植物遺伝資源探索導入調査報告書 (平成28年度) - NARO

ISSN 0915-602X

植物遺伝資源探索導入調査報告書

通巻第 33 巻

平成 28 （2016）年度

　　国立研究開発法人　　　　　農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構　遺伝資源センター

査読者（Reviewers)

阿部　純　　　Jun ABE伊勢村　武久　Takehisa ISEMURA入江　憲治　　Kenji IRIE江花　薫子　　Kaoru EBANA蝦名　真澄　　Masumi EBINA大木　信彦　　Nobuhiko OHKI加賀　秋人　　Akito KAGA川頭　洋一　　Yoichi KAWAZU河瀨　眞琴　　Makoto KAWASE齊籐　猛雄　　Takeo SAITO眞田　康治　　Yasuharu SANADA下村　晃一郎　Koichiro SHIMOMURA高橋　有　　　Yu TAKAHASHI田中　克典　　Katsunori TANAKA田中　義行　　Yoshiyuki TANAKA友岡　憲彦　　Norihiko TOMOOKA土門　英司　　Eiji DOMON内藤　健　　　Ken NAITO西田　英隆　　Hidetaka NISHIDA馬場　晶子　　Akiko BABA福井　邦明　　Kuniaki FUKUI藤森　雅博　　Masahiro FUJIMORI松島　憲一　　Ken-ichi MATSUSHIMA山本　伸一　　Shin-ichi YAMAMOTO吉岡　洋輔　　Yosuke YOSHIOKA

編集委員会

遺伝資源センター

江花　薫子（編集長 )高橋　有友岡　憲彦土門　英司内藤　健馬場　晶子福井　邦明山本　伸一奥泉　久人（編集事務局）西川　智太郎（編集事務局）伊勢村　武久（編集事務）野中　絵梨（編集補佐 )

岡山大学

加藤　鎌司

東京農業大学

入江　憲治

Editorial Board

Kaworu EBANA (Chief Editor)Yu TAKAHASHINorihiko TOMOOKAEiji DOMONKen NAITOAkiko BABAKuniaki FUKUIShin-ichi YAMAMOTOHisato OKUIZUMI (Associate Editor)Tomotaro NISHIKAWA (Associate Editor)Takehisa ISEMURA (Assistant Editor)Eri NONAKA (Editorial Staff)

Genetic Resources Center, NARO

Kenji KATOOkayama University

Kenji IRIETokyo Unuversity of Agriculture

まえがき

　食糧増産に向けた新たな品種の開発には，多様な遺伝的特性を備えた植物遺伝資源の利用が不可欠です．特に，地球温暖化によって国内で新たな病虫害や生理障害の発生が懸念され，それらに対応するために新たな耐病虫性等を備えた品種開発が求められています．しかし，平成 29 年8 月に名古屋議定書国内措置が発効し，新たに海外から遺伝資源を導入する際には，提供国許可の取得（Prior Informed Consent：PIC）・当事者間合意の締結（Mutually Agreed Terms：MAT）が必要となりました．遺伝資源の提供に国際的な手順が確立されるのは望ましい事である反面，国によっては煩雑な手続きが必要となり，海外遺伝資源の入手が難しくなることも懸念されます．　そのため，農研機構では従来の「農業生物資源ジーンバンク事業」に加えて，平成 26 年度から農林水産省委託プロジェクト「気候変動対応と国内農業競争力強化のため海外植物遺伝資源の特性解明（Plant Genetic Resources in Asia：PGRAsia）」を受託し，東南アジア諸国のジーンバンクとの共同研究を通して，海外遺伝資源へのアクセス環境の整備に取り組んでいます．　本報告書では国内探索 5 報と海外探索 10 報を掲載し，その中には，平成 28 年度農業生物資源シーンバンク事業の植物遺伝資源部門における国内外の探索・収集に加えて，PGRAsia プロジェクトによる植物遺伝資源の海外現地調査情報 7 報を含んでいます．遺伝資源の利用にあたっての情報としてご利用いただければ幸いです．　最後に，私達の活動に様々なご指導とご支援をいただきました国内外の方々に心よりお礼申し上げます．

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　平成 30 年 3 月　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　国立研究開発法人

農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構遺伝資源センター長

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　根本博

植物遺伝資源探索導入調査報告書（平成 28 年度）目次

まえがき

Ⅰ．国内探索収集調査報告1. 大分県および宮崎県におけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の収集と保全，2016 年・・・・・ 1

高橋有・馬場（笠井）晶子・秋葉光孝・飯泉敏勝・友岡憲彦

馬場（笠井）晶子・秋葉光孝・飯泉敏勝・伊東義弘

内藤健・大橋ほなみ・小林優生

4. 近畿地方におけるオギ遺伝資源の探索・収集　　　　　　　　　　　　・・・・・　　61

眞田康治・田村健一・秋山征夫

Ⅱ．海外探索収集及び共同調査報告1. ベトナムにおける植物遺伝資源の共同探索，2016 年　　　　　　　・・・・・ 89

川頭洋一・加藤晶子・TRAN Thi Thu Hoai・NGUYEN Van Kien

2. ラオスにおけるナス遺伝資源の共同探索，2016 年　　　　　　　　　　・・・・・　 115

齊籐猛雄・野田沙織・岸本直樹・Tounglieng VILAYPHONE・　　　　　　　　　Sengdala MOUNNALATH・Thongkhoun SISAPHAITHONG

3. カンボジアにおける植物遺伝資源の探索・収集，2016 年 12 月・・・・・　 143

奥泉久人・野中絵梨・ Layheng SEANG・Chhourn ORN・　　　　　　　　　 Sophany SAKHAN・Makara OUK

4. 2016 年度カンボジアにおけるウリ科作物遺伝資源の探索　　　　・・・・・ 175

田中克典・鴫田玄太郎・Yon SOPHEA・Vathany THUN・　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Sakhan SOPHANY・加藤鎌司

根本博

　　　　　　　　　　境垣内岳雄・竹牟禮穣・追立祐治・早野美智子・　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　岡田吉弘・谷口綾麻

2. 種子島および屋久島における　　マメ科植物遺伝資源の探索収集，2016 年 10 月 24 日～ 28 日・・・・・ 29

3. 石川県，岐阜県，および富山県における　　　　　　　　　マメ科植物遺伝資源の探索収集，2016 年　　　　　・・・・・ 49

5. 鹿児島県姶良地域における　　　　　　　サトウキビ野生種（ワセオバナ）の探索および収集　　　　　・・・・・　　75

内藤健・San San Aye・Min San Thein・Aung Phyoe Hein・　　　　　　竹井恵美子・長田俊樹・土門英司・渡邉和男・河瀬眞琴

7. ミャンマー Sagaing 地区における植物遺伝資源の探索収集 , 2015 年　　　　・・・・・ 239

高橋有・根本和洋・Santosh SHARMA・Durga Man Singh DONGOL・ Deepa Singh SHRESTHA・Ganesh Datt JOSHI・ Krishna Hari GHIMIRE・

　　　　　　　　　　Bal Krishna JOSHI・Mina Nath PAUDEL・友岡憲彦

Ⅲ．海外植物遺伝資源探索収集及び共同調査チームの派遣実績　　・・・・・ 347

Ⅳ．国内植物遺伝資源探索収集チームの派遣実績・・・・・ 359

八城和敏・下村晃一郎・Thanh-Thuy DUONG・ Deepa Singh SHRESTHA・Santosh SHARMA・Ganesh Datt JOSHI・ Durga Man Singh DONGOL・Krishna Hari GIMIRE・ Bal Krishna JOSHI・Mina Nath PAUDEL

吉田沙樹・菊野日出彦・長嶋麻美・Than Naing OO・ Ohm Mar SAW・入江憲治

Min San Thein・河瀬眞琴・土門英司・渡邉和男

10. ネパール西部におけるウリ科野菜遺伝資源の共同探索，2016 年　　　　　・・・・・ 331

杉田亘・松永啓・Sim THEAVY・Sakhan SOPHANYE

5. 2016 年カンボジア北部におけるカプシカム属遺伝資源の共同探索・・・・・ 207

6. ミャンマー北部カチン州及びその周辺地域における　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　アブラナ科遺伝資源の探索収集　　　　　・・・・・ 223

8. ミャンマー Sagaing 地区および Shan 州における

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　植物遺伝資源の探索収集，2016　　　　　・・・・・ 265

9. ネパール西部におけるマメ科作物および　　その近縁野生種の収集・保全，2016 年 10 月 29 日～ 11 月 10 日・・・・・ 295

Annual Report on Exploration and Introduction of Plant Genetic Resources in FY2016

Preface Hiroshi NEMOTO

I. Exploration and Field Research in Japan1. Collection and Conservation of Legume Genetic Resources

in Oita ana Miyazaki Prefectures of Japan in 2016 ・・・・・ 1Yu TAKAHASHI, Akiko BABA-KASAI, Mitsunori AKIBA,

Toshikatsu IIZUMI, Norihiko TOMOOKA

2. Field Survey and Collection of Leguminous Genetic Resources　　 in Tanegashima and Yakushima islands of Japan in 2016 　・・・・・ 29

Akiko BABA-KASAI, Mitsunori AKIBA, Toshikatsu IIZUMI, Yoshihiro ITO

3. Collection of Wild Leguminous Crop Relatives

4. Survey and Collection of Miscanthus sacchariflorus in the Kinki Region　　　　　・・・・・ 61

Yasuharu SANADA, Ken-ichi TAMURA, Yukio AKIYAMA

II. Exploration and Field Research in Foreign Countries1. Collaborative Exploration of Plant Genetic Resources in Vietnam, 2016　　　　　・・・・・ 89

Yoichi KAWAZU, Masako KATO, TRAN Thi Thu Hoai, NGUYEN Van Kien

2. Collaborative Survey of Eggplant Genetic Resources in Lao PDR, 2016 ・・・・・ 115

Takeo SAITO, Saori NODA, Naoki KISHIMOTO, Tounglieng VILAYPHONE, 　　　　　　　　　 Sengdala MOUNNALATH, Thongkhoun SISAPHAITHONG

3. Collaborative Exploration and Collection of Plant Genetic Resources in Cambodia in December 2016 ・・・・・ 143

Hisato OKUIZUMI, Eri NONAKA, Layheng SEANG, Chhourn ORN, Sophany SAKHAN, Makara OUK

　　 in Ishikawa, Gifu, and Toyama Prefectures in Japan in 2016 　　・・・・・ 49

Contents

Ken NAITO, Honami OHASHI, Yuki KOBAYASHI

5. Exploration and Collection of Sugarcane Wild Species (Saccharum spontaneum L.)

　　 in the Aira Area of Kagoshima Prefecture　　　　・・・・・　　75

　　　　　　　　　　Takeo SAKAIGAICHI, Minoru TAKEMURE, Yuji OITATE,

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Michiko HAYANO, Yoshihiro OKADA , Ryoma TANIGUCHI

5. Collaborative Exploration of Capsicum Genetic Resources

Toru SUGITA, Hiroshi MATSUNAGA, Sim THEAVY, Sakhan SOPHANY

6. Exploration and Collection of Vegetable Genetic Resources within Brassicaceae in and around Kachin State of Myanmar　・・・・・ 223

Saki YOSHIDA, Hidehiko KIKUNO, Mami NAGASHIMA,

　　　　　　　　　　　　　Than Naing OO, Ohm Mar SAW, Kenji IRIE

8. A Field Study to Explore Plant Genetic Resources

7. A Field Study to Explore Plant Genetic Resources

　　　 in the Sagain Region of Myanmar in 2015　　　　　　・・・・・ 239 Min San Thein, Makoto KAWASE, Eiji DOMON, Kazuo WATANABE

10. Collaborative Exploration of Cucurbitaceae Vegetable Genetic Resources

Kazutoshi YASHIRO, Koichiro SHIMOMURA, Thanh-Thuy DUONG,

　　 Deepa Singh SHRESTHA, Santosh SHARMA, Ganesh Datt JOSHI, Durga Man Singh DONGOL, Krishna Hari GIMIRE, Bal Krishna JOSHI, Mina Nath PAUDEL

　　　 in Northern Cambodia, 2016 ・・・・・ 207

　　　 in the Sagaing Region and Shan State of Myanmar in 2016　・・・・・ 265

9. Collection and Conservation of Leguminous Crops and Their Wild Relatives

　　　 in Western Nepal, in 2016 　・・・・・ 331

III. PGR missions dispatched abroad since 1975 　　　　　・・・・・ 347

Ken NAITO, San San Aye, Min San Thein, Aung Phyoe Hein, Emiko TAKEI, Toshiki OSADA, Eiji DOMON, Kazuo WATANABE, Makoto KAWASE

　　　 in Western Nepal from October 29 to November 10, 2016 ・・・・・ 295 Yu TAKAHASHI, Kazuhiro NEMOTO, Santosh SHARMA, Durga Man Singh DONGOL, Deepa Singh SHRESTHA, Ganesh Datt JOSHI, Krishna Hari GHIMIRE,

Bal Krishna JOSHI, Mina Nath PAUDEL, Norihiko TOMOOKA

IV. Explorations organized in Japan since 1985 　　　　・・・・・ 359

4. Collection of melon and other Cucurbitaceous Crops in Cambodia in 2016 ・・・・・ 175Katsunori TANAKA, Gentaro SHIGITA, Yona SOPHEA, Vathany THUN, Sakhan SOPHANY, Kenji KATO

Ｉ．国内探索収集調査報告Exploration and Field Research in Japan

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〔AREIPGR Vol. 33: 1-27, 2017〕Original Paper

Collection and Conservation of Legume Genetic Resourcesin Oita and Miyazaki Prefectures of Japan in 2016

Yu TAKAHASHI 1), Akiko BABA-KASAI 1), Mitsunori AKIBA 2), Toshikatsu IIZUMI 2), Norihiko TOMOOKA 1)

1) Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan

2) Tsukuba Technical Support Center, NARO, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan

Communicated by K. EBANA (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received Oct. 6, 2017, Accepted Apr. 2. 2018Corresponding author: N. TOMOOKA (e-mail: [email protected])

Summary　　　　

We conducted a field survey in Oita and Miyazaki prefectures from October 3 to 7, 2016, to collect and conserve legume genetic resources, especially crop wild relatives. A total of 51 accessions were collected of five species from the genera Glycine and Vigna, including the wild relatives of soybean, azuki bean, and mung bean. We plan to multiply the seeds collected in this survey and to conserve them as genetic resources for research and crop breeding programs.

KEY WORDS: crop wild relatives, endangered species, genetic resources, legume

IntroductionCollection and conservation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture are important

activities of gene banks around the world. The importance of crop wild relatives has increased recently, mainly because they may be used in crop breeding to counter a variety of biological and environmental stress conditions (Takahashi et al. 2016). Wild plants of the leguminous genera Vigna and Glycine are widely distributed in Japan, and systematic collection of these genetic resources has been conducted through the NARO Genebank project (Tomooka et al. 2010a; Vaughan et al. 2010; Takahashi et al. 2015). Crop wild relatives sometimes include endangered species. The Ministry of the Environment of the Government of Japan described 1,782 species as ‘Endangered’ in the Red List based on the investigation of about 7,000 vascular plant species (2017 Japanese Red Lists, http://www.env.go.jp/press/103881.html, in Japanese). In the Red Lists, three species of Glycine and three species of Vigna are listed (http://www.env.go.jp/press/files/jp/105449.pdf, in Japanese). Therefore, the importance of ex-situ conservation of crop wild relatives in the gene bank as a safety backup of endangered species has increased.

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In recent years, we focused on the collection and conservation of wild Glycine and Vigna genetic resources in the northwestern part of Kyushu island, Japan, including small islands, such as Tsushima, Goto, Iki, Hirado, and Amakusa (Baba-Kasai et al. 2016; Takahashi et al. 2014; Tomooka et al. 2010b, 2013, 2015). In these surveys, the main target species has been Vigna nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi and Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich., which are currently categorized as ‘Endangered.’ Since we obtained internet-based information according to which V. vexillata plants were found growing in Oita and Miyazaki prefectures, on the eastern side of Kyushu island, we decided to visit the location. Climate in low altitude areas of Oita and Miyazaki prefectures is classified as Cfa (i.e., humid subtropical) according to Köppen classification scheme. These prefectures also have inland mountainous areas (the highest peak is 1,791 m) with humid continental climate, Dfa and Dfb (Wikimedia file).

MethodsA field survey was conducted in Oita and Miyazaki prefectures from October 3 to 7, 2016 (Table

1). (1) Bungotakada, (2) Hita-Kusu-Yufu, and (3) Oita-Bungoohno-Saiki areas were surveyed in Oita prefecture (Fig. 1), and (4) Nobeoka and (5) Hinokage-Takachiho areas were surveyed in Miyazaki prefecture. Before the survey we consulted the Bungotakada city office of Wild Life Conservation about the availability of detailed information on the habitat of the target wild legumes. Additionally, at the collection sites we interviewed land owners and sought their permission for collection. Thereafter, we collected seeds of wild leguminous plants, and recorded passport data including, latitude, longitude, and altitude using a Garmin GPSMAP 60CSx handheld GPS device (USA). After the field trip, GPS data were corrected by Google Earth Pro software (Google Inc.). Identification of the Vigna species is based on taxonomic keys (Tomooka et al. 2002; Maxted et al. 2004).

Collected samples were classified into two categories, i.e., “cultivated” and “naturally growing” plants (Table 2). Based on morphological traits, “Naturally growing” plants were further classified in two categories, i.e., “intermediate” and “wild” types. Wild-type plants show the typical characteristics of wild Vigna plants, such as relatively small and black mottled seeds, easy shattering pods, and slender twining purple stems. Contrairily, the intermediate-type plants show some characteristics of domesticated plants, such as relatively large and light-colored seeds, rarely- or non-shattering pods, and less- or non-twining stems. Such intermediate types potentially include both, (1) hybrid offspring of wild and cultivated forms, and (2) naturally growing populations established by plants that escaped cultivation.

Date Itinerary Stay3-Oct Tsukuba -- Tokyo Haneda airport - (ANA91) - Oita airport -- survey of

Bungotakada area -- BeppuBeppu, Oita

4-Oct Beppu -- survey of Hita-Kusu-Yufu area -- Beppu Beppu, Oita5-Oct Beppu -- survey of Oita-Bungoohno-Saiki, Nobeoka and Hinokage-Takachiho

areas -- TakachihoTakachiho,Miyazaki

6-Oct survey of Takachiho area -- Miyazaki Miyazaki,Miyazaki

7-Oct Miyazaki airport - (ANA608) - Haneda airport -- Tsukuba -

Table 1. Itinerary of the field survey in the Oita and Miyazaki prefectures, 2016

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Results and DiscussionA total of 51 accessions, including six of Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc., 34 of Vigna angularis (Willd.)

Ohwi & H. Ohashi, one of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek, one of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., and nine of Vigna vexillata were collected (Table 2, Fig. 1). The collection consists of one cultivated accession, seven intermediate-type accessions, and 43 wild-type accessions. We summarized the passport information of each accession (Table 3), and described the characteristics of plant samples collected of each species.

Wild-type soybean accessions (Glycine soja)Intermediate-type Glycine plants are rare in natural environment of Japan (Kaga et al. 2005;

Kuroda et al. 2005). However, SSR profiling for 616 individuals from 77 natural populations collected widely in Japan suggested that 42 individuals (6.8%) have presumed introgressed genomic segments from domesticated soybeans (Kuroda et al. 2006a). These authors mention that, “The lack of intermediate

28(●)

4~6(☆ )

26, 27(☆●)

1～3( ▼)

The Pacific Ocean

Miyazaki

8(●)

13,14(● )

15,16(●)

21(☆)

31, 32(☆●)

22(●)23~25(☆●)

Oita

11(▼) 17~20(●)

29, 30(☆●)

38~44(● ▼)

49~52(●)45~48(● )

7(▼)

33~37(☆●▼)

9,10,12(●▼)

☆ Glycine soja● Vigna angularis (wild)

Vigna angularis (intermediate)Vigna radiata (intermediate)Vigna unguiculata

▼ Vigna vexillata

(2) Hita-Kusu-Yufu areaHita

Bungotakada(1) Bungotakada area

Beppu

(3) Oita-Bungoohno-Saiki area

Nobeoka(4) Nobeoka area

(5) Hinokage-Takachiho area

Takachiho

Oita

Miyazaki

Main city

Fig. 1. Collection sites in Oita and Miyazaki prefectures, Kyushu, Japan

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morphological characteristics in presumed introgressed samples analyzed suggests that hybrid progenies between wild and cultivated soybeans revert to wild soybean characteristics under natural conditions.” Therefore, wild-type soybean plants collected in the present survey might include introgressed genomic segments from domesticated soybeans.

Seven wild-type soybean populations were found in this survey, and mature seeds could be obtained from six of them (Tables 2 and 3). Four populations were found in Oita and three in Miyazaki prefecture (Fig. 1). They were found around paddy fields and along river banks (Photographs 1-5). In most places, plants for collection were still at the grain-filling stage. Therefore, we collected immature pods together with the plant shoots and keep them in a net to obtain mature seeds. This method allowed us to obtain mature seeds with good germination ability for all collected materials, except for accession OM29 (Table 3).

Wild- and Intermediate-type azuki bean (Vigna angularis)Taxonomically, wild-type azuki bean, Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi var. nipponensis

(Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi is considered a variety. However, in natural environments in Japan, plants of V. angularis with intermediate morphology between wild and domesticated types are common, occasionally forming complex populations consisting of wild and intermediate types (Xu et al. 2000). Many of these intermediate types, sometimes, called ‘weedy,̕ are considered as hybrid derivatives between wild and domesticated types.

Twenty-eight wild-type accessions and six intermediate-type accessions of azuki bean were collected (Table 2). Wild-type azuki bean was more common than wild-type soybean in this survey. Wild- and intermediate-type azuki beans were found on artificially disturbed environments, such as road side, paddy fields, fallow fields, and river banks (Photographs 6-10). Their leaflets are ovate to lanceolate, lobed or entire (Photographs 11 and 12). Among six intermediate-type accessions, ‘OM14’ showed the largest vegetative organs and seed size, although it has shattering pods and dormant seeds (Photograph 13). We found accession ‘OM16’ with small glossy leaves and short pods (Photographs 14 and 15). Superficially, these characteristics are similar to those of Vigna nakashimae. However, the accession was identified as wild V. angularis, because it has large stipules and non-protruding seed hilum (Seed photograph, OM16).

Intermediate-type Mung bean (Vigna radiata)A natural population of mung bean ‘OM1’ was found growing in soybean crop fields in Bungotakada

city, Oita prefecture (Photograph 16). The plants showed twining stems, smaller vegetative organs, shattering pods, and dormant small brown seeds (Seed photograph). The owner of the fields recalled that

Intermediate form Wild formGlycine soja - - 6 6Vigna angularis - 6 28 34Vigna radiata - 1 - 1Vigna unguiculata 1 - - 1Vigna vexillata - - 9 9Total 1 7 43 51

Species Cultivated(crops)

Naturally growingTotal

Table 2. A summary of the collections in Oita and Miyazaki prefectures

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mung bean plants began to grow in his fields since he started applying cow manure to it.According to Kurokawa (2017), alien weeds have been increasingly becoming a serious problem

in Japan since the late 1980s, especially in lands cultivated for forage production. He summarized data on alien weed seeds contaminating imported forage crop seeds from 1993 to 1995, and found seeds of 91 weed species, including 12 of legume plants. He suggested that the application of unripe cow dung could be a major driver for the spreading alien weeds in the country. Although mung bean was not in the list prepared by Kurokawa (2017), it is possible that intermediate-type (weedy) mung bean seeds were imported as contaminants of forage seeds and spread through application of cow manure to the fields. We also found natural populations of intermediate-type mung bean in Saga (JP225160, JP226798, JP226803, Kuroda et al. 2005, 2006b), Nagasaki (JP247287, JP252171, JP252173, Tomooka et al. 2013) and Kumamoto (JP252193, JP252215, JP252220, JP252228, Tomooka et al. 2015) prefectures, Kyushu, Japan.

　　　　Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

An accession of red seeded cowpea was collected from a cultivated field along the road in Bungotakada city, Oita prefecture (Photograph 17). Although we could not find naturally growing cowpea populations, plants of this species with small seeds and shattering pods were collected in Tsushima (JP237059, JP237062, Tomooka et al. 2010b), Goto (JP247323, JP247339, JP247353, Tomooka et al. 2013) and Sasebo (JP254625, JP254635, Baba-Kasai et al. 2016) in Nagasaki prefecture, and in Amakusa (JP252189, JP252226, Tomooka et al. 2015) in Kumamoto prefectures.

Wild-type Tuber cowpea (Vigna vexillata)Vigna vexillata is an annual or perennial legume distributed in the tropics and temperate regions. It

is characterized by its acuminate stipule produced at the base, purple flowers, curved keel, and hairy long pods (Verdcourt 1970; Maxted et al. 2004). The species exhibits significant morphological diversity, and seven botanical varieties have been described (Maxted et al. 2004). Recently, the existence of a cultivated variety domesticated for its edible roots was reported in Indonesia, for which the name “tuber cowpea” was proposed (Karuniawan et al. 2006).

In Japan, two morphologically distinguishable types of V. vexillata have been described. First, Matsumura (1902) described V. vexillata Benth. var. tsusimensis Matsum., known as “Akasasage.” However, he did not select type-specimens, nor did he clarify the distinguishing morphological characters between this variety and V. vexillata var. vexillata. In addition, V. vexillata (L.) A. Rich., should be the correct name. Probably for these reasons, the taxon name V. vexillata var. tsusimensis has not been listed in major Vigna monographs (Maréchal et al. 1978; Maxted et al. 2004).

Nakajima (1968) noticed that V. vexillata plants growing in Okinawa island showed different morphology from V. vexillata var. tsusimensis, and named it “Sakuya-akasasage.” He noted that “Sakuya-akasasage” showed a similar morphology to V. vexillata var. vexillata, having smaller ovate leaflets, shorter terminal leaflet petiole, larger flowers, 1 or 2 flowers in a peduncle, shorter (6 - 8 cm), and slender (3 - 4 mm width) pods, each containing 20 seeds; lastly, plant parts are more densely covered with hairs. Isozyme polymorphisms were detected between these morphological types (Yasuda et al. 1996).

“Akasasage” as V. vexillata var. tsusimensis and “Sakuya-Akasasage” as V. vexillata var. vexillata, are listed in the 2017 Japanese Red Lists (in Japanese, http://www.env.go.jp/press/files/jp/105449.pdf). “Akasasage” was categorized as ‘Endangered’ in Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Oita, Miyazaki, and Kagoshima

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prefectures (http://jpnrdb.com/search.php?mode=map&q=06030572479), while “Sakuya-Akasasage” was reported as ‘Critically Endangered’ in Okinawa prefecture and as ‘Vulnerable’ in Kagoshima prefecture (http://jpnrdb.com/search.php?mode=map&q=06030572478).

In the survey reported here, we could collect nine accessions of V. vexillata in Bungotakada and Hita cities, Oita prefecture and in Takachiho city, Miyazaki prefecture. They were considered as V. vexillata var. tsusimensis, because they showed very similar morphology to the accessions collected from Tsushima island, Nagasaki prefecture (Tomooka et al. 2010b). V. vexillata plants inhabit artificially disturbed wet environments, such as fallow paddy fields, wet stream side and shady road sides (Photographs 18-21) in hilly area (altitude ranging from 112 to 397 m.a.s.l). In Takachiho city, Miyazaki prefecture, accession ‘OM35’ was found growing together with wild soybean and wild azuki bean on a ridge slope of a terraced paddy field (Photograph 22). Tuber of ‘OM35’ was slightly swollen (Photograph 23).

In Hita city, Oita prefecture, V. vexillata var. tsusimensis ‘OM09’ plants were grown in front of the Japan Water Agency -Kyusyu Regional Office- Oyama Dam Operation and Maintenance Office (Photograph 24). They found V. vexillata var. tsusimensis populations during ecological surveys before the Oyama Dam construction and transplanted them around the dam banks and in front of Regional Office for the conservation of ‘Endangered’ plants (Murata and Goshima 2010). When we visited the Oyama Dam Regional Office, we met Mr. Goshima, who is one of the authors of the report. Mr. Goshima kindly guided us to the other population sites, where we collected accessions ‘OM10’ and ‘OM11’.

　　　　Future perspectives

We have conducted field surveys in the Kyushu District over the past four years, and collected legume genetic resources including 89 accessions in 2012, 64 accessions in 2013, 91 accessions in 2014, and 71 accessions in 2015 (Tomooka et al. 2013; Takahashi et al. 2014; Tomooka et al. 2015; Baba-Kasai et al. 2016). These included V. vexillata var. tsusimensis in Nagasaki prefecture and V. nakashimae in Nagasaki and Kumamoto prefectures, which are classified as ‘Endangered’ in the Red List (in Japan, http://www.env.go.jp/press/files/jp/105449.pdf). These valuable genetic resources have been conserved at the NARO Genebank, and multiplied seeds are now available upon request (https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/index_en.php). We plan to multiply the seeds collected in this survey and to conserve them to distribute for education, research and crop breeding programs.

ReferencesBaba-Kasai A, Akiba M, Hirashima S, Ohmizu T, Tomooka N (2016) Field survey and collection of

Glycine and Vigna genetic resources in Nagasaki prefecture, Japan, 2015. AREIPGR 32: 1-27. [https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications_en.php]Kaga A, Tomooka N, Phuntsho U, Kuroda Y, Kobayshi N, Isemura T, Miranda-Jonson G, Vaughan

DA (2005) Exploration and collection for hybrid derivatives between wild and cultivated soybean: Preliminary survey in Akita and Hiroshima Prefectures, Japan. AREIPGR 21: 59-71 (in Japanese with English summary).

[https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications_en.php]Karuniawan A, Iswandi A, Kale PR, Heinzemann J, Gruneberg WJ (2006) Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.

cultivated as a root crop in Bali and Timor. Genet Resour Crop Evol 53: 213-217.Kuroda Y, Kaga A, Apa A, Vaughan DA, Tomooka N, Yano H, Matsuoka N (2005) Exploration, collection

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and monitoring of wild soybean and hybrid derivatives between wild soybean and cultivated soybean: based on field surveys at Akita, Ibaraki, Aichi, Hiroshima and Saga prefectures. AREIPGR 21: 73-95 (in Japanese with English summary).

[https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications_en.php]Kuroda Y, Kaga A, Tomooka N, Vaughan DA (2006a) Population genetic structure of Japanese wild

soybean (Glycine soja) based on microsatellite variation. Mol Ecol 15: 959-974.Kuroda Y, Kaga A, Guaf J, Vaughan DA, Tomooka N (2006b) Exploration, collection and monitoring of

wild soybean, cultivated soybean and hybrid derivatives between wild soybean and cultivated soybean: based on field surveys at Akita, Ibaraki, Kochi and Saga prefectures. AREIPGR 22: 1-12 (in Japanese with English summary).

[https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications_en.php]Kurokawa S (2017) Alien weeds in agricultural land: problems and solutions. J Weed Sci Tech 62: 36-47 (in

Japanese).Maréchal R, Mascherpa JM, Stainer F (1978) Etude taxonomique d’un groupe complexed’espèces des

genres Phaseolus et Vigna (Papilionaceae) sur la base de données morphologiques et polliniques, traitées par l’analyse informatique. Boissiera 28: 1-273.

Matsumura J (1902). A conspectus of the Leguminosae found growing wild, or cultivated in Japan, Loochoo Formosa, Botanical Magazine 16: 93.

[https://archive.org/details/botanicalmagazin16toky]Maxted N, Mabuza-Dlamini P, Moss H, Padulosi S, Jarvis A, Guarino L (2004) African Vigna: an

ecogeographic study. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, p. 454.Murata H, Goshima T (2010) Conservation of “Akasasage” (Vigna vexillata var. tsusimensis) for Oyama

dam construction. 大山ダムにおけるアカササゲの保全対策 . ダム技術 281: 4-51 (in Japanese). [http://www.mlit.go.jp/chosahokoku/h22giken/program/kadai/pdf/ippan/ippan3-08.pdf]

Nakajima K (1968) Vigna vexillata A. Rich., a new addition to the flora of the Ryukyus. サクヤアカササゲについて . J Jpn Bot 43: 247-248 (in Japanese).

[http://www.jjbotany.com/pdf/JJB_043_247_248_d.pdf]Takahashi Y, Akiba M, Iizumi T, Tomooka N (2014) Collection and conservation of wild leguminous crop

relatives on Iki Island and Hirado Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, 2013. AREIPGR 30: 1-27. [https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications_en.php]Takahashi Y, Lay-Heng S, Channa T, Makara O, Tomooka N (2015) Exploration of leguminous crops and

their wild relatives in western regions of Cambodia, 2014. AREIPGR 31: 121-149. [https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications_en.php]Takahashi Y, Somta P, Muto C, Iseki K, Naito K, Pandiyan M, Natesan S, Tomooka N (2016) Novel genetic

resources in the genus Vigna unveiled from gene bank accessions. PLoS One 11: e0147568.Tomooka N, Vaughan DA, Moss H, Maxted N (2002) The Asian Vigna: Genus Vigna subgenus

Ceratotropis genetic resources. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 270.Tomooka N, Kaga A, Isemura T, Vaughan DA, Srinives P, Somta P, Thadavong S, Bounphanousay C,

Kanyavong K, Inthapanya P, Pandiyan M, Senthil N, Ramamoorthi N, Jaiwal PK, Jing T, Umezawa K, Yokoyama T (2010a) Vigna Genetic Resources. In: Proceedings of the 14th NIAS International Workshop on Genetic Resources “Genetics and Comparative Genomics of legumes (Glycine and Vigna)”, pp. 11-21.

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[https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications_en.php]Tomooka N, Inoue J, Akiba M (2010b) Collection and conservation of wild leguminous crop relatives on

Tsushima Island, Nagasaki, Japan, 2009. AREIPGR 26: 27-34. [https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications_en.php]Tomooka N, Fukui K, Chankaew S, Iizumi T, Hirashima S (2013) Collection of wild leguminous crop

relatives on Goto islands, Nagasaki, Japan, 2012. AREIPGR 29: 19-43. [https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications_en.php]Tomooka N, Iseki K, Naito K, Akiba M, Iizumi T (2015) Collection of Glycine and Vigna plant genetic

resources in Hirado and Shimabara areas of Nagasaki Prefecture and Amakusa area of Kumamoto Prefecture in Japan, from 20th to 24th October, 2014. AREIPGR 31: 1-33.

[https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications_en.php]Vaughan DA, Tomooka N, Kaga A, Isemura T, Kuroda Y (2010) Glycine genetic resources. In: Proceedings

of the 14th NIAS International Workshop on Genetic Resources “Genetics and Comparative Genomics of Legumes (Glycine and Vigna)”, pp. 1-9.

[https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications_en.php]Verdcourt B (1970) Studies in the Leguminosae-Papilionoideae for the flora of tropical east Africa IV. Kew

Bulletin 24: 507-569.Wikimedia file: Japan map of Köppen climate classification.svg [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg]Xu RQ, Tomooka N, Vaughan DA, Doi K (2000) The Vigna angularis complex: Genetic variation

and relationships revealed by RAPD analysis, and their implications for in situ conservation and domestication. Genet Resour Crop Evol 47: 123-134.

Yasuda K, Yamaguchi H (1996) Phylogenetic analysis of the subgenus Ceratotropis (genus Vigna) and an assumption of the progenitor of azuki bean using isozyme variation. Breed Sci 46: 337-342.

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大分県および宮崎県におけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の収集と保全，2016年

高橋有 1)・馬場（笠井）晶子 1)・秋葉光孝 2)・飯泉敏勝 2)・友岡憲彦 1)

1) 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構　遺伝資源センター2) 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構　つくば技術支援センター

和文摘要

　本報告は，2016 年 10 月 3 日～ 7 日に行った大分県および宮崎県でのマメ科植物遺伝資源の調査報告である．結果として，野生型ダイズ 6 点，野生型アズキ 28 点，中間型アズキ 6 点，中間型リョクトウ 1 点，栽培ササゲ１点，野生型アカササゲ 9 点，合計 51 点のマメ科植物遺伝資源を収集した．この中で，アカササゲは，環境省が指定する絶滅危惧種のリストに記載された希少種である．収集したすべてのマメ科植物遺伝資源は，つくば市にある農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構遺伝資源センター圃場で栽培し，特性評価と種子増殖を行う計画である．増殖種子は，農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構のジーンバンクで保存するとともに，研究や育種あるいは教育目的に利用するために配布可能な遺伝資源とする．

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Collection No.

Accession No.

Collection Date (yyyy/mm/d)

Scientific name Status Collection Site Latitude Longitude Altitude (m)

Soil Collection method

100 seed weight (g)

Remarks

OM1 JP257436 10/3/2016 Vigna radiata intermediate Tashibumaki, Bungotakada, Oita 大分県豊後高田市田染真木，桂川左岸

N33-30-29.7 E131-31-06.5 88 clay bulk 1.6 Naturally growing in a soybean field ダイズ畑の雑草として生育

OM2 JP257437 10/3/2016 Vigna vexillata var. tsusimensis

wild Tashibumaki, Bungotakada, Oita 大分県豊後高田市田染真木，荒城屋敷跡地

N33-29-58.7 E131-31-02.9 118 - bulk 2.1 paddy field, along roadside 荒城家屋敷跡、道路下の水田脇、休耕田に自生

OM3 JP257438 10/3/2016 Vigna unguiculata

cultivated Tashibumanaka, Bungotakada, Oita 大分県豊後高田市田染真中

N33-30-30.6 E131-31-00.5 94 organic soil

bulk 17.1 fields beside a road 県道 655 号沿いの細長い畑に栽培（赤大粒）

OM4 JP257439 10/3/2016 Vigna angularis intermediate Sano, Bungotakada, Oita 大分県豊後高田市佐野

N33-32-04.5 E131-28-27.1 37 clay bulk 2.9 ridge separating paddy fields 道路と水田の間の溝に自生

OM5 JP257440 10/3/2016 Glycine soja wild Sano, Bungotakada, Oita 大分県豊後高田市佐野

N33-32-04.0 E131-28-37.4 35 clay bulk 1.7 bank of an agricultural waterway, immature stage　農業用水路の脇に自生、未熟

OM6 JP257441 10/3/2016 Vigna angularis intermediate Sano, Bungotakada, Oita 大分県豊後高田市佐野

N33-32-04.0 E131-28-37.4 35 clay bulk 3.5 bank of an agricultural waterway 農業用水路の脇に自生


wild Tashibuhirano, Bungotakada, Oita 大分県豊後高田市田染平野，ひらの橋横

N33-29-41.6 E131-30-56.0 120 clay bulk 3.3 bank of a stream 県道 655 号から横に入ったひらの橋下の小川土手

OM8 JP257443 10/4/2016 Vigna angularis wild Hita, Oita 大分県日田市，大分高速，日田料金所

N33-20-10.8 E130-55-59.5 105 - bulk 2.0 near highway toll gate 高速料金所（日田）出たところ


wild Oyamamachi Nishioyama, Hita, Oita 大分県日田市大山町西大山，大山ダム

N33-14-40.22 E130-57-19.89 246 organic soil

bulk 3.4 grown for conservation of "Endangered species" in a planter in front of Oyama Dam Office 大山ダム事務所の前のプランターで絶滅危惧種保存のために栽培


wild Oyamamachi Nishioyama, Hita, Oita 大分県日田市大山町西大山，大山ダム

N33-15-21.5 E130-57-26.2 160 - individual 4.3 River side ridge 平成 20 年の豪雨の後に作られた吾々路川の堤防上に自生（1 個体のみ）


wild Hidakamachi, Hita, Oita 大分県日田市日高

N33-17-37.8 E130-57-07.0 112 - individual 4.2 roadside 県道 212 号線、大山川沿いの道脇（１莢のみ）

OM12 JP257447 10/4/2016 Vigna angularis wild Oyamamachi Nishioyama, Hita, Oita 大分県日田市大山町西大山

N33-15-11.7 E130-57-31.52 149 volcanictuff

bulk 2.1 roadside, in red soil and gravel 大山ダムのすぐ下流、川沿いの集落の空き地

OM13 JP257448 10/4/2016 Vigna angularis wild Tobata, Kusugun Kusumachi, Oita 大分県玖珠郡玖珠町戸畑

N33-16-02.3 E131-04-28.8 270 sand bulk 2.0 forest along a path 国道 210 号沿い、玖珠川沿いの小道に自生

OM14 JP257449 10/4/2016 Vigna angularis intermediate Tobata, Kusugun Kusumachi, Oita 大分県玖珠郡玖珠町戸畑

N33-16-02.6 E131-04-27.1 270 sand bulk 4.1 beside a road, a large number of seedlings observed 国道 210 号線脇の荒れ地に多数自生

OM15 JP257450 10/4/2016 Vigna angularis wild Nogami, Kusugun Kokonoemachi, Oita 大分県玖珠郡九重町野上

N33-14-09.2 E131-13-13.8 469 organic soil

bulk 2.9 roadside of R210 国道 210 号道路脇に自生

OM16 JP257451 10/4/2016 Vigna angularis wild Nogami, Kusugun Kokonoemachi, Oita 大分県玖珠郡九重町野上

N33-14-12.87 E131-13-03.77 499 clay bulk 2.5 roadside of small village beside R210 国道 210 号から細い脇道を上った集落の小道脇

OM17 JP257452 10/4/2016 Vigna angularis wild Kawanishi, Yufuincho, Yufu, Oita 大分県由布市湯布院町川西

N33-14-43.1 E131-19-47.3 457 volcanictuff

bulk 2.0 beside paddy field below R210 国道 210 号下の水田脇に自生

OM18 JP257453 10/4/2016 Vigna angularis wild Kawanishi, Yufuincho, Yufu, Oita 大分県由布市湯布院町川西

N33-14-44.4 E131-19-44.1 464 - bulk 2.0 in wet place of road side open space beside R210 国道 210 号脇の空き地（湿った場所にのみ自生）

OM19 JP257454 10/4/2016 Vigna angularis wild Kawaminami, Yufuincho, Yufu, Oita 大分県由布市湯布院町川南

N33-14-58.4 E131-20-40.4 465 clay bulk 1.8 along a trail near a railway 県道 11 号横の線路と川の間の荒れ地

OM20 JP257455 10/4/2016 Vigna angularis wild Nakagawa, Yufuincho, Yufu, Oita 大分県由布市湯布院町中川

N33-15-00.5 E131-20-37.6 458 clay bulk 2.2 along a trail between R11 and railway 県道 11 号と線路との間の道路脇

OM21 JP257456 10/5/2016 Glycine soja wild Shimohetsugi, Oita, Oita 大分県大分市下戸次

N33-10-13.1 E131-39-54.4 20 sand bulk 1.7 a dry riverbed, had lanceolete leaflets, immature stage 国道 10 号沿い水田横の大野川河川敷、未熟

Table 3. A passport data of the collections in Oita and Miyazaki prefectures

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Collection No.

Accession No.

Collection Date (yyyy/mm/d)



100 seed weight (g)

Remarks

OM22 JP257457 10/5/2016 Vigna angularis wild Asase, Miemachi, Bungoohno, Oita 大分県豊後大野市三重町浅瀬

N33-01-33.8 E131-36-27.3 55 clay bulk 2.5 on a 60° slope and on a ridge separating paddy fields 国道 326 号から県道 636 に入ってしばらく行った水田脇の急斜面

OM23 JP257458 10/5/2016 Vigna angularis wild Uchiyama, Miemachi, Bungoohno, Oita 大分県豊後大野市三重町内山

N32-57-28.2 E131-35-06.1 156 clay bulk 2.1 a grassy area near a parking lot of "Renjoji temple" 蓮城寺駐車場脇の草地

OM24 JP257459 10/5/2016 Glycine soja wild Uchiyama, Miemachi, Bungoohno, Oita 大分県豊後大野市三重町内山

N32-57-28.2 E131-35-06.1 156 clay bulk 1.4 a grassy area near a parking lot of "Renjoji temple" 蓮城寺駐車場脇の草地

OM25 JP257460 10/5/2016 Vigna angularis wild Uchiyama, Miemachi, Bungoohno, Oita 大分県豊後大野市三重町内山

N32-57-30.4 E131-35-06.8 154 - bulk 2.2 on a river embankment beside "Renjoji temple" 蓮城寺横の三重川の土手

OM26 JP257461 10/5/2016 Glycine soja wild Onoichi, Ume, Saiki, Oita 大分県佐伯市宇目小野市

N32-51-33.1 E131-37-42.1 186 - bulk 1.2 a grassy area along a river 国道 326 号沿いの川に沿った荒れ地

OM27 JP257462 10/5/2016 Vigna angularis wild Onoichi, Ume, Saiki, Oita 大分県佐伯市宇目小野市

N32-51-33.1 E131-37-42.1 186 - bulk 2.4 a grassy area along a river 国道 326 号沿いの川に沿った荒れ地

OM28 JP257463 10/5/2016 Vigna angularis wild Nagai, Kitagawamachi, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 宮崎県延岡市北川町長井

N32-39-41.6 E131-41-48.2 6 clay bulk 2.0 embankment of an agricultural waterway 国道 10 号脇の水田地帯に沿った水路沿い

OM29 No seeds 10/5/2016 Glycine soja wild Nagai, Kitagawamachi, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 宮崎県延岡市北川町長井

N32-39-41.6 E131-41-48.2 6 clay - - embankment of an agricultural waterway 国道 10 号脇の水田地帯に沿った水路沿い

OM30 JP257464 10/5/2016 Vigna angularis wild Nanaori, Nishiusukigun Hinokagecho, Miyazaki 宮崎県西臼杵郡日之影町七折

N32-39-48.85 E131-23-04.71 268 clay bulk 1.4 between a stream and a paddy field 国道 218 号日之影集落の水田脇

OM31 JP257465 10/5/2016 Vigna angularis wild Nanaori, Nishiusukigun Hinokagecho, Miyazaki 宮崎県西臼杵郡日之影町七折

N32-41-41.1 E131-19-23.3 333 clay bulk 2.1 in a fallow field 国道 218 号沿いの湿った休耕地

OM32 JP257466 10/5/2016 Glycine soja wild Nanaori, Nishiusukigun Hinokagecho, Miyazaki 宮崎県西臼杵郡日之影町七折

N32-41-41.1 E131-19-23.3 333 clay bulk 1.3 in a fallow field 国道 218 号沿いの湿った休耕地

OM33 JP257467 10/5/2016 Vigna angularis wild Mitai, Nishiusukigun Takachihocho, Miyazaki 宮崎県西臼杵郡高千穂町三田井

N32-43-13.2 E131-19-02.9 359 - bulk 2.3 beside an stream "Jindai river" 神代川沿いの小道


wild Mitai, Nishiusukigun Takachihocho, Miyazaki 宮崎県西臼杵郡高千穂町三田井

N32-43-13.2 E131-19-02.9 359 - bulk 3.1 beside an stream "Jindai river" 神代川沿いの小道



N32-43-16.5 E131-19-03.6 366 clay bulk 2.8 on a slope between terraced paddy fields 神代川沿いの水田法面に多数自生


N32-43-16.5 E131-19-03.6 366 clay bulk 2.3 on a slope between terraced paddy fields 神代川沿いの水田法面に自生

OM37 JP257471 10/5/2016 Glycine soja wild Mitai, Nishiusukigun Takachihocho, Miyazaki 宮崎県西臼杵郡高千穂町三田井

N32-43-16.5 E131-19-03.6 366 clay bulk 1.3 on a slope between terraced paddy fields 神代川沿いの水田法面に自生


N32-43-36.2 E131-18-51.1 406 clay bulk 2.5 beside stream in a village above "Jindai river" 神代川横上阿床集落最上部の小川沿い



N32-43-34.2 E131-18-50.3 397 clay bulk 3.1 beside stream in a village above "Jindai river" 神代川横上阿床集落最上部の小川沿い


N32-43-33.4 E131-18-48.3 397 clay bulk 2.6 on a slope between terraced paddy fields 神代川横上阿床集落の水田脇斜面（白い家）



N32-43-31.3 E131-18-47.9 390 clay bulk 3.5 on a slope between terraced paddy fields 神代川横上阿床集落の水田脇斜面

OM42 JP257476 10/5/2016 Vigna angularis intermediate Mitai, Nishiusukigun Takachihocho, Miyazaki 宮崎県西臼杵郡高千穂町三田井

N32-43-27.18 E131-18-48.26 382 clay bulk 2.7 beside paddy fields 神代川横上阿床集落の水田脇


N32-43-24.01 E131-18-49.91 375 clay bulk 2.6 early maturing, a large number of plants 神代川横上阿床集落の水田脇、早生、大量

Table 3. (Continued).

- 12 -

Table 3. (Continued). Collection

No. Accession

No.Collection Date (yyyy/mm/d)



100 seed weight (g)

Remarks


N32-43-16.12 E131-18-52.77 366 clay bulk 2.1 beside paddy fields 神代川横上阿床集落の水田脇

OM45 JP257479 10/5/2016 Vigna angularis intermediate Iwato, Nishiusukigun Takachihocho, Miyazaki 宮崎県西臼杵郡高千穂町岩戸

N32-44-43.1 E131-20-50.5 380 clay bulk 2.1 on a slope between terraced paddy fields 県道 204 号沿い

OM46 JP257480 10/5/2016 Vigna angularis wild Iwato, Nishiusukigun Takachihocho, Miyazaki 宮崎県西臼杵郡高千穂町岩戸

N32-44-44.8 E131-20-50.4 371 clay bulk 2.1 embankment near a cowshed beside river, R204 県道 204 号沿いの川横牛舎脇

OM47 JP257481 10/6/2016 Vigna angularis intermediate Iwato, Nishiusukigun Takachihocho, Miyazaki 宮崎県西臼杵郡高千穂町岩戸

N32-45-04.2 E131-20-31.8 443 clay bulk 2.7 near a grave, R204 県道 204 号沿いの墓の脇


N32-45-19.6 E131-20-13.9 530 clay bulk 2.1 in front of a house 上村最上部の家の脇


N32-43-44.1 E131-20-28.3 382 clay bulk 2.6 on a slope between terraced paddy fields 天岩戸温泉奥の集落の棚田の脇


N32-43-43.8 E131-20-30.0 386 clay bulk 2.9 ridge separating paddy fields 天岩戸温泉奥の集落の棚田の脇


N32-43-40.9 E131-20-24.0 415 clay bulk 2.5 in a fallow field 天岩戸温泉奥の集落の寺の奥の畑横


N32-44-10.1 E131-21-04.8 333 - bulk 2.0 near Amanoiwato Shrine 天野岩人神社から天安河原へ向かう小道沿い

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01_OM05_Habitat 02_OM05_Plants

03_OM21_Leaf 04_OM29_Flower

05_OM05_Pod 06_OM06_Habitat

Photograph 1. Habitat of G. soja , OM05 in Bungotakada, Oita.

Photograph 2 . Immature G. soja , OM05 in Bungotakada, Oita.

Photograph 3. Leaf of G. soja, OM21 in Oita, Oita. Photograph 4. Flower of G. soja, OM29 in Nobeoka, Miyazaki.

Photograph 5. Pods of G. soja, OM05 in Bungotakada, Oita.

Photograph 6. Habitat of intermediate form of V. angularis, OM06 in Bungotakada, Oita.

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07_OM08_Plants 08_OM20_Habitat

09_OM20_Pod 10_OM25_Habitat

11_OM38_Leaf 12_OM22_Leaf

Photograph 7. Wild form of V. angularis, OM08 in Hita, Oita.

Photograph 8. Habitat of wild form of V. angularis, OM20 in Yufu, Oita.

Photograph 9. Pods of wild form of V. angularis, OM20 in Yufu, Oita.

Photograph 10. Habitat of wild form of V. angularis, OM25 in Bungoono, Oita.

Photograph 11. Leaf of wild form of V. angularis, OM38 in Takachiho, Nishiusuki, Miyazaki.

Photograph 12. Leaf of wild form of V. angularis, OM22 in Bungoono, Oita.

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13_OM14_Leaf 14_OM16_Leaf

15_OM16_Pod 16_OM01_Plants

17_OM03 18_OM02_habitat

Photograph 13. Leaf of intermediate form of V. angularis, OM14 in Kusu, Oita.

Photograph 14. Leaf of wild form of V. angularis, OM16 in Kokonoe, Kusu, Oita.

Photograph 15. Pods of wild form of V. angularis, OM16 in Kokonoe, Kusu, Oita.

Photograph 16. Intermediate form of V. radiata , OM01 in Bungotakada, Oita.

Photograph 17. Cultivated V. unguiculata, OM17 in Bungotakada, Oita.

Photograph 18. Habitat of V. vexil lata var. tsusimensis, OM02 in Bungotakada, Oita.

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19_OM02_Plants 20_OM07_habitat

21_OM35_habitat 22_OM35

23_OM35_Root 24_OM09_cultivated

Photograph 20. Habitat of V. vexil lata var. tsusimensis, OM07 in Bungotakada, Oita.

Photograph 19. V. vexillata var. tsusimensis, OM02 in Bungotakada, Oita.

Photograph 22. Sympatric habitat of V. vexillata var. tsusimensis, OM35 and wild form of V. angularis, OM36 in Takachiho, Nishiusuki, Miyazaki.

Photograph 21. Habitat of V. vexil lata var. tsusimensis , OM35 in Takachiho, Nishiusuki, Miyazaki.

Photograph 24. Plants of V. vexillata var. tsusimensis , OM09, grown for conservation of "Endangered species" in a planter in front of Oyama Dam Office, Oyamamachi Nishioyama, Hita, Oita.

Photograph 23. Tuberous root of V. vexillata var. tsusimensis , OM35, Takachiho, Nishiusuki, Miyazaki.

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OM1 OM2 OM3

OM4 OM5 OM6

OM7 OM8 OM9

OM10 OM11 OM12

OM13 OM14 OM15OM15, JP257450, Vigna angularis (wild)

OM14, JP257449, Vigna angularis (intermediate)

OM13, JP257448, Vigna angularis (wild)


OM11, JP257446, Vigna vexillata var. tsusimensis (wild)





OM3, JP257438, Vigna unguiculata (cultivated)


OM1, JP257436, Vigna radiata (intermediate)


OM5, JP257440, Glycine soja (wild)


Seed photographs of collected accessions. A division on a ruler indicates one millimeter.

- 23 -

OM16 OM17 OM18

OM19 OM20 OM21

OM22 OM23 OM24

OM25 OM26 OM27

















- 25 -

OM32 OM33 OM34

OM35 OM36 OM37

OM38 OM39 OM40

OM41 OM42 OM43








OM39, JP257473, Vigna vezillata var. tsusimensis (wild)









- 27 -

OM47 OM48 OM49








- 29 -


Field Survey and Collection of Leguminous Genetic Resources in

Tanegashima and Yakushima islands of Japan in 2016

Akiko BABA-KASAI 1), Mitsunori AKIBA 2), Toshikatsu IIZUMI 2), Yoshihiro ITO 2)

1) Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan

2) Tsukuba Technical Support Center, NARO, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan

Communicated by K. FUKUI (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received Sep. 14, 2017, Accepted Nov. 14, 2017Corresponding author: A. BABA-KASAI (e-mail: [email protected])

Summary

In order to map the distribution of leguminous genetic resources in southern part of Japan, we conducted a field survey to collect them from two islands, namely, Tanegashima and Yakushima, in Kagoshima prefecture of Japan, October 24 to 28 in 2016. A total of 14 accessions were recorded, including 7 wild soybean (Glycine soja, Japanese name, Tsuru-mame) accessions, 5 Vigna marina (Japanese name, Hama-sasage) accessions, 2 Canavalia lineata (Japanese name, Hama-natamame) accessions. Since all of V. marina and C. lineata accessions grew near the sea, they are expected to show high salinity tolerance. In addition to collecting seed samples from each of the accessions, root nodules were collected from one accession of V. marina at Harutahama beach on Yakushima island to isolate salt-tolerant rhizobia. All collected seeds are conserved at the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Genebank of Japan. We plan to multiply the seeds of the collected accessions and to evaluate their growth traits at our experimental field in Tsukuba City in 2017. Additionally, we plan to isolate rhizobium from the collected nodules and to evaluate them. Multiplied seeds and isolated rhizobium will become available upon request for research, breeding, and educational purposes.

KEY WORDS: leguminous genetic resources, Tanegashima, Yakushima, Japan

IntroductionThe genera Glycine and Vigna belong to the legume family (Leguminosae) and include a variety of

crops, including soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr., Japanese name, daizu), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., sasage), mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek, ryokutou) and adzuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.)

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Ohwi & H. Ohashi, azuki). The National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Genebank has been conducting field surveys for the collection and conservation of Glycine and Vigna germplasm distributed in Japan (see Annual Report on Exploration and Introduction of Plant Genetic Resources, https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications.php#plant_report). According to the last field survey, the southern limit for collecting wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) in Japan lies at 30022'0.16''N/130053'22.92''E in Nishino, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (Oki and Kono, 2012), while the southern limit for collecting wild adzuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi) is at 31046'12"N/130040'37"E in Kajikicho, Kira-gun, Kagoshima (Vaughan et al., 1999). Thus, we conducted a field survey on Tanegashima and Yakushima islands to determine whether these wild beans may be found further south in Japan.

Additionally, on occasion of this survey we pursued two other aims. One consisted in researching the geographical distribution of other leguminous wild plants, namely, Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. (Japanese name, Aka-sasage), Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr. and Canavalia lineata (Thunb.) DC. We have already investigated the habitat of V. marina and C. lineata in the Ryukyu islands and collected their seeds (Tomooka et al., 2000, 2013). As concerns these two species, we aimed to continue the study of the habitat in northern Japan. Correspondingly, we have investigated the habitat of V. vexillata in Nagasaki, Oita, Miyazaki prefectures (Tomooka et al., 2010; Takahashi et al., 2017). According to Kagoshima prefecture version of the Red Data Book of endangered species, V. vexillata also inhabits Kagoshima prefecture. Therefore, in relation to V. vexillata, we aimed to extend our knowledge of the habitat in southern Japan in the present field survey.

A second additional aim was to collect root nodules from coastal leguminous plants, such as V. marina, to isolate salt-tolerant rhizobia. We have been studying about rhizobia isolated from root nodules of V. marina at the Sakishima islands in Okinawa prefecture (Tomooka et al., 2005). Results seem to indicate that isolated rhizobia could survive under high-salinity stress and establish a functional nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with various leguminous crops, such as cowpea, mung bean, and soybean. Therefore, there is a possibility that these salt-tolerant rhizobium isolates may be used for legume crop production in saline soils. That is the reason we wished to take the opportunity of the present field survey to collect more rhizobia from V. marina.

Methods A field survey of Tanegashima and Yakushima islands in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan, was

conducted from October 24 to 28, 2016. We started the survey from Tanegashima island and went to Yakushima island by high-speed boat (Table 1). When we saw naturally growing leguminous wild plants or when we came across a habitat where conditions suggested the possibility of finding these legumes growing, we stopped and searched the area for natural populations.

Bulk seed samples were generally collected from each population, and when a populations contained plants with different traits, the seeds of each morphotype were collected separately. Nodule samples were collected from coastal leguminous plants depend on soil conditions when it was easy enough to dig around the plants.

Passport data recorded included location of the collection sites, i.e., latitudes, longitudes, and altitudes; we sketched maps of the habitat, and noted any special characteristics of each sampled plants (Table 3). We use this information stored in the database of our gene bank when the sampled plants are

- 31 -

registered as accessions. Latitudes and longitudes were measured using the WGS84 world geodetic system and a Garmin GPSMAP 60sc handheld GPS device.

Results and Discussion A total of 14 accessions, including 7 of G. soja, 5 of V. marina, 2 of C. lineata, were recorded, and

seed samples were obtained for each (Tables 2 and 3). Collected seed samples were deposited at the NARO Genebank (Tsukuba, Japan) and will be propagated and evaluated in 2017 for primary characteristics, such as morphologic characteristics, flowering time and so on. Newly generated seed samples will be available for research, breeding, and educational purposes. The samples can be identified through the NARO Genebank website (http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/databases-plant_search_en.php) and requested at the following website: http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/distribution_en.php?section=plant.

Glycine soja (Japanese Tsuru-mame)We found only 7 accessions of Glycine soja at 10 sites on Tanegashima island (Table 3: TY-1–TY-

7, Fig. 1: TY1–TY7 and r4, r6, r7. In Fig. 1, the ‘TY’ number indicates the location where we collected the corresponding seed sample, while the ‘r’ number indicates a location where we surveyed, but could not collect a seed sample as a reference); thus, wild soybean was not a common finding in the present field survey. In an earlier survey conducted by Oki and Kono in 2011 (Oki and Kono, 2012), 15 accessions of G. soja were successfully collected from riverside areas on Tanegashima island. We did not especially survey at riverside areas this time, since we wished to find novel accessions of wild soybean at different places from those searched during the preceding survey. That may be one of the reason we could find fewer accessions than that collected in the previous survey. Another potential cause could be the difference in planting date for rice on Tanegashima island. At the time of our visit to the banks of rice fields, which were considered a suitable habitat for wild soybeans and wild adzuki beans, all we encountered were harvested field with only a few weeds growing there. According to farmers in the area, rice was harvested by the end of July, because the old, late cultivar traditionally grown in Tanegashima was recently replaced by an earlier flowering variety. They said that rice fields would be kept clean until the beginning of winter, when a new crop would be seeded. Thus, the change in agricultural environment was likely the reason why we could not find any wild soybean in the inland area of rice fields at Furutacho, except for Amphicarpaea bracteata (Japanese name, Yabu-mame) (Fig.1, r7, Photograph 18), but even this species was very hard to

Date Itinerary Stay

2016/10/24 Tsukuba -- (Tsukuba Express train / JR) -- Haneda Airport 13:25 -- (JAL649) -- Kagoshima Airport 16:00-- (JAC3775) -- Tanegashima Airport 16:40 --(car)--Nakanokami (Minamitane-cho) Minamitane

2016/10/25 Exploration on the south part of Tanegashima around Mnamitane-cho and inland area of Nakatane-choand Furuta of Nishinoomote city Nishinoomote

2015/10/26 Exploration on the seashore area　in the north part of Tanegashima and went to Yakushima by high speedboat

Yakushima-choMiyanoura

2015/10/27 Exploration on the abandonded farmland in Yakushima and the seashore area ine the south part of it Yakushima-choAnbou

2015/10/28 Exploration on inland area of Yakushima; Yakushima Airport 14:15 -- (JAC3746) -- Kagoshima Airport16:05 -- (JAL650) -- Haneda Airport 17:45 -- ( JR/ Tsukuba Express train ) --Tsukuba

Table 1. Itinerary of the field survey at Tanegashima and Yakushima islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan (October 24-28, 2016)

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come across in Tanegashima and Yakushima islands.As described in Table 3, 5 out of 7 accessions of G. soja were growing along river banks (Photographs

3, 8 and 11), while the remaining 2 were growing on a bank of a rice field (Photograph 1). Both are usual habitats for wild soybeans. All plants bore many young green pods but no mature dark brown pods, as referred to in the report from the earlier survey by Oki and Kono (2012).

Additionally, we surveyed almost all of potential wild soybeans habitats (Fig.1, r12, r13, r15, r16

Species Riverside Inland Seashore TotalGlycine soja 5 2 7

Vigna marina 1 4 5

Canavalia lineata 1 1 2

Total 5 4 5 14

Table 2. Summary of materials collected in Kagoshima prefecture

Fig. 1. Survey routes and collection and search sites on Tanegashima and Yakushima islands, Kagoshima Prefecture.

Tanegashima Airport

Tanegashima Space CenterAnbo Port

Nishinoomote Port

Ferry route TY1,2

TY9

TY3

TY8

TY7

TY4

TY10TY5,6

TY11

TY12,13TY14

r1

r2r3

r12 r13

r18

r17

r14 r16

r15

r5

r4

r6

r7

r8r9

r10

r11

Fig.1. Survey routes and the collection and search sites on Tanegashima and Yakushima islands, Kagoshima prefecture

◎

◎

◎

◎◎◎

◎

◎

◎◎

◎

◎

◎

◎

◎

◎

◎◎

★ TY : Collection sites of each accession with their Col. No. / Acc. No. in Table 3 ◎ r : Other surveyed sites with numbers in chronological order

- 33 -

and r17), although we did not find any wild soybeans on Yakushima island. This may partly have been because of the decline of agriculture on this island. As shown in Photographs 28, 33 and 35, many fallow fields were found there; most of which seemed unattended for a long time. Arundo donax (Japanese name, Danchiku) (Photograph 33) grew predominantly, with deep grass tussocks forming across the land (Photograph 35). An old farmer in Kusugawa (Fig. 1, r15, Photograph 33) said that he had seen wild soybeans over 20 years ago. He also said that the agriculture in the Kusugawa area had been active around that time. Although he did not mention about rice farming in particular, considering his observations as correct, it seems reasonable to assume that we could find G. soja around Nagata, where is the only rice paddy area and people are still actively farming the land. It is unfortunate that rice farming was concluded in the Nagata area by the time of our visit to the site in 2016. Thus, we only saw harvested field with few weeds growing, but could not find any G. soja (Fig. 1, r13, Photograph 31).

According to the results of the present survey, TY-4 (Table 3) was the southernmost wild soybean accession collected, at 30021'54.6"N/130053'28.4"E. However, the previous survey also found a wild soybean at 30022'0.16"N/130053'22.92"E. Since both accessions seem to inhabit almost the same area, we concluded that the southernmost habitat of wild soybeans in Japan lies in the vicinity of Rokumei river at Nishino, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima.

Vigna angularis var. nipponensis (Japanese, Yabutsuru-azuki)Unfortunately, we could not find any wild adzuki beans on either island surveyed at all. All of

residents to whom we showed photographs of V. angularis var. nipponensis said they were not acquainted with such a leguminous plant.

A curator working for the Minamitanecho office introduced us to a retired researcher of the Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, who was a specialist in plants from Tanegashima island. This researcher declared he had once seen a similar plant with yellow flowers near his former office, in the Tanegashima Division of the Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, Matsubarayama, Nakatanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima, but he could not identify it as V. angularis var. nipponensis, because the plant had no pods or seeds. He suspected that might be Dunbaria villosa (Thunb.) Makino (Japanese name, Noazuki). We tried to survey the area (Fig. 1, r6) but could find either V. angularis nor D. villosa.

All things considered, the probability of finding a wild adzuki bean in Tanegashima and Yakushima islands seems to be very slim. The fact that we could see neither a wild adzuki bean specimen ourselves or anybody who might have seen one, strongly supports that thought. Further, Tomooka et al. (1994) also failed to find cultivated adzuki beans on an earlier survey for collecting landraces of cultivated crops in Tanegashima and Yakushima islands, although they did find cultivated cowpeas (sasage) used in place of adzuki beans. Bearing such results in mind, it seems probable that environmental conditions, e.g., the climate of Tanegashima and Yakushima islands, might be unsuitable for growing of adzuki beans. According to the report of another survey on the state of vegetation in the Osumi Peninsula, Kagoshima prefecture (Kawagoshi, 1997), the southern limit on which V. angularis var. nipponensis would lie around Mount Inao on the Osumi Peninsula. We are planning a field survey to the location in 2017.

Vigna marina (Japanese, Hama-sasage) Vigna marina is a pan tropical species that grows mainly on sandy beaches (Tomooka et al., 2010).

- 34 -

Although the geographical distribution of V. marina was well documented in southern Japan, i.e., the Ryukyu islands (Tomooka et al., 2000, 2012, 2013; Takahashi et al., 2014), until recently, northern Japan had not been sufficiently surveyed in search of V. marina. However, till date, there are several reports about the northern limit of V. marina in Japan. Kawagoshi said that the northern limit of the species is around Sata Headland, Kagoshima prefecture, in the report previously cited (Kawagoshi, 1997), while the Kochi prefecture version of the Red Data Book (2010) state that V. marina inhabits in Kochi prefecture and the Kaiyocho museum in Tokushima prefecture posits that the northern limit of the species is at Nasa bay, in Kaiyocho (26th Exhibition “Coastal Plants,” 2009). These reports suggest the possibility that V. marina could widen its distribution area in Japan with dispersal of seeds by the ocean Kuroshio current. We think the results of the present survey support this proposal.

We found 5 accessions of V. marina in 4 sites on Tanegashima and Yakushima islands (Table 3: TY-8, TY-11–TY-14, Fig. 1: TY8, TY11–TY14), and additionally one habitat at Motomurakaigan on Tanegashima island, although we could not collect any seeds, since the plants were only entering the flowering stage (Fig. 1, r1, Photographs 5 and 6). All sites inhabited by this species were found south of these islands. We also surveyed the shores of the north sides, but could not find V. marina’s habitat at all in this case (Fig. 1, TY9 and TY10, r8-r11, r14). This may well be case if the seeds of V. marina were dispersed from the southern islands, such as the Ryukyu islands, by the Kuroshio current, and had established there. Canavalia lineata (Japanese, Hamanata-mame)

Three wild species of genus Canavalia inhabit sea shores in Japan: Canavalia lineata (Thunb.) DC., which is distributed along the southern part from Bousou Peninsula, Chiba prefecture (Sauer, 1964); Canavalia maritima (Aubl.) Thouars (Japanese name, Nagami-hama-natamame), which is found distributed along the southern part from Amami islands, Kagoshima prefecture (Matsumura et al ., 2004); and Canavalia cathartica Thouars, which is distributed along the southern part of the Ryukyu islands, Okinawa prefecture (Sauer, 1964; Yamashiro et al., 2013).

We collected the seeds of two accessions of Canavalia sp. from one site on each island (Fig. 1, TY9 and TY10, Photographs 19, 20, 29 and 30). Judging by the area over which they were found distributed, i.e., northern part from Amami islands, and the longer hilums (13 mm, as shown in seeds Photograph, TY-9 and TY-10) than those of C. martima (7 mm) (Sauer, 1964), we considered these accessions as C. lineata., which was also found on the southern sea shores of Tanegashima and Yakushima islands (Fig. 1, r2, TY11 and TY 13, Photograph 7). They sometime associated with V. marina on beaches (Table 3, Fig. 1, r2 and TY11). Nodule samples

Nodule samples were collected from V. marina at Harutahama beach of Yakushima island (Fig. 1, TY11, Photographs 39 and 40). Soils, which were sandy silt and rich in humus, differed significantly in properties from those of previous sampling sites at coral sandy beaches of the Sakishima islands in Okinawa prefecture (Tomooka et al., 2005). Therefore, we expected that newly and diverse kinds of Rhizobium would be isolated.

We could not collect nodule samples at other site where V. marina and C. lineata were growing. It was too difficult to dig out for target roots and nodules at TY9, TY10, TY12 and TY13 because of many

- 35 -

other plants were fully grown around the target plants. TY8 was a site at the Tanegashima Space Center of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). At TY14, Kurio beach in Yakushima, an old villager kept recounting his life history during our seed sampling. These prevented us from digging around the plants.

ReferencesKawagoshi Y (1997) Field survey on the state of vegetation on Osumi Peninsula. The Reports of Survey on

the Natural Environment in Kagoshima prefecture Ⅳ Nature of Osumi Peninsula: 19-25 (in Japanese:

大隈の植物相．鹿児島の自然調査事業報告書Ⅳ　大隈の自然， 19-25，鹿児島県立博物館 )．Matsumura S, Tateishi Y, Yokoyama J, Maki M (2004) Expansion of the distribution range and pollinators

of Canavalia rosea (Fabaceae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Acta Phytotax Geobot 55: 207-212.Oki N, Kono Y (2012) Collection of the wild soybean (Glycine soja) in southern Kyushu and Tanegashima

Island. AREIPGR 28: 51-57.Sauer J (1964) Revision of Canavalia. Brittonia 16: 106-181.Takahashi Y, Naito K, Ogiso-Tanaka E, Inoue J, Hirashima S, Tomooka N (2014) Collection and field

survey of wild Vigna genetic resources in the Yaeyama Archipelago, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, 8th to 14th July, 2013. AREIPGR 30: 29-51.

Takahashi Y, Baba-Kasai A, Akiba M, Iizumi T, Tomooka N (2017) Collection and conservation of legume genetic resources in Oita and Miyazaki Prefectures, Japan, 2016. AREIPGR 33: 1-27.

Tomooka T, Nakayama H, Yamada K, Sugimoto A (1994) Exploration for collecting landraces of cultivated crops in Tanegashima and Yakushima Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture. AREIPGR 10: 15-24 (in Japanese with English summary and table).

Tomooka T, Vaughan D, Egawa Y, Tateishi Y, Yamashiro T. (2000) Exploration and collection of wild Vigna species on the Nansei archipelago, Japan. AREIPGR 16: 39-49 (in Japanese with English summary and table).

Tomooka N, Kuroda Y, Yokoyama T, Kashiwaba K, Kaga A, Isemura T, Vaughan DA (2005) Ecological survey and conservation of legumes - symbiotic rhizobia genetic diversity from Ishigaki Islands, Okinawa, Japan, 2004. AREIPGR 21: 97-103.

Tomooka N, Fukui K, Akiba M (2010) Collection and conservation of wild leguminous crop relatives on Tsushima island, Nagasaki, Japan, 2009. AREIPGR 26: 27-34.

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Tomooka N, Inoue J, Akiba M, Umezawa T (2013) Collection and conservation of wild leguminous crop relatives on Ishigaki, Iriomote, Miyako, Kurima, Irabu and Ikema islands, Okinawa, Japan, 2012. AREIPGR 29: 1-17.

Vaughan DA, Yokoyama T, Komatsuzaki T (1999) Wild relatives of crops conservation in Japan with a focus on Vigna spp. 4. Collecting mission on Kyushu 16th -21st October 1998. AREIPGR 15: 79-84.

Yamashiro A, Yamashiro T, Tateishi Y (2013) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Canavalia cathartica and C. lineata (Fabaceae). Appl Plant Sci 1: 1200111.

- 36 -

種子島および屋久島におけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の探索収集，2016 年 10月 24日～ 28日

馬場（笠井）晶子 1)・秋葉光孝 2)・飯泉敏勝 2)・伊東義弘 2)

1) 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構　遺伝資源センター2) 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構　つくば技術支援センター

和文摘要

　本報告は，2016 年 10 月 24 日～ 28 日に行った鹿児島県種子島および屋久島でのマメ科植物遺伝資源の調査報告である．結果として，野生ダイズ（Glycine soja, ツルマメ）7点，ハマササゲ（Vigna marina）5 点，ハマナタマメ（Canavalia lineata）2 点，合計 14 点のマメ科植物遺伝資源を収集した．また，1 点のハマササゲに着生していた根粒を収集した．海岸近くに自生していたハマササゲやハマナタマメ，またこれに着生していた根粒菌は耐塩性に優れた特性を有する可能性がある．収集したすべてのマメ科植物遺伝資源は，つくば市にある農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構　遺伝資源センター圃場で栽培し，特性評価と種子増殖を行う計画である．また，根粒からは遺伝資源センター実験室で根粒菌を単離して，栽培室におけるマメ科作物への接種試験などの特性評価を行う予定である．増殖種子および単離根粒菌は，農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構のジーンバンクで保存するとともに，研究や教育で利用するために配布可能な遺伝資源とする．

- 37 -

Table 3. Passport information of materials collected in Kagoshima prefecture Col. No. / Map ID

JP No. Scientific name

Col. Date

Status Collection Site (Address) Latitude Longitude Altitude (m)

Soil Seed Herbarium Nodule Remarks 100 seed weight (g)

TY-1 257500 Glycine soja

24 Oct, 2016

Wild Noukan, Nakatanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima 鹿児島県熊毛郡中種子町納官

N30˚35'07.6" E130˚57'15.9" 49 silt bulk no no growing at a slope beside paddy field and Route 58 道路（県道 58 号）と水田の間の斜面に生育．未成熟な莢が多い．

1.0


24 Oct, 2016

Wild Noukan, Nakatanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima 鹿児島県熊毛郡中種子町納官

N30˚35'07.6" E130˚57'15.9" 49 silt bulk no no growing at a slope beside paddy field and Route 58 道路（県道 58 号）と水田の間の斜面に生育．実入りの良い莢（成熟前）を収集．

1.7


25 Oct, 2016

Wild Nakanokami, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima 鹿児島県熊毛郡南種子町中之上５２５

N30˚24'29.1" E130˚55'10.4" 18 silt bulk no no growing at a river wall of Koorikawa near Minamitane-cho Kawauti 南種子町河内温泉センター近傍，郡川護岸の法面に生育．実入りの良い莢（成熟前）を収集．

1 .5


25 Oct, 2016

Wild Nishino, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima 鹿児島県熊毛郡南種子町西之

N30˚21'54.6" E130˚53'28.4" 6 silt bulk no no growing beside a small bridge over the Rokumei river in paddy land area near Route 75 県道 75 号横の水田地帯 ( 本村地区 ) 内を流れる鹿鳴川の橋の袂に生育．実入りの良い莢（成熟前）を収集．鹿鳴川の河口付近（砂浜）にV. marina が繁茂していたが，開花前で種子は収集できなかった．

1 .5


25 Oct, 2016

Wild Kukinaga, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima 鹿児島県熊毛郡南種子町茎永

N30˚23'18.7" E130˚56'20.1" 11 silt bulk no no growing along the "Miyase river" in vast paddy land area called "Kukinaga" that is named after a trait of culm length of the traditional red rice in this area 赤米伝承の地とされる豊満神社付近の広い水田地帯（茎永：赤米の稈長が長いことに由来するとされる地名）内を流れる宮瀬川に沿って生育．TY-5 と TY-6 の間は20m 以上離れている．実入りの良い莢（成熟前）を収集．

1.6


25 Oct, 2016


N30˚23'18.6" E130˚56'20.2" 8 silt bulk no no growing along the "Miyase river" in vast paddy land area called "Kukinaga" that is named after a trait of culm length of the traditional red rice in this area 赤米伝承の地とされる豊満神社付近の広い水田地帯（茎永：赤米の稈長が長いことに由来するとされる地名）内を流れる宮瀬川に沿って生育．TY-5 と TY-6 の間は20m 以上離れている．実入りの良い莢（成熟前）を収集．

1 .4


25 Oct, 2016

Wild Kukinaga, Minamitanecho,, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima 鹿児島県熊毛郡南種子町茎永

N30˚24'01.6" E130˚56'17.7" 7 silt bulk no no growing along the middle reaches of Miyase river in north part of vast paddy land area 宮瀬川中流域，茎永地区の水田地帯の北部に生育．実入りの良い莢（成熟前）を収集．

1.8

TY-8 257429 Vigna marina

25 Oct, 2016


N30˚22'33.8" E130˚57'48.3" 15 silt bulk no no growing in the grass park at the bottom of small hill in "Tanegashima Space Center", at a distance of about 400m from the shoreline (sandy beach). 種子島宇宙センター内の小山の麓に展開する芝地（砂混じり）に生育．海（砂浜）からの距離は約 400m．鹿鳴川河口（本村海岸）のものより生育が早く開花盛期～熟莢期であった．

5.1

TY-9 257430 Canavalia lineata

26 Oct, 2016

Wild Mihamacho, Nisninoomote, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima 鹿児島県西之表市西之表美浜町

N30˚44'38.6" E130˚59'55.2" 20 silt bulk yes no growing at a vacant land near the "Kerihama park" faces the seashore (sandy beach) of "Mihama area", at a distance of about 50m from the shoreline. 美浜地区の花里浜公園近くの海岸（砂浜）に面した空き地に繁茂していた．海からの距離は約 50m．

56.5

- 38 -

Table 3. (Continued). Col. No. / Map ID

JP No. Scientific name

Col. Date

Status Collection Site (Address) Latitude Longitude Altitude (m)

Soil Seed Herbarium Nodule Remarks 100 seed weight (g)

TY-10 257431 Canavalia lineata

26 Oct, 2016

Wild Kusugawa, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima 鹿児島県熊毛郡屋久島町楠川

N30˚24'18.8" E130˚36'56.9" 24 silt bulk no no growing at a vacant land between a seashore and Route 77, at a distance of about 50m from the shoreline (a rocky coast). 道路（県道 77 号）と海岸 ( 岩場 ) の間の空き地（砂利）に繁茂．海からの距離は約 50m．

75.6


27 Oct, 2016

Wild Harutahama, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima 鹿児島県熊毛郡屋久島町春田浜

N30˚18'03.8" E130˚39'09.3" 15 sandy bulk no yes growing beside a garden pathe to "Harutahama" beach al-though not in the beach where C. lineata and Lathyrus japoni-cus were growing.春田浜海水浴場に続く小道沿いに繁茂．ビーチにはV.marina は無く，ハマナタマメとハマエンドウが生育していた．

5.0


27 Oct, 2016

Wild Kurio, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima 鹿児島県熊毛郡屋久島町栗生

N30˚16'04.6" E130˚25'05.9" 18 silt bulk no no growing along a pathe between "Kuriohama" beach and a heliport of the port of "Kuriokou" although not in the beach, sympatric with Cassytha filiformis（Japanese name: "Suna-duru"）栗生浜海水浴場と栗生港のヘリポートをつなぐ護岸上の小道沿いに繁茂．海水浴場には V.marina は無かった．スナズル（日本国内の生息地では，屋久島栗生浜が北限とされている）と同所的に分布．

5.1


27 Oct, 2016


N30˚16'04.6" E130˚25'05.9" 18 silt bulk no no growing along a pathe between "Kuriohama" beach and a heliport of the port of "Kuriokou" although not in the beach, sympatric with Ipomoea pes-caprae（Japanese name: "Gun-baihirugao"）栗生浜海水浴場と栗生港のヘリポートをつなぐ護岸上の小道沿いに繁茂．TY11 とは 20m 以上離れており，TY12 の方がヘリポート寄り．グンバイヒルガオと同所的に分布．

6.3


27 Oct, 2016


N30˚16'04.4" E130˚25'02.3" 8 sandy bulk no no growing at a narrow sandy beach remains in the sea front of the "Kuriokou" heliport 栗生港のヘリポート前面に残された砂浜に生育．

5.3

- 39 -

Photo 1. Habitat of G. soja (TY-1, 2), Noukan, Nakatanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 2. Plant and pods of G. soja (TY-2), Noukan, Nakatanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 3. Habitat of of G. soja (TY-3), Nakanokami, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 4. Plant and pods of G. soja (TY-3), Nakanokami, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 5. Geographical environment of a search location, Motomurakaigan, Nakanoshimo, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r1 in Fig.1)

Photo 8. Habitat of G. soja (TY-4), beside Rokumeigawa river, Nishino, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 9. Plant and pods of G. soja (TY-4), Nishino, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo10. Lotus japonicus at Kadokura headland (r3 in Fig.1), Nishino, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 11. Habitat of G. soja (TY-5), beside Miyasegawa river, Kukinaga, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 12. Plant and pods of G. soja (TY-5), Kukinaga, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 13. Plant and pods of G. soja (TY-7), Kukinaga, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 6. V. marina at flowering stage (setting no seed), Motomurakaigan, Nakanoshimo, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r1 in Fig.1)

Photo7. C. lineata at vegetative growth stage in a bush of Juniperus conferta, at Motomurakaigan (r2 in Fig.1)

Photograph 1. Habitat of G. soja (TY-1, 2), Noukan, Nakatanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 4. Plant and pods of G. soja (TY-3), Nakanokami, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 3. Habitat of G. soja (TY-3), Nakanokami, Minamitanecho,Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 2. Plant and pods of G. soja (TY-2), Noukan, Nakatanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 5. Geographical environment of a search location, Motomurakaigan, Nakanoshimo, Minamitanecho,Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r1 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 6 V. marina at flowering stage (setting no seed), Motomurakaigan, Nakanoshimo, Minamitanecho,Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r1 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 7. C. lineata at vegetative growth stage in a bush of Juniperus conferta, at Motomurakaigan (r2 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 8. Habitat of G. soja (TY-4), beside Rokumeigawa river, Nishino, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 9. Plant and pods of G. soja (TY-4), Nishino, Minamitanecho,Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 10. Lotus japonicus at Kadokura headland (r3 in Fig. 1), Nishino, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 11. Habitat of G. soja (TY-5), beside Miyasegawa river, Kukinaga, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 12. Plant and pods of G. soja (TY-5), Kukinaga, Minamitanecho,Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 13. Plant and pods of G. soja (TY-7), Kukinaga, Minamitanecho,Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

- 41 -

Photo 14. Habitat of V. marina (TY-8) in a grass park beside Tanegashima Space Center, Kukinaga, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 17. Geographical environment of a search location at Kumano beach, Hirayama, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r5 in Fig.1)

Photo 18. Plants of Amphicarpaea bracteata found in a rice paddy area, Furuta, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r7 in Fig.1)

Photo 19. Habitat of of C. lineata(TY-9), Mihamacho, Nisninoomote, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima

Photo 20. Plant and pods of C. lineata(TY-9), Mihamacho, Nisninoomote, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima

Photo 21. Geographical environment of a search location at Urata beach, Kunigami, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r8 in Fig.1)

Photo 22. Dominant specieses in a search location at Urata beach, Kunigami, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r8 in Fig.1)

Photo 15. Pods of V. marina (TY-8), in a grass park beside Tanegashima Space Center, Kukinaga, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 16. Ecological environment of a search location beside fallow fields, Hirayama, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r4 in Fig.1)

Photo 23. Geographical environment of a search location at Kishikasaki headland, Kunigami, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r9 in Fig.1)

Photo 24. C. lineata at vegetative growth stage at Kishikasaki headland, Kunigami, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r9 in Fig.1)

Photo 25. Geographical environment of a search location at a beach of Iseki, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r10 in Fig.1)

Photograph 17. Geographical environment of a search location at Kumano beach, Hirayama, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r5 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 14. Habitat of V. marina (TY-8) in a grass park beside Tanegashima Space Center, Kukinaga, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 15. Pods of V. marina (TY-8), in a grass park beside Tanegashima Space Center, Kukinaga, Minamitanecho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 16. Ecological environment of a search location beside fallow fields, Hirayama, Minamitanecho,Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r4 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 18. Plants of a Amphicarpaea bracteata found in a rice paddy area, Furuta, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r7 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 19. Habitat of C. lineata (TY-9), Mihamacho, Nishinoomote, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima

Photograph 20. Plant and pods of C . l i n e a t a ( T Y- 9 ) , M i h a m a c h o , Nishinoomote, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima

Photograph 21. Geographical environment of a search location at Urata beach, Kunigami, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r8 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 22.Dominant specieses in a search location at Urata beach, Kunigami, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r8 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 23. Geographical environment of a saerch location at Kishikasaki headland, Kunigami, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r9 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 24. C. lineata at vegetative growth stage at Kishikasaki headland, Kunigami, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r9 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 25. Geographical environment of a search location at a beach of Iseki, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r10 in Fig. 1)

- 43 -

Photo 26. Plants of Ipomoea pes-caprae, a dominant species around r10 in Fig.1, Iseki, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima

Photo 29. Habitat of of C. lineata(TY-10), Kusugawa, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 30. Pods of C. lineata (TY-10), Kusugawa, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 31. Ecologicalcal environment of search location in a rice paddy area, Nagata, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r13 in Fig.1)

Photo 32. Geographical environment of a search location at Nagata-Inakahama beach, Nagata, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r14 in Fig.1)

Photo 33. Ecologicalcal environment of large fallow fields, Kusugawa, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r15 in Fig.1)

Photo 34. Ecologicalcal environment beside a turmeric field, Tabugawa, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r16 in Fig.1)

Photo 27. Geographical environment of a search location at other beach of Iseki, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r11 in Fig.1)

Photo 28. A fallow field where Crotalaria assamica has dominantly grown, Koseda, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r12 in Fig.1)

Photo 35. Ecologicalcal environment of large fallow fields, Funayuki, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r17 in Fig.1)

Photo 36. A small kitchen garden in large fallow fields, Funayuki, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r17 in Fig.1)

Photo 37. Habitat of of V. marina(TY-11), Harutahama beach, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 26. Plants of Ipomoea pes-caprae, a dominant species around r10 in Fig. 1, Iseki, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima

Photograph 27. Georaphical environment of a search location at other beach of Iseki, Nishinoomote-shi, Kagoshima (r11 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 28. A fallow field where Crotalaria assamica has dominantly grown, Koseda, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r12 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 29. Habitat of C. lineata (TY-10), Kusugawa, Yakushimacho,Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 30. Pods of C. lineata (TY-10), Kusugawa, Yakushimacho,Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 31. Ecological environment of search location in a rice paddy area, Nagata, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r13 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 32. Geographical environment of a search location at Nagata-Inakahama beach, Nagata, Yakushimacho,Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r14 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 33. Ecological environment oflarge fallow fields, Kusugawa, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r15 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 34. Ecological environment bes ide a turmer ic f ie ld , Tabugawa, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r16 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 35. Ecological environment o f l a rg e f a l l o w f i e l d s , F u n a y u k i , Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r17 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 36. A small kitchen garden i n l a rg e f a l l o w f i e l d s , F u n a y u k i , Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r17 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 37. Habitat of V. marina (TY-11), Harutahama beach, Yakushimacho,Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

- 45 -

Photo 38. Flowers and a young pod of V. marina (TY-11), Harutahama beach, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 41. Geographical environment of a search location at Nakamahama beach, Nakama, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r18 in Fig.1)

Photo 42. Geographical environment of Kurio beach where V. marina were grown (TY-12~14), Kurio, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 43. Ecologicalcal environment of habitat of V. marina (TY-12), Kurio beach, Kurio, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima


Photo 45. Flowers and young pods of V. marina(TY-13), Kurio beach, Kurio, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima


Photo 39. Symbiotic root nodules occured on the roots of V. marina(TY-11), Harutahama beach, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photo 40. Collected root nodules of V. marina (TY-11), Harutahama beach, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 38. Flowers and a young pod of V. marina (TY-11), Harutahama beach, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 39. Symbiotic root nodules occured on the roots of V. marina (TY-11), Harutahama beach, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 40. Collected root nodules of V. marina (TY-11), Harutahama beach, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 41. Geographical environment of a search location at Nakamahama beach, Nakama, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima (r18 in Fig. 1)

Photograph 42. Geographical environment of Kurio beach where V. marina were grown (TY-12 ~ 14), Kurio, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima

Photograph 43. Ecological environment of habitat of V. marina (TY-12), Kurio beach, Kurio, Yakushimacho,Kumage-gun, Kagoshima


Photograph 45. Flowers and young pods of V. marina (TY-13), Kurio beach, Kurio, Yakushimacho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima


- 47 -

TY-1, JP257500, Glycine soja TY-2, JP257423, Glycine soja TY-3, JP257424, Glycine soja

TY-4, JP257425, Glycine soja


TY-10, JP257431, Canavalia lineata

TY-13, JP257434, Vigna marina TY-14, JP257435, Vigna marina

TY-8, JP257429, Vigna marina TY-9, JP257430, Canavalia lineata


TY-11, JP257432, Vigna marina TY-12, JP257433, Vigna marina


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Collection of Wild Leguminous Crop Relatives in Ishikawa, Gifu, and Toyama Prefectures in Japan in 2016

Ken NAITO 1), Honami OHASHI 2), Yuki KOBAYASHI 2)

1) Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan

2) Department of Integrated Bioscience, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan

Communicated by S. YAMAMOTO (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received Jun. 13, 2017, Accepted Aug. 29, 2017Corresponding author: K. NAITO (Email: [email protected])

Summary

We surveyed Ishikawa, Gifu, and Toyama prefectures in Japan, from October 27 to 30, 2016, to collect wild azuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi et H. Ohashi var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi et H. Ohashi) and wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold et Zucc.). We surveyed 46 collection sites and collected 48 accessions, among which 43 were wild azuki bean and five were wild soybean specimens. As in our last survey, in 2015, wild azuki bean was prevalent in the lower lands of western Japan, that look onto the Sea of Japan, while it was often found in the relatively higher lands (300-700 m. a s. l.) of eastern Japan, looking onto the Pacific Ocean. Although we could not collect many wild soybean specimens, one accession was collected from a riverbed, which might therefore, have flooding tolerance.

