Toxicity - Female - from BISPHENOL A (BPA)

+

11

ENDOCRINEEU - SVHC Authorisation List - Equivalent Concern - Candidate List: endocrine disrupting

properties cause probable serious effects to the environment or human health - from BISPHENOL A

(BPA)

+ 4

GENE MUTATIONGHS - Australia - H340 - May cause genetic defects - from EPICHLOROHYDRIN

+ 4

PERSISTENTEC - CEPA DSL - Persistent - from HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (HCl)

+ 1



RESPIRATORYAOEC - Asthmagens - Asthmagen (Rr) - irritant-induced - from HYDROGEN

CHLORIDE (HCl)

+ 1

MAMMALIAN EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H311 - Toxic in contact with skin - from

EPICHLOROHYDRIN

+

28

EYE IRRITATION EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H318 - Causes serious eye damage - from BISPHENOL A

(BPA)+ 6

SKIN IRRITATION EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H314 - Causes severe skin burns and eye damage - from

HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (HCl)+ 7

SKIN SENSITIZE MAK - Sensitizing Substance Sh - Danger of skin sensitization - from

EPICHLOROHYDRIN+ 7

ACUTE AQUATIC GHS - Japan - Hazardous to the aquatic environment (acute) - Category 1 - from HYDROGEN

CHLORIDE (HCl)+ 7

CHRON AQUATIC GHS - Japan - Hazardous to the aquatic environment (chronic) - Category 2 - from BISPHENOL

A (BPA)+ 3

TERRESTRIAL GHS - New Zealand - 9.3A - Very ecotoxic to terrestrial vertebrates - from EPICHLOROHYDRIN + 1

ORGAN TOXICANT EU - GHS (H-Statements) - H335 - May cause respiratory irritation - from BISPHENOL A

(BPA)+ 7

FLAMMABLEEU - GHS (H-Statements) - H226 - Flammable liquid and vapour - from EPICHLOROHYDRIN

+ 6

REACTIVEGHS - New Zealand - 8.1A - Corrosive to metals - from HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (HCl)

+ 1

RESTRICTED LISTUS EPA - DfE SCIL - Yellow Triangle - best available in class but some hazard profile issues - from

HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (HCl)

+

24

MULTIPLE Québec CSST - WHMIS 1988 - Class D2A - Very toxic material causing other toxic effects -

from BISPHENOL A (BPA)+ 9

NEUROTOXICITYBoyes - Neurotoxicants - Neurotoxic - from EPICHLOROHYDRIN

BIOACCUMULATIVEUS EPA - PPT Chemical Action Plans - Low bioaccumulation potential - TSCA Criteria met - from

BISPHENOL A (BPA)


• Chlorinated Organic Compounds

• HALOGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS *


Process Chemistry - Known or Potential Residuals:

MaterialHazard


[80-05-7]

BISPHENOL A (BPA)Monomer Integral (known) Unknown

[106-89-8]

EPICHLOROHYDRINMonomer Integral (known) Unknown







×














overridden.









C2C Assessment".


×














Key

R: Red hazard level







Acute and

Chronic

Tox.

Acute Aquatic

Tox.

Chronic Aquatic

Tox.


Metal

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - R/Y - G R NL




Reproductive Toxicity (Repro + Dev) not listed


Oral Toxicity not listed


Inhalative Toxicity not listed


Toxicitynot listed



Corrosion/Irritationnot listed















Persistence EC - CEPA DSL - Persistent: Red or Yellow



Organohalogen HALOGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS




Multiple EndpointsEC - CEPA DSL - Inherently Toxic in the Environment (iTE): Red

German FEA - Substances Hazardous to Waters - Class 1 - Low Hazard to Waters: Red

• Agilent Technologies: Trace Level Analysis of Epichlorohydrin

• EU Risk Assessment - Bisphenol A - 2003

×



Substance Hazard



(lowest concern).






×

Residual Hazard



• Monomers

• Catalysts





chemical.


(lowest concern).






×







(lowest concern).








×

GreenScreen







• Benchmark 1




• Benchmark U

• Benchmark 2

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3. [94108-97-1] Di(trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate

[94108-97-1] Di(trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate


• Hazards


• GreenScreen

• C2C

CAS RN: 94108-97-1

Synonyms: [124449-58-7] Ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate (primary CASRN is 94108-97-1); [171903-28-9]

Ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate (primary CASRN is 94108-97-1); [173939-98-5] Ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate (primary

CASRN is 94108-97-1); [1220696-46-7] Ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate (primary CASRN is 94108-97-1); [1235721-89-7]

Ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate (primary CASRN is 94108-97-1); [2097923-15-2] Ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate (primary

CASRN is 94108-97-1); [2-[2,2-bis(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)butoxymethyl]-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)butyl] prop-2-enoate;

2-((2,2-Bis(((1-oxoallyl)oxy)methyl)butoxy)methyl)-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediyl diacrylate; 2-Propenoic acid, 1,1'-(2-((2,2-bis(((1-oxo-

2-propen-1-yl)oxy)methyl)butoxy)methyl)-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediyl) ester; 2-Propenoic acid, 1,1'-[2-[[2,2-bis[[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-

yl)oxy]methyl]butoxy]methyl]-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediyl] ester; 2-Propenoic acid, 2-((2,2-bis(((1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)methyl)

butoxy)methyl)-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediyl ester; di- TMPTA (Di -Trimethylol propane tetraacrylate); Ditrimethylolpropane

tetraacrylate

PubChem CID: 175585

Description: Not provided



My Project Lists


Direct Hazards:

EYE IRRITATIONGHS - New Zealand - 6.4A - Irritating to the eye (Cat. 2A)

+

1

SKIN IRRITATION

Page 1 of 6Pharos Project : Materials : [94108-97-1] Di(trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate


GHS - New Zealand - 6.3A - Irritating to the skin (Cat. 2)+

1

ORGAN

TOXICANTEU - Manufacturer REACH hazard submissions - H335 - May cause respiratory irritation (unverified)

CHRON AQUATICEU - Manufacturer REACH hazard submissions - H411 - Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

(unverified)

MAMMALIANGHS - New Zealand - 6.1E (inhalation) - Acutely toxic



None identified

Process Chemistry Research Status: No life cycle research started





×














overridden.









