1 0*ÎyÆ4ð XOZx

�u

Herpetology of Pakistan

Part 1

FROGS

Þn^‡Ú^Þäµf×nÓ�߈!'.5ÿH

Fgzeуg 14

2

ZO[~Z*Z+ÏÆWy~‚wÆŠzgZyZ#g^aÆaÄZ**]Æ 1962

ZN[»%³Wc*ÂeZËZŒZÑsx%jx6,zWÍg»Òуg÷}g^aÇàHgƒñÔg^aÄÆaŠgèfsÄZy?m,ƒZ:

A normal table of Bufo melanostictus based on external

morphological criteria

Zk_·ÆŠzgZy0*Îy~¬x0*ñYäzZá�u)¨u(ÆZ&+}

$+m stages г�u“WJ-Å%ÆÓx%ZiÆŠzgZyZ&+Z�Zq—

Æ scientific acuracy ìZe‚³-_·Æ‚BCÙqªÅFZDw

‚BegZ™**‰XOçZkó¿ÆŠzgZy=‚³WÑ]»ZEwZzgYâgzV

ÆŸÅ!*gÃVÃâ™ä»eàWŠHX

~t£!ÖÔ=�Û”^Ô*Ð�giâ:âCÙ4ð XOZx] 1 9 6 5

»âñßwƒZXLLT~ZrVä Dr. Roberts Mertens(herpetologist)

Bufo melanostictus 7YåH"¢ìāTâq6,?äïÅìtÐÁ: shock ì!óóí‰J~ÆatZ:q Bufo stomaticus ìtÂ

¶X~tâaeZËZŒ%jxÆ0*kàÔZrVä÷~6,.ãŠÙƒñ¹:LL‚t¹ZYÎyìXZrVävg}ó»xÃuZ;ìZk6,Ãð

Fauna Å Boulenger Z‹Zn7HX!*¹g„**xÅ!*]Ô<ÍZƒ7ÔÑ$k,~Ð

3

Å¢áWƒXóóþ of British India

Å@*GÅXeZË™r#äCc*0*Îy~ƒZx6, Dr. Mertens Â[ä

Ãð‚³ó»x7ƒZXZkaËÃ0*Îy~¬x0*ñYäzZáYâgzVÆ‚³**ñV»Ø7XZ¤/?ZkyZy~W**eƒÂyZyîìXeZË™r#Ð~

~½ZÑsx»Ò¼gÆ 1963 äƒZx6,ó»x™ä»z°{HZzgZ#~ä

îg6,YíHXÂz;VÆ6,jyâjw~÷}ó»x»W¸iƒZX

~äZgŠ¤/ŠÍ]~xQ™YâgzVÆ_·»W¸iHÔZk~÷}÷á

¤/ŠzV»¹(,Z;Bìz{÷}ì6,0*ÎyÆîwz²nÐZLZL´V

Ð÷}aYâgôp™Æ÷~¢zg]7g~™DgìXZkj,Æ‚B~Zk

ZgDZzg**¥xñçq6,ó»x™äÆa#hg;X=pŠ0*ÎyÆŠzg

QëŠ{´V~Y™FŠyzk,ZâV~I™ƒZx»ŠgCâjw~_·™ä»ñ§Mg;Xz|~ÌŠz2VZzg÷á¤/ŠzV»‚Bg;X~ZyƒŠz„zZx[»‡g

ƒVX

(Dr. Sherman Minton, eZËZŒZÑsx%jxÔeZËÑâyr)

Dr. Roberts Mertens, ZzgeZËgZ',F%*.çHEE Indiana University,USA

(äZK,¬]ÐZzg Senchenberg Museum Frankfurt, Germany )

z»¯»÷}ZVñYäzZáÎZÑ]»iZzg@Zc*]èoZzgZ~éÆfg)

âZiDgìXZk§bÅZ3æŠÐ=j,g;ÔT»x{W`ZkÂ[Å^~W\Æ;B~ìX

V(£Ò3ðG

GV6,0*Îy~gTƒñó»x™**�YÒpÐHÂìX=

ZeZ0+Zi{:åXW�Zk»¼Z0+Zi{Zk¿ÏWÐ<XZknÅb»=g^a

ÆŠzgZyWñŠyzZô7,@*g;XZ0+Zi{Ù÷ZqwHƒ@*ƒÇZ#½~>~7Y

4

Y@*:

þLL;V6,zW™r#Ô‹ìW\ï™gì÷ÔZzgtāW\ÆF£á`÷XW\»ñçqHì?óó Ûzyo¾Ì

LLYÔ~0*Îy~0*ñYäzZá�ÃV6,ó»x™g;ƒVóóX

ðLLzZ{™r#Ô�uÌÃðïƇ.ÞYâg÷Ô'�uÔ�u÷W\Z7HU*"$™ä6,&Ñõ GN÷óó?

pZknÆ#Ö:û}=ZL»xÐgzu:nZzg:L~ä0~ZéZÌzZã ecosystem CkÅÔ=õìZyYâgzV6,ï™äZzg

™äų]0*Îy½~=BX

t¶!*CÙÅ!*]Ôy~S~gzxÆö6,âMzÎ8Ô©ÃÓ�iZzg

ZÓg-V~Â1VÅOñjÆ%nâV~n;nÆB�uŠN™yzZáZµ6,.yXWy»gH)gæ{¦Ã{z0+ÆZkZâÇØtÐÔ!*z�ŠZK%™s

_~ËÆõ@*™**7,ZÔZzgëŠzâVÅi0+Ï|uzZEyЦ/gäÐX

~ZkÂ[»ZO[Ziu]ZzgZpÐyÆ‚BZLZyÓxçz2ZzgHgæ{¦Æ**x™DƒñÔZKt»zl7™g;ƒVX

·Ñp{yµ5Ó¾æ G

Y~XZ†g-X”Z

2010 Z~ 11

5

z„p}

¬gs

z„£zk,z„ZDw

%æEOLR~V(£Ò3ðG

GV6,ïXXX@*g]Y,{‚³_·ÆaV(£Ò3ð

GGV»”w

V(£Ò3ðG

GVÅâ¦Ty~ÙZ˜q]

0*Îy~YzZáV(£Ò3ðG

GVÅsB¨

V(£Ò3ðG

GVÅâ¦èTyÆaã

ZâZq»-¬gs

0*Îy~�ÃV»'Z5ð;ƒÂÒ]

6

¬gs

�u0*ÎEVÆnÃðZbYâg7÷Ôñ\êL¤/âÆÑzqƒD„açL

÷áx*gzVÆā~gZ]ÆéBZ0+ƒ}~gL(,}�uyzVÔ0*gÃVÔ

gZ2V~ºQDZyÊDÃWD÷X‰Zz‡]ZyÐ$™»ÂƒY@*ìXaçL÷áxðÆgz×ZVÆnZŠOQŠO(£å FNu(£å FNu™³VZzgQzVchzV»ù™DƒñÐÂg{7™D÷XXZq-„¢zg]Æn%±}¿}

z½¿ƒD÷XZê�ÛZcìZzgÁúùZéZ3Åâi~™D÷!ñÌè¤/âÅ«',‚]Æ‚B„zk,ZyZzg**¥xK´ºŠ¢š5é EGO�ÃVÅ

u~Zzg¼~WzZizV~R,ZäÐ!*gzÞƒYD÷X3,(,~H„Ð0*ã~SŠOQŠO(£å FNÈ(£å FNÈ0*ã~IVaZ™DƒñŠ\ñR,ZDZCZCgZvZÑí

ÃWD÷X‚Š{ßb�uZL3,ZzgâŠ{~ZqÐi7™MhZka‰„Zq-Šzu}ÆŒÛd$WD„(£å FNuæ7,D÷Zzg�hZ¯äÆÃÒ™D÷XâŠZN3,zVƤ/ŠäQCgS÷XZ¤/Z·¡éGOÃðâŠ{3,ÅiŠ~WCìÂ3,¯gUZm16,ÎZgƒ™ZL!*iƒVЊzâVY+$„zVÆúЫ©8ìZzgâŠ{‚¶Ã16,ÎZgKÔZkŒ¯Ñõ

NЊzgZ&+}Š¶^7,CìXZ¤/ŠzâV3,ƒVÂ|»Zˆk

ƒD„Zq-Šzu}Ã6,}Š‡Š‡™ZC?ghZD÷XZk!*ëŠoh~¯!*ic*V3DƒñZµƒ™QÐZKZKgZtZÑCÑzq™Šï÷X

�ÃVÅZâZqŠgc*ă_÷X 24 0*ÎyÆîwz²n~Z[J-

7

0*ÎyƃZx6,ŸYÃZLg‚›ÆÒpÐ&¤/zƒV~Ë÷X vertebrates NgtYâg

.6,g{7Mh:MVz){ ZX0*ã~g�zZá�

: (amphib ious) 2X0*ãZzg.ŠzâV~g{NhzZá�uÔÃ}Zzg1óX

3X.6,g�zZá:™áÔ‚,$Ô6,0+}Zzg1)ŠzŠ|

Š¶zZáYâg(X

0*ãZzg.6,g�zZáYâgzVÆŠz¤/z{÷:toads, ¢)“s)k(:‰�uZzgZé¼ÆYâg /

Æ�3è caecilians tƒÔÎZñ salamanders, newts, caecilians

Amphibia ~gT÷Ô0*ãZzgi}ÆVìâjw~gT÷XZ7¯k

~g3Y@*ì

/¢eâV~“s)eq(‰Ã}Ô1óÔ™áZzg‚,$~g3Y@*ìXZ7‚³Z˜b~LLƒZxóóc* Reptilia z){ÔZ7¯k

¹Y@*ìX‘ÐêL³Z*]~ZyYâgzVÆ_¬ÃLLƒZx]óó " h e r p s "