KEY WORDS: wild legumes, Vigna, Glycine, genetic resources

IntroductionThe NARO Genebank project has been conducting field surveys to collect and conserve germplasm

of Vigna and Glycine throughout Japan (Vaughan et al. 2010; Tomooka et al. 2010, see also Annual Report on Exploration and Introduction of Plant Genetic Resources, https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications.php#plant_report). Because wild relatives of crop species are also important genetic resources (McCouch et al. 2013), we have recently focused on collecting those of two important legume crops; azuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi, Japanese name: azuki), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr., Japanese name: daizu). In Japan, the ancestors of the two crops, wild azuki bean (Vigna angularis var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi, Japanese name: yabutsuru azuki) and wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc., Japanese name: tsuru mame) are prevalent; thus, we continue surveying to collect these

- 50 -

materials from all prefectures. Since our 2015 survey, we have explored the central region of the Honshu island, because we had

already collected a few accessions in this region (Muto et al. 2016). In this survey we surveyed the west side of the Noto Peninsula in Ishikawa prefecture, the northern part of Gifu prefecture, and the southern part of Toyama prefecture, where we left unsurveyed in 2015.

MethodsTable 1 shows the schedule of this field survey. On the first day we started from Noto airport,

drove north to Wajima city, then around the west side of the Noto Peninsula until we reached Shika town. On the second day we surveyed the rest of the Noto Peninsula, including Hakui city, Nakanoto town, Hodatsushimizu town, Kahoku city, Tsubata town in Ishikawa prefecture, and Oyabe city and Tonami city in Toyama prefecture. On the third day we drove south to survey Nanto city in Toyama prefecture, and Shirakawa village, Gujo city, and Gero city in Gifu prefecture. On the forth day we surveyed Hida city and Takayama city in Gifu prefecture and Toyama city in Toyama prefecture (Fig.1).

Prior to the field survey we selected collection sites by previewing these areas on Google Earth. The selected collection sites were river banks, edges of canals, and borders between paddy fields and shrines or dwellings.

We recorded addresses, altitudes, latitudes, longitudes, habitat sketch maps and other ecological data from each collection site as passport data. GPS data were obtained by GPSMAP 62SC (GERMIN). When we found populations of V. angularis var. nipponensis or G. soja, we collected bulked seed samples from each population.

Results and DiscussionIn this survey we collected 48 accessions, among which, 43 were wild azuki bean and five were wild

soybean (Tables 2 and 3, Fig. 1). Of the 43 azuki been accessions, 21 had larger seeds or brighter colors on the seed coat, which are typical characters of weedy forms (escapes of cultivars or hybrids between cultivars and wild forms (Muto et al. 2016). In all, we surveyed 46 sites, and found at least one of these species at 38 sites; however, we were unable to collect seeds at one sites (Table 4, Fig. 1). This site was Noto13 (No. 8 in Fig. 1), where we found a wild azuki bean plant which did not set any seeds, probably because that site was recently mown (Fig. 1, Table 3). We could not find any of the species at eight sites in Gifu prefecture, among which, six were more than 700 m in altitude (Fig. 1).

Date Itinerary Stay

2016/10/27 Noto airport (Ishikawa) → Wajima → Shika Shika (Ishikawa)

2016/10/28 Shika (Ishikawa) → Hakui → Nakanoto → Hodatsushimizu→ Kahoku → Tsubata → Oyabe (Toyama) → Tonami Tonami (Toyama)

2016/10/29 Tonami (Toyama) → Nanto → Shirakawa (Gifu) → Gujo→ Gero Gero (Gifu)

2016/10/30 Gero (Gifu) → Hida → Takayama → Toyama (Toyama)

Table 1. Itinerary of the field survey in 2016

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Vigna angularis var. nipponensis As in our 2015 survey (Muto et al. 2016), it was easy to find and collect seeds of wild azuki bean

in the areas towards the Sea of Japan (in Ishikawa and Toyama prefectures) (Fig. 2). These we found this species in 28 of the 30 surveyed sites, although we could not collect seeds from a plant at Noto13. Together with the results from our last survey, we conclude that wild azuki bean is prevalent in the Hokuriku Region.

In Gifu prefecture, we found wild azuki bean at 11 of the 17 surveyed sites. This was much better than the results of our last survey (Muto et al. 2016), where we found it only at three sites out of 14. The difference between the last survey and this survey was in altitudes of the sites surveyed. In 2015 we focused on surveying areas below 100 m above sea level, while in 2016 we focused on areas >300 m above sea level (Fig. 2). Except for altitudes greater than 700 m, we found wild azuki bean samples at all survey sites. Otherwise, however, we found it at only one site out of seven (Table 3, Fig. 1). Since we did not find any wild azuki bean in Nobi Plain across Gifu, Aichi, and Mie prefectures (<50 m in altitude) in the last survey (Muto et al. 2016) (Fig. 2), it might be better to survey areas higher altitudes for wild azuki bean on the Pacific Ocean side of Honshu island.

Glycine sojaIn this survey we collected only five accessions of wild soybean (Table 3). The collection sites of

these accessions were Nos. 2, 9, 23, 31 and 46 in Fig. 1. We also had difficulty in finding this species in Toyama, Ishikawa, and Fukui prefectures in the last survey (Muto et al. 2016); thus, we consider wild soybean not to be dominant in the Hokuriku Region. In Gifu prefecture, the area we surveyed was probably too high for wild soybean to grow.

Among the five soybean accessions collected, four were in drier habitats, than those of wild azuki bean. However, accession JP257385, collected in Noto14 (No. 9 in Fig. 1), was in a riverbed, which was the wettest habitat visited during this survey (Photo 1). This accession might be a good source of flooding tolerance for soybean breeding.

Acknowledgement This study was supported by NARO Genebank Project.

Species Ishikawa Gifu Toyama TotalVigna angularis var. nipponensis 26 13 4 43Glycine soja 3 1 1 5Total 29 14 5 48

Ishikawa Gifu Toyama TotalCollected 22 10 5 37 Vigna angularis var. nipponensis* 21 10 4 35 Glycine soja** 3 1 1 5

Not collected 2 6 1 9Total 24 16 6 46

same site.*,** The number of sites are double counted if the two species were found at the

Table 4. Summary of collection sites

Table 2. Summary of samples collected in each prefecture

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ReferencesMcCouch S, Baute GJ, Bradeen J, Bramel P, Bretting PK, Buckler E, Burke JM, Charest D, Cloutier S,

Cole G, Dempewolf H, Dinghuhn M, Feuillet C, Gepts P, Grattapaglia D, Guarino L, Jackson S, Knapp S, Langridge P, Lawton-Rauh A, Lijua Q, Lusty C, Michael T, Myles S, Naito K, Nelson RL, Pontarollo R, Richards CM, Rieseberg L, Ross-Ibarra J, Rounsley S, Hamilton RS, Schurr U, Stein N, Tomooka N, van der Knaap E, van Tassel D, Toll J, Valls J, Varshney RK, Ward J, Waugh R, Wenzl P, Zamir D (2013) Agriculture: Feeding the future. Nature 499: 23-24.

Muto C, Iseki K, Naito K (2016) Collection and conservation of wild Leguminous crop relatives from the Prefectures of Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Gifu, Aichi, and Mie in Japan, 2015. AREIPGR 32: 29-65.

Tomooka N, Kaga A, Isemura T, Kuroda Y, Vaughan DA, Srinives P, Somta P, Thadavong S, Bounphanousay C, Kanyavong K, Inthapanya P, Pandiyan M, Senthil N, Ramamoorthi N, Jaiwal PK, Jing T, Umezawa K, Yokoyama T (2010) Vigna genetic resources. In Proceeding of the 14th NIAS International Workshop on Genetic Resources. - Genetic Resources and Comparative Genomics of Legumes (Glycine and Vigna) -, NIAS, Tsukuba, pp. 11-21.

[http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/pdf/misc/international-WS_14_11.pdf]Tomooka N, Kaga A, Isemura T, Vaughan DA (2011) Vigna. In Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and

Breeding Resources. Legume Crops and Forages. Kole C (ed). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, Chapter 15, pp. 291-311.

Tomooka N, Akiba M, Iizumi T (2015) Collection of wild soybean (Glycine soja) and wild azuki bean (Vigna angularis var. nipponensis) in Gunma and Nagano prefectures, Japan, 2014. AREIPGR 31: 35-51.

Vaughan DA, Tomooka N, Kaga A, Isemura T, Kuroda Y (2010) Glycine genetic resources. In Proceedings of the 14th NIAS International Workshop on Genetic Resources. - Genetic Resources and Comparative Genomics of Legumes (Glycine and Vigna) -, NIAS, Tsukuba, pp. 1-9.

[http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/pdf/misc/international-WS_14_11.pdf]

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石川県，岐阜県，および富山県におけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の探索収集，2016年

内藤健 1)・大橋ほなみ 2)・小林優生 2)

1）農研機構・遺伝資源センター2）東京大学大学院新領域創成科学研究科

和文摘要　本報告は 2016 年 10 月 27 日から 30 日にかけて実施した石川・岐阜・富山の 3 県におけるマメ科作物近縁野生種の探索についての報告である．本調査において 46 箇所の収集地点を探索し，43 系統のヤブツルアズキ (V. angularis var. nipponensis) と 5 系統のツルマメ (G. soja) を収集した．2015 年の探索と同様に，ヤブツルアズキは日本海側の地域では低地で見つかりやすい一方，太平洋側では比較的標高の高い地域（海抜 300-700 m）において見つかることが多かった．ツルマメの収集点数は少なかったが，1 点は川床から収集されたものであるため，耐湿性に優れる可能性がある．

- 54 -

JP No. Site No. Coll. No. Code of Collection sites

in Fig. 1

Coll. Date

(2016)

Species Name Status Collection Site Latitude Longitude Altitude (m)

Land use

Habitat Shading Degree of disturbance

Population size

Stage Disease Pest Seedleaf pod/seeds leaf pod/seeds

257375 Noto7 2016Noto7-1 1 28-Oct

Vigna angularis var. nipponensis

wild Mii, Wajima, Ishikawa N37-17-12 E136-55-41 154 canal bank grassland open med 3x20 mature - - - - Bulk

257376 Noto7 2016Noto7-2 1 28-Oct


weedy Mii, Wajima, Ishikawa N37-17-12 E136-55-41 154 canal bank grassland open med 3x3 mature - - - - Bulk

257377 Noto8 2016Noto8-1 2 28-Oct

Glycine soja wild Nagasawa, Mii, Wajima, Ishikawa N37-18-50 E136-54-4 111 park grassland open med 2x2 mature - - - - Bulk

257378 Noto8 2016Noto8-2 2 28-Oct


wild Nagasawa, Mii, Wajima, Ishikawa N37-18-50 E136-54-4 111 park grassland open med 2x2 mature - - - - Bulk

257379 Noto8 2016Noto8-3 2 28-Oct


weedy Nagasawa, Mii, Wajima, Ishikawa N37-18-50 E136-54-4 111 park grassland open med 2x2 mature - - - - Bulk

257380 Noto9 2016Noto9-1 3 28-Oct


wild Kitatani, Wajima, Ishikawa N37-21-30 E136-54-27 40 riverbank grassland open med 3x3 mature - - - - Bulk

257381 Noto10 2016Noto10-1 5 28-Oct


wild Nagai, Wajima, Ishikawa N37-22-20 E136-52-37 18 riverbank grassland open low 10x100 mature - - - - Bulk

257382 Noto10 2016Noto10-2 5 28-Oct


wild Nagai, Wajima, Ishikawa N37-22-20 E136-52-37 18 riverbank grassland open low 10x100 mature - - - - Bulk

257383 Noto11 2016Noto11-1 6 28-Oct


wild Urakami, Monzenmachi, Wajima, Ishikawa

N37-18-50 E136-48-7 48 riverbank grassland open med 10x20 mature - - - - Bulk

257384 Noto12 2016Noto12-1 7 28-Oct


wild Mochida, Monzenmachi, Wajima, Ishikawa

N37-20-46 E136-45-16 18 cultivated grassland open high 3x10 mature - - - - Bulk

Noto13 None 8 28-Oct


wild Shimizu, Monzenmachi, Wajima, Ishikawa

N37-17-27 E136-45-55 15 cultivation field

cultivated open high 1 plant flowering - - - - Bulk

257385 Noto14 2016Noto14-1 9 28-Oct

Glycine soja wild Ikeda, Monzenmachi, Wajima, Ishikawa

N37-15-39 E136-43-29 0 riverbed grassland open Med 10x0 mature - - - - Bulk

257386 Noto15 2016Noto15-1 10 28-Oct


weedy Tsurugiji, Monzenmachi, Wajima, Ishikawa


257387 Noto16 2016Noto16-1 11 28-Oct


weedy Daifukuji, Monzenmachi, Wajima, Ishikawa

N37-11-14 E136-42-53 58 fallow field grassland open med 5x5 mature - - - - Bulk

257388 Noto17 2016Noto17-1 12 29-Oct


weedy Nakahama, Shikamachi, Hakui, Ishikawa


grassland open med 8x8 mature - - - - Bulk

257389 Noto17 2016Noto17-2 12 29-Oct





257390 Noto17 2016Noto17-3 12 29-Oct





257391 Noto18 2016Noto18-1 13 29-Oct


weedy Kusagi, Shikamachi, Hakui, Ishikawa N37-6-25 E136-45-44 62 riverbank bushes open med 1 plant mature - - - - Bulk

257392 Noto19 2016Noto19-1 14 29-Oct


weedy Nakahata, Shikamachi, Hakui, Ishikawa

N37-5-24 E136-45-55 50 fallow field bushes open med 3x3 past maturity - - - - Bulk

257393 Noto20 2016Noto20-1 15 29-Oct


weedy Nakahata, Shikamachi, Hakui, Ishikawa

N37-5-16 136-45-51 34 canal bank cultivated/grassland

open med 5x5 mature - - - - Bulk

257394 Noto21 2016Noto21-1 16 29-Oct


wild Nashitani-Koyama, Shikamachi, Hakui, Ishikawa


257395 Noto22 2016Noto22-1 17 29-Oct


wild Tachi, Shikamachi, Hakui, Ishikawa N36-59-34 E136-48-1 12 riverbank grassland open med 5x20 mature - - - - Bulk

257396 Noto23 2016Noto23-1 18 29-Oct


weedy Chi, Jikemachi, Hakui, Ishikawa N36-55-32 E136-45-57 28 paddy field cultivated open high 5x10 mature - - - - Bulk

257397 Noto24 2016Noto24-1 19 29-Oct


wild Ru, Kanemaru-Demachi, Hakui, Ishikawa

N36-56-25 E136-50-37 6 riverbank grassland open low 10x10 past maturity - - - - Bulk

257398 Noto25 2016Noto25-1 20 29-Oct


weedy Ke-Koh, Kue, Nakanotomachi, Kashima, Ishikawa


Table 3. Passport data of materials collected

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JP No. Site No. Coll. No. Code of Collection sites

in Fig. 1

Coll. Date

(2016)

Species Name Status Collection Site Latitude Longitude Altitude (m)

Land use

Habitat Shading Degree of disturbance

Population size

Stage Disease Pest Seedleaf pod/seeds leaf pod/seeds

257399 Noto26 2016Noto26-1 21 29-Oct


wild Kawara, Hodatsushimizu, Hakui, Ishikawa

N36-49-22 E136-46-8 30 parking lot none open med 5x5 past maturity - - - - Bulk

257400 Noto27 2016NNoto27-1 22 29-Oct


wild Hachino, Kahoku, Ishikawa N36-49-22 E136-46-3 29 riverbank grassland open low 10x100 mature - - - - Bulk

257401 Noto28 2016Noto28-1 23 29-Oct


wild Kamikawai, Tsubatamachi, Kahoku, Ishikawa


cultivated light med 5x5 past maturity - - - - Bulk

257402 Noto28 2016Noto28-2 23 29-Oct

Glycine soja wild Kamikawai, Tsubatamachi, Kahoku, Ishikawa


cultivated light med 5x5 past maturity - - - - Bulk

257403 Ishikawa7 2016Ishikawa7-1 24 29-Oct


wild Kamikawai, Tsubatamachi, Kahoku, Ishikawa

N36-40-11 E136-47-23 0 riverbank grassland open high 1x1 past maturity - - - - Bulk

257404 Toyama6 2016Toyama6-1 25 29-Oct


wild Hanyu, Oyabe, Toyama N36-40-6 E136-51-1 45 cultivation field

cultivated open high 3x3 past maturity - - - - Bulk



wild Yasui, Oyabe, Toyama N36-39-56 E136-52-1 39 park grassland open high 5x5 past maturity - - - - Bulk



weedy Fukuyama, Tonami, Toyama N36-35-58 E137-1-1 131 paddy field cultivated open med 5x20 mature - - - - Bulk



weedy Nishiakaomachi, Nanto, Toyama N36-23-4 E136-52-15 326 riverbank bushes open med 2x3 mature - - - - Bulk

257408 Gifu15 2016Gifu15-1 30 30-Oct


wild Iijima, Shirakawa, Ohno, Gifu N36-16-32 E136-53-52 548 parking area bushes open med 3x3 past maturity - - - - Bulk

257409 Gifu16 2016Gifu16-1 31 30-Oct

Glycine soja wild Hatotani, Shirakawa, Ohno, Gifu N36-16-21 E136-54-9 521 fallow field bushes open med 2x2 past maturity - - - - Bulk

257410 Gifu16 2016Gifu16-2 31 30-Oct


weedy Hatotani, Shirakawa, Ohno, Gifu N36-16-21 E136-54-9 521 fallow field bushes open med 2x2 past maturity - - - - Bulk

257411 Gifu16 2016Gifu16-3 31 30-Oct


weedy Hatotani, Shirakawa, Ohno, Gifu N36-16-21 E136-54-9 521 fallow field bushes open med 2x2 past maturity - - - - Bulk

257412 Gifu17 2016Gifu17-1 35 30-Oct


wild Ohshima, Shiratori, Gujo, Gifu N35-51-7 E136-51-54 339 paddy field cultivated open med 5x10 mature - - - - Bulk

257413 Gifu18 2016Gifu18-1 36 30-Oct


wild Arisaka, Hachiman, Gujo, Gifu N35-45-52 E136-56-19 227 riverbank bushes open med 5x50 past maturity - - - - Bulk

257414 Gifu19 2016Gifu19-1 37 30-Oct


wild Miyaji, Wara, Gujo, Gifu N35-44-26 E137-4-22 375 riverbank bushes light med 2x20 past maturity - - - - Bulk

257415 Gifu19 2016Gifu19-2 37 30-Oct


weedy Miyaji, Wara, Gujo, Gifu N35-44-26 E137-4-22 375 riverbank bushes light med 2x5 past maturity - - - - Bulk

257416 Gifu20 2016Gifu20-1 38 30-Oct


weedy Hoido, Gero, Gifu N35-44-38 E137-12-29 296 riverbank grassland open med 2x2 mature - - - - Bulk

257417 Gifu21 2016Gifu21-1 39 31-Oct


wild Churo, Hagiwara, Gero, Gifu N35-50-40 E137-13-43 387 paddy field cultivated open med 2x2 mature - - - - Bulk

257418 Gifu21 2016Gifu21-2 39 31-Oct


weedy Churo, Hagiwara, Gero, Gifu N35-50-40 E137-13-43 387 paddy field cultivated open med 2x2 mature - - - - Bulk

257419 Gifu22 2016Gifu22-1 40 31-Oct


wild Shimi, Hagiwara, Gero, Gifu N35-55-43 E137-13-23 469 orchard cultivated open high 1x1 mature - - - - Bulk

257420 Gifu23 2016Gifu23-1 44 31-Oct


weedy Nakano, Furukawa, Hida, Gifu N36-14-58 E137-9-46 483 paddy field cultivated open med 5x20 mature - - - - Bulk

257421 Gifu24 2016Gifu24-1 45 31-Oct


weedy Fusegata, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu N36-18-38 E137-14-58 732 paddy field cultivated open med 1x1 mature - - - - Bulk


Glycine soja wild Nunoshiri, Toyama, Toyama N36-31-32 E137-13-50 153 road grassland open med 20x30 past maturity - - - - Bulk


- 57 -

Fig. 1. Collection sites on a road map (left) and on an elevation map (right). Red circles indicate where we found wild azuki bean or wild soybean, while blue circles indicate where neither species was found. The numbers correspond to the collection sites indicated in Table 3. Both maps were provided by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan.

No seeds collected

Geospatial InformationAuthority of Japan


- 59 -

Fig. 2. Surveyed sites for wild azuki bean during 2015-2016. The red and blue circles indicate where we did and did not find wild azuki bean, respectively. The map was provided by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan.

Photo 1. Noto14 (No. 9 in Fig. 1). A wild soybean population found on a riverbed.

Altitude4000 m

2000 m

1000 m

300 m 100 m

0 m

Altitude�4000 m

2000 m

1000 m

300 m 100 m

0 m


Altitude

- 61 -- 61 -

〔植探報 Vol. 33: 61-73, 2017〕原著論文

近畿地方におけるオギ遺伝資源の探索・収集

眞田康治・田村健一 *・秋山征夫

農研機構　北海道農業研究センター・作物開発研究領域* 現：農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局

Survey and Collection of Miscanthus sacchariflorus in the Kinki Region

Yasuharu SANADA, Ken-ichi TAMURA*, Yukio AKIYAMA

Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Hitsujigaoka 1, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan.

* Present address: Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-2-1, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8950, Japan.

Communicated by N. TOMOOKA (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received May 26, 2017, Accepted Jul. 12, 2017Corresponding author: Y. SANADA (e-mail: [email protected])

Summary

To obtain breeding materials for biomass production, genetic resources of Miscanthus sacchariflorus were searched and collected along main rivers in the Kinki Region in November 2016. A total of 15 clones was collected in Hyogo, Kyoto, and Osaka, where natural M. sacchariflorus populations were found at riversides and riverbeds.

KEY WORDS: Biomass, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Kinki Region

摘要　2016 年 11 月に近畿地方の主要河川において，バイオマス利用を目的とする植物の育種素材としてオギ（Miscanthus sacchariflorus）遺伝資源の探索収集を行った．兵庫，京都，大阪の各府県において，合計 15 点を収集し，いずれも河川敷や川沿いにおいて自生集団が認められた．

キーワード：バイオマス，オギ，近畿地方

- 62 -- 62 -

目的　わが国は，COP21 に向けて提出した「日本の約束草案」の中で，国内の排出削減・吸収量の確保により，温室効果ガス排出量を 2030 年度に 2013 年度比マイナス 26.0 %（2005 年度比マイナス 25.4 %）の水準とすることを，温室効果ガス排出量の中期削減目標としている．再生可能エネルギーは，温室効果ガスを排出しないことから，地球温暖化対策には利用拡大が不可欠である．2030 年度における国内の電源構成は，再生可能エネルギー全体で総発電量の 22 ～ 24 %

程度を想定しており，その中でバイオマスは総発電量の 3.7 ～ 4.6 % 程度を想定している（環境省 2016）．2016 年 12 月に北海道紋別市において，国内最大級のバイオマス発電所（50 MW）が稼働を始め，その他にも各地で大型のバイオマス発電所の建設が予定されている．国内の大型バイオマス発電所では，木質バイオマスを主燃料としているが，それに加えて輸入 PKS（Palm Kernel Shell : パーム椰子の実の殻）を混焼する場合が多い．輸入 PKS は，需要の増加から価格が上昇傾向にあり（経済産業省 2016），燃料の安定供給のためには国産バイオマス燃料の比率を増やす必要がある．　バイオマス燃料は，現在は木質系が主体であるが，ヨーロッパでは草本系バイオマス燃料も利用されており，そのうちススキ（Miscanthus）属はヨーロッパ全体で約 20,000 ha 作付けされている（Lewandowski et al. 2016）．バイオマス燃料は，発電所のような大型の施設だけでなく，公共施設や家庭用など小型のボイラーにも利用が見込まれる．わが国においては，318 地区がバイオマスタウンとして指定されており，今後バイオマスボイラーの利用が増えると予想され，木質系だけでなく毎年収穫が可能で持続的生産性の高い草本系バイオマスの需要増加が見込まれる．　海外で研究と利用が進んでいる草本系バイオマスのジャイアントミスカンサス（M. x ginanteus，三倍体）は，オギ（M. sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Franch.，四倍体）とススキ（M. sinensis Andersson，二倍体）との種間雑種で，現在利用されている系統「Illinois」は戦前に国内から持ち出された１遺伝子型を株分けにより増殖したものである．「Illinois」は，ヨーロッパやアメリカの各地で栽培試験が行われ，バイオマス生産性が高いことが報告されている（Lewandowski et al. 2000）．　ジャイアントミスカンサスなどススキ属三倍体雑種（以下，三倍体雑種）は，不稔であるため増殖は株分けによる栄養繁殖になることから，増殖率が低く苗の増殖にコストがかかるという欠点がある．一方，わが国では各地でススキやオギが自生しているが，三倍体雑種は花粉稔性が低いため，在来ススキ属集団との交雑や種子の飛散による雑草化の可能性が低く，わが国での栽培において生態系への影響が少ないという利点がある．したがって，増殖コストの問題があるものの，生態系への影響を回避するために，三倍体雑種を利用することが当面は望ましい．　「Illinois」は，ドイツ（Clifton-Brown and Lewandowski 2000）やカナダ（Peixoto et al. 2015）および北海道（眞田ら 2017）において，耐凍性がススキやオギより劣ることが報告されている．また，北海道内の各地において「Illinois」の適応性を評価したところ，札幌と十勝地方の芽室では移植3 年目に 1 株当たり約 1 ～ 2 kg（乾物）の収量が得られたが，道北の浜頓別と下川，道東の中標津では生育不良のため十分な収量が得られなかった（奥村ら 2016）．これらのことから，道東や道北で三倍体雑種を安定栽培するためには，耐寒性を向上させた系統を育成する必要がある．北海道在来のオギおよびススキは「Illinois」より耐凍性に優れており（眞田ら 2017），北海道に適応した三倍体雑種系統を育成するための育種素材として有望である．しかし，北海道のススキ属は本州のススキに比べてバイオマス生産性が低いことが知られており（Anzoua et al. 2015），バイオマス生産性の高い三倍体雑種を育成するためには，耐寒性に優れる北海道在来のオギまたはススキとバイオマス生産性の高い本州のススキ（Anzoua et al. 2015）またはオギ（小路ら 2005）

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との交雑が有効と考えられる．農研機構北海道農業研究センターでは，ジーンバンク事業により北海道と本州日本海側においてオギ遺伝資源の探索収集を実施し（眞田ら 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016a），栄養体として保存するとともに，ススキ属雑種育成の育種素材として活用を進めている

（眞田ら 2016b）．　近畿地方は，日本海側において冬季に積雪があり，この地域に自生するオギは耐雪性の素材として利用できる可能性がある．また，近畿地方のオギは，北海道のオギより大型でバイオマス生産性が高いことが予測される．本研究では，三倍体雑種育成の育種素材を見出すために，近畿地方においてオギ遺伝資源の探索収集を実施するとともに，自生地の植生等の生育環境についても調査を行った．　調査方法　近畿地方におけるオギの探索収集は，2016 年 11 月 14 ～ 16 日に実施した．兵庫県南部から探索を開始し，京都府北部および兵庫県北部を中心に各地の主要な河川において探索収集した．近畿地方では，山下ら（2011）が一部でオギの探索収集を行っており，今回は山下らの未探索地において，収集を行った．環境省植生図（環境省 2017）に示されたオギの自生地を参考にして予め収集地域を決めておき，さらに Google Map のストリートビュー機能を利用し現地の生育環境を確認することによって，事前に収集地点を特定してから探索を行った．収集予定地周辺では，主に穂と草型を目安に目視により探索した．Miscanthus 属植物の自生集団を発見した際には，地下茎と腋芽を有し，穂に芒が無いことにより，オギであることを確認した．収集地点では，緯度・経度および標高，草丈など形態的特性，群落の面積，植生など周辺の生育環境などを記録した．緯度・経度および標高は，GPS 受信機（Garmin 社 GPSMAP62SJ）により計測した．収集は，各自生地において数本の地下茎を含む栄養体を堀り上げることにより行った．出穂していたものについては，一地点当たり 3 本以上の穂も採取した．遺伝資源の系統名は，河川沿いで収集した場合は河川名を，道路沿いおよび同一河川の複数個所で収集した場合は地名を付した．

調査結果　近畿地方において収集したオギ遺伝資源を Table 1 に示し，それらの収集地点を Fig. 1 に示した．　 1 日目（2016 年 11 月 14 日）は，神戸空港から移動し，篠山市の篠山川の高水敷（高水時のみ流水が流れる部分）で収集した（No. K1）．この付近の河川敷はヨシが優占しており，その中に小さなオギ群落が点在していた．オギ集団の周辺には，ススキも自生していた．この収集地点は標高 218 m で，今回の探索収集において最も標高が高かった．東へ移動し京都府内へ入り，南丹市において桂川と支流が合流する地点で収集した（No. K2，写真 1）．そこから北上し，日本海へ流れ込む綾部市の由良川高水敷で収集した（No. K3，写真 2）．河川敷は，幅約 50 m で河畔林が点在し，低水路（常時水が流れている部分）に近い場所でオギの自生がみられた．他の収集地点では，オギはほとんど黄化していたが，この集団はまだ緑度を保っていた．ここから西へ移動し兵庫県丹波市へ入り，由良川支流の竹田川低水路に大きな集団を見出し，収集した（No. K4）．丘陵を越えて，瀬戸内海へ流れ込む加古川の低水路で収集した（No. K5）．この付近は，クズを主体とする雑草が群生しており，その中に 10 m2 程度の小さなオギ集団が点在していた．　 2 日目（11 月 15 日）は，京都府舞鶴市から探索を開始した．日本海沿いに移動し，与謝野町郊外の野田川堤防敷で収集した（No. K6）．内陸部へ移動し，京丹後市の竹野川堤防敷で収集した（No. K7）．この集団は，草丈約 180 cm で他の集団に比べて低く出穂がみられなかったことから，定期的に刈り払われていると推察された．西へ移動し，久美浜湾付近を探索したが，ススキ

- 64 -- 64 -

が多くオギは見出せなかった．兵庫県豊岡市へ入り，円山川河口近くの高水敷において，草丈約320 cm の大型のオギを収集した（No. K8，写真 3）．周辺には，大規模なオギ集団が広がっており，目視では草丈約 300 cm の大型個体であった．さらに西へ移動し，香美町香住区の矢田川河口周辺を探索したが，オギは見出せなかった．矢田川沿いに山間部へ移動し，河川周辺の数カ所を探索したが，すべてススキの自生であった．矢田川上流の香美町村岡区の標高約 400 m 付近まで探索したが，オギは見出せなかった．南へ移動し，円山川中流の養父市において大規模なオギ集団が各地で見られ，河川敷で収集した（No. K9，写真 4）．この付近は，河道が幅数百ｍありオギの生育に適した湿潤な広い高水敷が広がっていた．瀬戸内海側へ南下し，福崎町の市川中州で収集した（No. K10）．市川では，この地点より 20 km ほど上流から，河道にオギの大規模な集団が点在していた．この収集地点では，オギは収集の直前に刈り倒されており，刈り残された部分から収集した．ここから西へ移動し，宍粟市山崎町の揖保川の高水敷で収集した（No. K11）．この地点の周辺でも大規模なオギ集団が点在していた．　 3 日目（11 月 16 日）は，兵庫県西部から探索を開始し，赤穂市の千種川の高水敷で収集した

（No. K12，写真 5）．この地点の周辺でも大規模なオギ集団が点在していた．東へ移動し，小野市の加古川と支流の合流点付近で収集した（No. K13）．周辺は，河川改修が進み堤防敷が整備され，

Fig. 1. Collection sites of Miscanthus sacchariflorus in Kinki region

No. K8

No. K9

No. K4No. K5

No. K1

20 km

No. K7No. K6

No. K3

No. K11No. K10

No. K2

CraftMAP (http://www.craftmap.box-i.net/)

No. K12

No. K13

京都府

大阪府

兵庫県

No. K14

No. K15

Collection sites and collection number in Kinki region ● .図 1．近畿地方におけるオギの収集地点　　近畿地方おける収集地点と収集番号（●）

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河川敷は刈り取り管理されており，その周辺の雑草地にオギ集団がみられた．東へ移動し，滋賀県南部の野洲川付近で探索収集する予定であったが，交通渋滞のため断念し京都府南部で探索した．京田辺市の木津川河川敷において，ヨシやセイタカアワダチソウと混生するオギ集団を収集した（No. K14）．大阪府へ移動し，枚方市の淀川河川公園の雑草地で収集した（No. K15，写真 6）．淀川には，公園や運動場などが整備された広大な河川敷が続いており，公園の周辺にオギやヨシの群落が残されていた．京都と大阪の府境付近の丘陵地では，空き地や水路沿いにオギの自生が各所でみられた．　兵庫，京都，大阪の各府県で合計 15 点を収集し，いずれも各県を代表する河川において自生集団がみられた．河川の中流から下流域に自生集団が多くみられ，上流の山間地では自生集団は見出せなかった．また，各河川において約 100 m2 以上のオギが優占する自生集団がみられ，稈径が 1 cm 程度の大型の個体が多かった．

考察　近畿地方では，各地で河川改修が進められており，主要河川はコンクリートの護岸が整備され，河川敷は定期的に刈り取り管理されていた．オギの自生地は，管理されていない部分の雑草地や河畔林の周辺，河川の中州などが中心であった．事前に環境省植生図によってオギの自生地を特定して探索を行ったが，綾部市の由良川（No. K3）や京丹後市の竹野川（No. K7）では，実際のオギ群落は植生図で示された群落より小さかった．これらの群落は，河川工事や定期的な刈り取り管理によって縮小したと推察され，オギの自生地の減少が懸念される．京都府では，オギやヨシ群落の中に生息するカヤネズミの保護活動が行われており，河川改修により生息地のオギ群落が消失したため，桂川においてオギの地下茎移植による植生回復が試みられている（畠・八木 2015）．　与謝野町の野田川（No. K6）や養父市の円山川（No. K9）のような管理されていない場所では，約 1,000 m2 以上の大規模なオギの純群落が点在していた．北海道や東北，北陸では，ヨシなどと混生する場合が多かったが（眞田ら 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016a），近畿地方ではオギが優占する集団が多かった．北海道では，路傍など湿潤ではない場所でも自生がみられたが，今回の収集地点はいずれも湿潤な場所であった．オギの生育に適した湿潤な環境条件では，旺盛に繁殖し他草種との競合にも強いことが示唆された．また，新潟県と長野県および北陸地方では標高 500 m 以上の山間地でも自生が見られたが（眞田ら 2015, 2016a），近畿地方では標高 300 m 以上では自生は見出せなかった．オギは平野部の河川の高水敷に自生するとされているが（沼田・岩瀬 1975），近畿地方でのオギの生育環境は一般に知られている条件と同様であった．全国的に見たオギの分布に関しては，生育地の気象条件との関係が示唆されることから，今後調査が必要と考えられた．　近畿地方日本海側の兵庫県豊岡市では，冬季の最深積雪が平年値で 54 cm，降雪量が 312 cm（気象庁アメダスデータ）に達することから，この地域の自生集団（No. K8）は一定程度の耐雪性を有すると考えられる．豊岡市の集団は，草丈約 320 cm，稈径が約 1 cm の大型であるためバイオマス生産性が高いことが期待され，寒地向け三倍体雑種育成の素材として有望である．一方，さらに積雪の多い兵庫県の山間地を探索したが，オギの自生は見出せなかった．この地域は，河川上流部であるため川幅が狭く周辺に棚田が広がっており，オギの生育に適した沖積土の河川敷のような場所がないことから，自生が少ないと考えられる．ただし，今回は各地域の山間地を詳細に探索していないので，今後の調査によってオギの自生が見出される可能性がある．　ススキにおいては，札幌における調査では中部地方や四国地方から収集した系統のバイオマス生産性が高く，バイオマス生産性は草丈や茎数との正の相関があることが明らかとなっている

- 66 -- 66 -

（Anzoua et al. 2015）．オギについては，全国各地から収集した系統のバイオマス生産性を比較した結果がないため，今後調査が必要である．近畿地方のオギは，収集地点での観察では草丈 250 cm 前後の系統が多く，東北から北陸地方におけるオギ収集時に調査した草丈と大差はなかったが，稈径は 1 cm 前後の太茎タイプが多かった．今後は，これらの収集集団については，形態的特性を中心に特性評価を進め，有望系統についてはバイオマス生産性を評価して，高バイオマス三倍体雑種育成の育種素材とする．

謝辞　農研機構北海道農業研究センター技術支援センター業務 2 科の武市利幸氏には探索・収集にご協力いただいた．謹んで感謝の意を表します．

引用文献Anzoua KG, Suzuki K, Fujita S, Toma Y, Yamada T (2015) Evaluation of morphological traits, winter

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Clifton-Brown JC, Lewandowski I (2000) Overwintering problems of newly established Miscanthus plantations can be overcome by identifying genotypes with improved rhizome cold tolerance. New Phytol 148: 287-294.

畠佐代子・八木義博（2015）カヤネズミの生息地でのオギ原復元の試み－桂川河川改修工事における自然保護団体と行政との協働実践－．日本生態学会第 62 回全国大会講演要旨 : A2-29.

[http://www.esj.ne.jp/meeting/abst/62/A2-29.html]，［2017 年 4 月 10 日参照］．環境省（2016）平成 28 年版環境・循環型社会・生物多様性白書．環境省，東京， p. 383. [http://www.env.go.jp/policy/hakusyo/h28/pdf.html]，［2017 年 4 月 10 日参照］．環境省（2017）自然環境保全基礎調査．植生調査（植生自然度調査）．環境省自然環境局生物多

様性センター，山梨． [http://gis.biodic.go.jp/webgis/index.html]，［2017 年 4 月 10 日参照］．経済産業省（2016）平成 27 年度新エネルギー等導入促進基礎調査（持続可能なバイオマス発電

のあり方に係る調査）報告書．資源エネルギー庁，東京，p. 118. [http://www.meti.go.jp/meti_lib/report/2016fy/000971.pdf]，［2017 年 4 月 10 日参照］．Lewandowski I., Clifton-Brown JC, Scurlock JMO, Huisman W (2000) Miscanthus: European experience

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Anisimov A, Chen CL, Dolstra O, Donnison IS, Farrar K, Fonteyne S, Harding G, Hastings A, Huxley LM, Iqbal Y, Khokhlov N, Kiesel A, Lootens P, Meyer H, Mos M, Muylle H, Nunn C, Özgüven M, Roldán-Ruiz I, Schüle H, Tarakanov I, van der Weijde T, Wagner M, Xi Q, Kalinina O (2016) Progress on optimizing Miscanthus biomass production for the European bioeconomy: Results of the EUFP7 project OPTIMISC. Front Plant Sci 7: 1-23.

沼田真・岩瀬徹（1975）水辺の群落．“ 図説日本の植生 ”．朝倉書店，東京，pp. 72-73．奥村健治・眞田康治・小路敦・田村健一・吉澤晃・佐藤公一・牧野司・松本武彦（2016）北海道

におけるジャイアントミスカンサスの地域適応性．日草誌 62 ( 別 ): 19.Peixoto MM, Friesen PC, Sage RF (2015) Winter cold-tolerance thresholds in field-grown Miscanthus

hybrid rhizomes. J Exp Bot 66: 4415-4425.

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眞田康治・小路敦・田村健一・奥村健治（2012）北海道におけるオギ遺伝資源の探索・収集．植探報 28: 113-123.

眞田康治・小路敦・田村健一・奥村健治（2013）北海道と青森におけるオギ遺伝資源の探索・収集．植探報 29: 83-97.

眞田康治・小路敦・田村健一・奥村健治（2014）北海道と山形県におけるオギ遺伝資源の探索・収集．植探報 30: 81-91.

眞田康治・小路敦・田村健一・奥村健治（2015）新潟県と長野県におけるオギ遺伝資源の探索・収集．植探報 31: 61-71.

眞田康治・小路敦・田村健一・奥村健治（2016a）北陸地方におけるオギ遺伝資源の探索・収集．植探報 32: 66-77.

眞田康治・小路敦・田村健一・奥村健治（2016b）人為交配により作出したオギとススキとの種間雑種の特性．日草誌 62 ( 別 ): 129.

眞田康治・小路敦・田村健一・奥村健治（2017）寒地向け雑種系統の育成に向けたススキ属の耐凍性評価．日草誌 63 ( 別 ): 147.

小路敦・平野清・中西雄二（2005）在来イネ科植物オギ（Miscanthus sacchariflorus）の生産特性と利用可能性．九農研 67: 117.

山下浩・我有満・上床修弘・高井智之 (2011) 近畿・中国・四国地域におけるススキ属自生株の探索と収集．植探報 27: 69-75.

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JP 番号

収集番号系統名収集日採取組織府県名

収集地点緯度（北緯）

経度（東経）

標高 (m)

収集地帯の地形

収集地点の地形

生育環境植生土壌の状況

草丈 (cm)

生育ステージ

群落の大きさ

(m2)

特徴 1) 備考

258196 NARCH-OGI-K1 篠山川 2016/11/14 栄養体および穂兵庫兵庫県篠山市般若寺

35.073 135.262 218 平坦地平坦地篠山川河川敷ヨシ，ススキ、オギ湿潤 220 出穂（黄化） 100 太茎県道 305 号下，ヨシと混生，ススキもあり

258197 NARCH-OGI-K2 桂川 2016/11/14 栄養体および穂京都京都府南丹市八木町

35.074 135.536 103 平坦地平坦地桂川河畔オギ湿潤 200 出穂（黄化） 200 太茎八木運動公園芝地の川沿い

258198 NARCH-OGI-K3 由良川 2016/11/14 栄養体および穂京都京都府綾部市位田町

35.313 135.246 34 平坦地平坦地由良川河川敷オギ，灌木湿潤 230 出穂（やや黄化）

10 太茎付近にオギ群落が点在，緑度あり

258199 NARCH-OGI-K4 竹田川 2016/11/14 栄養体および穂兵庫兵庫県丹波市市島町

35.231 135.135 57 平坦地平坦地竹田川河畔オギ，ヨシ湿潤 250 出穂（黄化） 500 太茎倉崎橋下の河畔

258200 NARCH-OGI-K5 氷上 2016/11/14 栄養体および穂兵庫兵庫県丹波市氷上町

35.187 135.040 99 平坦地傾斜地加古川河畔（中流）

オギ，クズ湿潤 250 出穂（黄化前）

10 太茎加古川中流部，付近にオギ群落が点在

258201 NARCH-OGI-K6 野田川 2016/11/15 栄養体および穂京都京都府与謝郡与謝野町

35.546 135.133 11 平坦地平坦地野田川河畔オギ，つる性植物湿潤 250 出穂（黄化） 1,000 太茎川沿いの大規模なオギ群落，付近にもあり

258202 NARCH-OGI-K7 竹野川 2016/11/15 栄養体京都京都府京丹後市峰山町

35.607 135.079 30 平坦地平坦地竹野川堤防道路

オギ，クズ湿潤 180 未出穂 20 細茎刈られている？，緑度あり

258203 NARCH-OGI-K8 豊岡 2016/11/15 栄養体および穂兵庫兵庫県豊岡市立野

35.542 134.832 2 平坦地平坦地円山川河川敷（下流）

オギ，灌木湿潤 320 出穂（黄化） 300 太茎川沿いに大規模なオギ群落が広がる

258204 NARCH-OGI-K9 養父 2016/11/15 栄養体および穂兵庫兵庫県養父市養父市場

35.384 134.814 50 平坦地平坦地円山川河川敷（中流）

オギ湿潤 220 出穂（黄化） 1,000 太茎川沿いに大規模なオギ群落が点在

258205 NARCH-OGI-K10 市川 2016/11/15 栄養体および穂兵庫兵庫県福崎町馬田

34.958 134.758 64 平坦地平坦地市川中州オギ湿潤 200 出穂（黄化） 100 やや太茎

刈り払い済み，福崎町市川河川公園に隣接

258206 NARCH-OGI-K11 揖保川 2016/11/15 栄養体および穂兵庫兵庫県宍粟市山崎町

35.020 134.554 104 平坦地平坦地揖保川河川敷オギ湿潤 200 出穂（黄化） 100 太茎付近に大きなオギ群落あり

258207 NARCH-OGI-K12 千種川 2016/11/16 栄養体および穂兵庫兵庫県赤穂市有年楢原

34.848 134.379 17 平坦地平坦地千種川河川敷オギ湿潤 180 出穂（黄化） 10 太茎付近に大きなオギ群落あり

258208 NARCH-OGI-K13 小野 2016/11/16 栄養体および穂兵庫兵庫県小野市大島町

34.829 134.931 20 平坦地平坦地加古川河川敷（下流）

ヨシ，オギ湿潤 250 出穂（黄化） 10 太茎付近にオギ群落が点在

258209 NARCH-OGI-K14 木津川 2016/11/16 栄養体および穂京都京都府木津川市山城町

34.770 135.806 31 平坦地平坦地木津川河川敷ヨシ，セイタカアワダチソウ，オギ

湿潤 250 出穂（黄化） 10 太茎ヨシと混生

258210 NARCH-OGI-K15 淀川 2016/11/16 栄養体および穂大阪大阪府枚方市伊加賀西町

34.812 135.630 6 平坦地平坦地淀川河川敷オギ，セイタカアワダチソウ湿潤 250 出穂（黄化） 100 太茎淀川河川公園付近のオギ群落

Table 1. List of Miscanthus sacchariflorus collected in Kinki region

表 1．近畿地方におけるオギの収集リスト

1) 自生地での観察において，稈径が 1 cm 前後を太茎，5 mm 前後を細茎とした．

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Photo 1. M. sacchariflorus collected in Nantan City, Kyoto Prefecture (Col. No. K2, Katsuragawa River, altitude 103m).写真 1．京都府南丹市で収集したオギ（収集番号 K2，桂川，標高 103m）

Photo 2. M. sacchariflorus collected in Ayabe City, Kyoto Prefecture (Col. No. K3, Yuragawa River, altitude 34 m).写真 2．京都府綾部市で収集したオギ（収集番号 K3，由良川，標高 34 m）

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Photo 4. M. sacchariflorus collected in Yabu City, Hyogo Prefecture (Col. No. K9, Yabu, altitude 50 m).写真 4．兵庫県養父市で収集したオギ（収集番号 K9，養父，標高 50 m）

Photo 3. M. sacchariflorus collected in Toyooka City, Hyogo Prefecture (Col. No. K8, Toyooka, altitude 2 m).写真 3．兵庫県豊岡市で収集したオギ（収集番号 K8，豊岡，標高 2 m）

- 73 -- 73 -

Photo 6. M. sacchariflorus collected in Hirakata City, Osaka Prefecture (Col. No. K15, Yodogawa River, altitude 6 m).写真 6．大阪府枚方市で収集したオギ（収集番号 K15，淀川，標高 6 m）

Photo 5. M. sacchariflorus collected in Akou City, Hyogo Prefecture (Col. No. K12, Chikusagawa River, altitude 17 m).写真 5．兵庫県赤穂市で収集したオギ（収集番号 K12，千種川，標高 17 m）

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〔植探報 Vol. 33: 75-87, 2017〕原著論文

鹿児島県姶良地域におけるサトウキビ野生種（ワセオバナ）の探索および収集

境垣内岳雄 1)・竹牟禮穣 2)・追立祐治 1)・早野美智子 1)・岡田吉弘 3)・谷口綾麻 4)

1) 農研機構九州沖縄農業研究センター種子島研究拠点2) 鹿児島県農業開発総合センター大隅支場3) 農研機構九州沖縄農業研究センター糸満駐在4) 鹿児島大学農学部

Exploration and Collection of Sugarcane Wild Species (Saccharum spontaneum L.) in the Aira Area of

Kagoshima Prefecture

Takeo SAKAIGAICHI 1), Minoru TAKEMURE 2), Yuji OITATE 1), Michiko HAYANO 1), Yoshihiro OKADA 3), Ryoma TANIGUCHI 4)

1) Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Tanegashima Breeding Site, Anno 1742-1, Nishinoomote, Kagoshima 891-3102, Japan

2) Kagoshima Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Hosoyamada 4938, Kanoya, Kagoshima 893-1601, Japan

3) Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Itoman Resident Office, Makabe 820, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan

4) Kagoshima University, Faculty of Agriculture, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan

Communicated by K. EBANA (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received Feb 9, 2018, Accepted Feb 15, 2018Corresponding author: T. SAKAIGAICHI (e-mail: [email protected])

Summary

The exploration for collecting sugarcane wild species, Saccharum spontaneum L., in the Aira area of Kagoshima Prefecture was carried out in order to expand genetic resources of mainland Kyushu on

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5th October in 2016. In this exploration, seven accessions were collected from roadside, riverside, and reclaimed land.

KEY WORDS: Aira area, Kagoshima Prefecture, sugarcane, wild species, Saccharum spontaneum

摘要　2016 年 10 月 5 日に九州本土におけるサトウキビ遺伝資源の拡充を目的として，鹿児島県姶良地域においてサトウキビ野生種（Saccharum spontaneum L.）の探索および収集を行った．この探索において，道路沿いの空き地，川沿いの土手および干拓地から 7 点のサトウキビ野生種を収集した．

キーワード：姶良地域，鹿児島県，サトウキビ，野生種，Saccharum spontaneum

１．目的　現在の製糖用サトウキビ（Saccharum spp. hybrid）は，栽培起源種である高貴種（Saccharum officinarum）と近縁種属植物の交雑により成立している（Daniels and Roach 1987）．近縁種属植物のうち，特に，サトウキビ野生種（Saccharum spontaneum, 和名：ワセオバナ，以下，野生種）は耐病性や不良環境耐性を付与するための重要な育種素材として広く利用されてきた．一方で，Rao et al. （1973）で示されるように，野生種は一般的に高貴種と比較して糖度が低いため，野生種との種間雑種系統は “ 高貴化 ” と呼ばれる，糖度の高い品種・系統との交雑を繰り返して，製糖利用に十分な糖度まで高めるプロセスが必要となる（Bremer 1961）．　高貴化のプロセスを短くするための一つのアイデアとして，糖度の高い野生種を見い出し，育種素材として利用することが挙げられる．野生種はインド北部が起源とされており，南アジア，東南アジアを中心に熱帯・亜熱帯地域から温帯まで広く分布している（Panje and Babu 1960）．我が国でも永冨ら（1984）をはじめとする野生種の探索・収集が行われ，現在では南西諸島を中心に九州から本州の太平洋沿岸に自生する野生種が遺伝資源として保存されている。また，境垣内ら（2015）では SSR マーカーによる国内野生種の解析の結果，南西諸島の野生種群ならびに九州本土・本州の野生種群に分類できることを示している．　糖度の高い国内野生種に関する先行研究として，Nagatomi and Degi（2007）は関東の野生種は自生地での Brix が高いこと，また，Sakaigaichi et al. （2016）は，同一圃場において南西諸島の野生種群と関東・東海の野生種群を比較して，関東・東海の野生種群は Brix の中央値が有意に高いことを明らかにした．このことから，九州・四国・本州の野生種には Brix が高いものが多く，これらの利用促進を図ることが，高貴化のプロセスが短い種間交雑育種の構築のための一つの展開方向と考えられる．　しかしながら，南西諸島の野生種と比較して九州・四国・本州の野生種は保存点数が少なく，特に，収集点数が少ない九州・四国では新たな遺伝資源の探索・収集が必要である．このうち鹿児島本土では，松岡ら（2004）をはじめとして，佐藤ら（2005），服部ら（2012）が野生種を探索・収集しているが，九州沖縄農業研究センター種子島研究拠点での保存は JW781（鹿児島県枕崎市収集）のわずか 1 点である．著者の竹牟禮の事前探索に加えて，鹿児島県農業開発総合センターの佐藤光徳氏から，既知の収集地以外にも鹿児島県姶良地域には複数の野生種自生地が存在するとの情報を受けたため，野生種の探索・収集を行った．以下，この結果を報告する．

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２．探索・収集の方法　探索は 2016 年 10 月 5 日に鹿児島県姶良地域で実施した．移動は乗用車で行い，乗用車が進入できない地点では徒歩により探索した．経路は著者らが事前に確認している地点を通るように設定した．通常，探索では出穂茎を目印とするが，鹿児島本土の野生種の出穂は 7 ～ 8 月とされるため（佐藤ら 2005），花が散った後の穂軸ならびに茎に着生する芽子に着目して探索を行った．なお，同一栄養体の収集を避けるため半径 500m 以内にある野生種は収集しなかった．野生種の収集は栄養体の茎で行い，九州沖縄農業研究センター種子島研究拠点で保存している．

３．探索・収集結果　今回の探索では 8 カ所で野生種を発見し，このうち 7 点を収集した．収集地点を Fig. 1 と Table 1，また，自生地の状況を Photo1 から 8 に示す．収集した野生種 7 点は JW 788 から JW794 の名称ならびに JP 番号を付した．なお，すべての地点ともに収集以前に草刈りが行われており，本来の野生種の茎の長さや茎の搾汁液の Brix が把握できなかったため，通常実施する特性調査は行

Site Accession JP No. Species Location Latitude/ Longitude ConditionA JW 788 258254 S. spontaneum Higashimochida, Aira City N31-43-07/E130-38-15 Road sideB JW 789 258255 S. spontaneum Sanjittu-chou, Aira City N31-44-34/E130-36-46 River sideC JW 790 258256 S. spontaneum Kamou, Aira City N31-46-23/E130-33-08 River sideD JW 791 258257 S. spontaneum Ikeshima, Aira City N31-43-12/E130-36-48 River sideE JW 792 258258 S. spontaneum Kajiki, Aira City N31-43-28/E130-38-49 River sideF JW 793 258259 S. spontaneum Kajiki, Aira City N31-44-31/E130-39-30 Road sideG JW 794 258260 S. spontaneum Hayato, Kirishima City N31-43-07/E130-43-24 Reclaimed land

Table 1. List of sugarcane wild species collected in the Aira area of Kagoshima Prefecture 表 1. 鹿児島県姶良地域で収集したサトウキビ野生種のリスト

Fig. 1. The collection sites in Aira area. A to G indicate collection sites of JW 788 to JW 794, respectively.図 1. 姶良地域における収集地点． A から G はそれぞれ，JW 788 から JW 794 の収集地点を示す．

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なっていない．　収集地 A の姶良市東餅田松原は鹿児島県総合運転免許試験場の敷地外の道路沿いで，長さは50m 以上にわたる大きな群落であった（Photo 1，JW 788）．収集地 B は姶良市三拾町の別府川の土手であり，200m 以上にわたる非常に大きな群落であった（Photo 2，JW 789）．収集地 C は姶良市蒲生町白男の前之郷川沿いの土手であり，長さ 5m 程度の小さな群落であった（Photo 3，JW 790）．この収集地 C は鹿児島湾を 5km 以上遡った山間地であり，一般的に野生種が発見される河口付近といった地理的条件とは大きく異なっていた．収集地 D は姶良市池島町の思川沿いの土手であり，長さ 5m 程度の小さな群落であった（Photo 4，JW 791）．収集地 E は姶良市加治木町須崎の道路沿いの空き地であり，長さ 20m 程度の群落であった（Photo5 ，JW 792）．収集地 F は姶良市加治木町反土の網掛川沿いの土手であり，長さ 10m 程度の群落であった（Photo 6，JW 793）．収集地 G は霧島市隼人町真孝の海沿いの干拓地であり，長さ 100m 以上の大きな群落であった（Photo 7，JW 794）．また，立ち入りができず収集を行わなかったが，姶良市の JR 帖佐駅のホームにも野生種が自生しており，通常，収集で目印とする出穂茎も確認した（Photo 8）．

４．所感　鹿児島県姶良地域の探索において，8 カ所で野生種の自生を確認し，このうち 7 点の野生種を収集した．姶良地域の南北 5km，東西 10km という狭い範囲での収集であったため，境垣内ら（2015）と同様の方法で，持ち帰った野生種の葉身から DNA を抽出して，SSR マーカーによる多型解析を実施した．この結果，いずれも異なるバンドパターンが認められており（データ略），7 点の野生種はいずれも同一栄養体ではないと判断している．　探索した 8 カ所の野生種自生地のいずれも，収集以前に草刈が行われていた．このため，当初，目的としていた姶良地域の野生種の Brix が高いか否かについて，収集時点では明らかにできなかった．この点については，今後，保存している九州沖縄農業研究センター種子島研究拠点での調査を通して解明する．一方で，自生地付近の草刈りが行われていない場所では，ススキなどの別の植物が優占種となっており，野生種は確認できなかった．草刈りという人間の関与があることにより，姶良地域で野生種の自生が維持されている可能性が示唆された．　収集で印象的であったのは収集地 C の JW 790 の自生地である．我が国では河口付近に野生種が自生している場合が多く，通常は河口付近を中心に探索を実施する．一方で，この収集地は河口から 5km 以上も遡った山間部であり，事前の情報がなければ探索の経路に設定しない場所である．このような場所に野生種が自生していたことは著者にとって大きな驚きであった．さらに，地点 C は山間部にあり冬には高い頻度で降霜害を受ける．これは沿岸にあり降霜が少ないと考えられる収集地 G の JW 794 の自生地と比較して，越冬環境は厳しい．今回は糖度が高い野生種を収集することを目的としたが，JW 790 は優れた越冬性を有している可能性がある．Hale et al.

（2014）はアメリカにおけるエネルギー用サトウキビ品種の育種素材として野生種に着目し，越冬性を想定した低温耐性のスクリーニングを実施している．JW 790 など収集した野生種について，糖度のみならず，低温耐性を強化する育種素材としての活用も期待される．

５．謝辞　野生種の探索・収集は，革新的技術開発・緊急展開事業（うち先導プロジェクト）「南西諸島のサトウキビ生産安定化に貢献する育種素材の開発」の一部として行った．また，鹿児島県農業開発総合センター徳之島支場の佐藤光徳室長ならびに鹿児島大学農学部熱帯作物学研究室の坂上潤一教授から，野生種の自生状況や収集方法についてご助言を頂いた．野生種の DNA 解析では

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九州沖縄農業研究センター種子島研究拠点の竹井夏絵氏のご協力をいただいた．ここに記して謝意を表する．

６．引用文献Bremer G (1961). Problems in breeding and cytology of sugar cane. Euphytica 10: 59–78.Daniels J, Roach BT (1987). Taxonomy and evolution. In: Sugarcane improvement through breeding.

Heinz DJ (ed). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 7-84.Hale A, Viator R, Veremis J (2014). Identification of freeze tolerant Saccharum spontaneum accessions

through a pot-based study for use in sugarcane germplasm enhancement for adaptation to temperate climates. Biomass Bioenergy 61: 53–57.

服部太一朗・境垣内岳雄・松崎直哉・山下浩 (2012). 宮崎県北東部，大分県東部および鹿児島県薩摩半島南部の沿岸地域におけるサトウキビ野生種の探索と収集．植探報 28: 71-79.

松岡誠・佐藤光徳・小笠原篤 (2004). 南九州におけるサトウキビ野生種の探索収集．植探報 20: 39-43.

永富成紀・大城良計・仲宗根盛徳 (1984). 南西諸島におけるサトウキビ遺伝質の探索；第 1・2 次調査．沖縄農試研報 9: 1-27.

Nagatomi S, Degi K (2007). Collection and description of wild sugarcane species indigenous to Japan. In: Proceedings International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists 26: 745–749.

Panje RR, Babu CN (1960). Studies in Saccharum spontaneum distribution and geographical association of chromosome numbers. Cytologia 25: 152–172.

Rao KC, Lalitha E, Natarajan BV (1973). Juice quality and fiber in certain clones of Saccharum species and hybrid canes. Indian Sugar 22: 925–931.

境垣内岳雄・岡田吉弘・田中穣・樽本祐助・服部太一朗・早野美智子 (2015). SSR マーカーによる国内サトウキビ野生種の分類．日作記 84 （別 1）: 234.

Sakaigaichi T, Terajima Y, Matsuoka M, Terauchi T, Hattori T, Ishikawa S (2016). Evaluation of the juice brix of wild sugarcanes (Saccharum spontaneum) indigenous to Japan. Plant Prod Sci 19: 323-329.

佐藤光徳・野島秀伸・高木洋子 (2005)．鹿児島県大隅半島東岸，宮崎県南部におけるサトウキビ野生種の探索収集．植探報 21: 23-29.

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Photo 1. A habitat of S. spontaneum at Higashimochida, Aira city (JW 788) 写真 1．姶良市東餅田におけるサトウキビ野生種の自生状況（JW 788）

Photo 2. A habitat of S. spontaneum at Sanjittu-cho, Aira city (JW 789)写真 2．姶良市三拾町におけるサトウキビ野生種の自生状況（JW 789）

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Photo 3. A habitat of S. spontaneum at Kamou, Aira city (JW 790)写真 3．姶良市蒲生におけるサトウキビ野生種の自生状況（JW 790）

Photo 4. A habitat of S. spontaneum at Ikeshima, Aira city (JW 791)写真 4．姶良市池島におけるサトウキビ野生種の自生状況（JW 791）

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Photo 6. A habitat of S. spontaneum at Kajiki, Aira city (JW 793)写真 6．姶良市加治木におけるサトウキビ野生種の自生状況（JW 793）

Photo 5. A habitat of S. spontaneum at Kajiki, Aira city (JW 792)写真 5．姶良市加治木におけるサトウキビ野生種の自生状況（JW 792）

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Photo 8. A habitat of S. spontaneum at Chousa station, Aira city写真 8．姶良市帖佐駅におけるサトウキビ野生種の自生状況

Photo 7. A habitat of S. spontaneum at Hayato, Kirishima city (JW 794)写真 7．霧島市隼人におけるサトウキビ野生種の自生状況（JW 794）

Ⅱ．海外探索収集及び共同調査報告Exploratioin and Field Research in Foreign Countries

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Collaborative Exploration of Plant Genetic Resourcesin Vietnam, 2016

Yoichi KAWAZU 1), Masako KATO 2), TRAN Thi Thu Hoai 3),NGUYEN Van Kien 3)

1) National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Vegetable and Floricultural Science, Kusawa 360, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan

2) NARO, Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan3) Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science, Plant Resources Center, Ankhanh, Hoaiduc, Hanoi,

Vietnam

Communicated by K. EBANA (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received May 11, 2017, Accepted Aug. 20, 2017Corresponding author: Y. KAWAZU (e-mail: [email protected])

Summary

The National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) and the Plant Resources Center (PRC) of the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science conducted a collaborative exploration of plant genetic resources in Vietnam in 2016. The exploration was done within the framework of Plant Genetic Resources Asia (PGRAsia) project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan. The project started in 2014, and here we report the findings from the third year of collaborative exploration in Vietnam. In October 2016, we surveyed the Muong Lat district and the Ba Thuoc district of Thanh Hoa province, and the Con Cuong district of Nghe An province. A total of 77 accessions were collected. These included: 35 amaranths (Amaranthus ssp.), 22 pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata), 9 cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), 9 melons (Cucumis melo), 1 watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), and 1 sesame (Sesamum indicum). All accessions were stored as seeds at PRC, and subsets were transferred to the Genetic Resources Center, NARO.

KEY WORDS: Amaranth, Pumpkin, Cucumber, Melon, Genetic resource, Vietnam

IntroductionCollection of novel plant genetic resources is crucial for developing new crop varieties that show

desirable traits, such as resistance to pests or diseases, high quality, or high yield. In order to promote collection of plant genetic resources, a new research project started in 2014 - the Plant Genetic Resources Asia (PGRAsia) project -, which is funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan.

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The objective of this project is to characterize, evaluate, and utilize plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) through collaboration between Japan and other Asian countries, and to develop open databases for effective use of PGRFA. In this project NARO started collaborative research with Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia in 2014, and with Nepal and Myanmar in 2015. One of the research areas in Vietnam is to survey and collect plant genetic resources, such as cucurbitaceous plants and amaranths (Amaranthus ssp.). In the first survey, in 2014, 59 samples were collected: 33 Cucurbita moschata, 19 Cucumis sativus, and 7 Cucumis melo (Sugiyama et al. 2015). In the second survey, in 2015, 97 samples were collected: 10 Cucumis sativus, 30 Cucurbita moschata, 21 Amaranthus spp., 12 Capsicum spp., 9 Brassica spp., 5 Solanum spp., 4 Cucumis melo, 2 Luffa spp., 1 Momordica charantia, Lagenaria siceraria, Coriandrum sativum, and Trichosanthes cucumerina (Shimomura et al. 2016). Here, we report the results of our third survey. This time we surveyed the northcentral Vietnam (Thanh Hoa province and Nghe An province), and collected 77 samples.

MethodsA car (PRADO, TOYOTA Motor Corporation, Aichi, Japan) was used to travel the surveyed region

from October 3 to 14, 2016. We visited Thanh Hoa city, Muong Lat district, Ba Thuoc district of Thanh Hoa province, and Vinh city and Con Cuong district of Nghe An province (Table 1, Fig. 1). In Thanh Hoa province, we first visited the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) of Thanh Hoa province; then visited DARD of Muong Lat district and DARD of Ba Thuoc district. In Nghe An province, we first visited DARD of Nghe An province, and then visited DARD of Con Cuong district. In each district, we visited DARD, communes, then villages, and surveyed mainly cucumbers, pumpkins, and amaranths. We collected fruit and seed samples of local or wild landraces of crops from farmer fields, backyards, and roadsides. During our journey we took seeds out of the collected fruits, washed the seeds under tap water, put them into nets, and dried them in the air. We collected information on each sample from farmers, including local plant name, sowing date, harvest date, usage, and cultivation methods. We also recorded the name of the location, latitude and longitude, elevation, and characteristics of each collection site. Latitude, longitude, and elevation were measured using Garmin eTrex20J GPS technology (Garmin International Inc., Olathe, KS, USA).

Table 1. Itinerary of the exploration of plant genetic resources in Vietnam, 2016Date

(month/day) Day Itinerary Stay

10/3 Mon Ha Noi - Thanh Hoa City Thanh Hoa City10/4 Tue Thanh Hoa City - Muong Lat District Muong Lat District10/5 Wed Muong Lat District Muong Lat District10/6 Thu Muong Lat District - Ba Thuoc District Ba Thuoc District10/7 Fri Ba Thuoc District Ba Thuoc District10/8 Sat Ba Thuoc District Ba Thuoc District10/9 Sun Ba Thuoc District - Vinh City Vinh City10/10 Mon Vinh City - Con Cuong District Con Cuong District10/11 Tue Con Cuong District Con Cuong District10/12 Wed Con Cuong District Con Cuong District10/13 Thu Con Cuong District - Ha Noi

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Results and DiscussionWe collected a total of 77 samples, including 35 amaranths (Amaranthus ssp.), 22 pumpkins

(Cucurbita moschata), 9 cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), 9 melons (Cucumis melo), 1 watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), and 1 sesame (Sesamum indicum) (Tables 2 and 3). Collection sites are shown in Fig. 1. Collected seed samples were stored in the PRC gene bank, and subsets were transferred to the NARO gene bank in compliance with the terms of the MOU signed by the PRC and NARO. The species which were collected every year from 2014 to 2016 were C. moschata, C. sativus, and C. melo. Fruit shapes of collected C. moschata were diverse each year, but we did not find differences of C. moschata collections among the three surveys. Because most samples of C. sativus and C. melo collected each year were not fruits but seeds, we did not find differences of C. sativus or C. melo collections among the three surveys. Differences might be found by future phenotyping or genotyping. We will explore Vietnam for genetic resources continuously during the term of PGRAsia project.

Fig. 1. Sites in northcentral Vietnam where plant genetic resources were collected. Collection numbers 1-51 were collected in Thanh Hoa province, while collection numbers 52-77 were collected in Nghe An province.

Table 2. Summary of collected genetic resources in Vietnam in 2016

Province District Amaranthusspp.

Cucurbitamoschata

Cucumissativus

Cucumismelo

Citrulluslanatus

Sesamumindicum

Total

Thanh Hoa Province Thanh Hoa City 1 0 0 0 0 0 1Thanh Hoa Province Quan Hoa District 1 0 0 0 0 0 1Thanh Hoa Province Muong Lat District 7 9 5 3 1 0 25Thanh Hoa Province Ba Thuoc District 16 6 2 0 0 0 24Nghe An Province Con Cuong District 10 7 2 6 0 1 26

Total 35 22 9 9 1 1 77

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PumpkinWe collected 19 pumpkin fruit samples and 3 pumpkin seed samples from farmers. They were all

Cucurbita moschata. Through interviews with them, we learned that most farmers do not use any pesticides or fertilizers for pumpkin cultivation. As an exception to this rule, we registered that organic fertilizer was used for accession No. 71. Pumpkins are cultivated in association with rice, maize, legume or eggplant, and fruits are used for human consumption or as pig fodder. Pumpkin seeds are usually sown from January to May, and fruits are harvested from June to October. The farmer who harvested accession No. 55 reported that pumpkin seeds were sown in September or October and fruits were harvested in January. The farmer who harvested accession No. 71 recalled that pumpkin seeds were sown in March and October, while fruits were harvested in August and February, respectively. The farmer who harvested accession Nos. 74 and 75 recalled that pumpkin seeds were sown in October and fruits were harvested in January. Farmers who grow pumpkins in winter live in Nghe An province, where temperature is higher than that in Thanh Hoa province. The collected fruits weighed between 0.72 and 7.94 kg. The heaviest fruit was from accession No. 31 and the lightest one was accession No. 62. Fruit shapes were flattened (Nos. 6, 10, 31, 32, 33, 48, 55, and 61), globular (Nos. 8 and 9), elongate form (No. 7), pyriform (Nos. 18, 19, 27, 35, 42, 60, and 62), or triangular shaped (No. 14). Accession Nos. 7, 8, 9, and 10 were collected in the same village, but the fruit shapes were different. The farmers in the village said that they cut pumpkin fruits and look at the color to diagnose fruit quality. If a cut fruit shows a green line near the skin, like Nos. 8 and 10, the fruit will be sweeter and tastier. The skin color of most fruits was brown, while the skin of Nos. 27 and 55 was greenish. The flesh color of No. 48 was orange, which indicates good quality. The flesh color of other samples was yellow to green. We tasted boiled fruits of Nos. 6 and 33, and found the taste was good.

AmaranthWe collected 35 samples of amaranths (Amaranthus ssp.) on roadsides or in yards. People usually do

not cultivate amaranths but harvest young leaves of naturally growing amaranth, and use them for cooking. There were differences in color and shape among samples. Nos. 2, 39, 46, 49, 52, 53, 67, and 77 were green plants, Nos. 25, 54 and 66 were purple, and Nos. 1, 3, 26, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 50, 51, 56, 68, 72, and 76 were partially purple. Nos. 2, 3, 4, 37, 38, 39, 49, 53, 56, 72, 76, and 77 had spines on the stems, while Nos. 1, 13, 15, 40, 41, 46, 50, 51, 52, 54, 66, 67, and 68 had no spine. Only one collection was reported to have spines in the second survey, in 2015 (Shimomura et al. 2016), while many collections showed spines in this survey. Cultivated amaranths usually have no spine, and they were collected in the second survey, in 2015.

CucumberWe collected 3 samples of cucumber fruits and 6 samples of cucumber seeds from farmers.

Cucumber seeds from accession No. 20 had been mixed with melon seeds (No. 21) and watermelon seeds (No. 22), thus, first we separated these three species. Farmers said that they did not use any pesticides or fertilizers for cucumber cultivation. Seeds are sown from February to May, and fruits are harvested from June to October. They are often cultivated with rice, and harvested cucumber fruits are consumed at home and sometimes sold at local markets. Collected fruits weighed between 0.85 and 1.83 kg. The heaviest fruit was No. 12 and the lightest one was No. 11. Fruit shapes were all cylindrical. The skin color of fruits was yellow (No. 11), light green (No. 12), or brown (No.30). The flesh color of Nos. 11 and 12 was yellow to orange, while the flesh color of No. 30 was white.

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MelonWe collected 2 samples of melon fruits and 7 samples of melon seeds from farmers. Melon seeds

from No. 21 had been mixed with cucumber seeds (No. 20) and watermelon seeds (No. 22), thus, first we separated these three species. Farmers said that they did not use any pesticides or fertilizers for melon cultivation. Seeds are sown from April to June, and fruits were harvested from July to October. They were often cultivated with rice, and harvested melon fruits are consumed at home and sometimes sold at local markets. Fruits from Nos. 57 and 73 weighed 1.65 kg and 1.22 kg, respectively. Fruit No. 57 had yellow to green flesh, yellow and green colors of the skin, and had white short stripes on the upper and lower part of the skin. Skin and flesh color of fruit No. 73 was yellow, and it had white stripes on the skin.

WatermelonOne watermelon sample (No. 22) was collected. The collected seeds had been mixed with cucumber

seeds (No. 20) and melon seeds (No. 21); thus, first we separated these three species. People do not use any pesticides and fertilizers for watermelon cultivation. Seeds are sown in May, and fruits are harvested in August.

SesameOne sesame sample (No. 63) was collected. People do not use any pesticides or fertilizers for sesame

cultivation. Seeds are sown in June and harvested in September.

AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by a grant (PGRAsia Project) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry,

and Fisheries of Japan.

ReferencesShimomura K, Sugiyama K, Yoshioka Y, Hoai TTT, Kien NV (2016) Collaborative exploration of plant

genetic resources in Vietnam, 2015. AREIPGR 32: 159-181.Sugiyama M, Ebana K, Kami D, Hoai TTT, Kien NV (2015) Collaborative exploration of cucurbitaceous

crops in Vietnam, 2014. AREIPGR 31: 189-201.

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ベトナムにおける植物遺伝資源の共同探索，2016 年

川頭洋一 1)・加藤晶子 2)・TRAN Thi Thu Hoai3)・NGUYEN Van Kien3)

1) 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構野菜花き研究部門野菜育種・ゲノム研究領域2) 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構次世代作物開発研究センター畑作物研究領域3) ベトナム植物資源センター

和文摘要　国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構（農研機構）とベトナム植物資源センター

（PRC）は 2016 年，ベトナムにおいて植物遺伝資源の共同探索・収集を実施した．この探索・収集は，農林水産省委託プロジェクト研究「海外植物遺伝資源の収集・提供強化」の予算により実施された．本プロジェクトは 2014 年に始まり，今回はベトナムにおける 3 年目の共同探索について報告する．2016 年 10 月に Thanh Hoa Province の Muong Lat District と Ba Thuoc District，およびNghe An ProvinceのCon Cuong Districtにおいて探索を行った．その結果，アマランサス (Amaranthus ssp.) 35 点，カボチャ (Cucurbita moschata) 22 点，キュウリ (Cucumis sativus) 9 点，メロン (Cucumis melo) 9 点，スイカ (Citrullus lanatus) 1 点，ゴマ (Sesamum indicum) 1 点を収集した（合計 77 点）．収集された遺伝資源の種子は，PRC に保存され，一部は農研機構遺伝資源センターに送付された．

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JP No. Coll. No.

Coll. Date Oct., 2016

Species name Local Name Type of sample

status of sample

Coll. Sourse

Province District Commune Town or Village name

Latitude Longitude Altitude (m)

Remarks

258315 1 3 Amaranthus spp. Rau den ta seeds wild wild Thanh Hoa City

An Hoach ward

- 05, LK16, Dong Son

N19-47-59-36 E105-45-32-52 18 no spine, pink on lower part of stems,from Dr. Ky, a head of Agriulture and Rural Development (DARD) of Thanh Hoa Province

258316 2 4 Amaranthus spp. Rau gien gai seeds wild wild Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Thiet Ke 13 km from Hoi Xuan Town

N20-19-06-40 E105-09-59-17 54 with spines, green stem, H120cm

258317 3 4 Amaranthus spp. Rau gien gai seeds wild wild Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Thiet Ke 13 km from Hoi Xuan Town

N20-19-06-40 E105-09-59-17 54 with spines, H105cm, from a roadside, red stem

258318 4 4 Amaranthus spp. Rau gien gai seeds wild wild Thanh Hoa Quan Hoa 4 km from Hien Kiet Commune

13 km from Hoi Xuan Town

N20-26-59-49 E104-45-19-99 616 with spines, H110cm, from a roadside

258319 5 4 Amaranthus spp. Pha hom seeds wild wild Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Tam Chung Lat Village N20-32-42-36 E104-36-22-77 180 H62cm, from a roadside258320 6 4 Cucurbita moschata Mac uc 2 fruits landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Tam Chung Lat Village N20-32-12-70 E104-36-11-32 173 2.43kg (average), cultivated with rice, 10-15 fruits per plant, Sowing: May,

Harvest: Sep-Oct258321 7 5 Cucurbita moschata Tau da te 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Pu Nhi Com Village N20-26-50-89 E104-34-47-35 730 Tau da = pumpkin, te = long, 1.23kg, H20cm x W12cm, cultivated with

maize, Sowing: May, Harvest: Aug-Oct258322 8 5 Cucurbita moschata Tau da khenh 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Pu Nhi Com Village N20-26-50-89 E104-34-47-35 730 Tau da = pumpkin, khenh = round, 1.53kg, H16cm x W18cm, cultivated

with maize258323 9 5 Cucurbita moschata Tau da 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Pu Nhi Com Village N20-26-50-89 E104-34-47-35 730 Tau da = pumpkin, 1.07kg, H15cm x W14cm, cultivated with maize258324 10 5 Cucurbita moschata Tau da te 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Pu Nhi Com Village N20-26-50-89 E104-34-47-35 730 Tau da = pumpkin, te = long, 2.48kg, H12.5cm x W23cm, cultivated with

maize258325 11 5 Cucumis sativus Di me 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Pu Nhi Com Village N20-26-44-90 E104-34-52-19 762 Di = cucumber, me = small, 0.85kg, H18cm x W9cm, cultivated with rice,

about 20 fruits per plant, Sowing: May, Harvest: Aug-Oct258326 12 5 Cucumis sativus Di lo 3 fruits landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Pu Nhi Com Village N20-26-44-90 E104-34-52-19 762 Di = cucumber, lo = big, 1.83kg (average), H21cm x W11cm (average),

cultivated with rice258327 13 5 Amaranthus spp. Lai Le xi seeds landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Pu Nhi Ha Son Village N20-29-57-88 E104-35-14-40 308 H30cm, Lai Le = Amaranthus, xi = red, all purple color, no spine258328 14 5 Cucurbita moschata Phung bau 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Pu Nhi Ha Son Village N20-29-57-88 E104-35-14-40 308 1.54kg, H12cm x W15.5cm, cultivated with maize, Sowing: May, Harvest:

Sep-Oct258329 15 5 Amaranthus spp. Lai Le meng seeds wild wild Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Pu Nhi Ha Son Village N20-29-42-53 E104-35-08-13 319 H33cm, Lai Le = Amaranthus, meng = green, from a roadside, no spine258330 16 5 Amaranthus spp. Lai Le pua seeds landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Pu Nhi Ha Son Village N20-29-42-53 E104-35-08-13 319 H120cm, Lai Le = Amaranthus, pua = big258331 17 5 Cucumis sativus Di mong seeds landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Nhi Son Pa hoc Village N20-28-18-83 E104-37-16-61 739 cultivated with rice, Sowing: April, Harvest: July258332 18 5 Cucurbita moschata Tau da ve da 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Nhi Son Pa hoc Village N20-28-18-83 E104-37-16-61 739 Tau da = pumpkin, ve da = neck bottle, 2.02kg, H20cm x W17cm258333 19 5 Cucurbita moschata Tau da ve da 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Nhi Son Pa hoc Village N20-28-18-83 E104-37-16-61 739 Tau da = pumpkin, ve da = neck bottle, 1.11kg, H17.5cm x W14cm,

Sowing: May, Harvest: Aug-Oct258334 20 5 Cucumis sativus Di mong seeds landrace farmstore Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Nhi Son Pa hoc Village N20-28-18-83 E104-37-16-61 739 cultivated with rice, Sowing:May, Harvest: Aug258335 21 5 Cucumis melo Di pa seeds landrace farmstore Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Nhi Son Pa hoc Village N20-28-18-83 E104-37-16-61 739 cultivated with rice, Sowing:May, Harvest: July258336 22 5 Citrullus lanatus Di cua seeds landrace farmstore Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Nhi Son Pa hoc Village N20-28-18-83 E104-37-16-61 739 cultivated with rice, 4-5 fruits per plant, Sowing:May, Harvest: Aug258337 23 5 Cucumis melo Di pa seeds landrace farmstore Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Nhi Son Pa hoc Village N20-28-18-83 E104-37-16-61 739 cultivated with rice, 6-8 fruits per plant, Sowing: April, Harvest: July258338 24 6 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom le seeds wild wild Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Ten Tan Na Kha Village N20-30-51-90 E104-31-08-67 207 H112cm258339 25 6 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom

danhseeds wild wild Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Ten Tan Na Kha Village N20-30-51-90 E104-31-08-67 207 H136cm, all purple color, Phac hom = Amaranth

258340 26 6 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom seeds wild wild Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Ten Tan Buon Village N20-31-10-78 E104-32-32-96 182 H34cm, green leaves, pink stems and influorescence258341 27 6 Cucurbita moschata Ma uc 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Ten Tan Buon Village N20-31-11-37 E104-32-36-40 183 4.18kg, H24cm x W22cm, fruit shape: neck bottle, cultivated with maize,

Sowing: April, Harvest: Sep258342 28 6 Cucumis melo Ma tanh lai seeds landrace farmstore Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Ten Tan Buon Village N20-31-11-37 E104-32-36-40 183 cultivated with maize or cucumber, Sowing: Apr, Harvest: July258343 29 6 Cucumis sativus Ma tanh

khauseeds landrace farmstore Thanh Hoa Muong Lat Ten Tan Buon Village N20-31-11-37 E104-32-36-40 183 cultivated with maize or melon, Sowing: Apr, Harvest: Aug-Sep

258344 30 7 Cucumis sativus Mac teenh 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Lung Cao Muoi Village N20-30-32-70 E105-11-47-64 956 1.81kg, H25cm x W12.5cm, 6-7 fruits per plant, Sowing: Mar, Harvest: July-Sep

258345 31 7 Cucurbita moschata Mac u pan 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Lung Cao Muoi Village N20-30-32-70 E105-11-47-64 956 Mac u = pumpkin, 7.94kg, H17cm x W30cm, used for pigs, about 10 fruits per plant, Sowing: Mar, Harvest: Aug-Oct

258346 32 7 Cucurbita moschata Mac u 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Lung Cao Muoi Village N20-30-32-70 E105-11-47-64 956 4.46kg, H15cm x W24cm, Sowing: Mar, Harvest: Aug-Oct258347 33 7 Cucurbita moschata Mac u e 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Lung Cao Muoi Village N20-30-32-70 E105-11-47-64 956 e = small, 2.44kg, H10.5cm x W19cm, Sowing: Mar, Harvest: Aug-Oct

Table 3. Genetic resources collected in Vietnam in 2016

- 96 -- 96 -

JP No. Coll. No.

Coll. Date Oct., 2016


status of sample

Coll. Sourse



Remarks

258348 34 7 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom seed wild farm land Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Lung Cao Muoi Village N20-30-32-70 E105-11-47-64 956 H245cm258349 35 7 Cucurbita moschata Mac u 1 fruit landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Lung Cao Muoi Village N20-30-40-76 E105-11-33-04 936 2.45kg, H15cm x W20cm, Sowing: Mar, Harvest: Aug-Oct258350 36 7 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom seeds wild wild Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Lung Cao Muoi Village N20-30-40-76 E105-11-33-04 936 H75cm258351 37 7 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom seeds wild wild Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Lung Cao Muoi Village N20-30-40-76 E105-11-33-04 936 H70cm, spine258352 38 7 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom seeds wild roadside Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Thanh Son Bang village N20-27-59-67 E105-07-23-05 517 H30cm, pink stems, green leaves and influerescence, spine258353 39 7 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom seeds wild roadside Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Thanh Son Bang village N20-27-59-67 E105-07-23-05 517 H54cm, all green color, small leaves, spine258354 40 7 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom seeds wild farm land Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Thanh Son Bang village N20-28-01-30 E105-07-20-24 519 H53cm, green leaves and influerescence, a little pink on stems, no spine258355 41 7 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom seeds wild farm land Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Thanh Son Bang village N20-28-01-30 E105-07-20-24 519 H80cm, all green color except a little pink stripes on stems, no spine258356 42 7 Cucurbita moschata Mac u 1 fruit landrace home

gardenThanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Thanh Son Bang village N20-28-01-46 E105-07-19-50 523 1.22kg, H16.5cm x W14cm, Sowing: Mar, Harvest: Aug

258357 43 7 Cucumis sativus Lai Rua seeds landrace farmstore Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Thanh Son Bang village N20-30-25-60 E105-05-09-28 518 skin color: green (young), orange, then brown (mature), Sowing: Feb, Harvest: June

258358 44 8 Amaranthus spp. Lung Khung seeds wild farmland Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Ai Thuong Thung Village N20-20-21-16 E105-15-03-97 61 small leaves, pink leaves and stems, green influorescence258359 45 8 Amaranthus spp. Sau trenh seeds wild farmland Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Ai Thuong Thung Village N20-20-21-16 E105-15-03-97 61 pink stems, green leaves and influorescence258360 46 8 Amaranthus spp. Rau gien

canhseeds landrace farmland Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Ai Thuong Thung Village N20-20-21-99 E105-15-03-82 57 Rau gien =Amaranthus, canh = soup, H110cm, all green color, dark green

color of leaves, no spine258361 47 8 Amaranthus spp. Sau trenh seeds wild farmland Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Ai Thuong Thung Village N20-20-32-33 E105-15-55-81 56 green leaves and influorescence, a little pink stems, long influorescence258362 48 8 Cucurbita moschata Klay pu 1 fruit landrace home

gardenThanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Ai Thuong Thung Village N20-28-01-46 E105-07-19-50 58 1.76kg, H12cm, W18cm, Sowing: Apr, Harvest: Sep

258363 49 8 Amaranthus spp. Sau trenh kai seeds wild farmland Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Ai Thuong Thung Village N20-21-05-54 E105-16-53-20 61 Sau tenh = Amaranthus, kai = spine, all green color, many small leaves258364 50 8 Amaranthus spp. Rau gien

comseeds wild farmland Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Dien Lu Dien Ly Village N20-18-21-91 E105-18-52-01 41 Raugien = Amaranthus, com = rice, H45cm, pink stems, green small

leaves, green influorescence, not many seeds in influorescence, no spine, soft stems, from sugarcane field

258365 51 8 Amaranthus spp. Rau gien com

seeds wild farmland Thanh Hoa Ba Thuoc Dien Lu Dien Ly Village N20-18-21-91 E105-18-52-01 41 Rau = Vegetable, gien = Amaranthus, com = rice, H22cm, pink stems, green small leaves with purple color of vein, green influorescence, no spine, from sugarcane field

258366 52 10 Amaranthus spp. Rau gien xanh

seeds landrace farmland Nghe An Con Cuong - No.3, Con Cuong Town

N19-03-12-39 E104-52-49-38 31 Rau = Vegetable, gien = Amaranthus, xanh = green, H230cm, no spine, wide and big leaves, all green

258367 53 10 Amaranthus spp. Rau gien gai seeds landrace farmland Nghe An Con Cuong - No.3, Con Cuong Town

N19-03-12-39 E104-52-49-38 31 Rau = Vegetable, gien = Amaranthus, gai = spine, H67cm, many spines, all green, small leaves

258368 54 10 Amaranthus spp. Rau gien do seeds landrace farmland Nghe An Con Cuong - No.3, Con Cuong Town

N19-03-12-39 E104-52-49-38 31 Rau = Vegetable, gien = Amaranthus, do = red, H67cm, all purple, no spine, round influorescence, dead plants when collected

258369 55 10 Cucurbita moschata Bu ro 1 fruit landrace farmland Nghe An Con Cuong - No.3, Con Cuong Town

N19-03-12-39 E104-52-49-38 31 1.17kg, H12cm, W16cm, Sowing: Sep-Oct, Harvest: Jan

258370 56 11 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom seeds wild wild Nghe An Con Cuong Binh Chuan Tong Village N19-14-16-46 E104-53-19-88 232 H107cm, spine, pink stems, green leaves and influorescence, many small leaves

258371 57 11 Cucumis melo Tanh lai 1 fruit landrace farmland Nghe An Con Cuong Binh Chuan Tong Village N19-14-17-48 E104-53-19-34 232 Tanh = Cucumis, lai = stripe, 1.65kg, H15cm, W15cm, about 10 fruits per plant, Sowing: Jun, Harvest: Oct

258372 58 11 Cucumis melo Tanh lai seeds landrace farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Binh Chuan Tong Village N19-14-17-48 E104-53-19-34 232 Tanh = Cucumis, lai = stripe, cultivated with rice, Sowing: Jun, Harvest: Oct

258373 59 11 Cucumis sativus Tanh khau seeds landrace farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Binh Chuan Tong Village N19-14-17-48 E104-53-19-34 232 cultivated with rice, green color (young), then brown (mature), about 20 fruits per plant, about 20 fruits per plant, Sowing: Jun, Harvest: Oct

258374 60 11 Cucurbita moschata Ma u 1 fruit landrace farmland Nghe An Con Cuong Binh Chuan Tong Village N19-14-17-48 E104-53-19-34 232 2.60kg, H25cm, W18cm, cultivated with eggplant and maize and regume, about 20 fruits per plant, Sowing: Mar or Jun, Harvest: June or Oct

258375 61 11 Cucurbita moschata Ma u 1 fruit landrace farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Binh Chuan Tong Village N19-14-17-20 E104-53-09-61 228 2.28kg, H11cm, W22cm, Sowing: Mar, Harvest: Jul258376 62 11 Cucurbita moschata Ma u 1 fruit landrace farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Binh Chuan Tong Village N19-14-17-20 E104-53-09-61 228 0.72kg, H11.5cm, W11cm, Sowing: Mar, Harvest: Jul258377 63 11 Sesamum indicum Nga seeds landrace farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Binh Chuan Tong Village N19-14-17-20 E104-53-09-61 228 Sowing: Jun, Harvest: Sep258378 64 11 Cucumis melo Tanh lai seeds landrace farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Binh Chuan Tong Village N19-14-17-20 E104-53-09-61 228 cultivated with rice, Sowing: Jun, Harvest: Sep258379 65 11 Cucumis sativus Tanh khau seeds landrace farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Binh Chuan Tong Village N19-14-17-20 E104-53-09-61 228 cultivated with rice, Sowing: Jun, Harvest: Sep


- 97 -- 97 -

Table 3. (Continued).JP No. Coll.

