1Peter Morville, Internet Librarian International, 2013

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4 Design for Discovery Peter Morville & Jeffery Callender Search Patterns

5 I say we fight for and maintain our very long-term and hard- won connection to books and what they represent. Joseph Janes

6 The structural design of shared information environments. The organization, labeling, search, and navigation systems in websites and intranets.

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Fragmentation Fragmentation into multiple sites, domains, and identities is clearly a major problem. Users dont know which site to visit for which purpose. Findability Users cant find what they need from the home page, but most users dont come through the front door. They enter via a web search or a deep link, and are confused by what they find. Even worse, most never use the Library, because its resources arent easily findable.

11 1. One Library 2. Core Areas 3. Network Intelligence Web Strategy Library Web Online Onsite National Library Congress (about/for) Copyright Hierarchy top-down Network bottom-up +

12 Interfaces Portal Search Object Set Page Caveats Visual Design Starting Point Wireframes

13Source: Search Patterns (2010) EngineResults ContentQuery CreatorsUsers Interface Goals Psychology Behavior Interaction Aordances Language Features Technology Algorithms Indexing Structure Metadata Tools Process Incentives Search is a Complex, Adaptive System

14 Search Objects Portal FindAbout Discovery Paths Patterns Incentives Users Brand Findable Social Goal Gateway Collection Ask Browse Federated Faceted Fast Give me a fulcrum and a place to stand, and I will move the world. Archimedes

15 Web Governance Board

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20 Technology + Pedagogy

21 When I was playing baseball, most of the time I wasnt playing full-scale, four bases, nine innings. I was playing a perfectly suitable junior version of the game...But when I was studying those shards of math and history, I wasnt playing a junior version of anything. It was like batting practice without knowing the whole game. Why would anyone want to do that?

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23 The MOOCs must first compete with nonconsumption by meeting demand outside the schools (e.g., developing countries, home-schooling) and then within (e.g., letting students take courses not offered by their district). Later, this self-paced, student- centered model may gain sufficient momentum to become the dominant paradigm.

24 The Architecture of a Class

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Regardless of all the time and effort libraries put into providing a variety of research tools and resources on their websites, the literature suggests that students still prefer to start their research using Google or some other form of search engine. It is clear that there is an overwhelming preference for easy to use, familiar search tools that transcend education level, discipline of study, and student demographics. Discovery Layers and the Distance Student Jessica Mussell (2012) 26

27 Strengths Fast, easy, familiar Cross-disciplinary searching Links to citing and related articles

28 Weaknesses No advanced search functionality Limited, inaccurate metadata Inconsistent coverage across disciplines No transparency (coverage, algorithms, usage, monetization) Not customizable or interoperable

Information Literacy 29 Employers claimed that college hires rarely conducted the thorough research required of them in the workplace. At worst, some college hires solved problems with a lightning quick Google search, a scan of the first couple of pages of results, and a linear answer finding approach. I had a new graduate hire who only searched for papers on Google. I said, youre missing things, you need to use PubMed, and he responded, Well, I did this quick search, and thats what I got. But thats not good enough. Project Information Literacy: Learning Curve by Alison J. Head (2012)

30Key Strategic Insights for Libraries, Publishers, and Societies by Roger C. Schonfeld (2010) Faculty rate importance of library roles The academic library is increasingly being disintermediated from the discovery process, risking irrelevance in one of its core functional areas.