¹Y@*ìX (Herpetology)

÷!*z�ŠMZy»ŸeâV~“s reptiles Ã}Zzg1óÐ

ŧbVìâjw~gT÷XZk§btŠzu} Ambhibia ƒ@*ìÔ1ÐZâjw~i0+Ϧ/ZgD÷XëZkŸY )™ßVZzg‚zV( reptiles

ÃLL0*ÎyŃZx]óó~ZyƒYâgzV»-Zq©™,ÐXZkeÅ«š/~LL0*ÎyÆ�uóóW\Æ;B~ìZ#āŠzu~¢

Zzga¶¢~LL‚,$óó÷áïƒVÐX Š~~LL�0+}óó ~Ã}ÔZzg1óX

8

¢LL0*ÎyÆ�uóóÅS®)Æç5]~(xz®Z£{yZzg

0*Îy~ZâqÆ'Z5ð;ƒÆuY]Å»g~~(xŒZ™r#ä

÷~‡.ÞŠgæŠÅÔTÆa~ZyŠzâV™xy»‡gƒVX

9

�uZzgIe)¨u(ZgŠzZzgº!~gL(,}Ô.6,ic*Š{c*Áz‰Ü¦/ZgäÔu÷áx%ŠZg

ƒäZzgQ}ch}3äÔn~**CVZzg�EÙzV~g�zZá„ŸÆYâgzVÆaLL�uóóc*LLeezóóÆZÖpZEwƒ@*ìÔZ%Š»JÅÚÐLLgLÔ(,}óó»Ñ§Ùƒ@*ìX

ÅŠzZlxQ÷: amphibians ‚³ïÆ_.0*Îy~V(£Ò3ðG

GV

�ZLKã}.z{wZzg¬ŠZ]zábÆÒp toad Zzgu)e!~( frog �u

ÐZq-Šzu}ÐX7Í/õ ENGZzg¬ŠZ]~ËŠgZ÷:X

W��uZzgIe~Kã�Ût6,Zq-ÃeZB:

10

Toad Ie)¨u( �u Frog

Bufonidae ÄŸVÔN*4gKÔ0*ƒVÅ /

ZèVÆŠgxyG®Šc*¹

šX

/¢Z¸ŠZgÔJZzgÈX

/6,ZQ+¼zŠWçÆúñ�ŠX

/N*4gKZzg**iuÔG$zgZzg

šX

/Z&+}D±-V~“sX

/Iei0*ãЊzg.»V~Y

Mh÷Ô1Z7ZLZ&+zVÆf0*

ãÅ¢zg]gSìX

/Z&+}Š¶Æa0*ãÅ¢zg]

0*ã~¤÷X tadpoles ƒCìX

Ranidae Ä/ŸîƒZZzgMXN*4DÔ0*ƒVÅ

(web QèVÆŠgxyúc*VG)/¢ûZgÔÉ4hå GZgÔ16,gLZ¸gc*D|›X

/6,ZQ+¼zŠ®ŠX

/N*4D¢oÔZÄ_V!*gq-9£Ðö EO

Æfg)a~ƒNX

/Z&+}gLgL#VÅ^~X

/�u{mîg6,�EÙzVZzg%î[

»VÃI™D÷XZzgWk0*kgT÷X

/Z&+}Š¶Æa0*ãÅ¢zg]ƒ0*ã~¤÷X tadpoles CìX

11

�ÃV³_·Æaôp™**�uZKºmKã‚|#ÆÒpÐ�EÙzVÔ0+~**ßVÆZgŠ¤/Š

%î[âjw~vk~0*ñYD÷ZzgZCÂ6~¿0*ã~å™D÷Ô˜V

~›zú0*™Wy»g�uÅZ(g™D Tadpoles ZêZ&+}%0*™Túa

÷X

�uÔZêZ&+}ZzgÁ7²‚³ïZzgŠ!*]ÆaŠ*½ÅŠgkǃV

ZzghßV~ZEwƒD÷X

�ÃV»ïÆa”wñ̤/âÆ´z{�ueð&+|ïÜ(,Zƒ@*ìXñÌèuâ~tYâguŠ~

Ð$™i}~÷~ŠgZhzV~ßYD÷Ôc*yzVÆZ0+ƒ}ÃâV5gzV(uâð’a|gT÷X hibernation) ~ÔqzVÆn4%Š{qª~

�4ñ̤/xƒ@*ìtF,z@*i{ƒ™WiZŠZ:tQä!*CÙä3÷X¤/x%î[ñÌÆŠzgZyZéZcÊŠh+ãƒCìX¸ñÌ�uñäÆf4+ìXZ7÷áxÆz‰ÜQ}ch}ñD)gz×ZVÆn(Zzg�EÙzVZzg0+-VÆ)g}ÔZêR,ZäÅWzZiÅæŠÐN*gaÅgzÝ~eð&+|Â_Zzgñ**}W‚yƒ@*ìX

Æ3,0*ãÅRÐ?Øà (Microhyla, Fejervarya) gKZâZqÆ�ÃVZzœ»V~vk~¾™R,ZD÷ÔZzgQCÐê8-Ι¸vYD÷ÔZ7QCÐñ**7,@*ìX²(,~ZlxÆ3,�EÙÆ)g}vk~0*ã~WŠñez"ƒñR,ZD÷XtZâZqZãQö7ƒDW‚ãЇ1~WYD÷X

�u;BÐ4+îg6,ñ}YMh÷XZ%0*ãÅ÷Zð~Æ

Å¢zg]7,CìX hand net �uÃñäÆf¢o

12

¬ŠZ]záb:ñ\êL¤/âÅ«!*gl0*Îy~�|z~Æ�ÃVÆfi0+Ï»�xá™WCìXaçL÷áxZZâZqÆgLñL�u�uŠg�u!*glÆ0*ãн}K´V»gc™D÷X3,ZNƒ™ZZz‘nuzV~R,Z**Ñzq™Šï

X²AôM

FÔ²AôM

FX " !*xÔ!*x "X" ™,Ô™,Ô™, " ÷XZyÆR,ZäÅWzZiŒÐǃðgZ]Æ‹L~Šzgz4,Šq-ÒƒCìÔ&Í™Šzgz " &ëHMÔ&ëHMX " ¥/ZVÔ¥/ZVX

4,Šq-ÆZzg�uÌZyK´V»gc™D÷XZzgZyZÇäzZßVÅñKÔ!*gq-Ôu~Zzg¼~WzZizVÅ

&B¨ÿE

Lñu‚g~gZ]ÆarYCìXTÆŠzgZyÂ6~�h}‘W÷XâŠ{3,Ã16,ÎZgK�EÙÆË6,jyÃä~RuRu™¬YCìX�7âŠ{ÆA~gZ5ìZ&+}',WæƒD÷Ô3,Qy6,ZCÂ6~âŠ{rÂY@*ìXCÙâqZLZ&+}ZZ0+Zi~0*ã~ghCìX

�ÃVÆ0*ã~Z&+}ghäÆZZ0+Zi:

½1:ÆZ&+}�ÅD Duttaphrynus Zzg Bufo, Pseudepidalea

±-V~a}0*ã~ez"ƒñ7ŠzVZzgvkƤ/Šf¦ƒD÷XâŠ{IeZ&+}

Šïz‰Ü0*ã~ez!a~1kVƤ/Š6ÎCYCìZzgZ&+zVűc*VZyƤ/ŠnYC÷X

ÄgZ•~:

ZâZqÆZ&+}0*ãÆ Sphaeroteca Zzg , Euphlyctis, Fejervarya

ÆHoplobatrachus R6,!*gq-Ï�ŵ~a}¾DÃWD÷X²

Z&+}gLgL¤/z:~vkÅÂVÐíX÷X

13

ÄâMz;"5Ò5å JGGH~:Æu#g8-Z&+}0*Îy~0*ðYäzZàƒZâZqÆZ&+zVÐgL

ZzgJÏ�~JƒñÔ0*ãÅR6,¾DgT÷X

ðJ-Â6~¿åƒä6,ƒZâZqÆ3,zâŠ{ZLZ&+zVÃ0*ã~Šg]

Æg36,ghYh™ZKZKgZ{fe÷Zzgù½äÅK-zŠz~~#YD÷X

Á7²:!*gWzgƒäƯgUˆZ&+zV~%ÑzqƒYCìXŠzÔegŠâV~Z&+Z

Ÿ]»t‚0Y@*ìXQZk~ÔäVk�÷ZzgZ¡IYÅúƒCìZzgCÙZ&+ZÁ7w~psƒY@*ì�SŠOQŠOÐZL! tadpole Zq-¾CRÇTú

ŠZÕVÐ7a7a™»ðZzgvkY÷3CÔ¯Í-¡ç FHzVЂ÷gƒðZKKã›zúå™CìX¬!*izVZzgˆ~ëN*4%ŠZgƒC÷ÔZzg™xW×W×

Ô¯Í-¡ç FHzVÆ%µzVÐ " �Åþ " ¸T$ƒYCìXZzgZk§bZq-gKÏ

‚÷gƒð.6,m|ŠzhCìXgLgLQ}Dg™CìZzgZŒZq-Šz‚w~�Zyƒ™Â6~¿~zgìX

�u³_·Æaôp™**i0+{�u»‚³_·e7Oç_·ÆaZÐZ+qª~Ñ**7,@*

c*chloroform ìTÐZkÆZZ«JY»NgYK{1YnXZkf�uÃƲw~eZwŠc*Y@*ìX0*õŠk formaline 10% Ð"ƒl™Æ eather

