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Immigration and Labor Immigration and Labor Movements Change AmericaMovements Change AmericaObjective: To Cover the social Objective: To Cover the social
changes that take place changes that take place during the early 20during the early 20thth Century Century
Division of LaborDivision of Labor
Workers begin to specialize in one Workers begin to specialize in one tasktask
Division of Labor made work faster Division of Labor made work faster and cheaper and cheaper
Unskilled or low skill workers did Unskilled or low skill workers did most of the workmost of the work
Salaries were lowSalaries were low
Cities Grow LargerCities Grow Larger By 1900 half of the By 1900 half of the
nation’s people lived in nation’s people lived in citiescities
Mass transit systems Mass transit systems are developedare developed
Crowding in cities Crowding in cities leads to problemsleads to problems
Not enough clean Not enough clean waterwater
Garbage, Rats and Garbage, Rats and Diseases spreadDiseases spread
Lack of police and fire Lack of police and fire protectionprotection
Old Immigrants Old Immigrants Immigrants prior to Immigrants prior to
1880 called old 1880 called old immigrantsimmigrants
Came mostly from Came mostly from England, Scotland, England, Scotland, Ireland, and Ireland, and GermanyGermany
Many knew how to Many knew how to read and write and read and write and speak Englishspeak English
Most were Most were Protestant Protestant
New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants Immigrants who arrive Immigrants who arrive
after 1880 were called new after 1880 were called new immigrantsimmigrants
Came mostly from Poland, Came mostly from Poland, Russia, Greece, Italy, and Russia, Greece, Italy, and Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary
Many could not read or Many could not read or writewrite
Most were Catholics or Most were Catholics or JewsJews
Between 1880 and 1914 22 Between 1880 and 1914 22 million new immigrants million new immigrants arrive in Americaarrive in America
Why did they come?Why did they come? 1. to escape 1. to escape
povertypoverty 2. They believe 2. They believe
America was land America was land of opportunityof opportunity
3. For Religious 3. For Religious freedom and to freedom and to escape persecutionescape persecution
For many first view For many first view of America was the of America was the Statue of Liberty Statue of Liberty
Immigrant life in AmericaImmigrant life in America Lived in Crowed Lived in Crowed
TenementsTenements Many faced Many faced
prejudicesprejudices American’s were American’s were
angry because angry because Immigrants kept Immigrants kept wages lowwages low
American’s American’s pressure Congress pressure Congress to actto act
Congress creates Congress creates quota systemquota system
Causes leading to Labor UnionsCauses leading to Labor Unions Work Conditions Work Conditions
were extremely were extremely poor and poor and dangerousdangerous
Low Wages few Low Wages few earned more then earned more then 16 dollars a week16 dollars a week
Long hoursLong hours By 1890 1/5 of By 1890 1/5 of
children worked 14 children worked 14 hr dayshr days
Labor UnionsLabor Unions First Union Knights of First Union Knights of
Labor 1869 first union Labor 1869 first union to allow Blacks, and to allow Blacks, and WomenWomen
American Federation American Federation of Labor (AFL) made of Labor (AFL) made up of several smaller up of several smaller unionsunions
By 1904 AFL had over By 1904 AFL had over 1 million members1 million members
Goals of Unions: better Goals of Unions: better pay, less hours, better pay, less hours, better work conditionswork conditions
Union TacticsUnion Tactics
Include collective bargaining--Include collective bargaining-- Mangers and workers meet to solve Mangers and workers meet to solve
problemsproblems Strikes --Strikes -- When workers stop working and When workers stop working and
walkout and protestwalkout and protest
Striking for better conditionsStriking for better conditions
1892 Homestead 1892 Homestead workers went on strike workers went on strike over low wagesover low wages
Management refused Management refused to talkto talk
And hired arm guardsAnd hired arm guards Workers and guards Workers and guards
fightfight Union failed to win Union failed to win
better salariesbetter salaries