No.Coll. Date Oct., 2016


status of sample

Coll. Sourse



Remarks

258380 66 11 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom deng

seeds wild farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Chi khe Trung Dinh Village

N19-03-11-03 E104-49-41-69 64 deng = red, H120cm, all purple, no spine, wide leaves

258381 67 11 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom hao


N19-03-11-03 E104-49-41-69 64 hao = green, H127cm, all green, no spine

258382 68 11 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom khau


N19-03-11-03 E104-49-41-69 64 H30cm, no spine, pink stems, green leaves and influorescence

258383 69 11 Cucumis melo Tanh lai seeds landrace farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Chi khe Trung Dinh Village

N19-03-13-13 E104-49-41-73 63 Sowing: May, Harvest: Jul

258384 70 11 Cucumis melo Tanh lai seeds landrace farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Chi khe Trung Dinh Village

N19-03-13-13 E104-49-41-73 63 cultivated with rice, Sowing: May, Harvest: Jul

258385 71 11 Cucurbita moschata Ma u seeds landrace farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Chi khe Trung Dinh Village

N19-03-13-13 E104-49-41-73 63 Sowing: Oct or Mar, Harvest: Feb or Aug

258386 72 11 Amaranthus spp. Phac hom nam deng

seeds wild farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Chi khe Son Khe Village N19-02-48-78 E104-49-25-47 70 H128cm, spine, pink stems

258387 73 11 Cucumis melo Tanh lai 1 fruit landrace farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Chi khe Son Khe Village N19-02-48-69 E104-49-24-24 60 1.22kg, H16.5cm x W12cm, cultivated with rice, Sowing: Jun, Harvest: Oct

258388 74 12 Cucurbita moschata Pe pin seeds landrace farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Thach Ngan Thach Son Village

N19-08-06-80 E104-59-27-77 100 Sowing: Oct, Harvest: Jan

258389 75 12 Cucurbita moschata Pe pin ta seeds landrace farmstore Nghe An Con Cuong Thach Ngan Thach Son Village

N19-08-06-80 E104-59-27-77 100 ta = small, Sowing: Oct, Harvest: Jan

258390 76 12 Amaranthus spp. Clom seeds wild farmland Nghe An Con Cuong Thach Ngan Bung Village N19-08-06-34 E104-59-27-23 98 H118cm, spine, pink stems, green leaves and influorescence, only for feeding pigs

258391 77 12 Amaranthus spp. Rau gien xanh co gai

seeds wild farmland Nghe An Con Cuong Thach Ngan Bung Village N19-08-06-34 E104-59-27-23 98 Rau = vegetable, gien = Amaranthus, xanh = green, co gai = spine, H111cm, all green, spine

- 99 -- 99 -

Photo 2. Interviewing local people at Bang Village, Thanh Son, Ba Thuoc.

Photo 1. Member for the exploration. A driver, Kien, Kawazu, Kato and Hoai (from left to right).

Photo 4. Collecting Amaranth seeds in a backyard.

Photo 3. Collecting Amaranth seeds on a roadside.

Photo 6. Pumpkins stored in a hut.Photo 5. A net including seeds (No. 20, 21 and 22) for drying.

Photo 7. Taking seeds out of collected fruits.

- 101 -- 101 -

Amaranth

No. 1 No. 2 No. 3

No. 4 No. 5 No. 13

No. 15 No. 16 No. 24

No. 26No. 25 No. 34

- 103 -- 103 -

Amaranth

No. 36 No. 37 No. 38

No. 39 No. 40 No. 41

No. 44 No. 45 No. 46

No. 47 No. 49 No. 50

- 105 -- 105 -

Amaranth

No. 51 No. 52 No. 53

No. 54 No. 56 No. 66

No. 67 No. 68 No. 72

No. 76 No. 77

- 107 -- 107 -

Cucumber

No. 11 No. 12 No. 17

No. 20 No. 29 No. 30

No. 43 No. 59 No. 65

- 109 -- 109 -

Melon

No. 21 No. 23 No. 28

No. 57 No. 58 No. 64

No. 69 No. 70 No. 73

Watermelon Sesame

No. 22 No. 63

- 111 -- 111 -

Pumpkin

No. 9 No. 10 No. 14

No. 18 No. 19 No. 27

No. 31 No. 32 No. 33

No. 6 No. 7 No. 8

- 113 -- 113 -

Pumpkin

No. 35 No. 42 No. 48

No. 55 No. 60 No. 61

No. 62 No. 71 No. 74

No. 75

- 115 -- 115 -

〔AREIPGR Vol. 33 : 115-141, 2017〕Original Paper

Collaborative Survey of Eggplant Genetic Resourcesin Lao PDR, 2016

Takeo SAITO 1), Saori NODA 2), Naoki KISHIMOTO 3),Tounglieng VILAYPHONE 4), Sengdala MOUNNALATH 4),

Thongkhoun SISAPHAITHONG 4)

1) National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science (NIVFS), Kusawa 360, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan

2) Aichi Agricultural Research Center, Sagamine 1-1, Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1193, Japan3) Research Institute for Agriculture, Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries, Koudaoki, Akaiwa, Okayama 709-0801, Japan4) Horticultural Research Center (HRC), National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute

(NAFRI), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, PO Box 7170, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Communicated by H. OKUIZUMI (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received Jul. 13 2017, Accepted Mar. 1, 2018Corresponding author: T. SAITO (Email: [email protected])

Summary

Under a Memorandum of Understanding, the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) of Japan and the National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI) of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) have collaborated since 2006 to survey plant genetic resources in Lao PDR. The main objective of the current survey was to collect samples of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and related crop species from the northwestern provinces of Luang Namtha and Bou Keo, in Laos. From 7th to 23rd November, 2016, we collected a total of 108 samples, including 91 of S. melongena and 17 of other Solanum species. We discovered a wide diversity of eggplant landraces showing strong variation in fruit shape (cylindrical, ellipsoid, ovoid, and globular), length (9 - 212 mm), and color (purple, green, and white); spineless landraces were common. Seeds of these genetic resources will be produced by self-pollination, and NAFRI staff will evaluate the characteristics of the materials during the next season. The seeds produced at NAFRI will be shared between Laos and Japan. We plan to evaluate morphological characteristics and resistance of the accessions to Verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, Fusarium wilt, and nematodes in Japan.

KEY WORDS: Solanum, eggplant, Laos, NAFRI, HRC, NIAS, NIVFS

- 116 -- 116 -

IntroductionUnder a Memorandum of Understanding, the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS)

of Japan and the Horticulture Research Center (HRC) of the National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), have collaborated since 2006 to survey plant genetic resources in Lao PDR as part of the NIAS Genebank Project. This report describes the findings of the sixth survey under this Memorandum, which is also the third survey in the PGRAsia project of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of the Government of Japan, to collect vegetable plant genetic resources. Reports of the surveys conducted in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015, have been published (Sakata et al. 2008; Saito A et al. 2009; Matsunaga et al. 2010; Saito T et al. 2015, 2016). In 2014 and 2015, 134 and 124 samples of eggplant (Solanum spp., including wild relatives) were collected from the northern provinces of Houaphan, Xiengkhouang, Oudomxay, and Phongsaly in Lao PDR. Northwestern Lao PDR is a mountainous region (Photo 1) which is home to many ethnic minorities; at least 48 ethnic tribes live in Lao PDR (Chamberlain and Phomsombath 2003). The logistics of reaching and interacting with minorities are difficult; thus, it is likely that many undescribed landraces are maintained in this region. In this survey, we collected new samples from many villages in the northwestern provinces of Luang Namtha and Bou Keo.

MethodsBefore the survey, Dr. Sisaphaithong collected information on eggplant genetic resources in the

provinces of Bou Keo (Bokeo) and Luang Namtha (Fig. 1). Based on this information, we surveyed the area from 7th to 23rd November, 2016 (Table 1). We rented a car (Photo 2) to visit local markets (Photo 3) and farmer stalls (Photo 4), homes (Photo 5), and fields to obtain samples of fruits or seeds, focusing on landraces. After confirming a site location by GPS, we gathered samples and interviewed people to collect information about the samples, such as the local name, usage, and area of cultivation (Photos 6 and 7).

On 8th November, we visited the HRC and explained the objectives and plan of our survey to the Deputy Director, Mr. Souvanh Thadavong, and staff members (Photo 8). On 21st November, we revisited the HRC, extracted seeds from the collected materials (Photo 9), and reported our preliminary results (Photo 10).

ResultsWe traveled and surveyed nearly 3,000 km (Table 1) and collected a total of 108 samples from

8 districts (24 villages) in 2 provinces (Table 2). The collected plant materials comprised 91 samples of Solanum melongena L., 10 of Solanum aethiopicum L., 1 of Solanum torvum Sw., 1 of Solanum macrocarpon L., and 5 of Solanum violaceum R. Br. (Table 3), from 11 ethnic tribes (Table 4). Following the survey, the seeds were kept at the HRC. After the seeds are propagated and the plant materials are characterized, the seeds will be shared equally between the NIAS Genetic Resources Center (NIAS GRC, now NARO GRC) and the HRC.

The remainder of this section describes the day-to-day details of our survey. All the collected samples were mature fruits, unless otherwise specified.

9th November: We traveled from Vientiane, via Van Vieng, Kasi, and Poungdong, to Luang Prabang on Routes 10, 13N, unnumbered, 4, and 13N. The road conditions between Vientiane and Van Vieng were

- 117 -- 117 -

bad: asphalt was missing in some places, and most parts of the road were uneven and bumpy. Although we visited several small markets along the way, nothing was collected because only commercial eggplant cultivars (for example, Photo 3) were offered. The journey took about 9 h.

10th November: We traveled from Luang Prabang, via Pakmong, Oudomxay, and Na Teuy, to Luang Namtha on Routes 13N, 13B, and 17A. Although we visited several small markets along the way, nothing was collected because only commercial eggplant cultivars were offered. The journey took about 8 h. Chinese-owned plantations that export common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to China have recently increased in this area (Photo 11); therefore, the production of traditional upland rice and vegetables has decreased,

Table 1. Itinerary followed during the 2016 survey in northwestern Lao PDR

Province District No. ofvillages

Solanummelongena

Solanumaethiopicum

Solanumtorvum

Solanummacrocarpo

Solanumviolaceum Total

Bou Keo Houay Xay 3 9 2 0 1 1 13Bou Keo Meung 4 10 3 0 0 0 13Bou Keo Pha Oudom 2 12 0 0 0 0 12Bou Keo Ton Pheung 1 3 0 0 0 0 3Luang Namtha Nalae 2 10 0 0 0 0 10Luang Namtha Namtha 7 18 3 1 0 1 23Luang Namtha Sing 3 16 1 0 0 0 17Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha 2 13 1 0 0 3 17Total 24 91 10 1 1 5 108

Table 2. Accessions collected during the 2016 survey in northwestern Lao PDR

Date Day Itinerary Stay Distance covered(km)

7-Nov Mon Chubu 11:00 (TG645) -- 15:40 Bangkok 19:35(TG574) -- 20:45 Vientiane Vientiane

8-Nov Tue Markets in Vientiane, visit Horticultural ResearchCenter (HRC), explain and discuss the survey Vientiane 39

9-Nov Wed Vientiane -- Van Vieng -- Kasi -- Poungdong --Luang Phabang Luang Phabang 364

10-Nov Thu Luang Phabang -- Pak Mong -- Oudomsay --Na Teuy -- Luang Namtha Luang Namtha 318

11-Nov Fri Luang Namtha -- Vieng Phoukha -- Nam Fa --Luang Namtha Luang Namtha 177

12-Nov Sat Luang Namtha -- Muang Sing -- Done Chai --Luang Namtha Luang Namtha 161

13-Nov Sun Luang Namtha -- Samsop -- Hatnaleng --Luang Namtha Luang Namtha 118

14-Nov Mon Luang Namtha -- Vieng Phoukha -- Huay Xai Huay Xay 188

15-Nov Tue Huay Xai -- Phimonsin -- Huay Xai --Simuangngam -- Huay Xai Huay Xay 185

16-Nov Wed Huay Xai -- Phimonsin -- Meung -- Huay Xai Huay Xay 23617-Nov Thu Huay Xai -- Pha Oudom -- Huay Xai Huay Xay 187

18-Nov Fri Huay Xai -- Luang Namtha -- Na Teuy --Pak Mong -- Oudomsay -- Luang Phabang Luang Phabang 493

19-Nov Sat Luang Phabang, Data arrangement --Poungdong -- Kasi -- Vang Vieng Vang Vieng 263

20-Nov Sun Van Vieng -- Vientiane, Data arrangement Vientiane 190

21-Nov Mon Vientiane, Data arrangement, visit HRC and reportthe preliminary results of survey Vientiane 39

22-Nov Tue Vientiane 21:30 (TG575) -- 22:35 on flight (Total 2958)23-Nov Wed Bangkok 00:05 (TG644) -- 07:30 Chubu

- 118 -- 118 -

causing concern among farmers.

11th November: We visited a small market in the village (ban) of Ban Namchang (Photo 3), where we collected information on eggplant production and one sample (No. 1). Then we visited the Province Agriculture and Forestry Office (PAFO) of Luang Namtha and explained our plans and objectives to the Head of Agriculture, Mr. Phimkeo Thamlasinh (Photo 12). The Head assigned a PAFO staff member to assist our survey of Luang Namtha province, and various staff members of the District Agriculture and Forestry Office (DAFO) to assist the district surveys. In Ban Phon Saxsayan, we collected two accessions (Nos. 2 and 3). Two more samples (Nos. 4 [S. melongena] and 5 [S. torvum]; Photos 13 and 14) were collected at a nearby house, where they were grown for home use. The farmer reported that fruit with a spineless calyx was usually eaten raw, and that fruit with a spiny calyx was cooked. In Ban Naleu, we collected five samples (Nos. 6-10), including S. aethiopicum (No. 8) and S. violaceum (No. 10, photo 15). In Ban Namtung, we collected eight samples (Nos. 11-18) from two houses (Photos 16-18). We traveled from Luang Namtha to Vieng Phouka via Routes 17A and 3. A DAFO staff member of Vieng Phoukha District joined us (Photo 19). In Ban Vieng Savang, we surveyed (Photo 20) and collected five samples (Nos. 19-23), including S. violaceum (Nos. 21 and 22, Photos 21 and 22) and S. aethiopicum (No. 23, Photo 23). In Ban Nam Par, we collected eight accessions (Nos. 24-31, Photo 24), including S. violaceum (No. 28, Photo 25). On the way to Luang Namtha, we collected two samples (Nos. 32 and 33) from a farmer field. In Ban Vieng Savang, we collected two samples (Nos. 34 and 35, Photo 26). The color underneath the calyx of collection No. 34 was dark purple, which suggests that the skin pigment is tulipanin (Azuma et al. 2008). Back in Luang Namtha we extracted seeds from collected rotten fruits (Photo 27).

12th November: We collected one sample (No. 36), which showed high yield and produced non-bitter fruits, behind a gasoline station in Ban Vieng Gent. A PAFO staff member joined us there. We traveled from Namtha district to Sign district on Route 17A. The journey took about 2 h. In Ban Nang Bou, we collected six samples (Nos. 37-42), including S. aethiopicum (No. 41, Photo 28). We went to other villages off the main road. The road conditions were bad, most of it was unpaved, uneven, and bumpy. In Ban Lank Khame (Photo 7), we collected nine samples (Nos. 43-51), including a rotten fruit (No. 50, Photo 29) and a mature fruit given to us by a farmer. After lunch, we collected two samples (Nos. 52 and 53) in Ban Nam da Mai, near the border with China (Photo 30). This village featured large Chinese-owned banana plantations (Photo 31). On the way back to Namtha, we collected one S. aethiopicum sample (No. 54, Photo 32) at a small market in Ban Lak Khane Mai Kh (Photo 4), and three samples (Nos. 55-57) at another small market in Ban Nam Mant.

13rd November: The same PAFO staff member joined us at the aforementioned gasoline station. We traveled from Luang Namtha to Nalae via Route 3 and a small road alongside a river. The road conditions were bad, most of it being unpaved, uneven, and bumpy. The journey took about 2 h. In Ban Hat Na Leng, we surveyed (Photo 1) and collected seven samples (Nos. 58-64, Photos 33 and 34). In Ban Pou Phat, we collected three smoked samples (Nos. 65-67) from a farmer (Photo 35). We visited a few villages and small shops near the river, but we could not collect eggplant samples. In this area, vegetables were usually planted together with upland rice. Eggplant seeds were stored in warehouses in an upland rice field far from farm houses.

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14th November: We traveled from Luang Namtha to Huay Xay via Route 3. The journey took about 5 h. In Huay Xay, we visited a market and collected information on eggplants. We extracted seeds from rotten fruits that we had collected and put dried seeds into paper bags. We then sorted data and photographs.

15th November: We visited the PAFO at Bou Keo and explained our plans and objectives to the deputy director (Photo 36). In Ban Noung Khon we collected six samples (No. 68-73), including S. violaceum (No. 69, Photo 37) and S. aethiopicum (Nos. 72 and 73, Photo 38). In Ban Peion Sain we collected two samples (Nos. 74 and 75). In Ban Dand Poue we collected five samples (Nos. 76-80), including S. macrocarpon (No. 76); the leaves of this accession are popular in the preparation of the traditional Lao dish larb. We revisited the PAFO and explained our plans and objectives again to the director, Mr. Chanpheng Aintavong (Photo 39). The director assigned one PAFO staff member to assist our survey in Bou Keo province, and various DAFO staff members to assist our survets in the district. In Ban She Meunggen, on the way to Donsao (Photo 40), near the borders with China and Myanmar, we collected three samples (Nos. 81-83, Photo 41).

16th November: We traveled from Huay Xay to Meung via Route 3 and a small road. The road conditions between Phimonsin and Meung were bad. The journey took about 3 h. We visited the DAFO of Meung District and explained our survey (Photo 42). A DAFO staff member joined us (Photo 43). In Ban Larn Khoum Meung, we collected three accessions (Nos. 84-86), including S. aethiopicum (No. 86). This area is famous for tea and sake. In Ban Phoum Savang, we collected five samples (Nos. 87-91, Photo 44), including S. aethiopicum (No. 91). In Ban Nam Meung, we collected four samples (Nos. 92-95). The parent plant of one sample (No. 92) was 2 years old. Many plants were 2 or 3 years old. In Ban Houayt Tant, we collected one S. aethiopicum sample (No. 96).

17th November: We traveled from Huay Xay to Pha Oudom. The road conditions were good. The journey took about 3 h. We visited the DAFO of Pha Oudom District and explained our survey (Photo 45). In Ban Pang Thoung, we collected eight samples (Nos. 97-104), including smoked fruits (Nos. 101 and 102, Photo 46). At the market we saw a commercial cultivar from Thailand with a higher price, but no better taste than a landrace from nearby. Usually the former is used in papaya salad and the latter in larb. In Ban See Boun Houng we collected four samples (Nos. 105-108).

18th November: We returned to Luang Prabang on Routes 3, 13B, and 13N. The journey took about 11 h. Later, we extracted the seeds from rotten fruits.

19th November: We sorted data and photographs. We then traveled from Luang Prabang toVang Vieng via Poungdong and Kasi on Route 4 and 3, a new road.

20th November: We traveled from Vang Vieng to Vientiane via Thahua, Phonhong, Naxay Kang, and Tha Ngon, on Routes 13N and 10. The journey took 4 h.

21st November: We sorted data and photographs in the morning, and returned to the HRC in the

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afternoon to report our preliminary results. The HRC members of our team extracted seeds from the collected fruits and dried them. We finished with a farewell dinner (Photo 47).

DiscussionThe rainy season in northern Laos is usually over by the end of October, but rain continued for the

first few days of the survey. If this was an effect of climate change, we will have to reassess the period for exploring eggplant genetic resources in Lao PDR.

Our collection of seeds from numerous eggplant landraces was facilitated by the widespread availability of mature fruits in gardens, fields, and markets, as we found in Houaphan and Xiengkhouang provinces in 2014 (Saito T et al. 2015), and in Oudomxay and Phongsaly provinces in 2015 (Saito T et al. 2016). We were unable to communicate directly with the different ethnic groups, but the PAFO and DAFO staff who assisted our work acted as translators. In other countries, generally the flesh and skin of immature eggplants are eaten. However, we found that in northwestern Laos, people also eat the skin, but not the flesh of mature fruits. We discovered that eggplants from Luang Namtha and Bou Keo vary widely in shape (cylindrical, ellipsoid, ovoid, and globular; Fig. 2), length (9 - 212 mm), and skin color of immature fruits (purple, green, and white; Table 4), and that spineless landraces were popular, as in Houaphan, Xiengkhouang, Oudomxay, and Phongsaly. We will test the genetic diversity among the samples using DNA markers.

Although we focused on S. melongena, we also collected samples of S. aethiopicum (formerly S. gilo), S. torvum, S. macrocarpon, and S. violaceum. These species are primarily used for medicine, although they are also edible. Laotians sometimes eat the raw fruits, but we found them too bitter.

We observed many large plantations managed by Chinese capital, where farmers used inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, and seeds imported from China (Photo 48). The PAFO and DAFO staff told us that they were worried about the environmental harm caused by these chemicals (personal communication from staff). Many Laotians prefer organically grown foods, and the number of organic farmers is increasing.

0

50

100

150

0 50 100 150 200 250

Frui

t dia

met

er (m

m)

Fruit length (mm)Fig. 2. Shape distribution of 88 Solanum melongena accessions (excluding Nos. 65-67) on a scatter plot of fruit length versus diameter.

- 121 -- 121 -

However, it is difficult to grow organic crops unless new cultivation methods and improved cultivars are adopted. The HRC staff wants to breed new cultivars that are resistant to diseases and insects, produce high yields with less fertilizer, and are suitable for organic cultivation.

We discussed and planned future collaborations with the HRC staff, and we plan to cooperate with them to evaluate eggplant genetic resources and breed new cultivars. Seeds collected in the present field study will be produced by self-pollination, and the HRC staff are going to evaluate the materials in the next season. The seeds produced at the HRC are to be shared between Laos and Japan. We also plan to evaluate the morphological characteristics and resistance of the accessions to Verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, Fusarium wilt, and nematodes in Japan.

AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by a grant (PGRAsia Project) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry

and Fisheries of the Government of Japan.

ReferencesAzuma K, Ohyama A, Ippoushi K, Ichiyanagi T, Takeuchi A, Saito T, Fukuoka H (2008) Structures and

antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in many accessions of eggplant and its related species. J Agric Food Chem 56: 10154-10159.

Chamberlain JR, Phomsombath P (2003) Poverty Alleviation for All. SIDA, February 2003. [http://www.sida.se/contentassets/7d61651a9cd04457ad7d041b70455332/poverty-alleviation-for-

all_586.pdf]Matsunaga H, Sugiyama M, Tanaka K, Deuanhaksa C (2010) Collaborative exploration of vegetable

genetic resources in Laos, 2009. AREIPGR 26: 65-81. [http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/pdf/publications/plant-exp_2009(26)_p65.pdf]Saito A, Tanaka K, Deuanhaksa C (2009) Collaborative exploration of vegetable genetic resources in Laos,

2008. AREIPGR 25: 111-145. [http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/pdf/publications/plant-exp_2008(25)_p111.pdf]Saito T, Iwahori H, Sengounkeo P, Vilayphone T, Sisaphaithong T, Okuizumi H (2015) Collaborative

exploration of vegetable genetic resources in Laos, 2014. AREIPGR 31: 203-223. [http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/pdf/publications/plant-exp_2014(31)_p203.pdf]Saito T, Sisaphaithong T, Hamato N, Ogasawara K, Vilayphone T (2016) Collaborative exploration of

vegetable genetic resources in Laos, 2015. AREIPGR 32: 183-213. [http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/pdf/publications/plant-exp_2015(32)_p183.pdf]Sakata Y, Kato K, Saito T, Tanaka K, Deuanhaksa C (2008) Collaborative exploration of vegetables genetic

resources in Laos, 2007. AREIPGR 24: 161-183 (in Japanese with English summary). [http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/pdf/report/parts/2007_2-6.pdf]

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ラオスにおけるナス遺伝資源の共同探索，2016年

齊藤猛雄 1)・野田沙織 2)・岸本直樹 3)・Tounglieng VILAYPHONE 4)・Sengdala MOUNNALATH 4)・Thongkhoun SISAPHAITHONG 4)

1) 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構野菜花き研究部門2) 愛知県農業総合試験場3) 岡山県農林水産総合センター農業研究所4) ラオス農林省国立農林業研究所園芸研究センター

和文摘要　本報告は，独立行政法人農業生物資源研究所とラオス農林省との間で 2006 年に締結した共同研究協定（MOU）に基づいて行われたラオス国における 2016 年の野菜遺伝資源の調査報告である．調査は，2016 年 11 月 7 ～ 23 日にかけ，ナスを主な調査対象とした．今回は，ラオス国北部地域であるルアンナムタ県およびボケオ県を調査した．ナス栽培種 Solanum melongena を 91

点およびナス近縁種を 17 点の合計 108 点の種子サンプルを収集した．当該地域におけるナスの多様性は高く，果形や果色に広い変異が観察され，とげなし性の在来種が多かったことは興味深い．これら遺伝資源の種子は自殖によって増殖し，ラオス園芸研究センター（HRC）で特性調査が行われる予定である．将来的には，種子は日本とラオスの両国が保有し，日本でも土壌伝染性病害虫への抵抗性を含む諸特性を調査する予定である．

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Collection No.

Harvested fruit (immature fruit) Skin color of mature fruit

Color of flower

Spiny (1) or spineless (0) Collected from

(tribes)

Remarks

Skin color Length (mm)

Length/ Diameter Shape Calyx Stem Leaf

1 White 27 0.54 Globular Yellow - 0 0 0 - Solanum aethiopicum2 Green 27 0.87 Globular Yellow Purple 1 1 1 Lao3 Green 28 0.93 Globular Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Lao4 Green 30 0.83 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Lao5 Green 15 1.00 Globular Yellowish white White 0 1 0 Lao S. torvum6 Green 35 0.97 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Lao tong7 Green 38 0.97 Globular Yellow Purple 1 1 1 Lao tong8 Green 34 0.59 Globular Orange White 1 1 1 Lao tong S. aethiopicum9 Green 53 0.84 Globular Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Lao tong10 Green 9 0.90 Globular Orange Light purple 0 0 0 Tai dam S. violaceum11 Green 41 0.79 Globular Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Leu12 Pale Purple 46 0.71 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Leu13 Pale Purple 43 0.69 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Leu14 White 45 1.22 Ovoid Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Leu15 Greenish Purple 37 0.79 Globular Ocher Purple 1 0 0 Leu16 Green 28 0.74 Globular Ocher White 0 0 0 Leu17 Pale Purple 40 1.00 Globular Ocher Purple 0 0 0 Leu18 Purple 35 0.88 Globular Ocher Purple 0 0 0 Leu19 Green 42 0.91 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Tai dam20 Green 40 1.00 Globular Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Tai dam21 Whitish Green 11 1.00 Globular Orange Purple 0 0 0 Tai dam S. violaceum22 Whitish Green 9 1.00 Globular Orange Light purple 0 0 0 Tai dam S. violaceum23 - 27 0.54 Globular Orange White 0 0 0 Tai dam S. aethiopicum24 - 80 1.70 Ellipsoid Yellow - 0 0 0 Yamg25 Whitish Green 58 0.83 Globular Yellow - 1 0 0 Yamg26 Whitish Green 36 0.68 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Yamg Ribs on fruit27 Whitish Green 35 0.97 Globular Yellow Purple 1 1 1 Yamg28 Green 9 0.82 Globular Orange Purple 1 1 1 Yamg S. violaceum29 Green 32 1.45 Ovoid Ocher Purple 0 0 0 Yamg30 Green 65 0.93 Globular Ocher Purple 1 0 0 Yamg31 Green 70 1.25 Ovoid Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Yamg32 Green 30 0.94 Globular Ocher Purple 1 0 0 Yamg33 Green 45 0.66 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Yamg34 Purple 147 3.42 Cylindrical Ocher Purple 1 0 0 Kha mou Anthocyanin coloration

underneath calyx35 Greenish Purple 68 1.21 Ovoid Ocher - 0 0 0 Kha mou36 Whitish Green 46 0.87 Globular Yellow White 0 0 0 Phou Noy37 Green 38 1.12 Globular Yellow Light purple 0 0 0 Phou Noy38 Green 32 0.94 Globular Yellow Light purple 0 0 0 Phou Noy39 Green 37 0.95 Globular Yellow Light purple 0 0 0 Phou Noy40 Purple 35 0.70 Globular Yellow Light purple 0 0 0 Phou Noy41 Whitish Green 25 0.83 Globular Orange Light purple 0 0 0 Phou Noy S. aethiopicum42 Whitish Green 40 1.05 Globular Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Phou Noy43 Green 25 0.76 Globular Ocher Purple 1 0 0 Ar kar44 Whitish Green 43 0.98 Globular Yellow - 0 0 0 Ar kar45 Green 35 0.74 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Ar kar46 Greenish Purple 30 0.91 Globular Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Ar kar47 Green 44 0.96 Globular Yellow White 0 0 0 Ar kar48 Whitish Green 36 0.78 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Ar kar49 Purple 45 0.60 Globular Ocher - 0 0 0 Ar kar50 Purple 140 2.00 Ellipsoid - - 0 0 0 Ar kar Rotten fruit51 Purple 34 1.21 Ovoid Ocher - 0 0 0 Ar kar Only mature fruit52 Green 30 0.97 Globular Yellow Purple 1 1 1 Ar kar Strong spines53 White 31 0.89 Globular Yellow Light purple 1 1 1 Ar kar54 Green 30 0.54 Globular Red - 0 0 0 Ar kar S. aethiopicum55 Green 48 0.74 Globular Yellow - 0 0 0 Ar kar56 Green 40 0.65 Globular Yellow - 0 0 0 Ar kar57 Greenish Purple 185 3.85 Cylindrical - - 0 0 0 Ar kar58 Greenish Purple 76 2.00 Ellipsoid - Purple 0 0 0 Ka mou59 Whitish Green 35 0.97 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Ka mou60 Whitish Green 37 0.97 Globular Yellow White 1 0 0 Ka mou61 Green 37 0.84 Globular Yellow Purple 1 1 1 Ka mou62 Green 41 0.68 Globular Yellow White 1 1 1 Ka mou63 Green 39 0.81 Globular Yellow White 0 0 0 Ka mou64 Greenish Purple 38 0.79 Globular Yellow Purple 1 1 1 Ka mou65 - - - White - 0 0 0 Ka mou Smoked fruit66 - - - - - 0 0 0 Ka mou Smoked fruit

Table 3. Several characteristics of accessions collected during the 2016 survey in northwestern Lao PDR

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Collection No.

Harvested fruit (immature fruit) Skin color of mature fruit

Color of flower

Spiny (1) or spineless (0) Collected from

(tribes)

Remarks

Skin color Length (mm)

Length/ Diameter Shape Calyx Stem Leaf

67 - - - - - 0 0 0 Ka mou Smoked fruit68 Purple 30 0.86 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Ka mou69 Green 10 1.00 Globular Orange Purple 0 1 1 Ka mou S. violaceum70 Whitish Green 32 0.97 Globular Yellow Purple 1 1 1 Ka mou71 Whitish Green 38 1.00 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Ka mou72 Green 57 1.73 Ellipsoid Red - 0 0 0 Ka mou S. aethiopicum73 Green 30 0.55 Globular Red - 0 0 0 Ka mou S. aethiopicum74 Greenish Purple 33 0.94 Globular Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Leu75 Whitish Green 39 0.98 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Leu76 Whitish Green 47 0.84 Globular Brown - 0 0 0 Ka mou S. macrocarpon77 Greenish Purple 43 0.81 Globular Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Ka mou78 Whitish Green 55 1.00 Globular Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Ka mou79 Whitish Green 67 1.68 Ellipsoid Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Ka mou80 Whitish Green 26 0.93 Globular Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Ka mou81 Whitish Green 37 1.06 Globular Yellow White 0 0 0 Tai dam82 Whitish Green 33 0.89 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 0 Tai dam83 Whitish Green 33 0.87 Globular Yellow White 0 0 0 Tai dam84 Whitish Green 32 0.94 Globular Yellow Purple 1 0 1 Leu85 Whitish Green 42 0.84 Globular Yellow White 1 0 0 Leu86 Green 30 0.65 Globular Orange White 1 1 1 Leu S. aethiopicum87 Green 46 0.90 Globular Yellow Purple 1 1 1 Ar kar Strong spines88 Green 40 1.14 Globular Yellow Purple 1 1 1 Ar kar89 - 184 5.11 Cylindrical Ocher Purple 0 0 0 Ar kar90 Whitish Green 45 0.79 Globular Ocher Purple 1 0 0 Ar kar91 - 35 0.67 Globular Orange White 0 0 0 Ar kar S. aethiopicum92 Green 63 1.40 Ellipsoid Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Leu93 Whitish Green 29 0.88 Globular Yellow Purple 1 1 1 Leu94 Greenish Purple 32 0.97 Globular Yellow Purple 1 1 0 Leu95 Whitish Green 38 0.83 Globular Yellow White 1 0 0 Leu96 White 28 0.58 Globular Orange White 0 0 0 Kouq S. aethiopicum97 - 44 0.73 Globular Yellow White 1 1 1 La mer98 White 65 0.65 Globular Yellow - 1 0 0 La mer99 Purple 27 1.00 Globular Yellow Purple 0 0 0 La mer100 Purple 68 0.85 Globular Ocher Purple 0 0 0 La mer101 Whitish Green 212 6.42 Cylindrical - Purple 0 0 0 La mer Smoked fruit102 Purple 105 3.18 Cylindrical - Light purple 0 0 0 La mer Smoked fruit103 Whitish Green 55 1.38 Ovoid Yellow Purple 0 0 0 La mer104 Green 95 1.83 Ellipsoid Yellow Purple 1 1 1 Tai dam105 Green 36 0.80 Globular Ocher Light purple 0 0 0 Tai dam106 Green 27 0.79 Globular Yellow Purple 0 0 0 Tai dam107 Greenish Purple 27 1.00 Globular Yellow Purple 1 1 1 Tai dam108 Green 31 0.79 Globular Yellow - 1 1 1 Tai dam


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Collection No.

JP No. Passport No.

JP Name Date Genus and species Province/State District Village North latitude East longitude Elevation (m)

Source (Market name)

Status Local name

1 258422 30069674 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/001 11-Nov Solanum aethiopicum Luang Namtha Namtha Namgene 20.59.52.20 101.24.22.18 565 village market landrace Makkheua kam2 258423 30069675 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/002 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Phon Saxsayan 20.55.53.88 101.24.10.72 554 farmland landrace Makkkeua kune3 258424 30069676 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/003 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Phon Saxsayan 20.55.53.46 101.24.10.72 554 farmland landrace Makkheua kune4 258425 30069677 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/004 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Phon Saxsayan 20.55.53.91 101.24.23.26 566 farmland landrace Makkheua kam5 258426 30069678 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/005 11-Nov Solanum torvum Luang Namtha Namtha Phon Saxsayan 20.55.53.52 101.24.22.77 562 backyard landrace Mak kang6 258427 30069679 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/006 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Naleu 20.55.52.08 101.24.25.14 562 farmland landrace Makkheua kem7 258428 30069680 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/007 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Naleu 20.55.52.08 101.24.25.14 562 farmland landrace Makkheua kem8 258429 30069681 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/008 11-Nov Solanum aethiopicum Luang Namtha Namtha Naleu 20.55.52.08 101.24.25.14 562 farmland landrace Makkheua kam9 258430 30069682 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/009 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Naleu 20.55.52.08 101.24.25.14 562 farmland landrace Makkheua dee

10 258431 30069683 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/010 11-Nov Solanum violaceum Luang Namtha Namtha Naleu 20.55.50.33 101.24.34.04 560 farmland landrace Makkag kam11 258432 30069684 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/011 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Namtung 20.58.00.15 101.26.46.89 557 farmland landrace Makkheua viag12 258433 30069685 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/012 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Namtung 20.58.00.30 101.26.47.16 565 farmland landrace Makkheua kao13 258434 30069686 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/013 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Namtung 20.58.00.33 101.26.47.07 561 farmland landrace Makkheua kao14 258435 30069687 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/014 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Namtung 20.58.02.08 101.26.36.35 559 farmland landrace Makkheua15 258436 30069688 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/015 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Namtung 20.58.02.08 101.26.36.35 559 farmland landrace Makkheua16 258437 30069689 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/016 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Namtung 20.58.02.08 101.26.36.35 559 farmland landrace Makkheua17 258438 30069690 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/017 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Namtung 20.58.02.08 101.26.36.35 559 farmland landrace Makkheua18 258439 30069691 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/018 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Namtung 20.58.02.08 101.26.36.35 559 farmland landrace Makkheua mang19 258440 30069692 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/019 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Vieng Savang 20.41.10.61 101.04.00.86 699 farmland landrace Makkheua kain20 258441 30069693 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/020 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Vieng Savang 20.41.10.61 101.04.00.86 699 farmland landrace Makkheua kain21 258442 30069694 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/021 11-Nov Solanum violaceum Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Vieng Savang 20.41.11.13 101.04.01.06 697 backyard landrace Mak kang kam22 258443 30069695 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/022 11-Nov Solanum violaceum Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Vieng Savang 20.41.11.13 101.04.01.06 693 backyard landrace Mak khag kam23 258444 30069696 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/023 11-Nov Solanum aethiopicum Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Vieng Savang 20.41.12.08 101.03.58.13 704 farmland landrace Makkheua kam24 258445 30069697 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/024 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Nam Par 20.37.19.53 101.04.39.27 678 farmland landrace Makkheua Hom Bar25 258446 30069698 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/025 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Nam Par 20.37.13.47 101.04.41.54 683 farmland landrace Makkheua26 258447 30069699 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/026 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Nam Par 20.37.12.25 101.04.40.67 678 farmland landrace Makkheua27 258448 30069700 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/027 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Nam Par 20.37.12.25 101.04.40.67 678 farmland landrace Makkheua28 258449 30069701 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/028 11-Nov Solanum violaceum Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Nam Par 20.37.12.25 101.04.40.67 678 farmland landrace Mak kang29 258450 30069702 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/029 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Nam Par 20.37.11.82 101.04.39.20 678 farmland landrace Makkheua noy30 258451 30069703 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/030 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Nam Par 20.37.11.82 101.04.39.20 678 farmland landrace Makkheua yai31 258452 30069704 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/031 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Nam Par 20.37.11.82 101.04.39.20 678 farmland landrace Makkheua32 258453 30069705 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/032 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Nam Par 20.37.13.77 101.04.37.86 680 farmland landrace Makkheua33 258454 30069706 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/033 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Nam Par 20.37.13.99 101.04.35.85 682 farmland landrace Makkheua yai34 258455 30069707 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/034 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Vieng Savang 20.41.09.88 101.03.51.34 707 farmland landrace Makkheua yao35 258456 30069708 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/035 11-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Vieng Phoukha Vieng Savang 20.41.09.88 101.03.51.34 707 farmland landrace Makkheua yao36 258457 30069709 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/036 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Vieng Gent 21.00.50.19 101.24.44.41 568 backyard landrace Makkheua kao37 258458 30069710 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/037 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Nang Bou 21.10.09.54 101.09.25.89 661 backyard landrace Makkheua kine38 258459 30069711 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/038 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Nang Bou 21.10.09.54 101.09.25.89 661 backyard landrace Makkheua39 258460 30069712 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/039 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Nang Bou 21.10.09.54 101.09.25.89 661 backyard landrace Makkeo40 258461 30069713 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/040 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Nang Bou 21.10.09.54 101.09.25.89 661 backyard landrace Makkae sou41 258462 30069714 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/041 12-Nov Solanum aethiopicum Luang Namtha Sing Nang Bou 21.10.09.54 101.09.25.89 661 backyard landrace Makkae kam

Table 4. List of materials collected during the 2016 survey in northwestern Lao PDR

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Collection No.

JP No. Passport No.

JP Name Date Genus and species Province/State District Village North latitude East longitude Elevation (m)


Status Local name

42 258463 30069715 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/042 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Nang Bou 21.10.08.32 101.09.26.79 663 backyard landrace Makkae hamkoi43 258464 30069716 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/043 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Lank Khame 21.10.10.07 101.11.58.50 699 backyard landrace Makkae hei44 258465 30069717 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/044 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Lank Khame 21.10.10.07 101.11.58.50 699 backyard landrace Makkae hei45 258466 30069718 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/045 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Lank Khame 21.10.10.11 101.11.57.96 701 backyard landrace Makkae hei46 258467 30069719 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/046 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Lank Khame 21.10.10.55 101.12.00.06 702 backyard landrace Makkae hei47 258468 30069720 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/047 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Lank Khame 21.10.10.55 101.12.00.06 702 backyard landrace Mak hei48 258469 30069721 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/048 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Lank Khame 21.10.11.48 101.12.06.62 705 backyard landrace Mak hei49 258470 30069722 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/049 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Lank Khame 21.10.12.18 101.12.03.82 701 backyard landrace Mak hei50 258471 30069723 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/050 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Lank Khame 21.10.12.18 101.12.03.82 701 backyard landrace Mak hei51 258472 30069724 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/051 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Lank Khame 21.10.12.18 101.12.03.82 701 backyard landrace Mak hei52 258473 30069725 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/052 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Nam da Mai 21.10.51.36 101.13.36.96 766 backyard landrace Makkue53 258474 30069726 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/053 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Sing Nam da Mai 21.10.52.04 101.13.32.89 763 backyard landrace Mak hei54 258475 30069727 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/054 12-Nov Solanum aethiopicum Luang Namtha Namtha Lak Khane Mai Kh 21.08.40.34 101.21.16.26 769 farmstore landrace Mak hei55 258476 30069728 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/055 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Nam Mant 21.07.55.91 101.20.59.10 750 farmstore landrace Mak hei56 258477 30069729 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/056 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Nam Mant 21.07.55.91 101.20.59.10 750 farmstore landrace Mak hei57 258478 30069730 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/057 12-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Namtha Nam Mant 21.07.55.91 101.20.59.10 750 farmstore landrace -58 258479 30069731 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/058 13-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Nalae Hat Na Leng 20.43.46.74 101.25.30.05 498 backyard landrace Mak hoi59 258480 30069732 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/059 13-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Nalae Hat Na Leng 20.43.46.74 101.25.30.05 498 backyard landrace Mak hoi60 258481 30069733 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/060 13-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Nalae Hat Na Leng 20.43.46.74 101.25.30.05 498 backyard landrace Mak hoi61 258482 30069734 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/061 13-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Nalae Hat Na Leng 20.43.48.92 101.25.32.16 495 backyard landrace Mak hoi62 258483 30069735 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/062 13-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Nalae Hat Na Leng 20.43.51.01 101.25.33.20 495 backyard landrace Mak hei63 258484 30069736 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/063 13-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Nalae Hat Na Leng 20.43.53.18 101.25.33.85 492 backyard landrace Mak heu64 258485 30069737 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/064 13-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Nalae Hat Na Leng 20.43.53.32 101.25.33.81 491 backyard landrace Mak ker65 258486 30069738 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/065 13-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Nalae Pou Phat 20.43.05.76 101.25.59.09 502 farmland landrace Mak hu66 258487 30069739 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/066 13-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Nalae Pou Phat 20.43.05.76 101.25.59.09 502 farmland landrace Mak hou67 258488 30069740 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/067 13-Nov Solanum melongena Luang Namtha Nalae Pou Phat 20.43.05.76 101.25.59.09 502 farmland landrace Mak kue68 258489 30069741 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/068 15-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Houay Xay Noung Khone 20.23.15.36 100.34.57.69 424 backyard landrace Mak ken69 258490 30069742 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/069 15-Nov Solanum violaceum Bou Keo Houay Xay Noung Khone 20.23.15.36 100.34.57.69 424 backyard landrace Mak kou70 258491 30069743 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/070 15-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Houay Xay Noung Khone 20.23.16.51 100.34.55.22 419 backyard landrace Mak ken71 258492 30069744 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/071 15-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Houay Xay Noung Khone 20.23.17.71 100.34.56.69 417 farmland landrace Mak kur72 258493 30069745 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/072 15-Nov Solanum aethiopicum Bou Keo Houay Xay Noung Khone 20.23.17.71 100.34.56.69 417 farmland landrace Mak koe73 258494 30069746 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/073 15-Nov Solanum aethiopicum Bou Keo Houay Xay Noung Khone 20.23.17.71 100.34.56.69 417 farmland landrace Mak hai74 258495 30069747 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/074 15-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Houay Xay Peion Sain 20.23.03.32 100.34.51.23 426 backyard landrace Mak koe75 258496 30069748 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/075 15-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Houay Xay Peion Sain 20.23.04.12 100.34.52.42 417 backyard landrace Mak koe76 258497 30069749 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/076 15-Nov Solanum macrocarpon Bou Keo Houay Xay Dand Poue 20.21.50.80 100.33.52.47 436 backyard landrace Mak koue kam77 258498 30069750 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/077 15-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Houay Xay Dand Poue 20.21.49.50 100.33.51.44 435 backyard landrace Mak keoe78 258499 30069751 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/078 15-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Houay Xay Dand Poue 20.21.52.19 100.33.52.24 435 backyard landrace Mak keur79 258500 30069752 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/079 15-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Houay Xay Dand Poue 20.21.53.46 100.33.54.27 424 backyard landrace Mak kew honne80 258501 30069753 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/080 15-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Houay Xay Dand Poue 20.21.53.46 100.33.54.27 424 backyard landrace Mak keoe81 258502 30069754 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/081 15-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Ton Pheung She Meunggen 20.18.25.72 100.10.06.25 367 backyard landrace Mak keur82 258503 30069755 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/082 15-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Ton Pheung She Meunggen 20.18.25.72 100.10.06.25 367 backyard landrace Mak keur


- 127 -- 127 -

Collection

No.

JP No. Passport

No.

JP Name Date Genus and species Province/State District Village North latitude East longitude Elevation

(m)

Source

(Market name)

Status Local name

83 258504 30069756 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/083 15-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Ton Pheung She Meunggen 20.18.25.72 100.10.06.25 367 backyard landrace Mak kaur84 258505 30069757 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/084 16-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Meung Larn Khoum Meung 20.44.07.75 100.27.23.78 601 backyard landrace Mak ker85 258506 30069758 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/085 16-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Meung Larn Khoum Meung 20.44.08.16 100.27.22.71 601 backyard landrace Mak kur86 258507 30069759 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/086 16-Nov Solanum aethiopicum Bou Keo Meung Larn Khoum Meung 20.44.08.16 100.27.22.71 601 backyard landrace Mak ker87 258508 30069760 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/087 16-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Meung Phoum Savang 20.44.39.80 100.28.22.32 634 farmland landrace Mak heir88 258509 30069761 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/088 16-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Meung Phoum Savang 20.44.40.59 100.28.29.86 640 farmland landrace Mak hei89 258510 30069762 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/089 16-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Meung Phoum Savang 20.44.40.65 100.28.31.40 639 farmland landrace Mak hei90 258511 30069763 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/090 16-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Meung Phoum Savang 20.44.41.58 100.28.30.04 641 farmland landrace Mak hei91 258512 30069764 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/091 16-Nov Solanum aethiopicum Bou Keo Meung Phoum Savang 20.44.41.58 100.28.30.04 641 farmland landrace Mak hei92 258513 30069765 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/092 16-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Meung Nam Meung 20.43.36.80 100.27.30.08 583 farmland landrace Mak hei93 258514 30069766 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/093 16-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Meung Nam Meung 20.43.34.59 100.27.29.43 580 farmland landrace Mak ker94 258515 30069767 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/094 16-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Meung Nam Meung 20.43.34.69 100.27.29.92 578 farmland landrace Mak hei95 258516 30069768 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/095 16-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Meung Nam Meung 20.43.31.11 100.27.29.54 578 farmland landrace Mak hei96 258517 30069769 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/096 16-Nov Solanum aethiopicum Bou Keo Meung Houayt Tant 20.42.36.76 100.26.31.23 609 farmland landrace Mak hei97 258518 30069770 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/097 17-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Pha Oudom Pang Thoung 20.07.06.38 100.46.59.04 385 farmland landrace Mak ker98 258519 30069771 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/098 17-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Pha Oudom Pang Thoung 20.07.07.28 100.46.58.69 380 farmland landrace Mak ker99 258520 30069772 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/099 17-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Pha Oudom Pang Thoung 20.07.07.28 100.46.58.69 380 farmland landrace Mak ker

100 258521 30069773 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/100 17-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Pha Oudom Pang Thoung 20.07.07.28 100.46.58.69 380 farmland landrace Mak ker101 258522 30069774 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/101 17-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Pha Oudom Pang Thoung 20.07.07.28 100.46.58.69 380 farmland landrace Mak ker102 258523 30069775 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/102 17-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Pha Oudom Pang Thoung 20.07.07.28 100.46.58.69 380 farmland landrace Mak ker103 258524 30069776 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/103 17-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Pha Oudom Pang Thoung 20.07.07.28 100.46.58.69 380 farmland landrace Mak ker104 258525 30069777 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/104 17-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Pha Oudom Pang Thoung 20.07.11.50 100.46.58.30 389 farmland landrace Mak ker105 258526 30069778 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/105 17-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Pha Oudom See Boun Houng 20.04.26.72 100.49.16.83 417 farmland landrace Mak ker106 258527 30069779 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/106 17-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Pha Oudom See Boun Houng 20.04.26.72 100.49.16.83 417 farmland landrace Mak ker107 258528 30069780 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/107 17-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Pha Oudom See Boun Houng 20.04.24.36 100.49.17.81 413 farmland landrace Mak ker108 258529 30069781 COL/LAOS/2016/NIVFS/108 17-Nov Solanum melongena Bou Keo Pha Oudom See Boun Houng 20.04.24.36 100.49.17.81 413 farmland landrace Mak ker


- 129 -- 129 -

Fig. 1. Main sites visited during the 2016 survey in northwestern Laos ( ● ), plotted on a free map provided by the GMS Sustainable Tourism Development Project in Lao PDR.

- 131 -- 131 -

Photo 1. Mountainous region in Nalae District

Photo 2. Car rented during the survey

Photo 3. Commercial eggplants grown from seeds imported from China or Thailand at a market in Ban Namchang

Photo 4. Survey of eggplants at a farmer’s stall on the way to Luang Namtha

Photo 5. Solanum torvum growing in a garden in Ban Phon Saxsayan (No. 5)

Photo 6. Interviewing local people in Ban Pou Phat

Photo 7. Interviewing local people in Ban Lank Khame

Photo 8. Discussion with the deputy director of the Horticultural Research Center

- 133 -- 133 -

Photo 9. Drying of seeds extracted from the accessions collected during the survey

Photo 10. Reporting our preliminary results to staff of the Horticultural Research Center

Photo 11. Large Chinese-owned plantations of common bean on the way to Luang Namtha

Photo 12. Discussion with staff of the Province Agriculture and Forestry Office of Luang Namtha

Photo 13. Fruits of eggplant collected in Ban Phon Saxsayan (No. 4)

Photo 14. Fruits of Solanum torvum collected in Ban Phon Saxsayan (No. 5)

Photo 15. Fruits of Solanum violaceum collected in Ban Naleu (No. 10)

Photo 16. Fruits of eggplant collected in Ban Namtung (No. 12)

- 135 -- 135 -



Photo 19. The District Agriculture and Forestry Office of Vieng Phoukha

Photo 20. Survey of eggplants in a field in Ban Vieng Savang

Photo 21. Solanum violaceum growing in a garden in Ban Vieng Savang (No. 21)

Photo 22. Fruits of Solanum violaceum collected in Ban Vieng Savang (No. 22)

Photo 23. Fruits of Solanum aethiopicum collected in Ban Vieng Savang (No. 23)

Photo 24. Fruits of eggplant collected in Ban Nam Par (No. 29)

- 137 -- 137 -

Photo 25. Fruits of Solanum violaceum collected in Ban Nam Par (No. 28)

Photo 26. Fruits of eggplant collected in Ban Vieng Savang (No. 34)

Photo 27. Extracting and drying seeds from rotten fruits at a guesthouse

Photo 28. Fruits of Solanum aethiopicum collected in Ban Nang Bou (No. 41)

Photo 29. Immature fruits of eggplant collected in Ban Lank Khame (No. 50). Seeds were extracted from rotten fruit.

Photo 30. Border between Laos and China

Photo 32. Fruits of Solanum aethiopicum collected in Ban Lak Khane Mai Kh (No. 54)

Photo 31. Large Chinese-owned plantations of banana in Ban Nam da Mai, near the border with China, on the way to Luang Namtha

- 139 -- 139 -

Photo 33. Fruits of eggplant collected in Ban Hat Na Leng (No. 58)

Photo 34. Fruits, flower, and leaves of eggplant collected in Ban Hat Na Leng (No. 62)

Photo 35. Eggplants smoked for preservation of seeds in Ban Pou Phat (Nos. 65–67)

Photo 36. Discussion with the deputy director of the Province Agriculture and Forestry Office of Bou Keo

Photo 37. Fruits, flowers, and leaves of Solanum violaceum collected in Ban Noung Khon (No. 69)

Photo 38. Fruits of Solanum aethiopicum collected in Ban Noung Khon (No. 72)

Photo 39. Discussion with the director of the Province Agriculture and Forestry Office of Bou Keo

Photo 40. Donsao, on the borders with Myanmar and China

- 141 -- 141 -

Photo 41. Fruits, flowers, and leaves of eggplant collected in Ban She Meunggen (No. 81)

Photo 42. Discussion with the director of the District Agriculture and Forestry Office of Meung District

Photo 43. District Agriculture and Forestry Office staff of Meung District

Photo 44. A fruit of eggplant collected in Ban Phoum Savang (No. 89)

Photo 45. Discussion with staff of the District Agriculture and Forestry Office of Pha Oudom District

Photo 46. Flower, leaves, immature fruit, and smoked fruits in Ban Pang Thoung (No. 101)

Photo 47. Farewell dinner with staff, including the deputy director, of the Horticultural Research Center in Vientiane

Photo 48. Many commercial vegetable seeds imported from China at a market in Ban Namchang

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Collaborative Exploration and Collection ofPlant Genetic Resources in Cambodia in December 2016

Hisato OKUIZUMI 1), Eri NONAKA 1), Layheng SEANG 2), Chhourn ORN 2), Sophany SAKHAN 2), Makara OUK 2)

1) Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.

2) Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Road 3, Prateahlang, Dangkor, P. O. Box 01, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Communicated by K. NAITO (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received Aug. 31, 2017, Accepted Apr. 2, 2018Corresponding author: H. OKUIZUMI (e-mail: [email protected])

Summary

Collection of plant genetic resources was carried out in northwestern Cambodia from December 4 to 18, 2016. In this survey, 146 genetic resources were collected, including 19 Poaceae accessions, 59 Cucurbitaceae accessions, 26 Solanaceae accessions, 13 Brassicaceae accessions, 18 Fabaceae accessions and 11 other crop accessions.

KEY WORDS: Cambodia, Poaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae

IntroductionNaeem et al. (2016) proposed that the link between biodiversity and human well-being is essential

for sustainable development. This reminds us of the importance of biodiverse for our sustainability. Biodiversity is intimately related to genetic resources.

The mission of the Genetic Resources Center, NARO, includes the collection and conservation of genetic resources for crop improvements, such as increase of yields, stress tolerance, etc., not only domestically, but also overseas. Till date we have only scarce sorghum resources coming from Cambodia. Thus, we conducted a collection trip to Cambodia under the Letter of Agreement (LOA) between the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) and the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) (Tomooka et al. 2012, 2013; Takahashi et al. 2014, 2015). The objective of our collection trip was to sample a wider diversity and use it in the near future for DNA analysis to document the genetic diversity found. Here we present the data of collected landraces of some crops, in Cambodia.

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Five previous surveys have been conducted in Cambodia, which targeted leguminous crops. Additionally, under the Plant Genetic Resources in Asia Project (PGRAsia Project), based on the Joint Research Agreement (JRA) between NIAS and CARDI, four surveys were carried out in northwestern and eastern Cambodia in 2014 and 2015 (Matsunaga et al. 2015; Tanaka K. et al. 2016; Tanaka Y. et al. 2016; Sreynech et al. 2016). The present survey, also conducted under the PGRAsia Project, was planned to target vegetable and cereal crop genetic resources in northwestern Cambodia. Because of the merger of NARO and NIAS in April 2016, all obligations and rights of NIAS under the JRA have been assumed by NARO.

MethodsThe survey was conducted from December 5 to 14, 2016 (Table 1). We collected 146 samples from

23 sites (Fig. 1, Table 2). We used a rental car for the journey. The survey group consisted in a NARO researcher, a Japanese company researcher, a CARDI researcher, and a Cambodian driver. Samples were obtained from villages, markets, or fields. We recorded the location information by using GPS (GARMIN, foretrex301), as well as data (e.g., plant height, panicle length, and local name) and photographs of the collected plant samples. These were sorted out into two categories, (1) Cereal and industrial crops (Collection number 2016-12-C1 - C21, Photographs 1 - 21), and (2) Vegetable and other crops (Collection number C101 - C225, Photographs 22 - 146).

Results(1) December 5 : Phnom Penh - Kandal - Kampong Chhnang - Pursat

The survey started on December 5 in Phnom Penh and continued further toward the western region. In Klaing Tbaeng village, Kandal province, Jae Tea (Cham tribe) provided us with a wax gourd sample as collection number 2016-12-C101 (hereafter C101, Photograph 22), a melon sample (C102, Photograph 23), a pumpkin sample (C103, Photograph 24), an okra sample (C104, Photograph 25), and two eggplant samples (C105 and C106, Photographs 26 and 27). At the market in Kampong Chhnang we gathered two cowpea samples (C107 and C108, Photographs 28 and 29), a chili pepper sample (C109, Photograph 30), a wax gourd sample (C110, Photograph 31), and a pumpkin sample (C111, Photograph 32). At the market in Pursat, a cowpea sample (C112, Photograph 33), two pumpkin samples (C113 and C114, Photographs 34 and 35), and two chili pepper samples (C115 and C116, Photographs 36 and 37) were collected.

Table 1. Itinerary of the survey in CambodiaDate Day Itinerary Collection

5-Dec Mon Phnom Penh Capital - Kandal Prov. -Kampong Chhnang Prov. - Pursat Prov. C101 - C116

6-Dec Tue Battambang Prov. C1, C117 - C1217-Dec Wed Battambang Prov.- Pailin Prov. C2 - C7, C122 - C1468-Dec Thu Pailin Prov. C8 - C11, C147 - C1649-Dec Fri Banteay Meanchey Prov. C165 - C18010-Dec Sat Otdar Meanchey Prov. C12, C13, C181 - C19211-Dec Sun Siem Reap Prov. C14, C15, C193 - C21012-Dec Mon Otdar Meanchey Prov. C1613-Dec Tue Otdar Meanchey Prov. - Siem Reap Prov. C17 - C19, C211 - C22014-Dec Wed Siem Reap Prov. C20, C21, C221 - C225

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(2) December 6: BattambangThe survey continued onto the northwest region. In Kampong Seyma village, Battambang province,

Oun Rany (Khmer) provided us with a maize sample (C1, Photograph 1), three chili pepper samples (C117 - C119, Photographs 38 - 40), and an eggplant sample (C120, Photograph 41). In Khsaeh Poy village, Battambang, In Penh (Khmer) provided us with a luffa sample (C121, Photograph 42).

　(3) December 7: Battambang - Pailin

On December 7, 2016, at the Boung Chouk market in Battambang, we collected three pumpkin

Phnom Penh

KampongChang

Pursat

Battambang

Pailin

SisophonSiem Reap

C101-106

C107-111C112-116

C121

C117-120, C1

C122-141,C2

C142, C7

C3-6

C11

C143-154C155-159,C8-10

C165-176

C177

C178-180

C199-210

C221-224,C19

C193-198

C225, C20, C21

C15

C14

C18 C211-220, C17

C16

THAILAND

103° 104°

14°

13°

12°

CAMBODIA Kandal

Banteay Meanchey

Otdar Meanchey

C12

C13Somlong

Fig. 1. Map of collection sites ☆ Main city ★ Main city and collection site ● Collection site The name of the province is boxed, but not indicated when the names of the capital city and province are the same.

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samples (C122 - C124, Photographs 43 - 45), a water melon sample (C125, Photograph 46), and three melon samples (C126 - C128, Photographs 47 - 49). At the Roung Lakhon market we collected a maize sample (C2, Photograph 2), a cowpea sample (C129, Photograph 50), a soybean sample (C130, Photograph 51), a luffa sample (C131, Photograph 52), a water melon sample (C132, Photograph 53), a pumpkin sample (C133, Photograph 54), a wax gourd sample (C134, Photograph 55), a cucumber sample (C135, Photograph 56), a melon sample (C136, Photograph 57), two pak choi samples (C137 and C139, Photographs 58 and 60), a Chinese cabbage sample (C138, Photograph 59), a Brassica juncea sample (C140, Photograph 61), and a kale (pointed leaf) sample (C141, Photograph 62). In Boribo village, Yim Hoeun (Khmer) provided us with four sorghum samples (C3 - C6, Photographs 3 - 6) and on the roadside, an okra (weedy) sample (C142, Photograph 63) was collected. According to Yim Hoeun, they planted sorghum in the fields of 10 by 30 m and feed leaves and grains to cows and chicken, respectively. In Cher Neng village, an Erianthus sample (C7, Photograph 7) was collected, while in Veal Vong village, Pailin, Srey Neang (Khmer) provided us with a chili pepper sample (C143, Photograph 64), a winged bean sample (C144, Photogragh 65), an eggplant sample (C145, Photograph 66), and an okra sample (C146, Photograph 67).

(4) December 8: PalinAt the Pailin market, we collected a tomato sample (C147, Photograph 68), a chili pepper sample

(C148, Photograph 69), three pumpkin samples (C149 - C151, Photographs 70 - 72), a Brassica rapa sample (C152, Photograph 73), a leaf mustard sample (C153, Photograph 74), and a lettuce sample (C154, Photograph 75). At Bos Sroum village, Pailin, an Erianthus sample (C8, Photograph 8), a maize sample (C9, Photograph 9), a sorghum sample (C10, Photograph 10), an okra sample (C155, Photograph 76), a luffa sample (C156, Photograph 77), a sacha inchi sample (C157, Photograph 78), a pumpkin sample (C158, Photograph 79), and a melon sample (C159, Photograph 80) were collected. Additionally, we found two sorghum samples; one by the roadside, and the other between a maize and a cassava field. However, they were too young to collect. In Tro Nob village, Yay Chhourm (Khmer) provided us with a melon sample (C160, Photograph 81), a pumpkin sample (C161, Photograph 82), two chili pepper samples (C162 and C163, Photographs 83 and 84), and a cowpea sample (C164, Photograph 85). Along the road to Kamrieng village, a sorghum sample (C11, Photograph 11) was collected. Despite herbicide spray on the sorghum plants along the road some time ago, plants apparently remained alive.

(5) December 9: Banteay MeancheyTwo melon samples (C165 and C166, Photographs 86 and 87), two cucumber samples (C167 and

C168, Photographs 88 and 89), two leaf mustard samples (C169 and C174, Photographs 90 and 95), a kale (pointed leaf) sample (C170, Photograph 91), a eryngium (foetid) sample (C171, Photograph 92), a Brassica rapa sample (C172, Photograph 93), a Chinese cabbage sample (C173, Photograph 94), a bunching onion sample (C175, Photograph 96), and a cauliflower sample (C176, Photograph 97) were collected at the Poy Peat market. In Ondoung Thor village, Ya Ry (Khmer) provided us with a star-shaped sacha inchi sample (C177, Photograph 98). In Snay Don Kout village (Khmer), Kao Kour provided us with a luffa sample (C178, Photograph 99), a wax gourd sample (C179, Photograph 100), and a bottle gourd sample (C180, Photograph 101).

　　

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(6) December 10: Otder MeancheyWe visited the community deputy in Sisophon village; he did not know sorghum. According to him,

the main local products in the village were rice, melon, and herb. He told us that in this region, they can harvest 5 ton/ha of paddy rice and and 1.5 to 3 ton/ha of floating rice in dry and rainy seasons, respectively. In Thnol Dack village, To Thy (Khmer) provided us with a melon sample (C181, Photograph 102), a water melon sample (C182, Photogragh 103), and a pumpkin sample (C183, Photograph 104). According to the residents, some 10 years ago they used to eat sorghum and to fed the leaves to cattles. However, there seem to be no sorghums now. In Somlong village, a maize sample (C12, Photograph 12) was collected. In Prey Veng village, Kim Heurb (Khmer) provided us with a tomato sample (C184, Photograph 105), an eggplant sample (C185, Photograph 106), a melon sample (C186, Photograph 107), and a water melon sample (C187, Photograph 108). Many people planted sorghum 40 years ago. They used to eat white grain sorghum as a snack and called sorghum ‘Tapo.̕ In Preal village, Lin Hes (Khmer) provided us with a cotton sample (C13, Photograph 13), a melon sample (C188, Photograph 109), a pumpkin sample (C189, Photograph 110), a cowpea sample (C190, Photograph 111), a chili pepper sample (C191, Photograph 112), and an eggplant sample (C192, Photograph 113).

(7) December 11: Siem ReapIn Knar village, Siem Reap, Chanthy (Khmer) provided us with a pumpkin sample (C193,

Photograph 114), an eggplant sample (C194, Photograph 115), a wild cucurbit sample (C195, Photograph 116), two cowpea samples (C196 and C197, Photographs 117 and 118), and a luffa sample (C198, Photograph 119). According someone in the village, sorghums were discarded 3 years ago. These sorghums had black grains and their stems were sweet. In Koh Chrum Thney village, Ven Kean (Khmer) provided us with a sorghum sample (C14, Photograph 14), an eggplant sample (C199, Photograph 120), a pumpkin sample (C200, Photograph 121), a melon sample (C201, Photograph 122), and a water melon sample (C202, Photograph 123). Sorghums were discarded around the region 2 years ago. One person told us that they had planted black-grain and white-grain sorghum a few years ago. In Trop Kha village, Srenoy, Ngin Thon (Khmer) provided us with a sorghum sample (C15, Photograph 15), two eggplant samples (C203 and C204, Photographs 124 and 125), a melon sample (C205, Photograph 126), four pumpkin samples (C206, C208 - C210, Photographs 127, 129 - 131), and a bottle gourd sample (C207, Photograph 128). Someone told us that foxtail millet has not been seen in the last 5 years.

(8) December 12:In the middle of survey, we visited some villages and interviewed people. In one village, they said

they planted sorghum as parrots feed to prevent parrots eating rice six years ago. They had two kind of foxtail millets three years ago. In the another village they had planted white-grain sorghums around maize fields two years ago, and ate sorghum as a snack. In the next village, people had planted sorghum around paddy field before 1980. On the main road, an Erianthus sample (C16, Photograph 16) was collected. In a village inhabited by a minority established in 1993, some people planted black-grain sorghum in the rainy season. However, it was discarded.

(9) December 13: Otder Meanchey - Siem ReapIn Sray Chek village, Otder Meanchey district, Khek Kheang (Khmer) provided us with a sesame

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sample (C17, Photograph 17), a melon sample (C211, Photograph 132), a pumpkin sample (C212, Photograph 133), a water melon sample (C213, Photograph 134), six cowpea samples (C214 - C219, Photographs 135 - 140), and a luffa sample (C220, Photograph 141). In Apivath village, Chhun Chantrea (Khmer) provided us with a ‘Job’s tears’ sample (C18, Photograph 18). In Sre Noy village, Siem Reap, Chhem Chep (Khmer) provided us with a sorghum sample (C19, Photograph 19). We interviewed a staff member of the community office about sorghum and foxtail millet. He told us that farmers in this region planted cash crops, but neither sorghum nor foxtail millet. However the minorities in the northeast region had sorghum.

(10) December 14: Siem ReapIn Wat village, Siem Reap district, an aged lady provided us with two eggplant samples (C221 and

C222, Photographs 142 and 143), a cowpea sample (C223, Photograph 144), and a sword bean sample (C224, Photograph 145). In Kam Prom village, Cheu Khan provided us with two sorghum samples (C20 and C21, Photographs 20 and 21) and an eggplant sample (C225, Photograph 146).

DiscussionIn all, 146 accessions of genetic resources were collected in the present survey, including 22

pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) accessions, 15 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) accessions, 15 melon (Cucumis melo L.) accessions, 13 eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) accessions, 11 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) accessions, 11 chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) accessions, six water melon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) accessions, six luffa (Luffa cylindrica M. Roem) accessions, six Brassica rapa (Brassica rapa L.) accessions, four maize (Zea mays L.) accessions, four wax gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.) accessions, four okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) accessions, four Brassica juncea (Brassica juncea (L.) Czerniak) accessions, three Erianthus (Erianthus procerus (Roxb.) Raizada) accessions, three cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions, three Brassica oleracea (Brassica oleracea L.) accessions, two bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Molina) accessions, two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) accessions, two sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) accessions, one ‘Job’s tears’ (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) accession, one sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) accession, one cotton (Gossypium sp.) accession, one winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) accession, one soybean (Glycine max Merrill) accession, one curly green lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) accession, one bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) accession, one eryngium (foetid) (Eryngium foetidum L.) accession, one sword bean (Canavalia gladiate (Jacq.) DC.) accession, and one wild cucurbit (Trichosanthes cucumeroides Maxim.) accession (Tables 2 and 3). The collected genetic resources will be used for characterization and evaluation at both, CARDI and Genetic Resources Center, NARO.

(1) Cereal and industrial crops 1) Sorghum bicolor

A total of 11 accessions of sorghum were collected in this survey. Sorghum were locally called ‘Pot Baraing’ in Battambang, ‘Kantream’ and ‘Spor’ in Siem Reap, and ‘Sapov’ in Otdar Meanchey. Plant height and panicle length ranged from 1.6 to 3.0 m, and from 18 cm to 37 cm, respectively. Three of the collected sorghums had black grains, while the rest had white or brown grains. In many villages, sorghums were discarded 2 to 10 years ago. Khmer people used to eat sorghum grains as a snack before, but they did

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not use sorghum any more in recent years. 2) Erianthus procerus

Erianthus were locally called ‘Treang.’ Their plant heights and panicle lengths were 4.5, 5.8 and 4 m, and 81, 70 and 62 cm respectively. In Cambodia, Erianthus is recognized as a weed. 3) Zea mays

Maize was called ‘Pot Domnearb’ or ‘Pot.’ Plant height ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 m, and cob length was 9 to 18 cm in length. In Battambang, maize was planted twice a year, in March and July. 4) Coix lacryma-jobi

One ‘Job’s tears’ accession was collected which was called ‘Skvy’ in the collection area. It had all three colors; black, gray, and yellow grains, all on the same individual.5) Sesame (Sesamum indicum)

The sesame accession was called ‘La-ngor Kadek.’ The seed pods of this accession were 4 cm long and 2 cm in diameter.6) Cotton (Gossypium spp.)

The cotton accession was called ‘Kabas’ in Preal village. Plant height was 1.5 m.

Table 2. Number of collected genetic resourcesSpecies Name NumberSorghum bicolor 11Erianthus procerus 3Zea Mays 4Coix lacryma-jobi 1Sesamum indicum 1Gossypium spp. 1Cucurbita moschata 22Cucumis melo 15Citrullus lanatus 6Luffa cylindrica 6Benincasa hispida 4Cucumis sativa 3Lagenaria siceraria 2Trichosanthes cucumeroides 1Solanum melongena 13Capsicum annuum 11Lycopersicum esculentum 2Brassica rapa 6Brassica juncea 4Brassica oleracea 3Vigna unguiculata 15Glycine max 1Psophocarpus tetragonolobus 1Canavalia gladiata 1Hibiscus esculentus 4Plukenetia volubilis 2Allium fistulosum 1Lactuca sativa 1Eryngium fortidum 1Total 146

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(2) Vegetable and other crops 1) Cucurbitaceae

A total of 59 Cucurbitaceae samples were collected, including 22 pumpkin accessions, 15 melon accessions, six water melon accessions, six luffa accessions, four wax gourd accessions, three cucumber accessions, two bottle gourd accessions, and one wild cucurbit accession. Pumpkin accessions were called ‘La Pov’ or ‘La Pov’ with the words such as ‘Kluang’ and ‘King.’ ‘La Pov’ indicates pumpkin in the survey area. Pumpkin were used for soups or desserts. Melon accessions were called ‘Tra Sork Srov’ in most villages we visited. Other local names were ‘Trop Roluy,’ ‘Trop Kha,’ and ‘Trop Pong Lolok.’ Locals ate melon flesh as a dessert. Water melon accessions were commonly called ‘Ov Lek’ in this area. Mature and young fruits were consumed as a dessert and soup, respectively. The local generic name for the luffa accessions was ‘Nonong.’ Cambodian people used luffa for soup and fries. Wax gourd accessions were called ‘Tro Laeh,’ ‘Troleah Treung,’ and ‘Tro Leah Srov’ in the region. They were used for soup. Bottle gourd accessions were called ‘Klov’ or ‘Klov Veng.’ They were also used for soup. A wild cucurbit accession was the same as the species Japanese snake gourd ‘KARASUURI.’ People thought, “it is not edible, and could be toxic.ˮ A wild cucurbit was called ‘Tro Sork Kaek’ in Knar village. 2) Solanaceae

A total of 26 Solanaceae samples were collected, including 13 eggplant accessions, 11 chili pepper accessions, and two tomato accessions. Eggplant accessions had various names in the area, ‘Trop Moal,’ ‘Trop Sruy,’ ‘Trop Veng,’ ‘Trop Kha,’ and ‘Trop Roluy.’ ‘Trop’ was commonly used for almost all types of eggplants. Cambodian people ate eggplants raw or used it for soup. C203 was collected at Sre Noy village, its fruits were covered with hair. Chili pepper accessions were called ‘Mates Dai Neang,’ ‘Mates Ach Sath,’ ‘Mates Dai Neang Thoch,’ ‘Mates Dai Nrang Taem,’ ‘Mates Thom,’ and ‘Mates Sor.’ It is suggested that ‘Mates’ indicates chili pepper in this region. Chili pepper were used as a condiment. Tomato accessions were called ‘Peng Pos’ in the surveyed area. They were used for soup. 3) Brassicaceae

Thirteen Brassicacea samples were collected, including six B. rapa, four B. juncea, and three B. oleracea accessions. Brassica rapa included two pak choi accessions, two Chinese cabbage accessions, and two B. rapa accessions. Pak choi accessions were called ‘Spai Chai Sem’ and ‘Spai Tour.’ Chinese cabbage accessions were called ‘Spai Kro Gnagn,’ and are used for fries, soup or fresh salads. Other B. rapa accessions were called ‘Spai Chang Kors.’ Brassica juncea included three leaf mustard accessions and another B. juncea accession. Leaf mustard accessions were called ‘Spai Kmao,’ ‘Spai Chang Kers,’ and ‘Spai Kdorb.’ Another B. juncea accession was called ‘Spai Kmao’ the same as leaf mustard. Brassica oleracea included two kale (pointed leaf) accessions and one cauliflower accession. Kale (pointed leaf) accessions were called ‘Kat Na,’ and cauliflower was called ‘Kat Na Phuka.’ ‘Spai’ was commonly used for all accession names of B. rapa and B. juncea. 4) Fabaceae

Fifteen cowpea, one soybean, one winged bean, and one sword bean accession were collected. Cowpea accessions were named ‘Sandek Maw,’ ‘Sorndek Korng,’ ‘Sondek Ong Koy,’ ‘Sondek Taon,’ ‘Sandek Chhou,’ ‘Sandek Meas,’ or ‘Sandek Buy.’ ‘Sandek’ and ‘Sondek’ are the main words for referring to cowpea. Six of them were black beans, three were pale yellow, two were red, two were red and black, one was green, and one was yellowish green. Cambodian people in this region usually eat cowpea as a sweet with boiled beans. A soybean accession was called ‘Sandek Maw.’ People eat soybean as a sweet.

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A winged bean accession and a sword bean accession were called ‘Poh Peay’ and ‘Popeay Baraing,’ respectively. Winged bean was used for soup. 5) Okra (Hibiscus esculentus)

Okra accessions are called ‘Pot Baraing’ in the collection area. Okra is used for soup or boiled. 6) Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis)

Sacha inchi accessions are called ‘Sandek Pkay.’ Their mature seeds are used for fries, and leaves and seeds are used for tea, respectively. 7) Bunching onion (Allium fistulosum)

A bunching onion accession is called ‘Ktam Sleuk’ and is used for fries. 8) Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

A lettuce accession is called ‘Salad’ and is used as salad. 9) Eryngium (Eryngium foetidum)

Eryngium (foetid) is a herb. This is called ‘Chi Rona’ in the collection area, and is used for soup or is eaten raw.

(3) Local plant genetic resources in northwestern CambodiaIn northwestern Cambodia, some old villages were lost because of a civil war. It is suggested that

the local plant genetic resources were also lost with those villages. Thus, the plant genetic resources might have been mixed up with the ones brought by the people relocated from other area of Cambodia during the war. Additionally, it is suggested that Khmer people in this area had not used vegetable genetic resources before. However, people in the cities, including Siem Reap have planted a variety of vegetables upon request from tourists. Considering these circumstances, careful collection of landraces is required in the region.

　　Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant (PGRAsia project) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of the Government of Japan.

ReferencesMatsunaga H, Matsushima K, Tanaka K, Theavy S, Layheng S, Channa T, Takahashi Y, Tomooka N

(2015) Collaborative exploration of the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae vegetable genetic resources in Cambodia, 2014. AREIPGR 31: 169-187.

Naeem S, Chazdon R, Duffy JE, Prager C, Worm B (2016) Biodiversity and human well-being: an essential link for sustainable development. Proc R Soc B 283: 20162091.

[http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2091]Sreynech O, Sophany S, Nonaka E, Okuizumi H (2016) Collaborative exploration and collection of plant

genetic resources in Cambodia November 2015. AREIPGR 32: 89-107.Takahashi Y, Peou U, Layheng S, Channa T, Makara O, Tomooka N (2014) Collection and conservation of

leguminous crops and their wild relatives in Cambodia, 2013. AREIPGR 30: 109-143.Takahashi Y, Layheng S, Channa T, Makara O, Tomooka N (2015) Exploration of leguminous crops and

their wild relatives in western regions of Cambodia, 2014. AREIPGR 31: 121-149.Tanaka K, Duong T, Yamashita H, Layheng S, Sophany S, Kato K (2016) Collection of cucurbit crops

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(Cucurbitaceae) from eastern Cambodia, 2015. AREIPGR 32: 109-137.Tanaka Y, Matsunaga H, Theavy S, Layheng S, Sophany S (2016) Collaborative survey of Solanaceae

genetic resources in eastern Cambodia, 2015. AREIPGR 32: 139-157.Tomooka N, Ra T, Vathany T, Channa T, Makara O (2012) Collection and conservation of leguminous

crops and their wild relatives in Cambodia, 2011. AREIPGR 28: 125-137.Tomooka N, Phal P, Layheng S, Channa T, Makara O (2013) Collection and conservation of leguminous

crops and their wild relatives in Cambodia, 2012. AREIPGR 29: 135-159.

カンボジアにおける植物遺伝資源の探索・収集，2016年 12月

奧泉久人 1）・野中絵梨 1）・Layheng SEANG 2)・Chhourn ORN 2）・Sophany SAKHAN 2)・Makara OUK 2）

1) 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構遺伝資源センター2) カンボジア農業開発研究所

和文摘要　本研究は，農林水産省委託事業「海外植物遺伝資源の収集・提供強化」（PGRAsia プロジェクト）の研究の一環として，カンボジアにおける海外植物遺伝資源の探索・収集に関して 2016 年 12 月に行われた．本探索では，カンボジア北西部の村を対象に，雑穀類および野菜遺伝資源の探索・収集および情報収集を行った．その結果，イネ科 19 点，ウリ科 59 点，ナス科 26 点，アブラナ科 13 点，マメ科 18 点，その他 11 点の合計 146 点の遺伝資源を収集した．収集した遺伝資源は，カンボジア農業開発研究所および農研機構遺伝資源センターで特性評価を行う予定である．

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Table 3. Passport data of collected materialsNo. Coll. No. JP No. Coll.