™1 fix 4~YâgÆ%ä6,²wÐïw™ZnŸÃŠgC^Šnôp

™1Y@*ìX preserve Y@*ìÔ@*ā_·~W‚ãƒXQZϲw~ZÐôp

14

Z&+}�ÃVÆR,ZäÅ(ÐZ‹ðZyÆZ&+}ZopKYMh÷X�vkÅ

ÂVÐíc*0*ã~ez!ƒð1kVƤ/ŠaeX÷XZ&+zVÃ(,~ZôoÐZ‰

HY@*ìXfgZÏ"ZôCZ7ÂhŠîìÔZzg_·Æ‡.Þ7ghCX

Z&+zVƤ/Š�»Ýsò™**iuZ&+zVÃvyà@*ìXZ70*ãÐqÝ™äÆaZq-AìÅ1LÞþDƒñZ&+zVÆnáY™Z&+zVÃ

~ aquarium WgZxÐ1LÞ~0*ãÆ‚BË1Y@*ìX§8gR,~~Zq-0*ãeZw™Z7ghŠc*Y@*ìX%ÆfWx¹ZëƒCìTÅaðÆa

¼i0+{»ð0*ã~eZwŠ~YCìÔ�Á7²ÅpgZuÅ¢zgc*]Ì7gZ™CìX

)ee&AŸ5é FGV( tadpoles Á7²

Â6~¿ÆZq-ßÆZ0+gZ0+g!*gWzgZ&+}Á7²»gz\ŠJgfe÷Zzg

Zq- basic body plan �EÙÆ0*ã~ZŠOQŠO¾CQC÷XCÙâqÅÁ7w»6ƒ@*ìp,~ËŠg�Ûtƒ@*ìÔ�ZkâqÅTy0YCìX

ZâZqÅÁ7²»ŸËsXuZzgŠPZz6, Microhyla Zzg Uperodon

nÐóƒZ²ì»ÎgZcuÅZ‹Y+$ÔWh}îg6,zZ§ƒ@*ìÔ„}ZzgŠZÕV

X(6-7 Å·g,®ŠƒC÷Ô™x»uZ!*gq-ZzgËsƒ@*ì)^!*¹ƒZâZqÅÁ7²»ŸÍwc*D~ÔŠxDÔŠZN!*N§sЖ

Zz6,n!*gq-êZgŧbhƒðƒCìXZzgìŸÆZŒu}ÆnzZµÔ!*ÑðZzgik,,„ZhwúŠgZ„ŧbŠ#ZäŠZg!ÔJZzg({g8-ƒ@*ìX!*Ñð

Å denticles Zzgik,,ƒŠVZzg„zVÆŠgxy({â!gLgLŠZÕV

ÅÄ°ƒCìX papillae gK(,~·g,ZzgƒŠVƤ/ŠZ¶úZ¸g

15

Å({g8-Á7² Duttaphrynus Zzg Pseudepidal, Bufo ZâZq

�EÙzV~ƒZâZqÅÁ7²Ðic*Š{0*ðYC÷XZzg�EÙÆ)g}Æ‚B‚B»ðz){3DƒñİϯŠî÷X

Šzu~ZâZqÅÁ7²Èg~ZzgÁ®ZŠ~ƒC÷ÔZzg¬xîg6,0*ãÅ÷Zð~

ÅÁ7²ËsŸZzg0*ãÅ÷ZðÅŠgxã Uperodon Zzg Microhyla gS÷X

ØzV~ZyƤ/z{¾DgT÷ZzgZyÅpgZu0*ã~¾CƒðpgŠ|»ð÷Î0*ãÐYy™3C÷XNh~0+~**ßV~©zZའplanktons

ÅÁ7²(,~Zzg0+~ÆËs0*ãÅ÷Zð~gS÷Zzg Chrysopaa Zzg Allopa

¬xîg6,0+~ÆYÑ)g}ÆßzV~’gS÷X

¬xÁ7wÅpgZu~0*ãQÏ»ðZzgŠzu~a~1‹V÷áï÷XÁ7²ZyÅRÃJZzg!„zVZzgŠZÕVÐ7a7a™3CgS÷X�V�VÁ7²Å/(,fìZyÅpgZu~Í“÷áïƒ@*Y@*ìÔ�%Š{Á7²c*�EÙÆ©}

~ez"%Š{YâgzVÅÑØVÐqÝHY@*ìXZ¦Zz‡]ZL‚Bg�zZàÁ7²ÅpgZu Euphlyctis Šzu~Á7²6,ú™ÆZ7ÌEÙ\™g÷X²

~�EÙÆ©}~%}ƒñYâgZzg‹v~!-V»šZ÷áïƒ@*ìÔ

Á0*²Í“pg÷ÔŠzu~Á7²6,úWzgƒ™Z7ZL¢o Hoplobatrachus

ÅÁ7² Bufo !„zVÅæŠÐ•}•}™Æ3YC÷XZï¬xîg6,DgƒC÷X

Á7²»‚³_·Z&+zVŧbÁ7²»3,xz**iuŸ0*ãÆ!*CÙZKˆ‡ì7gÄY

ÐñZ hand net ƒY@*ìX0*ã~¾CÁ7²Ã!*gq-Yàж collapse Zzg

Y@*ìXí,MÆ©}~Á7²Ã0*ã~gÇgÇAìÆYg~Ë1Y@*

16

ìXÁ7²~Šy$+yƒCKãpwV»_·™äÆfZ7§8gR,~~

~ghŠc*Y@*ìXZzgWxZzgpgZuÆa»ðZzg0*´Æí½ aquarium

KYD÷XZzgzMzMÐPÃ_·Æaôp™1HY@*ìX

ôp™ä~ZEwHY@*ì: Bouin's Fluid Šg`fs²w

Picric Acid (saturated aqueous) 75 ml

Formalin (40% aqueous formaldehyde) 25 ml

Glacial acetic acid 5 ml

//

17

‚³_·Æa�u»”w

Zzgôp™ä»¿

§8gR,m,ZzghßV~Âi0+{�ÃV6,Š!*]KYD÷X²‚³Yõ

ÆfZ´VÆ&B3ýEGZÑâZq�uZN™ÆZ7Zµ identification

Zµ�Šn%Š{qª~ôp™Æñi@~àc*Y@*ìXZkÃe�Æ�YâgÔTä location ª:˜VÐñZŠHÔ(Å biodata Ð0Óx¥â]

ñZÔñäÅ@*gõÔz‰ÜÔâjw~m@*]ZzgŠzu}Yâgz){ƒZq-Ñv,-~

âCÙ+Æ5±Æaôp™àYC÷ñi*~âCÙ+®ôp”{YâgÅKãYõ7,@*w™ÆZmâq»ç

™DƒñZkÐ0Šzu~¥â]ÃÌ$åLÃgnp÷XZ¤/Âi%æGL_·âqÆpZmßZ~Òy”{ËâqÆpZmÆ_.ƒVÂZЬÐÒy”{âq»

Æîg6,ñi*~Zq-{m�Æ�ôp™1Y@* reference **xŠnWÒ{Æ_·ìXz¤/:ZÐZkÆZ%°pZmů6,5âq»ŠgzŠnZÐ*»Š**xŠc*Y@*ìX

Æîg6,gkgeHY@*ìX Type locality ZzgT(ÐYâgñZŠHƒZÐ YâZgŽ generic name CÙ‚³**xÆŠz**xƒD÷:ª**x

Zk½~Šzu~ZâZq~ trivivial name êCÙ™@*ìÔ²ŠzuZ**x genus

êCÙ™@*ìXVwÆa5±ƒsB¨XZk~Ä position Zm÷XZ¤/øgZYâg1Æ Pseudepidalea Zzg Bufo ~Šz½ Bufonidae

18

pZmªCÙ™g;ìÂëZн1~gOÐX7ÂëŠzu~½~ˆl™,~ôpYâgzVл.Þøg~抙} museum Zzg literature ÐXCÙ%µ6,

ÇX

//

0*Îy~0*ñYäzZá�ÃVÅsB¨

19

Ðmgnp Silentia (Anura) 0*Îã�u™xÐ�ÃVÆWgegtadpole Åp=VÆ!*) metamorphosic ÷XZé%ÆŠzgZyŸ~

ÅŠxZzg¯Í-¡ç FH}»ƒYD÷Ô;B0*ƒVòWD÷ZzgZq-gN*‚�uµzVЂ÷©8ƒZ.6,eg0*ƒV6,RuRu™m|W@*ìÔ0*ã~e›Î™)g}6,QÐ7ŠzV~âjw6,ÃgÇÖgLìXZzgñ§Y6,gLñLQ}ch}Dg™@*ƒZ>Þ(,|Y@*ìX

Šg•fsz„~z{Óx�ÃVÅZâZq÷áï÷Îui$4èGEL0*ÎyÐWñŠy‚³_·~ position gkgeHY[ìXZyZâZqÅ‚³w

~Š~ˆìX I zÝÆË~$+rgSìTÅ,Â[ÆWy~].zw�ZâZqŠz¤/z:~Ë÷: 24 0*ÎyÆ�ÃVÅ

X~AV (broad mouthed) 1X�ÛZcŠ;y÷áï÷X Ranidae Zzg Megophryidae ÔBufonidae

6,Family Microhylidae �(narrow mouthed) 2Xߊ;yŒ÷X

~Ë÷XÅ,Šg•fsz„~ì: Genera 13 teg¢-)Ô.çE

GGE

Checklist sB¨

Family BUFONIDAE

Genus Bufo Laurenti, 1768

1. Bufo stomaticus Lütkin, 1862 [Plate1]

2. Bufo olivaceus Blanford, 1874 [Plate 2]

GenusDuttaphrynus Frost et al. 2006

3. Duttaphrynus himalayanus (Günther,1864) [Plate 3]

4. Duttaphrynus melanostictus hazarensis (Khan, 2000)[Plate 4]

Genus Pseudepidalea Frost st. al., 2006

20

5. Pseudepidalea baturae (Stöck, Schmid, Steinlein, and Grosse,

1999) [Plate 5]