C2C Assessment".


×
















Key

R: Red hazard level





Acute and

Chronic

Tox.

Acute Aquatic

Tox.

Chronic Aquatic

Tox.


MetalOther

- - - - - - ? - - ? - - - - - - - - - - - - G NL NL -





Dev)not listed


Oral Toxicity not listed


Inhalative Toxicity GHS - New Zealand - 6.1E (inhalation) - Acutely toxic: Not rated


Toxicitynot listed

























Organohalogen

not listed - This chemical is not on the Pharos list of organohalogens, but we may have

missed a few. Please double-check the chemical structure to confirm there are no carbon-

halogen bonds.




Multiple Endpoints not listed

×

Substance Hazard



(lowest concern).






×

Residual Hazard



• Monomers

• Catalysts





chemical.


(lowest concern).








×







(lowest concern).






×

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GreenScreen® Hazard Interpretation Guide

Copyright © (2014–2018) by Clean Production Action, All rights reserved. No part of this publication is to be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from Clean Production Action.

GRE E

N S C RE EN® 51 | Clean Production Action | GreenScreen® v1.4 (January 2018)

GreenScreen Chemical Hazard

Criteria™

SeCtion V — Annex 1


GRE E


SinGle HAzArd endpointSGroup I Human Health Effects (Group I Human)

SeCtion V — Annex 1

TAblE A1 .1 : Carcinogenicity (C)

Carc

inog

enic

ity (C

)

Information Type Information Source List Type High (H) Moderate (M) Low (L)

Data GHS Criteria & Guidance GHS Category 1A (Known) or 1B (Presumed) for any route of exposure

GHS Category 2 (Suspected) for any route of exposure or limited or marginal evidence of carcinogenicity in animals

• Adequate data available and negative studies; and

• GHS not classified

A Lists US EPA – IRIS Carcinogens (1986) Authoritative Group A or B1 or B2 Group C Group E

US EPA – IRIS Carcinogens (1996, 1999, 2005)

Authoritative Known or Likely Not Likely

EU – REACH Annex XVII CMRs Authoritative Category 1 or 2 Category 3

EU – Annex VI CMRs Authoritative Carc 1A or 1B Carc 2

EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H350 or H350i H351

EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R45 or R49 R40

EU – SVHC Candidate List Authoritative Carcinogenic – Candidate list

EU – SVHC Prioritisation List Authoritative Carcinogenic – Prioritized for listing

EU – SVHC Authorisation List Authoritative Carcinogenic – Banned unless Authorised

GHS – [COUNTRY] Lists (Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan and Thailand)

Screening Category 1A or 1B or H350 or H350i Category 2 or H351 Not Classified

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 6.7A 6.7B Not Classified

IARC Authoritative Group 1 or 2a Group 2b Group 4

MAK Authoritative Carcinogen Group 1 or 2 Carcinogen Group 3A or 3B or 4 or 5

US CDC – Occupational Carcinogens Authoritative Occupational Carcinogen

US NIH – Report on Carcinogens Authoritative Known or Reasonably Anticipated

CA EPA – Prop 65 Authoritative Carcinogen

B Lists US EPA – IRIS Carcinogens (1986) Authoritative Group D

US EPA – IRIS Carcinogens (1999) Authoritative Suggestive Evidence, but not sufficient to assess human carcinogenic potential

US EPA – IRIS Carcinogens (2005) Authoritative Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential

IARC Authoritative Group 3

CA EPA – Prop 65 (with qualifications)2 Authoritative Carcinogen – specific to chemical form or exposure route

GreenScreen Chemical Hazard Criteria


GRE E


TAblE A1 .2 : Mutagenicity/Genotoxicity (M)

Mut

agen

icity

/Gen

otox

icity

(M)


Data GHS Criteria & Guidance GHS Category 1A (Known) or 1B (Presumed) for any route of exposure

GHS Category 2 (Suspected) for any route of exposure or limited or marginal evidence of mutagenicity in animals

• Adequate data available and negative studies for both chromosomal aberrations and gene mutations; and


A Lists EU – REACH Annex XVII CMRs Authoritative Category 1 or 2 Category 3

EU – Annex VI CMRs Authoritative Mutagen 1A or 1B Mutagen 2

EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H340 H341

EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R46 R68

EU – SVHC Candidate List Authoritative Mutagenic – Candidate list

EU – SVHC Prioritisation List Authoritative Mutagenic – Prioritized for listing

EU – SVHC Authorisation List Authoritative Mutagenic – Banned unless Authorised


Screening Category 1A or 1B or H340 Category 2 or H341 Not Classified

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 6.6A 6.6B Not Classified

B Lists MAK Authoritative Germ Cell Mutagen 1 or 2 or 3a

MAK Authoritative Germ Cell Mutagen 3b or 5

TAblE A1 .3 : reproductive toxicity (r)

Repr

oduc

tive T

oxic

ity (R

)


Data GHS Criteria & Guidance Note: GHS Reproductive Toxicity includes both reproductive and devel-opmental effects, while GreenScreen separates them into two distinct hazard endpoints. This classification must be based on reproductive effects alone.