DateSpecies name English

common name

Type of Sample

Local name Status Locality (Province, Villege)

Source Latitude Longitude Altitude (m)

Condition* Remarks Photo No./image

1 2016-12-C1

258991 Dec 6 Zea mays L. maize Seed Pot Domnearb Landrace Battambang, Kampong Seyma

Farmland N13-03-30.8

E103-11-43.2

11 Plain level- Level - None - Clay - Moderate

Oun Rahy (Khmer) Plant hight 2m, Cob length 12cm

1/865

2 2016-12-C2

258992 Dec 7 Zea mays L. maize Seed Pot Landrace Battambang, Toul Ta Ek Market

Farmstore N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 2/923, 1044

3 2016-12-C3

258993 Dec 7 Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor

sorghum Seed Pot Baraing Landrace Battambang, Boribo


E102-55-05.1

88 Plain level - Level - Low - Clay - Poor

Yim Hoeun (Khmer) Plant hight 2.5m, Panicle length 29cm

3/947

4 2016-12-C4




E102-55-05.1



4/950

5 2016-12-C5




E102-55-05.1



5/951

6 2016-12-C6




E102-55-05.1


Yim Hoeun (Khmer) Plant hight 2.5m

6/952

7 2016-12-C7

258997 Dec 7 Erianthus procerus (Roxb.) Raizada

erianthus Vegetative and Seed

Treang Wild Battambang, Cher Neng

Wild N12-50-58.2

E102-47-17.3

81 Plain level - Slope - Low - Clay - Good

Plant hight 4.5m, Panicle length 81cm 7/962

8 2016-12-C8



Treang Wild Pailin, Bos Sroum Wild N12-53-57.5

E102-35-25.9

149 Hilly - Slope - Low - Clay - Moderate


9 2016-12-C9

258999 Dec 8 Zea mays L. maize Seed Pot Domnearb Landrace Pailin, Bos Sroum Farmland N12-55-01.0

E102-35-32.8

124 Hilly - Slope - None - Clay - Moderate

Plant hight 1.5m, Cob length 18cm 9/1094

10 2016-12-C10


sorghum Seed Weedy Pailin, Bos Sroum Farmland N12-57-01.0

E102-35-21.5

108 Hilly - Level - None - Clay - Moderate


11 2016-12-C11


sorghum Seed Weedy Pailin, Komurie Farmland N13-02-23.0

E102-31-22.4

88 Plain level - Level - No data - Clay - Moderate


12 2016-12-C12

259002 Dec 10 Zea mays L. maize Seed Pot Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Somlong


E103-16-14.6

66 Plain level - Level - None - Clay - Poor

Plant hight 1.7m, Cob length 9cm 12/1197

13 2016-12-C13

259003 Dec 10 Gossypium spp. cotton Seed Kabas Landrace Otdor Meanchey, Preal


E103-24-23.2


Lin Hes (Khmer) Plant hight 1.5m

13/1249

14 2016-12-C14


sorghum Seed Kantream Landrace Siem Reap, Koh Chrum Thney


E103-57-08.6

43 Plain level - Level - None - Loam - Moderate

Van Kean (Khmer) Plant hight 3m, Panicle length 30cm

14/1305, 1306

15 2016-12-C15


sorghum Seed Kantream Landrace Siem Reap, Sre Noy


E104-01-50.1


Ngin Tong (Khmer) Plant hight 2.8m, Panicle length 27cm

15/1329

16 2016-12-C16



Treang Wild Otdar Meanchey Wild N14-09-47.9

E104-21-05.1

107 Plain level - Level - Low - Loam - Moderate

Plant hight 4m, Panicle length 62cm 16/1371

17 2016-12-C17

259007 Dec 13 Sesamum indicum L. sesame Seed La-ngor Kadek Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Sray Chek


E104-07-43.6

51 Plain level - Level - No data - Loam - Moderate

Khek Kheang (Kuy) Plant hight 1.2m, Seed pod 4cm, φ2cm

17/1387

18 2016-12-C18

259008 Dec 13 Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. lacryma-jobi

job's tears Seed Skvy Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Apivath

N14-14-41.3

E104-04-33.2

48 Plain level - Level - Low - Loam - Moderate

Chhun Chantrea (Khmer) Plant hight 2m

18/1417

19 2016-12-C19


sorghum Seed Spor Landrace Siem Reap, Sre Noy


E104-01-15.3


Chhem Chep (Khmer) Plant hight 3m, Panicle length 30cm

19/1435

20 2016-12-C20


sorghum Seed Kantream Landrace Siem Reap, Kamprom


E104-00-05.0

57 Plain level - Level - No data - Loam - Poor

Chea Khan (Khmer) Plant hight 1.6m, Panicle length 18cm

20/1485

21 2016-12-C21


sorghum Seed Sapov Landrace Siem Reap, Kamprom

Chea Khan (Khmer) 21/

22 2016-12-C101

259012 Dec 5 Benincasa hispida Cogn.

wax gourd Seed Tro Laeh Landrace Kandal, Klaing Tbaeng


E104-48-38.3

6 Plain level - Level - None - Nodata - No data

Jae Tea (Cham) used for soup

22/7523

23 2016-12-C102

259013 Dec 5 Cucumis melo L. melon Seed Tra Sork Srov Landrace Kandal, Klaing Tbaeng


E104-48-38.3

6 Plain level - Level - None - Nodata - No data

Jae Tea (Cham) used for dessert

23/7524

- 154 -

Table 3. (Continued).No. Coll. No. JP No. Coll.


common name

Type of Sample




24 2016-12-C103

259014 Dec 5 Cucurbita moschata Duch.

pumpkin Seed Lapov Landrace Kandal, Klaing Tbaeng


E104-48-38.3

6 Plain level - Level - No data - No data - No data

Jae Tea (Cham) used for soup

24/7529

25 2016-12-C104

259015 Dec 5 Hibiscus esculentus L. okra Seed Pot Baraing Landrace Kandal, Klaing Tbaeng

Backyard N11-48-07.9

E104-48-38.3


Jae Tea (Cham) used by boiling

25/7530

26 2016-12-C105

259016 Dec 5 Solanum melongena L.

eggplant Seed Trop Moal Landrace Kandal, Klaing Tbaeng


E104-48-38.3

6 Plain level - Level - Low - Clay - Moderate

Jae Tea (Cham) used fresh or for soup

26/7535

27 2016-12-C106


eggplant 0 Trop Sruy Landrace Kandal, Klaing Tbaeng


E104-48-38.3

6 Plain level - Level - Low - Clay - Moderate

Jae Tea (Cham) used fresh or for soup

27/7536

28 2016-12-C107

259018 Dec 5 Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

cowpea Seed Sondek Ong Koy

Kampong Chhnang Village market

N12-15-16.2

E104-40-09.1

22 K-Chhnang Market used for sweets

28/7563

29 2016-12-C108


cowpea Seed Sondek Krohorm


N12-15-16.2

E104-40-09.1

22 K-Chhnang Market used for sweets

29/7564

30 2016-12-C109

259020 Dec 5 Capsicum annuum L. chili pepper Seed Mates Dai Neang


N12-15-16.2

E104-40-09.1

22 K-Chhnang Market used for condiment

30/7566

31 2016-12-C110


wax gourd Seed Trolaeh Treung

Landrace Kampong Chhnang Village market

N12-15-16.2

E104-40-09.1

22 K-Chhnang Market used for soup, long and big fruits

31/7572

32 2016-12-C111


pumpkin Seed La Pov Kluang Landrace Kampong Chhnang Village market

N12-15-16.2

E104-40-09.1

22 K-Chhnang Market / sticky fruit 32/7570

33 2016-12-C112


cowpea Seed Songdek Kmao

Landrace Pursat Village market

N12-32-20.0

E103-55-13.4

21 Market used for sweets

33/7565

34 2016-12-C113


pumpkin Seed La Pov Klauk Landrace Pursat Village market

N12-32-20.0

E103-55-13.4

21 Market used for soup

34/7550

35 2016-12-C114


pumpkin Seed La Pov Krong Landrace Pursat Village market

N12-32-20.0

E103-55-13.4

21 Market / big fruits used for soup

35/7553

36 2016-12-C115

259026 Dec 5 Capsicum annuum L. chili pepper Seed Mates Ach Sath


N12-32-20.0

E103-55-13.4

21 Market used for condiment

36/7567

37 2016-12-C116



N12-32-20.0

E103-55-13.4

21 Market used for condiment

37/7568

38 2016-12-C117

259028 Dec 6 Capsicum annuum L. chili pepper Seed Mates Dai Neang Thoch

Landrace Battambang, Kampong Seyma


E103-11-43.2

11 Plain level - Level - None - Clay - Moderate

Oun Rany (Khmer) used for condiment

37/75778

39 2016-12-C118

259029 Dec 6 Capsicum annuum L. chili pepper Seed Mates Dai Neang Taem



E103-11-43.2


Oun Rany (Khmer) / very spicy used for condiment

39/7578

40 2016-12-C119




E103-11-43.2


Oun Rany (Khmer) used for condiment

40/7580

41 2016-12-C120


eggplant Seed Trop Sruy Landrace Battambong, Kampong Seyma


E103-11-43.2


Oun Rany (Khmer) used for soup

41/7581

42 2016-12-C121

259032 Dec 6 Luffa cylindrica M. Roem

luffa Seed Nonong Proher

Landrace Battambang, Khsaeh Poy


E103-11-32.7


In Penh (Khmer) used for soup

42/7586

43 2016-12-C122


pumpkin Seed La Pov Pime Landrace Battambang, Boung Chouk

Village market

N13-06-18.9

E103-11-44.1

16 Boung Chouk Market / sweet used for soup

43/7591

44 2016-12-C123


pumpkin Seed La Pov Landrace Battambang, Boung Chouk

Village market

N13-06-18.9

E103-11-44.1

16 Boung Chouk Market used for soup

44/7593

45 2016-12-C124


pumpkin Seed La Pov Krong Landrace Battambang, Boung Chouk

Village market

N13-06-18.9

E103-11-44.1

16 Boung Chouk Marketv/ rough skin used for soup

45/7594

46 2016-12-C125

259036 Dec 7 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai

water melon

Seed Ov Lek Landrace Battambang, Boung Chouk

Village market

N13-06-18.9

E103-11-44.1

16 Boung Chouk Market used for dessert

46/7600

- 155 -



common name

Type of Sample




47 2016-12-C126

259037 Dec 7 Cucumis melo L. melon Seed Tra Sork Srov Landrace Battambang, Boung Chouk

Village market

N13-06-18.9

E103-11-44.1


47/7602

48 2016-12-C127


Village market

N13-06-18.9

E103-11-44.1


48/7647

49 2016-12-C128


Village market

N13-06-18.9

E103-11-44.1


49/7650

50 2016-12-C129


cowpea Seed Sandek Maw Landrace Battambang, Roung Lakhon

Village market

N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 Roung Lakhon Market used for sweets At market, sold boiled young fruits

50/7652

51 2016-12-C130

259041 Dec 7 Glycine max Merrill soybean Seed Sandek Siang Landrace Battambang, Roung Lakhon

Village market

N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 Roung Lakhon Market used for sweets Sow July → harvest October

51/7654

52 2016-12-C131


luffa Seed Nou Nong Proher

Landrace Battambang, Roung Lakhon

Village market

N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 Roung Lakhon Market good smell

52/7655

53 2016-12-C132


water melon

Seed Ov Lek Landrace Battambang, Roung Lakhon

Village market

N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 Roung Lakhon Market used for soup (young fruits)

53/7656

54 2016-12-C133


pumpkin Seed La Pov King Kouk


Village market

N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 Roung Lakhon Market / big fruits used for soup

54/7657

55 2016-12-C134


wax gourd Seed Tro Laeh Srov Landrace Battambang, Roung Lakhon

Village market

N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 Roung Lakhon Market / small fruits used for soup

55/7658

56 2016-12-C135

259046 Dec 7 Cucumis sativus L. cucumber Seed Tro Soh Phrow Landrace Battambang, Roung Lakhon

Village market

N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 Roung Lakhon Market / small (short) fruits used for soup

56/7659

57 2016-12-C136

259047 Dec 7 Cucumis melo L. melon Seed Tra Sork Srov Landrace Battambang, Roung Lakhon

Village market

N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 Roung Lakhon Market / big fruits used for dessert

57/8039

58 2016-12-C137

259048 Dec 7 Brassica rapa L. Chinensis Group

pak choi Seed Spai Chai Sem Landrace Battambang, Roung Lakhon

Village market

N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 Roung Lakhon Market 58/8107

59 2016-12-C138

259049 Dec 7 Brassica rapa L. Pekinensis Group

chinese cabbage

Seed Spai Kro Gnagn


Village market

N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 Roung Lakhon Market used for soup, fry, fresh

59/8108

60 2016-12-C139

259050 Dec 7 Brassica rapa L. Chinensis Group

pak choi Seed Spai Tour Landrace Battambang, Roung Lakhon

Village market

N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 Roung Lakhon Market used for fry

60/8109

61 2016-12-C140

259051 Dec 7 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Cernua Group

Brassica juncea

Seed Spai Kmao Landrace Battambang, Roung Lakhon

Village market

N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 Roung Lakhon Market used for fry

61/8110

62 2016-12-C141

259052 Dec 7 Brassica oleracea L. Alboglabra Group

ponted leaf kale

Seed Kat Na Landrace Battambang, Roung Lakhon

Village market

N13-06-16.4

E103-11-33.6

17 Roung Lakhon Market 62/8111

63 2016-12-C142

259053 Dec 7 Hibiscus esculentus L. okra Seed Pot Baraing Weedy Battambang, Ta Krouk

Wild N12-50-49.4

E102-46-00.7


roadside used for soup

63/7666

64 2016-12-C143


Landrace Pailin, Veal Vong Farmland N12-51-14.1

E102-35-15.1

189 Plain level - Level - None - Clay - Good

Srey Neang (Khmer) / vigorous used for condiment

64/7667

65 2016-12-C144

259055 Dec 7 Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.

winged bean

Seed Poh Peay Landrace Pailin, Veal Vong Farmland N12-51-14.1

E102-35-15.1


Srey Neang (Khmer) / vigorous used for soup, boiled

65/7668

66 2016-12-C145


eggplant Seed Trop Sruy Landrace Pailin, Veal Vong Farmland N12-51-14.1

E102-35-15.1


Srey Neang (Khmer) / vigorous used for soup, fresh

66/7669

67 2016-12-C146

259057 Dec 7 Hibiscus esculentus L. okra Seed Pot Baraing Landrace Pailin, Veal Vong Farmland N12-51-14.1

E102-35-15.1


Srey Neang (Khmer) / vigorous used for soup

67/7670

- 156 -



common name

Type of Sample




68 2016-12-C147

259058 Dec 8 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

tomato Seed Peng Pos Landrace Pailin, Pailin Village market

N12-51-36.7

E102-36-11.7

167 Pailin Market used for soup

68/7709

69 2016-12-C148

259059 Dec 8 Capsicum annuum L. chili pepper Seed Mates thom Landrace Pailin, Pailin Village market

N12-51-36.7

E102-36-11.7

167 Pailin Market / dry material used for condiment

69/7977

70 2016-12-C149


pumpkin Seed La Pov King Kouk

Landrace Pailin, Pailin Village market

N12-51-36.7

E102-36-11.7

167 Pailin Market / sweet, rough skin, big used for soup

70/7682

71 2016-12-C150


pumpkin Seed La Pov Trou Landrace Pailin, Pailin Village market

N12-51-36.7

E102-36-11.7

167 Pailin Market / orange pumpkin used for soup

71/7685

72 2016-12-C151


pumpkin Seed La Pov Trou Landrace Pailin, Pailin Village market

N12-51-36.7

E102-36-11.7

167 Pailin Market / dark green skin used for soup

72/7687

73 2016-12-C152

259063 Dec 8 Brassica rapa L. Oleifera Group

Brassica rapa

Seed Spai Chang Kors

Landrace Pailin, Pailin Village market

N12-51-36.7

E102-36-11.7

167 Pailin Market used for boil, fry

73/8112

74 2016-12-C153


leaf mustard

Seed Spai Kdorb Landrace Pailin, Pailin Village market

N12-51-36.7

E102-36-11.7

167 Pailin Market used for fry

74/8113

75 2016-12-C154

259065 Dec 8 Lactuca sativa L. curly green letuce

Seed Salad Landrace Pailin, Pailin Village market

N12-51-36.7

E102-36-11.7

167 Pailin Market used for salad (fresh)

75/8114

76 2016-12-C155

259066 Dec 8 Hibiscus esculentus L. okra Seed Pot Baraing Landrace Pailin, Bob Sorm Backyard N12-55-01.0

E102-35-32.8

124 Plain level - Level - None - Clay - No data

76/7983

77 2016-12-C156


luffa Seed No Nonng Landrace Pailin, Bob Sorm Farmstore N12-55-01.0

E102-35-32.8

124 No data - No data - No data - Clay - Poor

used for soup 77/7691

78 2016-12-C157

259068 Dec 8 Plukenetia volubilis L. star shaped sacha inchi

Seed Sandek Pkay Landrace Pailin, Bob Sorm Backyard N12-55-01.0

E102-35-32.8


used for boil, fry fry matured seed

78/7693

79 2016-12-C158


pumpkin Seed La Pov Trou Landrace Pailin, Bob Sorm N12-55-01.0

E102-35-32.8

124 small, sweet 79/8069

80 2016-12-C159

259070 Dec 8 Cucumis melo L. melon Seed Tra Sork Srov Landrace Pailin, Bob Sorm Backyard N12-55-01.0

E102-35-32.8

124 No data - No data - No data - Clay - No data

big fruits 80/8070

81 2016-12-C160

259071 Dec 8 Cucumis melo L. melon Seed Tra Sork Srov Landrace Pailin, Tro Nob Farmland N12-59-35.7

E102-37-41.2

72 Yay Chhourm (Khmer) / long shape used for dessert

81/7696

82 2016-12-C161


pumpkin Seed La Pov Khmer Landrace Pailin, Tro Nob Farmland N12-59-35.7

E102-37-41.2

72 Yay Chhourm (Khmer) / small used for soup

82/7697

83 2016-12-C162


Landrace Pailin, Tro Nob Farmland N12-59-35.7

E102-37-41.2


Yay Chhourm (Khmer) / small used for condiment

83/7698

84 2016-12-C163



E102-37-41.2


Yay Chhourm (Khmer) used for condiment

84/7699

85 2016-12-C164


cowpea Seed Sorndek Korng


E102-37-41.2

72 Yay Chhourm (Khmer) used for sweets

85/7700

86 2016-12-C165

259076 Dec 9 Cucumis melo L. melon Seed Tra Sork Srov Landrace Banteay Meanchey, Poy Peat

Village market

N13-39-24.9

E102-33-49.1

45 Poy Peat Market used for dessert

86/8115

87 2016-12-C166

259077 Dec 9 Cucumis melo L. melon Seed Tra Sork Srov Landrace Banteay Meanchey, Poy Peat

Village market

N13-39-24.9

E102-33-49.1

45 Poy Peat Market used for dessert

87/8116

88 2016-12-C167

259078 Dec 9 Cucumis sativus L. cucumber Seed Tro Soh Phrow Landrace Banteay Meanchey, Poy Peat

Village market

N13-39-24.9

E102-33-49.1

45 Poy Peat Market used for fresh

88/8117

89 2016-12-C168

259079 Dec 9 Cucumis sativus L. cucumber Seed Tro Soh Phrow Landrace Banteay Meanchey, Poy Peat

Village market

N13-39-24.9

E102-33-49.1

45 Poy Peat Market used for fresh

89/8118

90 2016-12-C169


leaf mustard

Seed Spai Chang Kers

Landrace Banteay Meanchey, Poy Peat

Village market

N13-39-24.9

E102-33-49.1

45 Poy Peat Market used for fry

90/8119

- 157 -



common name

Type of Sample




91 2016-12-C170

259081 Dec 9 Brassica oleracea L. Alboglabra Group

pointed leaf kale

Seed Kat Na Banteay Meanchey, Poy Peat

Village market

N13-39-24.9

E102-33-49.1


91/8120

92 2016-12-C171

259082 Dec 9 Eryngium foetidum L. foetid eryngium

Seed Chi Rona Landrace Banteay Meanchey, Poy Peat

Village market

N13-39-24.9

E102-33-49.1

45 Poy Peat Market used for fresh, soup

92/81219

93 2016-12-C172

259083 Dec 9 Brassica rapa L. Oleifera Group

Brassica rapa

Seed Spai Chang Kors


Village market

N13-39-24.9

E102-33-49.1

45 Poy Peat Market used for boil, fry

93/8122

94 2016-12-C173

259084 Dec 9 Brassica rapa L. Pekinensis Group

chinese cabbage

Seed Spai Kro Gnagn


Village market

N13-39-24.9

E102-33-49.1

45 Poy Peat Market used for soup, fry, fresh

94/8123

95 2016-12-C174


leaf mustard

Seed Spai Kdorb Landrace Banteay Meanchey, Poy Peat

Village market

N13-39-24.9

E102-33-49.1


95/8124

96 2016-12-C175

259086 Dec 9 Allium fistulosum L. bunching onion

Seed Ktam Sleuk Landrace Banteay Meanchey, Poy Peat

Village market

N13-39-24.9

E102-33-49.1


96/8125

97 2016-12-C176

259087 Dec 9 Brassica oleracea L. Botrytis Group

couliflower Seed Kat Na Phka Landrace Banteay Meanchey, Poy Peat

Village market

N13-39-24.9

E102-33-49.1

45 Poy Peat Market used for boil, fry

97/8126

98 2016-12-C177

259088 Dec 9 Plukenetia volubilis L. star shaped sacha inchi

Seed Sandek Pkay Landrace Banteay Meanchey, Ondoung Thor

Farmland N13-38.34.7

E102-38-10.9

33 Plain level - Level - None - Loam - Poor

Ya Ry (Khmer) used for boil, consume as tea (leaf, seed)

98/7726

99 2016-12-C178


luffa Seed No Nonng Landrace Banteay Meanchey, Snay Don Kout


E103-02-20.7

1 Flood plain - Level - None - Clay - Good

Kao Kour (Khmer) used for soup

99/7749

100 2016-12-C179


wax gourd Seed Tro Laeh Landrace Banteay Meanchey, Snay Don Kout


E103-02-20.7

1 No data - No data - No data - Clay - Good

Kao Kour (Khmer) used for soup

100/7745

101 2016-12-C180

259091 Dec 9 Lagenaria leucantha Rusby var. gourda Makino

bottole gourd

Seed Klov Landrace Banteay Meanchey, Snay Don Kout


E103-02-20.7

1 Kao Kour (Khmer) used for soup, fry

101/7746

102 2016-12-C181

259092 Dec 10 Cucumis melo L. melon Seed Tra Sork Srov Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Thnol Dack


E103-16-37.8

58 No data - No data - No data - Clay - No data

To Thy (Khmer) used for dessert

102/7762

103 2016-12-C182


water melon

Seed Ov Lek Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Thnol Dack


E103-16-37.8

58 To Thy (Khmer) / small dark green rind used for fresh

103/7763

104 2016-12-C183


pumpkin Seed La Pov Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Thnol Dack


E103-16-37.8

58 To Thy (Khmer) / rough skin used for soup, fry, sweets

104/7764

105 2016-12-C184

259095 Dec 10 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

tomato Seed Peng Pos Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Prey Veng


E103-16-14.6


Kim Heurb (Khmer) used for soup

105/7933

106 2016-12-C185


eggplant Seed Trop Veng Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Prey Veng


E103-16-14.6

66 No data - No data - No data - Clay - Good

Kim Heurb (Khmer) used for soup

106/8038

107 2016-12-C186

259097 Dec 10 Cucumis melo L. melon Seed Tra Sork Srov Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Prey Veng


E103-16-14.6

66 Kim Heurb (Khmer) used for dessert, fresh (young fruits) / mix two kind of melon seeds

107/8104

108 2016-12-C187


water melon

Seed Ov Lek Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Prey Veng


E103-16-14.6

66 Kim Heurb (Khmer) used for fresh

108/8105

109 2016-12-C188

259099 Dec 10 Cucumis melo L. melon Seed Tra Sork Srov Landrace Otdar Meanchey Farmland N14-10-39.5

E103-24-23.2

36 used for dessert / striped 109/7801

110 2016-12-C189


pumpkin Seed La Pov Landrace Otdar Meanchey Farmland N14-10-39.5

E103-24-23.2

36 used for soup / small (1kg), yellow-orange skin

110/7802

- 158 -



common name

Type of Sample




111 2016-12-C190


cowpea Seed Sondek Ong Koy

Landrace Otdar Meanchey Farmland N14-10-39.5

E103-24-23.2


used for sweets 111/7803

112 2016-12-C191

259102 Dec 10 Capsicum annuum L. chili pepper Seed Mates Sor Landrace Otdar Meanchey Farmland N14-10-39.5

E103-24-23.2


used for condiment / small, white, very spicy

112/7805

113 2016-12-C192


eggplant Seed Trop Kha Landrace Otdar Meanchey Farmland N14-10-39.5

E103-24-23.2

36 Plain level - Level - None - No data - Moderate

used for soup, boil / small 113/7806

114 2016-12-C193


pumpkin Seed La Pov Landrace Siem Reap, Knar Farmland N13-32-06.5

E103-56-38.2

42 Chanthy (Khmer) / medium (1.5kg), sweet used for sweets

114/7818

115 2016-12-C194


eggplant Seed Trop Sruy Landrace Siem Reap, Knar Farmland N13-32-06.5

E103-56-38.2

42 Flood plain - Level - None - Loam - Moderate

Chanthy (Khmer) / spineless used for soup, boil

115/7819

116 2016-12-C195

259106 Dec 11 Trichosanthes cucumeroides L.

wild cucurbit

Seed Tro Sork Kaek Weedy Siem Reap, Knar Farmland N13-32-06.5

E103-56-38.2

42 Flood plain - Level - None - Loam - No data

Chanthy (Khmer) no use (toxic)

116/7820

117 2016-12-C196


cowpea Seed Sandek Taon Landrace Siem Reap, Knar Farmland N13-32-06.5

E103-56-38.2


Chanthy (Khmer) used for boil, sweets

117/7821

118 2016-12-C197


cowpea Seed Sandek Chhou Landrace Siem Reap, Knar Farmland N13-32-06.5

E103-56-38.2

42 Plain level - Level - No data - Loam - Moderate

Chanthy (Khmer) used for boil, sweets

118/7823

119 2016-12-C198


luffa Seed Nor Nong Sral Landrace Siem Reap, Knar Farmland N13-32-06.5

E103-56-38.2


Chanthy (Khmer) used for boil, fry

119/7824

120 2016-12-C199


eggplant Seed Trop Sruy Landrace Siam Reap, Koh Chrum Thney


E103-52-51.3

41 Plain level - Level - None - Loam - No data

Ven Kean (Khmer) used for soup, boil

120/7827

121 2016-12-C200


pumpkin Seed La Pov King Landrace Siam Reap, Koh Chrum Thney


E103-52-51.3

41 Ven Kean (Khmer) used for soup, sweets

121/7852

122 2016-12-C201

259112 Dec 11 Cucumis melo L. melon Seed Tra Sork Srov Landrace Siem Reap, Koh Chrum Thney

N13-34-40.2

E103-52-51.3

41 Ven Kean (Khmer) / striped used for dessert

122/7853

123 2016-12-C202


water melon

Seed Ov Lek Landrace Siem Reap, Koh Chrum Thney


E103-52-51.3

41 Ven Kean (Khmer) / narrow striped skin used for fresh, edible seed

123/7854

124 2016-12-C203


eggplant Seed Trop Roluy Landrace Siem Reap, Sre Noy


E104-01-38.0


Ngin Thon (Khmer) / fruits with hair, sour used for fresh

124/7862

125 2016-12-C204


eggplant Seed Trop Kha Landrace Siem Reap, Sre Noy


E104-01-38.0


Ngin Thon (Khmer) / bitter taste, small used for soup

125/7863

126 2016-12-C205

259116 Dec 11 Cucumis melo L. melon Seed Tra Sork Srov Landrace Siem Reap, Sre Noy


E104-01-38.0

63 Ngin Thon (Khmer) / striped used for sweets

126/7864

127 2016-12-C206


pumpkin Seed La Pov King Landrace Siem Reap, Sre Noy


E104-01-38.0

63 Ngin Thon (Khmer) / big (3-4kg), puple skin used for soup, sweets

127/7865

128 2016-12-C207

259118 Dec 11 Lagenaria leucantha Rusby var. gourda Makino

bottole gourd

Seed Klov Veng Landrace Siem Reap, Sre Noy


E104-01-38.0

63 Ngin Thon (Khmer) / long shape (60cm) used for soup

128/7866

129 2016-12-C208


pumpkin Seed La Pov Trou Landrace Siem Reap, Sre Noy


E104-01-38.0

63 Ngin Thon (Khmer) / elongated shape. Thicker fruit / used for soup, sweets

129/7867

130 2016-12-C209


pumpkin Seed La Pov Dong Landrace Siem Reap, Sre Noy


E104-01-38.0

63 Ngin Thon (Khmer) / coconut shape (3kg) used for soup, sweets

130/7868

131 2016-12-C210


pumpkin Seed La Pov Roy Landrace Siem Reap, Sre Noy


E104-01-38.0

63 Ngin Thon (Khmer) / prolific, small (1.2kg) used for soup, sweets

131/7869

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common name

Type of Sample




132 2016-12-C211

259122 Dec 13 Cucumis melo L. melon Seed Tra Sork Srov Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Sray Chek


E104-07-43.6

51 No data - No data - No data - Loam - No data

Khek Kheang (Khmer) / 2 kinds mixed used for pickles

132/7899

133 2016-12-C212


pumpkin Seed La Pov, La Pov King Kua (mix)

Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Sray Chek

Farmland/Farmstore

N14-14-56.1

E104-07-43.6

51 No data - No data - No data - Loam - Moderate

Khek Kheang (Khmer) / 2 kinds mixed used for sweets, soup, fry

133/7893

134 2016-12-C213


water melon

Seed Ov Lek Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Sray Chek


E104-07-43.6

51 Khek Kheang (Khmer) / small (2kg), sweet, dark green skin / used for fresh

134/7900

135 2016-12-C214


cowpea Seed Sandek meas Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Sray Chek


E104-07-43.6

51 Plain level - Level - None - Loam - No data

Khek Kheang (Khmer) / short used for sweets (matured), boil (young)

135/7901

136 2016-12-C215


cowpea Seed Sandek buy Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Sray Chek


E104-07-43.6

51 Khek Kheang (Khmer) / short 15.0g / used for sweets, boil

136/7903

137 2016-12-C216




E104-07-43.6

51 Khek Kheang (Khmer) / short used for sweets, boil

137/7905

138 2016-12-C217




E104-07-43.6


138/7906

139 2016-12-C218




E104-07-43.6


139/7907

140 2016-12-C219




E104-07-43.6


140/8078

141 2016-12-C220


luffa Seed Nonong Kodak

Landrace Otdar Meanchey, Sray Chek

N14-14-56.1

E104-07-43.6

51 Khek Kheang (Khmer) used for soup /adapt cool season

141/7910

142 2016-12-C221


eggplant Seed Trop Roluy Landrace Siem Reap, Wat Backyard N13-48-03.0

E104-01-27.0

53 Flood plain - Level - None - Clay - Moderate

(Khmer) used for fresh, boil

142/7917

143 2016-12-C222


eggplant Seed Trop Kha Landrace Siem Reap, Wat Backyard N13-48-03.0

E104-01-27.0

53 Flood plain - Level - None - Clay - Moderate

(Old lady) (Khmer) 143/7918

144 2016-12-C223


cowpea Seed Sandek meas Landrace Siem Reap, Wat Backyard N13-48-03.0

E104-01-27.0

53 Plain level - Level - None - Clay - poor


145 2016-12-C224

259135 Dec 14 Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.

sword bean Seed Popeay Baraing

Landrace Siem Reap, Wat Backyard N13-48-03.0

E104-01-27.0

53 Plain level - Level - None - Loam - Poor


146 2016-12-C225


eggplant Seed Trop Pong Lolok

Landrace Siem Reap, Kam Prom


E104-00-05.1

45 Flood plain - Level - None - Loam/Clay - Moderate

Cheu Khan (Khmer) used for soup

146/7977

* Topography-Site-Stoniness-Soil texture-Drainage

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Photograph 1 C1-maize Photograph 2 C2-maize Photograph 3 C3-sorghum

Photograph 4 C4-sorghum Photograph 5 C5-sorghum Photograph 6 C6-sorghum

Photograph 7 C7-erianthus Photograph 8 C8-erianthus Photograph 9 C9-maize

Photograph 10 C10-sorghum Photograph 11 C11-sorghum Photograph 12 C12-maize

Photograph 13 C13-cotton Photograph 14 C14-sorghum Photograph 15 C15-sorghum

Photograph 16 C16-erianthus Photograph 17 C17-sesame Photograph 18 C18-job’s tears

Photograph 19 C19-sorghum Photograph 20 C20-sorghum Photograph 21 C21-sorghum

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Photograph 22 C101-wax gourd Photograph 23 C102-melon Photograph 24 C103-pumpkin

Photograph 25 C104-okra Photograph 26 C105-eggplant Photograph 27 C106-eggplant

Photograph 28 C107-cowpea Photograph 29 C108-cowpea Photograph 30 C109-chili pepper

Photograph 31 C110-wax gourd Photograph 32 C111-pumpkin Photograph 33 C112-cowpea

Photograph 34 C113-pumpkin Photograph 35 C114-pumpkin Photograph 36 C115-chili pepper

Photograph 37 C116-chili pepper Photograph 38 C117-chili pepper Photograph 39 C118-chili pepper

Photograph 40 C119-chili pepper Photograph 41 C120-eggplant Photograph 42 C121-luffa

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Photograph 43 C122-pumpkin Photograph 44 C123-pumpkin Photograph 45 C124-pumpkin

Photograph 46 C125-water melon Photograph 47 C126-melon Photograph 48 C127-melon

Photograph 49 C128-melon Photograph 50 C129-cowpea Photograph 51 C130-soybean

Photograph 52 C131-luffa Photograph 53 C132-water melon Photograph 54 C133-pumpkin

Photograph 55 C134-wax gourd Photograph 56 C135-cucumber Photograph 57 C136-melon

Photograph 58 C137-pak choi Photograph 59 C138-Chinese cabbage Photograph 60 C139-pak choi

Photograph 61 C140-B. juncea Photograph 62 C141-pointed leaf kale Photograph 63 C142-okra

- 167 -

Photograph 64 C143-chili pepper Photograph 65 C144-winged bean Photograph 66 C145-eggplant

Photograph 67 C146-okra Photograph 68 C147-tomato Photograph 69 C148-chili pepper

Photograph 70 C149-pumpkin Photograph 71 C150-pumpkin Photograph 72 C151-pumpkin

Photograph 73 C152-B. rapa Photograph 74 C153-leaf mustard Photograph 75 C154-letuce

Photograph 76 C155-okra Photograph 77 C156-luffa Photograph 78 C157-sacha inchi

Photograph 79 C158-pumpkin Photograph 80 C159-melon Photograph 81 C160-melon

Photograph 82 C161-pumpkin Photograph 83 C162-chili pepper Photograph 84 C163-chili pepper

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Photograph 85 C164-cowpea Photograph 86 C165-melon Photograph 87 C166-melon

Photograph 88 C167-cucumber Photograph 89 C168-cucumber Photograph 90 C169-leaf mustard

Photograph 91 C170- pointed leaf kale

Photograph 92 C171-foetid eryngium

Photograph 93 C172-B. rapa

Photograph 94 C173-Chinese cabbage

Photograph 95 C174-leaf mustard Photograph 96 C175-bunching onion

Photograph 97 C176-couliflower Photograph 98 C177-sacha inchi Photograph 99 C178-luffa

Photograph 100 C179-wax gourd Photograph 101 C180-bottle gourd Photograph 102 C181-melon

Photograph 103 C182-water melon Photograph 104 C183-pumpkin Photograph 105 C184-tomato

- 171 -

Photograph 106 C185-eggplant Photograph 107 C186-melon Photograph 108 C187-water melon

Photograph 109 C188-melon Photograph 110 C189-pumpkin Photograph 111 C190-cowpea

Photograph 112 C191-chili pepper Photograph 113 C192-eggplant Photograph 114 C193-pumpkin

Photograph 115 C194-eggplant Photograph 116 C195-wild cucurbit Photograph 117 C196-cowpea

Photograph 118 C197-cowpea Photograph 119 C198-luffa Photograph 120 C199-eggplant

Photograph 121 C200-pumpkin Photograph 122 C201-melon Photograph 123 C202-water melon

Photograph 124 C203-eggplant Photograph 125 C204-eggplant Photograph 126 C205-melon

- 173 -

Photograph 127 C206-pumpkin Photograph 128 C207-bottle gourd Photograph 129 C208-pumpkin

Photograph 130 C209-pumpkin Photograph 131 C210-pumpkin Photograph 132 C211-melon

Photograph 133 C212-pumpkin Photograph 134 C213-water melon Photograph 135 C214-cowpea

Photograph 136 C215-cowpea Photograph 137 C216-cowpea Photograph 138 C217-cowpea

Photograph 139 C218-cowpea Photograph 140 C219-cowpea Photograph 141 C220-luffa

Photograph 142 C221-eggplant Photograph 143 C222-eggplant Photograph 144 C223-cowpea

Photograph 145 C224-sword bean Photograph 146 C225-eggplant

- 175 -


Collection of melon and other Cucurbitaceous cropsin Cambodia in 2016

Katsunori TANAKA 1), Gentaro SHIGITA 2), Yon SOPHEA 3), Vathany THUN 3), Sakhan SOPHANY 3), Kenji KATO 2)

1) Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan

2) Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan

3) Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Road 3, Prateahlang, Dangkor, P.O Box 01, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Communicated by Y. TAKAHASHI (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received Sep. 12, 2017, Accepted Dec. 4, 2017* Corresponding author: K. KATO (e-mail: [email protected])

Summary

A previous field survey in eastern Cambodia yielded ample information on cultivation and utilization of cucurbitaceous crops, and analyzed variations in fruit and seed traits in melon genetic resources. A field survey conducted mainly in northern Cambodia collected genetic resources of cucurbitaceous crops to better understand those variations from a higher breeding and botanic perspective and to uncover variations of fruit and seed traits in melon landraces. A total of 127 samples were collected at markets, farmer houses, and fields in nine provinces and in the capital, and were registered as a germplasm collection, both in Cambodia and Japan. Among the 70 accessions of melon, 52, 17, and 1 of them were collected as seeds, fruits, and a plant, respectively. These melon accessions comprised cultivated landraces, improved varieties, and wild melons. Cultivation, including open pollination of melon landraces and utilization were very similar to those recorded in eastern and western Cambodia, and are predicted to cause non-significant differences in fruit and seed traits between geographical areas in Cambodia. Fruit and seed lengths of collected melons in Cambodia, including those from previous field surveys, were greater than those in Yunnan Province, China, and Lao PDR, suggesting different combination of quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to fruit and seed length in melon landraces between Cambodia and other Southeast Asian countries. Other fruits characters, such as powdery texture of fruits, gelatinous sheath around seeds, oblong fruit shape, and low sugar concentration (brix) of flesh juice found in melon landraces from Cambodia were similar to those from South and East Asia, in which useful breeding materials for disease resistance were found among melon landraces. Thus, melon genetic resources in Cambodia should be analyzed for genetic

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components of fruit and seed traits and evaluated for disease resistance for melon breeding purposes.

KEY WORDS: Cucumis melo, field survey, fruit, genetic resource, melon, seed

IntroductionMelon (Cucumis melo L.) is a diversified crop cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and temperate

zones. Melon is classified as either cultivated or wild melon (Pitrat 2008). Many studies have classified melon by using infraspecific characters of plant, fruit, and seed, and have suggested that cultivated melon is classified into subspecies melo and agrestis, and subsequently into 15 botanical groups (Pitrat 2008). Among these, subsp. agrestis, comprises C. melo vars. acidulus Naudin, conomon (Thunberg) Makino, momordica (Roxburgh) Duthie & Fuller, makuwa Thunberg and chinensis Pangalo, which are found in eastern Asia from India to Japan. Their immature fruit is eaten as a vegetable, while the mature fruit of vars. momordica and makuwa are eaten as a dessert (Kitamura 1950; Kato et al. 2006, 2010; Nhi et al. 2010; Tanaka et al. 2014). The 15 botanical groups that easily hybridize with each other are found worldwide, but their hybrids have characters that make it difficult to classify them into proper botanical groups. Wild melon is free-living or weedy, having small fruits and seeds growing near farm fields.

Some South Asian melons show resistance to insects and diseases (Dhillon et al. 2012). East Asian melons, especially var. conomon, shows resistance to various diseases, including Fusarium wilt, gummy stem blight, and cucumber mosaic virus (Takada 1979, 1983). Molecular analysis has shown that South and East Asian melons are distantly related (Akashi et al. 2002; Yashiro et al. 2005; Tanaka et al. 2007). Both melons can be useful as breeding materials and will contribute to widen the genetic base in melons stored in gene banks for future use. However, access to melons from South Asia is difficult in Japan, unless a proper agreement for access and benefit-sharing is contracted between provider and user or those genetic resources are introduced from a third party, such as the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), where the largest number of accessions are preserved. Exotic melon genetic resources cannot ultimately be introduced in either case owing to a Japanese plant-protection policy aimed at preventing the introduction of cucumber green-mottle mosaic virus.

Southeast Asian melons are distantly related to East Asian melons, as shown by analysis of complementary genes that cause bitterness in the immature fruit of F1 hybrids (Fujishita et al. 1993). Melons from Southeast Asia are also thought to be useful genetic resources to widen the genetic base of cultivated melons, and should be used in looking for genetic variation in fruit and seed traits, both of which not only have valuable information to manage them as genetic resources efficiently, but may also contribute to downsizing the number of tested materials for screening of agricultural traits, such as disease resistance.

Filed surveys in Lao PDR, Vietnam, and Western Cambodia (Sakata et al. 2008; Saito et al. 2009; Kato et al. 2010; Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2017) found various kinds of cucurbitaceous crops that are conserved in the gene banks of the respective countries. Especially for melon landraces from eastern and western Cambodia, which were difficult to access previously, large variation in fruit and seed traits were recognized during field surveys and were expected to show genetic variation, including disease resistance (Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2017). Thus, field surveys should be conducted in northern and southern Cambodia to discover morphological and agricultural traits, and to increase genetic variation in overall Cambodian melon landraces.

Therefore, in this field survey, cucurbitaceous crops, including melon, were collected in all northern

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Cambodia and in one part of eastern and southern Cambodia. Morphological traits, such as fruit traits and seed size, were measured to characterize cucurbitaceous crops, particularly melon landraces, and were compared with those of melon landraces in other Southeast Asian countries and South and East Asian countries.

Materials and MethodsA field survey was successfully conducted as part of the PGR Asia Project by the Ministry of

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishers of the Government of Japan, according to a Letter of Agreement between the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI; Cambodia), Genetic Resources Center in the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO; Japan). Starting on November 16, 2016, during the dry season (Table 1), the 18-day field survey included the capital (Phnom Penh) of Cambodia and nine provinces of mainly Northern Cambodia, including Kampong Cham, Kampong Thom, Siem Reap, Oddar Meancheay, Preah Vihear, Steung Treng, Kratie, Tbong Khmom and Kandal (Fig. 1).

Samples were collected from local markets, roadside vegetable stands, farmer houses, and cropping fields; the precise positions of the sites were recorded using a GPS. Other information, including local crop names and cultivation methods (e.g., cultivation place, sowing and harvest times, fertilizer application, and fruit usage), was also collected by interviews with residents. Seeds from each fruit or one seed-storage bag (in farmer houses) were registered as one sample. Mixed stored seeds were separated into seeds of each

Vietnam

Thailand Laos

Tonlé Sap

Gulf of Thailand

Phnom Penh

Stung Treng

134

127124

126 125

121-123

120

104,105

130-133129128

Kampong Cham

119112-118

110,111107-109

103,106

98-102

96,97

91-9585-88,90

89 82-84

78-81

74

73,75-7770-7267-6963-66

60-6259

57,5854-5651-53

50

46-49 42-45

41

37–40

35,3626-34

24,25

22,23

2120

19

1816,17

13-15

11,1210

8,94-7

31,2

Siem Reap

KratieKampong Roteh

Preah Vihear

Samraong

Fig. 1. Map of the explored route in Cambodia. The routes are shown by bold dotted lines. Each collection site is indicated by a double circle with a corresponding accession number(s). Accession numbers “16CJVC1”, “16CJVC2”, “16CJVC3”, and so on, are abbreviated as “1”, “2” and “3” and so on.

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crop and were registered independently as corresponding to individual seed samples.We also investigated 13 fruit characteristics and recorded them for 18 melon fruits (Table 2). Seed

length and width were measured on 10 seeds from each of 70 melon accessions, and the seed samples were classified as large- (≥9.0 mm length) or small-seed (<9.0 mm length), according to Akashi et al. (2002). The seeds were selected randomly.

Data was analyzed using 18 melon fruits and 700 melon seeds (10 seeds of 70 accessions) mainly from northern Cambodia, along with previously reported data of the characteristics and sizes of 425 melon fruits and 3490 seeds from 422 melon accessions from East India, southern China (mainly Yunnan Province), northern and southern Lao PDR, western and eastern Cambodia. C. melo vars. makuwa and conomon were from China, Korea, and Japan (Saito et al. 2009; Kato et al. 2010; Nhi et al. 2010; Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2014, 2017). The number of fruits measured were 113 for 32 accessions of vars. makuwa and conomon, as follows: 1 fruit from 2 accessions (total: 2 fruits), 2 fruits from 9 accessions (total: 18 fruits), 3 fruits from 8 accessions (total: 24 fruits), 4 fruits from 4 accessions (total: 16 fruits), 5 fruits from 4 accessions (20 fruits), 3 fruits from 6 accessions (18 fruits, in all), 7 fruit from 1 accession (7 fruits, in all), and 8 fruits from 1 accession (8 fruits, in all). Seed size of each accession was measured for three seeds. For the 101 melon accessions from western and eastern Cambodia, a single fruit from each of 23 accessions was measured, and the seed size (n = 10) was measured for all accessions. For the 65 and 117 accessions melons from China and Lao PDR, respectively, a single fruit and 10 seeds from that single fruit were measured. For the 107 accessions from East India, a single fruit and three representative seeds was measured. Thus, the total number of melon fruits and melon seeds included in the analysis were 492 and 4,190, respectively. Using the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test, we compared the seed lengths of the accessions from four geographical regions in Cambodia and from other countries.

Itinerary1 Stay

16 Nov. Haneda -- Bangkok -- Phnom Penh Phnom Penh17 Nov. Phnom Penh -- CARDI Phnom Penh18 Nov. Phnom Penh -- Kampong Cham (Kampong Cham) -- Kampong Roteh (Kampong Thom) Kampong Roteh19 Nov. Kampong Roteh -- Visit to northeastern area Kampong Roteh20 Nov. Kampong Roteh -- Kampong Svay -- Siem Reap (Siem Reap) Siem Reap21 Nov. Siem Reap -- Visit to northern area Siem Reap22 Nov. Siem Reap -- Visit to western area Siem Reap23 Nov. Siem Reap -- Anglong veng (Oddar Meancheay) -- Samraong Samraong 24 Nov. Samraong -- Visit to western area across to Bonteay Meancheay Province Samraong 25 Nov. Samrong -- Anlong Veng -- Tbeng Mean Chey (Preah Vihear) Tbeng Mean Chey26 Nov. Tbeng Mean Chey -- Visit to eastern area across to Steung Treng Province Tbeng Mean Chey27 Nov. Sample preparation Tbeng Mean Chey28 Nov. Tbeng Mean Chey -- Visit to southern area Tbeng Mean Chey29 Nov. Tbeng Mean Chey -- Steung Treng (Steung Treng) -- Kratie (Kratie) Kratie30 Nov. Kratie -- Visit to northern area and southern area Kratie

1 Dec. Kratie -- Tbong Khmom (Tbong Khmom) -- Phnom Penh Phnom Penh2 Dec. Phnom Penh -- Kandal (Kandal) -- CARDI -- Phnom Penh Phnom Penh3 Dec. Sample preparation Phnom Penh4 Dec. Phnom Penh -- CARDI -- Bangkok -- Haneda on 5 Nov. On flight

1Province is indicated in parenthesis.

DateTable 1. Itinerary of the field survey in Cambodia, in 2016

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Study areaDuring the field survey, mainly in northern Cambodia, we visited the capital, the provincial

capitals of nine provinces, and various villages along the route (Fig.1). The field survey included lowland areas surrounding Tonle Sap and the Mekong River, at an altitude ranging from -2 to 133 meters above sea level (Photograph 1). During the survey, we observed the following two areas depending on water availability: a dry area distant from Tonle Sap and the Mekong River, especially in Oddar Meancheay and Preah Vihear, and a water-abundant-area covered with many ponds near Tonle Sap and the Mekong River (Photographs 2-5). Agricultural products were already harvested in the dry area, but were cultivated in the water-abundant-area even in dry season (Photographs 6 and 7). The dry area was also developed for the cultivation of cash crops, such as rubber, cassava, pepper, sugar cane and banana (Photographs 8 and 9). Local people used both wild and cultivated foodstuffs, including vegetables, fruits, animals, and fish, and they sell them and their processed foods at city and local markets (Photographs 10-14). Immature and mature fruits of cucurbitaceous crops, such as bottle gourd, cucumber, melon, pumpkin, sponge gourd, squash, watermelon, and wax gourd, were seen at the local markets and vegetable stands on the roadside, in which both, improved varieties and landraces were often found (Photographs 15-26). Those foodstuffs were carried from both, neighboring and distant areas by transportation over well-paved highways and dirt roads. Especially along the Mekong River, local people carry cucurbit fruits from islands where farmlands are located.

ResultsThis survey collected 127 samples from 49 sites and comprised nine kinds of cucurbit crops, as well

as one type of maize, eggplant, and mung bean, respectively (Tables 3 and 4; Photographs 27-29). A total of 28 samples were collected, 27 as fruit and one as a plant (16CJV-C34), respectively; the remaining samples were collected as seeds from farmer houses (Photographs 29 and 30). Local farmers stored their seeds in

Table 2. Fruit characters of genetic resources of cucurbitaceous from Eastern Cambodia, 2016

Weight(kg)

Length(cm)

Diameter(cm) Color1

Stripeon rind

Sutureson rind

Outer1

colorInner1

colorThickness

(cm)Powdertexture

Brix(º )

16CJV-C1 1.46 26.0 12.0 Y + - LG O 3.0 + 5.0 O +16CJV-C2 1.25 25.0 11.0 Y + - LG O 2.5 + 5.0 O +16CJV-C4 2.30 30.0 12.5 G + - LG LG 3.5 + 2.0 O +16CJV-C5 1.80 27.0 12.0 W - - G G 3.0 + 3.0 O +16CJV-C6 1.80 23.0 12.5 Y - - LG LG 3.5 + 3.0 O +16CJV-C16 1.00 30.5 10.0 G + - W W 2.7 + 4.0 W +16CJV-C37 0.74 26.0 8.0 G + - G G 2.0 + 2.6 W +16CJV-C38 1.34 29.0 10.0 Y + - LG LG 2.5 + 2.0 W +16CJV-C39 0.66 22.0 8.5 Y - - G G 1.5 + 2.0 W +16CJV-C40 1.31 25.5 11.5 W - - G G 2.5 + 2.0 W +16CJV-C112 3.90 35.0 16.0 Y + - LG LG 4.0 - 3.0 W +16CJV-C113 5.25 34.0 18.5 W + - W W 5.7 - 6.0 W +16CJV-C114 3.30 35.0 14.5 Y + + LG LG 4.0 - 3.0 W +16CJV-C115 5.40 36.5 20.0 G + - LG LG 5.0 - 3.6 W +16CJV-C116 3.85 36.0 17.0 G + - G W 5.0 + 3.0 W +16CJV-C117 1.25 13.0 14.0 Y - - LG LG 3.0 + 4.0 W +16CJV-C118 1.20 13.0 14.0 O + - G G 3.4 + 4.0 O +16CJV-C134 0.02 3.2 2.4 Y - - W W 0.30 - 6.0 W +

1G: Green, LG: Light green, DG: Dark green, O: Orange, W: White, Y: Yellow.2Gelatinous sheath surrounding seed in melon.

Collectionnumber

Fruit size Fruit epicarp Fruit flesh

Placentacolor

Sheath2

aroundseed

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storage cases, such as plastic bottles, bamboo tubes, bottle gourds, netted or plastic bags; further, some farmers stored all their cucurbit crop seeds together (Photographs 31 and 32). Especially for melon genetic resources, local farmers harvested seeds from more than two fruits, which were set by open pollination, and the stored seeds showed much variation (Photograph 33). Seeds of 25 melon samples (16CJVC-3, -9, -11, -18, -19, -41, -46, -52, -60, -72, -80, -86, -92, -96, -100, 104, -107, -108, -110, -120, -125, -126, -129, -130, -131) were separated by size into two types, which were treated as different samples when registered (Table 4). Thus, all 152 samples were registered as accessions in CARDI and NIAS with JP numbers.

Seventy accessions were collected for melon during the field survey (Table 3). Among them, 17 accessions were collected as fruits, and 52 accessions were collected as seeds stored by farmers (Table 2; Photographs 27, 30-32). The remaining accession, 16CJV-C134, was collected as a plant, and seeds were also collected from three fruits after cultivating by CARDI and checking fruit characteristics (Photographs 29 and 34). Based on interviews with local people, we learned that cultivation of melon landraces starts at the beginning of the rainy season (i.e., April to May), either by mixed cropping with maize, upland rice, wax gourd, and pumpkin or by single cropping in an open field on flat land or near a riverside. Especially near a river, where enough water is supplied for farming, melon is cultivated by double cropping in the latter half of the rainy season (i.e., September) or in the dry season (i.e., December). Before cultivation, the field is burnt with harvest remains, such as rice straw. Fertilizers and pesticides are not applied during cultivation, except for the improved melon variety (16CJV-C65, Photograph 24 shows similar fruits) cultivated using chemical fertilizer, pesticides, and mulch by using a plastic tunnel. Few farmers use irrigation, mulch and chemical fertilizers or cow manure to cultivate melon landraces (Photographs 35-37). During the cropping season, diseases were recognized in the melon fields for the following accessions: powdery mildew was present in 16CJV-C16, -C17, -C41, -C78 to -C80, -C96, -C103, -C104, -C125, -C128, and -C129, while downy mildew could be observed in fields where 16CJV-C83, -C128 were cultivated. Immature and mature melon fruits were harvested one and two months after sowing, respectively (Photographs 25 and 26). Immature fruits were prepared as a vegetable (e.g., being pickled or prepared in soups and salads), while mature fruits were eaten as desserts with sugar, condensed milk, coconut milk or crushed ice (Photograph 38). Seeds for cultivation the following year were collected from the first set fruit on the vine, good appearance of fruit or epicarp color of fruit, and number of fruits, normally two or three fruits, depending on the growing area. However, 16CJV-C134 was grown on the side of farmland and was not cultivated by local people who ate the fruit directly and occasionally sold them in the markets. Based on interviews with local people, two kinds of the fruits, sweet and sour, were observed.

Plant name

Melon 70 3 8 14 5 3 12 4 14 2 5Cucumber 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0Pumpkin 23 0 3 5 4 2 6 0 2 0 1Watermelon 13 0 0 5 1 0 3 4 0 0 0Wax gourd 10 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 0 0Other crops1 8 0 0 3 1 0 2 1 0 0 1

Total 127 3 13 28 13 7 25 12 17 2 71Angled luffa, bitter gourd, bottle gourd, snake gourd, maize, eggplant and mung bean included to "other crops".

StungTreng Kratie

TbongKhmom KandalTotal

KampongCham

KampongThom

SiemReap

OddarMean-cheay

BonteayMean-cheay

PreahVihear

Table 3. Total number of collections obtained in Cambodia in 2016

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The 18 melon accessions varied in measured fruit traits. For example, epicarp colors was green, orange, white or yellow (Table 2, Photograph 27). Fruit length varied widely and ranged from 3.2 to 36.5 cm, although the fruits were >20 cm in most cases. Exceptionally, short fruits were measured for “16CJV-C117”, “16CJV-C118” and “16CJV-C134” which were 13.0, 13.0 and 3.2 cm in length, respectively (Photographs 27I, 27II and 34, respectively; Fig. 2A). Fruit length correlated with fruit weight (r = 0.718, p < 0.01). Fruit weight strongly correlated with fruit diameter, which ranged from 2.4 to 20.0 cm (r = 0.918, p < 0.01; Fig. 2B). The averaged fruit shape index (length/diameter) was greater than 1.8, indicating that most fruits were elongated (e.g., Photographs 27III-27VI). The three accessions of shorter fruits mentioned above were exceptional, of which 16CJV-C117 and -C118 were globular (shape index = 0.9; Photograph 27I and 27II) and 16CJV-C134 was oblong (shape index = 1.3; Photograph 34). Flesh traits showed less variation. Both, the outer and inner flesh colors were green or white (Photographs 39 and 40), and the sugar concentration of the flesh was ≤ 6.0 °Bx and had low or no significant correlations with other fruit traits (r = -0.034 to 0.392, p > 0.01; Fig. 2C). Gelatinous sheaths around the seeds ware recognized in all fruits collected. Powdery texture was observed in 13 fruits that had sticky fruit flesh normally known from mature fruit of melon landraces from interviews at farmer house visited. Therefore, most melons collected on this field survey were elongated large fruits, while a few melons had small fruits of globular and oblong shapes.

Seed length varied widely, ranging from 3.84 to 11.73 mm among the 700 seeds (10 seeds from each of the 70 melon accessions) collected on this field survey (Fig. 2C). Among them, 637 seeds (91.0 %) were under 9.0 mm long and were classified as small seeds, while the remaining seeds were classified as large seeds. Especially with 16CJV-C134, all seeds were under 4.3 mm and obviously differed from other small seeds. Based on seed size, together with information from farmers and fruit traits, 16CJV-134 was classified as a wild melon (Photograph 34). Seeds from 16CJV-C65, except for one seed, were over

Fruit flesh brix (º)

No. of fruitsC) Fruit flesh brix

12.010.08.04.02.00 6.0

10

0

5Brix: 2.0-6.0ºN = 18 fruits

10

5

0

No. of fruits

Fruit length (cm)

A) Fruit length

40.030.020.010.00 50.0

Length: 3.2-36.5cmN = 18 fruits

Seed length (mm)

No. of seedsD) Seed length

200

0

100Length: 3.84-11.73mmN = 700 seeds

12.06.0 8.0 10.00 4.0

No. of fruitsB) Fruit diameter

10

5

0

Length: 2.4-20.0cmN = 18 fruits

16.012.08.04.00 20.0 22.0Fruit diameter (cm)

Fig. 2. Variations in fruit traits and seed length in 70 melon accessions from Cambodia. Arrowheads indicate the average value for each trait.

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10.0 mm long. Based on seed length, together with information about cultivation method and seed origin, 16CJV-C65 was classified as C. melo var. inodorus Jacquin, whose seeds are normally over 10.0 mm long. The remaining 68 accessions were registered as landraces of cultivated melon (Photograph 27).

In all, 169 accessions collected from Cambodia, except for southwestern Cambodia (Fig. 3A), were registered as landraces of cultivated melon; among these, 40 accessions collected as fruits varied in fruit length and flesh sugar content by brix, which showed slight differences between four geographical areas in Cambodia (Figs. 3B and 3C). As with the length of the 1690 seeds (10 seeds from 169 accessions), no obvious differences were detected among those four geographical areas (Fig. 3D).

Fruit length and averaged seed length showed a weak correlation (r = 0.502, p < 0.01), when materials in this study were analyzed together with those from other countries. They increased toward low latitude in the following order: southern China (mainly from Yunnan Province), northern Lao PDR, southern Lao PDR, and Cambodia (Figs. 4A and 4D). Melon landraces of Cambodia had larger fruit and seed length than those of China and Lao PDR. These Cambodian melon landraces showed similar seed length to Cucumis melo var. conomon in Eastern China, Korea, and Japan. However, marked differences were not detected among materials from southern China, Lao PDR or Cambodia in fruit diameter and flesh sugar content by brix, which was similar in Cambodian melons and Cucumis melo var. conomon (Figs. 4B

A) Region

West EastNorth & Center

South

40

30

20

10

0East

Fruit length (cm)

West SouthNorth&

Center

B) Fruit length

6

1016

8

aaa

a

C) Fruit flesh brix

61016 8

East West SouthNorth&

Center

ab ab

b

a

Brix (º)15

10

5

0190

700 470

East West SouthNorth&

Center

0330

a b ab

D) Seed lengthSeed length (mm)

12

10

8

6

Fig. 3. Variation of fruit traits and seed length in cultivated melons from four geographical areas. A) Collected areas of melon landraces. B) Variation in fruit length, C) Variation in fruit flesh Brix, D) Variation in seed length. Letters a, ab, and b above the bars on boxplot indicate significant differences at p < 0.01 by the Tukey-Kramer multiple-comparison test in B), C), D). Numerical characters under boxplot indicate the number of fruits in B) and C) or seeds in D).

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and 4C). Therefore, the size of melon fruits and seeds clearly indicated a geographical pattern seemingly determined by latitude; further, larger sized seed was found in melon accessions from Cambodia, as well as those from East Asia.

DiscussionWe collected 127 samples and information about the cultivation and utilization of cucurbitaceous

crops in lowland areas of northern Cambodia, mainly. Immature and mature fruits of melon landraces were eaten as vegetable and dessert, respectively, the same in western and eastern Cambodia (Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2017). Melon landraces are cultivated without fertilizers or pesticides after slash-and-burn of plots in the sites we visited. Seeds were harvested from more than two fruits set by open pollination. These cultivation methods were also observed in western and eastern Cambodia (Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2017). Cultivation and utilization of melon landraces, in addition to sharing their gene pool through open pollination, seemed to be similar throughout Cambodia, leading to consistency in fruit and agricultural traits among those melon landraces. Thus, fruit length and diameter, fruit flesh brix and seed length of melon landraces showed slight differences between four geographical areas (Figs. 3B-

Fig. 4. Variation in fruit traits and seeds in cultivated melons of 442 accessions. Letters a–d above the bars indicate significant differences at p < 0.01 by the Tukey-Kramer multiple-comparison test. Numerical characters under boxplot indicate the number of fruits in A) – C) and the number of fruits that produced the measured-seeds in D).

C) Fruit flesh brixBrix (º)

15.0

0

5.0

10.0

107 65100

17

4070

43

ab

abab

b

a c

ab

D) Seed lengthSeed length (mm)

10.0

0

4.0

a

b b bc

d

bcd

107

65100

17 40

70436.0

8.0

10765 100 17 40 70

43

abb ab b

a

c

d

0

60

40

20

Fruit length (cm)A) Fruit length

Fruit diameter (cm)B) Fruit diameter

0

15

10

5

20

25

107

65 10017

4070 43

bb

c c a

bc

ab

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3D), even though wide variations were observed within the respective areas (Figs. 2A-2D; Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2017).

Fruit and seed length increased with latitude in melon landraces in the following order: Yunnan Province, northern Lao PDR, southern Lao PDR, and Cambodia (Figs. 4A and 4D), suggesting that increases in fruit and seed length can be detected among Southeast Asian melons, even though melon accessions from southern Cambodia were limited in this study. Most melon landraces from eastern, western, and northern Cambodia, had an elongated fruit shape, which is thought to be common in Cambodia melon landraces (Fig. 2; Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2017), while melon landraces from Yunnan Province and northern Lao PDR had an oblong fruit shape (Kato et al. 2006, 2010; Saito et al. 2009). According to Nhi et al. (2010), Vietnamese melons show geographical variation in fruit length: melon landraces from southern and northern Vietnam have an elongated and an oblong fruit shape, which are called “Dua gang” and “Dua thom”, respectively. Seed length also differed between these elongated and oblong fruit melons: 7.5 ± 0.6 mm and 7.0 ± 0.6 mm, respectively (p < 0.01). Moreover, both melon types showed genetic differentiation after RAPD analysis: elongated fruit melons were classified as Clusters IIa, b, c, d, and e, while oblong fruit melons were classified as Clusters Vb. These results support our suggestion that melon landraces of Cambodia have a different genetic component from those of Yunnan Province and northern and southern Lao PDR (Fig. 4). Fruit and seed length showed a wide variation not only in natural populations, as shown in this study, but also, in experimental lines; further, this variation is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) (Díaz et al. 2014; Wang et al. 2011). Cambodian melon landraces may have different QTLs sets from those present in other countries in Southeast Asia.

Cambodian melons collected in this field survey also had traits of fruit length and fruit texture brix similar to melons from other areas, especially to C. melo vars. momordica and conomon. Powdery texture and gelatinous sheaths around the seeds were also recognized in melons collected in northern, western, and eastern Cambodia (Table 2, Matsunaga et al. 2016; Tanaka et al. 2017), and were normally found in C. melo var. momordica in India (Kato et al. 2006; Dhillon et al. 2012). C. melo var. conomon in East Asia is large and an elongated fruit shape with low sugar concentration in the flesh than most other melons collected in this field survey. Cambodia is located between South Asia and East Asia; not surprisingly, the country has melons with shared fruit traits from varieties momordica and conomon. It is worthy of notice that both varieties are useful breeding materials for resistant to various kinds of insects, such as cucumber beetle and aphid, and diseases, such as powdery mildew, fusarium wilt, gummy stem blight and cucumber mosaic virus (Dhillon et al. 2012; Takada, 1979, 1983). Our observation of fruit traits might indicate that Cambodian melons have a potential resistance against insect and disease attack.

In conclusion, 127 samples were collected in this field survey, which were registered as genetic resources at national institutes in Cambodia and Japan. From characterization of melon fruits and seeds, Cambodian melons seem likely to have different genetic components from melons of neighboring countries, as well as resistance to insects and diseases. We were able to collect wild melon in southern Cambodia, which are not available anywhere in the world. From interviews, wild melon in Cambodia is classified into two types by taste, sweet and sour, although only the sour-taste type was collected in this field survey. Wild melon seems to be resistant to canker and virus (Fujishita 1977; Sowell 1981; Sakata et al. 2000); therefore, it may be very useful for melon breeding. Thus, further expeditions are needed in southern Cambodia to collect new genetic resources, such as wild melon, to increase available germplasm.

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Genetic resourcesAll seeds of the 152 accessions collected have been stored as genetic resources in the CARDI gene

bank, and a subset was placed in the NARO Genebank under the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). We plan to increase the genetic resources and to evaluate them in 2017.

AcknowledgementsThe collaborative exploration was done based on the Joint Research Agreement (JRA) signed

between Dr. Hirohiko Hirochika, President of National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Japan and Dr. Ouk Makara, Director of Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Cambodia (CARDI) in 2014. Because of a merger between the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) and NIAS in April 2016, all obligations and rights of the NIAS under the JRA have been succeeded by NARO.

We thank Dr. Hiroshi Nemoto, NARO, and Dr. Ouk Makara, CARDI, for generously supporting our field survey; Dr. Norihiko Tomooka and Dr. Hisato Okuizumi, Genetic Resources Center, NARO and Mr. Hiroshi Matsunaga, NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, for supporting our field survey.

This work was supported by the PGRAsia Project from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of the Government of Japan, and the JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (26257409).

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in East and South Asian melons, Cucumis melo L., based on the analysis of five isozymes. Euphytica 125: 385-396.

Dhillon NPS, Monforte AJ, Pitrat M, Pandey S. Singh PK, Reitsma KR, Garcia-Mas J, Sharma A, McCreight JD (2012) Melon landraces of India: Contributions and Importance. In: Plant Breeding Review volume 35. Janick J (ed). Wiley-Backwell, New Jersey, pp. 85-150.

Díaz A, Zarouri B, Fergany M, Eduardo I, Alvarez JM, Picó B, Monforte AJ (2014) Mapping and introgression of QTL involved in fruit shape transgressive segregation into ‘Piel de Sapo’ melon (Cucumis melo L.). PLoS One 9: e104188.

Díaz A, Martín-Hernández AM, Dolcet-Sanjuan R, Garcés-Claver A, Álvarez JM, Garcia-Mas J, Picó B, Monforte AJ (2017) Quantitative trait loci analysis of melon (Cucumis melo L.) domestication-related traits. Theor Appl Genet 130: 1837–1856.

Fujishita N (1977) Nihon-rettou ni jisei suru zasso-meron to sono ikushu-teki riyo (1) [Wild melons in Japan and their utilization for breeding (1)]. Nogyo oyobi engei [Agriculture and horticulture] 52: 51-57 (in Japanese).

Fujishita N, Furukawa H, Morii S (1993) Distribution of three genotypes for bitterness of F1 immature fruit in Cucumis melo. Japan J Breed 43 (Suppl 2): 206 (in Japanese).

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Nhi PTP, Akashi Y, Hang TTM, Tanaka K, Aierken Y, Yamamoto T, Nishida H, Long C, Kato K (2010) Genetic diversity in Vietnamese melon landraces revealed by the analyses of morphological traits and nuclear and cytoplasmic molecular markers. Breed Sci 60: 255-266.

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2016年度カンボジアにおけるウリ科作物遺伝資源の探索

田中克典 1)・鴫田玄太郎 2)・Yon SOPHEA3)・Vathany THUN3)・Sakhan SOPHANY3)・加藤鎌司 2)

1) 弘前大学農学生命科学部2) 岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科3) カンボジア農業調査開発研究所

和文摘要　ウリ科作物遺伝資源を収集するためカンボジア東部において調査を実施した．調査で収集した遺伝資源は 127 点で，市場，畑や農家にて収集した．これらのうち，メロン遺伝資源は 70 点であり，52 系統，17 系統および 1 系統をそれぞれ種子，果実および植物体として収集した．うち，後 1

者は採集後にカンボジア農業調査開発研究所の圃場にて生育を続け，果実形質を調査してから採種した．形質の分離が確認された 25 系統のメロンを含め，これら遺伝資源は，それぞれ，カンボジア農業調査開発研究所ならびに農業生物資源研究所において遺伝資源として登録した．農家からの聞き取りや形質調査に基づくと，収集したメロンは改良品種，雑草メロンおよび在来の栽培メロンで構成されていた．メロンの栽培方法や用途，特に，他家受精により遺伝子プールを共有できる状況はカンボジア東部や西部と類似しており，果実や種子の形質で地域間がほとんどない結果につながっているようであった．一方，カンボジアのメロン遺伝資源において果実や種子は隣国のラオス，雲南省を主とした中国の在来メロンよりも長く，これらの形質に関わる量的遺伝子座の組み合わせが隣国の在来メロンとは異なっていることを示唆していた．さらに，カンボジアのメロン遺伝資源は果肉の粉質や種子周辺のゼリー質では南アジアの在来メロンと類似性があるだけでなく，果実の形状や果肉の Brix では東アジアの在来メロンと類似性が認められた．南アジアや東アジアの在来メロンが病害抵抗性の育種素材として利用されていることから，これらの類似性はカンボジアのメロン遺伝資源が病害抵抗性を有している可能性を示唆していた．収集したカンボジアのメロン系統は，さまざまな形質変異を有しており，個別の育種において有望形質を選択できる素材であるので，今後の評価が待たれる．

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JP No. Sample No. Collected date Species Plant name Local

nameCultivar/ landrace Collection

Collected siteRemarks

Province District Commune Village Latitude & Longitude

Altitude (m)


258660 16CJVC-1 18 Nov., 2016

Cucumis melo Melon Tror Sork Srov

Landrace Fruit Kampong Cham Chamkar Leu

Sray Teap Tang Knang

N12-16-19.28 & E105-16-57.83

75 Road side shop Orange color on epicarp, cultivated in Stung Treang Province

258661 16CJVC-2 18 Nov., 2016


Landrace Fruit Kampong Cham Chamkar Leu


N12-16-19.28 & E105-16-57.83

75 Road side shop Orange color on epicarp, cultivated in Stung Treang Province

258662 16CJVC-3 18 Nov., 2016

Cucumis melo Melon Tror Sork Prei

Landrace Seeds Kampong Cham Chamkar Leu


N12-16-25.38 & E105-17-8.05

74 Farmer White color on epicarp, sweet flesh, var. makuwa, large seeds

258663 16CJVC-3 18 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kampong Cham Chamkar Leu


N12-16-25.38 & E105-17-8.05

74 Farmer White color on epicarp, sweet flesh, var. makuwa, small seeds

258664 16CJVC-4 19 Nov., 2016


Landrace Fruit Kampong Thom Steung Treang

Kdeydong Kdeydong N12-42-44.68 & E104-53-12.16

9 Farmer (Kampong Thom marlet)

Green color with stripes on epicarp

258665 16CJVC-5 19 Nov., 2016





White color on epicarp

258666 16CJVC-6 19 Nov., 2016





Yellow color on epicarp

258667 16CJVC-7 19 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata

Pumpkin La Pao Landrace Fruit Kampong Thom Steung Treang


9 Seller (Kampong Thom marlet)

Seller bought fruit at village distantly 1km from the market

258668 16CJVC-8 19 Nov., 2016

Cucumis sativus Cucumber Tror Sork Paok

Landrace Seeds Kampong Thom Prasat Balang

Sala vichey Tror peng Tmor

N12-57-18.24 & E104-57-10.91

18 Farmer Long shaped fruit

258669 16CJVC-9 19 Nov., 2016




N12-57-18.24 & E104-57-10.91

18 Farmer Green color with stripes on epicarp, large seeds

258670 16CJVC-9 19 Nov., 2016




N12-57-18.24 & E104-57-10.91

18 Farmer Green color with stripes on epicarp, small seeds

258671 16CJVC-10 19 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kampong Thom San tok Dong Kda Dong Kda N12-37-23.75 & E105-17-34.61

40 Farmer Green color with stripes on epicarp

258672 16CJVC-11 19 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kampong Thom San Tok Kro Yea 75 Chit Bram

N12-37-4.44 & E105-17-31.31

41 Farmer Green or yellow color with stripes on epicarp and white color on epicarp, Storage mixed with no.11, large seeds

258673 16CJVC-11 19 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kampong Thom San Tok Kro Yea 75 Chit Bram

N12-37-4.44 & E105-17-31.31

41 Farmer Green or yellow color with stripes on epicarp and white color on epicarp, Storage mixed with no.11, small seeds

258674 16CJVC-12 20 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata

Pumpkin La Pao Landrace Seeds Kampong Thom San Tok Kro Yea 75 Chit Bram

N12-37-4.44 & E105-17-31.31

41 Farmer Storage mixed with no.10

258675 16CJVC-13 20 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kampong Thom Stouug Banteay Stoung

Banteay Stoung

N12-55-47.79 & E104-38-34.05

24 Farmer Green color with stripes on epicarp and white color on epicarp

258676 16CJVC-14 20 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata

Pumpkin Lapao kingkok

Landrace Seeds Kampong Thom Stouug Banteay Stoung

Banteay Stoung

N12-55-47.79 & E104-38-34.05

24 Farmer

258677 16CJVC-15 20 Nov., 2016

Benincasa hispida

Wax gourd Trolach Roy

Landrace Fruit Kampong Thom Stouug Banteay Stoung

Banteay Stoung

N12-55-47.79 & E104-38-34.05

24 Farmer Long shaped fruit

258678 16CJVC-16 20 Nov., 2016


Landrace Fruit Siem Reap Chi Kreng Kok Tlork Krom

Trorpeng Trav

N13-7-5.00 & E104-19-30.48


258679 16CJVC-17 20 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Chi Kreng Kok Tlork Krom

Trorpeng Trav

N13-7-5.00 & E104-19-30.48


258680 16CJVC-18 20 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Sout Nikoem

Samraong Samraong N13-18-24.24 & E104-8-7.46

33 Farmer Green color with stripes on epicarp, Seeds were collected two years ago, large seeds

258681 16CJVC-18 20 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Sout Nikoem

Samraong Samraong N13-18-24.24 & E104-8-7.46

33 Farmer Green color with stripes on epicarp, Seeds were collected two years ago, small seeds

Table 4. Details of materials collected in Cambodia in 2016

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Altitude (m)


258682 16CJVC-19 20 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kampong Thom Kampong Svay

San Kor San Kor N12-48-28.1 2 & E104-44-16.63

12 Farmer (San Kor market)

Green color with stripes on epicarp, large seeds

258683 16CJVC-19 20 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kampong Thom Kampong Svay

San Kor San Kor N12-48-28.12 & E104-44-16.63

12 Farmer (San Kor market)

Green color with stripes on epicarp, small seeds

258684 16CJVC-20 21 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata


Landrace Fruit Siem Reap Khna Sonday

Khna Sonday

Bantey Srey

N13-35-5.53 & E103-57-49.56

57 Farmer

258685 16CJVC-21 21 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Ban Teay Srey

Khun Ream Khnar Roveas

N13-39-33.93 & E104-00-45.43

75 Farmer White color on epicarp

258686 16CJVC-22 21 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata


Landrace Fruit Siem Reap Svay Leu Taseam Por Pel N13-43-57.91 & E104-16-47.03

131 Farmer

258687 16CJVC-23 21 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Svay Leu Taseam Por Pel N13-43-57.91 & E104-16-47.03


258688 16CJVC-24 21 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata


Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Svay Leu Taseam Trorpeng Thmor

N13-43-30.52 & E104-21-30.01

133 Farmer

258689 16CJVC-25 21 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Svay Leu Taseam Trorpeng Thmor

N13-43-30.52 & E104-21-30.01


258690 16CJVC-26 22 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Pouk Yeang Yeang N13-33-28.11 & E103-36-45.23

16 Farmer Yellow color with stripes on epicarp

258691 16CJVC-27 22 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata



16 Farmer Different skin texture from that in no.34

258692 16CJVC-28 22 Nov., 2016

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Ov Lek Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Pouk Yeang Yeang N13-33-28.11 & E103-36-45.23

16 Farmer Seeds were collected at different time from those in no. 33

258693 16CJVC-29 22 Nov., 2016

Lagenaria siceraria var. gourda

Bottle gourd Tror Lack Srov


16 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit

258694 16CJVC-30 22 Nov., 2016

Benincasa hispida




258695 16CJVC-31 22 Nov., 2016

Luffa acutangula

Angled luffa Nor Noung Jrorng



258696 16CJVC-32 22 Nov., 2016

Trichosanthes anguina

Snake gourd Nor Noung Pors



258697 16CJVC-33 22 Nov., 2016

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Ov Lek Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Pouk Yeang Yeang N13-33-28.11 & E103-36-45.23

16 Farmer Seeds were collected at different time from those in no. 28

258698 16CJVC-34 22 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata



16 Farmer Different skin texture from that in no.27

258699 16CJVC-35 22 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Pouk Khdey Ron Tapang N13-36-52.25 & E103-37-16.79

16 Farmer White color on epicarp, Storage mixed with no. 36

258700 16CJVC-36 22 Nov., 2016

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Ov Lek Cultivar Seeds Siem Reap Pouk Khdey Ron Tapang N13-36-52.25 & E103-37-16.79

16 Farmer Seeds were sold at market near the village, Storage mixed with no. 35

258701 16CJVC-37 23 Nov., 2016


Landrace Fruit Siem Reap Siem Reap

Slor Kram Slor Kram N13-21-35.32 & E103-52-25.11

-2 Seller (Psar Leur Thom New market)

Seller bought fruit from market at Bonteay Srey District in Siem Reap Province, Green color with stripes on epicarp

258702 16CJVC-38 23 Nov., 2016





Seller bought fruit from market at Bonteay Srey District in Siem Reap Province, Yellow color with stripes on epicarp


- 190 -





Altitude (m)


258703 16CJVC-39 23 Nov., 2016





Seller bought fruit from market at Bonteay Srey District in Siem Reap Province, Yellow color on epicarp

258704 16CJVC-40 23 Nov., 2016





Seller bought fruit from market at Bonteay Srey District in Siem Reap Province, White color on epicarp

258705 16CJVC-41 23 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Varin Srea Noy Dai Av N13-52-14.11 & E104-3-51.10

88 Farmer Green or yellow color with stripes on epicarp, large seeds

258706 16CJVC-41 23 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Varin Srea Noy Dai Av N13-52-14.11 & E104-3-51.10

88 Farmer Green or yellow color with stripes on epicarp, small seeds

258707 16CJVC-42 23 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Oddar Meancheay

Onlong veng

Tror peng Tav

Tror peng Tav

N14-14-23.55 & E103-57-9.27

64 Farmer Green color with stripes on epicarp, Storage mixed with no.43 to no.45

258708 16CJVC-43 23 Nov., 2016

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Ov Lek Landrace Seeds Oddar Meancheay

Onlong veng

Tror peng Tav

Tror peng Tav

N14-14-23.55 & E103-57-9.27

64 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit, Storage mixed with no.42, 44, 45

258709 16CJVC-44 23 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata



Onlong veng

Tror peng Tav

Tror peng Tav

N14-14-23.55 & E103-57-9.27

64 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit, Storage mixed with no.42, 43, 45

258710 16CJVC-45 23 Nov., 2016

Vigna radiata Mung bean Seeds Oddar Meancheay

Onlong veng

Tror peng Tav

Tror peng Tav

N14-14-23.55 & E103-57-9.27

64 Farmer Storage mixed with no.42 to no. 44

258711 16CJVC-46 23 Nov., 2016



Samraong Khun Khrill Chuck Meas

N14-14-3.32 & E103-48-39.62


258712 16CJVC-46 23 Nov., 2016




N14-14-3.32 & E103-48-39.62


258713 16CJVC-47 23 Nov., 2016

Benincasa hispida




N14-14-3.32 & E103-48-39.62


258714 16CJVC-48 23 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata


Landrace Fruit Oddar Meancheay


N14-14-3.32 & E103-48-39.62

54 Farmer Bigger fruit size than no. 49, Seeds collected from one fruit

258715 16CJVC-49 23 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata




N14-14-3.32 & E103-48-39.62

54 Farmer Seeds collected from one fruit

258716 16CJVC-51 24 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata


Landrace Seeds Bonteay Meancheay

Phmar Pouk

Bonteay Chhmar

Bonteay Chhmar

N14-4-30.62 & E103-5-32.39

65 Farmer Seeds werecollected from one fruit

258717 16CJVC-52 24 Nov., 2016



Phmar Pouk

Bonteay Chhmar

Bonteay Chhmar

N14-4-30.62 & E103-5-32.39


258718 16CJVC-52 24 Nov., 2016



Phmar Pouk

Bonteay Chhmar

Bonteay Chhmar

N14-4-30.62 & E103-5-32.39


258719 16CJVC-53 24 Nov., 2016



Phmar Pouk

Bonteay Chhmar

Bonteay Chhmar Khang Lech

N14-4-30.62 & E103-5-32.39

65 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits, Green color with stripes and white color on epicarp

258720 16CJVC-54 24 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata



Phmar Pouk

Bonteay Chhmar

Kbal Ton Soung

N14-4-43.63 & E103-4-21.39


258721 16CJVC-55 24 Nov., 2016



Phmar Pouk

Bonteay Chhmar

Kbal Ton Soung

N14-4-43.63 & E103-4-21.39

71 Farmer Seeds were collected from three fruits, Yellow color with and without stripes and white color on epicarp

258722 16CJVC-56 24 Nov., 2016

Benincasa hispida



Phmar Pouk

Bonteay Chhmar

Kbal Ton Soung

N14-4-43.63 & E103-4-21.39



- 191 -





Altitude (m)


258723 16CJVC-58 24 Nov., 2016

Benincasa hispida


Landrace Fruit Bonteay Meancheay

Phmar Pouk

Bonteay Chhmar

Bonteay Chhmar

N14-4-28.48 & E103-6-14.03

76 Farmer

258724 16CJVC-59 24 Nov., 2016



Chong Kal

Chong Kal Prei Thom N13-56-40.67 & E103-34-2.88

29 Farmer Gellow and/or yellow color with stripes on epicarp

258725 16CJVC-60 24 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Srey Snom

Mouug Mouug N13-45-15.10 & E103-32-40.15

19 Farmer Yellow and/or yellow color with stripes and white color on epicarp, Storage mixed with no.61, large seeds

258726 16CJVC-60 24 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Srey Snom

Mouug Mouug N13-45-15.10 & E103-32-40.15

19 Farmer Yellow and/or yellow color with stripes and white color on epicarp, Storage mixed with no.61, small seeds

258727 16CJVC-61 24 Nov., 2016

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Ov Lek Cultivar Seeds Siem Reap Srey Snom

Mouug Mouug N13-45-15.10 & E103-32-40.15


258728 16CJVC-62 24 Nov., 2016

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Ov Lek Landrace Seeds Siem Reap Srey Snom

Mouug Mouug N13-45-15.10 & E103-32-40.15

19 Farmer Found powdery meldew during cultivation, Cultivated separately from no.61

258729 16CJVC-63 25 Nov., 2016



Tro peng Brosat

Pha AV Por Pel N14-13-4.27 & E104-13-47.90


258730 16CJVC-64 25 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata



Tro peng Brosat

Pha AV Por Pel N14-13-4.27 & E104-13-47.90


258731 16CJVC-65 25 Nov., 2016


Cultivar Seeds Oddar Meancheay

Tro peng Brosat

Pha AV Por Pel N14-13-4.27 & E104-13-47.90

74 Farmer Cucumis melo var. inodorus, Yellow skin color on epicarp, Seeds is produced in Thailand campany

258732 16CJVC-66 25 Nov., 2016

Benincasa hispida



Tro peng Brosat

Pha AV Por Pel N14-13-4.27 & E104-13-47.90

74 Farmer

258733 16CJVC-67 25 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Cham Khsan

Khan Tout Dei Thmey

N14-15-9.89 & E104-35-56.01

71 Farmer Green color with stripes and white and/or yellow color on epicarp

258734 16CJVC-68 25 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata



Khan Tout Dei Thmey

N14-15-9.89 & E104-35-56.01

71 Farmer

258735 16CJVC-69 25 Nov., 2016

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Ov Lek Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Cham Khsan

Khan Tout Dei Thmey

N14-15-9.89 & E104-35-56.01

71 Farmer Green color with and/or without stripes on epicarp

258736 16CJVC-70 25 Nov., 2016



Cham Khsan

Veal Thom

N14-12-45.49 & E104-53-33.06


258737 16CJVC-71 25 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata



Cham Khsan

Veal Thom

N14-12-45.49 & E104-53-33.06

74 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits

258738 16CJVC-72 25 Nov., 2016



Cham Khsan

Veal Thom

N14-12-45.49 & E104-53-33.06


258739 16CJVC-72 25 Nov., 2016



Cham Khsan

Veal Thom

N14-12-45.49 & E104-53-33.06


258740 16CJVC-73 25 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata


Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Tbeng Mean Chey

Chhean Mok

Setha kech N13-46-50.44 & E104-54-18.65


258741 16CJVC-74 25 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Khoulen Thmey Steung Sen

N13-51-36.75 & E104-49-15.38

51 Farmer Green color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp

258742 16CJVC-75 25 Nov., 2016



Chhean Mok

Setha kech N13-46-50.44 & E104-54-18.65

69 Farmer Green color with stripes and/or yellow color on epicarp

258743 16CJVC-76 25 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata



Chhean Mok

Setha kech N13-46-50.44 & E104-54-18.65



- 192 -






Altitude (m)


258744 16CJVC-77 25 Nov., 2016

Benincasa hispida



Chhean Mok

Setha kech N13-46-50.44 & E104-54-18.65


258745 16CJVC-78 26 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Chhaeb Mlou Prey Mouy

Khdol N13-48-52.92 & E105-16-8.44

63 Farmer Green color with stripes or yellow color with stripe or white color on epicarp, Seeds were collected from one fruit

258746 16CJVC-79 26 Nov., 2016



Khdol N13-48-52.92 & E105-16-8.44

63 Farmer Green color with stripes or yellow color with stripe or white color on epicarp, Seeds were collected from one fruit

258747 16CJVC-80 26 Nov., 2016



Khdol N13-48-52.92 & E105-16-8.44

63 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit, Green color with stripes or yellow color with stripe or white color on epicarp, large seeds

258748 16CJVC-80 26 Nov., 2016



Khdol N13-48-52.92 & E105-16-8.44

63 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit, Green color with stripes or yellow color with stripe or white color on epicarp, small seeds

258749 16CJVC-81 26 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata



Khdol N13-48-52.92 & E105-16-8.44


258750 16CJVC-82 26 Nov., 2016

Benincasa hispida


Landrace Fruit Steung Treng Thala Borivat

Anlong Chrey

Srolov N13-47-12.46 & E105-34-29.14

115 Farmer

258751 16CJVC-83 26 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Steung Treng Thala Borivat

Anlong Chrey

Srolov N13-47-12.46 & E105-34-29.14

115 Farmer Seeds were collected from three fruits, Yellow color with and without stripes and/or white color on epicarp

258752 16CJVC-84 26 Nov., 2016

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Ov Lek Landrace Seeds Steung Treng Thala Borivat

Anlong Chrey

Srolov N13-47-12.46 & E105-34-29.14


258753 16CJVC-85 26 Nov., 2016

Cucumis sativus Cucumber Tror Sork Pha'ak

Landrace Seeds Steung Treng Thla Sa'ang Tnot Thmey

N13-43-25.90 & E105-49-24.25

92 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit, Fruit length and diameter are 30 cm and 7 cm, respectively

258754 16CJVC-86 26 Nov., 2016



N13-43-25.90 & E105-49-24.25

92 Farmer Seeds were collected from four or five fruits, Green and/or yellow color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, large seeds

258755 16CJVC-86 26 Nov., 2016



N13-43-25.90 & E105-49-24.25

92 Farmer Seeds were collected from four or five fruits, Green and/or yellow color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, small seeds

258756 16CJVC-87 26 Nov., 2016

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Ov Lek Landrace Seeds Steung Treng Thla Sa'ang Tnot Thmey

N13-43-25.90 & E105-49-24.25

92 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits

258757 16CJVC-88 26 Nov., 2016

Cucumis sativus Cucumber Tror Sork Pha'ak


N13-43-25.90 & E105-49-24.25

92 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit, Fruit length and diameter are 30 cm and 7 cm, respectively

258758 16CJVC-90 28 Nov., 2016

Zea maize Corn Pout Deomnerb


N13-43-25.90 & E105-49-24.25

92 Farmer Plant height is 180cm, Panicle length is 30cm

258760 16CJVC-92 28 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Steung Treng Thla Sa'ang Chhvang N13-43-40.00 & E105-46-22.42

95 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit, Green or yellow color with stripes and/or white color and yellow color on epicarp, large seeds

258761 16CJVC-92 28 Nov., 2016



95 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit, Green or yellow color with stripes and/or white color and yellow color on epicarp, small seeds

258762 16CJVC-93 28 Nov., 2016

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Ov Lek Landrace Seeds Steung Treng Thla Sa'ang Chhvang N13-43-40.00 & E105-46-22.42


- 193 -






Altitude (m)


258764 16CJVC-94 28 Nov., 2016



95 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit, Green or yellow color with stripes and/or white color and yellow color on epicarp, small seeds

258765 16CJVC-95 28 Nov., 2016

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Ov Lek Landrace Seeds Steung Treng Thla Sa'ang Chhvang N13-43-40.00 & E105-46-22.42


258766 16CJVC-96 28 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Chey Sen Sa'ang Teok Lech N13-39-29.94 & E105-15-50.40

57 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits, Green color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, large seeds

258767 16CJVC-96 28 Nov., 2016



57 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits, Green color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, small seeds

258768 16CJVC-97 28 Nov., 2016

Benincasa hispida

Wax gourd Tror Lach M'rech



258769 16CJVC-98 28 Nov., 2016

Solanum melongena

Eggplant Trap Sroy Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Rov veng Rek Reay Khvang N13-25-19.57 & E105-8-13.86

54 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit, Fruit color and length are different from those of no.99

258770 16CJVC-99 28 Nov., 2016

Solanum melongena

Eggplant Trap Sroy Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Rov veng Rek Reay Khvang N13-25-19.57 & E105-8-13.86

54 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit, Fruit color and length are different from those of no.98

258771 1 6 C J V C -100

28 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Rov veng Rek Reay Khvang N13-25-19.57 & E105-8-13.86

54 Farmer Green color or yellow color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, large seeds

258772 1 6 C J V C -100

28 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Rov veng Rek Reay Khvang N13-25-19.57 & E105-8-13.86

54 Farmer Green color or yellow color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, small seeds

258773 1 6 C J V C -101

28 Nov., 2016

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Ov Lek Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Rov veng Rek Reay Khvang N13-25-19.57 & E105-8-13.86


258775 1 6 C J V C -103

28 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Songkom Cham Reoun

Da N13-32-50.71 & E104-55-19.68

99 Farmer Seeds were collected from two or three fruits, Green color or yellow color with stripes and/or white color and yellow color on epicarp

258776 1 6 C J V C -104

28 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Ram Dos Thnal Khong

Thnal Khong

N13-30-51.51 & E105-1-43.66

71 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits, Green color or yellow color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, large seeds

258777 1 6 C J V C -104

28 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Ram Dos Thnal Khong

Thnal Khong

N13-30-51.51 & E105-1-43.66

71 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits, Green color or yellow color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, small seeds

258778 1 6 C J V C -105

28 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata

Pumpkin La Pao Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Ram Dos Thnal Khong

Thnal Khong

N13-30-51.51 & E105-1-43.66

71 Farmer

258779 1 6 C J V C -106

28 Nov., 2016

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Ov Lek Landrace Seeds Preah Vihear Songkom Cham Reoun

Da N13-32-50.71 & E104-55-19.68

99 Farmer

258780 1 6 C J V C -107

29 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kratie Sam Bo O Khreang O Khreang

N13-2-42.21 & E106-10-48.83

50 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits, Green color with stripes on epicarp, large seeds

258781 1 6 C J V C -107

29 Nov., 2016



N13-2-42.21 & E106-10-48.83

50 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits, Green color with stripes on epicarp, small seeds

258782 1 6 C J V C -108

29 Nov., 2016



N13-2-42.21 & E106-10-48.83

50 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits, White color on epicarp, large seeds

258783 1 6 C J V C -108

29 Nov., 2016



N13-2-42.21 & E106-10-48.83

50 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits, White color on epicarp, small seeds

258784 1 6 C J V C -109

29 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata



N13-2-42.21 & E106-10-48.83


- 194 -






Altitude (m)


258785 1 6 C J V C -110

29 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kratie Sambo Kbal Damrei

Chong Horb

N12-49-51.39 & E106-11-3.82

58 Farmer Green color or yellow color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, Seeds were collected from each fruits in three kinds of epicarp color, large seeds

258786 1 6 C J V C -110

29 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kratie Sambo Kbal Damrei

Chong Horb

N12-49-51.39 & E106-11-3.82

58 Farmer Green color or yellow color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, Seeds were collected from each fruits in three kinds of epicarp color, small seeds

258787 1 6 C J V C -111

29 Nov., 2016

Cucurbita moschata

Pumpkin La Pao Landrace Seeds Kratie Sambo Kbal Damrei

Chong Horb

N12-49-51.39 & E106-11-3.82

58 Farmer Seeds were collected from many fruits

258788 1 6 C J V C -112

30 Nov., 2016


Landrace Fruit Kratie Kratie Kratie N12-29-4.15 & E106-1-4.32

23 Seller (Phsar Samaki Krong Kratie)

Melon is cultivated in Kaoh Chraeng island in the Mekhong River in Prey Brosorb district, Light green color with stripes on epicarp

258789 1 6 C J V C -113

30 Nov., 2016




Melon is cultivated in Kaoh Chraeng island in the Mekhong River in Prey Brosorb district, White color with stripes on epicarp

258790 1 6 C J V C -114

30 Nov., 2016




Melon is cultivated in Kaoh Chraeng island in the Mekhong River in Prey Brosorb district, Yellow color with stripes on epicarp

258791 1 6 C J V C -115

30 Nov., 2016




Melon is cultivated in Kaoh Chraeng island in the Mekhong River in Prey Brosorb district, Green color with stripes on epicarp

258792 1 6 C J V C -116

30 Nov., 2016




Melon is cultivated in Kaoh Chraeng island in the Mekhong River in Prey Brosorb district, Green color with yellow stripes on epicarp

258793 1 6 C J V C -117

30 Nov., 2016




Melon is cultivated in Kaoh Chraeng island in the Mekhong River in Prey Brosorb district, Yellow color on epicarp

258794 1 6 C J V C -118

30 Nov., 2016




Melon is cultivated in Kaoh Chraeng island in the Mekhong River in Prey Brosorb district, Yellow color with stripes on epicarp

258795 1 6 C J V C -120

30 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kratie Sambor Sandan Sandan Leu

N12-42-15.80 & E106-0-50.81

25 Farmer Seeds were collected from seven fruits, Green color and/or yellow color with stripes or white color on epicarp, large seeds

258796 1 6 C J V C -120

30 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kratie Sambor Sandan Sandan Leu

N12-42-15.80 & E106-0-50.81

25 Farmer Seeds were collected from seven fruits, Green color and/or yellow color with stripes or white color on epicarp, small seeds

258797 1 6 C J V C -121

30 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kratie Chit Borey

Khan Tout Thmor Reap

N12-28-14.10 & E106-10-0.60

37 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits of green color with stripes on epicarp

258798 1 6 C J V C -122

30 Nov., 2016

Benincasa hispida

Wax gourd Trolach Landrace Fruit Kratie Chit Borey


N12-28-14.10 & E106-10-0.60

37 Farmer

258799 1 6 C J V C -123

30 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kratie Chit Borey


N12-28-14.10 & E106-10-0.60

37 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit of white color on epicarp

258800 1 6 C J V C -124

30 Nov., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kratie Snoul Svay Chras N12-18-10.30 & E106-18-6.20

68 Farmer Seeds were collected from one fruit, Green color with stripes

258801 1 6 C J V C -125

1 Dec., 2016


Landrace Seeds Tbong Khmom Sambae Seda Prey Chhor

N12-15-9.05 & E105-58-35.68

24 Farmer Seeds were collected from four fruits, Green or yellow color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, large seeds

- 195 -






Altitude (m)


258802 1 6 C J V C -125

1 Dec., 2016


Landrace Seeds Tbong Khmom Sambae Seda Prey Chhor

N12-15-9.05 & E105-58-35.68

24 Farmer Seeds were collected from four fruits, Green or yellow color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, small seeds

258803 1 6 C J V C -126

1 Dec., 2016


Landrace Seeds Tbong Khmom Tbong Khmom

Tonle Bet Doun Mao Leu

N12-57-39.91 & E105-28-35.76

16 Farmer Seeds were introduced from Thai pei, Cucumis melo var. makuwa, large seeds

258804 1 6 C J V C -126

1 Dec., 2016


Landrace Seeds Tbong Khmom Tbong Khmom

Tonle Bet Doun Mao Leu

N12-57-39.91 & E105-28-35.76

16 Farmer Seeds were introduced from Thai pei, Cucumis melo var. makuwa, small seeds

258805 1 6 C J V C -128

2 Dec., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kandal Saang Svay Broteal

Roussey Chroy

N11-24-31.35 & E105-2-3.93


258806 1 6 C J V C -129

2 Dec., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kandal Saang Tkhol Number8 N11-19-21.97 & E105-3-46.59

5 Farmer Seeds were collected from many fruits, Green or yellow color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, large seeds

258807 1 6 C J V C -129

2 Dec., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kandal Saang Tkhol Number8 N11-19-21.97 & E105-3-46.59

5 Farmer Seeds were collected from many fruits, Green or yellow color with stripes and/or white color on epicarp, small seeds

258808 1 6 C J V C -130

2 Dec., 2016


Landrace Seeds Kandal Koh Thom

Khampong Khong

Khbal Damrey Leu

N11-10-33.07 & E105-4-45.04

8 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits, Yellow color with stripes on epicarp, large seeds

258809 1 6 C J V C -130

2 Dec., 2016



Khampong Khong

Khbal Damrey Leu

N11-10-33.07 & E105-4-45.04

8 Farmer Seeds were collected from two fruits, Yellow color with stripes on epicarp, small seeds

258810 1 6 C J V C -131

2 Dec., 2016



Khampong Khong

Khbal Damrey Leu

N11-10-33.07 & E105-4-45.04

8 Farmer Seeds were collected from many fruits, Yellow color with stripes on epicarp, large seeds

258811 1 6 C J V C -131

2 Dec., 2016



Khampong Khong

Khbal Damrey Leu

N11-10-33.07 & E105-4-45.04

8 Farmer Seeds were collected from many fruits, Yellow color with stripes on epicarp, small seeds

258812 1 6 C J V C -132

2 Dec., 2016

Momordica charantia

Bitter gourd Tang On rass


Khampong Khong

Khbal Damrey Leu

N11-10-33.07 & E105-4-45.04

8 Farmer Seeds were collected from many fruits

258813 1 6 C J V C -133

2 Dec., 2016

Cucurbita moschata

Pumpkin Lapao Landrace Seeds Kandal Koh Thom

Khampong Khong

Khbal Damrey Leu

N11-10-33.07 & E105-4-45.04

8 Farmer

258814 1 6 C J V C -134

2 Dec., 2016

Cucumis melo Melon Tror Sork Sva


Khampong Khong

Khbal Damrey Leu

N11-10-47.07 & E105-4-54.02

10 Field Weedy melon

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Photo 3. Farm land near the Mekong River, Kratie Province.

Photo 2. Paddy field near Tonle Sap, Kampong Thom Province.

Photo 7. Vegetable field at southern Cambodia, Kandal Province.

Photo 1. Bumpy and muddy roads in lowland, Preah Vihear Province.

Photo 4. Lowland area, Kampong Cham Province.

Photo 5. Stilted house, Kampong Thom Province. Stilted houses are common in Cambodia and prevent from flooding above floor level and infestation by mice.

Photo 6. Dried paddy-field after harvest, Preah Vihear Province Province.

Photo 8. Rubber plantation, Kampong Thom Province.

Photograph 1. Bumpy and muddy roads in lowland, Preah Vihear Province.

Photograph 2. Paddy field near Tonle Sap, Kampong Thom Province.

Photograph 4. Lowland area, Kampong Cham Province.

Photograph 3. Farmland near the Mekong River, Kratie Province.

Photograph 7. Vegetable fields at southern Cambodia, Kandal Province.

Photograph 8. Rubber plantation, Kampong Thom Province.

Photograph 6. Dried paddy-field, after harvest, Preah Vihear Province.

Photograph 5. Stilted house, Kampong Thom Province. Sti l ted houses are common in Cambodia and prevents from flooding above floor level and infestion by mice.

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Photo 9. Banana plantation, Preah Vihear Province.

Photo 10. Market at Kampong Thom city, Kampong Thom Province.

Photo 12. Banana fruit shop at market, Kampong Thom Province.