6. Pseudepidalea latastii (Boulenger, 1882) [Plate 6]

7. Pseudepidalea pseudoraddei (Mertens, 1971) [Plate 7]

8. Pseudepidalea siachinensis (Khan, 1997) [Plate 8 ]

9. Pseudepidalea surda (Boulenger, 1891) [Plate 9 ]

10. Pseudepidalea zugmayeri (Eiselt and Schmidtler, 1973)

[Plate 10]

Family MEGOPHRYIDAE

Genus Stutiger Theobald, 1868

11. Scutiger nyingchiensis Fei, 1977 [Plate 11 ]

Family MICROHYLIDAE

Genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1828

12. Microhyla ornata (Duméril and Bibron, 1841) [Plate 12 ]

Genus Uperodon Dúmeril and Bibron, 1841

13. Uperodon systoma (Schneider, 1799) [Plate 13 ]

Family RANIDAE

Genus: Allopaa Ohler and Dubois, 2006

14. Allopaa barmoachensis (Khan and Tasnim, 1989) [Plate 14]

15. Allopaa hazarensis (Dubois and Khan, 1979) [Plate 15]

Genus Chrysopaa

21

16. Chrysopaa sternosignata (Murray, 1885) [Plate 16 ]

Genus Euphlyctis

17. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799) [Plate

17]

18. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis microspinulata Khan, 1997

19. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis seistanica (Nikolsky, 1900)

Genus Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915

20. Fejervarya limnocharis (Boie, 1834) [Plate 18 ]

21. Fejervarya syhadrensis (Annandale, 1919) [Plate 19 ]

Genus Hoplobatrachus Peters, 1863

22. Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin, 1802) [Plate 20 ]

Genus Nanorana Günther, 1896

23. Nanorana vicina (Stoliczka, 1872)

Genus Sphaeroteca Duméril and Bibron, 1841.

24. Sphaeroteca breviceps (Schneider, 1799) [Plate 21 ]

ã;ñTyKey for Identification

‚³ïÆfi%æGL_·YâgÅ9âq»ç¹ZëìÔTÅYõclassical taxonomic literature YâgÆKãpZmů6,ÅYCìÔ�

Æo]~ ÃâqÅTy literature ~£ßVZzgÃÅ~½ƒ@*ìÔZkÆîg6,Šc*Y@*ìX referece jZ!

Á7²

22

ZZâZqÅÁ7²ÅTyZéKã^z³>ØÔìƤ/Š¯z^Zzg~ƒCìX position Šzu}KãZ¡IYÅ

Á7²Å®Ò5åGLTyóƒZÔW@YÑÔ!->î EXƤ/ŠŠZÕVÆ;ᮊ XŸËsÔZz6,nÐ 1

2 (XXXXXX 6-7 )^Ÿ)ËsÔÍwc*D~ÔW@Y+$ÐQ_ƒðÔ!->î EXƤ/ŠŠZÕVÆ;á

4 ñ�ŠXXXXXXXX Microhyla ornata œXXXX ic*Š{ Ð XŠx»uZMÔØŠZgXuŸ 2

perodon systoma »uZgN*ÔuŠP7Vah}XXXX ŠxGener a : Bufo, (XXXXXXXXX 5 )^ 2(2)3/3 XwŠZ-$ÃgñÑ 3

Pseudepidalea, Duttaphrynus

4 wŠZ-$ÃgñÑZâZq~ZXXXXXXXXXXXXEup h l y c t i s (XXXXXX 8 X!*ÑðÆ‚BŠZÕVÅZq-·g)^ 4

cyanophlyctis

5 ÐiZZ+ŠZÕVÅ·g,XXXXXXXXX 2 !*ÑðÆ‚B6 ÐÁŠZÕVÅ·g,XXXXXXXXXX 3 X!*ÑðÆ‚B 5

7 ÐiZZ+·g,XXXXXXXXXXXXX 3 !*ÑðÆ‚BÅ Bu f o ik,,Ã=Í}ƒñÔŠZÕVÆ;á p a p i l l a e X§8ð 6

Sphaerotheca breviceps §bXXXXXXGenus Fejervarya (XXXX 9-10 ÜsY+$6,)^ papillae §8ð

Hoplobatrachus XX .(11,12 )^ 5(4)/(3)5 XrðŠZ-$ÃgñÑ 7

tigerinus

Genus Allopaa (XXXXX 13^). 8(6)/(3)2 rðŠZ-$ÃgñÑ

23

�ÃVÅ®Ò5åGLTyý

Family Bufonidae

2 (XXXXXXX 3 ñ�Š)^ (Cranial crests) Xu6,ZOZãZ¸g 1

3 ZOZãZ¸g®ŠXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXñ�ŠÔ�G)úc*VXXXXX Q¸g ( supra orbital ) XÜs!*Ñð´ 2

Duttaphrynus himalayanus

(postorbital (Ô:) canthal !*ÑðÔµ54-£ÿ GEG)

Duttaphrynus Z¸gñ�ŠX�Gúc*VXXX orbitotypmanic Zzghazarensis

t y m p a n i c m e m b r a n e ŒG 4 X�Gúc*VXXXXXX 3

Pseudepidalea surdus )úc*VXXXXXXXXXXX5 żzŠ®ŠXXXXXXXX tibial XHà 4

6 żzŠñ�ŠXXXXXXXXXX tibial Hà

7 ŠZVÅY\XXXXXXXXX green XtÐáŸ6,iìã 5

Bufo olivaceous Ÿiìãg8-XXXXXXXXXXXXXBufo stomaticus )úc*V»ŠVÅ·gXXXXXX tarsal fold X'ÅG 6

Pseudepidalea latastii 'ÅGúc*V|^ŧbXXXXPseudepidalea zugmayeri XŸ6,)}ƒñiìã¶KyXXXXXX 7

24

8 Ÿ6,iìã¶KyW:~k„XXXXXXXXXPseudepidalea siacheninsis XŸ6,ŠZN!*N&&iìãÖCVX 8

Pseudepidalea pseudoraddei Ÿ½ã7gZiìã}}CŠZrXXX

Family Microhylidae

B¢aÔ 30 Xi!*yDD~ÔZ0+gzã1VÆŠgxyZq-GÔŸÅMð 1

Microhyla ornata Ÿ6,KF,Z−ÈgZ÷á}.ZgŠZrXXXXXXXXXXXXXB¢a 50-60 i!*yD~ÔZ0+gzã1VÆŠgxyŠzZ¸gÔŠ

Uperodon systoma Ÿ6,Èg}g8-»YwXXXXXXXXX

Family Ranidae

2 )úc*VXXXXXXXXXXX tympanum X�G 1

3 �Gúc*VXXXXXXXXXXXXXXScutiger nyingchiensis XŸ6,ñLE{gŠZgILƒñZ¸gXXXX 2

Nanorana vicina XXXX tubercles ŸûZgÔŸÅY"54èEEGE6,PZ¸g

4 XXXXXXXX webbed X0*ƒVÅZÄ_VWŠSGŠZg 3

6 0*ƒVÅZÄ_V7g~GŠZgXXXXXXXXXX ÍúXXXX inner tarsal tubrcle XŸVƒZÔ0*ƒV»Z0+gzãZ¸g 4

Sphaerotheca breviceps XXXX5 ŸîÔ0*ƒV»Z0+gzãZ¸gMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

X«ZiŠzu~ÐÂÐðh~(,~Ô'»�hWçÆZŒ 5

Fejervarya syhadrensis )g}c*WçZzgÂÆŠgxy(ìXXXX. «ZiŠzu~Ð(,~Ô'»�h�6,Š}c***uÆÎgZcÃg@*ìXXXXXX

Fejervarya limnocharis

7 XŸ6,JÍwZ¸gXXXXXXX 6

Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Ÿ6,3wÅD|›XXXXXX

8 (XXXXX 51 «ŠzZèV6,)^ nuptial spines X3,~Â6~»Œ 7

25

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis 3,~Â6~»Œ®ŠXXXXXXXXX

Chrysopaa sternosignata XJZ¸gzV6,»ŒÔù»ŒŠZgXXXXX 8

9 JZ¸ggLZzg»ŒŠZgÔù6,»Œ®ŠXXXXXXXXXXXAllopaa hazarensis XŸ6,»ŒŠZg|›XXXXXXXX 9

Allopaa barmoachensis Ÿ6,»ŒŠZgÍwZ¸gXXXXXXXXXX

//

26

27

28

ZâZqÅ=mTyñ\êL¤/âÅ÷áñV~CÙgL(,}(£å FNu(£å FNu™½ " �u " ZgŠzi!*y~

zZáYâgÆa1ÑY@*ìÔ�Q}chzVňl~ðÅgzÝ~¦ƒDZzgÆÐ " �u "c*"frog" �EÙzV~Z&+}aŠï÷X²‚³Z˜b~

Ðmgnp÷: " families " YâgŠzZ¢-)Ô.çEGGE

::::" Ranidae ggggZZZZ••••~~~~ " ÄÄÄÄt�uŠgZiŠÔAŸÔKF,}uÔûZgZzg:ŠZg¢ÔZê0*ƒVÅQÄ_VGŠZg

ÔN*4DZzg¢oÔ!*g!*g0*ã~¨©iyƒDgT÷Yè. (webbed)

',ŠZ“7™MhZkfZCic*Š{F,z‰Ü%î[»V~¦/ZgD÷XDD–D

¹Y@*ìX '"frog" c*" �u " Ιº÷X²½¬x~Z7

:" Bufonidae 1111••••~~~~ " ÄÄÄÄt�uŠ~gLÔ„ŸÔah}uÔ¢)ûZgÔÈZzgQ¸gŠZgÔW\VÆ

(»Q¸gÔN*4gKZzg$zgÔ0*ƒVÅZèV paratoid gland) úúc*V6,ZQ+¼zŠ

ÆŠgxy©àGXtic*Š{z‰Ü0*ãÐ!*CÙ.6,¦/ZgD÷Zzg0*ãЊzg.6,% 1¯ " ²Zôm,~~ " eec*V " î[»V~−YD÷Xº!~Z7

Æ**xÐñÎxHŠHìX " ¨u " ÅZ˜bÙìXZkÂ[~Z7 "bufo

Family Bufonidae Ä1•~ZâZqzZµ÷XXÅËŠgKã=ôŠg•fsì: 10 òZzg 3 ZkÄ~

45

)1:!545½ø GHG( Bufo stomaticus (Plate1)

�|z~u

1863 Bufo stomaticus Lütkin, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist.

Foren. Kjobenhavn 14:305.