GHS Category 1A (Known) or 1B (Presumed) for any route of exposure

GHS Category 2 (Suspected) for any route of exposure or limited or marginal evidence of reproductive toxicity in animals



A Lists EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H360F or H360FD or H360Fd H360Df or H361f or H361fd

EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R60 R62


Screening Category 1A (Known) or Category 1B (Presumed) or H360F or H360FD or H360Fd

Category 2 (Suspected) or H360Df or H361f or H361fd

Not Classified for reproductive effects

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 6.8A 6.8B Not Classified for reproductive effects

US NIH – Reproductive & Developmental Monographs

Authoritative Clear Evidence of Adverse Effects – Reproductive

Clear Evidence of No Adverse Effects – Reproductive

CA EPA – Prop 65 Authoritative Reproductive Toxicity – Male or Female

B Lists US NIH – Reproductive & Developmental Monographs

Authoritative Limited Evidence of Adverse Effects – Reproductive or Some Evidence of Adverse Effects – Reproductive

Limited Evidence of No Adverse Effects – Reproductive or Some Evidence of No Adverse Effects – Reproductive

Insufficient Evidence for a Conclusion – Reproductive Toxicity

CA EPA – Prop 65 (with qualifications)2 Authoritative Reproductive Toxicity – Male or Female

SeCtion V — Annex 1GreenScreen Chemical Hazard Criteria


GRE E

N S C RE EN® 54 | Clean Production Action | GreenScreen® v1.4 (January 2018)De

velo

pmen

tal T

oxic

ity (D

)


Data GHS Criteria & Guidance Note: GHS Reproductive Toxicity includes both reproductive and devel-opmental effects, while GreenScreen separates them into two distinct hazard endpoints. This classification must be based on developmental effects alone.

GHS Category 1A (Known) or 1B (Presumed) for any route of exposure or effects on or via lactation

GHS Category 2 (Suspected) for any route of exposure or limited or marginal evidence of developmental toxicity in animals



A Lists EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H360FD or H360D or H360Df or H362 H360Fd or H361d or H361fd



Screening Category 1A or 1B or effects on or via lactation or H360FD or H360D or H360Df or H362

Category 2 or H360Fd or H361d or H361fd

Not Classified for developmental effects

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 6.8A or 6.8C 6.8B Not Classified for developmental effects

US NIH – Reproductive & Developmen-tal Monographs

Authoritative Clear Evidence of Adverse Effects – Developmental

Clear Evidence of No Adverse Effects – Developmental

CA EPA – Prop 65 Authoritative Developmental toxicity

B Lists G&L – Neurotoxic Chemicals Screening Developmental Neurotoxicant

Boyes – Neurotoxicants Screening Developmental Neurotoxicity

MAK Authoritative Pregnancy Risk Group A or B

Pregnancy Risk Group C

Pregnancy Risk Group D

US NIH – Reproductive & Developmental Monographs

Authoritative Limited Evidence of Adverse Effects – Developmental or Some Evidence of Adverse Effects – Developmental

Limited Evidence of No Adverse Effects – Reproductive or Some Evidence of No Adverse Effects – Developmental

Insufficient Evidence for a Conclusion – Developmental Toxicity

CA EPA – Prop 65 (with qualifications)2 Authoritative Developmental toxicity

TAblE A1 .4 : developmental toxicity (d)



GRE E


TAblE A1 .5 : endocrine Activity (e)

End

ocrin

e Act

ivity

(E)


Data All Available Data Evidence of endocrine activity and related human health effect

Evidence of endocrine activity Adequate data available and negative studies

A Lists EU – Priority Endocrine Disrupters Screening Category 3a

EU – SVHC Candidate List Authoritative Equivalent Concern – Candidate List: endocrine disrupting properties cause probable serious effects to the environment or human health

EU – SVHC Prioritisation List Authoritative Equivalent Concern – Prioritized for Listing: endocrine disrupting properties cause prob-able serious effects to the environment or human health

EU – SVHC Authorisation List Authoritative Equivalent Concern – Banned Unless Authorized: endocrine disrupting properties cause probable serious effects to the environment or human health

B Lists EU – Priority Endocrine Disrupters Screening Category 1 or 2

Category 3b

OSPAR Authoritative Endocrine Disruptor – chemical for priority action

OSPAR Screening Endocrine Disruptor – substance of possible concern

ChemSec – SIN List Screening Endocrine Disruption

TEDX – Potential Endocrine Disruptors Screening Potential Endocrine Disruptor



GRE E



TAblE A1 .6 : Acute Mammalian toxicity (At)

Acut

e M

amm

alia

n To

xicity

(AT)

Information Type Information Source List Type Very High (vH) High (H) Moderate (M) Low (L)

Data GHS Criteria & Guidance GHS Category 1 or 2 for any route of exposure

GHS Category 3 for any route of exposure

GHS Category 4 for any route of exposure

• GHS Category 5; or• Adequate data available

and negative studies; and• GHS not classified

Guidance Values for Animal Data (see GHS for further information)

Oral LD50 (mg/kg) ≤50 >50 – 300 >300 – 2000 >2000

Dermal LD50 (mg/kg) ≤200 >200 – 1000 >1000 – 2000 >2000

Inhalation – Gas or Vapor LC50(mg/L) ≤2 >2 – 10 >10 – 20 >20

Inhalation – Dust/Mist/Fumes LC50 (mg/L)

