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… LEKHONI
LEKHONI-THE WRITER’S HAVEN-
1UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF PROF. HAIMANTI BANERJEE
B.ARCH THESIS 2015 | VISHESH GUPTA
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CONTENTS1. Project brief- Users and Activities2. Survey and research for preferred writing space
2.1 Noise2.2 Intoxication2.3 Personality assessment2.4 Proximity to nature2.5 Exercise2.6 Schedule2.7 Lighting2.8 Mode of writing
3. Redefining the aim and objective4. Literature review
4.1 Library4.2 Residence4.3 Office
5. Area requirements6. Case studies
6.1 TCDC6.2 Other examples6.3 IHC
7. Site7.1 Site Selection7.2 Architecture style7.3 Influenced by ideology
8. Conclusion
Leave the city, arrive.Haven to write, just right.
Write, sleep, refer and eat.Agent inspires, writer perspires.
“What’s your book about?”Student speaks out, writer freaks out.
Creative writing workshop.Famous conducts, learner constructs.
First draft completed! Send to edit.Template is laid out, publicity goes out.
Outsource, publish and read.Book fair to hold, books to be sold.
USERS AND ACTIVITIES
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#whereiwrite
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THE WRITING PROCESS
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QUIET IS GOOD
LOUD IS BETTER
31%
31%
31%
7%
20 dB
35 dB
50 dB
75 dB
Results from five experiments demonstrate that a moderate (70dB) versus low (50 dB) level of ambient noise enhances performance on creative tasks A high level of noise (85 dB), on the other hand, hurts creativity.
Process measures reveal that a moderate (vs. low) level of noise increases processing difficulty, inducing a higher construal level and thus promoting abstract processing, which subsequently leads to higher creativity.
ReferenceMehta R. et al. Journal of Consumer Research 39 (2012) 784-799 6
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Creative problem solving, as opposed to analytical problem solving, does not involve computational algorithms or incremental analytic procedures. Instead creative problem solving tends to be characterized by more divergent, associational or discontinuous solution processes.
The use of alcohol in particular (alone or in combination with other substances) has been linked to the accomplishments of many great individuals including Hemingway,Coleridge, and Socrates.
ReferenceA.F. Jarosz et al. Consciousness and Cognition 21 (2012) 487–493
GETTING TIPSY?
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 2 4 6
Openness
Conscientousness
Extraversion
Agreeablesness
Neuroticism
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GETTING
PERSONAL
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FAR FROM THE CITYCLOSE TO HEART
Psychological well beingPeople who spent time in a park with greater plant species richness scored higher on various measures of psychological well-being than those subjects in less bio diverse parks.Heraclitean motion, aiding the development of a calm, stable mental state; enhance students’ productivity.
Enhancing productivityBright daylight supports circadian rhythms, enhances mood, promotes neurological health, and affects alertness; increasing the use of natural light and reducing dependence on electric lighting can also significantly improve mental health and function.
Engaging the personIf the built environment simulates the layered complexity of ecosystems, a person’s sensory systems will be engaged to explore and learn about the built object or space, which encourages cognitive function through a high level of visual fascination and mystery.2
Reference1. Fuller, R.A., et al. 2007. Psychological Benefits of Greenspace Increase with
Biodiversity. Biology Letters 3, 4: 390-94.2. Kaplan, R., and S. Kaplan. 1989. The Experience of Nature: A Psychological
Perspective. Cambridge University Press, New York. 9
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… LEKHONIReferenceOppezzo M., Schwartz D., Effect of walking on creative thinking. Journal of Experimental Psychology (2014), Vol. 40, No. 4, 1142–1152
WRITE, BUTWALK ON IT
Walking taxed executive function to handle the dual-task nature of walking while thinking, and a side effect of this distraction was that it allowed more creativity to seep in.
Mood is also a possible mediator. Physical exercise is linked to mood enhancement
Walking may have increased the ease with which associative memories activated, say, by relaxing inhibitory competition among memories and allowing ideas with low levels of activation to push through.
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TIMES
NOW
AND
THEN11
8%
13%
11%
6%
8%21%
27%
6%
Early morning (before 0700 HRS)
After breakfast (0700-1200 HRS)
After lunch (1200-1400 HRS)
Late afternoon (1400-1600 HRS)
Early evening (1600-2000 HRS)
After dinner (2000-2300 HRS)
Late night (After 2300 HRS)
No fixed time
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Less than anhour
One to twohours
Two to fourhours
Higher
What time do you wake up? When do you write?
Average sitting timeReferenceBrain Pickings
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LET THERE BE LIGHT
…OR MAYBE NOT?