Type locality: Assam, western Himalayas, India.

TTTTyyyy::::u6,ÐZOZãZ¸g®ŠX 1111XXXX

2XW\VÆŠgxyÃ,!*Ñð�LÅahZðмiZZ+X3X�6,Š{úc*VÔÍwÔZmÍÑðWçÅÍÑðÆŠ}{Æ',Z',X

4X«ŠzZÄ_V',Z',X

5X0*ƒVÅZèVÆnZq-Zq-Z¸gXšÔ»ŒŠZgX tarsal fold 6X'Å|^

7X6,ZQ+¼zŠahZðÐMX

8XHàżzŠúc*VX

B¢aX 70-76 ŸÅMðÈgÐ({Ô8n.ç EF(„âb¶K**]X!*Ñðƒ.$C~âb Ÿ¯ gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::

igŠX¤/Šy({X!*izƒVÅ‚*Y+$&Wh~ÖCVXZèVÆu}÷}

Èg}X

:0*Îy~ŠzgŠzgJ-#âqXø1ÆNhzV~R (Map 1) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

¢a—~J-QìX0*ÎyÆZ´V~0*ðYäzZà 2400 «gÐ

Šzu~ZâZqÆ‚Bï™gSìX

46

47

)1QC~_54øGJ( Bufo olivaceus (Plate 2)

iiiiììììãããã¨uuuu1874 Bufo olivaceus Blanford, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., London

14(4): 35.

Type locality: Dasht, Balochistan.

TTTTyyyy::::

1Xu6,ÐZ¸g®ŠX

2XŠzâVW\V»ŠgxãÃ,fgZ´ƒZX!*Ñð�LÐfgZahZX3X�6,Š{úc*VX

4X«QiŠzu~ÐDX

5X0*ƒVÅZèVÆ7gzV6,¬Y+$Zq-Zq-Q¸gÔ'ÅG®ŠX

6X6,ZQ+¼zŠ)úc*VÔÃÛJ-EX

7XN*8-Z‹Y+$ñhä6,'»�hWçÆZŒ)g}Ãé™@*ìX

8X1ûZgX

B¢aX 52-65 9XŸÅMð17V{Ð~ÔN*ùV6,(„âL¶K**]ÔùC~âL gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::

ÈgZX

Zk,ZyÆ‚B‚Bf!�ñy~X ::::(Map 2) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ

48

49

e@*�ÛZ"ø1÷( )Duttaphrynus himalayanus (Plate 3)

ø1ðu1864 Bufo melanostictus var. himalayanus Günther, Rept.

Brit. India: 422.

Type locality: Sikkim and Nepal.

: Tytâq1~÷ÜìÔZkЊg`fspZmÐTãY$Ëì:

ñ�ŠX supra orbital 1XuƒZÔÜsWçÆZz6,zZÑQ¸g

2XW\V»ŠgxãÃ,!*Ñð�LÐahZX3X�6,Š{¹gN*c*)úc*VX

4X6,ZQ+uÅMðAMX5X«ŠzâVZÄ_V',Z',X

6X16,)F,KMQ¸gX

B¢aX 130-132 7XŸÅMð17VÈg~ÔùtÐÑCXuÆZ¸gZzgZèVÆu}÷} gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::

Èg}X

¢aJ-Æ—~J- 2000-3500 ŸÃ{ø1~ (Map 3) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

gkgeňìX0*Îy~WfZŠòZzgf!DÙZg{ezn,y~0*ðYCìX

50

51

Duttaphrynus hazarensis (Plate 4)

)Š@*�ÛZ"DÙZgI(

DÙZg{¨u M. S. Khan, Pakistan J. 2000 Bufo melanostictus hazarensis

Zool., 33(4) 293-298.

Type locality: Ooghi, Manshera, and Datta,

Hazara Division, NWFP, Pakistan.

TTTTyyyy::::

ZX6,ZQ+¼zŠ¤/Š{X

2XÓxZèVÆWy~7g}Ь7g}6,ŠzŠzZ¸gX

3Xu6,Ðð»Q¸g®ŠXZzgEgwZ¸gñ�ŠX

B¢a 150 4Xt0*ÎV~0*ðYäzZàƒÐ(,~uìXâŠ{ÅŸÅMðB¢aX 95-120 Ðic*Š{X3,ÅMð

gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::

ŸÈgZÔuc({JŠZgXùtÐÑCÔ¤/ŠyÑÈg~XÂ6~3,Ť/ŠyigŠZzg«ZzgŠzu~Zi6,({Â6~¶KyX

''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

DÙZg{ezn,yÔº[ÆÑàNh~´ºZzgWfZŠ±g-.çI

GMMMMMMX (Map 4)

52

53

Pseudepidalea baturae (Plate 5)

)±e~b´Gg~(GgZ¯Ó4k2.ç GIGJÅu

1999 Bufo pseudoraddei baturae Stöck, Schmid, Steinlein,

Grosse, Ital. J. Zool. 66:221-226.

Type locality: Hunza River, north of Passu River, Gilgit

Agency, Baltistan, northeastern Pakistan.

TTTTyyyy::::

1XcZN*[+¼zŠ)úc*VX

2XŠzâVW\V»ŠgxãÃ,1VÆŠgxãÃAÆ',Z',c*ZkмÁX

3X0*ƒVÅZèVÆnZq-Zq-Z¸gX3X;BÅ«ÔŠzu~Zzg‰ŠiŠ~ZiÆnŠzŠzZ¸gX

B¢aX 60-65 4XŸÅMðŸÈgZiìãc*{Ð~ÈgZ8n.ç EFgL(,}"F,KMiìãJ� gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::

W:~Aƒñ÷X

''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

Ñwæ¹Nh~eÔ0*ÎÔÎZ]ÔŒÛZ™xÔuÔryX (Map 5)

54

55

Duttaphrynus latastii (Plate 6)

)Š@*�ÛZ"8_54-öHGJ(

ÉåOZqu1882 Bufo latastii Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal.:294.

Type locality: Ladakh, northeastern, Pakistan.

TTTTyyyy::::

XuœÔQ¸g®ŠX 1

XZz6,zZÑ�N*ŠzâVW\VÆŠgxyÆÃ,ÐahZX 2

X�6,Š{úc*VÔWçÐWŠJahZX 3

X0*ƒVÅZèVÆ7gzV6,ŠzŠzZ¸gX 4

X6,ZQ+¼zŠ¤/Š{X 5

B¢aX 53-62 XŸÅMð 6

:ŸiìãÔT6,CÔ({Zzg÷}iìãJXZq-¯g8-ÅNg~ gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\

ŠJg~XùtÐÑCÔŠZrŠZgXZèVÆu}({X

¢a—~J-X 2500- 3000 −ZcÔòÔryÔ (Map 6) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

56

57

Pseudepidalea pseudoraddei (Plate 7)

)±e~b´Îezgi+c*ð(ÎZC¨u

1971 Bufo viridis pseudoraddei Mertens, Senckenb. Biol.

52(1-2):7-15.

Type locality: Mingora, Swat, Pakistan.

TTTTyyyy::::

ÐZL(,}(,}iìãŠZVÆ!*)TãYCìX Bufo viridis tâq

1»g8-−ÔTÆŠZN!*NW:~k„÷}iìã(,}ŠZrÔ1Æ

Šgxyúc*VCŠJg~XN*ùV6,(,}÷}ŠZrX1)úc*Vîg6,Z¸gŠZg

Xtuberculated

1ŠzâVY+$÷~iìãÔZq-CL~ŠJg~XY"54èEEGE~iìã gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::

Y\ÏāXZ‹+A£ÐöEFN*ùV6,(,}(,}÷}iìãŠZrX16,gL(,}3,x

Z¸gX

jg{)ÎZ](ÔZzgv0*ÎãZzgZjãŸ;ñÃ{X (Map7 :) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð\\\\ƒƒƒƒ

58

59

Pseudepidalea siacheninsis (Plate 8)

)±e~b´(854è FGEEw((uÅu

1997 Bufo siacheninsis Khan, Pakistan J. Zool. 29(1):43-48.

Type locality: Shinu village, on the left bank of the River

Shyok, 140 km east of Skardu, at the foot of Siachen Glacier,

Baltistan, northeastern Pakistan.