≤0.5 >0.5 – 1.0 >1 – 5 >5

A Lists DOT1 Authoritative Class 2.3 Group A, or Class 6.1 Group 1 or Group 2

Class 6.1 Group 3

EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H300 or H310 or H330 H301 or H311or H331 H302 or H312 or H332

EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R26 or R27 or R28


Screening Category 1 or 2 or H300 or H310 or H330

Category 3 or H301 or H311 or H331

Category 4 or H302 or H312 or H332

Category 5 or H303 or H313 or H333 or Not Classified

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 6.1A or 6.1B 6.1C 6.1D 6.1E or Not Classified

B Lists US EPA – EPCRA Extremely Hazardous Substances

Authoritative Extremely Hazardous Substance

EU – R-Phrases Authoritative R20 or R21 or R22

R23 or R24 or R25

Québec CSST – WHMIS 1988 Screening D1A Toxic

D1B Toxic

SinGle HAzArd endpointSGroup II and II* Human Health Effects (Group II and II* Human)


GRE E

N S C RE EN® 57 | Clean Production Action | GreenScreen® v1.4 (January 2018)Sy

stem

ic To

xicity

/Org

an E

ffect

s (S

T)


Sing

le E

xpos

ure

Data Note: GHS includes neurotoxicity under Systemic Toxicity, while GreenScreen separates them into two distinct hazard endpoints. This classification must be based on any effects other than neurological/neurobehavioral effects.

GHS Criteria & Guidance GHS Category 1 Single Exposure for any route of exposure

GHS Category 2 Single Exposure for any route of exposure




GHS Guidance Values for Animal Data (see GHS for further information) Note above applies here too.

Oral (mg/kg-bw) ≤300 >300 – 2000

Dermal (mg/kg-bw) ≤1000 >1000 – 2000

Inhalation-Gas or Vapor (mg/L/4h) ≤10 >10 – 20

Inhalation-Dust/Mist/Fumes (mg/L/4h)

≤1.0 >1.0 – 5.0

A Lists EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H335

EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R37


Screening H335

Sing

le E

xpos

ure

- Asp

iratio

n Ha

zard

s

Data GHS Criteria & Guidance GHS Category 1 GHS Category 2 • Adequate data available and negative studies; and • GHS not classified




Screening Category 1 or H304 Category 2 or H305 “Not Classified”

B Lists GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 6.1E

Repe

ated

* Ex

posu

re

Data Note: GHS includes neurotoxicity under Systemic Toxicity, while GreenScreen separates them into two distinct hazard endpoints. This classification must be based on any effects other than neurological/neu-robehavioral effects.

GHS Criteria & Guidance GHS Category 1 Repeated Exposure for any route of exposure

GHS Category 2 Repeated Exposure for any route of exposure

• Adequate data available and negative studies; and • GHS not classified

GHS Guidance Values for Animal Data (see GHS for further information) Note above applies here too.

Oral (mg/kg-bw/day) ≤10 >10 – 100 >100

Dermal (mg/kg-bw/day) ≤20 >20 – 200 >200

Inhalation-Gas or Vapor (mg/L/6h/day)

≤0.2 >0.2 – 1.0 >1.0

Inhalation-Dust/Mist/Fumes (mg/L/6h/day)

≤0.02 >0.02 – 0.2 >0.2

A Lists EU – SVHC Candidate List Authoritative Equivalent Concern – Candidate List

EU – SVHC Prioritisation List Authoritative Equivalent Concern – Prioritized for Listing

EU – SVHC Authorisation List Authoritative Equivalent Concern – Banned Unless Authorized

TAblE A1 .7 : Systemic toxicity/organ effects (St)



GRE E


TAblE A1 .8 : neurotoxicity (n)


Neur

otox

icity

(N)


Sing

le E

xpos

ure

Data Note: GHS includes neurotoxicity under Systemic Toxicity, while GreenScreen separates them into two distinct hazard endpoints. This classification must be based on neurological/neurobehavioral effects alone.

GHS Criteria Systemic Toxicity/Organ Effects using USEPA Risk Assessment Guidance to define applicable neurotoxic effects.






GHS Guidance Values for Animal Data (see GHS for further information). Note above applies here too

Oral (mg/kg-bw) ≤300 >300 – 2000

Dermal (mg/kg-bw) ≤1000 >1000 – 2000

Inhalation-Gas or Vapor (mg/L/4h) ≤10 >10 – 20

Inhalation-Dust/Mist/Fumes (mg/L/4h)

≤1.0 >1.0 – 5.0

B Lists EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H336


GHS –[COUNTRY] Lists (Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan and Thailand)

Screening H336

Repe

ated

* Ex

posu

re

Data Note: GHS includes neurotoxicity under Systemic Toxicity, while GreenScreen separates them into two distinct hazard endpoints. This classification must be based on neurological/neurobehavioral effects alone.

GHS Criteria Systemic Toxicity/Organ Effects using USEPA Risk Assessment Guidance to define applicable neurotoxic effects.





GHS Guidance Values for Animal Data (see GHS for further information). Note above applies here too.