Photo 11. Fish shop at market near Tonle Sap, Kampong Thom Province.

Photo 14. Roasted and rolled banana for sweet, sold at markets.

Photo 13. Snack of freshwater clam at market, found at whole of Cambodia.

Photo 15. Mature melon with yellow fruit skin at roadside market, Kampong Thom Province.

Photo 16. Immature cucumber at vegetable market, Siem Reap Province.

Photograph 9. Banana plantation, Preah Vihear Province.

Photograph 10. Market in Kampong Thom city, Kampong Thom Province.

Photograph 11. Fish shop in the market near Tonle Sap, Kampong Thom Province.

Photograph 12. Banana fruit shop in the market, Kampong Thom Province.

Photograph 13. Dried freshwater clam sold in the market. Dried freshwater clams are commonly eaten as light foods in Cambodia.

Photograph 14. Roasted and rolled banana sold in the market. Roasted and rolled bananas are eaten as sweets.

Photograph 15. Mature melon with yellow fruit skin sold in the roadside market, Kampong Thom Province.

Photograph 16. Immature cucumber sold in the vegetable market, Siem Reap Province.

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Photo 17. Immature luffa at vegetable shop, Kampong Thom Province.

Photo 18. Mature luffa at vegetable shop, Oddar Meancheay Province.

Photo 19. Mature watermelon at market, Kratie Province.

Photo 20. Immature watermelon at vegetable market, Oddar Meancheay Province.

Photo 22. Immature snake gourd at vegetable market, Oddar Meancheay Province.

Photo 21. Oblong bottle gourd at vegetable market, Siem Reap Province.

Photo 23. Bitter gourd at vegetable market, Siem Reap Province.

Photo 24. Improved variety of melon at market, Siem Reap Province.

Photograph 17. Immature luffa sold in the vegatable shop, Kampong Thom Province.

Photograph 18. Mature luffa sold in the vegetable shop, Oddar Meancheay Province.

Photograph 19. Mature watermelon sold in the market, Kratie Province.

Photograph 20. Immature watermelon sold in the vegetable market, Oddar Meancheat Province.

Photograph 21. Oblong bottle gourd sold in the vegetable market, Siem Reap Province.

Photograph 22. Immature snake gourd sold in the vegetable at market, Oddar Meancheay Province.

Photograph 23. Bitter gourd sold in the vegetable market, Siem Reap Province.

Photograph 24. Improved variety of melon sold in the market, Siem Reap Province.

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Photo 27. Variation of melon fruit at a market of Photo 26. I: 16CJV-C117, II: 16CJV-C118, III: 16CJV-C113, IV: 16CJV-C112, V: 16CJV-C114, VI: 16CJV-C115.

Photo 28. Corn landrace at Tnot Thmey village, Steung Treng Province.

Photo 25. Immature melon fruits, Oddar Meancheay Province.

Photo 26. Melon fruits at Phsar Samaki Krong Kratie market, Kratie Province.

Photo 30. Farmers’ house at Banteay Stoung village, Kampong Thom Province. Interview were conducted with stored-seeds of melon “16CJVC-13” and photo.

Photo 29. Wild melon at field, Kandal Province.

Photo 31. Stored-seeds of “16CJV-C83” and “16CJV-C84” in netted bag, Steung Treng Province.

Photo 32. Stored-seeds of “16CJV-C26” to “16CJV-C34” segregated in different plastic bags at a farmers’ house, Siem Reap Province.

I II

III IV V VI

Photograph 30. Farmerʼ house at Bateay Stoung village, Kampong Thom Province. Interview were conducted for stored-seeds of melon “16CJVC-13ˮ showing sample photograph.

Photograph 31. Stored-seed of “16CJV-C83” and “16CJV-C84ˮ in netted bag, Steung Treng Province.

Photograph 32. Stored-seed of “16CJV-C26ˮ to “16CJV-C34ˮ at a farmersʼ house, stored separately foe each crop, Siem Reap Province.

Photograph 25. Immature melon fruit, Oddar Meancheay Province.

Photograph 26. Melon fruits sold in the Phsar Samaki Krong Kratie market, Kratie Province.

Photograph 27. Variation of melon fruits found in a market of Photograph 26. I: 16CJV-C117, II: 16CJV-C118, III: 16CJV-C113, IV: 16CJV-C112, V: 16CJV-C114, VI: 16CJV-C115.

Photograph 28. Landrace of maize at Tnot Thmey village, Steung Treng Province.

Photograph 29. Wild melon growing in the field, Kandal Province.

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10.0cm

Photo 33. Ten-melon-seeds of “16CJV-C9” measured

Photo 34. Wild melon of “16CJV-C134”.

Photo 35. Melon cultivation at Samraong village, Siem Reap Province.

Photo 36. Thinned-out-seedlings of melon after transplanting at field of Photo 35.

10.0cm

Photo 40. Melon fruit of “16CJV-C5” at collection site, Kampong Thom Province.

Photo 39. Melon fruit of “16CJV-C113” at collection site, Kratie Province.

Photo 37. Young seedling of melon at Khbal Damrey Leu village, Kandal Province.

Photo 38. Three kinds of pickled melon at market, Kampong Thom Province.

Photograph 33. Ten-melon-seeds of “16CJV-C9ˮ measured.

Photograph 34. Wild melon of “16CJV-C-134ˮ.

Photograph 35. Melon cultivation at Samraong village, Siem Reap Province.

Photograph 36. Thinned-out-seedlings of melon after transplanting at field in Photograph 35.

Photograph 37. Young seedling of melon at Khbal Damrey Leu village, Kandal Province.

Photograph 38. Three kinds of pickled melon sold in the market, Kampong Thom Province.

Photograph 39. Melon fruit of “16CJV-C113ˮ collected in Kratie Province.

Photograph 40. Melon fruit of “16CJV-C5ˮ collected in Kampong Thom Province.

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Collaborative Exploration of Capsicum Genetic Resourcesin Northern Cambodia, 2016

Toru SUGITA 1)*, Hiroshi MATSUNAGA 2), Sim THEAVY 3),Sakhan SOPHANY 3)

1) Miyazaki Agricultural Research Institute, Shimonaka 5805, Sadowara, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 880-0212, Japan

2) Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Kusawa 360, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan

3) Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Road 3, Prateahlang, Dangkor, P.O. Box 01, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

*Present affiliation: Faculty of Environmental and Horticultural Science, Minami Kyushu University, Tateno 3764-1, Miyakonojyo, Miyazaki 885-0035, Japan

Communicated by K. EBANA (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received May 7, 2017, Accepted Jan. 20, 2018Corresponding author: H. MATSUNAGA (e-mail: [email protected])

Summary

The National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) and the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) have collaborated under the Plant Genetic Resources in Asia project to survey the vegetable genetic resources available in Cambodia, since 2014. As part of this project, two field surveys of solanaceous crops were conducted in November 2014 and 2015 in western and eastern Cambodia, respectively. In November 2016, we conducted a third field survey in northern Cambodia, in Kampong Thom, Siem Reap, Oddar Meanchey, and Preah Vihear provinces. We collected 46 chili pepper fruit samples from markets and farmer yards, including 13 Capsicum annuum and 33 Capsicum frutescens fruits. Harvested seeds were evenly transferred to the CARDI and the NARO gene banks.

KEY WORDS: Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, chili pepper, genetic resources, Cambodia

IntroductionThere are abundant vegetable genetic resources available in Southeast Asia, many of them within

Solanaceae (Yamamoto and Nawata 2005; Matsunaga et al. 2010). It is very important to use these resources for breeding purposes, as they represent useful wide genetic diversity (Saito et al. 2006; Matsunaga et al. 2015). However, few chili pepper genetic resources from Cambodia are known outside

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Date Day Itinerary Stay16-Nov Wed Chubu 11:00 (TG645) -- 15:40 Bangkok 18:20 (TG584) -- 19:35 Phnom Penh Phnom Penh17-Nov Thu Visit Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) Phnom Penh18-Nov Fri Phnom Penh -- Kampong Thom -- Kampong Svay -- Siem Reap Siem Reap19-Nov Sat Siem Reap -- Preah Dak -- Tbeang -- Anlong Veng Anlong Veng20-Nov Sun Anlong Veng -- Trapeang Prasat -- Samrong Samrong21-Nov Mon Samrong -- Choam Khsant -- Tbaeng Meanchey -- Pou --Tbaeng Meanchey Tbaeng Meanchey22-Nov Tue Tbaeng Meanchey -- Cheb -- Tbaeng Meanchey -- Kulen -- Tbaeng Meanchey Tbaeng Meanchey23-Nov Wed Tbaeng Meanchey -- Bos Poy -- Sambour -- Kampong Thom Kampong Thom24-Nov Thu Kampong Thom -- Phnom Penh Phnom Penh25-Nov Fri Visit CARDI, Phnom Penh 20:35 (TG585) -- 21:40 Bangkok On flight26-Nov Sat Bangkok 00:05 (TG644) -- 7:30 Chubu

Cambodia (Matsunaga et al. 2015). Therefore, it is necessary to promote the collection and exploration of genetic resources in this area. Recently, as improved road access and urbanization in rural areas steadily increases, chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) landraces traditionally cultivated in the region have been replaced by high-quality, high-yielding breeding lines with higher commodity value. Thus, the genetic diversity among the crops grown in this region has started to decrease. In July 2014, the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) in Japan and the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), established a Joint Research Agreement for the Characterization and Evaluation of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture to preserve and ensure the effective use of genetic resources. As part of this Joint Research Agreement, three chili pepper field surveys were completed in Cambodia. The first survey was conducted in November 2014 in western Cambodia, covering a route through to the south of Tonlé Sap Lake (Matsunaga et al. 2015). The second survey was conducted in November 2015 in eastern Cambodia; this included the Mondulkiri and Ratanakiri highlands (Tanaka et al. 2016). Now, the third survey, in November 2016, focused on northern Cambodia, on route to the north of Tonlé Sap Lake. Here, we report the results of the third survey.

MethodsThe third field survey was conducted from 17th to 24th November 2016 (Table 1). We collected our

first sample (No. 1, unidentified Capsicum species) on 17th November from the garden of a CARDI staff member, because the fruits were round, which is rare in Cambodia. We left Phnom Penh for Kampong Thom province on 18th November, and collected chili pepper landraces from various locations in the provinces of Kampong Thom, Siem Reap, Oddar Meanchey, and Preah Vihear, in that order (Table 1, Fig. 1). We traveled by car to local markets (Photo 1) and farmer yards and fields (Photos 2 and 3). When we found chili pepper plants, we conducted interviews to obtain information regarding their origins, local names, and cultivation history (Photo 4). We collected mature fruits whenever - based on information gathered through interviews - we decided that the samples represented local landraces. We assigned a number to each sample and recorded the information obtained during interviews, as well as the location details (i.e., latitude, longitude, and altitude) determined by a Global Positioning System receiver. All samples were identified to species level using the taxonomic key (Eshbaugh 2012). Seeds were harvested from mature fruits within one day after collection and then dried for two days at our lodging.

Table 1. Itinerary followed during the 2016 survey in northern Cambodia

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ResultsSummary of samples collected

In addition to sample No. 1, we collected 46 chili pepper fruits (13 Capsicum annuum L. and 33 Capsicum frutescens L.) from various locations in northern Cambodia (Tables 2 and 3). The seeds were shared equally between NARO and CARDI, except for those of sample No. 1, which were immature.

Daily record of the field survey18th November: We left Phnom Penh and traveled north on Route 6 toward Kampong, Thom

province, in central Cambodia. We collected three chili-pepper fruit samples (Nos. 2-4) from the market in Kampong Thom, Stung Sen district. We then moved to Kampong Svay district, and collected three more fruit samples (Nos. 5-7) from farm yards. Next, we traveled on Route 6 toward Siem Reap province, in northwestern Cambodia. We collected one fruit sample (No. 8) from a plant growing beside an outdoor toilet in a farm yard in Prasat Bakong district, near Tonlé Sap Lake.

19th November: We first explored Siem Reap province. We collected a fruit sample (No. 9) from the yard of a house in a town in Siem Reap district. We then moved to Banteay Srey district, in central Siem Reap, and collected six fruit samples (Nos. 10-15) from farm yards and crop fields. After that we headed toward Oddar Meanchey province, north of Siem Reap province.

20th November: We initially explored the Rong Vong Moul market in Anlong Veng district, and collected three fruit samples (Nos. 16-18). Next, we headed east to Trapeang Prasat district, and collected four fruit samples (Nos. 19-22) from farm yards. We then traveled to Samrong district, west of Anlong Veng district, and collected four fruit samples (Nos. 23-26) from farm yards.

Fig. 1. Route of the third field survey in northern Cambodia, 2016

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21st November: We drove from Samrong district in Oddar Meanchey province to Preah Vihear province, in northern Cambodia. We collected two fruit samples (Nos. 27 and 28) at the Sra Em market, in Choam Ksant district. We then moved to Tbaeng Meanchey district, in central Preah Vihear, and collected two fruit samples (Nos. 29 and 30) from farm yards.

22nd November: We first explored the Kampong Pranak market in Tbaeng Meanchey, and collected four fruit samples (Nos. 31-34). We then traveled to Cheb district, in eastern Preah Vihear, and collected four fruit samples (Nos. 35-38) from farm yards. We next traveled to Kulen district, in western Preah Vihear, and collected three fruit samples (Nos. 39-41) from farm yards.

23rd November: We drove to Rovieng district, in southern Preah Vihear, and collected four fruit samples (Nos. 42-45) from farm yards. We then headed to Kampong Svay district, in Kampong Thom province, and collected one fruit sample (No. 46) from a farm yard. We next traveled to Prasath Sambo district, and collected another fruit sample (No. 47) from a farm yard.

24th November: We returned from Kampong Thom province to Phnom Penh.25th November: Upon returning to Phnom Penh, we found that the seeds of sample No. 1 were

immature, so we removed sample No. 1 from our collection. We reported the results of our field survey to CARDI, and we divided the collected dried seeds (except for the sample No. 1 seeds) equally between NARO and CARDI.

DiscussionCapsicum species, such as chili pepper, sweet pepper, and paprika, are consumed worldwide as fresh

vegetables and spices, and are also used for food coloring. The genus Capsicum includes five domesticated species: C. annuum L., C. baccatum L., C. chinense Jacq., C. frutescens L., and C. pubescens Ruiz & Pav. (Bosland and Votava 1999). Chili pepper plants originated in the Americas (Bosland 1994), and have been cultivated globally since the Columbian exchange, because of their high environmental adaptability and pleasant taste. In South, Southeast, and East Asia, various types of chili pepper are used as the base of many regional foods (e.g., curries) (Nunn and Qian 2010), including in Cambodia (Photo 5). In Cambodia, the two species detected (i.e., C. annuum and C. frutescens) are used mainly as spices (Yamamoto et al. 2011).

The 46 chili pepper samples that we collected were identified as C. annuum (13), and C. frutescens (33) (Tables 2 and 3). The absence of any other species collected is consistent with the results of the first two field surveys (Matsunaga et al., 2015; Tanaka et al., 2016).

The 33 C. frutescens accessions included 20 accessions of ‘Mates Ach Sath’, seven of ‘Mates Sor’, three of ‘Mates Kdor Chmar’, and one each of ‘Mates Khmer’, ‘Mates Sre’, and unspecified ‘Mates’. ‘Mates’

Table 2. Samples collected during the 2016 survey in northern CambodiaCollection site

(province) C. annuum C. frutescens Total

Kampong Thom 2 6 8Siem Reap 3 5 8Oddar Meanchey 2 9 11Preah Vihear 6 13 19Total 13 33 46

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is the Khmer name for Capsicum peppers. The ‘Mates Ach Sath’ (“birds drop”) plants produced small fruits, 2 - 3 cm long (Photo 6). This landrace is the most widely cultivated C. frutescens chili pepper in northern Cambodia and was the most commonly collected chili pepper during our survey, as in the previous two surveys (Matsunaga et al., 2015; Tanaka et al., 2016). The ‘Mates Sor’ (“white”) plants produced small fruits 2 - 3 cm long (Photo 7), and the immature fruits were yellowish-white (Photo 8). The ‘Mates Kdor Chmar’ (“cat penis”) fruits were 1 - 4 cm long (Photos 9 and 10), and the immature fruits were pale green (Photo 11). The small ‘Mates Khmer’ (Photo 12) and unspecified ‘Mates’ (Photo 13) fruits were 3 cm long.

The 13 accessions identified as C. annuum included eight accessions of ‘Mates Dai Neang’ and one of each of the following: ‘Mates Chang Ol Mek’, ‘Mates Chrok’, ‘Mates Khiv’, ‘Mates Krochok Neang’, and unspecified ‘Mates’. ‘Mates Dai Neang’ (“ring finger”) is the most widely cultivated C. annuum chili pepper in northern Cambodia and was the most commonly collected C. annuum chili pepper in this survey. This result is similar to that of the previous two field surveys (Matsunaga et al. 2015; Tanaka et al. 2016). The ‘Mates Dai Neang’ fruits were usually 4 - 8 cm long (Photos 14 and 15), and were generally longer than the C. frutescens fruits collected, except that those of sample No. 39 were 3 - 5 cm long (Photo 16). Sample No. 39 was the only accession that produced purple immature fruits (Photo 17). The ‘Mates Chang Ol Mek’ fruits collected from the Kampong Pranak market were glossy and 5 - 7 cm long (Photo 18), while the ‘Mates Chrok’ fruits were 6 - 10 cm long (Photo 19). Farmers interviewed said that this chili pepper is not particularly spicy. The ‘Mates Khiv’ (“blue”) fruits were 3 - 4 cm long (Phot 20), and the ‘Mates Krochok Neang’ fruits were glossy and 5 cm long (Photo 21). At 7 - 10 cm, the unspecified ‘Mates’ fruits were relatively long (Photo 22).

As in the first survey, the morphological characteristics of the fruit differed to a lesser extent in the third survey than in the second survey, in eastern Cambodia (Matsunaga et al. 2015; Tanaka et al. 2016), where several C. frutescens genetic resources were collected, mainly from farm yards. The mountainous regions in eastern Cambodia may hold several Capsicum genetic resources. However, especially those of C. annuum, many high-quality accessions considered as breeding lines, had uniform size, the shape and the luster of ripen fruits, and were collected in local towns and cities. Additionally, attempts to improve chili pepper cultivars seem to be progressing in the Cambodian countryside, helping to prevent further decrease in the number of landraces being cultivated in these regions due to rapid improvement of road access in these areas. The preservation and use of the genetic resources collected during this project may be important for preventing additional losses of chili pepper genetic resources.

AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by a grant (PGRAsia Project) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry,

and Fisheries of the Government of Japan.

ReferencesBosland PW (1994) Chiles: History, cultivation and uses. In: Spices, Herbs and Edible Fungi. Charambous

G (ed). Elsevier, New York, pp. 347-366.Bosland PW, Votava EJ (1999) Peppers: vegetable and spice in Capsicums. CABI Publishing, New York,

pp. 14-22.Eshbaugh WH (2012) The taxonomy of the genus Capsicum. In: Peppers: Botany, Production and Uses.

Russo VM (ed). CABI Publishing, New York, pp. 14-28.

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Matsunaga H, Matsushima K, Tanaka K, Theavy S, Heng SL, Channa T, Takahashi Y, Tomooka N (2015) Collaborative exploration of the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae vegetable genetic resources in Cambodia, 2014. AREIPGR31: 169-187.

Matsunaga H, Sugiyama M, Tanaka K, Chanthanom D (2010) Collaborative exploration of vegetable genetic resources in Laos, 2009. AREIPGR 26: 65-81.

Nunn N, Qian N (2010) The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas. J Econ Perspect 24: 163-188.

Saito T, Matsumoto M, Htaik TH, Yi SS (2006) Collaborative exploration of vegetables genetic resources in Myanmar, 2005. AREIPGR 22: 115-133 (in Japanese with English summary).

Tanaka Y, Matsunaga H, Theavy S, Heng SL, Sophany S (2016) Collaborative survey of Solanaceae genetic resources in Eastern Cambodia, 2015. AREIPGR 32: 139-157.

Yamamoto S, Nawata E (2005) Capsicum frutescens L. in Southeast and East Asia, and its dispersal routes into Japan. Econ Bot 59: 18-28.

Yamamoto S, Matsumoto T, Nawata E (2011) Capsicum use in Cambodia: the continental region of Southeast Asia is not related to the dispersal route of C. frutescens in the Ryukyu Islands. Econ Bot 65: 27-43.

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2016年カンボジア北部におけるカプシカム属遺伝資源の共同探索

杉田亘 1)*・松永啓 2)・Sim THEAVY3)・Sakhan SOPHANY3)

1) 宮崎県総合農業試験場2) 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構　野菜花き研究部門3) カンボジア農業研究機構* 現：学校法人　南九州学園　南九州大学

和文摘要　農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構（NARO）とカンボジア農業研究機構（CARDI）は，カンボジア国内における野菜類を中心とした遺伝資源を探索するため，PGRAsia（Plant Genetic Resource in Asia）プロジェクトのもと，2014 年から共同研究を実施している．本プロジェクトの

一環として，2014 年と 2015 年の 11 月に，それぞれカンボジアの西部と東部地域において，2 回のナス科作物の探索を実施した．2016 年 11 月に我々は，カンボジア北部地域の Kampong Thom，Siem Reap，Oddar Meanchey，Preah Vihear 州において，3 回目の探索を実施した．本探索において，13 の Capsicum annuum と 33 の Capsicum frutescens で構成された合計 46 サンプルのトウガラシを

市場や農家の裏庭で収集した．収集した種子は， CARDI と NARO のジーンバンクに均等に分配した．

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Collection No.

Passport No.

JP No. JP Name Date Genus & Species

Province /State

District Commune Village North latitude/ East longitude

Altitude (m)


Status Local name Fruit characteristics, origin, etc.

2 30069405 258269 COL/CAMBODIA/2016/NIVTS/002 Nov. 18

Capsicum annuum

Kampong Thom Stung Sen Kampong Rotes Kampong Thom 12-42-42/ 104-53-13

3 Market (Kampong Thom)

landrace Mates Dai Neang

from Siem Reap


Capsicum frutescens



landrace Mates Ach Sath from Pray Sbov village, Stung Som Dist. near the market


Capsicum frutescens



landrace Mates Ach Sath from Samtouk Village, Kampong Svay Dis. Kampong Thom Pro.


Capsicum frutescens

Kampong Thom Kampong Svay Tbeng Prey Prosh 12-47-27/ 104-48-55

4 Farmer's House/ backyard

landrace Mates Kdor Chmar

village traditional line


Capsicum frutescens

Kampong Thom Kampong Svay Tbeng Resey Chers 12-47-19/ 104-48-16

4 Farmer's House/ small field

landrace Mates Sor village traditional line


Capsicum annuum

Kampong Thom Kampong Svay Tbeng Resey Chers 12-47-19/ 104-48-16


landrace Mates village traditional line


Capsicum frutescens

Siem Reap Pasath Bakong Meanchey Tapark 13-19-08/ 103-59-50


landrace Mates Ach Sath village traditional line, naturally germinated


Capsicum annuum

Siem Reap Siem Reap Sala Kamprak

Wat Bo 13-21-07/ 103-51-38

3 Hotel/ backyard landrace Mates Dai Neang

Originated seed were from market in Siem Reap


Capsicum frutescens

Siem Reap Banteay Srey Preah Dak Preah Dak 13-26-32/ 103-55-28


landrace Mates Sre Originated seed were corrected in same field


Capsicum frutescens

Siem Reap Banteay Srey Preah Dak Ototeung 13-26-39/ 103-56-43


landrace Mates Ach Sath


Capsicum frutescens

Siem Reap Banteay Srey Tbeang Tbeang 13-31-42/ 104-01-06

3 Farmer's House/ Small field

landrace Mates Ach Sath village traditional line


Capsicum annuum

Siem Reap Banteay Srey Tbeang Tlok Vea 13-32-23/ 104-01-03

3 Farmer's Field landrace Mates Dai Neang

Originated seed were corrected in same field


Capsicum annuum

Siem Reap Banteay Srey Tbeang Tlok Vea 13-32-25/ 104-01-03

3 Farmer's Field landrace Mates Dai Neang

next field of No.13


Capsicum frutescens

Siem Reap Banteay Srey Tbeang Srash Krav 13-32-32/ 104-00-23

3 Farmer's Field landrace Mates Khmer seeds from Siem Reap


Capsicum frutescens

Oddar Meanchey Anlong Veng Anlong Veng Ochen Chean 14-14-01/ 104-04-53

27 Market (Rong Vong Moul)

landrace Mates Ach Sath cultivated far from market


Capsicum annuum



landrace Mates Krochok Neang

cultivated near by market


Capsicum frutescens



landrace Mates Ach Sath cultivated near by market


Capsicum frutescens

Oddar Meanchey Trapeang Presat Phav Popel 14-13-29/ 104-11-24


landrace Mates Ach Sath naturally germinated


Capsicum frutescens

Oddar Meanchey Trapeang Presat Trapeang Presat Trapeang Presat 14-11-34/ 104-21-45


landrace Mates Ach Sath from near area


Capsicum frutescens

Oddar Meanchey Trapeang Presat Trapeang Presat Prey Saath 14-10-38/ 104-21-15


landrace Mates Ach Sath from near area


Capsicum frutescens

Oddar Meanchey Trapeang Presat Osvay Chheu Teal Chrum

14-13-02/ 104-16-43


landrace Mates Ach Sath naturally germinated


Capsicum frutescens

Oddar Meanchey Samrong Konkrel Chheu Krom 14-17-10/ 103-36-41


landrace Mates Ach Sath transplanted in 3 years ago


Capsicum frutescens

Oddar Meanchey Samrong Samrong Kok Romdoul 14-12-59/ 103-32-26


landrace Mates Ach Sath from near area, cultivating in 1 year


Capsicum annuum

Oddar Meanchey Samrong Samrong Don Ken Sen Chey

14-10-25/ 103-30-55


landrace Mates Khiv 'Khiv' means 'blue'. Traditional line in this area.

Table 3. List of Capsicum samples collected in Cambodia during the 2016 survey

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Collection No.

Passport No.

JP No. JP Name Date Genus & Species

Province /State

District Commune Village North latitude/ East longitude

Altitude (m)


Status Local name Fruit characteristics, origin, etc.


Capsicum frutescens

Oddar Meanchey Samrong Samrong Okan Seng 14-09-54/ 103-31-03


landrace Mates Sor from Along Van


Capsicum frutescens

Preah Vihear Choam Khsant Kantuot Sre Em 14-14-21/ 104-43-55

80 Market (Sra Em) landrace Mates Ach Sath cultivated near by market


Capsicum annuum

Preah Vihear Choam Khsant Kantuot Sre Em 14-14-21/ 104-43-55

80 Market (Sra Em) landrace Mates Dai Neang

cultivated soldier town Cambodia original fruit shape


Capsicum frutescens

Preah Vihear Tbaeng Meanchey

Pro Mai Bos Thom 13-51-21/ 105-02-02


landrace Mates Ach Sath


Capsicum frutescens


Bos Thom Bos Thom 13-51-11/ 105-02-36




Capsicum frutescens


Kampong Pranak Kampong Pranak 13-48-33/ 104-58-39

55 Market (Kampong Pranak)

landrace Mates Ach Sath cultivated near by market


Capsicum annuum





cultivated near by market


Capsicum frutescens




landrace Mates Sor cultivated near by market


Capsicum annuum




landrace Mates Chang Ol Mek

fruits from Proyuth village


Capsicum annuum

Preah Vihear Cheb Sangke Saem 13-46-54/ 105-22-34



naturally germinated


Capsicum frutescens



landrace Mates naturally germinated, cultivating in many years


Capsicum frutescens



landrace Mates Sor transplanted in June


Capsicum frutescens

Preah Vihear Resay Cheb Cheb 13-46-16/ 105-23-38


landrace Mates Sor seeds from the neighborhood, transplanted in June


Capsicum annuum

Preah Vihear Kulen Kulen Tbong Kulen Tbong 13-48-52/ 104-42-03



immature color is purple


Capsicum annuum

Preah Vihear Kulen Kulen Tbong Kulen Tbong 13-48-52/ 104-42-03


landrace Mates Chrok not so hot


Capsicum frutescens

Preah Vihear Kulen Kulen Tbong Odon Snoun 13-45-06/ 104-36-58


landrace Mates Sor cultivating in 3 years


Capsicum frutescens

Preah Vihear Rovieng Rom Dosh Svey Path 13-29-35/ 105-01-15


landrace Mates Sor more than 2 years, farmer's landrace


Capsicum frutescens

Preah Vihear Rovieng Rom Dosh Svey Path 13-29-33/ 105-00-31


landrace Mates Ach Sath transplanted in last June


Capsicum frutescens

Preah Vihear Rovieng Rong Roeung Bos Pey 13-28-29/ 105-06-41


landrace Mates Ach Sath natureally germinated


Capsicum frutescens

Preah Vihear Rovieng Rong Roeung Bos Pey 13-20-32/ 105-06-40



transplanted in last June, seed bought in market


Capsicum frutescens

Kampong Thom Kampong Svay Chey Tropeang Arek 12-50-23/ 104-57-43


landrace Mates Ach Sath cultivating in 1 year


Capsicum frutescens

Kampong Thom Prasath Sambo Sambo Ath Sou 12-50-45/ 105-00-44


landrace Mates Ach Sath 3 years ago, farmer's landrace


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Photo 3. The chili pepper growing at a back yard of farm house in Both Pey village, Preah Vihear province.

Photo 4. The interview to farmers with collected chili peppers.

Photo 5. Seasonings used with chili peppers at a restaurant in Cambodia.

Photo 6. The typical chili pepper (Collection No. 3) called ‘Mates Ach Sath’ in Khmer.

Photo 7. The typical chili pepper (Collection No. 26) called ‘Mates Sor’ in Khmer.

Photo 8. The tree of ‘Mates Sor’ (Collection No. 41) cultivating at farm backyard in Odon Snoun village, Preah Vihear province.

Photo 1. Typical local market in Cambodia. This is a part of Phsar Kampong Thom market in Kampong Thom province.

Photo 2. Typical farm houses and yards in Cambodia. This is a farmer houses in Tbeng village, Siem Reap province.

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Photo 9. The chili pepper (Collection No. 45) called ‘Mates Kdor Chmar’ in Khmer.

Photo 10. The chili pepper (Collection No. 30) called ‘Mates Kdor Chmar’ in Khmer.

Photo 11. The tree of ‘Mates Kdor Chmar’ (Collection No. 30) cultivating at farm backyard in Bos Thom village, Preah Vihear province.

Photo 12. The chili pepper (Collection No. 15) called ‘Mates Khmer’ in Khmer.

Photo 13. The chili pepper (Collection No. 36) called ‘Mates’ (unspecified) in Khmer.

Photo 14. The chili pepper (Collection No. 2) called ‘Mates Dai Neang’ in Khmer.



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Photo 17. The tree of ‘Mates Dai Neang’ (Collection No. 39) cultivating at farm backyard in Kulen Tbong village, Preah Vihear province.

Photo 18. The chili pepper (Collection No. 34) called ‘Mates Chang Ol Mek’ in Khmer.

Photo 19. The chili pepper (Collection No. 40) called ‘Mates Chrok’ in Khmer.

Photo 20. The chili pepper (Collection No. 25) called ‘Mates Khiv’ in Khmer.

Photo 21. The chili pepper (Collection No. 17) called ‘Mates Krochok Neang’ in Khmer.

Photo 22. The chili pepper (Collection No. 7) called ‘Mates’ (unspecified) in Khmer.

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Exploration and Collection of Vegetable Genetic Resources within Brassicaceae

in and around Kachin State of Myanmar

Saki YOSHIDA 1), Hidehiko KIKUNO 1), Mami NAGASHIMA 1), Than Naing OO 2), Ohm Mar SAW 2), Kenji IRIE 1)

1) International Agricultural Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan

2) Seed Bank, Biotechnology, Plant Genetic Resources and Plant Protection Division, Department of Agriculture Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Myanmar

Communicated by S. YAMAMOTO (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received Jun. 6, 2017, Accepted Nov. 29, 2017Corresponding author: S. YOSHIDA (e-mail: [email protected])

Summary

This exploration and collection survey was carried out from August 21 to September 6, 2016, under collaboration between Tokyo University of Agriculture (TUA) and the Department of Agriculture Research (DAR). The surveyed areas are six townships of Kachin State, four townships of Sagain State, and three other townships. Genetic resources were collected from farmlands, farm houses, local markets, and the areas around the administrative offices of the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MOAI). In all, 101 samples were collected, including 80 of Brassica juncea L., seven of B. oleracea L., one of Lactuca sativa L., and 13 of Raphanus sativus L. Collected genetic resources were divided between the Myanmar Seed Bank and TUA for the PGRAsia Project, while half of them were introduced to Japan as per the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA).

KEY WORDS: Myanmar, Kachin state, Vegetable genetic resources, Brassica juncea

IntroductionMyanmar is located in Southeast Asia. The country borders with Bangladesh, India, Thailand, Laos,

and China. The longest river in the Myanmar is the Ayeyarwady River, which flows across the country in a north to south direction. Soil from the Ayeyarwady riverbed collects in the Irrawaddy delta, producing fertile land in the process. Although Myanmar is almost completely covered by tropical habitats, a wide range of climatic conditions exists based on terrain. Annual rainfall ranges from 800 mm to 5,000 mm. There are two weather seasons; the rainy season from May to October, followed by the dry season, from

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October to May. Further, Myanmar is a multiethnic country with a vast cultural diversity. Reports on collection of genetic resources are scarce, while the country has extensive genetic resources of crops and vegetables that vary with climate and culture.

In 2014, the NIAS (National Institute of Agricultural Resources, currently the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization) Genetic Resources Center began a five-year plan, called the “Collaborative Research Project on Characterization and Evaluation of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture” to promote surveying, characterization, and evaluation of plant genetic resources in some Asian countries (PGRAsia). PGRAsia is entrusted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of the Government of Japan. Japan and the NIAS organized a joint research group with the public agricultural research institutes and universities to implement this project. NIAS, the Department of Agriculture Research (DAR) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MOAI) of Myanmar, have recognized that the MAFF project is in line with the objective of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between DAR and NIAS, signed on June 16, 2014. NIAS has concluded a joint research contract with Tokyo University of Agriculture (TUA) for the PGRAsia Project (Wakui et al. 2016).

According to a survey in this country, Brassicaceae, especially Brassica juncea L., are widely cultivated and used in Myanmar (Ishida et al. 2000). A collaborative survey and collection of Brassicaceae genetic resource in and around the southern Shan State of Myanmar in 2015 reported that local varieties of B. juncea were used as a commodity for residents. Regarding earlier studies, B. juncea was found to be cultivated and used across the country. This survey, conducted in 2016, reports the exploration and collection of Brassicaceae vegetable genetic resources, especially B. juncea, in areas around the northern part of Kachin State in Myanmar.

MethodsThe main exploration and collection survey was carried out from August 21 to September 6, 2016

and a sub-survey was conducted from August 13 to 20. Selected areas for the study were six townships in Kachin State, four townships in Sagain State, two townships in Mon State and one township in Kayin State (Fig. 1). Genetic resources were collected from farmlands, farm houses, local markets, and the area around administrative offices of the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MOAI). In markets and fields, information was collected, including name, cultivation time, usage, price, and history. Also, we recorded the morphology, the surrounding environment, and location (latitude, longitude and altitude) on the field.

This survey was conducted under Prior Informed Consent (PIC) between the Seed Bank of MOAI of Myanmar and TUA for the PGRAsia Project. Collected genetic resources were divided equally between the Myanmar Seed Bank and TUA for the PGRAsia Project, and half of them were introduced to Japan under the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA).

ResultsSurveyed areas are six townships of Kachin State, four townships of Sagain State, and three more

townships, all ranging from 16015’25”N to 27024’25”N, and from 97021’04”E to 98029’57”E; and from 34 m to 490 m in altitude (Fig. 1). The total number of samples collected was 101, including 80 of B. juncea, seven of B. oleracea L., one of Lactuca sativa L., and 13 of Raphanus sativus L. (Table 2).

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Fig. 1 Collection sites of Brassicaceae in Myanmar * The brackets indicate the collection number of the collected genetic resources.

Chaung U (93 ~ 95)

Monywa (91, 92)

Thaton (N-5, N-6)

Mudon (N-1, N-2)

Myawaddy (N-3, N-4)

Kawlin (87 ~ 90) Katha (61 ~ 86)

Mohnyin (60)

Hopin (56 ~ 59)

Mingin (53 ~ 55)Myitkyina (*1 ~19, 51, 52)

Putao (20 ~ 24, 26 ~ 50)Machanbaw (25)

© d

-map

s.com

250 km

150 mi

Table 1. Itinerary for collaborative exploration and collection of genetic resources in Kachin State in 2016Days Date Route Stay Activities

1 21-Aug-16 Depart from Narita (NH813 NRT 1100 - RGN 1540) Yangon Transfer2 22-Aug-16 YANGON – YEZIN Yesin Visit to DAR3 23-Aug-16 YEZIN – SHWEBO Shwebo Exploration & Collection4 24-Aug-16 SHWEBO – MYITKYINA Myitkyina Exploration & Collection5 25-Aug-16 MYITKYINA Myitkyina Exploration & Collection6 26-Aug-16 MYITKYINA – PUTAO Putao Exploration & Collection7 27-Aug-16 PUTAO Putao Exploration & Collection8 28-Aug-16 PUTAO – MYITKYINA Myitkyina Exploration & Collection9 29-Aug-16 MYITKYINA – KATHA Katha Exploration & Collection10 30-Aug-16 KATHA Katha Exploration & Collection11 31-Aug-16 KATHA – MONYWA Monywa Exploration & Collection12 1-Sep-16 MONYWA - NYAUNG U Nyaung U Exploration & Collection13 2-Sep-16 NYAUNG U – YEZIN Yesin Exploration & Collection14 3-Sep-16 YEZIN Yesin Seed cleaning & Preparation of SMTA15 4-Sep-16 YEZIN – YANGON Yangon Transfer16 5-Sep-16 NH814 RGN 2210 - On a Plane Transfer17 6-Sep-16 Arrive Narita (- NRT 0645)

DAR: Department of Agriculture ResearchSMTA: The Standard Material Trabsfer Agreement

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Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)B. juncea is used as a vegetable and oil crop in each region of Myanmar. It is cooked as a vegetable

addition to soup (Photograph 1) and curry. This vegetable can be used at different growth stages; thus, the duration of its growth in the field varies from several weeks to several months after sowing. The fresh vegetables are sold at the market (Photographs 2 - 4). Also, B. juncea is processed into pickles and is sold at the market (Photographs 5 and 6).

Most of the collected samples are native varieties. B. juncea is usually cultivated in table gardens for domestic consumption (Photograph 7), but sometimes it is cultivated in commercial farmland (Photographs 8 and 9). B. juncea can grow all year round. In this region, B. juncea is usually sown from September to November, and growth takes 4 months. Therefore, we only saw plants at the seedling stage (Photographs 10 and 11). Seedlings of some varieties are shipped about 20 days to one month after sowing (No. 81), and the variety with shortest growth duration until shipment was seen in the Katha region. We confirmed that one variety is harvested with unripe fruit and used for salads (No. 90).

Most farmers obtain seeds from their own plants. Seed retail shops have usually dealt with the native variety of B. juncea (Photograph 12), while commercial varieties have been introduced from China recently. The seeds are stored into bottles or other containers (Photograph 13). People of the Lisu tribe, who live in Putao, the northernmost town in Myanmar, put seeds into gourd bottles and keep them above their hearths for fumigating (Photograph 14).

The 15 varieties of seeds used for oil were collected. Those seeds were ground using a water wheel (Photographs 15 and 16). The plant residues were used as domestic animal feed (Photographs 17 and 18). Some varieties are used not only for oil, but also for vegetables (Nos. 25, 27, 31, 32, 34, and 77).

We observed cultivation of B. juncea in each region of Myanmar, except for the Bagan area. In the Bagan area, a sandbank appears in the Ayeyarwady river when the water level goes down in the dry season. The commercial varieties introduced from China are cultivated only on these sandbanks, because of the high fertility of the soil in these spots.

Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea L.)Chinese kale is used as a vegetable and it is important as a cash crop. Most of B. oleracea samples

were collected around Katha township, and Chinese kale was sold in almost every market.

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)R. sativus is a root vegetable. It is sold in the market as a fresh vegetable. R. sativus samples with

long root type for vegetable use were collected. In the Putao township, R. sativus is cultivated at the bottom of the riverbed that appears towards the end of the rainy season.

Table 2. A summary of collections by township

Kayin StateHopin Mohnyin Myitkyin

aPutao Machanbaw Mingin Kawlin Katha Monywa Chaung U Mudon Thaton Myawaddy

Brassica juncea 4 1 15 23 1 3 3 20 1 3 2 2 2 80Brassica oleracea 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 7Raphanus sativus 0 0 4 7 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 13Lactuca sativa 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1Total 4 1 21 30 1 3 4 26 2 3 2 2 2 101

Plants

Collection SitesTotalKachin State Sagaing State Mon State

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DiscussionB. juncea originated in Central Asia and has long been widely used as a vegetables, spice, and oil

crop around the world. The secondary places of origin of B. juncea, for oil and vegetable use, seem to be India and China, respectively (Rakow 2014); we considered that Myanmar, located between China and India, must be the area responsible for the genetic diversity of B. juncea. This survey recognized that B. juncea has been used as a common vegetable in and around Kachin State in Myanmar, just as in the area surveyed last year. We observed wide variation in morphological traits.

The cropping season was different among the various areas in Myanmar. B juncea can be cultivated all year round; thus, while the survey in Shan State allowed observation of various growth stages of B. juncea, in the present survey, only the seedling stage and short-term culture of B. juncea could be seen. From this, we confirmed that cropping season is different between the Shan State and the Kachin State.

In the southern Shan State, other vegetable crops within Brassicaceae, such as cabbage, cauliflower and Chinese kale are quite important vegetables as cash crop, such that they are cultivated and sold at many markets. However, in the surveyed area, vegetables such as cabbage or cauliflower were not registered, while Chinese kale had been cultivated in both Kachin State and Sagain State. Chinese kale is recognized as an important high-cash crop.

The use of B. juncea for oil was also recorded in this survey. The oil from the Brassica family accounts for more than 8%, and 11 million ha are cultivated with it. Among members of the Brassica family, B. juncea is recognized to show remarkable heat tolerance and drought resistance (Woods et al. 1991). The taste of mustard seed oil is especially acrid. The source of the acrid taste is allyl-isothiocyanate, which shows antibacterial properties, as well as repellent effects against insects. The mustard seed oil contains a high proportion of linoleic, linolenic, and erucic acids. Low erucic-acid oil is preferred for vegetable consumption (Wendlinger el al. 2014), while high erucic-acid oil is preferred for industrial purposes (Sharafi et al. 2015). Breeding for a double purpose variety (edible or industrial), both, extreme varieties with high and low erucic-acid oil are required. We believe that such cultivars exist among varieties of B. juncea in Myanmar.

Two surveys in Myanmar revealed a broad diversity of B. juncea, and some varieties are cultivated with seasonal limitations. Surveyed areas in Myanmar are still limited and do not cover the entire country. For this reason, further exploration into other areas of the country is essential for determining the overall diversity of B. juncea in Myanmar.

AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the grant (PGRAsia Project) granted by the Ministry of Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries of the Government of Japan.

ReferencesIshida M, Tetsuka T, Irie K, Oo TM, Zaw T, Soe K (2000) Preliminary survey for exploration and collection

of small grain germplasm and industrial crop in Myanmar. AREIPGR 16: 153-163 (in Japanese with English summary).

Rakow G (2004) I.1 Species Origin and Economic Importance of Brassica. In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol. 54: Brassica. Pua EC, Douglas CJ (eds). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 3-7.

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Sharafi Y, Majidi MM, Goli SAH, Rashidi F (2015) Oil content and fatty acids composition in Brassica species. Int J Food Prop 18: 2145-2154.

Wakui K, Irie K, Saw OM, Oo TN (2016) Collaborative survey and collection of Brassica vegetable genetic resources in and around the southern Shan State of Myanmar. APEIPGR 32: 243-261.

Wendlinger C, Hammann S, Vetter W (2014) Various concentrations of erucic acid in mustard oil and mustard. Food Chem 153: 393-397.

Woods DL, Capcara JJ, Downey RK (1991) The potential of mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss) as an edible oil crop on the Canadian Prairies. Can J Plant Sci 71: 195-198.

ミャンマー北部カチン州及びその周辺地域におけるアブラナ科遺伝資源の探索収集

吉田沙樹 1)・菊野日出彦 1)・長嶋麻美 1)・Than Naing OO 2)・Ohm Mar SAW 2)・入江憲治 1)

1) 東京農業大学国際食料情報学部国際農業開発学科2) ミャンマー農業灌漑省・農業研究局・バイオテクノロジー，植物遺伝資源，植物保護部・

シードバンク

和文摘要　ミャンマー連邦共和国のカチン州，ザガイン州およびモン州の一部において，アブラナ科遺伝資源の探索収集を行った．調査は 2016 年の 8 月 21 日～ 9 月 6 日に実施した．ミャンマーにおける遺伝資源探索収集には，農業灌漑省農業研究局シードバンクを共同研究相手とし，「事前の情報に基づく同意 (PIC: Prior Informed Consent)」を得て現地調査を実施した．収集した遺伝資源は二分し，一方はミャンマー・シードバンクに保存し，他方は「標準材料移転契約 (SMTA: Standard Material Transfer Agreement)」を農業研究局と交わして日本に導入した．本調査によりカラシナ 80 点，カイラン 7 点，レタス 1 点，ダイコン 13 点の計 101 点のアブラナ科遺伝資源を収集した．ミャンマーの各地において，日常的な野菜としてカラシナが食されていることが確認された．また，特にカチン州においては重要な油糧作物としても認められており，利用されていた．ミャンマー国内においてはカラシナの栽培時期や用途の違いによる品種の多様性が見られたことから，今後も継続して他地域における探索を行う必要があると考えられる．

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Table 3. A list of plant materials collected in 2016Coll. No. JP No. Species Local name Date of

collectionCollection sites Township Name of village/market Latitude Longitude Altitude

(m)Cllection source Usage

001 258557 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chaula Mon Hnyin 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina - N25 23'08" E097 24'07" 132 commercial market leaf vegetable002 258558 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina - N25 23'08" E097 24'07" 132 commercial market oil003 258559 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Sein Mon Hnyin 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Kyet Paung Chan N25 22'08" E097 21'27" 97 farmland leaf vegetable004 258560 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin phyu 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Kyet Paung Chan N25 22'08" E097 21'27" 97 farmland leaf vegetable005 258561 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin phyu 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Kyet Paung Chan N25 22'08" E097 21'27" 97 farmland leaf vegetable006 258562 Raphanus sativus L. White correct 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Kyet Paung Chan N25 22'08" E097 21'27" 97 farmland vegetable007 258563 Raphanus sativus L. White correct 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Kyet Paung Chan N25 22'08" E097 21'27" 97 farmland vegetable008 258564 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Sein Mon Hnyin 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Kyet Paung Chan N25 22'08" E097 21'27" 97 farmland leaf vegetable009 258565 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin "Tho rie" 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Kyet Paung Chan N25 22'08" E097 21'27" 97 farmland leaf vegetable010 258566 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chaula Mon Hnyin 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Shwe set N25 27'58" E097 25'36" 172 farmland leaf vegetable011 258567 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chaula Si Mon Hnyin 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina - N25 27'57" E097 25'36" 173 institute -012 258568 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chaula Mon Hnyin 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Myitkyina market N25 23'02" E097 24'06" 110 commercial market leaf vegetable013 258569 Raphanus sativus L. Mon len u 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Myitkyina market N25 23'02" E097 24'06" 110 commercial market vegetable014 258570 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Myitkyina market N25 23'02" E097 24'06" 110 commercial market oil015 258571 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. - 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Myitkyina market N25 23'02" E097 24'06" 110 commercial market leaf vegetable016 258572 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. - 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Myitkyina market N25 23'02" E097 24'06" 110 commercial market leaf vegetable017 258573 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Kyo Kyat Mon Hnyin 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Myitkyina market N25 23'02" E097 24'06" 110 commercial market leaf vegetable018 258574 Brassica oleracea L. Alboglabra Group Kai lan 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Myitkyina market N25 23'02" E097 24'06" 110 commercial market vegetable019 258575 Lactuca sativa L. - 25-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina Myitkyina market N25 23'02" E097 24'06" 110 commercial market vegetable020 258576 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin phyu 26-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Pan Hlaing N27 21'40" E097 24'02" 402 farmland leaf vegetable021 258577 Raphanus sativus L. Noha 26-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Pan Hlaing N27 21'40" E097 24'02" 402 farmland leaf vegetable022 258578 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin （mix) 26-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao - N27 21'26" E097 23'51" - farmland oil023 258579 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. - 26-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Putao N27 20'43" E097 24'06" 418 farmland oil024 258580 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 26-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Putao N27 20'43" E097 24'06" 418 farmland oil025 258581 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 26-Aug-16 Kachin State Machanbaw Machan baw N27 17'01" E097 35'12" 384 farmland oil / leaf vegetable026 258582 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 26-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Nagngkhaing N27 16'14" E097 34'58" 490 farmland leaf vegetable027 258583 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 26-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Nagngkhaing N27 16'14" E097 34'58" 490 farmland oil / leaf vegetable028 258584 Raphanus sativus L. Mon len u 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Putao market N27 20'31" E097 24'03" 403 commercial market -029 258585 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chaula Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Hta wa dann N27 22'41" E097 31'54" 432 farmland leaf vegetable030 258586 Raphanus sativus L. Mon len u 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Hta wa dann N27 22'41" E097 31'54" 432 farmland vegetable031 258587 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao cow mo don N27 23'04" E097 31'56" 367 farmland oil / leaf vegetable032 258588 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao cow mo don N27 23'04" E097 31'56" 367 farmland oil / leaf vegetable033 258589 Raphanus sativus L. Mon len u 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao cow mo don N27 23'04" E097 31'56" 367 farmland leaf vegetable034 258590 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Zae Ri Ta N27 22'37" E097 31'32" 439 farmland oil / leaf vegetable035 258591 Raphanus sativus L. Mon len u 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Zae Ri Ta N27 22'37" E097 31'32" 439 farmland vegetable036 258592 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Zae Ri Ta N27 21'09" E097 29'06" 428 farmland leaf vegetable037 258593 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chaula Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Zae Ri Ta N27 21'09" E097 29'06" 428 farmland leaf vegetable038 258594 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Land Non N27 14'23" E097 28'27" 475 farmland leaf vegetable039 258595 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Land Non N27 14'23" E097 28'27" 475 farmland leaf vegetable040 258596 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Phat marti N27 12'37" E097 30'32" 395 farmland leaf vegetable041 258597 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Putao N27 20'47" E097 24'05" 424 institute oil

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Table 3. (Continued).Coll. No. JP No. Species Local name Date of



042 258598 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Putao N27 20'47" E097 24'05" 424 institute oil043 258599 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Putao N27 20'47" E097 24'05" 424 institute oil044 258600 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Man sae N27 24'25" E097 21'04" 366 farmland oil045 258601 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chaula Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Man sae N27 24'25" E097 21'04" 366 farmland leaf vegetable046 258602 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chaula Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Man sae N27 24'25" E097 21'04" 366 farmland leaf vegetable047 258603 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chaula Mon Hnyin 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Man sae N27 24'25" E097 21'04" 366 farmland leaf vegetable048 258604 Raphanus sativus L. Mon len u 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Man sae N27 24'25" E097 21'04" 366 farmland vegetable049 258605 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin phyu 27-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Man sae N27 24'25" E097 21'04" 366 farmland leaf vegetable050 258606 Raphanus sativus L. Mon len u 28-Aug-16 Kachin State Putao Kyo khu N27 21'24" E097 23'55" 399 commercial market vegetable051 258607 Raphanus sativus L. Mon len u 28-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina A lel kone N25 21'06" E097 24'19" 140 farmland vegetable052 258608 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 28-Aug-16 Kachin State Myitkyina A lel kone N25 21'06" E097 24'19" 140 farmland leaf vegetable053 258609 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 29-Aug-16 Kachin State Mingin Za conne N25 18'12" E096 56'17" 98 commercial market leaf vegetable054 258610 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 29-Aug-16 Kachin State Mingin Za conne N25 18'12" E096 56'17" 98 commercial market leaf vegetable055 258611 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 29-Aug-16 Kachin State Mingin Ka Kyin Myin N25 13'57" E096 46'03" 158 farmland leaf vegetable056 258612 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 29-Aug-16 Kachin State Mohnyin Hopin market N24 59'14" E096 31'33" 244 commercial market leaf vegetable057 258613 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 29-Aug-16 Kachin State Mohnyin Hopin market N24 59'14" E096 31'33" 244 commercial market leaf vegetable058 258614 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 29-Aug-16 Kachin State Mohnyin Hopin market N24 59'14" E096 31'33" 244 commercial market leaf vegetable059 258615 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin"Go Gar" 29-Aug-16 Kachin State Mohnyin Hopin market N24 59'14" E096 31'33" 244 commercial market leaf vegetable060 258616 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 29-Aug-16 Kachin State Mohnyin Hopin market N24 59'14" E096 31'33" 230 commercial market leaf vegetable061 258617 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 29-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Land Gwa N24 13'55" E096 17'55" 300 farmland leaf vegetable062 258618 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Katha market N24 10'28" E096 29'29" 39 commercial market leaf vegetable063 258619 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Katha market N24 10'28" E096 29'29" 39 commercial market leaf vegetable064 258620 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Katha market N24 10'28" E096 29'29" 39 commercial market leaf vegetable065 258621 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Katha market N24 10'28" E096 29'29" 39 commercial market leaf vegetable066 258622 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Si Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Katha market N24 10'28" E096 29'29" 39 commercial market leaf vegetable067 258623 Raphanus sativus L. Mon len u 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Katha market N24 10'28" E096 29'29" 39 commercial market vegetable068 258624 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Ka Pa Late N24 12'16" E096 21'47" 98 farmland leaf vegetable069 258625 Brassica oleracea L. Alboglabra Group Kai lan 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Ka Pa Late N24 12'16" E096 21'47" 98 farmland vegetable070 258626 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Ka Pa Late N24 12'16" E096 21'47" 98 farmland leaf vegetable071 258627 Brassica oleracea L. Alboglabra Group Kyawn Kai Lan 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Ka Pa Late N24 12'16" E096 21'47" 98 farmland vegetable072 258628 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Kyawt siat 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Thor sii N24 13'00" E096 22'33" 87 farmland leaf vegetable073 258629 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Thor sii N24 13'00" E096 22'33" 87 farmland leaf vegetable074 258630 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Nant Laing N24 13'26" E096 21'03" 93 farmland leaf vegetable075 258631 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Nant Laing N24 13'26" E096 21'03" 93 farmland leaf vegetable076 258632 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Migalar Thu Ka N24 14'44" E096 22'53" 115 farmland leaf vegetable077 258633 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Migalar Thu Ka N24 14'44" E096 22'53" 115 farmland oil / leaf vegetable078 258634 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Phy Thar Yar N24 10'40" E096 19'27" 123 farmland leaf vegetable079 258635 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Phy Thar Yar N24 10'40" E096 19'27" 124 farmland leaf vegetable080 258636 Brassica oleracea L. Alboglabra Group Kai lan 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Phy Thar Yar N24 10'40" E096 19'27" 124 farmland vegetable081 258637 Brassica oleracea L. Alboglabra Group Kai lan 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Thein Inn N24 10'35" E096 19'30" 118 farmland vegetable082 258638 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Thein Inn N24 10'35" E096 19'30" 118 farmland leaf vegetable

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Table 3. (Continued).Coll. No. JP No. Species Local name Date of



083 258639 Brassica oleracea L. Alboglabra Group Mustard Kai lan 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Thein Inn N24 10'35" E096 19'30" 118 farmland vegetable084 258640 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Bon Gon N24 09'18" E096 19'58" 109 farmland leaf vegetable085 258641 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Bon Gon N24 09'11" E096 19'51" 68 farmland leaf vegetable086 258642 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 30-Aug-16 Sagaing State Katha Aung Chan Thar N24 08'38" E096 19'51" 88 farmland leaf vegetable087 258643 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 31-Aug-16 Sagaing State Kawlin Doe Pin N23 53'31" E095 55'52" 202 farmland leaf vegetable088 258644 Raphanus sativus L. - 31-Aug-16 Sagaing State Kawlin Kan thar market N24 47'01" E095 53'28" 193 commercial market vegetable089 258645 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 31-Aug-16 Sagaing State Kawlin Kan thar market N24 47'01" E095 53'28" 193 commercial market leaf vegetable090 258646 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 31-Aug-16 Sagaing State Kawlin Pail cone N23 45'31" E095 52'12" 180 farmland fruit091 258647 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 31-Aug-16 Sagaing State Monywa Za Lo Ka - - - farmland leaf vegetable092 258648 Brassica oleracea L. Alboglabra Group - 31-Aug-16 Sagaing State Monywa Kyonr Paint N22 02'30" E095 11'01" 110 farmland vegetable093 258649 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chaula Mon Hnyin 31-Aug-16 Sagaing State Chaung U Khim tea - - - institute leaf vegetable094 258650 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 31-Aug-16 Sagaing State Chaung U Khim tea - - - institute leaf vegetable095 258651 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 31-Aug-16 Sagaing State Chaung U Khim tea - - - institute leaf vegetableN-1 258652 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 13-Aug-16 Mon State Mudon Seed shop N16 15'25" E097 43'25" 34 commercial market leaf vegetableN-2 258653 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 13-Aug-16 Mon State Mudon Seed shop N16 15'25" E097 43'25" 34 commercial market leaf vegetableN-3 258654 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 19-Aug-16 Kayin State Myawaddy Market N16 41'12" E098 29'57" 227 commercial market leaf vegetableN-4 258655 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 19-Aug-16 Kayin State Myawaddy Market N16 15'25" E097 43'25" 227 commercial market leaf vegetableN-5 258656 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 20-Aug-16 Mon State Thaton Seed shop N16 54'55" E097 22'00" 221 commercial market leaf vegetableN-6 258657 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mon Hnyin 20-Aug-16 Mon State Thaton Seed shop N16 54'55" E097 22'00" 221 commercial market leaf vegetable

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Photograph 1. Soup of the B. juncea

Photograph 2. Fresh vegetables of B. juncea

Photograph 3. Fresh vegetables of B. juncea Photograph 4. Fresh vegetables of B. juncea

Photograph 5. Pickle of B. juncea Photograph 6. Pickle shop

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Photograph 7. Mustard cultivated under the leaves

Photograph 8. Mustard production

Photograph 9. Shipping preparation of B. juncea

Photograph 10. Seedling stage of B. juncea

Photograph 11. Nursery box of B. juncea

Photograph 12. Seeds of various crop of seed shop

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Photograph 13. Saved seeds

Photograph 14. Seed preservation method of Lisu

Photograph 15. Processing plant of mustard oil

Photograph 16. Ripped fresh oil

Photograph 17. Oil millet Photograph 18. Oil millet (feedstuff)

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A Field Study to Explore Plant Genetic Resourcesin the Sagaing Region of Myanmar in 2015

Min San Thein 1), Makoto KAWASE 2), 3), Eiji DOMON 3),Kazuo WATANABE 2)

1) Biotechnology, Plant Genetic Resources and Plant Protection Division, Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation*, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Republic of the Union of Myanmar

2) Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan

3) Genetic Resources Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences**, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan

*The present affiliation is Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation**The present affiliation is National Agriculture and Food Research Organization

Communicated by N. TOMOOKA (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received Apr. 14, 2017, Accepted Nov. 13, 2017Corresponding author: M. KAWASE (e-mail: [email protected])

Summary

This is a report of a Myanmar-Japan cooperative field study exploring plant genetic resources in the northern Sagaing Region of Myanmar in November 2015. The study was conducted as part of the Grant-in-Aid Program (KAKEN) for Overseas Academic Survey of Basic Research Type A titled “Utilization and Conservation of Endangered Plant Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge and Evaluation of Influence from Local Development Activities and International Economy in Remote Area of Minorities Dwelling” (Program code No. 25257416, Program Leader: Prof. Dr. Kazuo Watanabe, Tsukuba University). The field study was based on previous works (Domon et al. 2015a, 2015b) conducted in Hkamti and Lahe townships, which indicated that the people in the scattered villages in the hilly and mountainous areas maintained a diversity of traditional crops and varieties, mainly in slash-and-burn cultivation fields and backyard gardens. The objectives of the field study were to confirm the crop diversity in the areas and explore more plant genetic resources, as well as to gather relevant information including the surrounding areas. The main target areas were Lahe township and neighboring Layshee township, which are two of the three townships in the Naga Self-Administered Zone. We interviewed village people and collected plant genetic resources together with location data and information about plant species vernacular names, agricultural practices and food preparation or other uses. Slash-and-burn cultivation

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was commonly practiced on mountain slopes where rice, other cereals, food legume, roots and tuber crops, various vegetables and miscellaneous herbs and spices are planted in mixed cropping. On the other hand, terraced-rice farming is commonly practiced using mountain stream water for irrigation in Layshee township, while slash-and-burn cultivation was of the secondary importance there. We collected 82 samples of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, which included rice (46 samples), wild azuki bean (4), chili pepper (3), perilla (3), rice bean (3), tree spinach (3), foxtail millet (2), Job’s tears (2), cowpea (2), soybean (2), Chinese peppers (2), amaranth (1), brown mustard (1), cucumber (1), black seed squash (1), lablab bean (1), basil (1), Italian parsley (1), common bean (1), sesame (1), and sorghum (1). The collected plant materials were divided into two subsets - one to be conserved at the Seed Bank of Myanmar while the other will be maintained at NIAS Genetic Resources Center (NIAS GRC, now NARO GRC) in Japan, after transfer there in accordance with national and international legislation and operative procedures.

KEY WORDS: Sagain Region, Myanmar, Agro-biodiversity, Naga people, Vernacular names

Introduction This is the report of a Myanmar-Japan joint field study planned on the basis of the earlier works

in Hkamti and Lahe townships (Domon et al. 2015a, 2015b), which indicated that the people in scattered villages in the hilly and mountainous areas maintained a diversity of traditional crops and varieties, mainly in slash-and-burn cultivation fields and backyard gardens (home gardens). Those works reported abundant species mixed-cropped on steep slash-and-burn cultivation fields. Each crop was often called different vernacular names even in adjacent villages, whereby a linguistic diversity might be also suggested. Some villages near Lahe could not be accessed due to traffic conditions. The present field study was aimed at confirming the crop diversity in the target areas and at exploring more plant genetic resources as well as gathering relevant information, since the crop species and villages surveyed in the previous works were limited. The main target areas were Lahe township and neighboring Layshee township, which are two of the three townships in the Naga Self-Administered Zone (Naga SAZ).

The joint field study team interviewed village people and collected plant genetic resources together with location data and information about vernacular names, agricultural practices and food preparation or other uses, and collected plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.

The field study was conducted under the “Memorandum of Understanding for Collaborative Research Project on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture” between the Department of Agricultural Research (DAR), Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MOAI), Myanmar and the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Japan, which was signed by both parties in 2014. The research was conducted as part of a Grant-in-Aid Program (KAKEN) for Overseas Academic Survey of Basic Research Type A titled “Utilization and Conservation of Endangered Plant Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge and Evaluation of Influence from Local Development Activities and International Economy in Remote Area of Minorities Dwelling” (Program code No. 25257416, Program Leader: Prof. Dr. Kazuo Watanabe, Tsukuba University) granted by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan.

　　

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Methods A Myanmar-Japan cooperative field study in the northern Sagaing Region was planned based on discussions by Kawase (MK), Min San Thein (MST) and Watanabe (KW), and Domon (ED), who acted as a liaison and coordinated preparatory negotiations and arrangements between NIAS Genetic Resources Center (NIAS GRC, now NARO GRC) and DAR. The field-study team consisted in a Myanmar research officer (MST) appointed by DAR and two Japanese researchers (MK and KW). The team flew to Hkamti (also written as Khamti or Kanti) on November 10, 2015; there, it explored Hkamti town and the vicinity, went eastward along the border between Hkamti township and Lahe township using a hired 4x4 vehicle. The team stayed at Payu (Pay U, Pa Yu, Payo or else) village and went back halfway and turned northward to Lahe town and its vicinity in Lahe township (Table 1, Fig. 1). The exploration areas in Hkamti and Lahe townships had been planned wider, but were similar to or even narrower than in 2014, due to poor road conditions. Therefore, we finished exploring Lahe township, came down from Lahe town to Hkamti town on November 13, went on the Chindwin river down to Htamanthi (Tamanthi or Tamanthe) by boat, and then moved to Layshee (Layshi or Leshi) town on November 14. We visited several mountainous villages in Layshee township including Somra (Sum Ma Rar) using another 4x4 vehicle. During the field study, rainfalls were scarcely experienced, as the rainy season was over. During the journey, the team asked local people along the exploration route about crops produced and consumed at each site, such as rice, millets, pulses, and vegetables. The procedures were in accordance with the International Society of Ethnobiology (ISE) Code of Ethics (http://www.ethnobiology.net/what-we-do/core-programs/ise-ethics-program/code-of-ethics/). The photographs of 73 crops were shown to local people to collect vernacular names through an interview at each site. The team visited several slash-and-burn cultivation fields for collecting crops grown in the fields or

Table 1. Itinerary of the field study in the Sagaing Region in November 2015No. Date Day Route, places & activity transporter Stay1 2015/11/8 SUN Japanese members arrive at Yangon flight Yangon2 2015/11/9 MON Yangon - Mandalay flight Mandalay

Myanmar and Japanese members join3 2015/11/10 TUE Mandalay - Hkamti boat Hkamti4 2015/11/11 WED Hkamti - Payu vehicle Payu5 2015/11/12 THU Payu - Lahe vehicle Lahe6 2015/11/13 FRI Lahe - Hkamti vehicle Hkamti7 2015/11/14 SAT Hkamti - HtamanthiI - Layshee boat/vehicle Layshee8 2015/11/15 SUN around Layshee vehicle Layshee9 2015/11/16 MON Layshee - Somra vehicle Somra

10 2015/11/17 TUE Somra - Nga Chan - Layshee vehicle Layshee11 2015/11/18 WED around Layshee vehicle Layshee12 2015/11/19 THU Layshee - Htamanthi - Hommalin vehicle/boat Hommalin13 2015/11/20 FRI around Hommalin car Hommalin14 2015/11/21 SAT Hommalin - Mandalay - Yezin flight/car Yezin15 2015/11/22 SUN investigate & pack collection car Yezin16 2015/11/23 MON investigate & pack collection car Yezin

courtesy visit to DAR DG, DOA DG car17 2015/11/24 TUE Yezin – Yangon, plant quarantine car Yangon18 2015/11/25 WED plant quarantine, visit JICA Office car Yangon19 2015/11/26 THU report making, leave Yangon - car/flight20 2015/11/27 TUE arrive at Japan

Note: DAR: Department of Agricultural Research DOA: Department of Agriculture

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just after harvest and interviewed farmers about their cultivation practices and utilization of their produce. Cereals, legumes, vegetables, as well as herbs and spices were our main concern. Collected materials were transferred to Seed Bank, Biotechnology, Plant Genetic Resources and Plant Protection Division (BPGRPPD), DAR, MOAI, at Yezin, Myanmar. Each sample was tentatively designated, cleaned and divided into two subsets - one for conservation at the Myanmar Seed Bank and another for NIAS GRC under the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA) of International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and relevant plant quarantine processes in both countries.

Results and DiscussionsThe observation at Payu village and around Lahe town

Located about 1,200 m above sea level, Payu village is rather isolated from Hkamti town and from Lahe town, due to poor road conditions. Christian Naga (Khiamniu Ngan Naga) people are predominant in the village. Public school teachers and Buddhist monks were dispatched from other places of Myanmar.

Slash-and-burn cultivation is widely practiced on large plots by farmers of Payu and adjacent villages. Their slash-and-burn cultivation fields were often, from 30 minutes to one-hour or more walking distance from their villages. One or more work huts are always built on each plot. The fields are cooperatively managed by Payu farmers. For example, we visited a plot (WP008) cultivated by some families living about 30-minute on foot from the village and we observed that the family that included children after school was transporting harvested goods in the afternoon (Photograph 1). In addition to rice (Oryza sativa L.) which was their staple food, other cereals were planted on the samr plot, such as maize (Zea mays L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.), Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench); food legumes, like rice bean (Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi et Ohashi), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), and lablab bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet); vegetables, such as brown mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir.), and tree-spinach (Chenopodium sp.); root and tuber crops such as taros (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott), cassava (Manihot esculenta Crants), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), and yams (Dioscorea spp.); fruit trees such as papaya (Carica papaya L.) and banana (Musa spp.), and herbs and spices, such as chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. frutescens), basils (Ocimum basilicum L.) and Elsholtzia blanda (Bentham) Bentham (Photograph 2). The taxonomic treatment of tree spinach has been confusing. It might be Chenopodium bengalense (Lam.) Spielm. ex Steud, or C. giganteum D. Don, or C. formosanum Koidz; thus, a more detailed study is required to ascertain the identity of this accession. Local people informed us that the seed was used for brewing, while the leaves were used as vegetables. U Kwe aged 80, the hereditary chieftain (called sawbwa) of Payu village and his daughter, taught us about crop names and cultivation practices. He remembered that Imperial Japanese Army soldiers visited the village during World War II being driven back probably from the Imphal Campaign. In those days, Naga people dwelled both, in Myanmar and India, claiming autonomous territory; some had educational experiences in India. They told us that there were about 100 families which comprised a population of over 500, who were growing crops by slash-and-burn farming and several vegetables and fruit trees in home gardens. Other villagers told us that they used a plot of a slash-and-burn field only once about every 17

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years. One-year cultivation followed by a long fallow in the slash-and-burn farmed areas is supported by the observation by two of the three team members (MST and MK) who had visited the same site near Pa Sang (Pa Saung or Pa Chaung) in 2014. The field where several crops had been mixed-cropped in 2014 became an abandoned slope field covered with wild grasses and shrubs in 2015 (Photograph 3). We visited only a few neighboring villages around Lahe town at an altitude near 1,000 m above sea level. We recorded crop names at Mon Htwe village, near Lahe town, but we could not survey remoter villages due to road closure by fallen trees and other poor road conditions; therefore, we concluded the survey in Lahe township one day earlier and decided to move to Layshee. The observation in Layshee township We visited Layshee town located at around 1,300 m above sea level (Photograph 4). Layshee is the capital of Layshee township. According to the Township Office of Department of Agriculture (DOA), MOAI, there are more than 17,000 people of the tribes Thankul Naga, Makuri Naga, Para Naga and others, who were mostly engaged in agriculture in the township. Thankul Naga and Makuri Naga people are mostly Christian, although some Para Naga people are Buddhists. We observed that slash-and-burn cultivation of various crops is commonly practiced in the Layshee township, similar to the mountainous areas we visited in Hkamti and Lahe townships. As was seen in a field (Photograph 5), rice was the major crop in the slash-and-burn fields, on which tree spinach, maize, sorghum, Job’s tears, soybean, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sword bean (Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), pumpkin, ash gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn), eggplant, cockscomb (Celosia argentea L.), cassava, yams, roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), edible canna (Canna edulis Ker Gawl., synonym C. indica L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), perilla, ginger, chili pepper, and other useful plants were grown together. Fruit trees, such as avocado (Persea americana Mill.), peach (Prunus persica L.), mango (Mangifera indica L.), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.), banana (Musa spp., three types), and sweet orange (Citrus x sinensis (L.) Osbeck) were also grown near the fields.

U Sea Pe, a school teacher at Kuki village told us that farmers usually cut down trees and shrubs in the beginning of February, burn the dried trees and shrubs in end of March and sow crop seeds in mid-April. The same plot was used every eight years, which was shorter than in the case of Payu fields, but long enough for vegetation to recover. Depending on the geographical conditions, farmers cultivate crops on terraces or on slash-and-burn fields. Compared with Lahe township, which was characterized by steep slopes used for shifting slash-and-burn farming, Layshee township had more gentle slopes suited for rice terraces and water sources from the mountains. We found some stretches of grassland without wood on the hills near Somra town in the Layshee township. The topsoil on such rocky hills might be too thin to cultivate or harbor woods needed for slash-and-burn farming.

On the other hand, we were surprised by U San War, Township Manager of DOA, who informed us that, in all, there were 51 acres of terrace-rice farming and lowland fields in the township, since almost no irrigated paddy fields were found around Payu and Lahe. On the way from Layshee town toward Somra town, we saw many rice terraces where rice plants had been already harvested (Photograph 6). The rice terraces were called “hlay ga htit” and were irrigated with water from mountain streams. For example, U Thein Win, U Soe Maung, U De Be and others at Pan Sat village (WP040) told us that there were about

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300 households with over 1,600 people of Tannkhul Naga, mostly Christians. They told us that rice was sown in mid-February in nurseries and then seedlings were transplanted onto the terraces at the end of May. They did not do slash-and-burn farming with mixed cropping in the mountains, but grew vegetables in the fields near their houses instead. They said that they grew more than ten cultivars of non-glutinous rice and four of glutinous rice.

Somra town is near the border with Nagaland State, India, at an altitude of over 1,900 m above sea level (Photograph 7). Local people on both sides of the border often trade across the border, which is confirmed by the presence of several Indian Mahindra 4x4 vehicles having Assam, Manipur and Nagaland license plates. Some villages near Somra grow rice on many terraces and vegetables and other crops in fields near their houses.

Some other observation We visited local markets at Hkamti town and Hommalin town, where a wide variety of vegetables were traded. Fresh vegetables were available, particularly early in the morning. No such market places were seen in Lahe, Layshee or Somra towns, where there were small shops. In addition to popular vegetables like cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), the local community actively used chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.), mustards (Brassica spp.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus L.H. Biley), pumpkins (Cucurbita spp.), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.), and so on, besides small cucurbitaceous fruits frequently seen. For example, wild edged cucumber (Gymnopetalum chinense (Loureiro) Merrill) (Photograph 8, left), balsam apple (Momordica balsamina L.) (Photograph 8, right), and ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt) (Photograph 9) might be taken as new genetic resources. Black seed squash (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché) was seen in Shwe Pyi Aye village (WP039, Photograph 10) and in Lay Yun village (WP042).

On the contrary, common practices of slash-and-burn farming and mixed cropping in the surveyed areas showed certain similarity, but also differences with respect to fields surveyed in Kachin State, where many root and tuber crops are frequently cultivated in mixed cropping in the fields and traded in local markets (Watanabe et al. 2006). The similarity was that many starchy root and tuber crops, such as sweet potato, potato, taros, and cassava occur in both cultivation schemes. However, we saw yams and cultivated Zingiberaceae species, but not so abundantly, compared to Kachin State. Especially Naga people did not use turmeric, ginger, or galangal so much; consequently, they did not maintain a wide genetic variation of those crops. Some species that we had seen often in the slash-and-burn cultivation fields and local markets in Kachin State, such as Rhynchanthus spp. called “chou zin” were not found in the present field study in the Sagaing Region.

There were several populations of wild azuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi et Ohashi var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi et H. Ohashi) or related wild Vigna species often on the roadsides in Lahe (Photograph 11) and Layshee townships. Wild perennial buckwheat, Fagopyrum cymosum (Trevir.) Meissn., was widely distributed in both townships. Those miscellaneous vegetables and crop wild relatives were not the primary targets of the present study, but should be explored by specialists.

Vernacular names of crops in Layshee townships and vicinity Printed photographs of 73 crops collected during the previous field surveys were shown to local

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people at eight villages in Layshee township, two at Lahe township and one at Hommalin town, in order to make sure which crop was grown, and to collect vernacular names at the site (Table 2). Since we were not linguists nor trained in phonetics, and since we could only spend a short time interviewing village people, surely our records will reveal many mistakes in hearing or documentation. Thus, results on vernacular names should be considered as preliminary records,which can be progressively corrected by subsequent studies. MK and MST recorded crops names in the same village (Payu) both, in 2014 and this time, which were not so different, and then covered a wider range of crops. Many crop names used in Naga villages in the mountains of Layshee township were often rather unique and were largely variable from village to village, except for some crops for which the names were loanwords from Myanmar (Bama) language. Some similarity was sometimes observed between villages belonging to the same tribes. For example, similar vernacular names of crops were used by Para Naga informants at Layshee Quarter 2 (WP029), Layshee Myoma Quarter (WP035) and Pein Nel Kone (WP054 and 055), which were near each other. On the other hand, Tan Khul Naga informants at Pan Sat and Nga Chan villages did not show much similarity. We also interviewed Kuki Chin people at Yan Nway village in Layshee township and Tailai Shan people at Hommalin town. A large diversity of vernacular names suggested that a more precise survey of names should be done, particularly in Layshee township. Through interviews on crops names, villagers were very kind to tell us not only the crop names, but cultivation practices, uses, characteristics of different varieties, and so on, and we learned about their agriculture and ways of life. Plant genetic resources collected The team visited the Sagaing Region shortly after harvest season and could collect plant genetic resources grown on the cultivation fields, dried after harvest, stored in the hut or farm houses together with information on cultivation practices and usages. In some highland and colder areas like Somra town, an earlier visit for about a month might have been better to see standing crops and harvest, but the muddy conditions of the road could be a much more serious limitation during the rainy season. The field study team collected 82 samples of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, which included of rice (46 samples), chili pepper (3), perilla (3), rice bean (3), foxtail millet (2), Job’s tears (2), cowpea (2), soybean (2), Chinese peppers (2), amaranth (1), brown mustard (1), cucumber (1), black seed squash (1), lablab bean (1), basil (1), Italian parsley (1), common bean (1), sesame (1), and sorghum (1), as listed in Table 3. As for crop wild relatives, there were several populations of wild Vigna species and four samples of wild azuki bean (Vigna angularis var. nipponensis) that we collected. The collected materials were divided into two subsets; one to be conserved in the Seed Bank, BPGRPPD, DAR, MOAI, located at Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar for further research and crop improvement, while the other was transferred with a SMTA and a phytosanitary certificate issued by the Plant Quarantine Office of DOA, Yangon, Myanmar to Japan, to be conserved in the NIAS GRC in Tsukuba, Japan.

Potential crop genetic diversity in northern Sagaing Region The present survey demonstrated that, as indicated by two previous works (Domon et al. 2015a, 2015b) conducted in Hkamti and Lahe townships, the people in scattered villages in the hilly and mountainous areas maintained a diversity of traditional crops and varieties mainly in slash-and-burn

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cultivation fields and backyard gardens also in Layshee township.Flash reports of general erection votes counted were broadcasted every day when we visited the

areas. Most people were excited by the news that Ms Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) won a landslide victory that exceeded all expectations. Assembly members erected from Lahe and Layshee townships were drastically changed. People expected a renewed thrust for the development of these areas. Their life and agriculture will be changed quickly according with changes in the political situation, which might accelerate the loss of traditional crops and varieties. We would like to recommend that the field study to explore and collect plant genetic resources and their information should be carried out as soon as possible, particularly in the villages of Layshee township. The present achievement also suggests that miscellaneous vegetables, such as cucurbitaceous species and some crop wild relatives need to be explored by specialists. Acknowledgements The field study team deeply appreciates all the local people for their kindness, hospitality, and particularly for explaining their agricultural practices to us and for providing us with samples of cultivated and other useful plants. The team wishes to express their sincere gratitude to the authorities of MOAI, Republic of the Union of Myanmar for allowing the realization of the study. The team wishes to express their cordial thanks to Dr. Ye Tint Tun, Director General of the DAR, MOAI, Daw Nwe Nwe Yin, Director, BPGRPPD, DAR and Daw Kyi Kyi Thet, Head of International Relation Section for coordinating field study preparations. The team members wish to thank all the Seed Bank staff for processing collected plant genetic resources. The team would like to thank U Hsar Mu, representative of Lahe township in the Parliament, for his warm hospitality during our stay at Lahe; we also gratefully acknowledge U Aung Kyaw, Administrator of Layshee township for his kind understanding of the study. The field study and interviews to local people were greatly assisted by DOA staff members: Daw Su Su Htwe, Township Officer of Hommalin township. Safe driving by desibnated drivers, U Yun Key (Lahe), U Thein Naing (Htamanthi), U Hla Soe Naing (Yangon), and assistant Ko Mar Thon (Lahe) was highly appreciated. Special thanks are due to Mr. Mitsuru Nishigaki, Sanay Travel and Tours Co., Ltd. (Yangon), and U Aung Ye Kyaw, Hkamti Office of Sun Far Travel and Tours Co., Ltd. (Hkamti), for travel coordination and kindly providing the team with very helpful information. We are similarly much obliged to all staff members of University of Tsukuba, NIAS, and to all the people who were involved in this project, for their kind support.

ReferencesDomon E, Lyngwa GW, Su Su Htwe, Aung Thiha, Kawase M (2015a) Preliminary field observation of

cultivated crops and useful plants in Northeast India and adjacent northern Sagaing region of Myanmar. AREIPGR 31: 295-315.

Domon E, Min San Thein, Takei E, Osada T, Kawase M (2015b) A field study collecting cultivated crops and useful plants in Sagaing region of Myanmar in 2014. AREIPGR 31: 343-365.

Watanabe K, Ye Tint Tun, Kawase M (2007) Field survey and collection of traditionally grown crops in Northern areas of Myanmar, 2006. AREIPGR 23: 161-175.

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ミャンマー Sagaing 地方域における植物遺伝資源の探索収集 , 2015 年

Min San Thein1）・河瀬眞琴 2), 3）・土門英司 3）・渡邉和男 2）

1) ミャンマー連邦共和国　農業灌漑省　農業研究局 *

2) つくば大学　生命環境系3) 農業生物資源研究所　遺伝資源センター **

* 現：ミャンマー連邦共和国　農業畜産灌漑省　農業研究局 ** 現：農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構　遺伝資源センター

和文摘要　本報は，科学研究費基盤 (A) 海外学術調査「辺境少数民族地帯での植物利用及び伝統知の遺存と地域発展活動や国際経済の影響評価」（研究課題番号 25257416 研究代表者筑波大学渡邉和男）の調査の一環として，2015 年 11 月にミャンマーのザガイン地方域，とくにナガ人居住山地を対象に実施した植物遺伝資源に関する共同現地調査隊の報告である．今までにおこなったザガイン地方域カムティ郡区およびラヘー郡区での現地調査や観察の結果，伝統的農作物・品種の多様性が示唆され，今回はカムティ郡区およびラヘー郡区での多様性の再確認，できれば調査していない同郡区の山村，ならびに隣接するレイシー郡区を対象に選んだ．本調査隊は山村を訪問し，地理情報，地方名，農作業法，調理法等の利用法とともに植物遺伝資源を収集した．カムティ郡区およびラヘー郡区の山地の傾斜地では焼畑が共通して営まれ，主要食用作物であるイネとともに，モロコシ，ハトムギ，トウモロコシ，シコクビエ，フジマメ，タケアズキ（ツルアズキ），ササゲ，ダイズ，キャッサバ，シャロット，トマト，エゴマ，トウガラシ，ローゼル，ニガウリ，ヘチマ，カボチャ，サトイモ類，ヤマイモ類，アカザ類，バジル類，カラシナ，バナナ，ショウガ等が様々な形で混植され栽培されていた．パユー村での聞き取りでは，焼畑は村で管理し，数家族がひとつの焼畑を営んでおり，およそ 17 年に一度の頻度で利用する．また，野菜類の一部や果樹は家屋の周辺にも栽培されていた．しかし，2014 年の調査以上の範囲は道路状況等により困難と判断し予定より一日早くレイシー郡区に移動した．レイシー郡区はレイシー町近傍などに焼畑も営まれているが，なだらかな傾斜と山からの湧水を利用した棚田が多く営まれていた．同郡区のレイシー町からインド国境に近いソムラ町までの一帯を調査したが，一部は木が生えず表土が岩山に薄く乗った状況で草原となっていて焼畑に適していない場所あり，そのような場所は農業に利用されていなかった．焼畑と棚田の頻度は山村の立地条件で異なっていた．クキ村での聞き取りでは 8 年に一度同じ地点を焼畑に使うということで，パユー村よりは短いが，焼畑として 1 年間利用した後は長い休耕期間を置き植生の回復を図ることは共通していた．現地調査の結果，82 点の遺伝資源を収集した．作物としてはイネ 46 点，トウガラシ類 3 点，エゴマ 3 点，タケアズキ（ツルアズキ）3 点，アカザ類 3 点，アワ 2 点，ハトムギ 2 点，ササゲ 2 点，ダイズ 2 点，サンショウ類 2 点，アマランサス 1 点，カラシナ 1 点，キュウリ 1 点，クロタネカボチャ 1 点，ハナマメ 1 点，イタリアンパセリ 1 点，インゲンマメ 1 点，ゴマ 1 点，モロコシ（ソルガム）1 点，バジル 1 点，作物近縁野生種としてヤブツルアズキ 4 点を収集し，これらはミャンマーと日本の両国のジーンバンクで保存されることとなった．日本への導入は，食料・農業植物遺伝資源条約

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の定型の素材移転契約を結び，双方の国内手続きにのっとって実施した．今回の調査の結果，ザガイン地方域の山地には多様な作物の地方品種が残存している一方，現在急速に進んでいる社会経済的な変革によって農業生物多様性が滅失することが危惧され，この地域の作物遺伝資源を可及的速やかに収集し研究すべきであると結論した．また，今回の観察結果からさまざまなウリ科遺伝資源や作物野生近縁種に関しては専門家による調査が急務である．

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dd/mm/yyyy 11/11/2015 12/11/2015 14/11/2015 15/11/2015 15/11/2015 16/11/2015 16/11/2015 17/11/2015 18/11/2015 21/11/2015Village PAYU MON HTWE YAN NWAY LAYSHEE QUARTER

No.2LAYSHEE MYOMA

QUARTERKUKI PAN SAT NGA CHAN PEIN NEL KONE

(SO SU TE NDA)HOMMALIN

Township, Region HKAMTI, Sagaing LAHE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing HOMMALIN, Sagaingmap location (waypoint) WP007 WP017 WP023 WP029 WP035 WP038 WP040 WP049 WP054/WP055 WP060

latitude (N) 26º00'07.4" 26º11'22.2" 25º22'52.4" 25º27'04.7" 25º26'56.5" 25º22'32.4" 25º25'33.0" 25º18'30.0" 25º28'49.1" 24º51'52.1"longitude (E) 95º24'19.0" 95º29'56.9" 95º11'27.9" 94º57'25.2" 94º57'52.6" 94º49'07.7" 94º44'37.7" 94º41'15.6" 94º58'02.3" 94º54'32.7"

altitude (m) 1,238 1,165 208 1,340 1,194 1,551 1,707 1,576 1,016 130 No. crop name in

Myanmarcrop name in English

Latin name

1 saba dehusked: san cooked: htamin

rice Oryza sativa L. tsi cultivar names: zoniya zo theik za liang zo sin nieu zo kop nieu na ma shieu leo zo tso

zo, tzot, zot cultivar names: sai liang pa kang san fan zo but to zo zo gan zot

zang ayar (ajar) a jar morro (glutinous variety)

ther thar cultivar names: fu pra tha an jak tha a pawn ta poh tha we ri ka rain poh si hwei ra mang lha ka theng poh a wa ra ka dei ne po ri (waxy) son ra (waxy) anno krebo (waxy) anno zu (waxy) killi (waxy)

dat tsu cultivar names: a zuwu tsu ga than ga than ga khwei pa ka than mizak pa ka ma ngak pa ga than mizok pa pa ga rei pa ma khue tsu yajo tsu ga ngee mizak pa a yaw tzu mizak pa

ajya (aya) cultivar names: ka la so ta bu sha sha la may jah ka le jah jah

khaud, khoud pet

2 pyoung bu maize Zea mays L. chon ngan palam kwe bu lat se yi (lat se ji) lat se ji bothar pachiu khong tzei lat se zhi khaud pha

3 gjoun common wheat Triticum aestivum (L.) Thell. ssp. vulgare (Vill.) Mackey

- - - - gjone - - - - gjone

4 gjoun durum wheat Triticum turgidum (L.) Thell. ssp. turgidum conv. durum (Defs.) Mackey

- - - - - - - - - -

5 mu yaw saba barley Hordeum vulgare L. - - - - - - - - - -

6 hnan sa pyoung sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

ma zam, ma lam - kempu - lat lu (no cultivation) sit ther, sit ther pe maroh thuh shatei tzu tzu pat ah le qia -

7 kala sat peral millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.(syn. P. americanum (L.) Leeke)

kala chinyap netkon - - - sit ther - - teh -

8 sat ni finger millet Eleucine coracana (L.) Gaertn.

omkae chinyap - - - - - - tamu - -

9 sat foxtail millet Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. chinyap liem - te (no cultivation) shat zue (no cultivati-on now)

sit ther da maa tamu teh -

10 barnyard millet Echinochloa sp. - - - - - - - - - -

11 kodo millet Paspalum scrobiculatum L. - - - - - - - - - -12 yellow foxtail

milletSetaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.

- - - - - - - - - -

13 lu common millet Panicum miliaceum L. homi - - - - - - - - -

14 kala lu little millet Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. et Schult.

- - - - - - - - - -

15 korne Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf. - - - - - - - - - -

16 pe bouk soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill chiu tep, chieu tep kashiu teik bat tu so tah (so ta) sothar maru reng ti mara tzei swa thra thou hae

17 bo sa pe common bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. kyan lone kashiu kyan - - mashi thar kou the muh tei ga yak poh. niet tun tzei ma she thra sagri pe

Table 2. Summary of interviews on traditional crops in the Sagaing Region of Myanmar in 2015

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No.2LAYSHEE MYOMA







Latin name

18 pe di sein mung bean Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek - - - - - - - - - pe di19 mat pe black gram Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper - - - - - - tonde - - thou20 chin pe,

taung ya perice bean Vigna umbellata (Thunb.)

Ohwi et Ohashichum, chuum kashiu be kun bwe thar thar re ju thar, jutthar dande tze ray thra reh thou na khaud

21 pe zaung ya winged bean Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.

awoo lopon name uncertain be jun nei, be jun ni po jyi pleri (po yi pleri) thar pleri let tho si tho (they have) - po zhi be ri ri thou ma phun

22 pe lun cowpea/yard-long bean

Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers

chiu kyan name uncertain be lowe - zat tu let kyao tho muh tei rang ga sun poh.

khun tzei za thu la za pe

23 kala pe chickpea Cicer arietinum L. - kala pe - - - - - - - -

24 pe zin ngoun pigeon pea Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. - - - - allo so tha thar kasha let thar niih thun lontei nithong mayon tzei ala swa thra thra pe sin ngoun25 pegyi lablab bean Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet lapon la pue, lapun - po jyi (pau gyi) po jyi gat za tha lontei mayon tzei po zhi thou ma khaud26 moth bean Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.)