TTTTyyyy::::

÷~iìãÖCVX 6 X16, 1

X«ŠzâVZÄ_V',Z',X 2

Xa¶Zi»uZŠ~ZiÅWy~7gÆn(ìX 3

X'ÅÄ°®ŠX 4

X6,ZQ+¼zŠZKahZðЊzkHMX 5

XHàÆZÐÔúZzg'6,¼zŠX 6

X1ÆZ¸g3,xX 7

B¢aX 59-62 XŸÅMð 8

Èg~16,b÷~iìãÀŠ~ŠJgc*VXYCZzgN*ùVÆn gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::

gLgLJXZèVÆu}CX

({uzZŠ~ÔÑwæ¹ryX (Map 8) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

60

61

Pseudepidale surda (Plate 9)

±e~b´aç NeZ( )

�ñã¨u

1891 Bufo surdus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London,

(6)7:282.

Type locality: Balochistan., Pakistan.

Ty:

XW\VÆŠgxy»Ã,!*Ñð�LÐßX 1

X�6,Š{úc*VWçÅahZðнãWŠJX 2

X0*ƒVÅa¶QiÆnZq-Zq-Q¸gX 3

X6,ZN*à^gÔ!*Ñð�LÅMðÆ',Z',X 4

X16,q-{gZ¸gX 5

B¢aX 45-65 XŸÅMð 6

:1Èg~ÔiìãJŠZgÔ!*Ñð�L6,Zq-({“X gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\

'Z5ð;ƒ:

f!�ñyZzgÃ&40î JGHÆZgŠ¤/ŠzZŠ-V~X (Map 9)

62

63

Pseudepidalea )±e~b´−v$42.çGJG~(

zugmayeri (Plate 10)

�ñã¨u1973 Bufo viridis zugmayeri Eiselt and Schmidtler, Ann.

Naturhist. Mus. Wien. 77:206-207.

Type locality: Peshin, southeastern Balochistan, Pakistan.

TTTTyyyy::::

1X6,ZQ+¼zŠ�6,Š}ÆnJ-“ƒñX

2XW\V»ŠgxãÃ,!*Ñð�LÐahZX3X«ZiŠzu~ÐDX

X(tubercles) 4X0*ƒVÅa¶ZiŠzu~ÐDÔZzgZkÆ7gzVÆnŠzŠzZ·g5X16,)úc*VJZ¸gÔ�ŠZN!*N·gzV~zZ§÷X

B¢aX 50-70 6XŸÅMð:1ÑÈg~Ô÷}iìãŠZVÐ'×+XZèVÆu}CX gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\

Ã@Ƥ/ŠNh-VÐe©ÅzZŠ-VJ-X (Map 10) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

64

65

Family MEGOPHRYIDAE )ÄF�ÛZà~(ZkÄÅZq-âq0*ÎyÐgkgeÅìX

Scutiger nyingchiensis (Plate 11)

)jKµã+cI(

ñ¨u1977 Scutiger nyingchiensis Fei, Acta Zoologica Sinica, 23 (1): 54-55.

Type locality: Linzhi, Tibet.

TTTTyyyy::::X�6,Š{)úc*VX 1

XuZKMðÐahZÔZzgóƒZX 2

XðÍwÔßgsŠ›ƒñX 3

X1V»ŠgxãÃ,ÔW\VÆŠgxãÃAÐ(,ZÔp!*Ñð�LÅahZð 4

йÁXXZÄ_VgKZzg–Ô«Šzu~Îc*QkмgKX 5

XCÙZiÆ−7g}Æ‚BZq-š‚Z¸gX 6

XŸ6,{gŠZggK(,~|›X 7

B¢aX 50-57 XŸÅMð 8

1÷~iìãc*÷}g8-ÆdVÐ'×+XZq-Ng~¯g8- gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::ÅŠJg~XZq-({ŠJg~ðÔ1VÔW\VЃCƒð÷áäJ-YCìX

Å—~J-gkgeň 3000-3500 :Ã{øD~ (Map 11) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒìXWfZŠòÔuZzgŠz‚ðyZy~0*ðYCìX

66

67

Family MICROHYLIDAE )ÄâMz;ð7~(ZkÄÅŠzòZzgŠzZâZq0*Îy~Q÷:

Microhyla ornata (Plate 12) âMz;^Zzg&45é EGH( )

1**�u1841 Engystoma ornatum Duméril and Bibron, Erpet. Gen. 8:745.

Type locality: Malabar Coast, India.

TTTTyyyy::::

B¢aX 30 1Xߊ;y�uÔŸÅMð2XW\V»ŠgxãÃ,!*Ñð�LÐahZX3XZÄ_V**iuÔ«ZiŠzu~йgKX4X0*ƒVÅZèVÆ7gzVÆik,,Z¸gúc*VÔZèVÆu}ñLX6X1ûZgÔšÏZ¸gŠZgX

7X'Å|^®ŠX

B¢aX 27-29 8XŸÅMðŸuqâbiìãÔ1ÆŠgxy~Zq-KF,~÷~Èg~�ÛZcŠZ gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::

N!*N#ƒðY\�W\VÐÑzqƒ™÷áâVÆŠgxyăð1Æ

−{~’™ÔŠZN!*NN*8-ÃZq-Zq-÷ácŠn»ƒYCìX({ŠJg~�WçÐÑzqƒ™÷áäJ-YCìXN*4ŠJgh+ZgXùCÔÂ6~3,»†ZzgYC

÷~Èg~X

WfZŠòZzg!*Ñð�|ÅzZŠ~~¬xX (Map 12) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

68

69

Uperodon systoma (Plate 13)

)ZzczeZybh4ðHâ(

%%,g8-½g{�u1799 Rana systoma Schneider, Hist. Amphib. I:144.

Type locality: Carnatic, Biligiriranga Hills, Mysore, Madras,

India.

TTTTyyyy::::

ZX�ŠÔŸÍwâw&tŧb(£Õä FN™g3Y@*ìX

2XðÍwÔZkÅMðWçÅahZðÆ',Z',X

3XZÄ_V**iuÔ«Šzu~ÐgKX4X0*ƒVÅZèVÆŠgxygKÏGX5XùZzgA~{6,Q¸gX

B¢aX 50-60 6XŸÅMðŸ†!g8-ÔŠZN!*N÷}Èg}ŠZVÅY\XùC~ gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::

âbT6,(„âbŠZrX

''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

†!yz*ãâqÔ0*Îy~å[ÔP‚wIZÐ]7,c*VNh~ (Map 13)

ŸÆŒÛd$ZsxW!*ŠÐñZŠHåX

70

71

Family RANIDAE )ÄgZ•~(ZâZq0*ðYC÷: 11 Z»kZzg 7 ZkÄÅ0*Îy~

Allopaa barmoachensis (Plate 14)

)Zß0*',ñfw(ò0+~�u1989 Rana barmoachensis Khan and Tasnim, J. Herpetol. 23

(4):419-423.

Type locality: Barmoach, Goi Madan, Azad Kashmir.

TTTTyyyy::::1XuZKMðÐahZX2XôYÑX�6,Š{úc*VX3X1V»ŠgxãÃ,!*Ñð�LÅahZðÐMX4X«ZiŠzu~ÐDX5XZèVÆu}YáƒñÔ7gzVÆQ¸gúc*VX6XZèVƬZzgŠzu}7g}ÆŠgxyZq-úc*V|^X7X1{gŠZgX8X3,Å«ZiÅa6,Â6~»ŒX

B¢aX 56-61 9XŸÅMð:Ÿi0+{qª~iìyâbÈgZÔ8n.ç EF(„âbŠÆ�Y"54è

EEGE~ gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\ic*Š{XW\VÆŠgxyŠzŠÆXuÅ¿ÔY"54è

EEGEÔ„zV6,(„âbY\X!*izƒVZzgN*ùV6,gLÈg}ŠZVÅY\�gZyJ-#ƒðìXù

tÐÑCÔ;BZzg0*ƒV(„âbXZèVÅŠgxãGiìãÈg~XWiZŠò~WgZx!*h~Ô"0î GG0*ãÔl**àÔZzgÃOÆ0+~ (Map 14) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

**ßVÐgkgeHŠHìX

72

73

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis cyanophlyctis (Plate 15)

$�u1799 Rana cyanophlyctis Schneider, Hist. Amphib. I:137.

Type locality: Eastern India.

Ty:

1XW\V»ŠgxãÃ,!*Ñð�LÅMðÐÁX

2X�6,Š{úc*VÔWçÅahZð»ŠZzX

3XZÄ_VDÔu}fgZñLÔ«Šzu~',Z',X4X0*ƒVÅZÄ_V7g~GŠZgX5X0*ƒVZ0+gzãZ¸gMÔ!*gq-ÔZi6X

Æ vocal sacs 6X3,Æ„}ÆnŠzâVY+$¢~|WzZiaZ™äzZà

Yg8-ÆEÎgZcX

7X16,)}3,xZ¸gX8Xù2CT6,Èg~Ñ"VЯYwX

B¢aDX 55-67 B¢aÔâŠ{ 43-463, 9X

1ÑÈg~c*iìãÔ(„âbÔT6,"F,KMÈg}JXgZy gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::

6,igŠÔCŠJgc*VXùC({ŠÆŠZgXWzZiaZ™äzZà¼VÑÈg~Xù

6,ÈgZYwX

0*ÎyŃЬxâqÔÎZñ',ÃãNh-VÆCÙ (Map 15) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

(QìX

74

75

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis microspinulata

)-¡Ò5»4øE

GH‚"¡Ó»4øEH

âMz_543ð FGE8(

»ŒŠZg$�u1997 Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis microspinulata M. S. Khan,

Pakistan J. Zool., 29:107-112.

Type locality: Khuzdar, southeast Kalat Division, Balochistan,

Pakistan.