Oral (mg/kg-bw/day) ≤10 >10 – 100 >100

Dermal (mg/kg-bw/day) ≤20 >20 – 200 >200

Inhalation-Gas or Vapor (mg/L/6h/day)

≤0.2 >0.2 – 1.0 >1.0

Inhalation-Dust/Mist/Fumes (mg/L/6h/day)

≤0.02 >0.02 – 0.2 >0.2

Eith

er B Lists Boyes – Neurotoxicants Screening Neurotoxic3

G&L – Neurotoxic Chemicals Screening Neurotoxic3


GRE E


CONT INUED

TAblE A1 .9 : Skin Sensitization (SnS*)


Skin

Sen

sitiza

tion

(SnS

*)


Data GHS Criteria & Guidance GHS Category 1A (high frequency of occurrence)

GHS Category 1B (low to moderate frequency of occurrence)



A Lists GHS – [COUNTRY] Lists (Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan and Thailand)

Screening Category 1A Category 1B Not Classified

B Lists MAK Authoritative Sensitizing Substance Sh – Danger of skin sensitization or Sah – Danger of airway & skin sensitization


Screening H317

EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H317


GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 6.5B

TA blE A1 .10 : respiratory Sensitization (Snr*)

Resp

irato

ry S

ensit

izatio

n (S

nR*)


Data GHS Criteria & Guidance GHS Category 1A (high frequency of occurrence)

GHS Category 1B (low to moderate frequency of occurrence)



A Lists EU – SVHC Candidate List Authoritative Equivalent Concern – Candidate List: Respiratory sensitizing

EU – SVHC Prioritisation List Authoritative Equivalent Concern – Prioritized for Listing: Respiratory sensitizing

EU – SVHC Authorisation List Authoritative Equivalent Concern – Banned Unless Authorized: Respiratory sensitizing


Screening Category 1A Category 1B Not Classified

B Lists MAK Authoritative Sensitizing Substance Sa – Danger of airway sensitization or Sah – Danger of airway & skin sensitization

AOEC – Asthmagens Authoritative Asthmagen (G)

Asthmagen (Rr) and/ or (Rs) and/or (Rrs)

EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H334



Screening H334

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 6.5A


GRE E

N S C RE EN® 60 | Clean Production Action | GreenScreen® v1.4 (January 2018)Ey

e Irr

itatio

n (Ir

E)


Data GHS Criteria & Guidance GHS Category 1 (Irreversible)

GHS Category 2A (Irritating)

GHS Category 2B (Mildly irritating)

• Adequate data available and negative studies; and • GHS not classified

A Lists EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H318 H319 H320



Screening Category 1 Category 2A Category 2B Not Classified

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 8.3A Not Classified

B Lists EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R36

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 6.4A

Skin

Irrit

atio

n (Ir

S)


Data GHS Criteria & Guidance GHS Category 1 (Corrosive) GHS Category 2 (Irritant) GHS Category 3 (Mild irritant)



A Lists EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H314 H315



Screening Category 1 or H314 Category 2 or H315 Category 3 or H316 Not Classified

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 8.2A or 8.2B or 8.2C 6.3A 6.3B Not Classified

TAblE A1 .11 : Skin irritation (irS)


TAblE A1 .12 : eye irritation (ire)


GRE E

N S C RE EN® 61 | Clean Production Action | GreenScreen® v1.4 (January 2018)Pe

rsist

ence

(P)

Information Type Media & Measurement List Type Very High (vH) High (H) Moderate (M) Low (L) Very Low (vL)

Data Soil or Sediment >180 or recalcitrant >60 to 180 16 to 60 < 16 OR GHS “Rapid degradability”

Meets 10-day window in “Ready Biodegradation Test”(1/2 life in days OR Result)

Water > 60 or recalcitrant > 40 to 60 16 to 40 < 16 OR GHS “Rapid degradability”

Meets 10-day window in “Ready Biodegradation Test”(1/2 life in days OR Result)

Air > 5 or recalcitrant >2 to 5 < 2

(1/2 life in days OR Result)

Long-Range Environmental Transport Evidence Suggestive Evidence

B Lists EC - CEPA DSL Screening Persistent


TAblE A1 .13 : Acute Aquatic toxicity (AA)

Acut

e Aqu

atic

Toxic

ity (A

A)

Information Type Measurement List Type Very High (vH) High (H) Moderate (M) Low (L)

Data GHS Criteria & Guidance GHS Category 1 GHS Category 2 GHS Category 3 • Adequate data available and negative studies; and


Guidance Values (see GHS for further information)

LC50 or EC50 (mg/L) ≤1 >1 to 10 > 10 to 100 >100




Screening Category 1 or H400 Category 2 or H401 Category 3 or H402 Not Classified

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 9.1A Not Classified

B Lists EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R51 or R52

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 9.1D

TAblE A1 .14 : Chronic Aquatic toxicity (CA)

Chro

nic A

quat

ic

Toxic

ity (C

A) Information Type Measurement Very High (vH) High (H) Moderate (M) Low (L)

Data Guidance Value (mg/L) ≤0.1 >0.1 to 1.0 > 1.0 to 10 >10

TAblE A1 .15 : persistence (p)

SinGle HAzArd endpointSEcotoxicity (Ecotox)


GRE E

N S C RE EN® 62 | Clean Production Action | GreenScreen® v1.4 (January 2018)Bi

oacc

umul

atio

n Po

tent

ial (

B)

Information Type Measurement Very High (vH) High (H) Moderate (M) Low (L) Very Low (vL)

Data BAF > 5000 > 1000 to 5000 > 500 to 1000 > 100 to 500 ≤ 100

(Bioaccumulation Factor)

BCF > 5000 > 1000 to 5000 > 500 to 1000 > 100 to 500 ≤ 100

(Bioconcentration Factor)

Log Kow > 5.0 > 4.5 to 5.0 > 4.0 to 4.5 ≤ 4

(Log octanol-water partition coef-ficient)

Monitoring Data Evidence Suggestive Evidence

(Presence in humans or wildlife)

A Lists EC – CEPA DSL Screening Bioaccumulative


TAblE A1 .16 : Bioaccumulation potential (B)


