Structure and Metadata: Shortening the On-Ramp to Linked Data

Duane Degler @ddegler [email protected]

Dalia R. Levine @daliawithnoh [email protected]

Structure and Metadata: Shortening the On-‐Ramp to Linked Data

IA Summit 25 April 2015

designforcontext.com/publicaDons

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Structure and Metadata: Shortening the On-‐Ramp to Linked Data @daliawithnoh @ddegler #IAS15 25 April 2015 2

How do we shorten the on-‐ramp ?


About it: Author Dates Format . . .

STUFF About the world

About its rela;onships to other

informa;on

Structure and Metadata: Shortening the On-‐Ramp to Linked Data @daliawithnoh @ddegler #IAS15 25 April 2015

“About-‐ness” is more than a pile of keywords

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Subject (a noun)

Object (a noun)

Predicate (a verb)

“ Think about structure in a more disciplined way. ”

Jorge Arango, IA Summit keynote, 2015


Business ontology Person ontology EducaFon ontology

More disciplined structures

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Person Organiza;on

Post-‐Grad Degree

University

Qualifica;on

Line of business

Business area

Products

Hobbies

Manager

Works as Has job

role

Has degree

Confers Controls

Operates in

Knows

Makes Valid type of

Prac;ces

Requires


Framing

•  The web of content, and data, conDnues to grow rapidly

•  Search engines are no longer sufficient

•  Algorithms alone are not the answer

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Human interpreta;on < > machine interpreta;on

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It’s “automagic” . . . ?

•  Machine-‐enhancement

•  Text mining, concept extracDon, automated semanDc enrichment

•  Metadata and linked data – baked in to our tools

•  VisualizaDon

•  More possible than ever to do useful things

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Linked Data is a “Next Gen” data standard

card catalog

•  LCSH •  Dewey Decimal

Collections RDb

RDb

•  MARC, CIMI •  RDA, Z39.50

XML

•  Schemas (e.g., LIDO, Dublin Core, EAD)

RDF

•  Ontologies (e.g., CIDOC, BIBFRAME)

OrganizaFon

Structure, math

Independence

Expressiveness

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Structure and Metadata: Shortening the On-‐Ramp to Linked Data @daliawithnoh @ddegler #IAS15 25 April 2015 Structure and Metadata: Shortening the On-‐Ramp to Linked Data @daliawithnoh @ddegler #IAS15 25 April 2015

Informa(on Architects not only need to use emerging data models, tools, and technologies.

We need to own their effec.ve use to increase the value of informa(on in our care.

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IA MANIFESTO

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Build on what exists


Standing on the shoulders of others

•  Don’t start from scratch

•  Explore •  Standards exist •  Domain-‐specific structures and terms exist

•  Examples and model pa]erns exist

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Linked open vocabularies Open Knowledge FoundaDon lov.okfn.org

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Different types of ontologies

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Upper-‐level

Common

, available vocabu

larie

s

General

Domain

Local

Bridging ontologies

Bridging ontologies

Bridging ontologies

Local

vocabu

larie

s


Common language and structure brings added value

If you invent your own ontologies and vocabularies –

SHARE THEM

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Local ontologies

Local

vocabu

larie

s


Increase the value of informa;on

•  Build on what exists

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IA MANIFESTO


“About-‐ness” is more than a pile of keywords

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Subject (a noun)

Object (a noun)

Predicate (a verb)


“Springfield” in GeoNames

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You get more than lat:long. You get data about a place.

geonames.org


The Role of Linked Open Data

Bal;more

Rembrandt Peale

R. Peale Museum

Has museum

Founded by

Displays

Roman Daughter

Smithsonian

Displays

D.C.