Marechal- - - - - - - - - -

27 pe dalet sword bean Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.

asang le kie - be lu - wat pwo maru ju tha noh rang tei kri tzei khara -

28 pan gjoun buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench

- - - - - - - - - -

29 pe wali guar Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L) Taub

- - - - - - - - - -

30 hin nu nwe amaranth Amaranthus cruentas L.* - - - - cho pa te te - (they have) hla hla mi mi jo pha teh teh -

31 hin nu nwe amaranth Amaranthus caudatus L.* - - - - - - - - - -32 hin nu nwe amaranth Amaranthus

hypochondriacus L.*- - - - - - - - - -

33 hnan sesame Sesamum indicum L. nyan hom niem, nieman - cho atzi kotcho khut chun, khut chun jaig

kha zun jo nga

34 chin baung kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus L. chin boung chin boung ba nai chin baung chin baung datoto chin baung chin baung - chin baung aphyu chin baung

35 chin baung ni rosselle Hibiscus sabdariffa L. chin boung chin boung ba nai chin baung chin baung asasa chn baung tha chin baung chin baung chin baung ani chin baung

36 kyet hin khar bitter gourd Momordica charantia L. kyet hinga thee makuka zan khar mak khar makkha makka si tha chet hin khar de jyi khakha ba tzei mba khar mau khun khaud

37 pelin mwe snake gourd Trichosanthes anguina L. gon lon thee name uncertain ba gui wat le zattu shusheo lap po tha polon thi - wed leh mau mut yaung

38 wa u elephant foot yam

Amorphophallus sp. - - - - - puri puri tha ku lwe thei tei tarowu ze phu tzei para zi ma koh koh -

39 hnget pyaw banana Musa spp. lu shep "loi cho hapchar loi (wild)"

"moa gan moa (wild)"

lat su, lappu lat su "lat sulap lat su (wild)"

"hreu thazaru chu hreu tha (wild)"

"lee theitinoshung lee thei (wild)"

"nu tzeidarun nu tzei (wild)"

"la sula pu la su (eild type)"

"mauk kwemauk kwe thun (wild)"

40 shan hnan perilla Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. frutescens

nyam nyem they know but do not cultivate

atzi jo ko cho pi se be khu tuei ka shee a zhi nga

41 pan hnan niger seed Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass.

- - - - - - - - - (they know)

42 pyi nyaung banyan tree shoot

Ficus benghalensis L. cam bi shieu chon kun - thi pwe thi ga hru tha kanu nuen kazon yue thri bwe pahae

43 myin khwa Asiatic penn-ywort

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban myin khwa ywet tan kin myin khwa (no culti-vation)

so li li dat sho li li lut tutu kha rue yen khon ru yee teh sho li kaka pa nanna

44 kyet thun meik Chinese chive Allium tuberosum Bottl. ex Spreng.

hauk thet kandukum zang nam lo si to to roshi ga palo po se be kashiu yen soro phon yue lo shi pa pa hang phalaw


- 251 -


No.2LAYSHEE MYOMA







Latin name

45 gyu myit Hooker chives Allium hookeri Thwaites hauk thet kandukum nang na nang nem sat lat ku tza lokku sho shu kashiu yen thue ga san yee ze le khu kyumi, jumi46 kyet thun ni shallot Allium cepa L. Aggregatum

Grouphauk thet kieu piaz nang nam sam lo si roshi sasa palo hi be kashiu yen gagabou soro phon mit tu bat la shi sa sa phalaw nain

47 kyet thun ni Chinese onion Allium chinense G. Don. hauk thet cau name uncertain nang nam sam li sho rit sho palo ta she be kashiu yen gangoba acha thun nue soro phon

ri sho phalaw nain

48 kyet thun phyu garlic Allium sativum L. - lo sun ni zang nam kan (no cultivation)

li sho roshi toto palo be uwe shi ha soro phon kha ma ngi bat

lo shi to to phalaw nain

49 nan nan coriander Coriandrum sativum L. mak gee mikkii pate hom chan bzi cham bi tschi ha di ve - shi ha jeh mpi kyi hong

50 shan nan nan Chinese celery Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.

- - - - - - gavan yen masala jeh mpi shala kyi hong

51 kala nan nan Mexican cori-ander

Eryngium foetidum L. kala gohon hiitap - kala chan bzi cham bi tutu tsu ha so ve - a fon yee jeh mpi tuh tuh kyi hong kala

52 ney pu hin khar - - - - - pu khon sai

54 ma yoo - malu pi da - - (they know) phaud kan shae

55 pana pawt - (they know) - - (they know) pa phaung

56 pusi nan mint (probably corn mint)

Mentha spp. (probably M. arvensis)

- nan nan bu si nan (no cultivation)

put tin dar pat tin da yu bhi ra soh yang pu ti nat put tin da pu si nan

57 sit pok water mimosa Neptunia oleracea Lour. - - han hu: (no cultivation)

si poke (su po) sit poke - - mat ton yue si vu phala

58 pin zein lomba Elsholtzia blanda Benth. lao san lau tsiang - sho lu lu sho ruru kashi ya nip pin yen khashi yee sho ru ru -

59 lum kala pinzein

basil Ocimum basilicum L. mat san - ma yang cho mu la chom mula cohm mula toto chom mula sasa

li phi ro misson yen khadi khashi yee joh ma ra eai shin

60 khayan khazaw Indian nightshade

Solanum violaceum Ortega koko sat cho kuku an yan kar khe le le chere khakhar ji ke tha shee ga khra thei ka pak tzei khje le khar khar, chje le khar khar

mak ku se

61 khayan gyin cultivated nightshade

Solanum torvum Swartz. phun ko pyan kuku san an yan khe le le che rere malu pi ji khe tha khra thei ka pak tzei kjhe le le, chje lele mak hain zan

62 taung paw kan sin

Chinese pepper Zanthoxylum spp. ju ju shin ywe man ga la si mat ta sa maga tha ma so yang mai ye tzei ma tra sa kan san

63 kyeik Job's tears Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Rom.Caill.) Stapf.

inyap nei - get suh get tzu, get tsu kayin the yi tha, jyi tha ta gaum tzu get zhu -

64 tree spinach Chenopodium bengalense (Lam.) Spielm. ex Steud.**

opan mae hiyam - taru (tarru) taru zoru the kathani za ru tzu tra ru -

65 pein u taro Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott

lyam don bai phar (pfar) phuar ghie da pa da bu va muang

66 myauk u yam Dioscorea spp. kala katak ha: thar thar khe tha ra thei da rei tzei thra mang

67 palau pinau u pin cassava Manihot esculenta Crantz paik kiy po sun ghi kotkai so tam har so thar makhar chorla the chun thuh wa thei ga tzun nya tzei so thra ma bar thun


- 252 -

dd/mm/yyyy 11/11/2015 12/11/2015 14/11/2015 15/11/2015 15/11/2015 16/11/2015 16/11/2015 17/11/2015 18/11/2015 21/11/2015

Village PAYU MON HTWE YAN NWAY LAYSHEE QUARTER No.2

LAYSHEE MYOMA QUARTER

KUKI PAN SAT NGA CHAN PEIN NEL KONE (SO SU TE NDA)

HOMMALIN

Township, Region HKAMTI, Sagaing LAHE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing LAYSHEE, Sagaing HOMMALIN, Sagaing

map location (waypoint) WP007 WP017 WP023 WP029 WP035 WP038 WP040 WP049 WP054/WP055 WP060

latitude (N) 26º00'07.4" 26º11'22.2" 25º22'52.4" 25º27'04.7" 25º26'56.5" 25º22'32.4" 25º25'33.0" 25º18'30.0" 25º28'49.1" 24º51'52.1"

longitude (E) 95º24'19.0" 95º29'56.9" 95º11'27.9" 94º57'25.2" 94º57'52.6" 94º49'07.7" 94º44'37.7" 94º41'15.6" 94º58'02.3" 94º54'32.7"

altitude (m) 1,238 1,165 208 1,340 1,194 1,551 1,707 1,576 1,016 130

No. crop name inMyanmar

crop name in English

Latin name

68 ngayok chilli pepper Capsicum annuum L. paik hiu pei zi mai za gat, mai za (shwe lan bo)

asa sa tatutu (shwe lan bo)

atza tzar atza tzar tutu (shwe lan bo)

mat tuo thar thu mat tuo thar (shwe lan bo)

ka hun thei ka ma sun thei (shwe lan bo)

ga tzun tzei barun tzei ga tzun tzei (shwe lan bo)

a tsa tsa ma fid

69 khayan gyin tomato Solanum lycopersicon L. ko he zep pin gana - chin bu se chin bu asse khayan chin ma thu thei ku tu tzei ka chie ba jin bu seh ma khae son, ma pu taung u

70 khayan egg plant Solanum melongena L. ko pyan son ku da dei chin bu chin bu khakhar lat sho thar ka san thei la san tzei jin bu ma khae71 hpayon pumpkin Cucurbita spp. thwi zemp ze zamp mai kyan bo kyambo zuo thar man thei a ma tzei kya bu ma ma pak khan72 kyauk hpayon ash gourd Benincasa hispida (Thunb.)

Cogn.thwi jeg nieu ze zamp mai pun kyan bo gyi (kyan bo

zii)kyambo gyi zuo thar thu man thei kaswen poh a ma tzei zang kyan bu G, kyan bu gyi ma ma pak mon

73 bu bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.

myine lao um tam ma rel mare ro gu thar vak ther ka le tzei ma reh nam thau mok

note KHIAMNIU NGAN NAGA tribe U San Kyi, U Kwe, U Kwe's daughter et al.

U Lam Kiki Chin tribe U Tan Kho Pawn

Para Naga tribe Para Naga tribe Kuka Naga tribe U Sea Pe

Tan Khul Naga tribe U thein Win, U Soe Mang, U De Be et al.

Tan Khul Naga tribe U Rei Sing et al.

Para Naga tribe U Khaw Re Ke, U Sa Le Mu, et al.

Tailai Shan tribe Daw Su Su Htwe, Daw Khin Taung, et al. by hearing at HOMMALIN airport GPS data shows HOMMALIN Town

*Amaranthus cruentas, A. caudatus, and A. hypochondriacs might be often confused with each other and/or with other species like Celosia argentia.

**Chenopodium giganteum D. Don or C. formosanum Koidz


- 253 -

Sr. No.*

JP No. local plant name "local variety name"

English name Scientific name Date MM/

dd

VILLAGE NAME and/or nearest TOWN/VILLAGE

Latitude Longitude Altitude Source Status Status of plant sampled

Cultural practices

Sowing month

Harvest month

Topography Site Stoniness Soil texture

Drainage Farmer Name

glutinous other observations waypoint

º ' " º ' " m

1 254763 bo sar pe common bean Phaseolus vulgaris

11/10 HKAMTI town, HKAMTI Township

26 00 05.7 N 95 41 33.3 E 146 market place

landrace seed a seed shop at Hkamti Zee, a market place.

WP01

2 254764 pe tauk shay cowpea Vigna unguiculata

11/10 HKAMTI town, HKAMTI Township

26 00 05.7 N 95 41 33.3 E 146 market place


WP01

3 254765 mon hnyin mustard Brassica juncea 11/10 HKAMTI town, HKAMTI Township

26 00 05.7 N 95 41 33.3 E 146 market place


WP01

4 254766 niem ham sesame Sesamum indicum

11/11 KYAW YWET, HKAMTI Township

26 00 03.8 N 95 28 13.3 E 1,008 farmland landrace seed shifting May mid-Nov

mountainous slope low clay good WP005

5 254767 "pashiu sa lu sho"

chili pepper Capsicum annuum


26 00 03.8 N 95 28 13.3 E 1,008 farmland landrace seed shifting May Nov mountainous slope low clay good short (5 cm) fruit, orange color.

WP005

6 254768 "pashiu so" chili pepper Capsicum annuum


26 00 03.8 N 95 28 13.3 E 1,008 farmland landrace seed shifting May Nov mountainous slope low clay good long (10cm) fruit, orange color.

WP005

7 254769 tsi "gjon nai" rice Oryza sativa 11/11 KYAW YWET, HKAMTI Township

26 00 03.8 N 95 28 13.3 E 1,008 farmland landrace seed shifting May mid-Nov

mountainous slope low clay good non-glutinous

WP005

8 254770 inya job's tears Coix lacryma-jobi var. mayuen

11/11 PAYU, HKAMTI Township

26 00 30.6 N 95 23 20.5 E 1,078 farmland landrace seed shifting May Nov mountainous slope low clay good U San Kyi cook together with rice to make aye mu for pigs. Khiamnu Ngan Naga tribe.

WP008

9 254771 opan tree spinach Chenopodium bengalense(C. giganteum, C. formosanum)

11/11 PAYU, HKAMTI Township

26 00 30.6 N 95 23 20.5 E 1,078 farmland landrace seed shifting May Nov mountainous slope low clay good U San Kyi for pigs. Seeds are used as medicine. Leaves are used for soup. Khiamnu Ngan Naga tribe.

WP008

10 254772 chum rice bean Vigna umbellata 11/11 PAYU, HKAMTI Township

26 00 30.6 N 95 23 20.5 E 1,078 farmland landrace seed shifting Apr Dec mountainous slope low clay good U San Kyi Khiamnu Ngan Naga tribe. WP008

11 254773 maylam (malam)

sorghum Sorghum bicolor 11/11 PAYU, HKAMTI Township

26 00 30.6 N 95 23 20.5 E 1,078 farmland landrace seed shifting Apr/May

Nov/Dec

mountainous slope low clay good U San Kyi Khiamnu Ngan Naga tribe. WP008

12 254774 tsi "zo theik" rice Oryza sativa 11/11 PAYU, HKAMTI Township

26 00 07.4 N 95 24 19.0 E 1,238 farmstore landrace seed shifting May Nov mountainous slope U San Kyi non-glutinous

Khiamnu Ngan Naga tribe. WP007

13 254775 chieu tep soybean Glycine max 11/11 PAYU, HKAMTI Township

26 00 07.4 N 95 24 19.0 E 1,238 farmstore landrace seed shifting Nov mountainous slope U San Kyi, U Kwe, et al.

boiled grains are packed in banana leaves and fermented to make chieu tep. Khiamnu Ngan Naga tribe.

WP007

14 254776 tsi "zo niya" rice Oryza sativa 11/11 PAYU, HKAMTI Township

26 00 07.4 N 95 24 19.0 E 1,238 farmstore landrace seed shifting May Nov mountainous slope U San Kyi, U Kwe, et al.

non-glutinous

Khiamnu Ngan Naga tribe. WP007

15 254777 mashieu "zo kop nieu"

rice Oryza sativa 11/11 PAYU, HKAMTI Township

26 00 07.4 N 95 24 19.0 E 1,238 farmstore landrace seed shifting end May end Oct mountainous slope U San Kyi, U Kwe, et al.

glutinous Khiamnu Ngan Naga tribe. WP007

16 254778 mashieu "za liang"

rice Oryza sativa 11/11 PAYU, HKAMTI Township

26 00 07.4 N 95 24 19.0 E 1,238 farmstore landrace seed shifting May Oct mountainous slope U San Kyi, U Kwe, et al.

glutinous good to make rice cake, mont loan, which is used for hunters' movile lunch. Khiamnu Ngan Naga tribe.

WP007

17 254779 tsi "gjon nai" rice Oryza sativa 11/12 KYAW YWET, HKAMTI Township

26 00 04.0 N 95 28 12.9 E 981 farmstore landrace seed shifting May Nov mountainous slope non-glutinous

a little bit sticky and tasty. WP011

18 254780 tsi "alam si" rice Oryza sativa 11/12 PYIN LON, HKAMTI Township

26 05 54.0 N 95 33 52.7 E 692 farmland landrace seed shifting May Nov mountainous slope low clay good non-glutinous

WP014

19 254781 mashieu rice Oryza sativa 11/12 PYIN LON, HKAMTI Township

26 05 54.0 N 95 33 52.7 E 692 farmland landrace seed shifting May mid-Nov

mountainous slope low clay good glutinous scented rice. being dried after harvest.

WP014

20 254782 ma lon cucumber Cucumis sativus 11/12 PYIN LON, HKAMTI Township

26 05 54.0 N 95 33 52.7 E 692 farmland landrace seed shifting Jun mid-Nov

mountainous slope low clay good WP014

Table 3. List of plant materials collected in the Sagaing Region of Myanmar in 2015

- 254 -

Sr. No.*



dd



Cultural practices

Sowing month

Harvest month




º ' " º ' " m

21 254783 niem perilla Perilla frutescens var. frutescens

11/12 MON YWET, LAHE Township

26 11 22.2 N 95 29 56.9 E 1,165 farmland landrace seed shifting May Dec/Nov

mountainous slope low clay good pound, together with glutinous rice and boil. oil extraction.

WP017

22 254784 zo, zot, tzot "sai liang"

rice Oryza sativa 11/12 MON YWET, LAHE Township

26 11 22.2 N 95 29 56.9 E 1,165 farmstore landrace seed shifting mountainous slope low clay good stored in a hut on a slash-and-burn field.

WP017

23 254785 zo, zot, tzot "pa kang"


26 11 22.2 N 95 29 56.9 E 1,165 farmstore landrace seed shifting May mid-Nov

mountainous slope low clay good stored in a hut on a slash-and-burn field.

WP017

24 254786 zo, zot, tzot "san fan zo"




WP017

25 254787 zo, zot, tzot "but ton zo"




WP017

26 254788 zo, zot, tzot "zo gan zot"




WP017

27 254789 kahieu lappan

wild azuki bean


11/13 near LAHE. 46.2 miles from HKAMTI toward LAHE. LAHE Township

26 15 06.0 N 95 27 13.9 E 710 wild wild seed mountainous slope medium clay poor a wet place on a cliff near a stream. roadside.

WP020

28 254790 zang rice Oryza sativa 11/14 YAN NWAY, LAYSHEE Township

25 22 52.4 N 95 11 27.9 E 208 farmland landrace seed shifting May Nov hilly slope low clay good U. Tan Kho Pawn

cut trees in Jan, fire in Mar. Kuki Chin tribe.

WP023

29 254791 ayar, ajar "lan mayan"

rice Oryza sativa 11/15 LAYSHEE No. 2 Quarter

25 27 04.7 N 94 57 25.2 E 1,340 farmstore landrace seed shifting May Nov mountainous slope non-glutinous

stick sowing. Para Naga tribe. WP029

30 254792 wild azuki bean


11/15 LAYSHEE No. 2 Quarter

25 27 04.7 N 94 57 25.2 E 1,340 wild wild seed mountainous level low clay moderate on a bamboo fence at village side.

WP029

31 254793 marro "htahta"

rice Oryza sativa 11/15 LAYSHEE MYOMA Quarter

25 26 56.5 N 94 57 52.6 E 1,194 farmstore landrace seed shifting May Nov mountainous slope low clay good U San Ya glutinous stored in a hut on a slash-and-burn field. Small stick sowing. Steam and eat. Para Naga tribe.

WP035

32 254794 shat zue foxtail millet Setaria italica 11/15 LAYSHEE MYOMA Quarter

25 26 56.5 N 94 57 52.6 E 1,194 farmstore landrace seed shifting May Nov/Dec

mountainous slope low clay good U San Ya stored in a hut on a slash-and-burn field. Sown by broadcasting. Para Naga tribe.

WP035

33 254795 timmar amaranth Amaranthus cruentus

11/16 SHWE PYI AYE, LAYSHEE Township

25 21 42.2 N 94 47 33.6 E 1,775 farmland landrace seed backyard Dec mountainous slope medium clay good sow on a backyard garden. Leaves are eaten. Kuka Naga tribe.

WP039

34 254796 kut twi perilla Perilla frutescens var. frutescens


25 21 42.2 N 94 47 33.6 E 1,775 farmland landrace seed shifting Mar Nov mountainous slope rocky loam good sow near houses. cook seed together with glutinous rice. Kuka Naga tribe.

WP039

35 254797 ni thar niet tree spinach Chenopodium bengalense(C. giganteum, C. formosanum)


25 21 42.2 N 94 47 33.6 E 1,775 farmland landrace seed shifting Mar Nov mountainous slope rocky loam good dry, remove husks, together with waxy rice to brew. leaves for pigs. Kuka Naga tribe.

WP039

36 254798 thar "fu pra tha"

rice Oryza sativa 11/16 PAN SAT, LASHEE Township

25 25 33.0 N 94 44 37.7 E 1,707 farmstore landrace seed transplant on

irrigated terraces

Feb Oct mountainous slope U Thein Win, U Soe Maung, U De Be et al.

non-glutinous

sow on a non-irrigated nursery in mountains by broadcasting on mid-Feb. take 40-50 cm seedlings on the last week of May, transplanted them 30 cm apart 2 days later. Tan Khul Naga tribe.

WP040

37 254799 thar "ah jak tha"



irrigated terraces


non-glutinous


WP040

38 254800 thar "a pwen ta poh tha"



irrigated terraces


non-glutinous


WP040


- 255 -

Sr. No.*



dd



Cultural practices

Sowing month

Harvest month




º ' " º ' " m

39 254801 thar "wo ri ka rain poh"



irrigated terraces


non-glutinous


WP040

40 254802 thar "si hwei ra"



irrigated terraces


non-glutinous


WP040

41 254803 thar "mang lha ka theng poh"



irrigated terraces


non-glutinous


WP040

42 254804 thar "a wa ra" rice Oryza sativa 11/16 PAN SAT, LASHEE Township


irrigated terraces


non-glutinous


WP040

43 254805 thar "ka dei" rice Oryza sativa 11/16 PAN SAT, LASHEE Township


irrigated terraces


gutinous sow on a non-irrigated nursery in mountains by broadcasting on mid-Feb. take 40-50 cm seedlings on the last week of May, transplanted them 30 cm apart 2 days later. Tan Khul Naga tribe.

WP040

44 254806 thar "ne po ri"



irrigated terraces



WP040

45 254807 thar "son ra" rice Oryza sativa 11/16 PAN SAT, LASHEE Township


irrigated terraces



WP040

46 254808 "phajang garipoh"

rice Oryza sativa 11/16 LAY YUN, LAYSHEE Township


irrigated terraces

Feb/Mar Oct mountainous slope U Sar Maw Ya

non-glutinous

transplant in May. a little bit sticky and tasty. cold tolerance. Tan Khul Naga tribe.

WP042

47 254809 "awung ra" rice Oryza sativa 11/16 LAY YUN, LAYSHEE Township


irrigated terraces


non-glutinous

transplant in May. Tan Khul Naga tribe.

WP042

48 254810 "kara poh" rice Oryza sativa 11/16 LAY YUN, LAYSHEE Township


irrigated terraces


non-glutinous

transplant in May. black color. harvest a little bit earlier than other cultivars. Tan Khul Naga tribe.

WP042

49 254811 "kali" rice Oryza sativa 11/16 LAY YUN, LAYSHEE Township

25 23 33.7 N 94 43 02.0 E 1,686 farmstore landrace seed shifting Mar Oct mountainous slope U Sar Maw Ya

glutinous Tan Khul Naga tribe. WP042


- 256 -

Sr. No.*



dd



Cultural practices

Sowing month

Harvest month




º ' " º ' " m

50 254812 "wara" rice Oryza sativa 11/16 LAY YUN, LAYSHEE Township



51 254813 "ga noo" rice Oryza sativa 11/16 LAY YUN, LAYSHEE Township



52 254814 chi rih mang thei

black seed squash

Cucurbita ficifolia

11/16 LAY YUN, LAYSHEE Township

25 23 33.7 N 94 43 02.0 E 1,686 farmstore landrace seed backyard Mar Nov mountainous slope medium loam good U Sar Maw Ya

sow on backyard garden. looks like water melon. good to make soup. Tan Khul Naga tribe.

WP042



11/17 between SOMRA and NGA CHAN, LAYSHEE Township

25 20 27.3 N 94 41 54.5 E 1,151 wild wild seed mountainous slope rocky loam moderate roadside population. WP048

54 254816 dat tsu "a zuwu tzu ga than"

rice Oryza sativa 11/17 NGA CHAN, LAYSHEE Township

25 18 29.6 N 94 41 15.6 E 1,576 farmland landrace seed transplant on

irrigated terraces

Mar/Apr Oct mountainous terrace, level

row loam moderate U Rei Sing transplant at last week of May. Tan Khul Naga tribe.

WP049

55 254817 dat tsu "ga than ga khwei pa"



irrigated terraces



WP049

56 254818 dat tsu "ka than mizak pa"



irrigated terraces


row loam moderate U Rei Sing transplant at last week of May. also called "ga ma ngak pa" Tan Khul Naga tribe.

WP049

57 254819 dat tsu "ga than mizok pa"



irrigated terraces


row loam moderate U Rei Sing transplant at last week of May. also called "pa ga rei pa" Tan Khul Naga tribe.

WP049

58 254820 dat tsu "ma khue tzu"



irrigated terraces



WP049

59 254821 dat tsu "yajo tsu"



irrigated terraces



WP049

60 254822 dat tsu "ga ngee mizak pa"



irrigated terraces



WP049

61 254823 dat tsu "a yaw tzu mizak pa"


25 18 29.6 N 94 41 15.6 E 1,576 farmstore landrace seed shifting Mar first Oct mountainous slope U Rei Sing transplant at last week of May. for khau aye (rice wine). Tan Khul Naga tribe.

WP049

62 254824 za ru tzu tree spinach Chenopodium bengalense(C. giganteum, C. formosanum)

11/17 NGA CHAN, LAYSHEE Township

25 18 29.6 N 94 41 15.6 E 1,576 farmstore landrace seed shifting Mar/Apr Oct/Nov mountainous slope U Rei Sing Tan Khul Naga tribe. WP049

63 254825 tamu foxtail millet Setaria italica 11/17 NGA CHAN, LAYSHEE Township

25 18 29.6 N 94 41 15.6 E 1,576 farmstore landrace seed shifting Mar Aug mountainous slope U Rei Sing Tan Khul Naga tribe. WP049

64 254826 ka shee perilla Perilla frutescens var. frutescens


25 18 29.6 N 94 41 15.6 E 1,576 farmstore landrace seed shifting Mar/Apr Oct mountainous slope U Rei Sing Tan Khul Naga tribe. WP049

65 254827 mayon tzei lablab bean Lablab purupurea


25 18 29.6 N 94 41 15.6 E 1,576 farmstore landrace seed shifting Mar/Apr Dec mountainous slope U Rei Sing shifting fields, backyard, and anywhere. Tan Khul Naga tribe.

WP049

66 254828 tze ray rice bean Vigna umbellata 11/17 NGA CHAN, LAYSHEE Township

25 18 29.6 N 94 41 15.6 E 1,576 farmstore landrace seed shifting Mar/Apr Oct/Nov mountainous slope U Rei Sing for soup. Tan Khul Naga tribe.

WP049


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Sr. No.*



dd



Cultural practices

Sowing month

Harvest month




º ' " º ' " m


Vigna angularis var. nipponensis?

11/17 near LAYSHEE, LAYSHEE Township

25 25 44.0 N 94 54 55.3 E 612 wild wild seed mountainous depression rocky sand moderate on a bank of stream, near a bridge. small seed. small hilem. Vigna nepalensis?

WP053

68 254830 aja, aya "ka la so"

rice Oryza sativa 11/18 PEIN NEL KONE (SO SU TE NDA), LAYSHEE Township


irrigated terraces

April Nov mountainous depression low clay moderate U Khaw Re Ko, U Sa Ra Mu, et al.

transplant40-50 cm long seedlings in Jun/Jul. Para Naga tribe.

WP054

69 254831 aja, aya "ta bu sha sha"



irrigated terraces

April Nov mountainous depression low clay moderate U Khaw Re Ko, U Sa Ra Mu, et al.


WP054

70 254832 joh ma ra basil Ocimum basilicum

11/18 PEIN NEL KONE (SO SU TE NDA), LAYSHEE Township

25 28 49.1 N 94 58 02.3 E 1,016 farmstore landrace seed shifting/ backyard

Apr/May

Nov mountainous slope U Khaw Re Ko, U Sa Ra Mu, et al.

sow on slash-and-burn fields and backyard garden. medicine for headache. cook with pumpkin. Para Naga tribe.

WP054

71 254833 hot chel, hot chel jeh mpi

Itlian persley Petroselinum crispum var. neapolitanum

11/18 PEIN NEL KONE (SO SU TE NDA), LAYSHEE Township

25 28 49.1 N 94 58 02.3 E 1,016 farmstore landrace seed shifting/ backyard

May/Jun Nov mountainous slope U Khaw Re Ko, U Sa Ra Mu, et al.

cook in soup. put in nga phi paste. jeh mpi means coriander. Para Naga tribe.

WP054

72 254834 aja, aya "la may jah"


25 28 55.6 N 94 58 03.9 E 974 farmstore landrace seed shifting last May Nov mountainous slope U Khaw Re Ko, U Sa Ra Mu, et al.

non-glutinous

Para Naga tribe. WP055

73 254835 aja, aya "ke le jah jah"


25 28 55.6 N 94 58 03.9 E 974 farmstore landrace seed transplant on

irrigated terraces

April Nov mountainous terrace, level

U Khaw Re Ko, U Sa Ra Mu, et al.


WP055

74 254836 job's tears Coix lacryma-jobi var. mayuen

11/18 AYE TAUNG, LAYSHEE Township

25 25 30.2 N 94 56 16.3 E 907 farmland landrace seed shifting Nov mountainous slope medium loam good U Thein Lin

WP056

75 254837 tu tha rice bean Vigna umbellata 11/18 NAMI YUPI SANPIAR, LEISHEE Township

25 25 03.4 N 94 54 19.5 E 745 farmland landrace seed shifting mountainous slope low loam good short statue without vining. Kuki Naga tribe.

WP058

76 254838 marru soybean Glycine max 11/18 NAMI YUPI SANPIAR, LEISHEE Township

25 25 03.4 N 94 54 19.5 E 745 farmland landrace seed shifting mountainous slope low loam good short height. Kuki Naga tribe. WP058

77 254839 "cho shu the" rice Oryza sativa 11/18 NAMI YUPI SANPIAR, LEISHEE Township

25 25 03.4 N 94 54 19.5 E 745 farmland landrace seed transplant on

irrigated terraces

May Nov mountainous terrace, level

none loam moderate transplant Jul/Aug. introduced from LAYSHEE 4 years ago. Kuki Naga tribe.

WP058

78 254840 "let chie thar" cowpea Vigna unguiculata

11/18 NAMI YUPI SANPIAR, LEISHEE Township

25 25 03.4 N 94 54 19.5 E 745 farmland landrace seed paddy field edge

terrace, level

none loam moderate on a edge of a terraced paddy field. Kuki Naga tribe.

WP058

79 254841 "la bar the" rice Oryza sativa 11/18 NAMI YUPI SANPIAR, LEISHEE Township

25 25 03.4 N 94 54 19.5 E 745 farmland landrace seed transplant on

irrigated terraces

May Nov mountainous terrace, level

none loam moderate transplant Jul/Aug. introduced from LAYSHEE 4 years ago. Kuki Naga tribe.

WP058

80 254842 "shwe lan bo"

chili pepper Capsicum annuum

11/20 Pyi Taw Pyan Zee, HOMMALIN, HOMMALIN Township

24 51 52.1 N 94 54 32.7 E 130 market place

landrace seed shifting at a shop in morning roadside market in northern HOMMALIN downtown.

WP060


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Sr. No.*



dd



Cultural practices

Sowing month

Harvest month




º ' " º ' " m

81 254843 kan sein Chinese pepper (zanthoxylum pepper)

Zanthoxylumbungeanum

11/20 Hommalin Zee Gyi, HOMMALIN, HOMMALIN Township

24 51 52.1 N 94 54 32.7 E 130 market place

landrace seed wild a shop in HOMMALIN Zee Gyo, a market place. spontaneously grown in mountains.

WP060

82 254844 kan sein Chinese pepper(zanthoxylum pepper)

Zanthoxylumalatum

11/20 Hommalin Zee Gyi, HOMMALIN, HOMMALIN Township

24 51 52.1 N 94 54 32.7 E 130 market place

landrace seed wild a shop in HOMMALIN Zee Gyo, a market place. traded from HKAMTI. spontaneously grown in mountain forests.

WP060


* Collection No. is designated as COL/MYANMAR/2015/UT-NIAS-DAR/Sr. No. for each.

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MANDALAY

YANGON

NAY PYI TAW

HOMMALIN

The Chindwin River

INDIA

CHINA

THAILAND

LAO PDR

The Aeyarwaddy River

SagaingRegion

BANGLADESH

Fig. 1. Map of routes and collection sites (waypoints) during the field study in the northern Sagaing Region of Myanmar in November 2015. The map was generated on Google Earth (Google Inc.).

- 261 -

Photograph 1. Villagers were conveying harvests from a slash-and-burn field (WP008) to home at Payu village.

Photograph 2. Different kinds of crops were grown in addition to rice in a slash-and-burn field (WP008) of Payu village.

Photograph 3. The site near Pa Sang village, where several crops had been cultivated in 2014 became an abandoned slope field covered with wild grasses and shrubs in 2015.

Photograph 4. Layshee town was located on a sloping land at around 1,300 m above the sea level.

Photograph 5. A slash-and-burn cultivation field in Layshee township, where rice and several crops were admixed grown.

Photograph 6. There were many rice terraces already harvested on the way from Layshee town toward Somra town.

Photograph 7. Somra town was located near the border with Nagaland State of India and had an altitude of over 1,900 m above sea level.

Photograph 8. Gymnopetalum chinense (left) and Momordica balsamina (right), minor cucurbitaceous fruit vegetables sold at local market.

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Photograph 11. A population of wild azuki bean (Vigna angularis var. nipponensis) near a bridge (WP053).

Photograph 10. Black seed squash (Cucurbita ficifolia) observed at Lay Yun village (WP042).

Photograph 9. Coccinia grandis, another minor cucurbitaceous fruit vegetable sold at local market.

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〔AREIPGR Vol. 33: 265-293 2017〕Original Paper

A Field Study to Explore Plant Genetic Resourcesin the Sagaing Region and Shan State of Myanmar in 2016

Ken NAITO 1), San San Aye 2), Min San Thein 2), Aung Phyoe Hein 3),Emiko TAKEI 4), Toshiki OSADA 5), Eiji DOMON 1),

Kazuo WATANABE 6), Makoto KAWASE 1), 6)

1) Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture Research Organization, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan

2) Biotechnology, Plant Genetic Resources and Plant Protection Division, Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Republic of the Union of Myanmar

3) Yezin Agriculture University, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Republic of the Union of Myanmar

4) Faculty of International Studies, Osaka Gakuin University, 2-36-1 Kishibe-Minami, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8511, Japan

5) Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan

6) Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan

Communicated by K. KATO (Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University)Received Apr. 14, 2017, Accepted Sep. 11, 2017Corresponding author: M. KAWASE (e-mail: [email protected])

Summary

This is the report of a Myanmar-Japan cooperative field study designed to explore plant genetic resources, mainly in the northern Sagaing Region and Shan State of Myanmar, in October of 2016. This field study was based on previous works (Domon et al. 2015a, 2015b; Min San Thein et al. 2017) conducted in the Sagaing Region, which indicated that the hilly and mountainous areas in the region are home to a diversity of traditional crops and varieties mainly grown under a slash-and-burn cultivation scheme in fields and backyard gardens in Hkamti district and Lahe township, while, according to the preliminary survey, various rice landraces are also grown on terraces in Layshee township.

First, we focused on Layshee township and its vicinity, where the Naga people live. We explored diverse plant genetic resources including cucurbitaceous plants, surveyed the corresponding ethnobotanical

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aspects, and collected crop wild relatives (CWRs), such as Vigna species. Slash-and-burn cultivation is commonly practiced on mountain slopes in the Sagaing Region, where rice, other cereals, food legume, roots and tuber crops, various vegetables, and miscellaneous herbs and spices are often planted in mixed cropping systems. We confirmed that rice-terrace farming is common where enough mountain stream water is available for irrigation in Layshee township.

Second, we ran a preliminary survey mainly of vegetables and CWRs in the Taunggyi district of Shan State. A total of 177 seed samples were collected in the Sagaing Region, which included cereal crops (42 samples), leguminous crops (43), various vegetables (46), herbs and spices (19), tea plant (1), and CWRs (26). Five and three samples of CWRs were collected during the survey in Taunggyi district of Shan State and during a short visit to Yangon/Bago area, respectively. The collected plant materials were divided into two subsets, one to be maintained at the Seed Bank of Myanmar, and the other at NIAS Genetic Resources Center (NIAS GRC, now NARO GRC) in Japan after transfer in accordance with national and international legislation and operative procedures. Various vernacular names were noted from interviews with local people in the Sagaing Region. Different names were used for each crop among Naga people, while similar names were given within a particular Naga tribe, for example within Para Naga or within Thunkle Naga. The present field study explored the agrobiodiversity in Layshee township of the Sagaing Region and successfully collected some components of such diversity as plant genetic resources. Detailed studies should be carried out by specialists in semi-domesticated cucurbitaceous species and some of the CWRs.

KEY WORDS: Sagaing Region, Shan State, Myanmar, Agro-biodiversity, Crop wild relatives

Introduction This is the report of a Myanmar-Japan joint field study carried out in the hilly and mountainous

areas of Myanmar in October of 2016. Earlier studies in Naga Self-Administered Zone (Naga SAZ) in the Sagaing Region, Kachin State, indicated that the people living in the scattered villages of the hilly and mountainous areas have been growing a diversity of traditional crops and varieties, mainly in a slash-and-burn traditional cultivation scheme, as well as in backyard gardens (home gardens) and in terrace; additionally, these people collect useful plants from their surrounding environments (Domon et al. 2015a, 2015b; Min San Thein et al. 2017; Kawase et al. 2011; Yamamoto et al. 2011; Watanabe et al. 2007). The present study was planned because an observation on our last visit implied that Layshee township of NAGA SAZ might be characterized by terrace cultivation of rice compared with Lahe township, another township in NAGA SAZ (Min San Thein et al. 2017).

We pursued four basic objectives in the study. First, we targeted Layshee township to explore and collect crop seeds as plant genetic resources (PGRs), and understand their traditional uses by interviewing local people from an ethnobotanical point of view. Collected PGRs could help future crop improvement and should be conserved in gene banks. Second, we wished to elucidate how traditional crops and their local landraces in the area have been influenced by socio-economical changes brought about by recent democratization in Myanmar. Influence could also be expected from neighboring India, since the township is near Nagaland State of India. Additionally, we paid special attention to locally cultivated and useful vegetables, including cucurbitaceous plants in the Layshee township of Sagaing Region, and the hilly areas in Taunggyi district of Shan State. Lastly, wild Vigna species were targeted as CWRs during the visit to the

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Sagaing Region and other areas in Myanmar, because several populations of Vigna spp. were found in the previous visit to Lahe and Layshee townships, where limited systematic survey was done on those species.

MethodsWe targeted three areas, Naga SAZ in the Sagaing Region, the lowland of the same region, and

Taunggyi district in Shan State (Fig. 1). We planned to work in October, since most terraced-rice had already been harvested during our preceding visit to Layshee township in November of 2015 (Min San Thein et al. 2017). Access and field work in the hilly and mountainous parts of Myanmar, such as Naga SAZ, are not always easy, particularly for foreign researchers, due to poor transportation conditions, language barriers and/or time-consuming procedures for obtaining entry permits. The most productive field study was expected from a group of specialists in different areas of knowledge with specific, but interrelated objectives. The group also included preeminent Myanmar researchers. Therefore, we organized a collaborative field research-team in five Japanese scientists and two Myanmar counterparts financially supported by four independent funds described below. All members of the team agreed that all results obtained - including PGRs - would be shared as common achievements of the team, conserved in Myanmar and Japan and be open to public access, as deemed appropriate.

The members of the field study team in Naga SAZ were Kawase (MK, team leader), Osada (TO), Takei (ET), San San Aye (SSA), Watanabe (KW), Aung Phyoe Hein (APH) and Naito (KN) for PGRAsia. We gathered at Hommalin on October 8, traveled upstream to the small port town Htamanthi (also written Tamanthi or Tamanthe) by boat, went up to Layshee (Layshi or Leshi) and Somra (Sum Ma Rar) townships using two 4x4 vehicles locally hired, and came back to Hommalin via Htamanthi (Table 1, Fig. 1). The field survey in lowland Sagaing was done by all team members at Htamanthi before going to Naga SAZ and at Hommalin on the way back from Naga SAZ. From there, MK and SSA made a quick visit from north to south in Taunggyi district of Shan State. MK surveyed the area from Yangon through Bago. MK and SSA are specialists in PGRs conservation, TO is a linguist, ET is a ethnobotanist, KW is a plant geneticist and biotechnologist, KN is a specialist in plant genomics and genetics, and APH is an agricultural student native from Naga SAZ enrolled in Yezin Agriculture University (YAU). SSA was appointed by the Department of Agricultural Research (DAR) and APH was nominated in coordination by YAU and DAR. Domon (ED), Min San Thein (MST) and MK kept correspondences for coordination prior to the field trip.

We visited fields for exploring standing crops or just after harvest, and interviewed local people about their cultivation practices and utilization of their produce, particularly regarding cereals, legumes, vegetables, as well as herbs and spices. Geographical information of each site was recorded using Oregon 650TCJ (Garmin International, Inc.) and a free application Geo Tracker ver. 3.3.0 (https://geo-tracker.org/) with NEXUS 6P (Google Inc.). The different GPS devices used all rendered almost the same longitude and latitude data. Since altitude measurements by different GPS devices were contradictory with each other and, therefore, unreliable, altitude was obtained from Google Earth (Google Inc.) with the GPS location data at every site. We asked local people along the exploration route about crops produced and consumed in the area, such as rice, millets, pulses, and vegetables, in accordance with the International Society of Ethnobiology (ISE) Code of Ethics (http://www.ethnobiology.net/what-we-do/core-programs/ise-ethics-program/code-of-ethics/). Photographs of 73 crops were shown to local people to collect vernacular names through an interview at 14 sites. We also collected CWRs particularly focusing on Vigna species, as well as semi-domesticated and wild cucurbitaceous plants.

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Collected materials were divided into two subsets; one to be conserved at the Seed Bank, Plant Biotechnology, Plant Genetic Resources and Plant Protection Department (PBPGRPPD), DAR, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MALI), located at Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar for further research and crop improvement. The other subset of materials was transferred under the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA) for the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and a phytosanitary certificate issued by the Plant Quarantine Office of DOA, Yangon, Myanmar to Japan, to be conserved at the NARO GRC in Tsukuba, Japan.

day YY/MM/DD date route KAKEN16H05778

KAKEN25257416

GenebankProject PGRAsia

1 2016/10/7 FRI arrive at Yangon MK, TO,ET KW KN

2 2016/10/8 SAT Yangon - Hommalin MK, TO,ET, SSA KW, APH KN

3 2016/10/9 SUN Hommalin - Htamanthi MK, TO,ET, SSA KW, APH KN

4 2016/10/10 MON around Htamanthi MK, TO,ET, SSA KW, APH KN

5 2016/10/11 TUE Htamanthi - Layshee MK, TO,ET, SSA KW, APH KN

6 2016/10/12 WED around Layshee MK, TO,ET, SSA KW, APH KN

7 2016/10/13 THU around Layshee MK, TO,ET, SSA KW, APH KN

8 2016/10/14 FRI Layshee - Somra MK, TO,ET, SSA KW, APH KN

9 2016/10/15 SAT around Somra MK, TO,ET, SSA KW, APH KN

10 2016/10/16 SUN around Somra MK, TO,ET, SSA KW, APH KN

11 2016/10/17 MON Somra - Layshee MK, TO,ET, SSA KW, APH KN

12 2016/10/18 TUE Layshee - Htamanthi MK, TO,ET, SSA KW, APH KN

13 2016/10/19 WED Htamanthi - Hommalin MK, TO,ET, SSA KW KN

14 2016/10/20 THU around Hommalin TO, ET KW MK, SSA KN15 2016/10/21 FRI around Hommalin TO, ET KW MK, SSA KN

16 2016/10/22 SAT Yangon; some Japanese membersleave Myanmar for Japan within a TO, ET KW MK, SSA KN

17 2016/10/23 SUN Mandalay - Kalaw MK, SSA18 2016/10/24 MON Kalaw - Pinlaung - Yezin MK, SSA19 2016/10/25 TUE Yezin MK, SSA20 2016/10/26 WED Yezin MK, SSA21 2016/10/27 THU Yezin - Yangon MK22 2016/10/28 FRI Yangon MK23 2016/10/29 SAT leaving Yangon MK24 2016/10/30 SUN arriving at Japan MK

Table 1. Itinerary of the field study in Sagaing Region, Shan State, and Yangon/Bago area of Myanmar in 2016

Note: MK: Makoto Kawase, TO: Toshiki Osada, ET: Emiko Takei, KW: Kazuo Watanabe, APH: Aung Phyeo Hein, SSA: San San Aye, KN: Ken Naito

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Results and Discussions The field-study team visited the target areas around the time rice was harvested and collected local crops-varieties and CWRs as PGRs from crop fields as they underwent drying after harvest or from storage in farm houses, huts on the slash-and-barn cultivation fields or even by the roadside, and noted relevant data on geographical information, cultivation practices, characteristics and utilization of the product. Our activities were recurrently disturbed by showers almost every day until mid-October. The visit to Naga SAZ was just in time for rice harvest, but somewhat early for some of the crops or CWRs. We recorded crop names, village names, sources of the plant materials, cultural practices, sowing and harvesting months, GPS and topography data.

Plant genetic resources collected A total of 177 seed samples were collected in the Sagaing Region, including cereal crops (42 samples), leguminous crops (43), various vegetables (46), spices and herbs (19), a tea plant (1), and numerous CWRs (26) (Tables 2 and 3). Five and three samples of CWRs were collected during the survey in Taunggyi district in Shan State, and during a short visit to the Yangon/Bago area, respectively. One sample of Vigna radiata var. sublobata that had been collected by MST and MK in Nay Pyi Taw on September 9, 2016, and conserved at the Seed Bank was included in the list. Collected materials were divided into two subsets; one for the Myanmar Seed Bank, Myanmar and the other for the NARO GRC, Japan. Rice seeds that required a Special Permit application for introduction in Japan were temporally conserved at Myanmar Seed Bank.

Observation at Layshee and Somra townshipsLayshee town, the capital of Layshee township, sits at about 1,300 m above sea level (Fig. 1a;

Photograph 1). The town is inhabited by peoples of Thankul Naga, Makuri Naga, Para Naga and others, mostly engaged in agriculture. Thankul Naga and Makuri Naga people are mostly Christians, while some of the Para Naga people are Buddhists. Somra town in Somra township is found at 1,900 m above sea level (Photographs 2 and 3). Although most of the population in this town are Thankul Naga Christians who call themselves Somra Naga, some are Buddhist. Somra town is close to the border with Manipur State and Nagaland State in India. Local people told us they were trading across the border, which was confirmed by the fact that vehicles with Indian license plates were common in Layshee and Somra townships.

Layshee town and Somra town are both in the highlands. Lower sites lay between them at about 630 m above sea level, where rice terraces are irrigated with water from the mountain streams.

We recorded slash-and-burn cropping of various species in both townships (Photograph 4), similarly to other mountainous areas previously visited in Hkamti and Lahe townships (Domon et al. 2015a, 2015b; Min San Thein et al. 2017).

Rice was the major crop found in sloped slash-and-burn fields (Photograph 4), as well as in terraced paddy fields (Photograph 5). Tree spinach was sometimes mix-cropped in slash-and-burn rice fields that were often surrounded by sweet potatoes, yams, castor beans, sorghum, bananas, cassava, and other species. Non-branching and branching types of tree spinach were observed. The crops mixed in rice slash-and-burn fields seemed less diverse than those in Lahe township, where tree spinach, maize, sorghum, Job’s tears, soybean, common bean, sword bean, pigeon pea, pumpkin, ash gourd, eggplant, cockscomb, cassava, yams, roselle, kenaf, sugarcane, edible canna, sesame, perilla, ginger, chili pepper, among others, were

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Table 2. Summarized list of the plant materials collected in the Sagaing Region, Shan State, and Yangon/Bago area of Myanmar in 2016Crops English name Latin namecereals rice Oryza sativa L. 23

maize Zea mays L. 15Job's tears Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf 2foxtail millet Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. 2

legumes common bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. 15soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. 6cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. 6rice bean Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi et Ohashi 4groundnut Arachis hipogaea L. 3lablab bean Lablab purpreus (L.) Sweet 3pea Pisum sativum L. 2chickpea Cicer arientinum L. 1runner bean Phaseolus coccineus L. 1faba bean Vicia faba L. 1mung bean Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek 1

vegetables including oil crops Brassicas Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and B. oleacea L. 11edged gourd Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. 5cucumber Cucumis sativus L. 4roselle Hibiscus sabdariffa L. 3pod raddish Raphanus sativus L. 3okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench 1tree spinach Chenopodium bengalense (Lamarck) Spielm. ex Steud. 2pumpkin Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir. 2bottle gourd Lagenaria leucantha (Duchesne ex Lam.) Rusby, (syn. L.

siceraria )2

bitter gourd Momordica charantia L. 2eggplant Solanum melongena L. 2black seed squash Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché 1lettuce Lactuca sativa L. 1tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. 1snake gourd Trichosanthes cucumerina L. 1niger seeds Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. 2sesame Sesamum indicum L. 2

spices and herbs chili pepper Capsicum annuum L. 7Chinese pepper Zanthoxylem alatum Roxb. (syn. Z. armatum DC) 4coriander Coriandrum sativum L. 3perilla Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton 3dill Anethum graveolens L. 1elsholtzia basil Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth. 1

tea plant tea plant Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze 1

CWRs (semi-domesticated gourds) wild edged gourd Gymnopetalum chinense (Loureiro) Merrill. 4

wild bitter gourd Momordica balsamina L. 1wild bitter gourd Momordica subangulata Blume 1

(grass) wild barnyard grass Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. 1 (legumes) wild azuki bean Vigna hirtella Ridley 4

wild azuki bean Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi et H. Ohashi var.nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi et H. Ohashi

3

wild mung bean Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek var. sublobata (Roxb.)Verdcourt

2

wild mung bean Vigna trinervia (Heyneex Wight et Arnott) Tateishi 2wild azuki bean Vigna tenuicaulis N. Tomooka et Maxted 1

(vegetables) wild eggplant Solanum torvum Sw. 6wild eggplant Solanum violaceum Ortega 4wild snake gourd Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. 3amaranth Amaranthus blitum L. 1wild cucumber Cucumis hystrix Chakrav. 1wild sesame Sesamum radiatum Schumach. et Thonn. 1

Total 185

No. of collection

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observed (Min San Thein et al. 2017). There were also slash-and-burn fields of soybean, instead of rice, mixed with tree spinach, rice beans, common beans, yams, edible canna, sword beans, ginger, and others. Job’s tears were also grown in these fields. Maize stalks are sometimes left in the fields after harvest, and used as supporting poles for climbing leguminous crops, like rice beans and common beans (Photograph 6). In addition to slash-and-burn fields, rice beans were observed growing on small flat fields near streams (Photograph 7), and on the edges of paddy fields (Photograph 5). Soybean was also found on the edges of some paddy fields.

Small fields located in the backyard of or near farm houses were used for various crops, such as common beans, garden peas, yams, edible canna, long-yard beans, bananas, nightshades, cockscomb, elephant foot yams, chili peppers, sugarcane, perilla, cassava, chayote, bitter gourds, edged cucumbers, coffee, avocados, tobacco, amaranth, brown mustard, black-seed pumpkins, Chinese broccoli, roselle, basils, ginger, and others.

Harvested crops were stored on the walls and above the fireplace inside farm houses and huts in the fields: foxtail millet, maize, rice, yard-long bean, chili pepper, onion, dried bottle gourd, cucumber seed, dried basils, coriander, and others. Fresh cucumber, Chinese broccoli, squash (pumpkin), mushrooms, and chayote were found in houses ready for food preparation. Yam petioles are dried in the sun (Photograph 8). Bottle gourds are used as water container. Rice is often spread on a sheet outside the farm house to dry in the sun.

In high altitudinal areas of Layshee and Somra townships, wild perennial buckwheat, Fagopyrum cymosum is widely distributed (Photograph 9). People told us that it is not used as food, but could be used for medicine. Wild Vigna species were sporadically found in grassy bushes along the roadsides. Vigna hirtella was found near houses and fields (Photograph 10), Vigna tenuicaulis formed a big population near a bridge across a stream in a valley (Photograph 11), while Vigna angularis var. nipponensis populated the roadsides. A limited number of wild Vigna samples were collected, because plants had not reached full maturity. It is interesting to note that a Cucumis species was found on a roadside cliff (Photograph 12). The specimen was regarded as C. hystrix, which is a not a wild ancestor, but a close relative of cucumber.

Observation at Htamanthi and Hommalin townshipsSince Htamanthi town and Hommalin town are both near the Chindwin River, we could see those

towns and their vicinity at an altitude of less than 200 m above sea level (Fig. 1b). Thus, we decided to visit some of the market places and farm houses in the area.

Although Htamanthi is a small port town, it is an important entrance to Layshee township and has a market place. We observed small bitter gourd, chili pepper, Mexican coriander, lablab bean, radish seed, fresh banana, roselle, chayote, pumpkin, eggplant, tamarind fruit, water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea), ash gourd, cowpea, betel leaf, basils, bean sprouts, chili powder, water spinach and other species, all sold at the market places. Fermented soybean, boiled black rice, and some local rice snacks were available at the market places we stopped by, while small amounts of cookies and processed foods made in India and China was also sold there. Tea plants were grown in the forest near Htamanthi town. There were slash-and-burn cultivation rice fields where Job’s tears were mix-cropped, and cassava, rice bean, soybean, yam, cowpea, banana, and sweet potato were grown nearby.

We observed a slash-and-burn field where rice, soybean, banana, cassava, yard-long bean, Job’s tears, rice bean, yams, sweet potato, chili pepper, bitter gourd, eggplant, and other species, were grown

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near Htamanthi town.Hommalin is a much larger town than Htamanthi, since for a time, it was an important base for trade

on the Chindwin river. Tea production was also observed in Hommalin. They told us that tea production was important for Hommalin economy and that the famous Indian Assamese tea had originated from Hommalin.

There were two market places in Hommalin town, unlike Layshee or Somra, where there were no such markets but only small shops. One, which was of a rather simple, but wooden architecture, sits on the east end of the downtown. This market place was open the whole day, while the other was a cluster of mobile trolley-shops or ground stalls along the road on the west side of downtown, which was open only in the early morning. Fresh vegetables and fruits were available at those market places, particularly early in the morning. We observed yard-long bean, winged bean, chili pepper, cucumber, edged cucumber, eggplant, okra, bottle gourd, ivy gourd, wild edged gourd (Gymnopetalum chinense), banana, ginger, arrowroot, cassava roots, radish, pumpkin, taro, tomato, onion, bitter gourd, chayote fruits and vines, water mimosa, roselle, Chinese broccoli leaves, shallot leaves, fruits of Indian trumpet flower tree, grape fruits, Indian nightshade, water spinach, passion fruit, basils, papaya fruit, coconuts, dragon fruit, orange, pomegranate, Mexican coriander, Asian pennywort, “gway dauk” (Dregea volubilis) leaves, various ornamental flowers and other species mostly produced in the vicinity of Hommalin, the smaller market. Apples are probably an import from Shan State, China, or other areas. In the larger market places, we found light meals, snacks and food materials, like a variety of noodle soups, steamed rice stuffed in bamboo stalk, steamed rice with beans, glutinous rice cakes, fermented bamboo shoot, fermented fish with rice, fermented soybean, fermented fish, living and cooked crickets, rice grains with husks and milled rice, rice bean seed, perilla seed, pepper seed, Chinese pepper seed, fresh fish, different meats, and chicken eggs, in addition to agricultural crops and useful plants like in the slammer one.

We visited several fields and farm houses in Hommalin and in the vicinity. Local farmers had various cultivated crops and semi-domesticates in small gardens near their houses. We saw, for example, yam, ivy gourd, turmeric, cassava, balsam apple, elephant foot yam, eggplant, ash gourd, sugarcane, pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica) (Photograph 13), water spinach on wet soil, Mexican coriander, cowpea, yard-long bean, winged bean, basils, grape fruit, pomelo, banana, papaya, taros, and coconut tree.

Farmers grow rice in lowland paddy fields and gently sloped slash-and-burn fields under different topographic conditions. Banana, Indian nightshade, roselle and pigeon pea are grown near the slash-and-burn rice fields.

Observation in Taunggyi district of Shan State and Yangon/Bago areas

Although it was a short visit to Taunggyi district in Shan State (1,200 to 1,500 m above sea level) (Fig. 1c), we observed various CWRs of cucurbitaceous plants and Vigna species - Momordica balsamina, wild edged gourd, wild form of Trichosanthes cucumerina, wild bitter gourd (Momordica subangulata, not confirmed), redball snake gourd (Trichosanthes tricuspidata), perennial buckwheat (Fagopyrum cymosum), Vigna hirtella, and V. radiata var. sublobata. Farmers grow rice, sorghum, maize, soybean, yard-long bean, rice bean, winged bean, velvet bean, sugarcane, pod radish, brown mustard, bottle gourd, sword bean, basil (Photograph 14), edible canna, banana, and other species. They grow rice as a staple and various vegetables widely as cash crops in the district. We visited this area before the harvest season. We concluded that November might be the best time for collecting many of the crops and several CWRs.

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We visited Yangon/Bago areas for a half day (Fig. 1d). This is a lowland areas at some 20-30 m above sea level, where some CWRs were seen - e.g. wild rice populations (Oryza rufipogon) (Photograph 15) in ponds and wetlands, wild edged gourd (Photograph 16) climbing on a tree, a wild relative of sesame, Sesamum radiatum (Photograph 17) and Vigna trinervia (Photograph 18) on the roadside. It is noteworthy that there might be different kinds of CWRs distributed even near Yangon, an old capital, and an easily accessible place.

Vernacular names of crops in surveyed areas

Printed photographs of 73 crops used for previous trips were shown to local people at Htamanthi, nine villages in Layshee township, one in Somra township, two in Hommalin township and one in Taunggyi district of Shan State, to make sure which crop was grown, and to collect vernacular names in-situ. Since we were not aware of the language phonetic systems, the results might be only tentative records of vernacular names, which would hopefully be corrected by succeeding researcher or local people. Where people had their own writing system in Roman alphabet, we asked them to write crop names by themselves.

Many crop names used in Naga villages in the mountains were often rather unique and largely variable from village to village, except for some crops of whose names were loan words from Myanmar (Bama) language. Among these, some similarity was observed between villages belonging to the same tribes, for example, between Thunkul Naga (including Somra Naga) people at Htamanthi (waypoint K004), Ye Taung (K011), Sapya (K014) and Somra (K036), and between Para Naga people at Lili Tashai Nta (K012) and Dhaein Ka Lain Saein Pya (K019). Shan people at Taung Ya Taw (K056) and Man Pan (K061) used crop names that sound like those used in Thailand.

Detailed data on vernacular names recorded during the present field survey, together with those obtained on our previous visit to the Sagaing Region, are being compiled and will be reported elsewhere.

Potential crop genetic diversity in the northern Sagaing RegionAs suggested by preliminary work (Min San Thein et al. 2017), the people of the scattered villages in

the hilly and mountainous areas in Layshee township and the vicinity maintained a diversity of traditional crops and varieties cultivated on slash-and-burn cultivation fields, terraced paddy fields and backyard gardens.

Through the democratization process, life and agriculture in Naga SAZ has changed rapidly and the speed of chage continues to increase; thus, traditional crops and varieties are faced with the risk of genetic erosion. Construction of new roads enhanced border trade with India, and Indian rice varieties were introduced. Grape fruits and cardamon were introduced as cash crops. Traditional cereals like foxtail millet, finger millet and Job’s tears were sporadically found. Field studies exploring and collecting plant genetic resources and their information should be carried out as soon as possible. The present results also suggest that miscellaneous vegetables, such as cucurbitaceous semi-domesticated species and/or some crop wild relatives need to be explored by specialists. At the same time, it is important to provide an opportunity for higher education along with the necessary support to promote appropriate technology, including the utilization of the local crops and useful plants, as well as the introduction of new crops in order to develop agricultural production in the areas, although there are obstacles on availability of arable lands, shortage of information and knowledge, limited investment, and scarcity of educated and trained people.

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AcknowledgementsThe field study team deeply appreciates all the local people for kindness, hospitality, and particularly

for explaining their agricultural practices to us, and for providing us with samples of cultivated crops and other useful plants. The team wishes to express their sincere gratitude to the authorities of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MALI), Republic of the Union of Myanmar for allowing the study to be performed. The field study was conducted as one of the cooperative research activities under the “Memorandum of Understanding for Collaborative Research Project on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture” between the Department of Agricultural Research (DAR), Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MOAI, reorganized as Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, MALI at present), Myanmar, and the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS, reorganized as the National Agriculture Research Organization, NARO), Japan, which were signed by both parties in 2014. Similarly, the team wishes to heartedly acknowledge their gratitude to U Naing Kyi Win, Director General of DAR, MALI, to Daw Nwe Nwe Yin, Director, BPGRPPD, DAR and to Daw Kyi Kyi Thet, Head of International Relation Section for coordinating the field study preparations. The team members wish to thank all the Seed Bank staff for processing collected plant genetic resources. The field study and interviews with local people were assisted by Daw Su Su Htwe, DOA Township Officer of Hommalin township and her staff.

The team sincerely appreciates financial support from 1) a Grant-in-Aid Program for Overseas Academic Survey of Basic Research (KAKEN) Type B titled “Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources in Southeast Asia toward Implementation of Farmers' Rights” (KAKEN No. 16H05778, Program Leader: Makoto Kawase, Tsukuba University) granted by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan; from 2) a KAKEN Type A titled “Utilization and Conservation of Endangered Plant Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge and Evaluation of Influence from Local Development Activities and International Economy in Remote Area of Minorities Dwelling” (KAKEN No. 25257416, Program Leader: Kazuo Watanabe, Tsukuba University), granted by the JSPS under the jurisdiction of MEXT of Japan; from 3) an entrusted program titled “Exploration, Collection and Evaluation of Vegetables Genetic Resources in Myanmar” of NARO Genebank Project (NARO GBP), and from 4) Plant Genetic Resources Asia Project (PGRAsia) of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) implemented by NARO Genetic Resources Center (NARO GRC) in consignment.

Safe driving by drivers, U Thein Naing (from Htamanthi), U Hlaing (from Htamanthi) and U Hla Soe Naing (from Yangon), is highly appreciated. Lastly, we wish to express our thanks to Mr. Mitsuru Nishigaki, of Sanay Travel and Tours Co., Ltd., Yangon, for travel coordination and kindly providing helpful information.

ReferencesDomon E, Lyngwa GW, Su Su Htwe, Aung Thiha, Kawase M (2015a) Preliminary field observation of

cultivated crops and useful plants in northeast India and adjacent northern Sagaing region of Myanmar. AREIPGR 31: 295-315.

Domon E, Min San Thein, Takei E, Osada T, Kawase M (2015b) A field study collecting cultivated crops and useful plants in Sagaing region of Myanmar in 2014. AREIPGR 31: 343-365.

Kawase M, Wunna, Watanabe K (2011) Second field survey collecting traditionally grown crops in northern areas of Myanmar, 2009. AREIPGR 27: 83-93.

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Min San Thein, Kawase M, Domon E, Watanabe K (2017) A field study exploring plant genetic resources in Sagaing region of Myanmar in 2015. AREIPGR 33: 239-263.

Watanabe K, Ye Tint Tun, Kawase M (2007) Field survey and collection of traditionally grown crops in northern areas of Myanmar, 2006. AREIPGR 23: 161-175.

Yamamoto S, Moe Kyaw Aung, Watanabe K, Wunna, Kawase M (2011) Third field survey collecting traditionally grown crops in northern areas of Myanmar, 2011. AREIPGR 27: 95-109.

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ミャンマー Sagaing 地方域および Shan 州における植物遺伝資源の探索収集 , 2016 年

内藤健 1)・San San Aye 2)・Min San Thein 2)・Aung Phyoe Hein 3)・竹井恵美子 4)・長田俊樹 5)・土門英司 1)・渡邉和男 6)・河瀬眞琴 1), 6)

1) 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構　遺伝資源センター2) ミャンマー連邦共和国　農業畜産灌漑省　農業研究局3) ミャンマー連邦共和国　イエジン農業大学4) 大阪学院大学　国際学部 5) 総合地球環境学研究所 6) 筑波大学　生命環境系

和文摘要　本報告書は 2016 年 10 月にミャンマーのザガイン地方域とシャン州を中心に実施した植物遺伝資源探索のための日本－ミャンマー共同現地研究に関する報告である．本現地調査は，ザガイン地方域において山岳地域において多様な伝統的作物・品種の栽培が続けられているという今までの調査結果 (Domon et al. 2015, 2016; Min San Thein et al. 2017) に基づいて計画された．ザガイン地方域のカムティ県とラヘー郡区やその周辺の山岳地域において焼き畑や家屋の近くの畑に農業生物多様性が見いだされたが，レイシー郡区ではそれに加えて伝統的棚田でさまざまなイネ地方品種の栽培も行なわれていた．そこで，本現地研究では第一に，ナガ人が居住するレイシー郡区とその周辺に注目してウリ科植物を含む多様な植物遺伝資源を探索し，その民族植物学的な側面を調査し，ササゲ属を含む作物近縁野生種も収集した．ザガイン地方域の山地の傾斜地では焼き畑栽培が広く行われ，イネその他の穀類，食料マメ類，根菜類，様々な野菜，ハーブや香辛料作物がしばしば混植されていた．レイシー郡区では山からの渓流水を灌漑用に利用できるところではイネの棚田栽培が広く行われていることを確認した．続いて，シャン州タウンジー県で野菜および作物近縁野生種を中心に予備的な調査を行った．ザガイン地方域では禾穀類（42 点），マメ類（43

点），野菜類（46 点）ハーブと香辛料（19 点），チャノキ（1 点），作物近縁野生種（26 点）を含む計 177 点の種子サンプルを収集した．シャン州タウンジー県とヤンゴン・バゴー地域ではそれぞれ 5 点と 3 点の作物近縁野生種を収集した．収集品は 2 つのサブセットに分け，一方はミャンマーのシードバンクで，他方は国内・国際法，手続きに則って導入しわが国の農研機構ジーンバンクで保存されることとなった．作物の方名の聞き取り調査では，ザガイン地方域内でも非常に多様な呼称があり，ナガ人の間でも異なる呼称で呼ばれることが多かったが，パラ・ナガ人同士やタンクル・ナガ人同士といった支族の間では似通った方名が見られた．本研究によって農業生物多様性がザガイン地方域レイシー郡区においても確認され，その一部分を遺伝資源として収集することができた．特にウリ科の半栽培種のような野菜類やいくつかの作物近縁野生種などは専門家による調査が望まれる．

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Col. No.*

JP No. Scientific name English name Date MM/

dd

Village name and/or nearest town/village

Waypoint Latitude Longitude Altitude Source Status of plant sampled

Local plant name "local variety name"

Cultural practices Sowing month

Harvest month

Other observations Topography Site Stoniness Soil texture

Drainage º ′ ″ º ′ " m

1 257833 Capsicum annuum

chili pepper 10/10 Htamanthi K001 25 19 54.7 N 95 17 21.9 E 148 local market

landrace Shwelumbo undulating level

2 257834 Vigna unguiculata

cowpea 10/10 Htamanthi K003 25 20 9.3 N 95 16 12.9 E 165 farmland landrace Pae tauntshae shifting Jun/Jly Nov hilly slope none Clay Good

3 257835 Luffa acutangula

edged gourd 10/10 Htamanthi K004 25 21 10.0 N 95 14 25.9 E 220 farmland landrace Ka well thee shifting Jun Sep hilly slope none Clay Good


chili pepper 10/10 Htamanthi K005 25 22 2.9 N 95 14 8.2 E 193 farmland landrace Shwelumbo shifting Jun/Jly Sep/Oct undulating slope none Clay Good


cowpea 10/10 Htamanthi K005 25 22 2.9 N 95 14 8.2 E 193 farmland landrace Latha pe shifting Jun/Jly Sep/Oct undulating slope none Clay Good

6 257838 Momordica charantia

bitter gourd 10/10 Htamanthi K005 25 22 2.9 N 95 14 8.2 E 193 farmland landrace Kyat Hin Kha shifting Jun/Jly Sep/Oct undulating slope none Clay Good

7 257839 Solanum torvum

wild eggplant 10/10 Htamanthi K005 25 22 2.9 N 95 14 8.2 E 193 farmland landrace - shifting Jun/Jly Sep/Oct undulating slope none Clay Good

8 257340 Phaseolus vulgaris

common bean

10/11 Aung Zay Ya Village

K006 25 26 56.5 N 95 6 34.0 E 482 shop landrace Bosar pe product from Kan Kine Lon Village

9 257841 Cucumis sativus

cucumber 10/11 Aung Zay Ya Village

K006 25 26 56.5 N 95 6 34.0 E 482 shop landrace Tha Khawa


wild eggplant 10/11 Aung Zay Ya - Layshee

K007 25 26 16.7 N 95 0 46.8 E 867 wild wild Kha Yan Kha mountainous slope low clay good

12 257843 Vigna hirtella wild azuki bean

10/11 Layshee K009 25 26 45.8 N 94 56 55.0 E 1,235 wild wild mountainous slope clay


common bean

10/11 Layshee K010 25 26 44.3 N 94 56 52.5 E 1,219 farmland landrace Tai Hfaung Pe shifting mountainous slope none clay good

14 257845 Setaria italica foxtail millet 10/11 Layshee K010 25 26 44.3 N 94 56 52.5 E 1,219 farmland landrace Sat shifting mountainous slope none clay good15 257846 Solanum

torvumwild eggplant 10/11 Layshee K011 25 26 41.3 N 94 56 54.5 E 1,205 backyard landrace Kha Yan Ka Thee mountainous slope none clay good

16 257847 Zea mays maize 10/11 Layshee K011 25 26 41.3 N 94 56 54.5 E 1,205 backyard landrace Bajak mountainous slope none clay good17 257848 Cucumis

sativuscucumber 10/12 Li Li Tasha K012 25 28 10.4 N 94 57 5.3 E 1,311 farmer

storagelandrace Yi mountainous

18 257849 Zanthoxylum alatum

Chinese pepper

10/12 Li Li Tasha K012 25 28 10.4 N 94 57 5.3 E 1,311 farmer storage

landrace Nka Nkwai mountainous


Chinese pepper

10/12 Li Li Tasha K012 25 28 10.4 N 94 57 5.3 E 1,311 farmer storage

landrace Mai Nka mountainous

20 257851 Zea mays maize 10/12 Li Li Tasha K012 25 28 10.4 N 94 57 5.3 E 1,311 farmer storage

landrace Lai Sui Yi mountainous

21 257852 Zea mays maize 10/12 Li Li Tasha K012 25 28 10.4 N 94 57 5.3 E 1,311 farmer storage

landrace Lai Sui Yu Pai Tsa mountainous

22 259829 Oryza sativa rice 10/12 Li Li Tasha K012 25 28 10.4 N 94 57 5.3 E 1,311 farmer storage

landrace Ga Le Zha Fha mountainous

23 257853 Perilla frutescens

perilla 10/12 Sapya K013 25 29 34.7 N 94 57 1.7 E 1,248 farmland landrace Atzi mountainous


chili pepper 10/12 She Da K017 25 31 20.8 N 94 54 17.9 E 810 backyard landrace Shwelumbo May/Jun Oct mountainous


chili pepper 10/12 She Da K017 25 31 20.8 N 94 54 17.9 E 810 backyard landrace Shwelumbo May/Jun Oct mountainous

29 257856 Amaranthus bilute

wild amaranth

10/12 She Da K017 25 31 20.8 N 94 54 17.9 E 810 backyard landrace Vi Pak Pak Apr/May Oct mountainous

30 257857 Solanum violaceum

wild eggplant 10/12 She Da K017 25 31 20.8 N 94 54 17.9 E 810 backyard landrace Keli Khak mountainous


common bean

10/13 Saein Pya K019 25 27 31.9 N 94 56 31.1 E 1,418 farmer storage

landrace Ntzai Tui mountaneous slope none clay good

32 259830 Oryza sativa rice 10/13 Saein Pya K019 25 27 31.9 N 94 56 31.1 E 1,418 farmer storage

landrace A Zha shifting/irrigated/transplanted

May Oct variety name: Ya Kyaw, transplanting in June

mountaneous slope none clay good

Table 3. List of plant materials collected in the Sagaing Region, Shan State, and Yangon/ Bago area of Myanmar in 2016

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Col. No.*


dd





Harvest month



33 259831 Oryza sativa waxy rice 10/13 Saein Pya K019 25 27 31.9 N 94 56 31.1 E 1,418 farmer storage

landrace Ga Lwer shifting/irrigated/transplanted

May Oct glutinous rice, variety name: Ya Kyaw, transplanting in June


34 257859 Glycine max soybean 10/13 Saein Pya K019 25 27 31.9 N 94 56 31.1 E 1,418 farmer storage

landrace Saw Dha Jly Dec curry sweatener, fermented soybean


35 257860 Echinochloa crus-galli

wild barnyard grass

10/14 Ye Taung K025 25 26 25.2 N 94 55 55.3 E 922 farmland wild terrace weed hilly

36 257861 Vigna tenuicaulis

wild azuki bean

10/14 Nami Yupi K027 25 25 43.2 N 94 54 55.4 E 631 wild wild roadside hilly

37 257862 Sesamum indicum

sesame 10/14 Nami Yupi Sanpya

K028 25 25 4.2 N 94 54 2.2 E 792 farmer storage

landrace Ka jaw Kae Sae Ve

shifting Mar/Apr Oct/Nov herb/spice, to make chili-sesame-paste with salt

hilly slope

38 259832 Oryza sativa rice 10/14 Nami Yupi Sanpya


landrace La Ya shifting/irrigated/terrace

Mar/Apr Oct/Nov if cultiated in terrace, sown in May and transplanted in June

hilly slope

39 259833 Oryza sativa rice 10/14 Nami Yupi Sanpya


landrace Zi Tsa shifting Mar/Apr Oct/Nov glutinous hilly slope


chili pepper 10/14 Nami Yupi Sanpya


landrace Shwelumbo shifting May Oct variety name "ma row ja paw"/put into curry, or pond with meat

hilly slope

41 257864 Zea mays maize 10/14 Nami Yupi Sanpya


landrace Ma Tha shifting Mar/Apr Jly/Aug mainly forage, sometimes food

hilly slope

42 257865 Glycine max soybean 10/14 Nami Yupi Sanpya


landrace Ma Ru shifting, backyard when cultivated, no other crops or vegetables with it.

hilly slope

43 257866 Brassica juncea brown mustard

10/14 Nami Yupi Sanpya


landrace La Klya hilly slope

44 257867 Vigna umbellata

rice bean 10/14 near Pan Sat K031 25 25 28.6 N 94 44 50.6 E 1,702 farmland landrace Ban Sap terrace mountainous slope low clay moderate


rice bean 10/14 Lay Yone K033 25 23 34.8 N 94 42 47.6 E 1,703 farmland landrace mountainous

46 257869 Vigna angularis var. nipponensis

wild azuki bean

10/14 Lay Yone K034 25 23 36.0 N 94 42 32.9 E 1,679 roadside/streamside

wild mountainous

47 257870 Vigna angularis var. nipponensis

wild azuki bean

10/14 200 m from Pun Tre

K035 25 22 23.3 N 94 42 13.0 E 1,720 roadside wild mountainous


10/15 Somra K036 25 21 47.3 N 94 41 11.3 E 1,900 farmer storage

landrace Ka Zi Yeng backyard Anytime anytime leaves and flowers as vegetables

mountainous

49 257872 Zea mays maize 10/16 Somra K037 25 21 51.0 N 94 41 4.8 E 1,924 farmer storage

landrace Ba Jeak shifting Apr/May Jly/Aug if fresh, toast it. dried one shold be boiled or fried.

hilly/mountainous

slope none clay good

50 257873 Lagenaria leucantha

bottle gourd 10/16 Somra K037 25 21 51.0 N 94 41 4.8 E 1,924 farmer storage

landrace Va Tei shifting Apr/May Oct as containers hilly/mountainous

51 257874 Glycine max soybean 10/16 Somra K037 25 21 51.0 N 94 41 4.8 E 1,924 farmer storage

landrace Ran Pei cultivation field Jun Oct fermented or fried hilly/mountainous


wild eggplant 10/16 Somra K037 25 21 51.0 N 94 41 4.8 E 1,924 farmer storage

landrace Ka Tha Tei anywhere Anytime Anytime but mainly cultivated in July-Aug.

hilly/mountainous

53 257876 Coriandurm sativum

coriander 10/16 Somra K037 25 21 51.0 N 94 41 4.8 E 1,924 farmer storage

landrace She Khwa backyard Anytime anytime herb hilly/mountainous

54 257877 Lactuca sativa lettuce 10/16 Somra K037 25 21 51.0 N 94 41 4.8 E 1,924 farmer storage

landrace K a Ts e i Ye n g Karun Nu Tsu Poh

backyard Anytime Anytime fresh vegetable hilly/mountainous


chili pepper 10/16 Somra K037 25 21 51.0 N 94 41 4.8 E 1,924 farmer storage

landrace Ka Ma Sung Tei shifting/backyard May Oct spice hilly/mountainous



landrace Ka Tei Yeung backyard/cultivation field

Oct Nov-Apr for soup or stirfry hilly/mountainous


common bean 10/16 Somra K037 25 21 51.0 N 94 41 4.8 E 1,924 farmer storage

landrace Mon Tei shifting Apr/May Jly-Nov intercropping with maiz, bamboo/young pods for soup and stirfry. seeds are boiled or fried.

hilly/mountainous


cowpea 10/16 Somra K037 25 21 51.0 N 94 41 4.8 E 1,924 farmer storage

landrace Mon Tei Yeung cultivation field Jun Oct young pods and leaves as vegetables. matured seeds are not eaten.

hilly/mountainous


- 279 -

Col. No.*


dd





Harvest month



59 257882 Chenopodium bengalense

tree spinach 10/16 Somra K037 25 21 51.0 N 94 41 4.8 E 1,924 farmer storage

landrace Tha Neyi shifting/cultivation field

Apr/May Nov C. giganteum?, C. formosanum? for brewing or feeding animals. leaves can be vegetables.

hilly/mountainous

60 259834 Oryza sativa rice 10/16 Somra K038 25 21 54.8 N 94 41 1.8 E 1,913 farmer storage

landrace Ko Poh Tha irrigated/transplanted

Apr Oct transplanted in Jun hilly/mountainous


common bean 10/16 Somra K038 25 21 54.8 N 94 41 1.8 E 1,913 farmer storage

landrace Mon Tei backyard May Oct hilly/mountainous


landrace Ye Lum Tha shifting Apr/May Oct hilly/mountainous


cucumber 10/16 Somra K038 25 21 54.8 N 94 41 1.8 E 1,913 farmer storage

landrace Yin Tei cultivation field Mar/Apr Oct fresh vegetables hilly/mountainous


landrace Ta Ka Pi irrigated/transplanted/terraced

Apr Oct transplanted in Jun/low land, semi waxy

hilly/mountainous


landrace Nao Tha Yung irrigated/transplanted/terraced

Apr Oct transplanted in Jun/glutinous/boiled or steamed/brew alchohol/Cake

hilly/mountainous


landrace Ra Cha Tha irrigated/transplanted/terraced

Mar Oct tyransplanted in Jun hilly/mountainous


landrace Ten Nee Tha irrigated/transplanted/terraced

Feb Oct transplanted in Jun/the best variety in Somra/high yield, hard texture, good flavor

hilly/mountainous


landrace Kanoa Kanwen Swen Poh

irrigated/transplanted/terraced

Mar Oct transplanted in Jun/aromatic waxy/mixed with other rice to add flavor

hilly/mountainous


landrace Ten Nee Tha Kare Poh

irrigated/transplanted/terraced

Mar Oct transplanted in Jun/semi waxy/simply cook

hilly/mountainous


landrace Kanoa Lun Rau irrigated/transplanted/terraced

Mar Oct transplanted in Jun/the best variety for brewing/also boiled or cooked or pasted/glutinous

hilly/mountainous


landrace Kaeha - Apo Tha irrigated/transplanted/terraced

Mar Oct transplanted in Jun/the hardest texture/blend with soft varieties/

hilly/mountainous


landrace Ti Kha Tha irrigated/transplanted/terraced

Mar Oct transplanted in Jun/blend with hard rice/soft texture/semi-glutinous

hilly/mountainous


landrace Khauk Chan irrigated/transplanted/terraced

Mar Oct transplanted in Jun/blend with hard rice/soft texture/semi-glytinous/from India?

hilly/mountainous


landrace Ara Tha irrigated/transplanted/terraced

Mar Oct transplanted in Jun/simply cook/red rice/from India?

hilly/mountainous



Mar Oct transplanted in Jun/simply cook/from India?

hilly/mountainous



Mar Oct transplanted in Jun/simply cook/good for clay soil

hilly/mountainous

77 257885 Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen

Job's tears 10/16 Somra K036 25 21 47.3 N 94 41 11.3 E 1,923 farmer storage

landrace Yee Tha shifting/backyard/edges of paddy fields

Mar Oct for brewing hilly/mountainous

78 257886 Vicia faba faba bean 10/16 Somra K036 25 21 47.3 N 94 41 11.3 E 1,923 farmer storage

landrace Mabou Muk Tei backyard, near potato field

Aug Nov-Mar Young pods and seeds for curry, or simply boiled

hilly/mountainous

79 257887 Elsholtzia blanda

elsholtzia basil


landrace Ni Pi Yen wherever fertile Mar Oct-Dec young leaves for flavoring curry.

hilly/mountainous


- 280 -

Col. No.*


dd





Harvest month




landrace Di Wa Thei wherever fertile Mar Aug simply toast if fresh/dried seeds are boild or fried.

hilly/mountainous


landrace Tha Va Nak Tei wherever fertile Mar/Apr Aug sweet, soft and big/the best variety

hilly/mountainous


landrace Bachak Kanoa wherever fertile Apr/May Oct/Nov brewed/cake, waxy starch hilly/mountainous


landrace Di Wa Thei Kati Poh

wherever fertile Mar Aug yellow corn/simply toast if fresh/dried seeds are boild or fried.

hilly/mountainous


perilla 10/16 Somra K036 25 21 47.3 N 94 41 11.3 E 1,923 farmer storage

landrace Kuk Twei border of maiz field

May Oct-Nov fry, pound and put into curry. hilly/mountainous

85 257893 Chenopodium bengalense

tree spinach 10/16 Somra K036 25 21 47.3 N 94 41 11.3 E 1,923 farmer storage

landrace Ka Tha Ngy in maiz or potato fields

Mar/Apr Nov/Dec C. giganteum?, C. formosanum? brewed/feeding pig

hilly/mountainous

86 257894 Cucurbita ficifolia

black seed squash


landrace Chi Rak Ma Thei borders of maiz/potato fields

Mar/Apr Sep-Dec young fruits for curry/seeds for fried nuts

hilly/mountainous


wild eggplant 10/16 Somra K036 25 21 47.3 N 94 41 11.3 E 1,923 farmer storage

landrace Ka Tha Tei Kanak Poh

wherever fertile Mar-May Aug-Nov used to be medicine for headache or cold/currently put into curry

hilly/mountainous

88 257896 Vigna hirtella wild bean 10/17 Pan Sat K040 25 21 50.1 N 94 41 15.4 E 1,369 wild wild mountainous89 257897 Vigna angularis

var. nipponensiswild azuki bean

10/17 Pan Sat K041 25 25 29.5 N 94 45 5.2 E 1,691 wild wild mountainous

90 257898 Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen

Job's tears 10/17 Shwe Pi Aye K043 25 22 8.2 N 94 48 34.3 E 1,578 farmland landrace shifting mountainous

91 257899 Cucumis hystrix

wild cucumber

10/18 Song Kem K049 25 25 37.4 N 95 0 53.6 E 798 wild wild roadside, on a cliff, near a waterfall

mountainous

92 257900 Trichosanthes tricuspidata

wild snake gourd

10/18 Song Kem K050 25 25 13.2 N 95 1 34.7 E 914 wild wild hilly

93 259849 Oryza sativa rice 10/18 Song Kem K051 25 25 26.6 N 95 1 46.4 E 941 farmer storage

landrace Chang Pel shifting May Oct simply cook hilly


cucumber 10/18 Song Kem K051 25 25 26.6 N 95 1 46.4 E 941 farmer storage

landrace Chan Mai shifting/backyard May Oct hilly

95 257902 Zea mays maize 10/18 Song Kem K051 25 25 26.6 N 95 1 46.4 E 941 farmer storage

landrace Kol Bu shifting May Sep toasted or bioled to eat hilly

96 257903 Glycine max soybean 10/18 Song Kem K051 25 25 26.6 N 95 1 46.4 E 941 farmer storage

landrace Be Kan shifting July Oct fermented/simply fried/powdered to make teamix

hilly


Chinese pepper

10/18 Song Kem K051 25 25 26.6 N 95 1 46.4 E 941 farmer storage

wild Shing Pa Ling wild Oct mixed with soybean before fermentation/spice

hilly

98 257905 Solanum melongena

eggplant 10/18 Song Kem K051 25 25 26.6 N 95 1 46.4 E 941 farmer storage

landrace Doh Del Shifting/Backyard May Sep-Mar for curry/simply fried hilly

99 257906 Glycine max soybean 10/18 Htamanthi K054 25 20 25.4 N 95 16 38.2 E 164 f a r m e r storage

landrace Coch Khe Luvt shifting/cultivation field

Jun/July (shifting), Mar (cultivation field)

Nov (shifting), Mar (cultivation field)

fermentd/half fermented, dried and added to curry

undulating


common bean 10/18 Htamanthi K054 25 20 25.4 N 95 16 38.2 E 164 farmer storage

landrace Khu Luv Mei cultivation field/backyard

Oct Nov-Dec can be harvested till Mar if planted on fertile soil. young pods as vegeables, seeds for curry.

undulating


common bean 10/18 Htamanthi K054 25 20 25.4 N 95 16 38.2 E 164 farmer storage

landrace Khu Luv Mei sifting/backyard/ Oct Dec can be harvested till Jan if planted on fertile soil. young pods as vegeables, sometimes mixed with fish. seeds are edible but not favored.

undulating


- 281 -

Col. No.*


dd





Harvest month




rice bean 10/18 Htamanthi K054 25 20 25.4 N 95 16 38.2 E 164 farmer storage

landrace Tsa Shie mostly shifting/Backyard

Jly/Aug Nov/Dec can be harvested till Mar/Apr if planted on fertile soil. nearly matured seeds for curry. matured seeds are boiled, mixed with chili and added to curry. or boiled and mixed with onion shoot.

undulating

103 257910 Arachis hipogaea

groundnut 10/18 Htamanthi K054 25 20 25.4 N 95 16 38.2 E 164 farmer storage

landrace Lei Tsa Shie river bed Dec/Jan Apr/May just as peanut undulating

104 257911 Phaseolus coccineus

runner bean 10/18 Htamanthi K054 25 20 25.4 N 95 16 38.2 E 164 farmer storage

landrace Pheot Phur Tei Tsa Shie

backyard Jun/Jly Mar only seeds are eaten. usually in curry.

undulating


edged gourd 10/18 Htamanthi K054 25 20 25.4 N 95 16 38.2 E 164 farmer storage

landrace Pan She Sei shifting/backyard Apr Jun-Sep for soup or stirfry undulating


10/18 Htamanthi K054 25 20 25.4 N 95 16 38.2 E 164 farmer storage

landrace Ve Phe Rak backyard, riverbank

Oct Oct-Jan leaves, shoots and flowers as vegetables

undulating


cowpea 10/18 Htamanthi K054 25 20 25.4 N 95 16 38.2 E 164 farmer storage

landrace Nyak Tei shifting Aug/Sep Nov/Dec long pod variety. young pods for curry and soup. seeds are not eaten.

undulating

108 257915 Camelia sinesis tea plant 10/18 Htamanthi K054 25 20 25.4 N 95 16 38.2 E 164 farmer storage

landrace Je Ha Sei in the forest/backyard

Oct spring and fall

sown in Oct. germinates when next rainy season begins. can be harvested 4-5 yrs later . keep harvesting until the tree dies.

undulating

109 257916 Gymnopetalum chinense

wild edged gourd

10/20 Homalin K055 24 51 52.8 N 94 54 58.3 E 134 local market

landrace Kyet Khawei Thee backyard vegetable plain level


Chinese pepper


landrace Ken Sein plain level


perilla 10/20 Homalin K055 24 51 52.8 N 94 54 58.3 E 134 local market

landrace Hnan Lone plain level

112 257919 Guizotia abyssinica

niger seeds 10/20 Homalin K055 24 51 52.8 N 94 54 58.3 E 134 local market

landrace So Hmone Net medicine plain level



landrace Hmone Nyin plain level


wild eggplant 10/20 Swei Kyar Pow


landrace Ma Kha Sel Anytime Anytime undulating


wild eggplant 10/20 Swei Kyar Pow


landrace Ma Khu Shap undulating


wild edged gourd

10/20 Swei Kyar Pow

K057 24 50 35.6 N 94 52 6.1 E 141 backyard landrace Ma Lai Se undulating


edged gourd 10/20 Swei Kyar Pow


landrace Ma Lai undulating

119 259850 Oryza sativa rice 10/20 Ket Tha K058 24 51 30.2 N 94 54 25.0 E 131 farmer storage

landrace Y w e t T h a y K a Lay

irrigated/transplanted

Jun Nov transplanted in Aug/simply cooked/sometimes blended

plain level

120 259851 Oryza sativa rice 10/20 Ket Tha K059 24 50 39.9 N 94 52 11.8 E 131 farmer storage

landrace Man Khan Phauk irrigated/transplanted

Nov Apr transplanted in Feb/simply cooked

undulating


10/20 Swe Kyar Pow Kone


landrace Pa Khat backyard/cultivation field

Aug/Sep Oct-Feb oil extraction (by company)/medicine

undulating Loam/Clay

122 257926 Raphanus sativus

radish 10/20 Swe Kyar Pow Kone


landrace Pa Khat Chin Ma backyard/cultivation field

Oct-Dec Feb/Mar young pods only undulating

123 257927 Sesamum indicum

sesame 10/20 Swe Kyar Pow Kone


landrace Nga Phap everywhere but paddy field

Sep/Oct Feb oil extraction/Sweets with sugar

undulating


wild eggplant 10/20 Swe Kyar Pow Kone

K059 24 50 39.9 N 94 52 11.8 E 131 backyard wild Ma Hain Khom naturally growing Oct (anytime)

medicine for liver disease undulating


wild eggplant 10/20 Swe Kyar Pow Kone

K059 24 50 39.9 N 94 52 11.8 E 131 backyard wild Ma Hain San naturally growing Anytime Cooked with bamboo shoot/curry

undulating

126 257930 Guizotia abyssinica

niger seeds 10/20 Swe Kyar Pow Kone


landrace Nga Mouk Ya riverbank Sep Dec oil extraction undulating


- 282 -

Col. No.*


dd





Harvest month



127 257931 Abelmoschus esculentus

okra 10/20 Swe Kyar Pow Kone


landrace Ma Lai Thun hilly field Jun/Jly Sep/Oct vegetable/when cultivated in lowland, seeded in Aug/Sep and harvested in Dec/Jan

undulating

128 257932 Momordica charantia

bitter gourd 10/21 Man Pan K061 24 51 44.4 N 94 56 20.0 E 128 backyard landrace Ma Khom Ka backyard, fence plain level


10/21 Man Pan K061 24 51 44.4 N 94 56 20.0 E 128 farmer storage

landrace Pa Khat backyard Oct Nov-Jan vegetable/pickles/oil extraction

plain level

130 257934 Coriandrum sativum

coriander 10/21 Man Pan K061 24 51 44.4 N 94 56 20.0 E 128 farmer storage

landrace Kyi Hom backyard Oct Jan/Feb herb plain level

131 257935 Zea mays maize 10/21 Man Pan K061 24 51 44.4 N 94 56 20.0 E 128 farmer storage

landrace Ka Pan San riverbank/hlly field

Oct Jan/Feb toast feresh ears/leaves and stems for feeding

plain level

132 257936 Zea mays maize 10/21 Man Pan K061 24 51 44.4 N 94 56 20.0 E 128 farmer storage

landrace Khauk Pa Phet riverbank/hlly field

Oct Jan/Feb toast feresh ears/leaves and stems for feeding, waxy

plain level


radish 10/21 Man Pan K061 24 51 44.4 N 94 56 20.0 E 128 farmer storage

landrace Ma Pa Khat riverbank Oct Dec/Jan young pods only plain level

134 257938 Hibisucus sabdariffa

roselle 10/21 Man Pan K061 24 51 44.4 N 94 56 20.0 E 128 farmer storage

landrace Chin Baung riverbank/backyard/hilly field

Oct Jan/Feb for curry, strifry, soups plain level


common bean 10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 farmer storage

landrace Mye Thaut cultivation field Sep Dec boiled/fermented plain level


cowpea 10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 farmer storage

landrace Thao Na Khaut lowland, not on fertile soil

Sep Nov young pods for curry/seeds are not ofrten eaten

plain level


10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 farmer storage

landrace Pa Khat backyard, lowland field

Oct Dec-Jan leaves and shoots as vegetables/oil extraction

plain level

138 257942 Brassica oleracea

Chinese broccoli

10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 farmer storage

landrace Kai Lan backyard/lowland field

Oct Dec-Jan leaves, shotts and flowers as vegetables

plain level

139 257943 Cucurbita moschata

pumpkin 10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 farmer storage

landrace Ma Pa Kham intercropping with common bean

Oct Jan/Feb curry, stirfry/leaves as vegetables/seeds as nuts

plain level

140 257944 Coriandrum sativum

coriander 10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 farmer storage

landrace Kyi Hom backyard, Lowland field

Anytime Anytime herb plain level


roselle 10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 farmer storage

landrace Chin Baung backyard, lowland field

Anytime Anytime leaves and fruit coats for curry, soups and stirfry

plain level

142 257946 Zea mays maize 10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 farmer storage

landrace Kau Phan San lowland field/Intercrop with legumes

Anytime wet

Feb fresh ears toasted/deried seeds for popcorn

plain level

143 257947 Lagenaria leucantha

bottle gourd 10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 farmer storage

landrace Nan Dan Mu anywhere (with pole)

Oct Dec shoots and fruits for curry, stirfry soups and fishpaste

plain level


edged gourd 10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 farmer storage

landrace Ma Ma Lai backyard Jun/Jly Jly/Aug vegetable plain level

145 257949 Trichosanthes dioica

pointed gourd 10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 wild wild Ma Ma Thom vegetable plain level

146 257950 Solanum lyciopersicum

tomato 10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 farmer storage

landrace Ma Pu Than Uh Se

vegetable plain level

147 257951 Abelmoschus esculentus

okra 10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 farmer storage

landrace Youm Pu Thi plain level


chili pepper 10/21 Yae Lai K062 24 51 43.5 N 94 56 52.0 E 121 farmer storage

landrace Pow Thu Tho vegetable plain level


edged gourd 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace plain level

150 257954 Pisum sativum pea 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace plain level

151 257955 Zea mays maize 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Khaut Pa Num trapping crop for ground nut

Nov Mar/Apr boiled or fried plain level

152 257956 Zea mays maize 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Khaut Pa Wan trapping crop for ground nut

Nov Mar/Apr boiled or fried/sweet corn plain level


- 283 -

Col. No.*


dd





Harvest month



153 257957 Brassica oleracea

Chinese broccoli

10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Pa Khat Kai Lan cultivation field Oct Feb vegetable plain level


10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Pa Khat cultivation field Oct Feb vegetable plain level


radish 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Ma Pa Khat cultivation field Oct Feb vegetable plain level

156 257960 Solanum melongena

eggplant 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Ma Khu anywhere Oct 2yrs vegetable plain level


roselle 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Chin Baung anywhere Anytime Anytime plain level

158 257962 Cucurbita moschata

pumpkin 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Ma Pa Kham anywhere Anytime anytime in rainy season, eat leaves. in dry season, eat matured fruits

plain level

159 257963 Anethum graveolens

dill 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Kyi La cultivation field Oct Nov herb/seeds harvested in Feb plain level

160 257964 Cicer arientinum

chickpea 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Ka La Pe cultivation field with ground nut

Nov/Dec Feb/Mar leaves as vegetable/seeds are boiled for soups or curry

plain level

161 257965 Arachis hypogaea

groundnut 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Tho Ning cultivation field after other legumes

Dec Apr/May oil extraction, peanut/small seed variety

plain level

162 257966 Arachis hypogaea

groundnut 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Tho A Nain cultivation field after other legumes

Dec Apr/May oil extraction, peanut/Large seed variety

plain level

163 257967 Lablab purpreus lablab bean 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Tho Tha near trees Oct Jan-Apr stirfry, curry plain level



landrace Tho Nga Mu near trees Oct Jan-Apr stirfry, curry plain level



landrace Tho Lu near trees Oct Jan-Apr stirfry, curry/seed coat should be removed because of bad smell

plain level

166 257970 Phaseolus lunatus

lima bean 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Tho Pa Pe near trees Sep Jan-Mar fresh seeds for stirfry/matured seeds are boiled and fried

plain level


common bean 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Tho No Sa Li cultivation field Sep Jan-Mar fresh seeds for stirfry/matured seeds are boiled and fried

plain level




landrace Tho No Khaut cultivation field Sep Jan-Mar fresh seeds for stirfry/matured seeds are boiled and fried

plain level




landrace Mye Thaut Khau cultivation field Sep Jan-Mar fresh seeds for stirfry/matured seeds are boiled and fried

plain level




landrace Pa Gan Pe cultivation field Sep Jan-Mar fresh seeds for stirfry/matured seeds are boiled and fried

plain level




landrace Tho Num cultivation field Sep Jan-Mar fresh seeds for stirfry/matured seeds are boiled and fried

plain level




landrace Bo Za Pe cultivation field Sep Jan-Mar fresh seeds for stirfry/matured seeds are boiled and fried/from India/determinate growth

plain level


cowpea 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Tho Na Khaut near trees Oct Nov-Apr young pods as vegetables/matured seeds are sometimes eaten

plain level


rice bean 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Tho A Khan cultivation field Sep/Oct Feb for selling plain level

175 257979 Vigna radiata mung bean 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Pe Thi Sein cultivatoin field Oct Feb bean sprout plain level

176 257980 Pisum sativum pea 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Se Tho Pe cultivatoin field Oct Feb bean sprout plain level

177 257981 Glycine max soybean 10/21 Nyaung Pin Tha


landrace Tho Pen Nu cultivation field Oct/Nov Feb boiled and pasted plain level


- 284 -

Col. No.*


dd





Harvest month



178 257982 Momordica balsamina

wild bitter gourd

10/21 Na None K064 24 52 21.5 N 94 52 53.5 E 130 backyard wild Ma Kum Kha plain level


wild edged gourd

10/21 Na None K064 24 52 21.5 N 94 52 53.5 E 130 backyard wild Ma Ma Kyi Kha plain level

180 257984 Trichosanthes cucumerina

snake gourd 10/21 Na None K064 24 52 21.5 N 94 52 53.5 E 130 backyard wild Ma Lai plain level

181 257985 Momordica subangulata?

wild bitter gourd

10/23 near Ywangan K069 21 17 38.6 N 96 22 42.1 E 1,278 on a roadside cliff

wild roadside cliff mountainous slope rocky loam moderate

182 257986 Trichosanthes tricuspidata

wild snake gourd

10/23 near Ywangan K070 21 15 18.8 N 96 25 28.0 E 1,380 on a roadside cliff

wild roadside cliff mountainous slope rocky loam moderate

183 257987 Vigna hirtella wild bean 10/24 near Kalaw K072 20 40 35.3 N 96 40 45.9 E 1,275 roadside wild hilly slope medium loam moderate184 257988 Vigna radiata

var. sublobatawild mung bean

10/24 near Kalaw K072 20 40 35.3 N 96 40 45.9 E 1,275 roadside wild hilly slope medium loam moderate

185 257989 Vigna hirtella wild azuki bean

10/24 near Pinglaung K076 20 12 59.3 N 96 50 11.8 E 1,376 roadside wild hilly slope medium clay moderate

186 257990 Vigna radiata var. sublobata

wild mung bean

9/9 Nay Pyi Taw K000 19 43 51.8 N 96 6 19.4 E 129 roadside wild plain level level low loam moderate

187 257991 Setaria italica foxtail millet 10/16 Somra K037 25 21 51.0 N 94 41 4.8 E 1,924 farmland landrace hilly/mountainous

slope none clay good


wild edged gourd

10/29 Pan Da Gone K080 17 20 33.3 N 96 10 30.8 E 22 roadside wild climbing on a tree plain level level low loam moderate

189 257993 Vigna trinervia wild mung bean

10/29 Bago K083 17 19 49.6 N 96 26 44.7 E 24 roadside wild undulating slope medium clay moderate

190 257994 Sesamum radiatum

wild sesame 10/29 Bago K084 17 17 47.5 N 96 27 19.3 E 28 roadside wild plain level level medium clay moderate

191 257995 Vigna trinervia wild mung bean

10/29 Bago K085 17 16 42.1 N 96 27 56.6 E 19 roadside wild plain level level medium loam moderate


Note: * Each collection is designated as COL/MYANMAR/2016/UT-NARO-DAR/Col. No.