GRE E



TAblE A1 .17 : reactivity (rx)

Reac

tivity

(Rx)

Information Type Measurement List Type Very High (vH) High (H) Moderate (M) Low (L)

Data - GHS Criteria & Guidance

Explosives GHS Unstable GHS Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3

GHS Division 1.4 or 1.5 Division 1.6 or Adequate data available and GHS not classified

Self-reactive Substances GHS Type A or B GHS Type C or D GHS Type E or F Type G or Adequate data available and GHS not classified

Substances which on contact with water emit flammable gases

GHS Category 1 GHS Category 2 GHS Category 3 Adequate data available and GHS not classified

Oxidizing Gases GHS Category 1 Adequate data available and GHS not classified

Oxidizing Liquids and Solids GHS Category 1 GHS Category 2 GHS Category 3 Adequate data available and GHS not classified

Organic Peroxides GHS Type A or B GHS Type C or D GHS Type E or F Type G or Adequate data available and GHS not classified

Self-heating Substances GHS Category 1 GHS Category 2 Adequate data available and GHS not classified

Substances Corrosive to Metal GHS Category 1 Adequate data available and GHS not classified

Desensitized Explosives GHS Category 1 or 2 GHS Category 3 or 4 Adequate data available and GHS not classified

A Lists DOT1 Authoritative Class 1 Group 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3

Class 1 Group 1.4, 1.5, or 1.6

Class 4.2 Group 2 Class 4.2 Group 3

Class 4.3 Group 1 Class 4.3 Group 2 Class 4.3 Group 3

Class 5.1 Group 1 Class 5.1 Group 2 Class 5.1 Group 3

Class 5.2 Type B Class 5.2 Type C or D Class 5.2 Type E or F Class 5.2 Type G

EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H200, H240, H241, H260, H271, EU-H032

H201, H202, H203, H251, H270

H204, H205, H252, H290

EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R09, R32

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 4.1.2A or 4.1.2B or 4.3A or 5.1.1A or 5.2A or 5.2B

1.1 or 1.2 or 1.3, or 4.1.2C or 4.1.2D, 4.2B, or 4.3B, or 5.1.2A, or 5.1.1B, or 5.2C or 5.2D

1.4 or 1.5, or 4.1.2E or 4.1.2F, or 4.2C, or 4.3C, or 5.1.1C, or 5.2E or 5.2F, 8.1A

1.6, 4.1.2G, or 5.2G


Screening See GreenScreen List Translator Map in Annex 12

B Lists DOT1 Authoritative Class 4.1, Class 5.2 Type A

EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative EU-H029, EU-H031

H261, H272

H242

EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R29, R31

R01, R06, R07, R15

R02, R04, R05, R08, R14, R16, R19, R44


Screening H242

H206, H207, H261, H272

Québec CSST – WHMIS 1988 Screening B6, C, or F

SinGle HAzArd endpointSPhysical Hazards


GRE E


TAblE A1 .18 : Flammability (F)


Flam

mab

ility

(F)

Information Type Measurement Very High (vH) High (H) Moderate (M) Low (L)

Data – GHS Criteria & Guidance

Flammable Liquid GHS Category 1 GHS Category 2 GHS Category 3 or 4 Adequate data available and GHS not classified

Flammable Gases (including pyrophoric gases and chemically unstable gases)

GHS Category 1A, or pyrophoric gas, or chemically unstable gas

GHS Category 1B GHS Category 2 Adequate data available and GHS not classified

Flammable Solids GHS Category 1 GHS Category 2 Adequate data available and GHS not classified

Aerosols GHS Category 1 GHS Category 2 GHS Category 3 or Adequate data available and GHS not classified

Pyrophoric Liquids GHS Category 1 Adequate data available and GHS not classified

Pyrophoric Solids GHS Category 1 Adequate data available and GHS not classified

A Lists DOT1 Authoritative Class 3 Group 1 Class 3 Group 2 or Class 4.2 Group 1

Class 3 Group 3

EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H220, H224, H230, H231 H222, H225, H250 H223, H226, H227


Québec CSST – WHMIS 1988 Screening B1 B3

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 3.1A 3.1B, or 4.1.1A or 4.2A 2.1.1B or 3.1C or 3.1D, or 4.1.1B


Screening See GreenScreen List Translator Map in Annex 12

B Lists DOT1 Authoritative Class 2.1

EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H221, H228

EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R10 (Gas or Solid), R11 (Solid)

R10 (Liquid only)

R11 (Liquid only)

R12 (Gas only)


Screening H221, H228

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 2.1.1A, 2.1.2A

Québec CSST – WHMIS 1988 Authoritative B4 or B5

B2


GRE E

N S C RE EN® 65 | Clean Production Action | GreenScreen® v1.4 (January 2018)Re

prod

uctiv

e an

d/or

Dev

elop

men

tal T

oxic

ity

Information Type Information Source List Type High (H) Moderate (M) Low (L) LT Score

Hazard Endpoints Addressed

A Lists EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R60/61 “May impair fertility” and “May cause harm to the unborn child”

1 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity

B Lists EU – REACH Annex XVII CMRs

Authoritative Toxic to Reproduction Category 1 – Substances known to impair fertility or cause Developmental Toxicity in humans

1 Reproductive and/or Developmental Toxicity

Authoritative Toxic to Reproduction Category 2 – Substances which should be regarded as if they impair fertility or cause Developmental Toxicity in humans

1

Authoritative Reproduction Category 3 – possible

UNK

EU – Annex VI CMRs Authoritative Reproductive Toxicity 1A 1

Authoritative Reproductive Toxicity 1B 1

Authoritative Reproductive Toxicity – Category 2 UNK

EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H360 (with no letters) “May damage fertility or the unborn child <state specific effect if known > <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard >.”

