xAPI Models & ImplicationsMEGAN TORRANCE, TORRANCELEARNING

What is SCORM?

Time

Score

Location

Status

Answers

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Activity Provider

Activity Statement

Learning Record Store

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Activity Provider

Content

Activity Statement

Learning Record Store

You

Legacy content

Kirkpatrick’s Levels of Training

Evaluation

Level 2 Level 2 Level 3 / 4 Level 4 / 5

Behaviors

!

Practice & Testing

Knowledge & Retention

Results & ROI

Level 1

Satisfaction & Experience

SCORM

xAPI

The 70/20/10

People ExperienceFormal

SCORM

xAPI

Conrad Gottfredson & Bob Mosher's

5 (9) Moments of Learning Need

5 Moments of Learning Need: Gottfredson & Mosher

9 Moments of Need: Torrance

Apply

New

More

Solve

Change

SCO

RM

xAP

I

SCO

RM

BeforePrepare

Remember

Teach

What can you do now that you have

xAPI?

Learn more about the learning experience

Learn more about the performance

Correlate learning with performance

Correlate learning with results

Correlate performance with results

Offer more targeted training

Support performance in better ways

Learn from others

Share learning with others

Compare performance and learning across learners

Deliver and track training outside of the LMS

A taxonomy of xAPI projects

Some trail markers make it easier.

The markers help you sort out:

The nature of the experience

The nature of transactions

The context of the situation

Who the initiator of the transaction is

The purpose for the evaluation

The experience is …

Social

Activity is (can be) shared

with and followed by others

Activity is consumed

horizontally across the

organization

Encourages learning from

others (high performers)

Personal

Activity is (relatively) private

Activity is primarily

consumed by the learner

and vertically with leaders

S P

The transactions are…

Predictable

We know the triggers and

when to expect them

We know the possible range

of statements

Variable

Triggers are “random” or at

least not prescribed

Verbs and direct objects are

unknown until used

P V

The context is …

Learning

Transactions document the

learning process and/or

performance simulations

Source of transactions has

(often) been created by the

L&D team

Performance

Transactions document

actual performance

Source of transactions has

been created by (or in)

another source and sent to

or imported by the learning

system

L P

The initiator is …

The learner

The learner

chooses when

to document

the experience.

An observer

An observer

chooses when

to document

the experience.

The environmentThe experience is documented behind the scenes.

The learner may not be overtly aware of it.

L O E

The evaluation is …

Formative

What do you know?

What don’t you know?

Data is used to determine

learning gaps (and

ultimately fill them).

Summative

What have you learned?

What can you do with it?

Data used to certify that

learning has happened.

F S

Exp

erie

nce

is …

Tra

nsac

tions

are

..C

onte

xt is

…In

itiat

or is

…E

valu

atio

n is

…

USE

CA

SES

WH

Y x

AP

I?

Traditional SCORM Elearning

Learners access elearning in a learning

management system (LMS).

Important metrics include completion,

score, status, location.

If this works for the situation,

there may be no need for an

xAPI solution.

Traditional compliance course

Info & test-based course

E

L

P

P ersonal

redictable

earning

nvironment

S ummative

SCORM on steroids

Where can I get it?

Sean Putman’s work in xapiquarterly.com

Exp

erie

nce

is …

Tra

nsac

tions

are

..C

onte

xt is

…In

itiat

or is

…E

valu

atio

n is

…

USE

CA

SES

WH

Y x

AP

I?

SCORM on steroids

Track all the things.

You need to track more, and more

easily, than could ever be done with

SCORM.

This formal learning environment is still

a private experience.

You need to track multiple people doing

the same thing together.

Document more about learning Learner groups working

together

Don’t have SCORM & need to

start up fast

L

L

P

P

S

ersonal

redictable

earning

earner

ummative

The hypomnema

Where can I get it?

https://github.com/TorranceLearning/bookmarklet

tincanapi.com/bookmarklet/

Exp

erie

nce

is …

Tra

nsac

tions

are

..C

onte

xt is

…In

itiat

or is

…E

valu

atio

n is

…

USE

CA

SES

WH

Y x

AP

I?

Personal organizer

Class assignment to collect

resources

The hypomnema

Personal learning diary

Learner bookmarks web pages and

experiences to create a personal diary.

Others can see or follow the path. High

performers can be followed.

Tag and comment on pages.

Creates a personalized & transferrable

library.

Document more about learning

L

L

V

S

earning

earner

?

ocial

ariable

The experience learning to do list

Where can I get it?

https://github.com/TorranceLearning/xAPI-Gnome

Exp

erie

nce

is …

Tra

nsac

tions

are

..C

onte

xt is

…In

itiat

or is

…E

valu

atio

n is

…

USE

CA

SES

WH

Y x

AP

I?

The experience learning to do list

Personal learning checklist

The learner has a checklist of things to

accomplish as part of a curriculum.

SCORM and non-SCORM items can be

on the checklist.

Two-way communication with the LRS

means the learner can initiate some

checks, and others can be gathered

“hands-free.”Track learning outside the LMS

Learn more about the learning

process

Support performance

New hire checklist

Coaching checklists

Deli counter prep checklist

L

L

P

P

F

ersonal

redictable

earning

earner

ormative

CASE:

You are building or

acquiring a tool that

will allow an

observer to rate an

employee’s skills

based on a rubric

and transmit that

data via xAPI.

P ersonals ocial

V ariableP redictable

P erformanceL earning

S ummativeF ormative

O bserverL earner E nvironment

So what?!?!

The experience is …

Social Personal

S P

The transactions are…

Predictable Variable

P V

The context is …

Learning Performance

L P

The initiator is …

The learner An observer The environment

L O E

The evaluation is …

Formative Summative

F S