LITREATURE REVIEW on commercial complex

A building which provide commercial facilities like show rooms, retail shops, multipurpose hall, fitness facilities, cafeteria & eateries, gaming zone, bank, offices etc.

REQUIREMENTS:•Parking•Circulation and linkage•Service and facilities•Atriums ,courtyard

Planning principles: Conveniences and comfort for the customers

is the key objective of all the planning principles which include:

Ease of vehicular accessEase and adequacy of parkingAdequate means of vertical circulationConvenient and directed pedestrian shopping

routesReasonable walking distance

Entrance of mall –unique style and identify.Relative position of stores Safety measures,fire

safety,communication,the control system and security

Proper public flow

General Information:Space per person:8m2-13m2 (avg-10m2)Commonly used column spacing: 20ft., 25ft.

and 30ftFloor to floor ht:10’-14’(avg-12’)Finished ceiling ht.:8’-8’-6”

LITRETURE REVIEW

MAX. 20%

PARKING:•20%of total area•2.3car per 1000sq.ft of rentable area•Max turning radius 20 ft.•Max. ramp slope 20%•Transition slopes are required if inclination is more than 10%.• Clearance height optimum 7 ft.•Maxm distance from parking to store:300ft-400ft

Parking

According To National Building Code (NBC)one car parking area must not be less than 13.75

Sq. M and one two wheeler parking area must not be less than 1.25 Sq. M 

Parking requirement in multi-storied buildings: One parking space for every 100 square meter carpet area.

StaircaseMinimun width:5’Floor area more than 2500sq.ft required

additional stairAdditional stair minimum width:3’3”Maximum riser:8”Minimum tread:9”Seperate way for basement parkingMaximum no.of steps in a fligth:15Pitch maximum:45 degree

RampRatio:1:8,1:10,1:12Angle:LiftPlace to reduce horizontal travelCentrally locatedFloor space in lift:0.2sq m per personBuilding more than 17m required liftSize-5’x5’

Lift for disable:Landing space infront of lift sufficent to allow

wheelchair.Minimum internal space:1:1m and 1.4m

depthand 2m ht.Door size:minimum 0.8m and 2m ht

Escalator: Arranged in pair in opposite direction1 per 25000 sq.ftWidth:600,800,1000Speed :.5-.065m/sPitch:35*Elevator lobby:6’-9”

Corridor:5’-6”Maximum distance from employ desk to exit:150’Maximum distance from store to rest room At least one primary entrance to a building shall be

usable by the physically disabled and be on the level that would provide access to elevators where provided.

Access ramps for wheelchairs shall not have gradients in excess of 1:12. Level platforms shall be provided at max. 1800 mm flight. Level plateforms shall also be provided at tops and changes of direction. The minimum widths of wheelchair accessible ramps shall be 1000mm. Handrails are required when the total rise exceeds 600 mm.

•Absolute min. area per person

•3.7 to 4.2 m2 (including aisles, filing cabinets and desk space). But this is too low for individual offices.

•Min. area for reasonable conditions.Additional spaces for visitors.•Recommended allowance for completely integrated office with all activities under one roof. •Completely integrated office plus eating and lounge facilities.•Proportion of total area to be aimed at for office working space.

•4.2 to 6 m2 min. floor area per person. 11.3 m2 min. room capacity per person.Allow min. 1.8 m2 extra for visitors.•Average of 9.3 m2 to 11.6 m2 per person excluding circulation, w.c.’s etc.•Min. 14 m2 per person.•Nearly 80% of gross internal floor area.

No.of men No.of w/c No of urinal1-15 1 116-20 1 121-30 2 231-45 2 240-60 3 361-75 3 376-90 4 491-100 4 4Over 100 4 Plus 1 closet for

every 25 person

Cinema:Floor area:0.6-0.9m2/personht.:6m (small),7.5 (large)Curtain wallMinmum distance from screen to 1st

seat:4.5mNo lighting rather than emergency lighting

α

Projection angle

Projection angle should not be greater than 10˚

Maximum travel distance with escape, possible in one direction only- 12.2m

Distance can be exceed upto30.5m if the following requirements are met:- Opening in all offices 840mm X 535mm minimum.

- Lower level of opening light not more than 3800mm above ground and 915mm above floor level.

- Ground beneath window free of obstruction for 1830mm from building.  

Maximum travel distance with escape possible in alternative direction- 46m

If no secondary exit is provided ,the distance between office to nearer exit:maxm 12.2m 

Maximum distance between two adjacent exits from a storey- 61m. 