- 285 -

Fig. 1. A white map of Myanmar (left), a colored and magnified map of Hkamti district (right), and maps of routes and collection sites indicated by waypoints on Google Maps (Google Inc.) during the field study October 2016; a) in Htamanthi village, Layshee township and Somra township of Sagaing Region, b) in Hommalin town and its vicinity in the Sagaing Region, c) in Taunggyi district of Shan State, and d) in Yangon/Bago area of Myanmar.

a)

b)

- 287 -

Fig. 1. (Continued).

c)

d)

- 289 -

Photograph 1. A distant view of Layshee town located on a sloping land at around 1,300 m above the sea level.

Photograph 2. Houses were sparsely builted on slopes at Somra town. Perilla was flowering when the team visited.

Photograph 3. A bulletin board was placed in the central zone of Somra town. Its roof end was decorated in Naga style.

Photograph 4. Slash- and-burn cultivation fields at Sapya (near K013). Rice was cultivated there as the staple crop, where tree spinach was mix-cropped. Taro, sweet potato, castor bean, papaya, sorghum, banana and others were grown nearby

Photograph 5. Rice terrace at Ye Taung Village (near K025) in an undulating places between Layshee and Somra, where rice bean was grown at the edge of the terraced field.

Photograph 6. Maize stalks after harvest were sometimes left in the fields and used as supporting poles for climbing leguminous crops like rice bean and common bean. Photograph was taken inside Layshee (at K010).

- 291 -

Photograph 7. Rice bean was grown on small fields near a stream in a valley.

Photograph 8. Yam petiole being dried under sun at Saein Pya village near Layshee (K019).

Photograph 9. Fagopyrum cymosum, a perennial wild relative of buckwheat occurred widely in village places and on roadside in highland of Sagaing Region.

Photograph 10. Vigna hirtella, a wild relative of Vigna species was found near houses and fields in Layshee town (K009).

Photograph 11. Vigna tenuicaulis, a wild relative of Vigna species formed a big population near a bridge across a stream in a valley (K027).

Photograph 12. Cucumis hystrix, a relative of cucumber, C. sativus and melon, C. melo was found on a roadside cliff (K049).

- 293 -

Photograph 13. Pointed gourd, Trichosanthes dioica, was climbing on a palm tree and bearing fruits in a farmer’s garden (K062). It was semi-cultivated rather than cultivated, but used as food materials, and sometimes sold at local market place.

Photograph 14. Basil was sporadically but widely grown in slash-and-burn cultivation fields and backyard gardens in Sagaing Region.

Photograph 15. Large populations of wild rice, Oryza rufipogon were found in southern Myanmar even near the biggest city Yangon. The photo was taken near Hlegu city in Yangon Division.

Photograph 16. Gymnopetalum chinense , wild edged gourd was found sporadically in various parts of Myanmar. The photo was taken at Pan Da Gone (K080)

Photograph 17. Sesamum radiatum, a wild ancestor of African cultivated sesame, S. radiatum and a wild relative of sesame, S. indicum occurred near Bago city (K083).

Photograph 18. Vigna trinervia , a wild relative of Vigna species occurred on the road side near Bago city (K085).

- 295 -


Collection and Conservation of Leguminous Crops andTheir Wild Relatives in Western Nepalfrom October 29 to November 10, 2016

Yu TAKAHASHI 1), Kazuhiro NEMOTO 2), Santosh SHARMA 3),Durga Man Singh DONGOL 4), Deepa Singh SHRESTHA 3),

Ganesh Datt JOSHI 3), Krishna Hari GHIMIRE 3), Bal Krishna JOSHI 3),Mina Nath PAUDEL 3), Norihiko TOMOOKA 1)

1) Genetic Resources Center (GRC), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan

2) Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan

3) National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center (NAGRC), Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), P.O. Box 3055, Kathmandu, Nepal

4) Food Research Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), P.O. Box 3055, Kathmandu, Nepal

Communicated by K. EBANA (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received Sep. 5, 2017, Accepted Jun. 26, 2018Corresponding author: N. TOMOOKA (Email: [email protected])

Summary

This is the first report on the collaborative collection and conservation of legume genetic resources in Nepal under the agreement between the National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center (NAGRC), Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Nepal, and the Genetic Resources Center (GRC), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan. Three wild Vigna species, Vigna hirtella Ridley (a close relative of azuki bean), Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcz. var. sublobata (Roxb.) Verdc. (wild ancestor of mung bean) and Vigna sahyadriana Aitawade, K. V. Bhat & S. R. Yadav (formerly recorded only from Northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India), were recorded for the first time in Nepal. In addition, Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi (wild ancestor of azuki bean) was recorded for the first time in Western Nepal.

A field survey was conducted in Western Nepal from October 29 to November 10, 2016. A total of 68 samples were recorded in Nepal and 67seed materials were collected (no seeds were collected for sample N62) and conserved in the gene bank at NAGRC, Nepal. A subset was transferred to the GRC

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(NARO Genebank), Japan, using the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGR). In Japan, introduced samples were separated and registered as 97 accessions (no seeds for N62) based on the differences of species (N25 contained Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo), seed coat colors and/or seed sizes. These accessions consisted of 15 species from eight genera, including soybean, common bean, azuki bean, mung bean, and the four wild Vigna species mentioned above. NARO Genebank plans to evaluate the growth characters of the collected materials and to propagate using these seeds in the summer of 2017. Multiplied seeds will be conserved and distributed upon request for agricultural research, breeding, and educational purposes.

KEY WORDS: legume, Vigna, genetic resources, collection, Nepal

IntroductionNepal exhibits extreme variations in topography, climate, and agriculture; therefore, living organisms

have become diversified in the course of adaptation to such environmental diversity (Gupta 2012). Nepal borders India and China, and is made up of three regions; the mountainous region (altitude: 3,000 - 8,848 m) in the north, the hilly region (altitude: 1,000 - 3,000 m) in the central part, and the Terai region (altitude: 60 - 1,000 m) in the south. Although climate depends on latitude, longitude, and altitude, the most dominant climate is Cwa - temperate with a dry winter and a hot summer, according to the Köppen climate classification (Karki et al. 2016, World maps of Köppen - Geiger climate classification). The Nepal investment guide 2016 stated that 81% of the Nepali population is Hindu; many residents are therefore vegetarians (Government of Nepal 2016). For this reason, legume crops are highly important as they constitute the main source of protein (Messina 2014). Based on the diverse agro-environmental conditions, and the importance of legume crops as the main protein source, considerable diversity in legume crops in Nepal is expected. We therefore undertook a collection of legume crops in Nepal.

Recently, the collection and conservation of wild relatives of crop plants have become increasingly important, because of their high potential as sources of biotic and abiotic stress-tolerance genes for breeding. However, many wild relatives of crop plants currently face high risk of extinction (Castañeda-Álvarez et al. 2016). To cope with this problem, the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew have launched the project “Crop Wild Relatives” in agreement with national and international gene banks. Considering the importance of wild relatives of crop plants in Nepal, the NAGRC, NARC, Nepal joined the project (https://www.cwrdiversity.org/malaysia-nepal-and-ghana-visits/). The information on the flora of Nepal can be obtained from the “Catalogue of Nepalese Flowering Plants” edited by the National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal. Based on this publication, only Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi was listed as a wild Vigna species in Nepal. Collection and conservation of wild Vigna plants are two of the main objectives of our collaborative survey in Nepal. This is the first report on the collaborative collection and conservation of legume genetic resources between the NARO Genebank, Japan, and NAGRC gene bank, Nepal.

MethodA field survey was conducted in Western Nepal from October 29 to November 10, 2016 (Table

1), just after the summer crops were harvested in the hilly region. The harvest of summer crops had not

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yet taken place in the Terai region. Bheri, Karnali, Dailekh, Seti and Mahakali Zones of Western Nepal were surveyed. During this survey, we collected leguminous crops from farmers and markets, as well as crop wild relatives of the genus Vigna, which we found in their natural habitat. We recorded the latitude, longitude, and altitude. Identification of the Vigna species was based on a taxonomic key (Tomooka et al. 2002; Aitawade et al. 2012).

Results and discussionIn all, 68 samples were recorded (no seeds for N62) in Nepal, and 67 seed materials were conserved

in the gene bank of NAGRC, Nepal (Table 2, Fig. 1). A subset was transferred to the GRC (NARO Genebank), Japan, using the SMTA of ITPGR. In Japan, introduced samples were separated and registered as 97 accessions based on the differences of species (N25 contained Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo), seed coat colors and/or seed sizes (Table 3). These accessions consisted in 15 species from eight genera, including soybean, common bean, azuki bean, mung bean, and 4 wild Vigna species - Vigna angularis var. nipponensis (wild ancestor of azuki bean), V. hirtella Ridley, V. radiata (L.) Wilcz. var. sublobata (Roxb.) Verdc. (wild ancestor of mung bean), and V. sahyadriana Aitawade, K. V. Bhat & S. R. Yadav. The altitude of the collection sites ranged from 140 to 2,359 m. Three crop wild relatives, Vigna hirtella, Vigna radiata var. sublobata and Vigna sahyadriana (formerly recorded only from Northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra,

District Zone27-Oct Haneda 00:30 -- (NH0849) -- 05:00 Bangkok 10:15 --

(TG319) -- 12:25 KathmanduKathmandu Bagmati

28-Oct visit NAGRC and prepare exploration Kathmandu Bagmati29-Oct Kathmandu 11:00 -- (Buddha air 405) -- 12:00 Nepalgunj Nepalgunj Bheri30-Oct Nepalgunj Nepalgunj Bheri31-Oct Nepalgunj -- (Tara air) -- Jumla Jumla Karnali01-Nov Jumla Jumla Karnali02-Nov Jumla - Dailekh Dailekh Dailekh03-Nov Dailekh - Nepalgunj Nepalgunj Bheri04-Nov Nepalgunj - Dhangadhi Dhangadhi Kailali05-Nov Dhangadhi - Dadeldhura Dadeldhura Seti06-Nov Dadeldhura - Baitadi Baitadi Mahakali07-Nov Baitadi - Dadeldhura Dadeldhura Seti08-Nov Dadeldhura -Dipayal - Dadeldhura Dadeldhura Seti09-Nov Dadeldhura - Dhangadhi Dhangadhi Kailali10-Nov Dhangadhi 13:30 -- (Buddha air 252) -- 14:45 Kathmandu Kathmandu Bagmati11-Nov NAGRC (seed cleaning, packing, making lists) Kathmandu Bagmati12-Nov NAGRC (seed cleaning, packing, making lists) Kathmandu Bagmati13-Nov NAGRC (seed cleaning, packing, making lists) Kathmandu Bagmati14-Nov Kathmandu 13:55 -- (TG320) -- 18:30 Bangkok 22:55 --

(NH0850) --on flight

15-Nov -- 06:30 Haneda, move to Tsukuba - --- : travel by air plane, flight number indicated in the parenthesis - : travel by car

Date Itinerary StayTable 1. Itinerary of the field survey in Western Nepal, 2016

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Intermediate form Wild form

Cicer arietinum (chick pea) 1 - - 1 1Glycine max (soybean) 12 - - 12 19Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean) 2 - - 2 3Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) 1 - - 1 1Lens culinaris (lentil) 1 - - 1 1Macrotyloma uniflorum (horse gram) 1 - - 1 1Phaseolus coccineus (scarlet runner bean) 1 - - 1 2Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) 11 - - 11 22Vigna angularis (azuki bean) 4 - 4 8 9Vigna mungo (black gram) 9 - - 9 9Vigna hirtella (wild relative of azuki bean) - - 1 1 1Vigna radiata (mung bean) 2 - 1 3 5Vigna sahyadriana (wild relative of mung bean) - - 1 1 1Vigna umbellata (rice bean) 3 1 - 4 8Vigna unguiculata (cowpea / yardlong bean) 11 - - 11 14Total 59 1 7 67 97

Scientific name (common name) Crop(Cultivated)

Naturally growing plant No. ofsamples

collected inNepal

No. ofaccessions in

NAROgenebank *

* When collected samples were registered as accessions at NARO Genebank, Japan, some samples were separated based on species, seedcolor, and seed size.

Table 2. Number of collected samples in Western Nepal and accessions registard at NARO Genebank, Japan

N08-15

N03~07

N16-18

India

China

Seti ZoneMahakaliZone

Karnali Zone

Bheri Zone

N57-61

N55, 56

N62, 64-67

N19-27

N28-29

N30

N32, 33

N47, 48

N46N44, 45

N38-41

N43

N63

N49, 50

N51-53

N68

N01, 02

N31

N34-37

N42

Apti Zone

Jumla

Manma

Dailekh

Surkhet

Nepalgunj

Dhangadhi

Dadeldhura

Baitadi

Dipayal

Fig. 1. Collection map in Western Nepal (collection site of N54, not shown, It is was between Dadeldhura and Baitadi)

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India, Aitawade et al. 2012), were found for the first time in Nepal (Rajbhandari et al. 2011). In addition, Vigna angularis var. nipponensis was collected for the first time in Western Nepal.

We next describe the details of each collection (Table 3) and summarize the characteristics of each species collected.

CropsGlycine max (L.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amb.: 274 (1917): Soybean

Soybean is an annual legume crop domesticated in East Asia from a wild ancestor, Glycine max (L.) Merr. subsp. soja (Sieb. & Zucc.) Ohashi (= Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.). It is cultivated mainly in Asian and American countries. Its wild ancestor has a twinning habit, dormant seeds, shattering pods, and blackish flat small seeds, while soybean has domestication traits, such as an erect habit, non-dormant seeds, non-shattering pods, and roundish larger seeds of various colors.

Soybean collections in this survey included traditional and modern cultivars. Their 100-seed weight ranged from 5.3 to 39.1 g. Sample ‘N17’, collected in Jumla, has the smallest seeds with blackish and flat morphology (Seed Photograph N17). In Jumla, a traditional cultivar with a twinning tendency was found, which had already been harvested and used as cattle feeds (Photograph 1). It appears to have had shattering pods because dried pods exhibited a strong twist (Photograph 2). As described above, although traditional cultivars with primitive traits were found in the hilly region, modern cultivars were sold in the markets of Kathmandu and Nepalgunj (Photograph 3).

Phaseolus vulgaris L., Sp. Pl.: 723 (1753): Common beanCommon bean is an annual legume crop that has been domesticated at least twice, in Mesoamerica,

and in South America, from a wild ancestor, Phaseolus vulgaris var. aborigineus (Burk.) Baudet. (Schmutz et al. 2014). Partly because of independent domestication at two different locations, common bean shows extreme variations for seed size. It is cultivated mainly in Africa and the Americas.

In Jumla, common beans with different seed-coat color (N-8) were sold together in the same sack (Photograph 4). This sample was separated into seven accessions in Japan, based on seed-coat color (Seed Photograph N8-1 - N8-7). Similarly, a common bean that was piled up for drying beside a farm house also showed various seed-coat colors (Photograph 5). Farmers appeared to cultivate common bean plants with different seed colors together in the same field.

In Jumla, the regional office of NARC performs breeding of common bean and distributes selected lines to local farmers (Photograph 6). Even in rural areas, the use of modern cultivars seems to be increasing and replacing traditional cultivars. Consequently, the collection and preservation of traditional common bean cultivars have become urgent tasks to facilitate future breeding.

Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 44: 29 (1969): Azuki beanAzuki bean is an annual legume crop domesticated in East Asia from the wild ancestor, Vigna

angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi (Tomooka et al. 2014). This species seems to have the highest level of cold-tolerance among Vigna crops, judging from its geographical distribution. Azuki bean is cultivated even in the areas classified as Dfb, Warm-summer humid continental climate, in the Köppen climate classification (for example, in Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan).

In this survey, azuki bean was found only in the hilly region. Four samples were collected from

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Jumla and Baitadi districts. In Jumla, farmers stocked red and pale brown azuki bean seeds mixed together (N16-1, N16-2). In Baitadi, azuki bean with pale brown seeds was sold in local shop (N55 and N57). One hundred-seed weight ranged from 5.2 - 6.2 g. In both areas, azuki bean was called ‘guras’. The altitude of collection sites ranged from 1,616 to 2,305 m, and these areas are classified as Cwa, Monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate, or Cwb, Subtropical highland climate or temperate oceanic climate with dry winters, according to the Köppen climate classification (Karki et al. 2016).

In our former study on azuki bean SSR and morphological diversity (Xu et al. 2008), azuki bean accessions from Eastern Nepal and Western Nepal showed different SSR profiles and seed morphology. Azuki bean accessions from Eastern Nepal showed similar SSR and seed morphology to those from Bhutan. This group showed a unique SSR profile and small red or tan seed. In contrast, accessions from Western Nepal showed SSR profile similar to Chinese accessions, and seeds were larger with a pale, creamy yellow seed-coat. This result indicates that azuki bean accessions from Western Nepal reported in that study are cultivars recently introduced from China. Therefore, Xu et al. (2008) have considered that the westernmost traditional azuki bean cultivation area is Eastern Nepal.

However, seed size and seed-coat color of the azuki bean accessions collected in this survey seem to be similar to those of Eastern Nepal - Bhutan group. This suggested that traditional azuki bean cultivation expanded to Western Nepal (up to Baitadi where ‘N57’ was collected). As the Indian Himalaya area neighboring Western Nepal has a similar climate and formerly belonged to Nepal, it is possible that traditional cultivars of azuki bean are also cultivated in this area (Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh provinces, India). We believe we should conduct an exploration for azuki bean genetic resources in northern India, in the areas classified as Cwa and Cwb, according to the Köppen climate classification.

Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Kew Bull. 11:128 (1956): Black gramBlack gram was domesticated in India from the wild ancestor V. mungo var. silvestris Lukoki,

Maréchal & Otoul (Chandel et al. 1984). According to the herbarium specimen survey in Europe, wild black gram has not been collected in Nepal (Tomooka et al. 2002).

In this survey, we confirmed black gram cultivation in both Terai and hilly regions (within an altitude range from 172 to 2,295 m). In the Terai region, it was cultivated on the ridge of a paddy field (N47, Bardiya district). As plants were still at the pre-mature stage, we could not collect seed samples. However, we did seed harvested seeds stored in farm storage in the hilly region (Jumla, Kalikot, Dailekh districts). In Dadeldhura district (hilly region), harvested plants were hung on a tree beside the farmland for drying (N65). The community seed bank manager at Dadeldhura told us that farmers in this area grew black gram, but not mung bean, because the area is too cold for mung bean production.

In the market in Nepalgunj, we purchased seed samples of several kinds of beans. The price of black gram was 220 Rs/kg, which is higher than that of soybean (100 Rs/kg), common bean (140 Rs/kg) and mung bean (200 Rs/kg). The price of chickpea was the highest (300 Rs/kg) in this market. The shopkeeper told us that chickpea price was high at this time (Tihar festival), because this bean is used in the Tihar celebrations.

Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek, Fl. Congo Belge 6: 386 (1954): Mung beanMung bean is an annual legume crop domesticated in Southern Asia from wild ancestor Vigna

radiata (L.) Wilcz. var. sublobata (Roxb.) Verdc. (Sangiri et al. 2007). It is cultivated throughout Africa,

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Asia, and Oceania. Because it has high drought tolerance and needs only a short growing period to reach maturity, it is used as a component crop in various cropping systems. The 100-seed weight of the cultivars with the largest seeds in the world is approximately 10 g.

Three samples were collected. One sample (N3) was collected from a local market in Nepalgunj. It has a shiny green seed coat. The other two samples (three accessions) were collected from a farmer stock in Jumla district (N24-1, N24-2, N25-1). They have green, green with black mottle and black seeds, respectively. The 100-seed weight of the mung bean samples collected in this survey ranged from 1.9 to 3.4 g. Since the wild ancestor has a 100-seed weight of 1 to 3 g, seed size of mung bean has not increased much in Western Nepal. Nonetheless, these primitive cultivars may have some desirable traits such as disease, drought, and/or low-temperature tolerance.

Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 44:31 (1969): Rice beanRice bean is believed to have been domesticated in Southeast Asia and is cultivated in South,

Southeast Asia, and on the Pacific islands (Duke 1981; Isemura et al. 2010, 2011). Wild rice bean distributes naturally from southern China through the north of Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand into Myanmar and India (FOSRIN project web page, Ohashi et al. 1988). Based on the genetic diversity study using SSR markers, Nepal is one of the worldwide diversity centers for domesticated rice bean (Tian et al. 2013). Tian et al. (2013) also clarified that many accessions from western regions were quite distinct from any other, and formed a specific group. These Nepalese accessions could be considered a unique gene source for rice bean breeding. In contrast, eastern Nepalese accessions showed SSR profiles similar to those of Southeast Asian rice beans.

In this survey, we found several plants (N64) growing naturally on a roadside slope near Dadeldhura (altitude 1,142 m). The plants produced seeds with different seed-coat color and seed size (Seed photograph, N64-1, 64-2, 64-3). This population seemed to be a hybrid swarm between wild and domesticated plants. For domesticated rice bean, we collected harvested seed samples from farm storages (N33, N37, N40) in the hilly region (Kalikot district, altitudes 1,142 - 1,550 m). In contrast, rice bean plants cultivated in the Terai region, by mixed cropping with sorghum or grown on a ridge of a paddy field, were still at the pre-mature stage.

Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., Rep. I:779 (1842): Cowpea & Yard long beanCowpea was domesticated in Africa from V. unguiculata subsp. dekindtiana (Harms) Verdc. (Ng and

Maréchal 1985). The diversity center of domesticated cowpea is located in Central and West Africa, and its cultivation spread to Asia in ancient times. Maréchal et al. (1978) described four cultivar groups, of which the following three were cultivated in Asia, 1) V. unguiculata cv-gr. Unguiculata E. Westphal, mainly used as dry seeds, 2) V. unguiculata cv-gr. Biflora E. Westphal, which has short pods and small seeds, 3) V. unguiculata cv-gr. Sesquipedalis E. Westphal (yard long bean), which has long soft pods used as vegetable. However, in our experience, there are cultivars that are difficult to assign to a certain cultivar group. Among the 11 samples collected, we classified nine samples as cv-gr. Unguiculata and two samples as cv-gr. Sesquipedalis.

We observed cowpea and yard long bean cultivation in the Terai region. On the other hand, as the summer cropping season had already ended, we did not see cultivation of cowpea or yard long bean in the hilly region; nonetheless, although we could not confirm where seeds were produced, we did collect

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cowpea seed samples from local markets in this region.

Other cropsIn addition to the above, we collected chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lablab bean (Lablab purpureus

(L.) Sweet), grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) and scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) (Tables 2 and 3).

Wild VignaVigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 44: 30 (1969): Wild ancestor of azuki bean

Vigna angularis var. nipponensis is a wild legume characterized by its yellow flowers, curved keel, hypogeal germination, petiolate cordate-shaped primary leaves, hairy leaves, hairless pods, and grayish brown seeds with black spots (Tomooka et al. 2002). Based on these traits, it is classified in the section Angulares in the subgenus Ceratotropis. Vigna angularis var. nipponensis has a twinning habit, dormant seeds, shattering pods, and smaller seeds.

Vigna angularis var. nipponensis showed phenotypic variation among samples in Western Nepal. They inhabited rocky roadside slopes and pine-forests floor, where grasses grow (Photographs 8 and 9). Pod lengths ranged from 4.7 ± 0.3 to 6.5 ± 0.5 cm (Photograph 10). The darkness of their seed coats differed among samples (Fig. 2). Accession ‘N43’ produced short pods ranging from 1 to 2 cm near the soil surface (Photograph 11). It seems that they produce bi-morphic pods, long pods on aerial shoots and short pods on lateral shoots near ground level. Bi-morphic pods of this type were reported in Vigna yadavii S. P. Gaikward, R. D. Gore, S. D. Randive & K. U. Garad and Vigna pandeyana RD Gore, SP Gaikwad & SD Randive (Gaikwad et al. 2014, 2015). This bi-morphic pod production might result from adaptation to the slope habitat. In other words, by producing short pods near the soil surface (or sometimes under the ground), plants emerged from seeds of short pods might be able to grow at the same site even in the steep habitat where dispersed seeds are likely to roll down.

N28 N30 N31 N43 N68Fig. 2. Seeds of V. angularis var. nipponensis (N28, 30, 31, 43) and V. hirtella (N68). Scale bar = 1mm

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Vigna hirtella Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10: 132. (1920)Vigna hirtella was recorded for the first time in Nepal in this survey. We found one population of

V. hirtella ‘N68’ at an altitude of 1,428 m. V. hirtella plants were growing on a slope along a hill trail near Phaltude in Doti district (Photograph 12). They had ovate acuminate leaflets and hairy stems which were twinning on other plants in a bush (Photograph 13). They had long pods (8.4 ± 0.4 cm) (Photograph 14) and a short seed hilum, compared to V. angularis var. nipponensis (Fig. 2).

The taxonomic treatment of V. hirtella is still confusing. Based on the molecular studies of the accessions currently conserved as V. hirtella in the NARO genebank, it was suggested that V. hirtella is a species complex consisting of 3 groups (Seehalak et al. 2006; Tomooka et al. 2006; Chankaew et al. 2014). It is therefore necessary to reveal whether clear morphological differences exist among these groups differentiated at the molecular level.

Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcz. var. sublobata (Roxb.) Verdc. Kew Bull. 24:559 (1970): Wild ancestor of mung bean

Vigna radiata var. sublobata is a wild ancestor of mung bean. This wild legume is found in Africa, Asia, and Oceania. However, it has not been reported in Nepal (Tomooka et al. 2002). It is characterized by its pale greenish yellow flowers, curved keel, epigeal germination, petiolate lanceolate primary leaves, hairy leaves, and pods, as well as a blackish, rough seed coat. Wild mung bean is considered a useful genetic resource for mung bean breeding, since it has wide geographical distribution and has adapted to diverse environments.

In this survey, we found two V. radiata var. sublobata populations for the first time in Nepal. The collection site was a roadside slope east of Dadeldhura, in Dadeldhura district. The altitudes were 1,022 m and 1,114 m, respectively. On these sites, the plants were at post maturity stage, thus, many of their seeds had already dispersed due to pod shattering (Photograph 15). Thereforeor, we collected only nine shriveled seeds for ‘N66’, and none for ‘N62’.

Vigna sahyadriana Aitawade, K. V. Bhat & S. R. Yadav, Rheedea 22: 1 (2012): Wild relative of black gram and mung bean

In this survey, a population of V. sahyadriana (‘N29’) was identified for the first time in Nepal. V. sahyadriana is a wild legume recently described in India by Aitawade et al. (2012), who reported that its distribution was confined to the Northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India. This species is most closely related to black gram (V. mungo), based on the DNA sequence analysis (Takahashi et al. 2016).

Plants of V. sahyadriana were found on a rocky roadside slope along a valley in Kalikot district. They had hairy pods, peltate lanceolate stipules and a developed seed hilum (Photograph 16). Our discovery expanded the geographical distribution of V. sahyadriana much further northeast than previously thought (Takahashi et al. 2016).

Useful traits of V. sahyadriana have not been studied yet. For this reason, we are going to evaluate its growth characteristics and stress tolerances.

Future perspectivesSince this survey was conducted in late autumn (late October to early November), summer crops had

been harvested and many wild plants were at the post-maturity stage or had already dried out in the hilly

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region. Thus, it was too late to observe crops cultivated in the fields and to collect mature seeds of wild legumes. Therefore, we propose that late September to early October is an appropriate time for exploration and collection of legumes in the hilly region in Western Nepal. In contrast, in the Terai region, some leguminous crops, such as rice bean and black gram, did not reach the maturity stage, and we therefore could not collect mature seeds. Therefore, mid-November to late November would be a more suitable time for collection of summer legumes in this region.

The 68 samples collected in this survey were conserved at the NAGRC genebank, Nepal and a subset was transferred to the NARO Genebank, Japan under the SMTA. NARO Genebank plans to multiply the seeds during the summer in 2017, and to conserve them as genetic resources for research and breeding programs.

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Schmutz J, McClean PE, Mamidi S, Wu GA, Cannon SB, Grimwood J, Jenkins J, Shu S, Song Q, Chavarro C, Torres-Torres M, Geffroy V, Moghaddam SM, Gao D, Abernathy B, Barry K, Blair M, Brick MA, Chovatia M, Gepts P, Goodstein DM, Gonzales M, Hellsten U, Hyten DL, Jia G, Kelly JD, Kudrna D, Lee R, Richard MM, Miklas PN, Osorno JM, Rodrigues J, Thareau V, Urrea CA, Wang M, Yu Y, Zhang M, Wing RA, Cregan PB, Rokhsar DS, Jackson SA (2014) A reference genome for common bean and genome-wide analysis of dual domestications. Nat Genet 46: 707-713.

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Tomooka N, Isemura T, Naito K, Kaga A, Vaughan D (2014) Vigna species. In: Broadening the genetic base of grain legumes. Singh M, Bisht IS, Dutta M (eds.), Springer, New York, pp. 175-208.

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World maps of Köppen - Geiger climate classification. [http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/]. (accessed 15 August, 2017).Xu HX, Jing T, Tomooka N, Kaga A, Isemura T, Vaughan D (2008) Genetic diversity of the azuki bean

(Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi) gene pool as assessed by SSR markers. Genome 51: 728-738.

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ネパール西部におけるマメ科作物およびその近縁野生種の収集・保全，

2016年 10月 29日～ 11月 10日

高橋有 1)・根本和洋 2)・Santosh SHARMA 3)・Durga Man Singh DONGOL 4)・Deepa Singh SHRESTHA 3)・Ganesh Datt JOSHI 3)・ Krishna Hari GHIMIRE 3)・

Bal Krishna JOSHI 3)・Mina Nath PAUDEL 3)・友岡憲彦 1)

1) 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構遺伝資源センター2) 信州大学大学院農学研究科3) ネパール農業研究評議会国立農業遺伝資源センター4) ネパール農業研究評議会食品研究部門

和文摘要　これはネパール農業研究評議会（NARC）国立農業遺伝資源センター（NAGRC）と農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構（NARO）遺伝資源センター（GRC）との合意に基づき，ネパールにおいて実施したマメ科植物遺伝子資源の共同収集および保全に関する最初の報告である．本共同探索において，3 種類のササゲ属野生種，Vigna hirtella Ridley（アズキの近縁種），Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcz. var. sublobata (Roxb.) Verdc. （リョクトウの祖先野生種）および Vigna sahyadriana Aitawade, K. V. Bhat ＆ S. R. Yadav（これまでに，この種はインドマハラシュトラ州北西ガーツ山脈においてのみ確認されている．）をネパールで初めて確認した．また，ネパール西部において，Vigna angularis （Willd.） Ohwi & Ohashi var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi （アズキの祖先野生種）も初めて確認した．　10 月 29 日から 11 月 10 日までのネパール西部における現地探索において，合計 68 のマメ科植物遺伝資源を発見し，種子が得られなかった N62 を除く 67 の遺伝資源を NAGRC のジーンバンクに入庫した．そのサブセットを食料及び農業のための植物遺伝資源に関する国際条約の標準材料移転契約に基づき，GRC（NARO ジーンバンク）に移管した．日本において，種（N25 はリョクトウとケツルアズキを含んでいた），種皮色や種子サイズの違いに基づいて，導入した 67

の遺伝資源を 97 系統に分類し，これらをジーンバンクに登録した．本探索において，ダイズ，インゲンマメ，アズキ，リョクトウおよび上記 4 種のササゲ属野生種を含む 8 属の 15 種の遺伝資源を収集した．NARO のジーンバンクでは，2017 年夏季にこれら遺伝資源の生育特性を評価するとともに，これらの種子を増殖する計画である．増殖した種子は保存し，農業研究，育種および教育目的のために配布する計画である．

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Table 3. Passport data of plant materials collected or recorded in Western Nepal, 2016No. Col.

No.JP No.

(Accession No.)Scientific Name Local Name Col. Date Status Col. Site Latitude Longitude Altitude

(m)Remarks

1 N1 257502 Vigna unguiculata Kartik Bodi 2016/10/30 Landrace south of the airport, farmland, Manikapur, Nepalgunj

N28-5-46.00 E81-39-54.40 155 Kartik is a name of month (October-November), longer pod compared with JP257503, soft pod

2 N2-1 257503 Vigna unguiculata Hiude Bodi 2016/10/30 Landrace south of the airport, farmland, Manikapur, Nepalgunj

N28-5-45.87 E81-39-54.29 155 Hiude means winter, bodi means bean, shorter pod compared with JP257502, soft pod, larger seeds compared with N2-2

3 N2-2 257504 Vigna unguiculata Hiude Bodi 2016/10/30 Landrace south of the airport, farmland, Manikapur, Nepalgunj

N28-5-45.87 E81-39-54.29 155 Hiude means winter, bodi means bean, shorter pod compared with JP257502, soft pod, smaller seeds compared with N2-1

4 N3 257505 Vigna radiata Mung 2016/10/31 Landrace Nepalgunj market, Nepalgunj N28-3-01.82 E81-37-08.58 152 200 Rs/kg, small seeds5 N4 257506 Cicer arietinum Chana 2016/10/31 Landrace Nepalgunj market, Nepalgunj N28-3-01.82 E81-37-08.58 152 300Rs/kg. Expensive because this bean is used during

on-going festival (Tihar)6 N5 257507 Glycine max Bhatamas 2016/10/31 Landrace Nepalgunj market, Nepalgunj N28-3-01.82 E81-37-08.58 152 100Rs/kg7 N6 257508 Vigna mungo Mas 2016/10/31 Landrace Nepalgunj market, Nepalgunj N28-3-01.82 E81-37-08.58 152 220Rs/kg8 N7 257509 Phaseolus vulgaris Simi 2016/10/31 Landrace Nepalgunj market, Nepalgunj N28-3-01.82 E81-37-08.58 152 140 Rs/kg9 N8-1 257510 Phaseolus vulgaris Jumli Simi 2016/10/31 Landrace Jumla market, Jumla N29-16-32.92 E82-10-59.18 2,357 slopy land, black seeds separated from N-8 sample10 N8-2 258006 Phaseolus vulgaris Jumli Simi 2016/10/31 Landrace Jumla market, Jumla N29-16-32.92 E82-10-59.18 2,357 Jumla market, slopy land, pale brown seeds separated from

N-8 sample11 N8-3 258007 Phaseolus vulgaris Jumli Simi 2016/10/31 Landrace Jumla market, Jumla N29-16-32.92 E82-10-59.18 2,357 slopy land, red seeds separated from N8 sample12 N8-4 258008 Phaseolus vulgaris Jumli Simi 2016/10/31 Landrace Jumla market, Jumla N29-16-32.92 E82-10-59.18 2,357 slopy land, purple mottled seeds separated from N8 sample13 N8-5 258009 Phaseolus vulgaris Jumli Simi 2016/10/31 Landrace Jumla market, Jumla N29-16-32.92 E82-10-59.18 2,357 slopy land, brown mottled seeds separated from N8 sample14 N8-6 258010 Phaseolus vulgaris Jumli Simi 2016/10/31 Landrace Jumla market, Jumla N29-16-32.92 E82-10-59.18 2,357 slopy land, red mottled seeds separated from N8 sample15 N8-7 258011 Phaseolus vulgaris Jumli Simi 2016/10/31 Landrace Jumla market, Jumla N29-16-32.92 E82-10-59.18 2,357 slopy land, grayish brown seeds separated from N8 sample16 N9 257511 Glycine max Bhatta 2016/10/31 Landrace Jumla market, Jumla N29-16-32.92 E82-10-59.18 2,357 slopy land terrace around rice land17 N10-1 257512 Phaseolus coc-

cineusGhogate Simi 2016/10/31 Landrace Jumla city, in front of house, Jumla N29-16-32.21 E82-11-01.48 2,359 pale purple with black mottled seeds separated from N-10

sample, ornamental18 N10-2 258012 Phaseolus coc-

cineusGhogate Simi 2016/10/31 Landrace Jumla city, in front of house, Jumla N29-16-32.21 E82-11-01.48 2,359 white with purple mottled seeds separated from N-10 sample,

ornamental19 N11-1 257513 Glycine max Sieto (White) Bhatta 2016/10/31 Landrace farmer's storage, Jumla city, Jumla N29-16-26.69 E82-11-00.95 2,350 large round seeds separated from N-11 sample20 N11-2 258013 Glycine max Sieto (White) Bhatta 2016/10/31 Landrace farmer's storage, Jumla city, Jumla N29-16-26.69 E82-11-00.95 2,350 middle size oval seeds separated from N-11 sample21 N11-3 258014 Glycine max Sieto (White) Bhatta 2016/10/31 Landrace farmer's storage, Jumla city, Jumla N29-16-26.69 E82-11-00.95 2,350 small size oval seeds separated from N-11 sample22 N12-1 257514 Phaseolus vulgaris - 2016/10/31 Landrace farmer's storage, Jumla city, Jumla N29-16-26.69 E82-11-00.95 2,350 black seeds separated from N-12 sample23 N12-2 258015 Phaseolus vulgaris - 2016/10/31 Landrace farmer's storage, Jumla city, Jumla N29-16-26.69 E82-11-00.95 2,350 red seeds separated from N-12 sample24 N12-3 258016 Phaseolus vulgaris - 2016/10/31 Landrace farmer's storage, Jumla city, Jumla N29-16-26.69 E82-11-00.95 2,350 white with red mottled seeds separated from N-12 sample25 N12-4 258017 Phaseolus vulgaris - 2016/10/31 Landrace farmer's storage, Jumla city, Jumla N29-16-26.69 E82-11-00.95 2,350 red mottled seeds separated from N-12 sample26 N12-5 258018 Phaseolus vulgaris Kalo (Black) Male (Mottled)

Simi2016/10/31 Landrace farmer's storage, Jumla city, Jumla N29-16-26.69 E82-11-00.95 2,350 black mottled seeds separated from N-12 sample, higher yield

compared with improved red colored variety27 N13 257515 Phaseolus vulgaris KBL-8 2016/10/31 Landrace NARC local station, Jumla N29-16-19.80 E82-10-40.95 2,342 white seeds with red color around hilum28 N14 257516 Phaseolus vulgaris KBL-5 2016/10/31 Landrace NARC local station, Jumla N29-16-19.80 E82-10-40.95 2,342 brown seeds, bush type29 N15 257517 Phaseolus vulgaris KBL-3 2016/10/31 Landrace NARC local station, Jumla N29-16-19.80 E82-10-40.95 2,342 moth green shiny seeds30 N16-1 257518 Vigna angularis Guras 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Nuwaghar, Jumla N29-14-51.68 E82-06-44.35 2,297 red seeds separated from N-16 sample, bushy (very short).

seeding: March to April, harvest: end of October, making dhal31 N16-2 258019 Vigna angularis Guras 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Nuwaghar, Jumla N29-14-51.68 E82-06-44.35 2,297 white seeds separated from N-16 sample, bushy (very short).

seeding: March to April, harvest: end of October, making dhal32 N17 257519 Glycine max Kalo Bhatta 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Nuwaghar, Jumla N29-14-51.68 E82-06-44.35 2,297 grow in finger millet field, crawling. making dhal.

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Table 3. (Continued).No. Col.

No.JP No.


(m)Remarks

33 N18-1 257520 Glycine max Bhatta 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Nuwaghar, Jumla N29-14-51.68 E82-06-44.35 2,297 black seeds separated from N-18 sample, around rice field. roast and eat. In winter time, it makes body hot.

34 N18-2 258020 Glycine max Bhatta 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Nuwaghar, Jumla N29-14-51.68 E82-06-44.35 2,297 round yellow with black hilum seeds separated from N-18 sample, around rice field. roast and eat. In winter time, it makes body hot.

35 N18-3 258021 Glycine max Bhatta 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Nuwaghar, Jumla N29-14-51.68 E82-06-44.35 2,297 round yellow with brown hilum seeds separated from N-18 sample, around rice field. roast and eat. In winter time, it makes body hot.

36 N18-4 258022 Glycine max Bhatta 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Nuwaghar, Jumla N29-14-51.68 E82-06-44.35 2,297 small oval yellow seeds separated from N-18 sample, around rice field. roast and eat. In winter time, it makes body hot.

37 N19 257521 Phaseolus vulgaris Simi 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Babira-4, Tatopani, Jumla

N29-14-21.0 E82-4-20.40 2,295 Mr. Prem Bahadur Budha, a raod side village on slope, black seeds

38 N20 257522 Vigna angularis Guras 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Babira-4, Tatopani, Jumla

N29-14-21.0 E82-4-20.40 2,295 Mr. Prem Bahadur Budha, farmer's storage, a raod side village on slope, pale brown seeds

39 N21 257523 Glycine max Bhatta 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Babira-4, Tatopani, Jumla

N29-14-21.0 E82-4-20.40 2,295 Mr. Prem Bahadur Budha, a raod side village on slope, pale brown seeds

40 N22 257524 Glycine max Bhatta 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Babira-4, Tatopani, Jumla

N29-14-21.0 E82-4-20.40 2,295 Mr. Prem Bahadur Budha, a raod side village on slope, brown seeds

41 N23 257525 Macrotyloma uniflorum

Gahat 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Babira-4, Tatopani, Jumla

N29-14-21.0 E82-4-20.40 2,295 Mr. Prem Bahadur Budha, a raod side village on slope, dhal, also medical use (kidney)

42 N24-1 257526 Vigna radiata Mung 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Babira-4, Tatopani, Jumla

N29-14-21.0 E82-4-20.40 2,295 green seeds separated from N-24 sample, Mr. Prem Bahadur Budha, a raod side village on slope


N29-14-21.0 E82-4-20.40 2,295 black mottled seeds separated from N-24 sample, Mr. Prem Bahadur Budha, a raod side village on slope


N29-14-21.0 E82-4-20.40 2,295 Vigna radiata (black) separated from N-25 sample (black gram), Mr. Prem Bahadur Budha, a raod side village on slope

45 N25-2 257528 Vigna mungo Mas 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Babira-4, Tatopani, Jumla

N29-14-21.0 E82-4-20.40 2,295 Vigna mungo separated from N-25 sample, Mr. Prem Bahadur Budha, a raod side village on slope

46 N26 257529 Vigna mungo Mas 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Babira-4, Tatopani, Jumla

N29-14-21.0 E82-4-20.40 2,295 Mr. Prem Bahadur Budha, a raod side village on slope

47 N27 257530 Phaseolus vulgaris Simi 2016/11/1 Landrace farmer's storage, Babira-4, Tatopani, Jumla

N29-14-21.0 E82-4-20.40 2,295 Mr. Prem Bahadur Budha, a raod side village on slope

48 N28 257531 Vigna angularis var. nipponensis

Sauo Mugi Mas 2016/11/2 Wild road side slope, Kudari, Kalikot N29-11-04.6 E81-53-16.9 2,008 short pod, small bracteole. Seeds as medicine for headache.

49 N29 257532 Vigna sahyadriana Thulo Mugi Mas 2016/11/2 Wild road side slope, Kudari, Kalikot N29-11-04.6 E81-53-16.9 2,008 first record in Nepal50 N30 257533 Vigna angularis var.

nipponensis- 2016/11/2 Wild road side slope, before police check

point, Jubitha, KalikotN29-09-40.8 E81-50-31.9 1,934 seed color black


- 2016/11/2 Wild road side slope, Jubitha, Kalikot N29-09-37.2 E81-49-35.6 1,885 a little larger seeds than N-28

52 N32 257535 Vigna mungo Mas 2016/11/2 Landrace road side village, farmer's storage, east of Manma, Kalikot

N29-7-33.60 E81-39-53.60 1,550 large seeds

53 N33 257536 Vigna umbellata - 2016/11/2 Landrace road side village, farmer's storage, east of Manma, Kalikot

N29-7-33.60 E81-39-53.60 1,550 pale brown seeds

54 N34 257537 Glycine max Bhatta 2016/11/2 Landrace road side village, farmer's storage, east of Manma, Kalikot

N29-7-33.60 E81-39-53.60 1,550 black seeds

55 N35-1 257538 Phaseolus vulgaris Simi 2016/11/2 Landrace road side village, farmer's storage, east of Manma, Kalikot

N29-7-33.60 E81-39-53.60 1,550 brownish red seeds separated from 2016N-35 sample

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No.JP No.


(m)Remarks

56 N35-2 258938 Phaseolus vulgaris Simi 2016/11/2 Landrace road side village, farmer's storage, east of Manma, Kalikot

N29-7-33.60 E81-39-53.60 1,550 red seeds separated from 2016N-35 sample

57 N36 257539 Vigna unguiculata Bodi 2016/11/2 Landrace farmer's house down from the road, east of Manma, Kalikot

N29-7-45.20 E81-39-38.20 1,500 pale brown small seeded cowpea, cowpea not found at higher altitude between Jumla and this site

58 N37 257540 Vigna umbellata - 2016/11/2 Landrace farmer's house down from the road, east of Manma, Kalikot

N29-7-45.20 E81-39-38.20 1,500 pale brown seeds

59 N38-1 257541 Glycine max Bhatta 2016/11/3 Landrace farmer's house down from the road, Dailekh city, Dailekh

N28-50-28.70 E81-42-50.60 1,280 yellow seeds separated from N-38 sample, roast and eat at breakfast

60 N38-2 258024 Glycine max Bhatta 2016/11/3 Landrace farmer's house down from the road, Dailekh city, Dailekh

N28-50-28.70 E81-42-50.60 1,280 brown seeds separated from N-38 sample, roast and eat at breakfast

61 N39 257542 Lens culinaris Kalo Mosuro 2016/11/3 Landrace farmer's house down from the road, Dailekh city, Dailekh

N28-50-28.70 E81-42-50.60 1,280

62 N40-1 257543 Vigna umbellata Siltung 2016/11/3 Landrace farmer's house down from the road, Dailekh city, Dailekh

N28-50-28.70 E81-42-50.60 1,280 black seeds separated from N-40 sample, eat as dhal


N28-50-28.70 E81-42-50.60 1,280 pale brown large seeds separated from N-40 sample, eat as dhal


N28-50-28.70 E81-42-50.60 1,280 pale brown small seeds separated from N-40 sample, eat as dhal

65 N41 257544 Vigna mungo Mas 2016/11/3 Landrace farmer's house down from the road, Dailekh city, Dailekh

N28-50-28.70 E81-42-50.60 1,280 dhal. mustard oil, ash residue to protect from bruchid

66 N42 257545 Vigna unguiculata Soita Bodi 2016/11/3 Landrace grown in front of farmer's house, Baskoti, Dailekh

N28-45-39.34 E81-39-47.68 684 eat young pods as vegetable and mature seeds as dhal


Bon Shelton 2016/11/3 Wild growing on the floor of pine forest, north of Jarbuta, Surket

N28-38-47.90 E81-37-28.0 1,700 short pods containing 1 or 2 seeds found near soil surface, seems they have bi-morphic pods.

68 N44 257547 Vigna unguiculata Bodi 2016/11/4 Landrace grown in backyard garden, Gulariya, Bardiya

N28-11-28.90 E81-21-36.2 140 yardlong bean, soft spongy pods

69 N45 257548 Vigna unguiculata Bodi 2016/11/4 Landrace grown in backyard garden, Gulariya, Bardiya

N28-11-28.90 E81-21-36.2 140 yardlong bean, normal long pods

70 N46 257549 Lathyrus sativus Matara 2016/11/4 Landrace farmer's storage, Beluwa, Bardiya N28-19-35.70 E81-16-19.7 162 grind powder to make dhal, cut into two and make dhal, grind and mixed with chick pea powder to make dhal, raw seeds were given to goat, Tharu ethnic group = Mongolian origin

71 N47 257550 Vigna mungo Mas 2016/11/4 Landrace grown on a ridge of paddy field, Neutapur, Bardiya

N28-26-18.90 E81-19-01.7 172 rice bean was also cultivated on a ridge of paddy, but we could not collect seeds because plants were still maturing stage

72 N48 257551 Glycine max Bhattal 2016/11/4 Landrace farmer's storage, Neutapur, Bardiya N28-26-18.62 E81-19-00.03 172 black seeds73 N49 257552 Vigna unguiculata Kalo Sota 2016/11/5 Landrace sold at raod side shop, Budar, Doti N29-05-16.40 E80-34-00.6 1,355 seeds with large black area around hilum74 N50 257553 Vigna unguiculata Seto Sota 2016/11/5 Landrace sold at raod side shop, Budar, Doti N29-05-16.40 E80-34-00.6 1,355 seeds with small black area around hilum75 N51 257554 Vigna unguiculata Guras 2016/11/5 Landrace seed shop, Dadeldhura city,

DadeldhuraN29-18-17.00 E80-35-31.8 1,837 this cowpea was sold by the name 'guras' usually used for

azuki bean, size and color of seeds are similar to those of true 'guras' (V. angularis) collected in the vicinity

76 N52 257555 Vigna mungo Mas 2016/11/5 Landrace seed shop, Dadeldhura city, Dadeldhura

N29-18-17.00 E80-35-31.8 1,837 Community seed bank manager said mung bean was not grown because it is too cold here

77 N53 257556 Vigna unguiculata Bodi 2016/11/5 Landrace seed shop, Dadeldhura city, Dadeldhura

N29-18-17.00 E80-35-31.8 1,837 pale brwon seeds with small black area around hilum

78 N54 257557 Lablab purpureus - 2016/11/6 Landrace collected by Dr. Matsushima - - - reddish seeds79 N55 257558 Vigna angularis Guras 2016/11/6 Landrace small local shop, Siddhapur, Baitadi N29-24-22.51 E80-39-25.58 1,595 true V. angularis seeds were sold by the name 'guras' here

- 310 -


No.JP No.


(m)Remarks

80 N56 257559 Vigna mungo Mas 2016/11/6 Landrace small local shop, Siddhapur, Baitadi N29-24-22.51 E80-39-25.58 1,595 mungbean seeds were not sold here81 N57 257560 Vigna angularis Guras 2016/11/6 Landrace seed shop at Dehimandou, Baitadi N29-31-16.60 E80-28-09.10 2,017 true V. angularis seeds were sold by the name 'guras' here82 N58 257561 Glycine max Bhatta Mas 2016/11/6 Landrace seed shop at Dehimandou, Baitadi N29-31-16.60 E80-28-09.10 2,017 yellow seeds 83 N59-1 257562 Vigna unguiculata Seto Sota 2016/11/6 Landrace seed shop at Dehimandou, Baitadi N29-31-16.60 E80-28-09.10 2,017 pale brown seeds with small black area around hilum

separated from N-59 sample84 N59-2 258027 Vigna unguiculata Seto Sota 2016/11/6 Landrace seed shop at Dehimandou, Baitadi N29-31-16.60 E80-28-09.10 2,017 pale brown seeds with small brown area around hilum

separated from N-59 sample85 N59-3 258028 Vigna unguiculata Seto Sota 2016/11/6 Landrace seed shop at Dehimandou, Baitadi N29-31-16.60 E80-28-09.10 2,017 pale brown seeds with large black area around hilum

separated from N-59 sample86 N60 257563 Phaseolus vulgaris Rajma 2016/11/6 Landrace seed shop at Dehimandou, Baitadi N29-31-16.60 E80-28-09.10 2,017 red seeds87 N61 257564 Phaseolus vulgaris Sota 2016/11/6 Landrace seed shop at Dehimandou, Baitadi N29-31-16.60 E80-28-09.10 2,017 ivory seeds with brown color around hilum, name 'sota' was

used for both cowpea and common bean with pale brown seeds here

88 N62 257565 Vigna radiata var. sublobata

- 2016/11/7 Wild road side slope, east of Dadeldhura, Dadeldhura

N29-18-31.30 E80-39-36.70 1,022 This is the first record of wild mungbean in Nepal. No seeds were collected because plants were at post-maturity stage

89 N63-1 257566 Glycine max - 2016/11/7 Landrace seed shop, between Dadeldhura and Dipayal, Golmeswar, Doti

N29-17-51.30 E80-49-09.20 628 black seeds separated from N-63 sample

90 N63-2 258029 Glycine max - 2016/11/7 Landrace seed shop, between Dadeldhura and Dipayal, Golmeswar, Doti

N29-17-51.30 E80-49-09.20 628 brown seeds separated from N-63 sample

91 N64-1 257567 Vigna umbellata - 2016/11/8 Weedy grassland above road side slope, east of Dadeldhura, Dadeldhura

N29-18-19.51 E80-39-25.45 1,142 small black seeds separated from N-64 sample


N29-18-19.51 E80-39-25.45 1,142 black mottled pale brown seeds separated from N-64 sample


N29-18-19.51 E80-39-25.45 1,142 pale brown seeds separated from N-64 sample

94 N65 257568 Vigna mungo - 2016/11/8 Landrace farmer's field, east of Dadeldhura, Dadeldhura

N29-18-19.52 E80-39-20.92 1,141 plants were hanged on a tree for drying

95 N66 257569 Vigna radiata var. sublobata

- 2016/11/8 Wild road side slope, east of Dadeldhura, Dadeldhura

N29-18-23.73 E80-39-15.83 1,114 A few shriveled seeds were found and collected because plants were at post-maturity stage

96 N67-1 257570 Lablab purpureus - 2016/11/8 Landrace near the road side ditch, east of Dadeldhura, Dadeldhura

N29-18-25.10 E80-39-16.70 1,108 black seeds separated from N-67 sample

97 N67-2 258032 Lablab purpureus - 2016/11/8 Landrace near the road side ditch, east of Dadeldhura, Dadeldhura

N29-18-25.10 E80-39-16.70 1,108 mottled seeds separated from N-67 sample

98 N68 257571 Vigna hirtella - 2016/11/9 Wild slope of road side undulating hill, near Phaltude, Doti

N29-02-48.51 E80-35-58.49 1,428 pods longer than V. angularis var. nipponensis, flower buds de-veloped also near soil surface, roots elongate near soil surface, still have young pods, many trees growing on hills, indicating wet environments

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Photograph 1. Soybean cultivar with a twining habit (Jumla)

Photograph 2. Shattering pods of soybean (Jumla)

Photograph 3. Soybean sold at market in Kathmandu

Photograph 4. Common beans sold at market, N08 (Jumla)

Photograph 5. Common beans compiled for drying in Jumla

Photograph 6. Common bean strains selected by NARC branch in Jumla

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Photograph 7. Habitat of naturally growing V. umbellata (N64) in Dadeldhura

Photograph 8. Habitat of V. angularis var. nipponensis (N28) in Kalikot

Photograph 9. Habitat of V. angularis var. nipponensis (N43) in Surkhet

Photograph 10. Pods of V. angularis var. nipponensis (N28) in Kalikot

Photograph 11. Habitat of V. angularis var. nipponensis (N43) in Surkhet

Photograph 12. Habitat of V. hirtella (Kailali)

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Photograph 13. V. hirtella (N68) in Kailali Photograph 14. Pod of V. hirtella (N68) in Kailali

Photograph 15. Stipule of V. radiata var. sublobata Photograph 16. Vigna sahyadriana (N29) in

Kalikot

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N1 N2-1 N2-2

N3 N4 N5

N6 N7 N8-1

N8-2 N8-3 N8-4

N8-5 N8-6 N8-7

N1: JP257502, Vigna unguiculata

Seed Photographs

N2-1: JP257503, Vigna unguiculata


N3: JP257505, Vigna radiata

N4: JP257506, Cicer arietinum

N5: JP257507, Glycine max

N6: JP257508, Vigna mungo

N7: JP257509, Phaseolus vulgaris

N8-1: JP257510, Phaseolus vulgaris







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N9 N10-1 N10-2

N11-1 N11-2 N11-3

N12-1 N12-2 N12-3

N12-4 N12-5 N13

N14 N15 N16-1


N10-1: JP257512, Phaseolus coccineus

N10-2: JP258012, Phaseolus coccineus

N11-3: JP258014, Glycine max











N16-1: JP257518, Vigna angularis

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N16-2 N17 N18-1

N18-2 N18-3 N18-4

N19 N20 N21

N22 N23 N24-1

N24-2 N25-1 N25-2

N16-2: JP258019, Vigna angularis







N20: JP257522, Vigna angularis



N23: JP257525, Macrotyloma uniflorum

N24-1: JP257526, Vigna radiata



N25-2: JP257528, Vigna mungo

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N26 N27 N28

N29 N30 N31

N32 N33 N34

N35-1 N35-2 N36

N37 N38-1 N38-2



N28: JP257531, Vigna angularis var. nipponensis

N29: JP257532, Vigna sahyadriana




N33: JP257536, Vigna umbellata





N37: JP257540, Vigna umbellata



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N39 N40-1 N40-2

N40-3 N41 N42

N43 N44 N45

N46 N47 N48

N49 N50 N51

N39: JP257542, Lens culinaris

N40-1: JP257543, Vigna umbellata



N41: JP257544 Vigna mungo



N44: JP257547 Vigna unguiculata


N46: JP257549, Lathyrus sativus






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N52 N53 N54

N55 N56 N57

N58 N59-1 N59-2

N59-3 N60 N61

N63-1 N63-2 N64-1



N54: JP257557, Lablab purpureus





N59-1: JP257562 Vigna unguiculata



N60: JP257563 Phaseolus vulgaris



N63-2: JP258029 Glycine max


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N64-2 N64-3 N65

N66 N67-1 N67-2

N68




N66: JP257569, Vigna radiata var. sublobata

N67-1: JP257570, Lablab purpureus

N67-2: JP258032, Lablab purpureus

N68: JP257571, Vigna hirtella

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Collaborative Exploration of Cucurbitaceae Vegetable Genetic Resources in Western Nepal, in 2016

Kazutoshi YASHIRO 1), Koichiro SHIMOMURA 2), Thanh-Thuy DUONG 3), Deepa Singh SHRESTHA 4), Santosh SHARMA 4), Ganesh Datt JOSHI 4),

Durga Man Singh DONGOL 5), Krishna Hari GIMIRE 4), Bal Krishna JOSHI 4), Mina Nath PAUDEL 4)

1) Ibaraki Agricultural Center, Plant Biotechnology Institute, Ago, Kasama, Ibaraki 319-0292, Japan2) Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research

Organization (NARO) 360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan3) Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka,

Kita, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan4) National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center, Genebank, Nepal Agricultural Research Council,

Khumaltar, Nepal5) Food Research Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Nepal

Communicated by E. DOMON (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)Received May 24, 2017, Accepted Dec. 26, 2017Corresponding author: K. SHIMOMURA (e-mail: [email protected])

Summary

　　 This report describes the first exploration of cucurbitaceous vegetable genetic resources in western Nepal, jointly conducted by the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan, and the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Nepal. A field survey was conducted in western Nepal from November 1 to 15, 2016. We collected a total of 27 accessions, 14 of Cucumis sativus L., 3 of C. melo L., 2 of Cucurbita maxima Duchense ex Lam., 2 of C. moschata Duchense, 1 of C. pepo L., 2 of Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb., 1 of L. cylindrica (L.) Roem., 1 of Momordica charantia L., and 1 of Bryonopsis sp. All accessions were stored as seeds at the NARC and subsets were transferred to the Genetic Resources Center, NARO using the standard material transfer agreement (SMTA).

KEY WORDS: Nepal, genetic resources, cucumber, pumpkin, melon

IntroductionThe exploration of cucurbitaceous vegetable genetic resources in the western Nepal district was

jointly conducted by the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan and the

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Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Nepal.The Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal is a long and slender country running from the northwest

to the southeast, located between 26°22’ to 30°27’ N and 80°4’ to 88°12’ E, in South Asia, and south of the Himalayas. There is a considerable altitude gradient from the southern Terai plain (about 100 m above sea level) to the mountain range (over 8,000 m) which includes Everest, the highest point in the world, and there are diverse agricultural ecological environments along this gradient, which covers an area of 147,181 km2 and hosts a wide range of plant genetic diversity at both, species and intra-species levels (Gupta 2012).

South Asia is one of the most important area when it comes to cucumber and melon diversity. Cucumber is considered to have originated in this area and introduced to other parts of the world (De Candolle 1886; Bisht et al. 2004). Furthermore, a wild ancestor of melon should have originated in Africa and the secondary center of genetic diversity was considered as the Middle and Near East and India (Robinson and Decker-Walters 1997). Thus, this area is believed to be a promising source of genetic variability for cucurbits (Yoshida et al. 1997; Saito T et al. 2005; Sakata et al. 2008; Saito A et al. 2009; Matsunaga et al. 2010, 2015; Sugiyama et al. 2015). We expected to find genetic resources with wide variation for various traits, such as fruit shape, pest, disease, and environmental stress resistance, among others. For example, East and South Asian melon are known as important genetic resources, having resistance to powdery mildew, downy mildew, gummy stem blight, fusarium wilt, Aphis gossypii and several viruses (Pryor et al. 1946; Whitaker and Bohn 1954; Whitaker and Davis 1962; Kishaba et al. 1971; Takada et al. 1979; Wako et al. 2000). In the past, several foreign explorers have conducted explorations for collecting plant genetic resources in Nepal. However, explorations for collecting cucurbitaceous vegetable genetic resources have not been conducted (Gupta 2012). Therefore, our objective was to explore and collect mainly cucurbitaceous genetic resources, in the western Nepal.

MethodsFrom November 1 to 15, 2016, we explored and collected the cucurbitaceous vegetable genetic

resources in the rural areas of Bardiya district in Province No. 5, Baitadi, Dadeldhura, Doti and Kailali district in province No. 7 of western Nepal (Table1, Fig. 1). The genetic resources were collected from Bardiya and Kailali district at an altitude of around 150 m, and from Doti, Baitadi, and Dadeldhura district at an altitude of 1,800 to 2,000 m.

When we collected genetic resources, we interviewed farmers about the local names, cultivation methods (sowing and harvest season), harvesting methods, seed preservation methods and other information about cultivation. We also recorded the name of the location, latitude and longitude, elevation, and characteristics of each collection site. Latitude, longitude, and elevation were determined using a GPS receiver (Gramin Ltd., Switzerland). When we collected fruits, we recorded characteristics such as shape, color, and weight of fruit. Seeds were picked and dried immediately after cutting the fruit for study. Fruits were preserved under dry condition.

Results and discussionIn this survey, we collected a total of 27 accessions, 14 of C. sativus, 3 of C. melo, 2 of C. maxima, 2

of C. moschata, 1 of C. pepo, 2 of L. acutangula, 1 of L. cylindrica, 1 of M. charantia and 1 of Bryonopsis sp. (Table 2).

With respect to cucumber, we collected accessions with fruit size ranging from about 10 cm with

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round shape to over 40 cm with cylindrical shape (Fig 2). Almost all of accessions seemed to become brown skin color at maturity. Local people mainly use the immature fruit in salads, while mature cucumber is used in pickles and occasionally also eaten in salads. The spicy and crunchy pickled cucumbers are

Table 1. Itinerary of survey in western Nepal, 2016

Fig. 1. Collection sites in western Nepal. Black dot; collection site, white dot; headquarters.

Date Day Itinerary Stay11/1 Tue Haneda 0:20 (TG661) -- 5:25 Bangkok; 10:30 (TG319) -- 12:45

KathomanduBangkok

11/2 Wed National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center, Genebank,Nepal Agricultural Research Council

Kathomandu

11/3 Thu Kathomandu 16:10 (U4 405) -- 17:00 Nepalgunj Nepalgunj11/4 Fri Nepalgunj -- Dhangadhi Dhangadhi11/5 Sat Dhangadhi -- Dadeldhura Dadeldhura11/6 Sun Dadeldhura -- Baidadi Baidadi11/7 Mon Baidadi -- Dadeldhura Dadeldhura11/8 Tue Dadeldhura -- Dipayal -- Dadeldhura Dadeldhura11/9 Wed Dadeldhura -- Dhangadhi Dhangadhi

11/10 Thu Dhangadhi 12:35 (U4 252) -- 13:50 Kathomandu Kathomandu11/11 Fri Visit Genebank, NARC and arrange the collected seeds Kathomandu11/12 Sat Visit Genebank, NARC and arrange the collected seeds Kathomandu11/13 Sun ― Kathomandu11/14 Mon Kathomandu　13:55 (TG320) -- 18:30 Bangkok On flight

Bangkok (11/14, Mon) 23:15 (TG682) -- 6:55 HanedaBangkok 0:05 (TG644) -- 7:30 Chubu

11/15 Tue

China

India

Nepal

50 km

1915 1811 14, 2025

Dadeldhura 216 9, 22, 23 27

26Dhangadhi

4, 5

10 1 324

Nepalgunj

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frequently part of the Nepali meal. Interestingly, at Ghanteshowr village development commune (VDC) in Doti district, mature fruits over 40 cm length are sliced longitudinally, covered with rice or wheat flour and then dried by sunlight. After that, they were preserved until they are cooked as ingredients of soups, etc. These mature fruits are also mixed with dried radish in this village (Fig. 3).

Interestingly, round shape cucumbers about 10 cm in length were collected in the forest near the rural area, and were speculated to be C. sativus var. hardwickii (Fig. 4). This variety is considered either a progenitor or a close relative of cultivated cucumber (Bisht et al. 2004). Local farmers frequently find them in wild environments between July and September. The fruit size varied from less than 10 cm to 20 cm, they may or may not be bitter. These observations suggested that these variations seemed to have evolved by natural hybridization between C. sativus var. hardwickii and cultivated cucumber in neighboring rural areas.

All collected melons were spherical weedy melon (C. melo var. agrestis) with a diameter of about 3 cm. They were all collected in Bardiya district of the Terai plain in the southwest (Fig. 5). Not many farmers cultivate melon, and it is not consumed in the western high-elevation mountain area. These weedy melons were seen everywhere in low elevation places, such as roads and river side. They set fruit around September. Farmers collect them for cooking. We collected two types of weedy melon in the same field (Fig. 5). Farmer who collected weedy melons basically dealt with them as if they were the same species; however, one type has stripes on the skin (No. 2), while the other one has no stripes (No. 3). Therefore, we collected them as two different accessions. A striped weedy melon was also collected at another place (No. 24).

The other cucurbitaceous collections, i.e., 2 of C. maxima, 2 of C. moschata, 1 of C. pepo, 2 of Luffa acutangula and 1 of L. cylindrica, were mainly used as pickles (pumpkin) or heat cooking (pumpkin, sponge gourd).

AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by a grant (PGRAsia Project) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry

and Fisheries of Japan.

ReferencesBisht IS, Bhat KV, Tanwar SPS, Bhandari DC, Joshi K, Sharma AK (2004) Distribution and genetic

diversity of Cucumis sativus ver. hardwickii (Royle) Alef in India. J Hortic Sci Biotech 79: 783-791.

Species Number of samplesCucumis sativus 14Cucumis melo 3Cucurbita maxima 2Cucurbita moschata 2Cucurbita pepo 1Luffa acutangula 2Luffa cylindrica 1Momordica charantia 1Bryonopsis sp. 1Total 27

Table 2. List of collected genetic resources

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De Candolle A (1886) Origin of Cultivated Plants. Reprint of the 2nd ed., 1967. Hafner, New York, p. 468.Gupta SR (2012) Perspectives on Plant Genetic Resources in Nepal. Trop Agr Develop 5: 52-56.Kishaba AN, Bohn GW, Toba HH (1971) Resistance to Aphis gossypii in muskmelon. J Econ Entomol 64:

935-937.Matsunaga H, Sugiyama M, Tanaka K, Deuanhaksa C (2010) Collaborative exploration of the vegetable

genetic resources in Laos, 2009. AREIPGR 26: 65-81.Matsunaga H, Matsushima K, Tanaka K, Theavy S, Heng SL, Channa T, Takahashi Y, Tomooka N

(2015) Collaborative exploration of the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae vegetable genetic resources in Cambodia 2014. AREIPGR 31: 169-187.

Pryor DE, Whitaker TW, Davis GN (1946) The development of powdery mildew resistant cantaloupes. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 47: 347-356.

Robinson RW, Decker-Walters DS (1997) Cucurbits. CAB International, New York, p. 226.Saito A, Tanaka K, Deuanhaksa C (2009) Collaborative exploration of the vegetable genetic resources in

Laos, 2008. AREIPGR 25: 111-145.Saito T, Matsumoto M, Than Htan Htaik, San San Yi (2005) Collaborative exploration of vegetables

genetic resources in Myanmar, 2005. AREIPGR 22: 115-133.Sakata Y, Kato K, Saito T, Tanaka K, Deuanhaksa C (2008) Collaborative exploration of the vegetable

genetic resources in Laos, 2007. AREIPGR 24: 161-183.Sugiyama M. Ebana K, Kami D. Hoai TTT, Kien NV (2015) Collaborative exploration of cucurbitaceous

crops in Vietnam 2014. AREIPGR 31: 189-201.Takada K, Kanazawa K, Takatsuka K, Kameno K (1979) Studies on the breeding of melon resistant to

cucumber mosaic virus I. Difference in resistance among melon varieties and the regional differences in their distribution. Bull Veg Ornam Crops Res Stn A 5: 1-21.

Wako T, Ohara T, Ishiuchi D, Kojima A (2000) Petiole-mediated inoculation method for seedling test for gummy stem blight (Didymella broyoniae) resistance in melon. Bull Veg Ornam Crops Res Stn A15: 71-80.

Whitaker TW, Bohn GW (1954) Mosaic reaction and geographic origin of accessions of Cucumis melo L. Plant Dis Reptr 38: 838-840.

Whitaker TW, Davis GN (1962) Cucurbits Cucumis melo (Musk-melon) - Botany, Cultivation, Utilization. Interscience Publ Inc, New York, pp. 89-102.

Yoshida T, Wako T, Thuan PV, Canh DX (1997) Collaborative exploration of the vegetable genetic resources in Vietnam. AREIPGR 13: 173-187.

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ネパール西部におけるウリ科野菜遺伝資源の共同探索，2016 年

八城和敏 1)・下村晃一郎 2)・Thanh-Thuy DUONG3)・Deepa Singh SHRESTHA4)・Santosh SHARMA4)・Ganesh Datt JOSHI4)・

Durga Man Singh DONGOL5) ・Krishna Hari GIMIRE4)・Bal Krishna JOSHI4)・Mina Nath PAUDEL 4)

1) 茨城県農業総合センター生物工学研究所2) 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構　野菜花き研究部門3) 岡山大学環境生命科学研究科農生命科学専攻4) ネパール農業研究評議会　国立農業遺伝資源センター　ジーンバンク5) ネパール農業研究評議会　食品研究部門

和文摘要　本報告は農林水産省委託プロジェクト研究「海外植物遺伝資源の収集・提供強化」の予算により実施され，国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構遺伝資源センターとネパール国立農業遺伝資源センターとの間で締結した共同研究協定に基づいて行われたネパール極西部における野菜遺伝資源の探索・収集に関わる調査報告書である．調査は 2016 年 11 月 1 日～ 15 日にかけて行った．ネパール西部のベーリ県，セティ県，マハカリ県において探索・調査を行った．その結果，キュウリ 14 点，メロン 3 点，セイヨウカボチャ 2 点，ニホンカボチャ 2 点，ペポカボチャ1 点，トカドヘチマ 2 点，ヘチマ 1 点，ツルレイシ（ニガウリ）1 点，オキナワスズメウリ属 1

点の合計 27 点のウリ科野菜遺伝資源を収集した．収集された遺伝資源は，ネパール国立農業遺伝資源センターで保存するとともに，我が国の遺伝資源センターに標準材料移転契約（SMTA）に基づいて移転され，農業研究や育種目的に利用可能な遺伝資源として保存される．

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Coll. No.

JP No. Coll. date Nov. 2016

Species name Local name Type of sample

Status of sample

Coll. Source Province District VDC Village Latitude Longitude Altitude (m)

Reference

1 258530 4 Momoridica charantia Kareli vegetable wild farmland No. 5 Bardiya Bansgadi-3 Bongmudua N28-15-10.34 E81-34-18.30 152 From Mr. Kali Ram Tharu, cooking with heat2 258531 4 Cucumis melo Gohima

(Gol Kankri)vegetable weedy farmland No. 5 Bardiya Bansgadi-3 Bongmudua N28-15-10.34 E81-34-18.30 152 From Mr. Kali Ram Tharu, harvesting from Aug. to Sep.,

stripe fruit skin, sour3 258532 4 Cucumis melo Gohima

(Gol Kankri)vegetable weedy farmland No. 5 Bardiya Bansgadi-3 Bongmudua N28-15-10.34 E81-34-18.30 152 From Mr. Kali Ram Tharu, harvesting from Aug. to Sep., non

stripe fruit skin4 258533 4 Luffa acutangula Torai vegetable landrace farmland No. 7 Kailali Patharia-4 Matera N28-35-28.27 E81-09-40.81 158 From Mr. Khusi Ram, sowing from May to June, harvesting

from Sep. to Oct., cooking with heat5 258534 4 Luffa cylindrica Torai vegetable landrace farmland No. 7 Kailali Patharia-4 Matera N28-35-28.27 E81-09-40.81 158 From Mr. Khusi Ram6 258535 5 Cucumis sativus Kankro vegetable landrace village market No. 7 Doti Ghanteshowr-1 Goganpani N29-08-42.84 E80-34-44.62 1758 Harvested from near village, making pickle and salad7 258536 5 Cucumis sativus Kankro vegetable landrace village market No. 7 Doti Ghanteshowr-1 Goganpani N29-08-42.84 E80-34-44.62 1758 Harvested from near village, making pickle and salad8 258537 5 Cucumis sativus Hariyo Lamo

(Kankro)vegetable landrace village market No. 7 Doti Ghanteshowr-9 Khai Gawn N29-09-41.94 E80-35-59.45 1837 Sowing from May to June, harvesting from Sep. to Oct.,

making pickle and salad9 258538 5 Cucumis sativus Chhote

(Kankro)vegetable landrace village market No. 7 Doti Ghanteshowr-9 Khai Gawn N29-09-41.94 E80-35-59.45 1837 Sowing from May to June, harvesting from Sep. to Oct.,

making pickle and salad10 258539 4 Luffa acutangula Torai vegetable landrace farmland No. 5 Bardiya Gulariya-2 Khairapur N28-14-38.76 E81-18-39.30 127 From Mr. Chabilal Khaira11 258540 6 Cucurbita moschata Shyamphul vegetable landrace farmland No. 7 Baitadi Siddhapur-1 Gailek N29-24-13.93 E80-37-59.45 189612 258541 6 Cucumis sativus Kankro vegetable landrace farmland No. 7 Baitadi Siddhapur-1 Gailek N29-24-13.93 E80-37-59.45 1896 From Navraj Bohara, sowing from Apr. to May, harvesting

from June to July, and sowing at Jan., harvesting until June, making pickle and salad

13 258542 6 Cucumis sativus Airaro vegetable wild wild No. 7 Baitadi Siddhapur-1 Gailek N29-24-12.57 E80-38-06.20 1847 harvesting from near forest, use like as medicine, very bitter14 258543 6 Cucurbita maxima Daulo Kada vegetable landrace farmland No. 7 Baitadi Siddhapur-1 Gailek N29-24-12.57 E80-38-06.20 1847 Sowing from Apr. to May, harvesting from Sep. to Nov, boil

mature fruit15 258544 6 Cucumis sativus Kankro vegetable landrace village market No. 7 Baitadi N29-26-18.95 E80-38-06.67 2225 Khodpe market, Baitadi16 258545 6 Cucumis sativus Kankro seed landrace farmland No. 7 Baitadi Siddheshwor-4 Bhattedi N29-27-53.29 E80-37-55.36 2020 Sowing from July to Aug., harvesting from Oct. to Nov.,

making salad17 258546 6 Cucurbita pepo Shyamphul vegetable landrace farmland No. 7 Baitadi Siddheshwor-4 Bhattedi N29-27-53.29 E80-37-55.36 2021 Sowing from Jan. to Feb., harvesting at July, cookin with hear

or making pickle18 258547 6 Cucurbita maxima Seto Pharsi vegetable landrace farmland No. 7 Baitadi Siddheshwor-4 Bhattedi N29-27-53.29 E80-37-55.36 2022 Sowing from Jan. to Feb., harvesting at July, making pickle19 258548 7 Cucumis sativus Kankro vegetable landrace farmland No. 7 Baitadi Musyachaur-8 Gurukhda N29-53-35.24 E80-25-08.18 1526 Sowing from June to July, harvesting from Oct. to Nov.,

immature fruit for salad and mature fruit for pickle20 258549 6 Cucurbita moschata Shyamphul vegetable landrace farmland No. 7 Baitadi Siddhapur-1 Gailek N29-24-13.93 E80-37-59.45 189621 258550 8 Cucumis sativus Kankada seed landrace farmland No. 7 Doti Katiwada-7 Raukalla N29-17-34.91 E80-56-32.59 1312 From Gore Sand, Chhettri tribe, sowing from Apr. to May,

harvesting from Sep. to Oct., making pickle and salad22 258551 8 Cucumis sativus Airaro vegetable wild wild No. 7 Doti Ghanteswor-3 Caira N29-08-45.64 E80-35-34.45 1862 harvesting from near forest, use like as medicine23 258552 8 Cucumis sativus Airaro vegetable wild wild No. 7 Doti Ghanteswor-3 Caira N29-08-45.64 E80-35-34.45 1862 harvesting from near forest, use like as medicine, very bitter24 258553 4 Cucumis melo Gohima vegetable wild wild No. 5 Bardiya - - N28-08-52.15 E81-29-57.18 146 River side25 258556 4 Bryonopsis sp. - vegetable wild wild No. 7 Dadeldhura - - N29-18-19.00 E80-39-24.20 1127 Road side26 258554 3 Cucumis sativus Ghiu Kankro seed landrace farmland No. 6 Dailekh Narayan-1 Gahatari N28-50-28.74 E81-42-50.52 126027 258555 2 Cucumis sativus Kankro seed landrace farmland No. 6 Kalikot Dahan-3 Daha N29-06-51.66 E81-41-11.28 1613

Table 3. List of cucurbitaceous samples collected in Nepal during the 2016 survey

- 339 -

Fig. 5. Weedy melon fruits. Striped and non-striped fruit skins were recorded as different accessions.

Fig. 4 Fruits of C. sativus var. hardwickii . These variations seemed to be hybridized to cultivated cucumber in neighboring rural areas under natural conditions.

Fig. 3. Dried fruit flesh of cucumber with dried radish covered with flour. The white one is cucumber, the light brown one is radish.

Fig. 2. Cucumber fruit shape and size. Black bar: 10 cm.