Has museum

1814 Bakle Flag Displayed

Ft. McHenry

Flew

Has site

Painted

Rubens P. w/Geranium

Displays

NGA

Has museum

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The Role of Linked Open Data

Bal;more

R. Peale Museum

Has museum

Ar;llery memorabilia

Displayed

Pakerson Park

Has site

Site of

Volunteer Arch. Dig

Bal;more Heritage

Organizes

Has event

April 25th

On date

Find

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Business ontology Person ontology EducaFon ontology

More disciplined structures

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Person Organiza;on

Post-‐Grad Degree

University

Qualifica;on

Line of business

Business area

Products

Hobbies

Manager

Works as Has job

role

Has degree

Confers Controls

Operates in

Knows

Makes Valid type of

Prac;ces

Requires

Structure and Metadata: Shortening the On-‐Ramp to Linked Data @daliawithnoh @ddegler #IAS15 25 April 2015 Structure and Metadata: Shortening the On-‐Ramp to Linked Data @daliawithnoh @ddegler #IAS15 25 April 2015 22

Encourage understanding and knowledge-‐building

•  Build on what exists •  Increase the value of informaDon

IA MANIFESTO


Knowledge-‐building

•  Interconnected informaDon

•  ConnecDng disparate concepts and re-‐forming them in new ways

•  Insights emerge over Dme – longitudinal

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Domain-‐specific: Bri;sh Museum

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Biographic

Bibliographic

Produc;on

Title Subject

Collec;on & Rights Inscrip;on

Material Event

Acquisi;on

Dimension

Visual Representa;on

Modifica;on

Object

CIDOC-‐CRM ontology


Understanding

•  Foster new insights •  Synthesize informaDon

•  Surface pa]erns •  Clear idenDty of a thing allows relaDonships to be drawn from mulDple perspecDves

•  Shared understanding

•  World view

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Respond to context

•  Build on what exists •  Increase the value of informaDon •  Encourage understanding and knowledge-‐building

IA MANIFESTO


Relevance is informed by the user’s situaFon and intenFons

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I am… •  In a place •  Focused on a Dme period

•  With certain people

•  Among devices

•  Engaged in events •  Responding to expectaDons •  Bound by policies / rules

I need… now! I’m

planning for…

Dynamic IA: Flexible Design for Linked [Open] Data and Emerging Technologies, IA Summit 23 April 2015 27


I know what I want to

find

I know my direct window on the web

Profile & Context model


Model what you know in a consistent way

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SITU

ATION SIGNAL

S SITU

ATION SIGNALS

LocaDon

Co-‐occurring events

Date / Dme

CondiDons

Devices / connecDvity SITU

ATION SIGNAL

S USE

R SIGNAL

S Usage pa]erns

Experience

Interests / profile

History

Community

CONTENT SIGN

ALS

Link relaDonships

Text pa]erns

Categories / keywords

Metadata

TASK

SIGNAL

S Outcomes / goals

Rules / requirements

CriDcality

Sequence / status

Frequency for user

From: “SupporDng Relevance for Users”, D.Degler, SemTechBiz 6.2013 h]p://www.designforcontext.com/publicaDons/supporDng-‐relevance-‐for-‐users


Be serious about the data in your care

•  Build on what exists •  Increase the value of informaDon •  Encourage understanding and knowledge-‐building •  Respond to context

IA MANIFESTO


Balance the human and the machine

•  Humans describe stuff, both formally and informally… can help

•  Metadata capture by all systems in an ecosystem… can help

•  Technology idenDfies descripDve aspects… can help

YOU create an environment for synthesis and meaning-‐making

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Responsibility

•  To people

•  To informaDon integrity

•  To meaning

•  To the future

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Architecture mind-set

Information discipline

Dynamic design sense


•  Build on what exists •  Increase the value of informaDon

•  Encourage understanding and knowledge-‐building

•  Respond to context •  Be serious about the data in your care

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IA MANIFESTO

Duane Degler @ddegler [email protected]

Dalia R. Levine @daliawithnoh [email protected]

Structure and Metadata: Shortening the On-‐Ramp to Linked Data

IA Summit 25 April 2015

designforcontext.com/publicaDons

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