1

Authoritative H361 (with no letters) “Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child <state specific effect if known> <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>.”

UNK

EU – SVHC Candidate List Authoritative Toxic to reproduction – Candidate list

1

EU – SVHC Prioritisation List Authoritative Toxic to reproduction – Prioritized for listing

1

EU – SVHC Authorisation List Authoritative Toxic to reproduction – Banned unless Authorised

1


TAblE A1 .19 : Carcinogens, Mutagens, reproductive toxins (CMr)

Car

cino

gens

, M

utag

ens,

Repr

oduc

-tiv

e Tox

ins

(CM

R)

Information Type Information Source List Category List Type High (H) Moderate (M) Low (L) LT Score Hazard Endpoints Addressed

A Lists ChemSec – SIN List CMR – Carcinogen, Mutagen &/or Reproductive Toxicant

Screening P1 One or more of the following: Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity.

TA blE A1 .20 : reproductive and/or developmental toxicity

Multiple HAzArd endpointS


GRE E

N S C RE EN® 66 | Clean Production Action | GreenScreen® v1.4 (January 2018)Va

rious

Com

bina

tions

of G

roup

I, II

and

II*

Endp

oint

s


B Lists EC – CEPA DSL Inherently Toxic to Humans (iT human)

Screening UNK One or more of the following Human Health Effects: Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity/ Genotoxicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity, Acute Mammalian Toxicity, System Toxicity/Organ Effects.

MAK Authoritative Sensitizing Substance Sah – Danger of airway & skin sensitization

UNK Respiratory and Skin Sensitization

Authoritative Sensitizing Substance SP – Danger of photo-contact sensitization

UNK Skin and/or Respiratory Sensitization

Québec CSST – WHMIS 1988

D2A and D2B Toxic and Very Toxic – With other effects

Screening UNK One or more of the following Chronic Human Health Effects: Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity/ Genotoxicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity, Skin Sensitization, Respiratory Sensitization, Systemic Toxicity/Organ Effects, Eye Irritation, Skin Irritation.

E Corrosive Screening UNK Reactivity and/or Eye Irritation/Corrosivity and/or Skin Irritation/Corrosivity


TAblE A1 .21 : Systemic toxicity/organ effects and/or neurotoxicity

Sys

tem

ic To

xicity

/Org

an E

ffect

s an

d/or

Neu

roto

xicity

Information Type Information Source List Type Very High (vH) High (H) Moderate (M) Low (L) LT Score

Sing

le E

xpos

ure

A Lists EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H370 H371 LT-UNK

EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R39 or R39/23 or R39/24 or R39/25 or R39/26 or R39/27 or R39/28

R68/20 or R68/21 or R68/22

LT-UNK


Screening Category 1 or H370 Category 2 or H371 Category 3 Not Classified LT-UNK

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 6.9A 6.9B Not Classified LT-UNK

Repe

ated

* Ex

posu

re

A Lists EU – GHS (H-Statements) Authoritative H372 H373 LT-UNK

EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R48/23 or R48/24 or R48/25

R33 or R48/20 or R48/21 or R48/22

LT-UNK


Screening Category 1 or H372 Category 2 or H373

Not Classified LT-UNK

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND] Screening 6.9A 6.9B Not Classified LT-UNK

B Lists EU – R-Phrases1 Authoritative R48 – Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure

LT-UNK

TAblE A1 .22 : Various Combinations of Group i, ii and ii* Human Health endpoints


GRE E

N S C RE EN® 67 | Clean Production Action | GreenScreen® v1.4 (January 2018)PB

Ts, v

PvBs

and

oth

er c

ombi

natio

ns o

f Per

siste

nce,

Bioa

ccum

ulat

ion

and T

oxic

ity

Information Type

Information Source List Category List Type High (H)

Moderate (M) Low (L)

LT Score Hazard Endpoints Addressed

A Lists EC – CEPA DSL Persistent, Bioaccumulative and inherently Toxic (PBiTH) to humans

Screening P1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation and Human Toxicity (Human Health Effects)]

Persistent, Bioaccumulative and inherently Toxic (PBiTE) to the Environment (based on aquatic organisms)

Screening P1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Acute Aquatic Toxicity or Chronic Aquatic Toxicity

EU – ESIS PBT vPvB Screening P1 vPvB [Persistence, Bioaccumulation]

PBT Screening P1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation and any of the following: Ecotoxicity and/or Human Toxicity (Human Health Effects)]

POP Screening P1 Persistent Organic Pollutant [Persistence, Bioaccumulation and any of the following: Ecotoxicity and/or Human Toxicity (Human Health Effects)]

EU – SVHC Candidate List

PBT – Candidate list Authoritative 1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and any of the following: Acute Aquatic Toxicity, Chronic Aquatic Toxicity, Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity]

vPvB – Candidate list Authoritative 1 vPvB [Persistence, Bioaccumulation]

EU – SVHC Prioritisation List

PBT – Prioritized for listing Authoritative 1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and any of the following: Acute Aquatic Toxicity, Chronic Aquatic Toxicity, Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity]

vPvB – Prioritized for listing Authoritative 1 vPvB [Persistence, Bioaccumulation]

EU – SVHC Authorisation List

PBT – Banned unless Authorised Authoritative 1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and any of the following: Acute Aquatic Toxicity, Chronic Aquatic Toxicity, Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity]

vPvB – Banned unless Authorised Authoritative 1 vPvB [Persistence, Bioaccumulation]