- 341 -

Photograph of collected samples

No. 1 Momordica charantia No. 2 Cucumis melo No. 3 Cucumis melo

No. 4 Luffa acutangula No. 5 Luffa cylindrica No. 6 Cucumis sativus

No. 7 Cucumis sativus No. 8 Cucumis sativus

No. 10 Luffa acutangula No. 11 Cucurbita moschata No. 12 Cucumis sativus

No. 9 Cucumis sativus

- 343 -


No. 22 Cucumis sativus No. 23 Cucumis sativus No. 24 Cucumis melo

No. 19 Cucumis sativus No. 20 Cucurbita moschata

No. 18 Cucurbita maxima


No. 17 Cucurbita pepo

No. 14 Cucurbita maximaNo. 13 Cucumis sativus


- 345 -

No. 25 Bryonopsis sp. No. 26 Cucumis sativus No. 27 Cucumis sativus

III．海外植物遺伝資源探索収集及び共同調査チームの派遣実績　　PGR Missions dispatched abroad since 1975

- 347 -

年度調　査　課　題予算対　象　作　物担　当　者（所属機関）派　遣　先　・　期　間S50 1) 中晩生カンキツ有用遺伝子の探索導入ジーンバンクスイートオレンジ，サワーオレンジ，レモン，

みかん，ぶんたん，からたち秋浜友也（果樹試）　　　　　　　　　　　七条寅之助（果樹試）

インドS50. 11. 2 - 11. 17

S51 1) ばれいしょ有用遺伝子の探索導入ジーンバンクばれいしょ坂口進（農技研）ペルー2) トウモロコシの有用遺伝子の探索導入ジーンバンクトウモロコシ（在来種および一代雑種）山田実（農技研）メキシコ　　　

S52. 1. 23 - 2. 5S52 1) 稲の有用遺伝子の探索導入ジーンバンク水稲（耐冷性または短期時なし出穂性品種）渡辺進二（東北農試）イタリア，ハンガリー

S52. 8. 23 - 9. 22) ウリ科野菜の有用遺伝子の探索導入ジーンバンクメロン，トマト，きゅうり，すいか，かぼちゃ，

なす川出武夫（野菜試）スペイン，イタリア

S52. 8. 18 - 8. 28S53 1) マメ類の有用遺伝子の探索導入ジーンバンク大豆，落花生，いんげんまめ，ふじまめ，　　　

ささげ，　きまめ，ヒヨコマメ，だいこん，　　えんどう，たけあずき

渡辺巌（東北農試）ネパール，インド　S53. 10. 5 - 11. 2

2) 葉根菜類の有用遺伝子の探索導入ジーンバンクかぶ，にんじん，たまねぎ，はなやさい，　　　キャベツ，クラス，からしな類，ほうれんそう，パラーク

神山利一（野菜試）ネパール，インド　S53. 10. 5 - 11. 2

S54 1) 暖地型牧草，かんしょ，キノアの探索導入ジーンバンク暖地型牧草，かんしょ，キノア佐藤博保（九農試）小林仁（九農試）

アメリカ，コロンビア，ベネズエラS54. 11. 19 - 12. 5

S55 1) ばれいしょ，てんさいの有用遺伝子探索導　入

ジーンバンクばれいしょ，てんさい西部幸男（北農試）八戸三千男（北農試）

オランダ，ポーランドS55. 11. 26 - 12. 8

S56 1) オリザグラベリマ，グレインソルガム，ハ　トムギの探索導入

ジーンバンクグラベリマ稲，グレインソルガム，ハトムギ小野信一（中国農試）象牙海岸，ナイジェリア，インドS56. 10. 24 - 11. 12

S57 1) イタリアンライグラス等牧草類の探索導入ジーンバンクイタリアンライグラス鈴木信治（草地試）フランス，イタリアS57. 8. 29 - 9. 19

S58 1) インドネシアにおける大豆有用遺伝子の探　索導入

ジーンバンク大豆番場宏治（北海道中央農試）高橋信夫（長野県中信農試）

インドネシアS58. 11. 13 - 12. 2

2) こんにゃくの探索導入ジーンバンクこんにゃく三輪計一（群馬県総農試）清家泰昭（群馬県総農試）

タイ , フィリピンS59. 1. 15 - 2. 12

3) 小麦のトルコ , エジプトにおける探索導入ジーンバンク小麦，大麦天野洋一（北海道北見農試）トルコ , エジプトS58. 7. 25 - 8. 31

4) 野性稲等の探索導入　－バングラデシュ－ジーンバンク稲（在来種，野生種等）水野進（福井県農試）奥津喜章（茨城県農試）

バングラデシュS58. 11. 10 - 12. 1

5) 中南米におけるトマト，トウガラシ，カボ　チャの探索導入

ジーンバンクトマト，ピーマン，カボチャ小餅昭二（野菜試）小林忠和（長野県中信農試）

メキシコ，コスタリカ，ペルー，　ボリビア　　　　　　　　　　　S58. 11. 10 - 12. 5

S59 1) インド，インドネシア，タイ国における茶　樹の調査・探索と収集

ジーンバンク茶鳥屋尾忠之（茶試）岡部信雄（埼玉県茶試）

インド，タイ，インドネシアS59. 11. 21 - 12. 16

2) 北米大陸におけるブドウの収集ジーンバンクブドウ雨宮毅（山梨県果樹試）角利和（福岡県農総試）

北米S59. 11. 4 - 12. 3

3) 豆類遺伝資源の海外調査（韓国）ジーンバンクあずき，さいとう原正紀（北海道十勝農試）村田吉平（北海道十勝農試）

韓国S59. 10. 9 - 10. 31

- 348 -

年度調　査　課　題プロジェクト対　象　作　物担　当　者（所属機関）派　遣　先　・　期　間S59 4) いぐさ，牧草の探索収集調査ジーンバンクいぐさ，牧草定平正吉（広島県農試）

赤木豊樹（広島県農試）ニュージーランドS60. 1. 21 - 2. 20

S60 1) 亜熱帯産仁果・核果類遺伝資源の探索ジーンバンクウメ，クルミ，ナシ，モモ，カキ等土屋七郎（果樹試）　　　　　　　　　　　金戸橘夫（園芸農協連）

中国（台湾省）：S60. 11. 26 - 12. 15中国（台湾省）：S61. 3. 10 - 3. 20

2) 麦類遺伝資源の収集と導入ジーンバンク小麦，大麦関連野生種瀬古秀文（栃木県農試）イタリア，ユーゴスラビアS60. 8. 1 - 9. 4

3) パプアニューギニアにおける地下作物等の　探索収集

ジーンバンクカンショ，サトウキビ等久木村久（九農試）杉本明（沖縄県農試）

パプアニューギニアS61. 1. 20 - 2. 16

4) 豆類およびトウモロコシの遺伝資源調査ジーンバンクラッカセイ，トウモロコシ等中西健夫（千葉県農試）鈴木茂（千葉県農試）向井康（宮崎県総農試）

アルゼンチンS61. 2. 25 - 3. 31

5) 大豆遺伝資源の探索導入ジーンバンクダイズ佐々木紘一（北海道十勝農試）重盛勲（長野県中信農試）

タイS61. 3. 12 - 3. 31

S61 1) 牧草・飼料作物遺伝資源の探索導入ジーンバンクえん麦，オーチャードグラス，フェスク類，　　ライグラス，アルファルァ，クローバー類等

佐藤信之助（九農試）鶴見義朗（鹿児島県農試）

モロッコ，ポルトガル，スペインS61. 6. 28 - 7. 15

2) 稲遺伝資源探索導入タイ東北部および北部　

ジーンバンク稲浜村邦夫（北農試）佐々木武彦（宮城県古川農試）

タイS61. 10. 26 - 11. 26

3) タイにおける野菜遺伝資源ジーンバンクナス科，ウリ科等芦澤正和（全農試）タイS61. 10. 26 - 11. 26

4) 根系有用遺伝資源に関する海外調査ジーンバンクソラナム属，イポメア属近緑野生種奥山善直（北海道根釧農試）田淵尚一（長崎県総農試）梅村芳樹（九農試）

ペルー，エクアドルS61. 10. 28 - 11. 26

5) 雑穀類遺伝資源の収集と導入ジーンバンクミレット類，ゴマ，ソルガム属等広瀬昌平（日大農獣医学部）松浦正宏（広島県農試）

タンザニアS62. 2. 28 - 3. 22

S62 1) ナイジェリア国における野菜類遺伝資源の　調査

ジーンバンクカボチャ，ユーガオ，メロン，スイカ由比進（野菜茶試）芦沢正和（全農連）

ナイジェリアS62. 11. 10 - 12. 7

2) 豆類遺伝資源の探索，東ネパールジーンバンクアズキ，ツルアズキ，ヶツルアズキ宮崎尚時（長野県中信農試）足立大山（北海道中央農試）

ネパールS62. 11. 17 - 12. 15

3) 麦類遺伝資源の海外探索導入調査ジーンバンク麦類桑原達雄（長野県農事試）古庄雅彦（福岡県農総試）宮川三郎（農研センター）

モロッコ王国，シリア，　　　　　アラブ共和国　　　　　　　　　S62. 6. 10 - 7. 3

4) 地中海地域におけるカンキツ，ビワ遺伝資　源調査

ジーンバンクカンキツ，ビワ吉田俊雄（長崎県果樹試）佐々木文義（愛媛県青農連）

イタリア，ギリシャ，イスラエルS62. 11. 9 - 11. 27

S63 1) ネパールにおける Rhododendron 属および　　 Lilium 属遺伝資源の収集

ジーンバンクツツジ属，ユリ属山口聰（野菜・茶試久留米支場）　　　　　小林正芳（鹿児島県農試）

ネパールS63. 10. 22 - 11. 20

2) インドにおける特用・栄養系作物のフィー　ルド調査

ジーンバンクさとうきび，茶，桑上野貞一（宮崎県総農試）橋本昌男（千葉県蚕業センター）　　　　　大城良計（沖縄県農試）

インドS63. 11. 17 - 12. 14

3) アルゼンチンにおける Medicago 属遺伝資源　の探索・収集

ジーンバンクアルファルファ稲波進（愛知県農総試）福岡寿夫（九州東海大学）

アルゼンチンH1 .1. 14 - 2. 19

- 349 -

年度調　査　課　題プロジェクト対　象　作　物担　当　者（所属機関）派　遣　先　・　期　間S63 4) インドネシア・スマトラ島における稲遺伝

　資源の収集調査ジーンバンク稲類岡三徳（生物研）

赤間芳洋（愛知県農総試）菊池治己（北海道上川農試）

インドネシアH1. 2. 14 - 3. 20

H 元 1) 麦類遺伝資源の探索，アルジェリアジーンバンク小麦，大麦等宮川三郎（農研センター）吉田久（栃木県農試）前野真司（北海道北見農試）

アルジェリアH1. 5. 30 - 6. 27

2) マレイシア国およびタイ国に分布する甘し　ょ等いも類の調査

ジーンバンク甘しょ樽本勲（農研センター）坂口進（農林水産技術情報協会）

マレイシア，タイH2. 2. 23 - 3. 16

3) 地中海地域におけるヨーロッパブドウの遺　伝資源調査

ジーンバンクブドウ平林利郎（山梨県農試）平川信之（福岡県農総試）

フランス，イタリアH1. 10. 6 - 10. 22

4) ギリシャにおけるチューリップ属およびア　リウム属遺伝資源の共同探索・収集

ジーンバンクチューリップ，アリウム属野生種平田良樹（野菜・茶試）浦島修（富山県野菜花き試）宮浦邦晃（北海道北見農試）名畑清信（富山県農業水産部）

ギリシャH1. 3. 7 - 3. 25

5) マレーシア国さば州における甘しょ遺伝資　源の調査

熱帯農業研究センター「短期海外研究予算」

甘しょ樽本勲（農研センター）　　　　　　　　吉田博哉（熱帯農業研究センター）

マレーシア　　　　　　　　　　　H1. 12. 3 - 12. 26

6) タンザニアにおける暖地型牧草の探索・収　集

熱帯農業研究センター「熱帯農業研究推進費　予算」

牧草（主にギニアグラス）中嶋紘一（草地試）　　　　　　　　　　　中川仁（熱帯農業研究センター）

タンザニアH2. 2. 7 - 3. 6

7) パキスタンにおけるイネ・マメ・雑穀類遺　伝資源の探索収集

外務省特別拠出金イネ，マメ類，雑穀類長峰司（生物研）　　　　　　　　　　　　河瀬眞琴（生物研）　　　　　　　　　　　中川原捷洋（生物研）

パキスタン　　　　　　　　　　　H1. 10. 10 - 11. 28

H2 1) モロッコ，スペインにおける Beta 属野生種の　探索

ジーンバンク Beta 属野生種増谷哲雄（北海道農試）吉沢晃（北海道北見農試）

モロッコH2. 6. 25 - 7. 15

2) フィンランド，スウェーデンのアカクロー　バ探索

ジーンバンク Trifolium 属，チモシー他澤井晃（北海道農試）竹田芳彦（北海道根釧農試）

フィンランド，スウェーデンH2. 8. 25 - 9. 16

3) タイにおける稲遺伝資源の共同探索導入ジーンバンク稲，野生稲森谷国男（鹿児島県農試）日高秀光（宮崎県総農試）

タイH2. 10. 29 - 11. 30

4) マレイシアにおける豆類遺伝資源の探索ジーンバンクダイズ，リョクトウ，シカクマメ他土屋武彦（北海道中央農試）矢ヶ崎和弘（長野県中信農試）

マレイシアH3. 1. 30 - 3. 1

5) インドネシア国ジャワ島における甘しょ遺　伝資源の調査

ジーンバンク甘しょ樽本勲（農研センター）御子柴晴男（国際協力事業団）

インドネシア　　　　　　　　H2. 11. 9 - 12. 3

H3 1) ソ連国における寒地型牧草遺伝資源の探索　収集

ジーンバンク寒地型牧草大同久明（北海道農試）下小路英男（北海道北見農試）

ソ連（サハリン）H3. 9. 2 - 9. 24

2) ポーランドにおける野菜類遺伝資源の探索・　収集

ジーンバンクユリ科，アブラナ科，セリ科などの野菜類吉川宏昭（野菜茶試）塚田元尚（長野県野菜花き試）

ポーランドH3. 9. 10 - 10. 7

3) スリランカ及びタイにおける雑穀類遺伝資　源の探索

ジーンバンク雑穀類西牧清（長野県中信農試）及川一也（岩手県農試）

スリランカ，タイH4. 1. 7 - 2. 5

- 350 -

年度調　査　課　題プロジェクト対　象　作　物担　当　者（所属機関）派　遣　先　・　期　間H3 4) ウルグアイおよびチリにおけるいも遺伝資

　源の探索収集ジーンバンクカンショ，バレイショ村上紀夫（北海道根訓農試）

小村国則（長崎県総農試愛野馬鈴薯支場）ウルグアイ，チリH4. 3. 2 - 3. 30

5) パキスタンにおけるイネ・マメ・雑穀類遺　伝資源の探索収集

外務省特別拠出金イネ，マメ類，雑穀類奥野員敏（生物研）　　　　　　　　　　　河瀬眞琴（生物研）　　　　　　　　　　　江川宣伸（生物研）

パキスタン　　　　　　　　　　　H3. 9. 11 - 11. 6

H4 1) インド国におけるゴマ遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンクゴマ古明池通孝（農研センター）河瀨眞琴（生物研）

インドH4. 9. 23 - 10. 18

2) マダガスカルにおける稲遺伝資源の探索収　集

ジーンバンク稲堀内久満（福井県農試）上原泰樹（青森県農試）

マダガスカルH5. 2. 24 - 3. 28

3) メキシコにおける桑遺伝資源の調査ジーンバンク桑片桐幸逸（蚕昆研）國友義博（山梨県蚕試）

メキシコH4. 11. 19 - 12. 9

4) ブラジルにおけるパインアップル遺伝資源　の調査と収集

ジーンバンクパインアップル池宮秀和（沖縄県農試）時任俊広（鹿児島県農試）

ブラジルH4. 11. 4 - 11. 25

5) 半島マレーシアにおけるアズキ亜属野生種　の探索収集

環境庁地球環境研究　総合推進費

アズキ亜属野生種友岡憲彦（生物研）　　　　　　　　　　江川宣伸（熱帯農業研究センター）

マレーシア　　　　　　　　　　　H5. 2. 8 - 2. 19

H5 1) ガーナ国における野菜およびマメ類遺伝資　源の調査と収集

ジーンバンクナス，マメ類門馬信二（野菜茶試）伊藤喜三男（長野県中信農試）

ガーナH5. 10. 19 - 11. 18

2) ベトナムにおける稲遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク稲國廣泰史（生物研）井上正勝（愛知県農総試）

ベトナムH6. 2. 24 - 3. 25

3) ベトナムにおける豆類遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンクダイズ，ササゲ，リョクトウ，ツルアズキ，　　ラッカセイ，フジマメ，ベニバナインゲン，　　キマメ，その他

小林勉（長野県中信農試）島田尚典（北海道立十勝農試）

ベトナムH6. 2. 24 - 3. 23

4) エクアドルおよびボリビア国における根茎　作物遺伝資源の調査

ジーンバンクオカ，ウルコ，マシュア他中野尚夫（岡山県農試）白井和栄（北海道立植物遺伝資源センター）

エクアドル，ボリビアH6. 2. 28 - 3. 21

5) ロシアカフカス地方における牧草遺伝資源　の探索収集

外務省特別拠出金牧草山口秀和（北海道農試）　　　　　　　　　門馬栄秀（草地試験場）

ロシア　　　　　　　　　　　　　H5. 8. 24 - 9. 22

6) 中央アジアにおける果樹遺伝資源の探索収　集

外務省特別拠出金果樹全般真田哲朗（果樹試）　　　　　　　　　　　別所英男（果樹試）

ウズベキスタン，カザフスタン，　　キルギスタン，タジキスタン　　　H5. 8. 28 - 9. 23

7) 中央アジアにおけるムギ類遺伝資源の探索　収集

外務省特別拠出金ムギ類奥野員敏（生物研）　　　　　　　　　　　吉田久（農研センター）

トルクメニスタン，ウズベキスタン，カザフスタン　　　　　　　　　　H5. 6. 6 - 7. 5

8) 中央アジア諸国における野菜類遺伝資源の　共同探索・収集

外務省特別拠出金野菜全般吉田建実（野菜茶試）小島昭夫（生物研）

ウズベキスタン，カザフスタン，　　キルギスタン，ロシア　　　　　　H5. 8. 23 - 9. 16

9) 中央アジアにおけるマメ類遺伝資源の探索　収集

外務省特別拠出金マメ類友岡憲彦（生物研）　　　　　　　　　　　中野寛（JIRCAS)

ウズベキスタン，タジキスタン，キルギスタン　　　　　　　　　　H5. 8. 28 - 9. 24

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年度調　査　課　題プロジェクト対　象　作　物担　当　者（所属機関）派　遣　先　・　期　間H6 1) パキスタン国における麦類遺伝資源の探索

　収集ジーンバンク麦類田谷省三（中国農試）

石川直幸（栃木県農試）パキスタンH6. 6. 1 - 6. 21

2) フィリピンにおけるサツマイモ遺伝資源の　探索収集

ジーンバンクカンショ軽部稔（鹿児島県農試）泉澤直（茨城県農総センター）

フィリピンH6. 8. 9 - 9. 9

3) ベトナム国におけるサトイモ遺伝資源の共　同探索

ジーンバンクサトイモ森下正博（大阪府農技センター）ベトナムH6. 11. 29 - 12. 28

4) カザフスタン，ウズベキスタン国における　花き類遺伝資源の探索収集

ジーンバンクチューリップ，ユリ篠田浩一（北海道農試）浦島修（富山県農技センター）

カザフスタン，ウズベキスタンH6. 6. 6 - 7. 17

5) 北カフカスにおけるムギ類近縁野生種遺伝　資源の探索収集

外務省特別拠出金ムギ類奥野員敏（生物研）　　　　　　　　　　　吉田久（農研センター）

北カフカス　　　　　　　　　　　H6. 6. 7. - 6. 27

6) ベトナムにおけるイネ遺伝資源の探索収集外務省特別拠出金イネ福岡修一（生物研）　　　　　　　　　　　池田良一（農研センター）

ベトナム　　　　　　　　　　　　H6. 11. 29 - 12. 30

7) スリランカにおける豆類遺伝資源の探索収　集

JICA ササゲ属マメ類中山博貴（生物研）スリランカ　　　　　　　　　　　H7. 2. 2 - 3. 2

8) モンゴルにおける遺伝資源の探索収集　－　ネギ属を中心として－

農水省委託ネギ芦沢正和（全国農業組合連合会）　　　　　野村和成（日大）

モンゴル　　　　　　　　　　　　H6. 7. 29 - 8. 28

H7 1) ブルガリアおよびギリシャにおける牧草遺　伝資源の共同探索

ジーンバンクエンバク，Medicago 属等我有満（長野県畜試）神戸三智雄（愛知県総合農試）

ブルガリア，ギリシャH7. 7. 1 - 7. 31

2) ケニアにおける野菜類遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンクウリ科およびナス科野菜の近縁野生種石内傳治（野菜茶試）松本満夫（高知県農技センター）

ケニアH7. 9. 5 - 10. 7

3) スリランカにおける茶遺伝資源の探索ジーンバンク茶武田善行（野菜茶試）吉留浩（宮崎県総合農試）

スリランカH7. 11. 9 - 12. 7

4) パラグアイ，ボリビアにおける豆類（落花生，　インゲンマメ等）の遺伝資源の調査収集

ジーンバンク落花生，インゲンマメ，ササゲ等木佐貫守（宮崎県総合農試）佐藤仁（北海道十勝農試）

パラグアイ，ボリビアH8. 2. 28 - 3. 28

5) トルクメニスタン，ロシアにおける果樹遺　伝資源の調査収集

外務省特別拠出金果樹全般真田哲朗（果樹試）　　　　　　　　　　　平川信之（果樹試）　　　　　　　　　　　小森貞男（果樹試）

トルクメニスタン，ロシア　　　　H7. 8. 29 - 10. 12

6) ベトナム北西部におけるイネ遺伝資源の調　査収集

外務省特別拠出金イネ福岡修一（生物研）　　　　　　　　　　　奥野員敏（生物研）

ベトナム　　　　　　　　　　　　H7. 11. 7 - 12. 2

7) ベトナム北東部におけるイネ遺伝資源の調　査収集

外務省特別拠出金イネ東正昭（東北農試）　　　　　　　　　　　高館正男（農研センター）　　　　　　

ベトナム　　　　　　　　　　　　H7. 11. 4 - 12. 3

H8 1) パキスタン国における麦類遺伝資源の野外　調査

ジーンバンクコムギ，オオムギ（在来種，近縁野生種）古庄雅彦（福岡県農総試）谷藤健（北海道北見農試）

パキスタンH8. 6. 28 - 7. 28

2) 東欧地域における牧草遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンクペレニアルライグラス，チモシー等寒地型牧草山田敏彦（山梨県酪試）鳥越昌隆（北海道北見農試）

ポーランド，チェコ，スロバキアH8. 7. 27 - 8. 26

3) ベトナム国北部におけるイネ遺伝資源の共　同調査と収集

ジーンバンクイネ在来品種江花薫子（生物研）岡本和之（茨城県生工研）

ベトナムH8. 11. 5 - 12. 4

4) ケニアにおけるソルガム遺伝資源の探索収　集

ジーンバンクソルガム属鶴見義朗（草地試）春日重光（長野県畜試）

ケニアH8. 1. 25 - 2. 22

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年度調　査　課　題プロジェクト対　象　作　物担　当　者（所属機関）派　遣　先　・　期　間H8 5) ベトナム国におけるカンキツ遺伝資源の共

　同探索収集外務省特別拠出金カンキツ類大村三郎（果樹試）　　　　　　　　　　　

山本雅史（果樹試）ベトナム　　　　　　　　　　　　H8. 11.18 - 12.18

6) ベトナム国における野菜遺伝資源の共同探　索と収集

外務省特別拠出金野菜全般吉田建実（野菜茶試）若生忠幸（野菜茶試）

ベトナム　　　　　　　　　　　　H8. 11. 10 - 12. 1

7) タイにおけるササゲ属アズキ亜属野生種と　それらに着生する根粒菌の収集

科学技術庁振興調整費

ササゲ属アズキ亜属マメ類友岡憲彦（生物研）タイ　　　　　　　　　　　　　　H8. 11. 25 - 12. 8

H9 1) カザフスタンにおけるネギ属遺伝資源の共　同探索

ジーンバンクネギ属小島昭夫（野菜茶試）カザフスタンH9. 8. 12 - 9. 6

2) ベトナム中部における稲遺伝資源の探索収　集

ジーンバンクイネ栽培種矢頭治（北陸農試）福井清美（鹿児島県農試）

ベトナムH9. 11. 7 - 12. 6

3) ベトナム北部における果樹遺伝資源の共同　探索収集

ジーンバンクカンキツ，ビワ根角博久（果樹試）佐藤義彦（長崎県果樹試）

ベトナムH9. 11. 7 - 12. 6

4) タイにおける熱帯果樹遺伝資源の調査と収　集

ジーンバンク熱帯果樹小森貞男（国際農研）小川一紀（果樹試）

タイH10. 2. 25 - 3. 25

5) ベトナム国における植物遺伝資源の生息域　内保存研究のための事前調査

開発途上国生物　　　遺伝資源共同調査事業

作物全般奥野員敏（生物研）ベトナム　　　　　　　　　　　　H10. 2. 11 - 2. 1

H10 1) ギリシャにおける麦類遺伝資源の探索ジーンバンクムギ類土井芳憲（四国農試）牛山智彦（長野農試）

ギリシャH10. 6. 12 - 7. 12

2) アルメニアおよびグルジアにおける果樹遺　伝資源の探索収集

ジーンバンク落葉果樹西村幸一（山形園試）阿部和幸（果樹試）

アルメニア，グルジアH10. 7. 11 - 8. 17

3) ベトナム国南部における稲遺伝資源の探索　収集

ジーンバンクイネ勝田（石）真澄（生物研）山口誠之（東北農試）

ベトナムH10. 11. 17 - 12. 16

4) ベトナム中北部におけるカンキツ遺伝資源　の共同探索収集

ジーンバンクカンキツ根角博久（果樹試）国賀武（果樹試）

ベトナムH10. 11. 17 - 12. 16

5) ベトナム国における植物遺伝資源の生息域　内保存研究

開発途上国生物　　　遺伝資源共同調査事業

イネ福岡修一（生物研）ベトナム　　　　　　　　　　　　H.10. 9. 21 - 9. 25

H11 1) ギリシャ国におけるアブラナ科野生種と在　来野菜品種の共同探索・収集

ジーンバンクアブラナ科野生種等飛騨健一（野茶試）塚埼光（野茶試）

ギリシャH11. 6. 29 - 7. 30

2) タイにおけるサトウキビ近縁遺伝資源の調　査収集

ジーンバンクサトウキビ野生種伊禮信（沖縄県農試）杉本明（九州農試）

タイH11. 11. 16 - 12. 15

3) ミヤンマー連邦における稲遺伝資源の探索　収集

ジーンバンクイネ三浦清之（生物研）坂井真（農研センター）

ミャンマーH11. 11. 16 - 12. 15

4) スペインにおけるカンキツ類遺伝資源の調　査と収集

ジーンバンクカンキツ根角博久（果樹試）三谷宣仁（果樹試）

スペインH12. 2. 22 - 3. 11

5) ミヤンマー国における雑穀および特用作物　遺伝資源の探索収集のための現地事前調査

ジーンバンクソバ，ハトムギ，コンニャク等石田正彦（東北農試）手塚隆久（九州農試）

ミャンマーH12. 3. 28 - 4. 10

6) ベトナム国における植物遺伝資源の生息域　内保存研究

開発途上国生物遺伝資源共同調査事業

イネ福岡修一（生物研）ベトナム

7) タイにおける耐暑性アズキ近縁野生種の分　布調査

生研機構マメ類（アズキ近縁野生種）友岡憲彦（生物研）江川宣伸（国際農研）

タイ　　　　　　　　　　　　　　H11. 11. 15 - 12. 12

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年度調　査　課　題プロジェクト対　象　作　物担　当　者（所属機関）派　遣　先　・　期　間H11 8) スリランカにおけるアズキ近縁野生種の分

　布調査JICA マメ類（アズキ近縁野生種）友岡憲彦（生物研）スリランカ　　　　　　　　　　　

H12. 1. 24 - 2. 11H12 1) ミャンマー連邦シャン州北部およびカチン

　州における稲遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンクイネ滝田正（東北農試）

田村泰章（北陸農試）ミヤンマーH12. 11. 16 - 12. 15

2) ベトナム国における豆類遺伝資源の共同調　査収集

ジーンバンク豆類島田尚典（東北農試）笠原賢明（北海道農試）

ベトナムH12. 10. 23 - 11. 21

3) ミャンマー連邦北シャン州における雑穀・　コンニャク遺伝資源の探索収集

ジーンバンクソバ，ハトムギ，コンニャク手塚隆久（九州農試）内田秀司（群馬農試）

ミヤンマーH12. 12. 1 - 12. 31

4) イタリア・フランス・スペインにおけるフェ　スク類，ロリウム類遺伝資源の探索収集

ジーンバンクフェスク類，ロリウム類桂真昭（九州農試）上山泰史（茨城畜試）

イタリア，フランス，スペインH12. 6. 13 - 7. 22

5) ブータン国における植物遺伝資源の探索収　集事前調査

ジーンバンク作物共通長峰司（生物研）白田和人（生物研）

ブータンH13. 1. 27 - 2. 4

H13 1) 豪州における植物遺伝資源の探索収集事前　調査

ジーンバンク野生稲等岩本政雄（生物研）平林秀介（作物研）

オーストラリアH14. 1. 28 - 2. 2

2) ミャンマー国におけるマメ類遺伝資源の共　同調査収集

ジーンバンクダイズ等マメ類高橋浩司（作物研）石井卓朗（生物研）

ミャンマーH14. 2. 23 - 3. 16

3) ミャンマー連邦カチン州におけるソルガム　等の牧草遺伝資源の共同調査収集

ジーンバンクソルガム等牧草類中川仁（畜草研）眞田康治（北海道農研）

ミャンマーH14. 3. 1 - 3. 30

4) 台湾における熱帯野菜・果樹遺伝資源の探　索収集事前調査

ジーンバンク熱帯野菜，熱帯亜熱帯果樹類江川宜伸（国際農研）小川一紀（国際農研）

台湾H14. 3. 11 - 3. 23

H14 1) 豪州における野生稲の探索収集ジーンバンク野生稲平林秀介（作物研）岩本政雄（生物研

オーストラリアH14. 4. 23 - 5. 9

2) ミャンマーにおけるマメ類遺伝資源の調査　と収集

ジーンバンク栽培および野生豆類友岡憲彦（生物研）加賀秋人（生物研）

ミャンマーH14. 10. 15 - 11. 15

3) トルコにおける果樹遺伝資源の探索収集事　前調査

ジーンバンク果樹薬師寺博（果樹研）長峰司（生物研）

トルコH14. 5. 5 - 5. 11

4) ベトナム北部におけるチャ遺伝子資源の共　同探索収集

ジーンバンクチャ根角厚司（野菜茶業研）大前英（野菜茶業研）

ベトナムH14. 11. 25 - 12. 17

5) On-farm 遺伝資源保存技術の確立を目的と　した韓国におけるゴマとエゴマの調査

ジーンバンクゴマ，エゴマ新田みゆき（生物研）　　　　　　　　　　長峰司（生物研）

韓国H14. 8. 26 - 9. 1，H14. 10. 12 - 10. 22

H15 1) ロシアおよびアゼルバイジャンにおけるテ　ンサイ遺伝資源の共同調査収集

ジーンバンクテンサイ田口和憲（北海道農研）久保友彦（北海道大学）

ロシア，アゼルバイジャン　H15. 8. 2 - 8. 19

2) トルコ共和国における核果類およびリンゴ　遺伝資源の共同調査収集

ジーンバンク核果類薬師寺博（果樹研）石黒亮（山形県立園芸試験場）

トルコ共和国H15. 6. 29 - 7. 18

3) 大韓民国におけるカキ遺伝資源の探索・調　査

ジーンバンクカキ山田昌彦（果樹研究所）板村裕之（島根大学）平智（山形大学）

韓国H15. 10. 11 - 10. 25

4) ベトナム北部山岳地域におけるチャ遺伝資　源の共同探索収集

ジーンバンクチャ根角厚司（野菜茶業研究所）吉田克志（野菜茶業研究所）

ベトナムH15. 11. 23 - 12. 15

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年度調　査　課　題プロジェクト対　象　作　物担　当　者（所属機関）派　遣　先　・　期　間H15 5) パキスタン国におけるクワ遺伝資源の共同

　調査収集ジーンバンククワ小山朗夫（生物研）パキスタン

H15. 6. 10 - 6. 20，H15. 12. 1 - 12. 106) ロシアにおける植物資源の探索収集の事前　調査

ジーンバンク作物共通長峰司（生物研）久田方彦（生物研）

ロシアH15. 7. 6 - 7. 13

7) 中国新彊ウイグル自治区における植物資源　の探索収集事前調査

ジーンバンク作物共通長峰司（生物研）中国H15. 9. 9 - 9. 16

8) ラオスにおけるササゲ属マメ類遺伝資源の　調査

ジーンバンクササゲ属マメ類友岡憲彦（生物研）加賀秋人（生物研）

ラオスH15. 11. 15 - 11. 26

9) インドネシアにおけるサツマイモ遺伝資源　の共同調査

ジーンバンクサツマイモ中谷誠（作物研）　　　　　　　　　　　　長峰司（生物研）

インドネシア　　H13. 3. 1 - 3. 2，H13. 7. 11 - 8. 1，　 H14 .7. 5 - 7. 15，H15. 6. 14 - 6. 23

H16 1) ミャンマーにおける野生イネの探索収集ジーンバンク野生稲等河瀬眞琴（生物研）宇賀優作（生物研）

ミャンマー　H16. 11. 10 - 12. 9

2) パプアニューギニアにおけるマメ類および　共生微生物遺伝資源多様性の現地調査と保　全

ジーンバンクマメ類友岡憲彦（生物研）パプアニューギニアH16. 6. 20 - 7. 10

3) 中国新彊ウイグル自治区における果樹遺伝　資源の共同調査プロジェクトの事前調査

ジーンバンク果樹佐藤義彦（果樹研）山口正己（果樹研）　　　　　　　　　　　白田和人（生物研）　

中国（新彊ウイグル自治区）H16. 8. 18 - 8. 30

4) ベトナム北部におけるマメ類遺伝資源の共　同調査収集

豆類生産振興対策予算マメ類島田尚典（十勝農試）大西志全（十勝農試）

ベトナム　　　　　　　　　　　　H15. 10. 27 - 11. 25

5) 中国雲南省およびラオス北部におけるマメ　類および共生微生物遺伝資源多様性の現地　調査と保全

地球研プロジェクトマメ類友岡憲彦（生物研）中国：H16. 10. 10 - 10. 22 　ラオス：H16. 11. 6 - 11. 22

H17 1) パプアニューギニアにおけるイネ科・マメ　科野生種等の共同探索収集

ジーンバンクイネ科・マメ科野生種等 Duncan A.VAUGHAN（生物研）加賀秋人（生物研）友岡憲彦（生物研）

パプアニューギニア　H17. 6. 12 - 6. 28

2) ミャンマー北西部および南東部地域におけ　る野生イネの探索収集

ジーンバンク野生イネ宇賀優作（生物研）河瀨眞琴（生物研）

ミャンマーH17. 10. 13 - 11. 12

3) ベトナムにおけるヤマノイモ遺伝資源共同　探索調査

ジーンバンクヤマノイモ類田縁勝洋（北海道立十勝農試）米村善栄（鳥取県園試）

ベトナムH17. 10. 31 - 11 .30

4) ロシア・サハリンにおけるダッタンソバ等　資源作物遺伝資源の共同調査収集

ジーンバンクダッタンソバ等本田裕（北海道農研）鈴木達郎（北海道農研）

ロシア（サハリン）　H17. 8. 31 - 9. 14

5) 中国新彊ウイグル自治区における果樹遺伝　資源の共同調査プロジェクト

ジーンバンク果樹佐藤義彦（果樹研）山口正己（果樹研）上田恵理子（果樹研）山本俊哉（果樹研）　

中国（新彊ウイグル自治区）H17. 10. 11 - 10. 20

6) ミャンマー連邦における野菜遺伝資源の共　同探索調査

ジーンバンク野菜齊藤猛雄（野茶研）松本満夫（高知県農業技術センター）

ミャンマーH17. 10. 13 - 11. 12

- 355 -

年度調　査　課　題プロジェクト対　象　作　物担　当　者（所属機関）派　遣　先　・　期　間H17 7) 東ティモールにおけるマメ類および共生微

　生物遺伝資源多様性の保全ジーンバンクマメ類友岡憲彦（生物研）東ティモール　　　　　　　　　　

H17 .5. 16 - 5. 248) ラオスにおけるマメ類および共生微生物遺　伝資源多様性の保全

ジーンバンクマメ類友岡憲彦（生物研）ラオス　　　　　　　　　　　　　H17. 11. 6 - 11. 24

H18 1) 西アフリカ地域セネガルおよびギニアにお　けるアフリカイネの共同探索調査

ジーンバンクアフリカイネ坂上潤一（国際農研）河野尚由（国際農研）

セネガル，ギニアH18. 10. 24 - 10. 31，H18. 11. 19 - 11. 24

2) ブルガリア山岳地帯におけるマメ科飼料作　物の共同探索収集

ジーンバンクマメ科飼料作物奥村健治（北海道農研）林拓（北海道立根釧農試）

ブルガリアH18. 7. 21 - 8. 2

3) パプアニューギニアウェスタン州及びガル　フ州における共同探索収集

ジーンバンクイネ科・マメ科野生種等 Duncan A. VAUGHAN（生物研）パプアニューギニアH18. 7. 3 - 7. 21


ジーンバンク果樹佐藤義彦（果樹研）山口正己（果樹研）

中国（新彊ウイグル自治区）H18. 8. 29 - 9. 13

5) ブータン王国における植物遺伝資源の事前　調査

ジーンバンク作物共通河瀨眞琴（生物研）奥泉久人（生物研）

ミャンマー，ブータンH18. 9. 5 - 9. 15

6) ミャンマーにおける伝統的作物の調査・収　集

科研費作物全般渡邉和男（筑波大）　　　　　　　　　　　河瀬眞琴（生物研）

ミャンマー　　　　　　　　　　　H18. 11. 14 - 12. 1

7) ラオスにおけるマメ類および共生微生物遺　伝資源多様性の保全

ジーンバンクマメ類友岡憲彦（生物研）ラオス　　　　　　　　　　　　　H18. 11. 13 - 11. 21

H19 1) 大韓民国におけるカンキツ類遺伝資源の共　同調査

ジーンバンクカンキツ類根角博久（果樹研）今井篤（果樹研）谷本恵美子（長崎県）

韓国（済州島）H19. 11. 21 - 11. 28


ジーンバンクナシ，核果類佐藤義彦（果樹研）山口正己（果樹研）

中国（新疆ウイグル自治区）H19. 8. 26 - 9. 7

3) ラオスにおける野菜遺伝資源の共同探索ジーンバンクウリ科野菜，ナス科野菜坂田好輝（野茶研）齊藤猛雄（野茶研）加藤鎌司（岡山大）田中克典（地球研）

ラオスH19. 10. 17 - 11. 2

4) ブータン王国におけるマメ類および雑穀類　の植物遺伝資源多様性の保全

ジーンバンク豆類，雑穀友岡憲彦（生物研）奥泉久人（生物研）

ブータンH19. 9. 25 - 10. 18

5) インド・タミルナドゥ州におけるマメ科植　物遺伝資源多様性の保全

ジーンバンク豆類友岡憲彦（生物研インド（タミルナドゥ）H20. 3. 1 - 3. 16

6) インド・タミルナドゥ州における雑穀類と　豆類探索収集の事前調査

ジーンバンク豆類，雑穀河瀨眞琴（生物研）福井邦明（生物研

インド（タミルナドゥ）H19. 10. 16 - 11. 2

H20 1) インド・タミルナドゥ州におけるマメ科植　物遺伝資源多様性の保全

ジーンバンク豆類友岡憲彦（生物研）加賀秋人（生物研）

インドH21. 1. 27 - 2. 13

2) ラオスにおける野菜遺伝資源の共同探索ジーンバンクウリ科野菜，ナス科野菜斎藤新（野茶研）田中克典（地球研）

ラオスH20. 8. 6 - 9. 2

- 356 -

年度調　査　課　題プロジェクト対　象　作　物担　当　者（所属機関）派　遣　先　・　期　間H21 1) ラオスにおける野菜遺伝資源の共同探索ジーンバンクウリ科野菜，ナス科野菜松永啓（野菜茶研）

杉山充啓（野菜茶研）田中克典（地球研）

ラオスH21. 10. 25 - 11. 12

H22 1) ミャンマーにおける伝統的作物の調査・収　集

科研費作物全般河瀨眞琴（生物研）山本伸一（生物研）渡邉和男（筑波大）

ミャンマーH23. 3. 4 - 3. 18

2) インドにおける豆科植物遺伝資源の探索・　収集

ジーンバンク豆類，雑穀友岡憲彦（生物研）インドH23. 2. 2 - 2. 6

3) ラオスにおけるソルガムなどバイオマス作　物の調査・収集

ジーンバンクソルガム奥泉久人（生物研）ラオスH23. 1. 16 - 2. 2

4) ミャンマーにおける伝統的作物の調査・収　集

科研費作物全般河瀨眞琴（生物研）山本伸一（生物研）渡邉和男（筑波大）

ミャンマーH21. 10. 7 - 10. 20

H23 1) カンボジアにおけるマメ科植物遺伝資源多　様性の保全

ジーンバンク豆類友岡憲彦（生物研）カンボジアH23. 11. 8 - 11. 19

2) ラオス北部における伝統的作物および有用　植物の共同現地調査

科研費作物全般河瀬眞琴（生物研）渡邉和男（筑波大）

ラオス　　　　　　　　　　　　　H23. 11. 22 - 11. 29

3) ケニアにおけるギニアグラスの探索・収集－ギニアグラス奥泉久人（生物研）蝦名真澄（畜草研）

ケニア　　　　　　　　　　　　　H22. 3. 4 - 3. 14

H24 1) カンボジアにおけるマメ科植物遺伝資源多　様性の保全

ジーンバンク豆類友岡憲彦（生物研）カンボジアH24. 11. 12- 11. 24

2) ラオスにおけるソルガム等の共同調査ジーンバンクソルガム等奥泉久人（生物研）ラオスH24. 6. 11 - 6. 24

H25 1) カンボジアにおけるマメ科遺伝資源多様性　の保全


2) ミャンマーにおける農林業の生物多様性・　遺伝資源・伝統的知識に関わる政策：シー　ドバンクの戦略的役割についての展望

科研費作物全般渡邉和男（筑波大）香坂玲 ( 金沢大 )

ミャンマー　　　　　　　　　　　H25. 9. 16 - 9. 20

3) インドアッサム州におけるタロイモ野生種　および栽培種の探索・収集

科研費タロイモ（野生種および栽培種） Matthews PJ（国立民族学博物館）インド　　　　　　　　　　　　　H25. 10. 10 - 10. 18

H26 1) カンボジアにおけるマメ科遺伝資源多様性　の保全


2) ラオスにおける植物遺伝資源の探索・収集ジーンバンクソルガム等奥泉久人（生物研）ラオスH26. 12. 16 - 12. 24

3) ラオスにおける雑穀遺伝資源の探索・収集科研費雑穀類全般奥泉久人（生物研）　　　　　　　渡邉和男（筑波大）

ラオスH26. 10. 16 - 11. 1

4) カンボジアにおけるナス科およびウリ科野　菜遺伝資源の探索・収集

PGRAsia ナス科，ウリ科野菜松永啓（野菜茶研）友岡憲彦（生物研）

カンボジア　　　　　　　　　　　H26. 11. 9 - 11. 22.

5) ベトナムにおけるウリ科野菜遺伝資源の探　索・収集

PGRAsia ウリ科野菜杉山充啓（野菜茶研）　　　　　　　　　　江花薫子（生物研）

ベトナム　　　　　　　　　　　　H26. 11. 9 - 11. 22

- 357 -

年度調　査　課　題プロジェクト対　象　作　物担　当　者（所属機関）派　遣　先　・　期　間H26 6) ラオスにおける野菜遺伝資源の探索・収集 PGRAsia ナス齋藤猛雄（野菜茶研）

岩堀英明（九沖農研）ラオス　　　　　　　　　　　　　H26. 11. 24 - 12. 10

7) インド北東部およびミャンマーザガイン地　域北部における栽培植物および有用植物の　予備的観察

科研費作物全般河瀬眞琴（生物研・筑波大）土門英司（生物研）

インド：H25. 1. 31 - 2. 15　　　　　ミャンマー：H26. 1. 30 - 2. 12

8) ラオスにおけるイネ在来種の探索・収集 JSPS イネ渡邉和男（筑波大）奥泉久人（生物研）山本伸一（生物研）

ラオス　　　　　　　　　　　　　H26. 10. 16 - 11. 1

9) ミャンマーザガイン地域北部における栽培　植物および有用植物の探索・収集

科研費作物全般河瀬眞琴（生物研・筑波大）土門英司（生物研）

ミャンマー　　　　　　　　　　　H26. 11. 6 - 11. 26

10) ミャンマー北東部，タイ北部およびラオス　北部における栽培植物および有用植物の予　備的観察

科研費作物全般渡邉和男（筑波大）山本伸一（生物研）

ミャンマー，タイ，ラオス　　　　H25. 11. 10 - 11. 26

11) ラオス北部における商業流通栽作物および　有用植物の調査

科研費作物全般山本伸一（生物研）　　　　　　　　　　　奥泉久人（生物研）

ラオス　　　　　　　　　　　　　H26. 10. 15 - 11. 3

H27 1) カンボジアにおける植物遺伝資源の探索・　収集

ジーンバンク雑穀奥泉久人（農研機構遺伝資源センター）カンボジアH27. 11. 8 - 11. 26

2) カンボジアにおけるウリ科作物遺伝資源の　探索

PGRAsia ウリ科作物田中克典（弘前大）山下洋士（岡山大）

カンボジアH27. 11. 8 - 11. 25

3) カンボジアにおけるナス科野菜遺伝資源の　共同探索

PGRAsia ナス科野菜田中義行（岡山大）松永啓（農研機構野菜花き研究部門）

カンボジアH27. 11. 8 - 11. 21

4) ベトナムにおける野菜遺伝資源の共同探索 PGRAsia 野菜全般下村晃一郎（農研機構野菜花き研究部門）杉山慶太（農研機構北海道農研センター）吉岡洋輔（筑波大）

ベトナムH27. 10. 10 - 10. 21

5) ラオスにおけるナス遺伝資源の共同探索 PGRAsia ナス齊籐猛雄（農研機構野菜花き研究部門）濱登尚徳（新潟県）小笠原一真（高知県）

ラオスH27. 11. 9 - 11. 25

6) ラオスにおける植物遺伝資源の探索・収集 PGRAsia 雑穀奥泉久人（農研機構遺伝資源センター）ラオスH27. 10. 22 - 10. 26

7) ネパールにおけるアマランサスおよびトウ　ガラシ遺伝資源の共同探索

PGRAsia アマランサス，トウガラシ根本和洋（信州大）松島憲一（信州大）

ネパールH27. 2. 12 - 2. 24

8) ミャンマー連邦共和国シャン州南部におけ　るアブラナ科野菜類の遺伝資源探索収集

PGRAsia アブラナ科野菜入江憲治（東京農大）和久井健司（東京農大）

ミャンマーH27. 9. 3 - 9. 17

9) ミャンマーにおける野菜遺伝資源（Hibiscus　属）の探索・収集

科研費ハイビスカス属野菜長嶋麻美（東京農大）入江憲治（東京農大）渡邉和男（筑波大）

ミャンマーH27. 12. 15 - H28. 2. 21

H28 1) ミャンマー Sagaing 地区における植物遺伝　資源の探索・収集

ジーンバンク / 科研費作物全般河瀨眞琴（農研機構遺伝資源センター）　渡邉和男（筑波大）

ミャンマー　　　　　　　　　　H26. 11. 22 - 11. 27，H27. 11. 8 - 11. 21

2) ミャンマー Sagaing 地区および Shan 州にお　ける植物遺伝資源の探索・収集

　ジーンバンク /　　　PGRAsia/ 科研費

作物全般河瀬眞琴（筑波大）渡邉和男（筑波大）内藤健（農研機構遺伝資源センター）

ミャンマー　H28. 10. 7 - 10. 30

- 358 -

年度調　査　課　題プロジェクト対　象　作　物担　当　者（所属機関）派　遣　先　・　期　間H28 3) ネパールにおけるマメ類遺伝資源の探索・

　収集ジーンバンクマメ類友岡憲彦（農研機構遺伝資源センター）　　

高橋有（農研機構遺伝資源センター）ネパール　　　　　　　　　　　　H28. 10. 26 - 11. 10

4) ベトナムにおける野菜類遺伝資源の探索・　収集

PGRAsia 野菜全般川頭洋一（農研機構野菜花き研究部門）加藤晶子（農研機構次世代作物開発研究　センター）

ベトナム　　　　　　　　　　　　H28. 10. 3 - 11. 13　

5) ラオスにおけるナス科野菜類遺伝資源の探　索・収集

PGRAsia ナス科野菜齊籐猛雄（農研機構野菜花き研究部門）ラオス　　　　　　　　　　　　　H.28. 11. 7 - 11. 23

6) カンボジアにおける穀類遺伝資源の探索・　収集

PGRAsia 雑穀全般奥泉久人（農研機構遺伝資源センター）カンボジア　　　　　　　　　　　H.28. 12. 4 - 12. 18

7) カンボジアにおけるウリ科野菜遺伝資源の　探索・収集

PGRAsia ウリ科野菜田中克典（弘前大）カンボジア　　　　　　　　　　　H.28. 11. 16 - 12. 4

8) カンボジア北部におけるカプシカム属遺伝　資源の探索・収集

PGRAsia トウガラシ松永啓（農研機構野菜花き研究部門）杉田亘（宮崎県）

カンボジア　　　　　　　　　　H28. 11. 16 - 11. 26

9) ミャンマー北部カチン州およびその周辺地　域におけるアブラナ科遺伝資源の探索収集

PGRAsia アブラナ科野菜吉田沙樹（東京農大）　　　　　　　　　　入江憲治（東京農大）

ミャンマー　　　　　　　　　　　H.28. 8. 21 - 9. 6

10) ネパール西部におけるウリ科野菜遺伝資源　の探索・収集

PGRAsia ウリ科野菜八城和敏（茨城県総合農業センター生工研）下村晃一郎（農研機構野菜花き研究部門）

ネパール　　　　　　　　　　　　H28. 11. 1 - 11. 15

11) ネパールにおける野菜類遺伝資源の探索・　収集

PGRAsia 野菜全般松島憲一（信州大）　　　　　　　　　　根本和洋（信州大）

ネパール　　　　　　　　　　　　H.28.

IV．国内植物遺伝資源探索収集チームの派遣実績Exploration organized in Japan since 1985

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年度調　査　課　題予算収　集　地　域担　当　機　関S60 1) 沖縄本島における遺伝資源収集報告ジーンバンク沖縄県果樹試・口之津支場・育種研S61 1) 茨城県北部および福島県南部における豆類および雑穀類の収集ジーンバンク茨城県，福島県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研

2) タチバナ及びヤマモモの遺伝資源収集ジーンバンク高知県，愛媛県，宮崎県果樹試・興津支場・育種２研3) チモシ一等寒地型イネ科牧草の遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク長野県，群馬県，山梨県草地試・育種部・育種１研4) ヒエ類の生態型の収集ジーンバンク熊本県，宮崎県九州農試・草地部・牧草１研5) 南西諸島の在来野菜の収集　－ウリ科ほか－ジーンバンク沖縄県（石垣島，波照間島，与那国島）野菜茶試・野菜育種部・育種２研6) 近畿地方の在来野菜の収集　－アブラナ科ほか－　　ジーンバンク滋賀県，京都府野菜茶試・野菜育種部・育種２研7) 寒地そば遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク北海道北農試・作物二部・特用作物研8) 暖地そば遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク宮崎県，鹿児島県九州農試・作物二部・作物４研

S62 1) 群馬県南西部新潟中越地方および福島県南会津地方における豆類雑穀類の　収集

ジーンバンク群馬県，新潟県，福島県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研

2) 中国 , 四国地方のキク野生種等収集ジーンバンク広島県，高知県，徳島県野菜茶試・花き部・切り花花き１研3) 茶宇治在来の収集ジーンバンク京都府野菜茶試・茶栽培部・育種法研4) 本州におけるペレニアルライグラスの収集ジーンバンク福島県，長野県，群馬県，茨城県，栃木県，青森県，

岩手県草地試・育種部・育種素材研

5) オガサワラグワの収集ジーンバンク東京都（父島，母島）蚕試・栽培部・桑育種１研S63 1) 埼玉県・長野県における雑豆および雑穀類在来種の探索収集ジーンバンク埼玉県，長野県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研

2) 新潟県南部・長野県北部地方における豆類および雑穀の収集ジーンバンク新潟県，長野県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研3) 福島県南会津地方における植物遺伝資源探索ジーンバンク福島県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研4) 関東 , 東海地域のゴマ , エゴマの在来種収集ジーンバンク長野県，埼玉県農研センター・作物第一部・資源作物研5) 沖縄県離島の在来甘しょの収集ジーンバンク沖縄県（栗国島，池間島，石垣島伊良部島，西表島，

久米島，黒島，宮古島，与那国島）農研センター・作物第一部・甘しょ育研

6) 中部地域の野生ダイズ（ツルマメ ) の収集ジーンバンク静岡県，山梨県，神奈川県農研センター・作物第一部・豆育研7) 国内の在来カキ樹の収集ジーンバンク岐阜県，奈良県，熊本県果樹試・安芸津支場・育種研8) 東海近畿地方のナス在来種の収集ジーンバンク奈良県，滋賀県，京都府，岐阜県，愛知県，三重県野菜茶試・野菜育種部・育種２研

H 元 1) 長野県下伊那郡における雑穀類と豆類の探索収集ジーンバンク長野県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研2) 沖縄県西表島におけるアズキ近縁野生種 Vigna riukiuensis, V. reflexo-pilosa 　の探索収集

ジーンバンク沖縄県（西表島）生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研

3) 沖縄離島の在来甘しょ収集ジーンバンク沖縄県（伊江島，伊平屋島，石垣島，座間味島，　渡嘉敷島，波照間島，平安座島）

農研センター・作物第一部・甘しょ育研

4) レンゲの収集（全国 ) ジーンバンク秋田県，山形県，栃木県，長野県，茨城県，千葉県，山梨県，埼玉県，群馬県，愛知県，岐阜県，山口県，高知県，愛媛県，徳島県，長崎県，佐賀県，福岡県，鹿児島県，熊本県

草地試・育種部・育種素材研

5) 東北北部野性リンゴ属植物の収集ジーンバンク岩手県，秋田県，青森県果樹試・盛岡支場・育種研6) 西南暖地におけるダイアンサス属野生種の探索収集ジーンバンク宮崎県，長野県，鹿児島県，広島県野菜茶試・花き部・切り花花き２研7) 熊本県および宮崎県山間部におけるヤマチャの収集ジーンバンク熊本県，宮崎県野菜茶試・久留米支場・茶樹育研8) 奄美諸島における甘しょ在来種の収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県（奄美諸島）九州農試・畑地利用部・甘しょ育種研

H2 1) 長野県 , 下伊那地方に栽培されている在来豆類・雑穀類の現地調査と収集ジーンバンク長野県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研2) 沖縄県与那国島におけるアズキ近縁野生種 , Vigna riukiuenses, V. reflexo- 　pilosa の探索収集

ジーンバンク沖縄県（与那国島）生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研

3) 岩手・山形県における作物在来種の探索・収集ジーンバンク岩手県，山形県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研

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年度調　査　課　題予算収　集　地　域担　当　機　関H2 4) 東北地方のえごま・ごまの在来種収集ジーンバンク岩手県，青森県，山形県東北農試・作物開発部・資源作物育研

5) 東北地方における自生ハマナスの収集ジーンバンク宮城県，岩手県，青森県，秋田県，新潟県（佐渡島），鳥取県，茨城県，千葉県

野菜茶試・花き部・緑化植物研

6) 宮古・八重山諸島の亜熱帯地域植物遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク沖縄県（宮古島，石垣島，西表島，伊良部島，与那国島）熱研センター・沖縄支所・作物導入栽培研7) 本邦在来イチゴ近縁種の収集ジーンバンク岐阜県，栃木県，北海道野菜茶試・久留米支場・育種２研8) 九州地域の大豆在来種の収集ジーンバンク福岡県，大分県九州農試・作物開発部・大豆育研

H3 1) 沖縄県における雑豆および雑穀類在来品種の探索収集ジーンバンク沖縄県（波照間島，多良間島，池間島，宮古島）生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研2) 秋田県南部 , 山形県北部における豆類遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク秋田県，山形県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研3) シバ属自生植物の収集（全国 ) ジーンバンク青森県，山形県，福島県，栃木県，群馬県，新潟県，

富山県，静岡県，三重県，兵庫県，岡山県，山口県，徳島県，愛媛県，高知県，福岡県，佐賀県，長崎県，大分県，宮崎県，鹿児島県

草地試・育種部・育種素材研

4) 北海道に自生するヤマグワ系野生桑の収集ジーンバンク北海道蚕昆研・松本支所・高冷地栽・桑技術研5) 北陸・東北地方のチャ在来種の収集ジーンバンク新潟県，秋田県，岩手県野菜茶試・茶栽培部・育種研6) 西日本地域における野生クリの収集ジーンバンク高知県，熊本県，宮崎県，静岡県果樹試・育種部・育種２研7) 四国・九州地域における野生ラン（セッコク ) の収集ジーンバンク宮崎県，鹿児島県，福岡県，愛媛県，香川県，高知県，

徳島県，兵庫県，広島県，京都府，和歌山県野菜茶試・花き部・流通技術研

H4 1) 徳島・高知県における雑穀類・豆類の探索収集ジーンバンク徳島県，高知県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研2) 沖縄本島 , 久米島および奄美大島における在来作物の収集と調査ジーンバンク沖縄県（沖縄本島，久米島），鹿児島県（奄美大島）生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研3) 中国地域におけるいぐさ在来種の探索収集ジーンバンク広島県，島根県農研センター・作物開発部・資源作物育研4) 東北・関東・東海地域におけるメロン遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク山形県，岩手県，宮城県，千葉県，静岡県，愛知県野菜茶試・野菜育種部・育種２研5) 中国地域における Elymus の国内遺伝資源の探索ジーンバンク鳥取県，島根県九州農試・水田利用部・耐性育種研6) 宮古・八重山諸島における亜熱帯植物遺伝資源の第二次収集ジーンバンク沖縄県（宮古島，八重山諸島）熱研センター・沖縄支所・作物育種研

H5 1) 高知県物部村および檮原町における作物在来種の調査と収集ジーンバンク高知県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研2) 種子島・屋久島における在来作物の探索収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県（種子島，屋久島）生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研3) 四国の山間・島嶼の在来甘しょの収集ジーンバンク高知県，愛媛県農研センター・作物開発部・甘しょ育研4) 九州，中・四国，北陸地方におけるペレニアルライグラスの収集ジーンバンク大分県，島根県，広島県，岡山県，愛媛県，高知県，

徳島県，福井県，石川県，新潟県草地試・育種部・育種素材研

5) 岡山県におけるモモ野生種の探索収集ジーンバンク岡山県果樹試・育種部・育種３研6) 南西諸島地域における芳香性野生ツバキ属の収集ジーンバンク沖縄県（石垣島）野菜茶試・花き部・育種法研7) 東北地域の野生ダイズ（ツルマメ ) の収集ジーンバンク秋田県東北農試・作物開発部・大豆育研8) 北陸地域における Leymus 及び Elymus 属の国内遺伝資源の探索ジーンバンク新潟県，富山県，石川県，福井県九州農試・水田利用部・耐性育法研・大麦育研

H6 1) 青森県津軽地方および南部地方における豆類・雑穀類在来品種の探索収集ジーンバンク青森県，岩手県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研2) 長崎県対馬における作物在来種の調査と収集ジーンバンク長崎県（対馬）生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研3) 五島列島における作物在来種の調査と収集ジーンバンク長崎県（五島列島）生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研4) 鹿児島県奄美諸島におけるイネ近縁属の探索・収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県（奄美諸島）農研センター・作物開発部・稲育法研5) 沖縄におけるウリ科在来種の遺伝資源探索と収集ジーンバンク沖縄県野菜茶試・久留米支場・育種１研6) 北陸東山地方のソバ在来の収集ジーンバンク新潟県，長野県北陸農試・作物開発部・畑作物育種研7) 奄美大島および甑島に自生するシマグワ系野生桑の収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県（奄美諸島，甑島）九州農試・作物開発部・桑育種・養蚕研8) 香川県 , 徳島県 , 高知県におけるさとうきび遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク香川県，徳島県，高知県九州農試・作物開発部・さとうきび育種研

H7 1) 岩手県北部および三陸地方における作物在来品種の調査と収集ジーンバンク岩手県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研2) 鹿児島県における在来作物の収集と調査ジーンバンク鹿児島県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研

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年度調　査　課　題予算収　集　地　域担　当　機　関H7 3) 隠岐諸島における作物在来種の調査と収集ジーンバンク島根県（隠岐諸島）生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研

4) 京都府および兵庫県における野生ダイズ（ツルマメ ) の収集ジーンバンク京都府，兵庫県農研センター・作物開発部・豆育研5) ウマゴヤシ類（Medicago spp. ) 国内遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク愛知県，岐阜県，静岡県，長野県，広島県，岡山県，

鳥取県，島根県草地試・育種部・育種１研

6) 南九州地域におけるカンキツ類遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県，熊本県果樹試・興津支場・育種１研7) 高知県および徳島県における自生チャの収集ジーンバンク高知県，徳島県野菜茶試・久留米支場・茶樹育研

H8 1) 島根県および広島県における在来作物の調査と収集ジーンバンク島根県，広島県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研2) 伊豆諸島三宅島における在来甘しょの収集ジーンバンク東京都（三宅島）農研センター・作物開発部・甘しょ育種研3) 北海道および青森県におけるヤマツツジの収集ジーンバンク北海道，青森県野菜茶試・久留米支場・花き研4) 青森県及び山形県におけるきくいもの収集ジーンバンク青森県，山形県北農試・畑作セ・遺伝資源研5) 北海道地域における Elymus 及び Leymus 属の国内遺伝資源の探索ジーンバンク北海道九州農試・水田利用部・麦育種研6) 九州地域における雑穀類遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク大分県，熊本県，宮崎県九州農試・作物開発部・資源作物研7) 南西諸島における豆類の探索収集ジーンバンク沖縄県（沖縄本島，伊江島）九州農試・作物開発部・大豆育種研8) 茨城・福島・新潟・栃木・熊本・福岡・佐賀県におけるダイズ近縁野生種　ツルマメおよびアズキ近縁野生種ヤブツルアズキの収集と調査

ジーンバンク茨城県，福島県，新潟県，栃木県，熊本県，福岡県，佐賀県

生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研

H9 1) 三重県および奈良県における豆類・雑穀類在来品種の探索収集ジーンバンク三重県，奈良県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研2) 国内の在来マタタビ属の収集ジーンバンク北海道，山形県，新潟県，富山県，岐阜県果樹試・カキブドウ支場・育種部3) 島根県および鳥取県におけるゴマ等伝統的作物の収集ジーンバンク島根県，鳥取県四国農試・作物開発部・上席研究官4) 東北地域における野生大豆（ツルマメ ) の収集　－山形県最上川流域－ジーンバンク山形県東北農試・作物開発部・大豆育種研5) 沖縄県本島における熱帯・亜熱帯果樹類の調査ジーンバンク沖縄県国際農研・沖縄・熱帯果樹研6) 日本にける作物近縁野生種の保存：Vigna 属ジーンバンク東北地方，九州北西部，関東地方，本州中部，　　　

近畿地方生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研

7) 作物近縁野生種の収集と調査　－東北地方におけるアズキおよびダイズ近　縁野生種－

ジーンバンク福島県，宮城県，岩手県，青森県，秋田県，山形県生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研

8) 作物近縁野生種の収集と調査　－本州中部におけるアズキおよびダイズ近　野生種－

ジーンバンク長野県，岐阜県，滋賀県，京都府，鳥取県，兵庫県，福井県，石川県，富山県，新潟県


9) 作物近縁野生種の収集と調査　－近畿地方におけるアズキおよびダイズ近　縁野生種－

ジーンバンク岡山県，兵庫県，和歌山県，奈良県，三重県生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研

10) 作物近縁野生種の収集と調査　－茨城県・栃木県・千葉県におけるアズキ　およびダイズ近縁野生種－

ジーンバンク茨城県，栃木県，千葉県生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研

11) 高知県中・西部における食用トウモロコシおよび食用ソルガム等の調査と　収集

地域振興　　　スクリーニング委託事業

高知県高知県農業技術センター・遺伝資源科

12) 甲信越地方における在来豆類・在来ソバの探索収集地域振興　　　スクリーニング委託事業

長野県，新潟県，山梨県長野県中信農業試験場

13) 沖縄におけるウリ科野菜遺伝資源の収集地域振興　　　スクリーニング委託事業

沖縄県全国農業協同組合連合会，　　　　　　　　　　　　沖縄県農業試験場・園芸支部

H10 1) 和歌山県 , 奈良県および三重県における作物在来種の調査と収集ジーンバンク和歌山県，奈良県，三重県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研2) 茨城県北部における作物在来品種の残存調査ジーンバンク茨城県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研3) 群馬県および山形県におけるアケビ属の探索収集ジーンバンク群馬県，山形県果樹試・育種部・遺伝資源研

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年度調　査　課　題予算収　集　地　域担　当　機　関H10 4) 北海道におけるコハマギク，イワギクの収集ジーンバンク北海道野菜茶試・花き部・育種研

5) 岡山県におおけるチャ遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク岡山県野菜茶試・茶栽培部・暖地茶樹育種研6) 東北地方におけるアブラナ科在来種の調査・収集ジーンバンク青森県，岩手県，秋田県，山形県，福島県東北農試・作物開発部・資源作物育種研7) 北海道，東北および中部山岳地帯におけるアカクローバおよびシャジクソ　ウの収集

ジーンバンク北海道，長野県北農試・草地部・マメ科牧育研

8) 日本における作物近縁野生種の保存：Vigna 属　－ 1. Introduction －ジーンバンク栃木県，茨城県，滋賀県，山口県，岡山県，広島県，鳥取県，島根県，香川県，愛媛県，高知県，福岡県，佐賀県，長崎県，熊本県，鹿児島県，宮崎県，大分県，愛知県，静岡県


9) 日本における作物近縁野生種の保存：Vigna 属　－ 2. 栃木・茨城・滋賀・　鳥取の集団のモニタリングと探索－

ジーンバンク栃木県，茨城県，滋賀県，鳥取県生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研

10) 作物近縁野生種の収集と調査　－ 3. 山陰地方および九州西北部地域におけ　るアズキとダイズの野生種を中心に－

ジーンバンク鳥取県，島根県，福岡県，佐賀県，長崎県生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研

11) 日本における作物近縁野生種の保存：Vigna 属　－ 4. 九州の探索－ジーンバンク福岡県，熊本県，鹿児島県，宮崎県，大分県生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研12) 日本における作物近縁野生種の保存：Vigna 属　－ 5. 山口，広島，岡山，愛知，　静岡の探索－

ジーンバンク山口県，広島県，岡山県，愛知県，静岡県生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研

13) 日本における作物近縁野生種の保存：Vigna 属　－ 6. 四国の探索－ジーンバンク香川県，愛媛県，高知県生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研H11 1) 関東・東山地域におけるソバ在来品種の分布調査と収集ジーンバンク栃木県，静岡県，愛知県九州農試・作物開発部・資源作物研

2) 北陸地域における雑穀類遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク新潟県，富山県，石川県，福井県東北農試・作物開発部・資源作物育種研3) 鹿児島県奄美諸島におけるさとうきび遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県九州農試・作物開発部・さとうきび育種研4) 長野県および京都府におけるユスラウメ系統の収集ジーンバンク長野県，京都府果樹試・育種部・核果類育種研5) 南西諸島におけるアズキ近縁野生種の分布調査と収集ジーンバンク沖縄県生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研6) 大分県，熊本県北部および宮崎県北部における作物在来品種の探索収集ジーンバンク大分県，熊本県，宮崎県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研7) 鳥取県と岡山県におけるアズキ（Vigna angularis var. angularis) 野生種のモニ　タリングと収集

ジーンバンク鳥取県，岡山県生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研

8) 長野県と新潟県におけるソラマメ（Vicia) 野生種の探索と収集ジーンバンク長野県，新潟県生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研H12 1) 福島県における作物在来品種の残存調査ジーンバンク福島県生物研・遺伝資源第一部・植物探索研

2) 鳥取県 , 岡山県 , 茨城県 , 栃木県におけるアズキ (Vigna angularis) 野生－栽培　－雑草種集団のモニタリング

ジーンバンク鳥取県，岡山県，茨城県，栃木県生物研・遺伝資源第二部・集団動態研

3) 高知県におけるナシ遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク高知県果樹試・育種部・ナシ・クリ育種研4) 南西諸島におけるカンキツ類遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県，沖縄県果樹試・カンキツ部・遺伝資源研5) 三重県および北海道におけるカワラナデシコ，エゾカワラナデシコの探索　収集

ジーンバンク三重県，北海道野茶試・花き部・育種研

6) 長崎県対馬地方におけるチャの調査と収集ジーンバンク長崎県野茶試・茶栽培部・育種研他H13 1) 新潟県佐渡島における作物在来種の調査と収集ジーンバンク新潟県生物研・ジーンバンク・植物資源研

2) 新潟県下越地域および山形県中部地域における作物在来品種の探索収集ジーンバンク新潟県，山形県生物研・ジーンバンク・植物資源研3) 長野県における Vigna，Vicia，Glycine 属野生種の調査と収集ジーンバンク長野県生物研・遺伝資源・集団動態研4) 長野県および愛知県北部におけるゴマ (Sesamum indicum) およびエゴマ　　 (Perilla frutescens) 在来種の探索収集

ジーンバンク長野県，愛知県作物研・畑作部・資源作物育種研

5) 九州地方南部及び長崎県北部におけるエンバク在来種の調査収集ジーンバンク宮崎県，鹿児島県，長崎県九州沖縄農研・畜産飼料作・牧草育種研6) 小笠原諸島におけるカンキツ遺伝資源の調査ジーンバンク東京都果樹研・カンキツ・素材開発研その他7) 長崎県五島列島におけるチャの調査と収集ジーンバンク長崎県野茶研・茶業研究部・育種研その他

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年度調　査　課　題予算収　集　地　域担　当　機　関H14 1) 愛知県北部における作物在来品種の調査と収集ジーンバンク愛知県（北部地域）生物研・ジーンバンク・植物資源研

2) 房総半島におけるツルマメの探索・収集ジーンバンク千葉県（房総半島）作物研・畑作研究部・豆類育種研3) 奄美大島におけるかんしょ在来種の収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県（奄美大島）九州沖縄農研・畑作研究部・サツマイモ育種研4) 鹿児島県におけるフダンソウ在来種の調査と収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県北農研・畑作研究部・てん菜育種研5) 沖縄におけるイチジク属遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク沖縄県果樹研・遺伝育種部・遺伝資源研6) 沖縄県の台湾導入実生茶樹群の収集ジーンバンク沖縄県野茶研・茶業研究部・育種素材開発チーム

H15 1) 能登半島における作物在来種の調査と収集ジーンバンク石川県，富山県生物研・ジーンバンク・植物資源研2) 岐阜県および愛知県北部におけるエゴマ (Perilla frutescens) およびゴマ　　(Sesamum indicum) 在来種の探索収集

ジーンバンク愛知県，岐阜県作物研・畑作部・資源作物育種研

3) 東北地域における野生大豆（ツルマメ ) の収集ジーンバンク岩手県東北農研・水田利用部・大豆育種研4) 青森県におけるモモ在来品種の探索ジーンバンク青森県果樹研・遺伝育種部・核果類育種研5) 北海道奥尻島におけるクワの探索収集ジーンバンク北海道生物研・昆虫生産工学研究 G・増殖システム研6) 四国地方で栽培・利用されるシソとエゴマの探索・収集－高知県，徳島県生物研・ジーンバンク7) 南九州におけるサトウキビ野生種の探索収集－鹿児島県，宮崎県国際農研・沖縄・育種素材開発研8) 鳥取県におけるアズキ（Vigna angularis) 栽培－雑草－野生種複合集団の収　集とモニタリング

－鳥取県生物研・遺伝資源グループ・集団動態研

H16 1) 九州南西部におけるサトウキビ野生種の収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県，宮崎県国際農研・沖縄・育種素材開発研2) 長野県におけるクリ遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク長野県果樹研・遺伝育種部・ナシクリ育種研3) 山梨県・長野県における果樹近縁種の収集ジーンバンク山梨県，長野県果樹研・遺伝育種部・遺伝資源研4) 三重県におけるチャの収集ジーンバンク三重県野茶研・茶業研究部・育種研5) 徳島県におけるツルマメの収集ジーンバンク徳島県，高知県近中四農研・作物開発部・大豆育種研6) 四国山地におけるエゴマの収集ジーンバンク徳島県，高知県生物研・ジーンバンク・上席7) 北海道におけるヤマグワ野生種の収集ジーンバンク北海道生物研・昆虫生産工学研究 G・増殖システム研8) 野生ダイズと栽培ダイズとの自然交雑集団の探索と収集－秋田県および広　島県における予備的調査－

ジーンバンク秋田県，広島県生物研・遺伝資源グループ・集団動態研

9) 野生ダイズ，栽培ダイズおよび両種の自然交雑集団の探索，収集とモニタ　リング　－秋田県，茨城県，愛知県，広島県，佐賀県における現地調査か　ら－

ジーンバンク秋田県，茨城県，愛知県，広島県，佐賀県生物研・遺伝資源グループ・集団動態研

10) 石垣島におけるマメ類および共生微生物遺伝資源多様性の現地調査と保全ジーンバンク沖縄県（石垣島）生物研・遺伝資源グループ・集団動態研11) 広島県宮島および対岸の廿日市におけるシソ近縁野生種レモンエゴマの探　索

－広島県生物研・ジーンバンク

H17 1) 北東北地方におけるナシ属・リンゴ属の探索・収集ジーンバンク岩手県，青森県，秋田県果樹研・遺伝育種部・遺伝資源研2) 山形県におけるアカスモモ及び在来ナシの探　索・収集ジーンバンク山形県果樹研・遺伝育種部・遺伝資源研3) 屋久島におけるブルーベリー近縁種アクシバモドキの探索・収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県（屋久島）北海道農研・作物開発部・果樹育種研4) 南九州におけるアブラナ科野菜在来種の調査と収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県，宮崎県野茶研・葉根菜研究部・アブラナ科育種研5) 野生ダイズ，栽培ダイズおよび両種の自然交雑集団の探索，収集とモニタ　リング　－秋田県，茨城県，高知県，佐賀県における現地調査から－

ジーンバンク秋田県，茨城県，高知県，佐賀県生物研・ジーンバンク

H18 1) 四万十川流域における野生大豆（ツルマメ ) の収集ジーンバンク高知県近中四農研・大豆育種研究近中四サブチーム2) 愛知県渥美半島および三重県伊勢志摩地域におけるサトウキビ野生種の探　索・収集

ジーンバンク愛知県，三重県九沖農研・バイオマス・資源作物開発チーム

3) 関東以南におけるダンチクの収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県，千葉県，静岡県，宮崎県，長崎県，沖縄県

畜草研・育工チーム

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年度調　査　課　題予算収　集　地　域担　当　機　関H18 4) 種子島におけるエンバク在来種の探索・収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県（種子島）九沖農研・牧草・飼料作物育種ユニット

5) 石川県および富山県におけるアブラナ科野菜在来種の調査と収集ジーンバンク石川県，富山県野茶研・野菜育種研究チーム6) 島根県の寒冷地の在来茶樹の収集ジーンバンク島根県野茶研・金谷茶業研究拠点・枕崎茶業研究拠点7) 長野県・山梨県におけるリンゴ属の探索・収集ジーンバンク長野県，山梨県果樹研・研究支援センター・遺伝資源室8) 愛知県及び広島県におけるブルーベリー近縁種ナツハゼ類２種の探索・収　集

ジーンバンク愛知県，広島県北農研・寒地地域特産研究チーム・果樹育種Ｇ

9) 野生ダイズ，栽培ダイズおよび両種の自然交雑集団の探索，収集とモニタ　リング　－秋田県，兵庫県，佐賀県における現地調査から－

－秋田県，兵庫県，佐賀県生物研・ジーンバンク

H19 1) 四国西部地域におけるサトウキビ野生種の探索収集ジーンバンク高知県，愛媛県九沖農研・バイオマス・資源作物開発2) 滋賀県における雑穀・マメ類の探索収集ジーンバンク滋賀県生物研・ジーンバンク3) 山形，鳥取，兵庫，京都，佐賀，福岡，大分，長野県におけるマメ科植物　遺伝資源の多様性保全

ジーンバンク鳥取県，兵庫県，京都府，佐賀県，福岡県，大分県生物研・ジーンバンク

4) 静岡県伊豆半島におけるツルマメの探索・収集ジーンバンク静岡県作物研・豆類5) 富山県・石川県におけるバラ科果樹遺伝資源の探索・収集ジーンバンク富山県，石川県果樹研・遺伝資源室6) 長崎県対馬地域および長崎市周辺地域におけるカンキツ遺伝資源の調査ジーンバンク長崎県（対馬地域，長崎市周辺）果樹研・カンキツ・興津・カンキツ口之津7) 富山県立山におけるブルーベリー近縁種マルバウスゴの探索・収集ジーンバンク富山県北海道農研・寒地地域特産・果樹8) 岩手県北東部の久慈地域における作物在来種の調査と収集－岩手県岩手県中央農業改良普及センター，　　　　　　　　

生物研9) 沖縄本島地域におけるエリアンサス属植物（Erianthus spp.）の探索と収集－沖縄県九沖農研，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

国際農研10) 富山県・石川県におけるバラ科果樹遺伝資源の探索・収集ジーンバンク富山県，石川県果樹研・遺伝資源室

H20 1) 北海道におけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク北海道生物研・ジーンバンク2) 愛媛県における野生大豆（ツルマメ ) の探索・収集ジーンバンク愛媛県近中四農研・大豆育種研究近中四サブチーム3) 高知県東部地域におけるサトウキビ野生種の探索ジーンバンク高知県九沖農研・バイオマス・資源作物開発4) 東北地域におけるクサヨシ遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク青森県，岩手県，山形県，福島県，新潟県東北農研・飼料作物育種研究東北サブチーム5) 北海道根室市におけるブルーベリー近縁種ヒメツルコケモモの探索・収集ジーンバンク北海道北海道農研・寒地地域特産・果樹6) 栃木県におけるリンゴ属及びナシ属野生遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク栃木県果樹研・遺伝資源室7) 長崎県島嶼地域における在来カンキツ遺伝資源の調査ジーンバンク長崎県（対馬，五島）果樹研・遺伝資源室（興津）・カンキツ研究Ｔ（口之津）8) 福岡県，佐賀県および熊本県におけるキシュウスズメノヒエ自生株の探索　と収集

－福岡県，佐賀県，熊本県九沖農研

9) 熊本県および鹿児島県におけるイタリアンライグラス自生株の探索と収集－熊本県，鹿児島県九沖農研10) 小笠原諸島父島におけるブルーベリー近縁種ムニンシャシャンボの探索・　収集

－東京都（小笠原諸島父島）北海道農研究・寒地地域特産・果樹

H21 1) 北海道勇払原野におけるケヨノミとクロミノウグイスカグラの探索・収集ジーンバンク北海道北海道農研・寒地地域特産研究チーム2) 北海道および東北地方における果樹類遺伝資源の米国農務省研究局との共　同探索・収集

ジーンバンク北海道，青森県，秋田県，岩手県果樹研・遺伝資源研

3) 長崎県対馬におけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク長崎県（対馬）生物研・ジーンバンク4) 東京都八丈島における在来カンキツ遺伝資源の調査ジーンバンク東京都（八丈島）果樹研・遺伝資源室5) 宮崎県南部におけるサトウキビ野生種の探索と収集ジーンバンク宮崎県九州沖縄農研6) 沖縄本島および奄美大島におけるブルーベリー近縁種ギーマの探索・収集ジーンバンク沖縄県（沖縄本島），鹿児島県（奄美大島）北海道農研・寒地地域特産・果樹7) 熊本県におけるススキ属植物の探索・収集ジーンバンク熊本県九州沖縄農研8) 東北地域におけるクサヨシ遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク青森県，山形県，秋田県，岩手県東北農研・飼料作物育種研究東北サブチーム

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調　査　課　題予算収　集　地　域担　当　機　関H22 1) 新潟県佐渡島におけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク新潟県（佐渡）生物研・ジーンバンク

2) 岩手県北部におけるモモ在来種および野生種の調査・収集ジーンバンク岩手県（北部地域）果樹研・研究支援センター・遺伝資源室3) 東京都青ヶ島における在来カンキツ遺伝資源の調査・収集ジーンバンク東京都（青ヶ島）果樹研・研究支援センター・遺伝資源室4) 北海道大雪山におけるブルーベリー近縁種ヒメクロマメノキの探索・収集ジーンバンク北海道（大雪山）北海道農研・寒地地域特産・果樹5) 北海道東部の湿原におけるクロミノウグイスカグラの探索・収集ジーンバンク北海道（東部地域）北海道農研・寒地地域特産・果樹6) 四国東部における野生大豆（ツルマメ ) の探索・収集ジーンバンク香川県，徳島県，高知県近中四農研・大豆育種研究・近中四サブチーム7) 千葉県内房地域におけるサトウキビ野生種の探索・収集ジーンバンク千葉県（房総半島）九沖農研・バイオマス・資源作物開発8) 近畿・中国・四国地域におけるススキ属自生株の探索・収集ジーンバンク大阪府，奈良県，兵庫県，京都府，三重県，滋賀県，

島根県，広島県，山口県，鳥取県，香川県，愛媛県，高知県

九沖農研・牧草・飼料作物育種

9) 和歌山市内におけるキシュウスズメノヒエ自生株の探索と収集ジーンバンク和歌山県九沖農研・牧草・飼料作物育種H23 1) 島根県隠岐島におけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク島根県生物研・遺伝資源センター

2) 沖縄県石垣島 , 西表島 , 黒島におけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク沖縄県生物研・遺伝資源センター3) 紀伊半島におけるツルマメの探索・収集ジーンバンク和歌山県，三重県，奈良県作物研・畑作物研究領域4) 九州南部および種子島における野生大豆（ツルマメ ) の収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県九沖農研・作物開発・利用研究領域5) 宮城県及び山形県におけるジュズダマ探索・収集ジーンバンク宮城県，山形県東北農研・畑作園芸研究領域6) 宮崎県北東部 , 大分県東部および鹿児島県薩摩半島南部の沿岸地域における　サトウキビ野生種の探索と収集

ジーンバンク宮崎県，大分県，鹿児島県九沖農研・種子島試験地

7) 温暖地におけるクサヨシ遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク神奈川県，静岡県，島根県東北農研・畜産飼料作研究領域8) 沖縄県先島諸島における在来カンキツ遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク沖縄県果樹研・カンキツ研究領域9) 屋久島におけるブルーベリー近縁種シャシャンボの探索・収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県北海道農研・水田作研究領域・果樹育種班10) 北海道におけるオギ遺伝資源の探索・収集北海道農研　

「平成 23 年度所特定研究事業」

北海道北海道農研・酪農研究領域

H24 1) 沖縄県石垣島，西表島，来間島，伊良部島，宮古島，池間島におけるマメ　科ササゲ属植物遺伝資源の探索収集

ジーンバンク沖縄県生物研・遺伝資源センター

2) 長崎県五島列島におけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク長崎県生物研・遺伝資源センター3) 東京都，埼玉県，山梨県におけるマメ科作物近縁野生種の探索収集ジーンバンク東京都，埼玉県，山梨県生物研・遺伝資源センター4) 島根県における野生大豆 ( ツルマメ ) の探索・収集ジーンバンク島根県近中四農研・作物機能開発研究領域5) 新潟県及び福島県におけるジュズダマの探索・収集ジーンバンク新潟県，福島県東北農研・畑作園芸研究領域6) 北海道と青森におけるオギ遺伝資源の探索・収集ジーンバンク北海道，青森県北海道農研・酪農研究領域7) 秋田県および青森県西部におけるススキ属植物自生株の探索と収集ジーンバンク秋田県，青森県東北農研・畜産飼料作研究領域8) 鹿児島県奄美群島における在来カンキツ遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県果樹研・カンキツ研究領域9) 南九州におけるノカイドウおよびタカナベカイドウの探索収集ジーンバンク宮崎県，鹿児島県果樹研・品種育成・病害虫研究領域10) 京都府南部および大阪府北部の淀川河川敷における野生ダイズ（ツルマメ）　の探索収集

－京都府，大阪府京都大学農学部（友部遼氏）

H25 1) 長崎県壱岐島および平戸島におけるマメ科作物近縁野生種の収集と保全ジーンバンク長崎県生物研・遺伝資源センター2) 沖縄県八重山列島におけるササゲ属遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク沖縄県生物研・遺伝資源センター3) 青森県下北半島におけるツルマメの収集ジーンバンク青森県東北農研・水田作研究領域4) 茨城県東南部におけるサトウキビ野生種の探索・収集ジーンバンク茨城県九沖農研・種子島試験地5) 秋田県及び新潟県佐渡島におけるジュズダマ他の探索・収集ジーンバンク秋田県，新潟県東北農研・畑作園芸研究領域6) 北海道東部と山形県におけるオキ遺伝資源の探索・収集ジーンバンク北海道，山形県北海道農研・酪農研究領域

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年度調　査　課　題予算収　集　地　域担　当　機　関H25 7) 岩手県におけるオギ自生株の探索と収集ジーンバンク岩手県東北農研・畜産飼料作研究領域

8) 南九州における稀少絶滅危惧種クマガワブドウの収集ジーンバンク熊本県，宮崎県，鹿児島県果樹研・品種育成・病害虫研究領域H26 1) 長崎県および熊本県におけるダイズ属およびササゲ属マメ科植物遺伝資源

　の探索収集ジーンバンク長崎県（平戸島，生月島，島原地域），　　　　

熊本県（天草地域）生物研・遺伝資源センター

2) 群馬県およ長野県東部におけるタイズおよびアズキ近縁野生種遺伝資源の　探索収集

ジーンバンク群馬県，長野県（東部地域）生物研・遺伝資源センター

3) 鳥取県における野生ダイズ（ツルマメ ) およ野生アズキ（ヤブツルアズキ )　の探索・収集

ジーンバンク鳥取県近中四農研・作物機能開発研究領域究領域

4) 岩手県における Brassica 属野菜の探索・収集ジーンバンク岩手県東北農研・畑作園芸研究領域5) 新潟県と長野県におけるオギ遺伝資源の探索・収集ジーンバンク新潟県，長野県北海道農研・酪農研究領域6) 千葉県および茨城県におけるオギ自生株の探索と収集ジーンバンク千葉県，茨城県東北農研・畜産飼料作研究領域7) 九州北部の野生および稀少栽培リンゴ遺伝資源の収集ジーンバンク大分県，佐賀県，長崎県，熊本県果樹研・品種育成・病害虫研究領域8) 沖縄県石垣島，宮古島，来間島，伊良部島，池間島におけるマメ科植物遺伝資　源の探索収集

－沖縄県（石垣島，宮古島，来間島，伊良部島，池間島）生物研・遺伝資源センター

H27 1) 長崎県におけるダイズ属およびササゲ属マメ科植物遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク長崎県農研機構遺伝資源センター2) 富山県，石川県，福井県，岐阜県，愛知県，三重県におけるマメ科植物遺　伝資源の探索収集

ジーンバンク富山県，石川県，福井県，岐阜県，愛知県，三重県農研機構遺伝資源センター

3) 北陸地方におけるオギ遺伝資源の探索・収集ジーンバンク富山県，石川県，福井県，岐阜県農研機構北海道農業研究センター4) 神奈川および静岡県におけるオギ自生株の探索と収集ジーンバンク神奈川県，静岡県農研機構東北農業研究センター

H28 1) 大分健および宮崎県おけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の収集と保全ジーンバンク大分県，宮崎県農研機構遺伝資源センター2) 鹿児島県屋久島および種子島におけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク鹿児島県（屋久島，種子島）農研機構遺伝資源センター3) 石川県，岐阜県および富山県におけるマメ科植物遺伝資源の探索収集ジーンバンク石川県，岐阜県，富山県農研機構遺伝資源センター4) 近畿地方におけるオギ遺伝資源の探索・収集ジーンバンク兵庫県，京都府，大阪府農研機構北海道農業研究センター・作物開発研究領域5) 鹿児島県姶良地域におけるサトウキビ野生種の探索・収集革新的技術　　

開発・緊急展開事業

鹿児島県（姶良地域）農研機構九州沖縄農業研究センター，　　　　　　　鹿児島県，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　鹿児島大

投稿規定

（平成 29 年 4 月 25 日現在）目的：本報告書には，農業生物資源ジーンバンク事業による探索・収集及びその関連研究をはじめとして，植物遺伝資源にかかわる現地調査・研究の論文及び関連する情報を掲載する．

投稿原稿の体裁・提出：投稿原稿は日本語または英語とし，「投稿原稿作成要領」に従って作成する．投稿原稿は，原則 Microsoft Word 形式で作成する．投稿原稿は，電子ファイルにて編集委員会事務局に提出する．投稿原稿は，誤字脱字の無いように投稿前に十分に確認すること．英文は，必ずスペルチェックを行うこと．投稿原稿は担当編集委員が選ぶ 2 名以上の審査員の審査を受け，最終的な採否は編集委員会により決定する．掲載が決定した投稿原稿は，遺伝資源センターより業者に委託して英文校閲を行う．著者は，審査結果を受け取った後，速やかに修正し担当編集委員へ送付しなければならない．やむを得ない事情により送付が遅れる場合は，担当編集委員の了解を受けること．掲載の順序，論文の体裁などは編集委員会で決定する．

校正：著者校正は 2 回行う．1 回目は英文校閲の済んだ原稿について，2 回目は印刷・製本前の最終原稿について，校正を行う．校正刷は受領後３日以内に校正の上，編集委員会事務局に返送する．

別刷：別刷の希望者は有料にて印刷するので，投稿の際に連絡すること．

版権：版権は遺伝資源センターに帰属するものとする．最終原稿の著者校正の際に原稿と併せて送付した「刊行物著作権取扱規程」中の別紙様式（第 3 条関係）「著作物利用許諾書」に署名・捺印の上，校正刷とともにそれを編集委員会事務局に返送する．本誌に掲載された全ての論文は，open access としてジーンバンクのウェブサイト及び農研機構機関リポジトリから公開され，遺伝資源センター ([email protected]) の許可を得て転載することが出来るものとする．

原稿送付先及び連絡先：植物遺伝資源探索導入調査報告書（植探報）編集委員会事務局〒 305-8602　茨城県つくば市観音台 2-1-2

農研機構遺伝資源センター　TEL : 029-838-7474E-mail : [email protected]

投稿原稿作成要領

（平成 29 年 4 月 25 日現在）書式：1. A4 用紙サイズで，横書きとする．原則 Microsoft Word 形式で送付する．外字の使用は禁止する．2. 原稿は，表題，著者名，所属機関，責任著者連絡先（電子メールアドレス），要約（以上について，

和文原稿は和文および英文），キーワード，本文，引用文献の順に記載する．英文原稿の場合は，本文の最後に日本語による表題，著者名，所属機関，摘要（和文摘要）を付ける．

3. 本文は，1．目的，2．材料と方法（対象植物，収集・調査方法）3．収集（調査）結果，4．考察，5．謝辞を原則含む．

4. 著者名の英語表記は，名・姓の順とし，姓はすべて大文字表記とする．5. 連名著者の所属が異なる場合，著者名の右肩に数字をつけて所属を示す．6. 原稿内で初出となる生物の学名には，命名者名を明記する（例：Oryza sativa L.）．7. 原稿作成に際し具体例を必要とする場合は，以下を参照すること．

1) 和文原稿眞田ら (2014) 新潟県と長野県におけるオギ遺伝資源の探索・収集 . 植探報 31: 61 ～ 71. [URL: http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/pdf/publications/plant-exp_2014(31)_p61.pdf]2) 英文原稿Takahashi et al. (2014) Exploration of Leguminous Crops and Their Wild Relatives in Western Regions of Cambodia, 2014. AREIPGR 31: 121 ～ 149. [URL: http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/pdf/publications/plant-exp_2014(31)_p121.pdf]

参照：過去の報告書 (URL: http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/publications.php#plant_report)

　※本例が本要領に準拠していない部分は，本要領に沿うこと．

図表および写真：1. 各図表・写真は，1 ページに収まる形に作成する（見開きにしない）．ただし，遺伝資源収集

リスト詳細の表を除く．2. 図・表，写真には表題（和文原稿は和文・英文併記）を付け，必要に応じ説明などを付ける．3. 表は，原則 Microsoft Excel 形式で作成する．セル結合などの使用は避ける．4. 写真を除き，図表でカラー印刷が必要な場合は指示すること．印刷の都合上，カラー図表のペー

ジは写真の直前に配置される．5. 図表は文書ファイルに貼り付けず，別ファイルにて作成，送付する．図表の挿入位置のイメー

ジをつかむため，図表を文書ファイルに貼り付けたファイルもあるとありがたい．図，写真についてはオリジナルの画像ファイルも併せて送付する．

遺伝資源のパスポート登録：1. ジーンバンク事業にて収集した遺伝資源は配布制限なしでパスポート登録し，本報告書には

JP 番号を付けて掲載する．

植物遺伝資源探索導入調査報告書

通巻第 33 号

　　　刊行国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構　　　　　　　　　　　　　遺伝資源センター

　　　〒 305-8602　茨城県つくば市観音台 2-1-2　　　　　　　電話　029-838-7474

　　Published by National Agriculture and Food Research Organization　

　　　　　 Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan

平成 30 年 3 月Printed in Mar., 2017

　印刷　朝日印刷株式会社つくば支社　　　　　　〒 305-0046 つくば市東 2-11-15　　　　　

ISSN 0915-602X

Annual Report on Exploration and Introduction ofPlant Genetic Resources

Vol. 33

Financial Year 2016

　　　Genetic Resources Center　　　National Agriculture and Food Research Organization

Documents

植物遺伝資源探索導入調査報告書 (平成28年度) - NARO