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TOWARD MORE LIVABLE WINTER CITIES Sustainable urbanism and the challenges and opportunities to live ‘under the weather’
Deni Ruggeri, PhD Associate Professor and LA Section Chair Department of Landscape Architecture and Spatial Planning
Norwegian University of Life Sciences
A WINTER CITY’S STORY….
Ralph Erskine (Uk 1914-‐ Sweden 2005)
Sketch for a temperature controlled city -‐ Ralph Erskine
DESIGN ‘WITH’ NATURE
Resolute Bay, Quebec -‐ Ralph Erskine (1973)
Vall, N. Social engineering and par.cipa.on in Anglo-‐Swedish housing 1945–1976: Ralph Erskine's vernacular plan (2008)
“the convic+on that the spaUal arrangement of residenUal
areas, with an emphasis on communal space, could be a force in the producUon of good ciUzenship was a recurrent theme
of [Erskine’s] urban village format’
Resolute Bay, Quebec -‐ Ralph Erskine
The seXlement of Resolute Bay today
Inuit men hunUng for food
McGowan, J. Ralph Erskine,(Skiing) Architect. (2008)
‘In the sub-‐arc+c zone there is an enormous quan+ty of space,
but no established culture…The na+ves led their own primi+ve life there. …It has become apparent that there is a need to find…[a] method of life –of modern life–
in this untried region’
On behalf of the Government of Canada and all Canadians, we would like to offer a full and sincere apology to Inuit for the reloca+on of families from Inukjuak and Pond Inlet to Grise Fiord and Resolute
Bay during the 1950s
John Duncan, PC, MP, Quebec Minister of Indian Affairs (2010)
SUSTAINABILITY TO BIOPHILIA: THE NATURE OF LIVABLE CITIES
Brundtland, G. Our common future (1987)
Richard Register, Ecocity vision of San Francisco (1987)
Council of Europe, European Landscape ConvenUon (2000)
“
‘Landscape’ means an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result
of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors
“
Biophilia: “the innately emotional affiliation of human beings to other
living organisms. Innate means hereditary, and hence,
part of ultimate human nature”
Beatley, T. Biophilic ciUes: integraUng nature into urban design and planning (2011)
“ “
Michael Southworth’s (2003) livability dimensions superimposed on Canter’s “place” definiUon (1977)
ENVIRONMENTAL
SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
*"Environmental"health"
absence"of"crime"*"
opportuni5es"for"employment"*""
affordability"of"housing"*"
*"quality"of"schools"and"public"services""
*""quality/character"of"public"spaces"
""""""""""""""walkability"""*"
*""street"grid"connec5vity"""""""
*""block"size"
*"Transit"op5ons"
Support"for""the"needs"of"young"children,""""adolescents,"elderly,"handicapped,"single"
adults,"and"families."
*""
*"Urban"nature/ecology"
History"and"local"culture""*"
*""hazards"protec5on"
*""
vitality"and"economic"viability"*""
*"""Produc5ve"landscapes"
*"Democra5c"life"
"""" "convenient"access"to"parks"and""""""recrea5on,"schools,"libraries,"local"services"
*""comfortable"neighborhoods""
Par5cipa5on"and"shared"governance"*"
adaptability"*""
density"*""
*"Iden5ty"and"place"aHachment"
Maintenance"and"stewardship"*"
Livability indicators
Arnstein, S, A Ladder of Ci.zen Par.cipa.on (1969)
ParUcipaUon workshops in Bodø, Norway focusing on the experience of children
Barnetråkk – child track
Student project from LAA341 – The Urban Landscape as a Social arena
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FOCUS AREA 2: COMMUNITY NODE.
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Neighbourhood Space
Green space
Square
New public green
Infill (houses and services)
Entrances
Entrances to public buildings
Bicycle parking
Car parking P P P
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Phase 1: Inverventions like parklets small, urban farm pock-ets, a mini chicken farm, a bonfire place or a bike repair shed gets placed in the street, stewarded by the common-scape committee.
Phase 2: The commonscape structure gets implemented in the street. The Commonscape committees continue to decide what will be in the different green space and neighbourhood space. The space in front of the local grocery shop gets turned into a community square with a few new buildings that can hold for example a local bak-ery or a cafe.
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Student project from LAA341 – The Urban Landscape as a Social arena
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WINTER IN THECOMMUNITY NODE
Student project from LAA341 – The Urban Landscape as a Social arena
LIVABLE WINTER CITIES URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR
SOCIAL LIFE ‘UNDER THE WEATHER’
177 cars people 200
bikes 200 3 buses
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION INSTEAD OF CARS
Vallingby, Sweden – megaroof on the exisUng town center
OPTIONS FOR OUTDOOR SHOPPING AND COMMUNITY LIFE
OPTIONS FOR OUTDOOR SHOPPING AND SOCIAL LIFE
Outdoor social life at a café in Stockholm, Sweden
MAKING THE WAIT MORE PREDICTABLE: TRAFFIC INFO OUTDOORS AND INDOORS
A Transit screen (leq) and bus stop in Oslo, Norway
SAFE, RIABLE AND COMFORTABLE PUBLIC TRANSIT
Heated bus shelters in Minneapolis, Minnesota
PROVIDE MOMENTS OF COMMUNITY LIFE AND SOCIAL CAPITAL
Redesign of NicoleX Mall in Minneapolis – Field OperaUons
ADD FOOD TO THE MIX OF USES AVAILABLE TO PEDESTRIANS
Restaurant Day in Helsinki
AN EVER CHANGING PUBLIC REALM: POP-‐UP URBANISM
Pop up restaurant at Oslo’s central staUon
IMAGEABILITY: MAKING THE CITY A MEMORABLE EXPERIENCE
SnøheXa – Oslo Opera House
IMAGEABILITY AT THE PEDESTRIAN SCALE: USING LIGHTING CREATIVELY
Jyväskylä, Finland -‐ The City of Light
Providence, RI – Waterfire – Barnaby Jones
URBAN SCAPES FOR YEAR-‐ROUND USE
GIVE PEOPLE OPPORTUNITIES TO ENGAGE THE LANDSCAPE
Sapporo, Japan – Annual Winter FesUval
PLACE NATURE NEAR PEOPLE FOR STRONGER BIOPHILIA
The Oslomarka skiing and hiking is a 20 minute ride away
NEIGHBORHOOD FESTIVALS TO CELEBRATE THE SEASONS
The ‘polar plunge’ in the Sørenga District of Oslo
PLANTING SCHEMES THAT ACCENTUATE WINTER EFFECT
Anglesey Abbey Gardens, Lode, Cambridge
BUILD CAPACITY: LAYER FUNCTIONS AND THINK ABOUT CREATIVE SYNERGIES
Amager Bakke, Copenhagen – BIG Group Architects
WINTER CITY: STRONG ECONOMIES, 365 DAYS A YEAR
hXp://insightcenter.eprkc.com/
WINTER CITIES, SUMMER ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Broecklhof Ski resort, Austria (hXp://www.broecklhof.at)
winter ciUes livability
ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT
COMMUNITY