TTTTyyyy::::

1XôÆÎgZcWh}ÔôÆÔ)g}6,Zq-({u}zZÑMZ¸gX

2X16,Mð¥cQ¸gÔXÆŠgxy!*gq-Èg}»ŒX

3XZèVZzgN*ùV6,Èg}»ŒX

4XZ0+gzã'»Q¸gp{Ô‚tÐñN*X

B¢aX 41-63 5XŸÅMð:1ÑÈg~c*iìãÔT6,"F,KMJXgZy6,igŠÔCŠJgc*VX gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\

ù6,C({ŠÆŠZgXWzZiaZ™äzZà¼VÑÈg~Xù6,ÈgZYwX

zik,*yÔxâZàÔyÔ�ñyÔZjjîyX ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

76

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis seistanica

-¡Ò5»4øE

GH‚"¡Ó»4øEH

¨¥

¨ã$�u1900 Rana seistanica Nikolsky, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. St.

Petersburg, iv, 1899:375-418.

Type locality: Seistan.

âqŠzu~ZâZqÐZKŠ§DÂÐTãYCì�WçÅahZðÐD TTTTyyyy::::ttttƒCìX

¨yX0*uZjyuuÆ‚BX ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

77

Allopaa hazarensis (Plate 16)

))))ZZZZßßßß0000****DDDDÙÙÙÙZZZZggggyyyywwww((((zZŠ~DÙZg{»�u

1979 Rana hazarensis Dubois and Khan, J. Herpetol. 13:403-410.

Type locality: Datta, District Manshera, Pakistan.

TTTTyyyy::::

1X1Æ»ŒD¢~|IV6,X

2XôYÑ!*ÑðX

B¢aX 55-62 3XŸÅMðg8-ZzgY\:1Èg~T6,÷ZiìãYwXZq-Èg~Wh~÷ŠzâVW\VÆ

Ô)gzVÆŠgxyX

:DÙZg{ezn,yÔß/JypZ{ÆNh~0+~**áX (Map 16) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð\\\\ƒƒƒƒ::::

78

79

Fejervarya limnocharis (Plate 17)

)¢-?çEGEzZgzZÅ.3ðEPk(Nh~Q+Z�u

1835 Rana limnocharis Boie, in: Wiegmann, Nova Acta Acad.

Leop. Carol., 17, Pt.1:255.

Type locality: Java.

Ty:

1Xð!*gq-ÔìÐWÐJ-(,SƒðX2X1V»ŠgxãÃ,WçÅahZð»WŠJc*ŠZzX3X�6,Š{úc*VX4X«ZiŠzu~ÐDX7gzVÆnúc*VZ¸gX5XN*8-Z‹§sñhäÐ'»�h»yÆ6,Š}Zzg1VÆŠgxyJ-(ìX6X0*ƒVÅZèVÆu}¼ñLÔZÄ_VÛJ-GŠZgÔ7gzVÆnÆZ¸gúc*VX7X16,gLgLQ¸gZzgD|›X

^»¶KyX!*iz¢o«ZiÆ " W " 8X3,ÆŒÅ3weLÔZk6,ÈgZnZq-ahZQ¸gX

B¢aMX 39-43 9XŸŸ−ÈgZc*iìãT6,÷}ucg8-»LÔW\VÆŠgxy gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::

^»({¶KyXZÒZq-igŠL~÷0*ðYCìÔƒŠVZzgN*ùV6,Èg~ÖCVX "V"

3,Ť/Šy(„âbXWfZŠòÔ0*ÎyÆNh~´VZzg7;gЃ@*ƒZ (Map 17) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

º[J-;ƒZìÔik,,�|~ÁÁMìX

80

81

Fejervarya syhadrensis (Plate 18)

)¢-?çEGEzZgzZogI(

�SQ+Z�u1919 Rana syhadrensis Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. Calcutta 16:123.

Type locality: Bombay Presidency, between 300 and 500 m in southern

India.

TTTTyyyy::::

1X«Qi½ãŠzu~ÎDX

2XN*8-WÐŧsñhäÐ'»�hWçÆZŒ)g}ÐðÆ)g}

J-(ìX

B¢aMX 32-34 3XŸ:1tÐàÔT6,({ŠÆT6,ucc*âtðg8-Æ!*gq-$©3ð

EGGV» gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\

·X¯g8-ÅNg~ÑMXùCXÂ6~3,~ŒÅ¢(„âbX

ÅŠzâVZâZq 0*ÎyÆyZã´V~¢-?çEGEzZgzZ :(Map 20) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ

ZÇ0*ðYC÷X²¢-?çEGEzZgzZogI�|~¬xQìX

82

83

Allopaa hazarensis (Plate18)

)Zß0*DÙZgyw(zZŠ~DÙZg{»�u

1979 Rana hazarensis Dubois and Khan, J. Herpetol.

13:403-410.

Type locality: Datta, District Manshera, Pakistan.

TTTTyyyy::::

1X1Æ»ŒD¢~|IV6,X

2XôYÑ!*ÑðX

B¢aX 55-62 3XŸÅMðg8-ZzgY\:1Èg~T6,÷ZiìãYwXZq-Èg~Wh~÷ŠzâVW\VÆ

Ô)gzVÆŠgxyX

(Map 18) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð\\\\ƒƒƒƒ::::

DÙZg{ezn,yÔß/JypZ{ÆNh~0+~**áX

84

Sphaerotheca breviceps (Plate 19)

)Éz(Ÿ1¹éG

G',-~_54øGF(¨uú�u1799 Rana breviceps Schneider, Hist. Amphib.:140.

Type locality: India.

TTTTyyyy::::1XŸVÔ¨uúX2XuMðÐahZX3X�6,Š{úc*VÔWçÅahZðÆ',Z',X4X«ZiŠzu~ÐDX5XN*4gKÔN*8-WЙä6,'»�h÷áäJ-?(ìX6X0*ƒVÅZÄ_VÛЊ}{J-GŠZgX7X'»Z0+gzãZ¸gahZÔ"5ÑCé EGFúX8X1ûZgÔ)úc*VD|›X

B¢aMX 40-52 9XŸgggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::iìãŸ6,}ŠZVÅY\ÔZq-ÑigŠL~ŠJg~XŠzâV÷áâV6,Zq-(,Z

ZÍw¶Ky�Y"54èEEGEŧsY@*ìX„zVZzgN*ùV6,)úc*VigŠŠJgc*VX

¢6,)úc*VZ¸gXùigŠ~âbCÔÂ6~3,~¤/Šy({XXXXX ZzZb/~uucZzgahZÔW\VƤ/Š({¯

t�uø1ðik,,zZŠ-VÐ7;gÅNh-V ((((:::: Map 19) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::~0+~Ô**ßVÔzZŠ-V~;ƒZìXZzgŠgc*ƒVÆ‚ByZã´V~ŠZ4ƒ@*ìXZzgZk§byZã´V~}}0*c*Y@*ìXayyÆõZZzg™ZcÔ8ï OEZzgâ8ÅzZŠ-V~t�uZµê»ßEV~0*c*Y@*ìX

85

86

Chrysopaa sternosignata (Plate 20)

)™Á0*7â]½545éYEGH(�ñã»gm,~�u

1885 Rana sternosignata Murray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,

London (5)16:120.

Type locality: Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.

TTTTyyyy::::

1XuóƒZÔMðйahZX2X1V»ŠgxãÃ,W\VÆŠgxãÃAÐMÔ�!*Ñð�LÅahZðÐÁX

3X�6,Š{)úc*VÔWçÅahZðÐÛÆ',Z',X

4X'»�hWçÆÔ)g}J-(ìX

5X0*ƒVÅZÄ_VÔ7g~GŠZgX6X3w¹eLÔZ#�u0*ãÐ!*Cك¢~|›úc*VX

7X16,{gŠZgQ¸gX{gŠZgX«ŠzZÄ_V{gŠZgX 8XÂ6~3,Æ!*izúc*V¢oÔŸÅY"54è

EEGEZzgù

YCÅŠzâV§s»ŠV»6X

9XWçÅ"5Ðö FNGZ|ßÔ¡»Z6WçÃZq-{mˆŠîìX

B¢aX 88-90 ŸÅMðZzgucŠÆXù 6,gL(,}igŠÔâtð 1Èg~iìãÔT gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::

6,Èg}Zzg({!*gq-xVÅYZgXgK/~g8-÷ZÈgZiìãX CTÃ&40î JGHZzg8-ÆZgŠ¤/Š»gm,0+-V~!*Z�ÛZ]0*c* (Map 20) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

¢aÅ—~ÐÌgkgeHŠHìX 1800-2000 Zjjîy~ Y@*ìX

87

88

Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Plate 21)

)jø|oN*/Z"(

ð�u1803 Rana tigerinus Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rainettes:64, Plate 20.

Type locality: Bengal.

TTTTyyyy::::

ZXðâûÔ‚tŧs(,SƒðX2XW\V»ŠgxãÃ,!*Ñð�LйßX3X�6,Š{úc*VÔWçAX4X«ZiŠzu~Ð(,~X

5X'»�hWçZzg**uÆŠgxy(ìX

6X0*ƒVÅZÄ_VDÔ7g~GŠZgX7X'»ÛzãZ¸gZèVÐZµêX

8X0*ƒVÅZèVÆ7gzVÆZ¸ggLX0*v,0*ƒVÅZiÆÛzã)g}6,

Zq-¢~DGXMðÆgcIKƒð|›X 6-14 9X1ûZgÔ

01Xñ\êLÂ6~3,Æ!*izúc*VñLÔ«ZzgŠzu~ZiÅa6,Èg}!*gq-»ŠV

6,ŒGXŒÅŠzâVY+$÷}Yg8-ÅWzZiaZ™äżVX

B¢aX 130-145 11XŸÅMðŸ÷Ziìãc*iìyâbÈgZXZq-igŠNg~ŠJg~À˜0*ðYC gggg8888----ZZZZzzzzggggYYYY\\\\::::

89

ìXN*ùV6,(„âbÖCVc*ŠZrXgZy»êzigŠ~âb({XùC¤/Šy(„âbX

(Map 21) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

ð�u0*Îy»¬xF,+Zzg(,Z�uìXt!*ÑðZzgik,,�|~zZµ

Š−àZzgvkÆyZâV~ÔŠgc*Ô0+~ÔZzg*VÆ)gzV6,¬x0*c*Y@*ìX

ZkâqáÑCéE

w�ñyÐg»ge7HŠHXZ%Zjjîy~Šg{6ÆŒÛd$Æ

´ºÐZÐgkgeHŠHìX

90

91

Nanorana vicina (Plate 22)

)qgZ**zq-‚&45é JGE(Ã{%~»�u

1872 Rana vicina Stoliczka, Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal,

Calcutta 1872:124-131.