ReferenceA. Steidle, L. Werth, Journal of Environmental Psychology 35 (2013) 67-80
•Priming darkness and actual dim illumination improved creative performance. (outside of people’s awareness and independent of differences in visibility)•The underlying mechanism being that darkness elicits a feeling of being free from constraints and triggers a risky, explorative processing style. •The darkness related increase in creativity disappeared when using a more informal indirect light instead of direct light
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TYPINGWRITING
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CAFE
BAR
SUMMARY tldr
RESIDENCE
LIBRARY
GYM
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CREATING CREATIVITYRETREAT TO RELEARN
Nurture the art of writing, encourage excellence in author publishing,
strengthen the network of authors/readers community
Facilitate authors with a workspace, residential, reference, learning and
publishing assistance
Equip the client/publisher with adequate necessities to publish/publicize for
commercial purpose
Allow sufficient level of interaction among interested users and authors for
mutual learning
Host activities that call upon several literature enthusiasts, creating a getaway
hub for the same
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… LEKHONILIBRARY RESIDENCE OFFICE
LITERATURE REVIEW
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… LEKHONIReferenceNeufert E. et al. Architect’s Data (2012) 327-331
THE LIBRARYREADING SPACE•As few levels as possible to aid book transport.•Access by staircase, provision for disabled people and for book transport.•Access through control gates and if possible only one entry/exit; near lending decks/central information desk.
Considerations•Circulation routes >1.2 m wide.•Clear spaces b/w shelves at least 1.3-1.4 m wide.•Area required
For a simple reading/workplace is 2.5 m2
for a PC or individual work place >4 m2 is needed•Internal climate 20±2⁰C with 50±5%relative air humidity •Air changes 20m3 per hour per person.•Natural ventilation is possible with narrow buildings.•Reinforced concrete & steel frame buildings; structural grid of >7.2mx7.2m •Room height should be>3 m.•Illumination distribution ratio at workstations is 10:3:1 (book:surface:background).
•Lighting requirementsNon work rooms need 100-300 lxadministration blocks need 250-500 lx reading rooms w/o individual lights 300-850 lx.
To Avoid•Offset levels.•Crossings and overlapping of routes for users, staff and book transport.•Direct sunlight•Thresholds, ramps>6%, or non provision of platform lifts for book transport.
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1. Planning1.1 Capacity
1.1.1 (6x3x7)+(12x3x7)= 378 volumes of books1.2 Shelving height
1.2.1 Standard heights are 42”, 66”, 78”, 84” or 90” high.1.2.2 Unrestricted if limited to 54” above the finished floor.1.2.2 Large print books must consider the elderly and the visually impaired,
with shelving that is not too high or too low. 1.2.3 Heavier books (dictionaries, telephone books)shelved on lower
1.3 Shelving depth1.3.1 Most collections can be accommodated on a flat 10" deep bookshelf.1.3.2 12" deep shelf is common for reference collections, 1.3.3 Some substitution of a 12" divider-type shelf is desirable.1.3.4 16" deep shelf section, for oversize book, flat newspaper storage,
1.4 Stack aisle requirements1.4.1 Accessibility1.4.2 Column spacing
1.5 Single or Double faced
2. Shelving Types2.1 Cantilever style steel, Case style, Compact shelving, Multi Tier stack core
3. Book stack dimensions3.1 Wooden shelving3.2 Cantilever style shelving
4. Seismic issues5. Re-finishing6. Installation7. Relocation
Reference1. Neufert E. et al. Architect’s Data (2012) 327-3312. Siems E. and Demmers L. Library Stacks and Shelving. Libris Design Project. www.librisdesign.org
THE LIBRARYCOLLECTION SPACEMedia or Book type Shelf depth Units / foot of shelf
CDs and DVDs 8 to 10” 30
Reference books 12” 6
Fiction 10” 8
Juvenile n/fiction 10 to 12” 13
Paperbacks 8 to 10” 16
Non fiction 12” 10
Volume type Unit height
Reference 66”
Adult fiction 90”
Adult non fiction 90”
Juvenile n/fiction 66”
Easy readers 42”
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1. Risk assessment1.1 Understand the organization1.2 Identify people and assets at risk1.3 Establish the probability1.4 Determine the impact1.5 Develop options to mitigate the risks1.6 Study feasibility of implementation1.7 Perform cost-benefit analysis
2. Physical security1.1 Architectural considerations
1.1.1 Site design1.1.2 Building design
1.2 Security personnel1.3 Security Hardware
1.3.1 Window protection1.3.2 Door protection1.3.3 Some substitution of a 12" divider-type shelf is desirable.1.3.4 16" deep shelf section, for oversize book, flat newspaper storage,
1.4 Display case protection1.4.1 Dummy security devices
3. Electronic security2.1.1 Burglary protection2.1.2 Collection security2.1.3 Access control2.1.4 Video surveillance
4. Policies, procedures and plans
Reference1. McComb M., Library Security. (2004) Libris Design Project. Retrieved from http://www.librisdesign.org
THE LIBRARYSECURITY SYSTEM
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… LEKHONIReference1. Campbell S. e al. Academic Library Building Design: Resources for Planning, www.wikis.ala.org2. Chiara J. and Callender J. 1983 Time Saver Standards for Building types
THE LIBRARYFURNITURE & FIXTURESType of accomodation Minimum
sizeAdequate
size
Carrel, open/closed, for graduate student writing dissertation, with a book shelf
36 in. x 27 in.