  Fire fight stair- at least one fire-fighting stair is required in building

with floors over 18.3m above ground level which should:- Be continuous throughout building.- Have access at ground level direct to open air.- Have openable windows at each landing level.- Have permanent ventilation at the top enclosure of min 5% of enclosed area.- Have protected and ventilate lobby at each floor.

  Fire exhaust fans become very important incase of atrium buildings.

Fire detection alarms and reserved water tanks for fire fighting are important aspect of fire safety.

 

smoke detection,fire alram,extigisherFire escape stair minimum width /person

50 110 220 220

750mm 830mm 1050mm 1055mm

Case study of uwtc

THE UNITED WORLD TRADE CENTERArchitect:Ar.Bishnu pd. Panthee.Locaton:Tripureswore, KathmanduTotal area:10-15-3-0Land shape:Almost rectangularGround coverage:61.3%Built up area:213178 sq.ftMain entry:South-East Secondary entry:SouthNo of floors:6Topography:Almost flat landBuilding type:Postmodern design.Building usage:shoping complex

Material used: RCC,Glass Steel,Truss,Fibre glass ACP,CGI sheet

Structure Analysis: Frame structureColumn: Circular-1’-6’ dia Rectangular-1’-6”x1’-6”Slab:6”Plain /waffle structureGrid:18’x18’Floor ht-11’

Parking2 wheeler-5004wheeler-200

StaircaseWidth of staircase:5’-10”Tread-11”Riser-6”Fire escape stair:4’-3”(width)Riser :6”Used frequently

Circulation:Horizontal:wide and sufficent passage of different

width(5’,6’6”,8’,10’,12’,20’)Vertical:Staircase, 4 lifts(4’-0”x4’-4”) Escalator of width 3’-3”,with railing of 3’-3”ht. time :15sec Lobby space:5’10”

Parking: Basement parking 50%parking, 50%circulaton area Separate entry and exit Ramp:1:6,1:4

Flow:The passenger arranged the outer periphery of

the two attrium.Free flowing pattern within the buildingMajor mass flow occurs through the staircase.The passage has also been used as a bridge

connection between the two parts of each floor.

LightingNatural light through attrium

Rest room: At the one corner of each floor. Room well ventilated and use of natural light Men-4w/c, 3basins, 6urinals Women-3w/c, 2basins. Ducts are provided for the outlet of waste through pipes.Basement analysis: Clearance ht:8’ Provision of toilet Provision of of storage area,generator room,fire fighting,electical room Provision of Guard room Provision of lifts in two place. Speed breaker is provided. Turning radius:20’

SKY LIGHT

PASSAGE N SHOP

ATRIUM

SHOWROOM ELEVATORS

Ground floor: The entire ground floor contains shopping elements.Coffee shopFirst floor: - shops Second floor: - retail shops.Third floor: - kid zone and game zoneFourth floor:whole of the floor is occupied by DECC

(Direction Exhibition Convention Center) , it contains seminar hall, multi-purpose hall, exhibition hall, Agni hall of 500 capacity and food outlet to cater its customers.

The floor has been planed and developed to provide different utility sections to conduct different exhibition, seminar etc.

Direction Exhibition and Convention Center(DECC) at fourth floor (area 254540sq ft).

Conduct event like, exhibition, trade fair and seminarExhibition hall=12000sq ft.Capacity nearly 70 standard Seminar cum Banquet Hall =1650 sq.ft.(nearly 150 participants)Food outlet/kitchen=2425sq ft. Capacity to cater to 100 customers at a time, a special VIP suite, 12 business chamber Multi –purpose hall=1350 sq ft.

Fifth floor:- A restaurant covering area of200 capacity,a party palace of 1000 capacity and UWTC office .The west wing has a swimming pool, gym hall and its cafeteria owned by the fitness club with 400 members and spa center.

BOWLING ALLEY PARTY PALACE

DISPLAY AREA MULTIPURPOSE HALL

Ground floor plan

First floor plan

Second floor plan

Third floor plan

Fourth floor plan

Fifth floor plan

Sixth floor plan

Drawbacks:Location of toilet doesn’t seem to be

convenient toilets lie at a distance of 100m from the rare sides.

The FAR recommended for commercial building in Kathmandu valley is 3 but the FAR of UWTC is 3.9.

There is only one access to the fifth floor.The central elliptical staircase is not being

properly used.