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32 Federated Bento Box NCSU Stanford Dartmouth Virginia Columbia

33 Aggregated Faceted Cornell Duke McGill Northwestern U. Washington

34 FacetedNavigation

35 AdaptiveFacets

Gross and Sheridan conducted a usability study that examined how Summon (web-scale discovery) was used for common library search tasks. Summon was positioned as the primary search box on the librarys home page for the study. They found that the single search box was employed for 80% of the assigned tasks. How Users Search the Library from a Single Search Box Lown, Sierra, Boyer (2013) 36

Use of full-text online content dramatically increased in the year following implementation. Librarians found they could focus instruction less on choosing a database or catalog and more on refining a search, research as an iterative process, and other high level search skills. The Impact of Serial Solutions Summon on Information Literacy Instruction Stephanie Buck and Margaret Mellinger (2011) 37

38 Google Google Scholar University Website Library Portal Individual Library Subject (LibGuide) Origin Faculty (Profile, Publications) Course (Course Pack, LMS) Resource (Article, Book) AppsviaAPI Source Borrow Direct (Ivy League) HathiTrust (Shared Repository) Portal (Library Facilities, Services) Catalog (Owned) Databases (Licensed) Institutional Repository WorldCat (Libraries Worldwide) Web (Free, Fee) * source may be path or destination Search as a Service

39 63% didnt use any Internet resources, other than the Guide, to complete their assignment. Embedding LibGuides into Course Management Systems Stephanie Brown (2012) GO History of Science: Nature on Display Search Embeddable Search Widget

40 Underlying Assumptions Espoused Values Artifacts Visible organizational structures and processes (hard to decipher) Strategies, goals, philosophies, justifications Unconscious, taken for granted beliefs, perceptions, thoughts, feelings (source of values, action) Three Levels of Culture

41 Inquiry Learning

42 Information Literacy The ability the find, evaluate, create, organize, and use information from myriad sources and media.

43 INCOMEINCOME INFORMATION LIFE LIFE LITERACY

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45 70 percent of humans experience severe back painand in the U.S. this results in tens of thousands of surgeries each year. Theres a secret about MRIs and back pain: the most common problems physicians see on MRI and attribute to back pain herniated, ruptured, and bulging discs are seen almost as commonly on MRIs of healthy people without back pain.

46 Why is Medicine a Mess? Our minds/bodies are complex. Patients want a quick fix. Doctors hate saying: I dont know. The AMA is an advocacy group. Relentless and insidious advertising. Industry-funded research. $2.7 trillion per year.

47 There are a thousand hacking at the branches of evil to one who is striking at the root. Henry David Thoreau Our government is corrupt. Not corrupt in any criminal sense. But corrupt in a perfectly legal sense: special interests bend the levers of power to benefit them at the expense of the rest of us.

48The relationship between information and culture

49 It is now my suggestion that many people may not want information, and that they will avoid using a system precisely because it gives them informationIf you have information, you must first read it You must then try to understand itUnderstanding the information may show that your work was wrong, or may show that your work was needlessThus not having and not using information can often lead to less trouble and pain than having and using it. Calvin Mooers (1959) The limits of information

50 We shape our buildings. Thereafter, they shape us.

51The order of food influences choice by as much as 25 percent.

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53 Some habits have the power to start a chain reaction. Success doesnt depend on getting every single thing right, but instead relies on identifying a few key priorities and fashioning them into powerful levers.

54 Willpower is the single most important keystone habit for individual success.

55 Paul ONeil as CEO of Alcoa I want to talk to you about worker safetyI intend to make Alcoa the safest company in America. I intend to go for zero injuries. We killed this man. Its my failure of leadership. I caused his death. And its the failure of all of you in the chain of command.

56 A culture of generosity. Josie Parker, Ann Arbor District Library

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58 A library, like a national park, teaches us that we all benefit when our most valuable treasures are held in common. Peter Morville, Inspiration Architecture

59 Keystone A central stone at the summit of an arch locking the whole together.

60 Polar bears are a keystone species in the Arctic ecosystem.

The library is a keystone of culture.

62 A library outranks any other one thing a community can do to benefit its people. It is a never failing spring in the desert. Andrew Carnegie (1889)

63 Too many people think that we dont need libraries when we have the Internet. John Palfrey, DPLA (2012)

64 The library is an act of inspiration architecture.

65IA Therefore I Am Inspiration Architecture by Peter Morville When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe. John Muir