48 in. x 30 in.
Faculty study 48 in. x 30 in.
60 in. x 30 in.
1. Considerations1.1 Reusability (value consideration), 1.2 Flexibility (balance between order and chaos)1.3 Portability (user control) 1.4 Adaptability (recognition of constant change in the 21st century library)1.5 Durability for 24/7 use in public areas. 1.6 Potential for refurbishment
2. Patron characteristics2.1 Encourage extended usage, or in-and-out? 2.2 Size of work surfaces, seating type2.3 Delineation between “collaborative” versus “individual” user furnishings2.4 Creature comforts, lockers and furniture cubbies influence length of stay.2.5 Ergonomic and ADA considerations2.6 Variety of postures
2.6.1 Lounged2.6.2 Seated2.6.3 Café height2.6.4 Standing height
3. Security issues and Privacy interests3.1 Call for open design will influence
3.1.1 Height of partitioning3.1.2 Design and degree of private study space3.1.3 Private study area location and layout
4. Technology management4.1 Wire management, adequacy to support desired hosting hardware. 4.2 Powered vs. non powered workstations. 4.3 Flexibility of power provision (floor grid; raised floor).
5. Sustainability considerations 6. Efficacy of design7.Way finding and signage
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•Lecture theatre would mostly involve writing on chalkboards or projection, and can have seating on shallow rake. •Access to the lecture theatre is separated from the research facilities, with short routes and entrances from outside at the back of the lecture hall, for raked seating entrances can be behind the top row•Does not require ceiling height greater than 12 ft.•Needs access to a canteen or a restaurant.•Special acoustical design including non-rectilinear spaces dictated by acoustical properties.
SPACE ATTRIBUTES•Flexibility:
Adaptable as occupant needs will change daily. Light and easily rearrange able modular furniture. Located with standard column grids on single story levels with flat floors. Movable partitions to subdivide the space, add projection surfaces.
•Special RequirementsSeparate AHU, with15% increase in cooling capacity. HVAC, electrical, and security systems to operate after hours regularly.Toilet requirements to accommodate additional occupancy loads.
•Finishes and Built-In Conferencing Tools:Durable materials and surfacesAdded functionality such as marker boards and projection screens. Ambient lighting with dimmable controls; special accent lighting for user control
•Integrated Technology:Accommodate a variety of audiovisual equipmentSpecial attention to acoustical separation from surrounding spaces.
ReferenceNeufert E. et al. Architect’s Data (2012) 327-331
THE LIBRARYWORKSHOPS/LECTURES
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•Column free, clear span and high ceiling, flat floor space•10m space based on 9 x 9m module= 4 rooms 27 x 27m= total of 54 x 54m.•Indicative space for booths 120-130•Divisible into four equal spaces by ceiling height operable acoustic •Walls•Have a flexible and efficient traffic flow pattern to provide easy access from main building entrance•Well lit and ventilated, provided with ample usable wall and floor space for exhibits and displays•Plenty of storage space.•Adequate restroom facilities•Preferable track mounted movable light fixtures.
THE LIBRARYCONVENTION HALL
•Adjoins the main entrance •Should be close to the restrooms and the galleries. •May serve as an admission collection point and information station.•Proximal to the manager's office, preferably if activity can be monitored• Provide adequate and flexible display space. •Appropriate lighting (track, not recessed) should be used. •Including adequate space for cash registers, associated computer equipment.•There should be abundant electrical outlets
BOOK SHOP
Reference1. Chiara J. and Callender J. 1983 Time Saver Standards for Building types
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THE GOLDILOCKS PRINCIPLE
THE RESIDENCE
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THE RESIDENCE
CONSIDERATIONS•Back end•Covered Loading deck•Tight security control•Entry for staff near the deck.•Two small offices near deck•Small laundry for towels.•Housekeeping and storage.•Mechanical spaces etc.
