Upload
transportforum-vti
View
378
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Low Energy Techniques in Pavement Engineering and Management
Prof. Björn BirgissonDivision of Highway and Railway Engineering
The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
&
Prof. Dariusz SybilskiIBDiM (Road & Bridge Research Institute), Warsaw, Poland
Presentation at Transportforum 2009 Energieffektiv väg- och banhållning
•2
What will I talk about?
• Sustainability and environmental protection in Highway Engineering
• Variety of Warm Asphalt Mixtures
•3
• Sustainability and environmental protection in Highway Engineering
• Variety of Warm Asphalt Mixtures
Sustainable and Environmental Friendly Roads – Material Solutions
• Contribution of the Asphalt Industry• Use of materials
– Re-use – recycling – Use of secondary materials
• Minimising waste– No waste
• Environment – Reduction emissions & odour
• Living environment– Noise reduction
• Energy consumption– Energy & CO2 reduction
• Energy harvesting pavements (longer pavement life, less heat island effect in cities)
•- 4 -
Sustainable and Environmental Friendly Roads – Design and Management Solutions
• Development of new high-performance, long-lasting pavement material solutions and designs for:
– Whole life pavement analysis and design that integrate:
• Mechanistic design principles • LCC • vehicle-road interaction for reduced fuel consumption (5-10 percent for trucks, up to 40
percent for passenger cars!)
• QA/QC for improved reliability, longer life
– Pavement management systems that focus on reducing energy usage
• Asphalt & Cement with Titaniumdioxide (TiO2):
NONONONO22
NONONONO22
Nitrog. oxidesCar
TiO2TiOTiO22CaCaCa
clean
Smog Eating Pavements: Photocatalytic PavementsSmog Eating Pavements: Photocatalytic PavementsAlso Reduce Heat Island Effect!Also Reduce Heat Island Effect!
Ca(NO3)2washed awayCa(NOCa(NO33))22
washed awaywashed away
cleanOxidationOxidation
Ca(NO3)2Ca(NOCa(NO33))22
UVUV
dirty
• Example Asphalt with Coating:
1. NOx-pollutants attach to TiO2-Nanoparticles 2. UV (Sun) activates TiO2 producing Ca(NO3)2 that taken away by rain
Via MorandiVia Morandi,, Milano, 2002NOx-Red: 14...50% (5...90kLux)
Italcementi, Technical Report, May 2005)
St UlrichSt Ulrich SouthTirol (IT)Impreg top 20mm
Prof. Bocci, Univ. delle Marche, Ancona
Photoroad
normal
IchikawaIchikawa
http://www.fujitaroad.co.jp/tec/hosou/environment/foto-news.htm
Modification of Asphalt to Lower Modification of Asphalt to Lower Construction TemperaturesConstruction Temperatures
• Additives to control viscosity during mixing and paving
– Does not increase viscosity during paving or recycling of the pavement
– Will automatically form asphalt film thicknesses needed for good cracking, rutting and durability performance at a specified construction temperature
• Gradation and mix sequencing to control mixing and construction temperatures
• Foamed asphalt technology• Wax bitumen• Smart polymer networks that set at a given
threshold cooling temperature • = Aggregates
Long Life, Low Energy, Low C02 Emission Portland Long Life, Low Energy, Low C02 Emission Portland Cement Paste and ConcreteCement Paste and Concrete
• Developed pozzolanic “nano-clay” systems that are more cost effective than silica fume systems
• Allows significant replacement of cement in concrete (up to 40 percent) –Cement manufacturing is energy intensive and produces up to 8 percent of all C02 emission in e.g. the U.S.A.
• Developed ductile concrete with very low shrinkage properties
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 .000 0 .002 0 .004 0 .006 0 .008 0 .010 0 .012 0 .014 0 .016
S tra in
U n m o d ified C o n cre te
M o d ifica tio n I
M o d ifica tio n II
Nanomodified Cement PasteTensile Stress-Strain Response
Nanomodified ConcreteCompressive Stress-Strain Response
Greatly Improved Durability for Greatly Improved Durability for Longer LifeLonger Life
• Superior interface transition zone properties• Low permeability High durability
Normal Concrete Nanomodified Concrete
•10
• Need for environment protection• Variety of Warm Asphalt Mixtures
General techniques
•11
Additives and techniques
• Bitumen foaming techniques• Paraffinic and wax additives • Emulsion based techniques• Low-viscosity vegetable based binders• Chemical additives
•12
Beginnings of Warm Asphalt Mixtures
• Shell + Kollo Veidekke, Norway: WAM-Foam, 1997
• Next– SASOL, Germany: Sasobit– EUROVIA, Europe: Zeolite, 2001
•13
Examples of Foaming techniques
• Initiation of bitumen foaming process– WAM-Foam® 130°C – Aspha-min® (Zeolite) 130°C– LEAB® (the Netherlands)– LT-Asfalt® 90°C (The Netherlands)– LEA® - Low Energy Asphalt 90°C
(France)
•- 14 -
•15
•16
•Bitumen at
• 180°C•BituFoam®
BituFoam® Nynas
•17
•Water foam volume
•increase by 22%
Sasobit® - What is it?
• A high molecular mass synthetic aliphatic hydrocarbon
• Fischer-Tropsch synthesis from coal or natural gas
• High melting - congealing point min. 99°C, melting range 70-115°C
• Hard• Low viscosity
•18
•19•Hilde Soenen, Nynas
•20
•21
Emissions measurements
• Reduction of the emissions into the atmosphere– NO2 - 18%– SO2 - 18%– CO2 - 23%– VOC - 19%
• Reduction of energy use– Diesel - 23% (1 l/t)
•22
Advantages WAM (1)
• Lower mixing temperature• Lower energy consumption (lower fuel
consumption 1÷2 liters/tonne)• Reduction of energy costs of 10-30%• Reduction of green house gasses• Minimize fumes, emissions, and odours• Reduction of workers exposure to fumes
at the plant and paving site• Lower laying temperature
•23
Advantages WAM (2)
• Reduction of hinder to neighbours near work sites
• Cooler working conditions• Less hardening of the binder• Potential for longer haul distances and
still have workability• Positive effect on compaction / higher
compaction degree
•24
Advantages WAM (3)
• Pave in cool weather and still obtain density / extension of paving season
• Permit higher RAP content without excessive emissions or poor workability
• Lower compaction temperature or an extended time for compaction
• Lowering dust rejection • Facilitate deep patches • Earlier opening of road for traffic
•25
Questions?
• Aging• Durability• Water in pavement in foaming
techniques• Water in aggregate in all WAM
techniques – emulsification of bitumen
•26
•27
Thank you for your attention