US EPA – Priority PBTs (NWMP)

Priority PBT Authoritative 1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation and any of the following: Ecotox and/or Human Toxicity (Human Health Effects)]

OR DEQ – Priority Persistent Pollutants

Priority Persistent Pollutant – Tier 1 and Tier 2

Screening P1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation and any of the following: Ecotox and/or Human Toxicity (Human Health Effects)]

OSPAR PBT – substance of possible concern Screening P1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and any of the following: Acute Aquatic Toxicity, Chronic Aquatic Toxicity, Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity, Systemic Toxicity/Organ Effects repeated exposure)]

PBT – chemical for priority action Authoritative 1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and any of the following: Acute Aquatic Toxicity, Chronic Aquatic Toxicity, Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity, Systemic Toxicity/Organ Effects repeated exposure)]

Equivalent Concern – substance of possible concern

Screening P1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and any of the following: Acute Aquatic Toxicity, Chronic Aquatic Toxicity, Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity, Systemic Toxicity/Organ Effects repeated exposure)]

Equivalent Concern – chemical for priority action

Authoritative P1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and any of the following: Acute Aquatic Toxicity, Chronic Aquatic Toxicity, Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity, Systemic Toxicity/Organ Effects repeated exposure)]

ChemSec – SIN List

vPvB Screening P1 Persistence and Bioaccumulation

PBT Screening P1 Persistence, Bioaccumulation and any of the following: Ecotoxicity and/or Human Toxicity (Human Health Effects)

UNEP Stockholm Conv – Persistent Organic Pollutants

Priority POP Authoritative 1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation and any of the following: Ecotoxicity and/or Human Toxicity (Human Health Effects)]

US EPA – Toxics Release Inventory PBTs

PBT Authoritative 1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Acute Aquatic Toxicity]

WA DoE – PBT PBT Screening P1 PBT [Persistence, Bioaccumulation and any of the following: Ecotoxicity and/or Human Toxicity (Human Health Effects)]


TAblE A1 .23 : pBts, vpvBs and other combinations of persistence, Bioaccumulation and toxicity

CONT INUED


GRE E



TAblE A1 .23 : pBts, vpvBs and other combinations of persistence, Bioaccumulation and toxicity CONT INUED

PBTs

, vPv

Bs a

nd o

ther

com

bina

tions

of P

ersis

tenc

e, Bi

oacc

umul

atio

n an

d Tox

icity

Information Type

Information Source List Category List Type High (H)

Moderate (M) Low (L)

LT Score Hazard Endpoints Addressed

B Lists EC – CEPA Toxic Substances (Sched 1)

CEPA Toxic Screening UNK One or more of the following: Human Health Effects, Ecotoxicity, and/or Fate endpoints.

EC – CEPA DSL Inherently Toxic to the Environment (iT environment)

Screening UNK Acute Aquatic Toxicity or Chronic Aquatic Toxicity

EU – GHS (H-Statements)

H410 – Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Authoritative P1 T & P and/or B [(Chronic Aquatic Toxicity and Persistence) or (Acute Aquatic Toxicity and Persistence and/or Bioaccumulation)]

H411 – Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Authoritative P1

H412 – Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Authoritative UNK

H413 – May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life

Authoritative UNK

EU – R-Phrases1 R50/53 – Very Toxic to Aquatic Organisms, May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment

Authoritative P1

R51/53 – Toxic to Aquatic Organ-isms, May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment

Authoritative P1

R52/53 – Harmful to Aquatic Organisms, May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment

Authoritative UNK

R53 – May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment

Authoritative UNK


Category 1 or H410 Screening P1

Category 2 or H411 Screening P1

Category 3 or H412 Screening UNK

Category 4 or H413 Screening UNK

GHS – [NEW ZEALAND]

9.1A Screening P1

9.1B Screening P1

9.1C Screening UNK

9.1D Screening UNK

German FEA – Substances Hazardous to Waters

Class 1 – Low Hazard to Waters Screening UNK Any combination of the following: Acute Mammalian Toxicity, Systemic Toxicity/Organ Effects, Carcinogenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity, Acute Aquatic Toxicity, Chronic Aquatic Toxicity, Persistence, Bioaccumulation.

Class 2 – Hazard to Waters Screening P1

Class 3 – Severe Hazard to Waters Screening P1


GRE E



TAblE A1 .24 : reactivity and/or Flammability

Reac

tivity

and

/or F

lam

-


B Lists EU – R-Phrases1 R12 – Extremely Flammable Liquid Authoritative UNK Reactivity and/or Flammability

R03 – Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition

Authoritative UNK

R18 – In use, may form flammable/explosive vapour-air mixture

Authoritative UNK

R30 – Can become highly flammable in use Authoritative UNK

1 list is considered an information source and is used as a line of evidence to classify a hazard in a GreenScreen assessment. list is not considered a GreenScreen Specified list and is not required to be searched for a GreenScreen list Translator assessment. See Annex 10 Information Sources.

2 See Annex 11 GreenScreen Specified lists for more information about these lists.

3 list includes consideration of both acute and chronic neurotoxic impacts. To facilitate list Translator scoring, hazards are considered under the repeated exposure sub-endpoint. This does not impact list Translator scoring, as the list can only be translated to a range of hazard levels resulting in an “UNK” designation.

4 If a country does not designate between Category 1A and Category 1b for evaluating Skin or Respiratory Sensitization, then the list should be treated as a Screening b list, with a High to Moderate hazard level in GreenScreen for GHS Category 1 classifications.

Documents

and High-pressure Spray Polyurethane Foam Systems