•Exterior•Well designed reception•Good lighting•Provision of seating
•Journey to the room•Spacious lift lobby (?)•Good signage•Floor finish design, wall treatment•Art works, sculptures, accent furniture
•Corridor•Robust as handles lug gages/trolleys•Fabric backed wall covering•Good carpet design to break the ‘long’•Services hidden behind artworks
•Guest room•Well manufactured comfortable bed•Good blackout curtains•Temperature control
Reference1. Chiara J. and Callender J. 1983 Time Saver Standards for Building types2. Dingle A. May 2nd 2014. Design considerations for a boutique hotel. http://www.boutiquehotelnews.com 24
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RECREATION SPACE•The gym•Minimum 12' ceiling height•Special surfaces eg. cushioned training surfaces, mirror walls, impact-resistant walls. •Design for controlled circulation•Increased structural steel to reduce vibration •Rooms, 150 LB/SF live load. •Sound baffles at acoustically rated partitions
•The Bar•Near to but not inclusive of writing space.•Bar should accessible in times of celebration.•Location should not disrupt other functions•Straight type or curved type•Bar length- 2 feet per stool
Reference1. Chiara J. and Callender J. 1983 Time Saver Standards for Building types2. Dingle A. May 2nd 2014. Design considerations for a boutique hotel. http://www.boutiquehotelnews.com
THE RESIDENCE
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THE OFFICE
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1. Agents1.1 Small office/Home office1.2 Rover staff
2. Editorial cell2.1 Ghost writers2.2 At least 5 full time staff
3. Graphic design3.1 Two to three personnel space3.2 Equipped with media devices3.3 Creative design to be followed
4. Managerial4.1 Top managerial rooms – 24.2 Meeting rooms- 1
1. Workstation allocation1.1 Types
1.1.1 Enclosed workstations1.1.2 Open workstations
1.3 Base workstations1.4 Configurations
2. Support spaces2.1 Meeting rooms2.2 Quiet rooms2.3 Beverage/Kitchenettes2.4 Equipment/work center2.5 Storage2.6 Reception
USERS ACTIVITIES CAPACITYAPPROXIMATE
AREA
Dorms/RoomsWriters Residential 50 writers 1500 sqm
Writers Occasional discussions
Guests Parties/Intimate gatherings
(Mostly spillover for above)
Literary fests/Book launch
Restricted Writers Reference 3500 books 350 sqm
Public Public Produced work collection 7000 volumes 350 sqm
BookShop Public Commercial 300 books 150 sqm
Offices Staff Publicity/Outsource followup 10 people 150 sqm
Editorial Staff Editing/Proofreading/Changes 5 people 75 sqm
Designers Staff Layout/Cover 5 people 75 sqm
Writers
Official
Guests
Public
Writers
Staff
Washrooms All 60 sqm
Leisure/Café Public 100 people 175 sqm
5 numbers x
50 people 200 sqm
2 numbers 75 sqm
60 people 300 sqm
100 people 1000 sqm
5 numbers x
10 people 45 sqm
Kitchen
Ancillary
SPACES
Library
Recreation
Writer's
Residency
Convention hall
Commercial discussion/media
interview/brainstorming
Writing workshops/Student-
writer discussions
Public
Administrative
block
Discussion/
Seminar
Rooms
Intimate
One-to-many
AREA REQUIREMENTS
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1. Presybopic1. Ergonomic problem2. Cannot follow standard monitor heights-
leads to neck pain3. Providing option for keeping substantially
lower position
2. Autistic1. Ideation problem/Writer’s block2. Troubling chalking out entire
characters/reactions 3. Provide options for screening movies/ avail
ghost writers
3. Amputees1. Facility problem2. Access to assistive devices3. Publisher assistance/avail ghost writers
4. Child authors1. Facility problem2. Enhance skills by workshops, getting
feedback from others.3. Get access to publishing assistance.Reference
1. Autistic people are writers. www.thecaffeinatedautistic.wordpress.com
2. Ergonomics 101: For Writers, Rebecca Roland; Science Fiction and Fantasy writers of America www.sfwa.org 28
UNIVERSALISM
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CAFE
BAR
SUMMARY tldrRESIDENCE
LIBRARY
GYM
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CONVENTION
DINER
SHOP
CLASS
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TCDC OTHERS IHC
CASE STUDIES
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TCDC
Importance of viewImportance of accessibilityImportance of understanding the user.