Type locality: Murree, alpine Punjab, Pakistan.

TTTTyyyy::::

ZX�6,Š{úc*VX

2X«ŠzâVZÄ_V',Z',X

Xwebbed 3X0*ƒVÅZÄ_VWŠSGŠZg4X1Z¸gŠZgX

1882 (Map 22) ''''ZZZZ5555ðððð;;;;ƒƒƒƒ::::

Paa ÃtâqÃ{%~ÆZq-`Њgc*ăð¶Xˆ~ZÐWfZŠòÐ

Æ**xÐg7g^HŠHìX pleskei

92

ÂÂÂÂÒÒÒÒ]]]]X 61-124 :0*ÎyÅ1§]Ô™ 3 XV(£Ó4/õ

GJGÔ�0+}ÔÃ}ÔZzg‚,$X!*[ 1991

Z6,âwÔуg 299X241"5Ò5»4jèFEGGIE�

Z6,âwÔ 299 X366 Xui$4èGEL0*ÎyÆ�uZzg�0+}XZgŠz‚b1geX"5Ò5»4jèFEGGIE� 2000

уg2006. Amphibians and Reptiles of Pakistan. Krieger Publishing

Company, Malabar, Florida, pp. 311.

1980. Affinities and Zoogeography of herpetiles of Pakistan. Biologia,

26:113-171.

1985. An interesting collection of amphibians and reptiles from

Cholistan Desert, Punjab, Pakistan. J. Bombay. Nat. Hist. Soc.,

82:144-148.

1986. A noteworthy collection of amphibians and reptiles from

northwestern Punjab, Pakistan. The Snake, 18:118-125.

1987. Checklist, distribution and zoogeographical affinities of

herpetofauna of Balochistan. Proc. Pakistan Zool. Congress, 7:105-112.

1994. Key for identification of amphibians and reptiles of Pakistan.

Pakistan J. Zool., 26:249-255.

1999. Herpetology of habitat types of Pakistan. Pakistan J.

Zool.,31(3):275-289

2003. Up to date checklist of amphibians and reptiles of Pakistan.

Journal of Natural History and Wildlife, (Karachi), 2(1):11-17.

2004. Annotated Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of Pakistan.

Asiatic Herpetological Research, 10: 191-201.

and Ahmed, Naeem, 1987. On a collection of amphibians and reptiles

from Baluchistan, Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool.,19:361-370.

and Khan, A. Q. 2000 b. Species richness of terrestrial vertebrates of

Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool., 32(3):193-199.

and Baig, K. J., 1988. Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of

District Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan. The Snake, 20:156-161.

1965. A normal table of Bufo stomaticus (Bufo melanostictus).

Biologia (Lahore), 11:1-39.

93

1968. Morphogenesis of digestive tract of Bufo stomaticus. Pakistan J.

Sci. Res.,20:93-106.

1968. Amphibian fauna of District Jhang with notes on habits.

Pakistan J. Sci. 20:227-233.

1969. A normal table of Rana tigerina Daudin. 1.Early development

(Stages 1-27). Pakistan J. Sci. 21:36-50.

1972. The "commonest toad" of West Pakistan and a note on Bufo

melanostictus Schneider. Biologia (Lahore), 18:131-133.

1973. Food of tiger frog Rana tigerina Daudin. Biologia (Lahore),

19:93-107.

1974. Discovery of Microhyla ornata (Dumeril & Bibron) from the

Punjab, Pakistan. Biologia (Lahore), 179-180.

1976. An annotated checklist and key to the amphibians of Pakistan.

Biologia (Lahore), 22:201-210.

1979. On a collection of amphibians from northern Punjab and Azad

Kashmir, with ecological notes. Biologia (Lahore), 25:37-50.

1982. Key for the identification of amphibian tadpoles from the plains of

Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool., 14:133-145.

1982. Collection, preservation and identification of amphibian eggs

from the plains of Pakistan. Pakistan. J. Zool., 14:241-243.

1991. Morphoanatomical specialization of the buccopharyngeal region of

the anuran larvae and its bearing on the mode of larval feeding. Ph.D.

dissertation, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. pp. 99.

1994. A revised checklist and key to the amphibians of Pakistan.

Hamadryad, 19:11-14.

1996. Oropharyngeal morphology of tadpole of southern cricket frog

Rana syhadrensis Annandale, 1919, and its ecological correlates.

Pakistan J. Zool., 28:133-138.

1996. The oropharngeal morphology and feeding habits of tadpole of

tiger frog Rana tigerina Daudin. Russian J. Herpetol., 2:163-171.

1997. A new toad from the foot of Siachin Glacier, Baltistan,

northeastern Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool., 29(1):43-48.

1997. A new subspecies of common skittering frog Euphlyctis

cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799) from Balochistan, Pakistan. Pakistan J.

Zool., 29(2):107-112.

94

1998. Status of amphibian fauna of Pakistan. In: Biology and

conservation of the amphibians, reptiles and their habits in south Asia.

Pp.:137-139. A. De Silva (Ed.). Amphibia and reptile Research

Organization of Sri Lanka, Peradeniya.

1998. Oropharyngeal morphology and feeding specializations of

amphibian tadpoles. In: Biology and conservation of the amphibians,

reptiles and their habits in south Asia. Pp.:47-50. A. De Silva (Ed.).

Amphibia and reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka, Peradeniya.

1999. Food particle retrieval in amphibian tadpoles. Zoo-Print J.,

14(5):17-20.

2000. Recent advances in the taxonomic status of ranid frogs of Pakistan.

Pakistan J. Zool., 32(4):161-171.

2000. The oropharyngeal morphology and feeding habits of tadpole of

Microhyla ornata. Asiatic Herpetol. Res., vol. 9:130-138.

2002. A Checklist and Key to the Amphibia of Pakistan. Bulletin

Chicago Herpetological Society,. 37(9):158-163.

2002. Riparian tadpoles of Punjab, Pakistan: Bufo stomaticus Lutkin,

1862. Bulletin Chicago Herpetological Society,37(12):216-219.

2003. Hyobranchial apparatus of amphibian tadpoles and its ecological

correlates. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 35(4):263-269.

2004. Riparian tadpoles: Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin, 1902) with

notes on breeding habits and feeding ecology. Bulletin of the Chicago

Herpetological Society, 39(6):101-104.

2004. Lung morphology and its significance in riparian tadpoles. Bulletin

of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 39(9): 169-172.

2004. Checklist and key to the Amphibia, Chelonia and Crocodylia of

Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology supplement series, No. 4: 1-14.

2005a. Wild life of tadpoles. Bonnopran (Bangladesh Wildlife Network).

2(1): 88-92.

2005b. Addition of a frog of the family Megophryidae to the amphibian

fauna of Pakistan. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 40(4):

70-71.

2005f. An overview of Amphibian fauna of Pakistan. Bonnoprani-

Bengledesh Wildlife Bulletin, 2(2):14-22.

2008. Amphibians of Pakistan. Reptilia (GB) No. 56, February

95

2008: 60-66.

2008b. Development of Digestive System of Indus Valley

Toad Bufo stomaticus Lütken. Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 40(4),

pp. 275-282, 2008.

2009. Amphibians of Pakistan. In: Amphibians of Southeast Asia. (in

press)

and Malik, S. A. 1987. Buccopharyngeal morphology of tadpole

larva of Rana hazarensis Dubois and Khan 1979, and its torrenticole

adaptations. Biologia (Lahore), 33:45-60.

and Malik, S. A.1987. Reproductive strategies in a subtropical anuran

population in arid Punjab, Pakistan. Biologia (Lahore), 33:279-303.

and Tasnim, Rashida, 1987. A field guide to the identification of herps

of Pakistan. Part I: Amphibia, Monograph No. 14. Biological Society

of Pakistan, Lahore, pp.1-27.

and Tasnim, Rashida, 1989. A new frog of the genus Rana, subgenus

Paa, from southwestern Azad Kashmir. J. Herpetol., 23:419-423.

and Tasnim, Rashida, 1992. On a strange escape behavior shown by

common Pakistani toad Bufo stomaticus to an ophidian predator. The

Snake, 24:74-76.

and Mufti, S. A. 1994. Oral disc morphology of amphibian tadpole and

its functional correlates. Pakistan J. Zool., 26:25-30.

and Mufti, S. A. 1994. Buccopharyngeal specializations of tadpole of

Bufo stomaticus and its ecological correlates. Pakistan J.

Zool.,26:285-292.

and Mufti, S. A. 1995. Oropharyngeal morphology of detritivorous

tadpole of Rana cyanophlyctis Schneider, and its ecological correlates.

Pakistan J. Zool., 27:43-49.

Dubois, A. and Khan, M. S. 1979. A new species of frog (genus Rana,

subgenus Paa) from northern Pakistan (Amphibia, Anura). J. Herpetol.,

13:403-410

//

96

97

98

99

100

101