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TCDC
Importance of creating a play of spacesImportance of lightingImportance of attraction
Image ReferenceTCDC; Infrastructure and Transportation, Thai Forum. www.skyscrapercity.com
The temporary exhibition space lies behind the main reception. A 300 m2 permanent exhibition gallery and an auditorium are also present. Interesting wall panels and a maze like set-up serve as attractions for the same.
Executive reading lounge
Auditorium(+reading)
Staff
Media
Elevator Toilet
Admin
Workshop
Cafe
Concierge
Reception
Exhibition
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TCDC
Importance of cohesive use of spacesImportance of flexibility by incorporation.Importance of inspiration through exhibits.
Image ReferenceTCDC; Infrastructure and Transportation, Thai Forum. www.skyscrapercity.com
Low seating furniture, postmodern designs, were some variations seen in the otherwise normal seating. Different areas for quiet study and discussion spaces were demarcated.
Executive reading lounge
Auditorium(+reading)
Staff
Media
Elevator Toilet
Admin
Workshop
Cafe
Concierge
Reception
Exhibition
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TCDC
Importance of proximal recreationImportance of access to non members.Importance of convenience to members
Image ReferenceTCDC; Infrastructure and Transportation, Thai Forum. www.skyscrapercity.com
The workshop area also had a direct connection with a landscaped terrace. The café was almost flowing into the workspace separated by just the reception, allowing users to switch working atmosphere.
Executive reading lounge
Auditorium(+reading)
Staff
Media
Elevator Toilet
Admin
Workshop
Cafe
Concierge
Reception
Exhibition
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TCDCExposed servicesExposed concrete
High ceilingsAdequate security
Wooden flooringModern furnitureLong windows
Warm yellow lightingSuspended lightingStrong use of accent light
Abundant use of letteringCreate element of interest
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TCDC“…portray the possibility of creativity in the talented society without preconceiving dominated design
vocabulary. The space was meant to stimulate creative impulses in the individual whilst not overstating
any certain design direction.”
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PARAGRAPH-NEW YORK-
WRITER’S WORKSPACE-CHICAGO-
comfortable, inspiring environment, so writers can concentrate on their creative work and enjoy as much or
as little community as they want.
affordable and tranquil working environment for writers of all genres. Writers work best in a quiet, comfortable
space away from the hurry and obligation of urban life.
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IHCLight and shadow playTextured surfacesTropical forest imageLarge central spacePlanter edges as seatsMonumental scaleLevel differencesEnclosed spacesSculptures
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SUMMARY tldrAppropriate flow
User flow to be
defined for proper
usage of spaces.
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PROPOSED SITE
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24400 m2
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Three essential design principles can be said to follow in the architecture of Shantiniketan, those being:1. A building could be reduced to a tunnel, where the rooms on the wings having a run-through space at the centre.2. The building process always started with the central lounge while the other components grew organically around it3. The elevations of the buildings are never monumental, the floor and the plinth always being close to the ground.
Reference1. Samit Das (2010) Architecture of Shantiniketan, [Lecture to Mongolbarer Shabha Lecture Program]. 4 December.2. Samit Das (2013). Architecture of Santiniketan: Tagore’s Concept of Space. pg 3-83. Tentative World Heritage Site List, Document submitted by Archeaological Survey of India. whc.unesco.org
SHANTIIKETAN ARCHITECTURE
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A cultural confluence, an experiment in rural reconstruction and environmentalism and at the same time a confluence and coming together of myriad cultures, languages and the culmination of Tagore's principles of internationalism and universalism.
Nandalal Bose, created an environment where art would be a part of lifeThe landscape of Shantiniketan is dotted with sculptures.Exotic plants and trees from various locations
It aimed at preserving rural/traditional architectural infrastructure with special focus on usage of local materials and manpower, while at the same time redefine the concept of house building, evolving from the daily existence.
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Among modern writers he has the uncommon distinction that while the sophisticated Bengali intellectuals delight in his verse and prose and learned professors write volumes on them, the simple unlettered folk in the congested lanes of Calcutta or in the remote villages of Bengal sing his songs with rapture.
WHAT I LEARNT FROM
We imagine that our salvation lies in the selected best points of the West, pitched together in an eclectic perfection.
Patching up missing fractions is allowed in modern surgery, but to build up a whole man by piecing together foreign fragments?
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ORGANIC INCLUSIVE CONTEXTUAL
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Further detail out qualitative design inputs based on literature study
Improve the activity and user flow diagram presented
Site visit, climate analysis, and broad space function positioning
Zoning, space proximity matrix, bubble diagram, in context of the site
Elaborate nuances by literature review
Start with single line diagrams
NEXT
STEP
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CLARIFY
COMMENT
CRITICIZE
44
