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Progress of PM in India:Progress of PM in India:High Growth of PMI and
Breaking of Cultural Barriers
Saji Madapat MBA,CSSMBB,PMP“TEAM India” representative
PMI Component Mentor, Asia (Region 9)
Presented to Presented to PMIWDC ChapterPMIWDC Chapter
Chapter to Chapter Speaker Exchange ProgramChapter to Chapter Speaker Exchange ProgramJune 19, 2007, Washington, DCJune 19, 2007, Washington, DC
Setting the Context – Behind the scenes
Asia, PMI’s fastest* region – two fifth of Humanity
TEAM India - PMI’s fastest* 7 Chapters
Several leadership meetings to set the PMIWDC-TEAM India CtoC stage
TEAM India’s turn to share with PMIWDC, the largest chapter of PMI
Two PMIWDC delegations in India
*Based on 2003-2005 PMP & Membership Growth
Snapshot of IndiaGlobal Reach of Projects – USA as India’s strategic partnerTransformation in TEAM India PerspectiveBreaking Cultural Barriers the PMBOK® way- INDO-US Perspective
Presentation Overview
Snapshot of India
India is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grandmother of tradition.Our most valuable and most instructive materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only.
-Mark Twain
Over 5000 Year Old History….
Indus Valley civilization (3300 BC) Nalanda, the world’s first University (700 BC) Taj Mahal built in 1648 AD In 1001, 33% of the world’s trade Richest country in the world till 17th century
India has a rich heritage of culture and
inventions
“We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made”
Albert Einstein
21st Century – Unity in Diversity
60 year old Parliamentary & largest democracy
28 States & 7 union territories
22 Official & ~1600 minor languages
By 2010 the largest English speakers in the world -Prof. David Crystal, Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language
80 / 117 SEI CMM 5 are Indian companies
Economy - bankruptcy (1991) to boom
India is the most Pro-American country– The Pew Global Attitude Survey
Global Reach of Projects – USA as India’s strategic partner
"India is a global leader, as well as a good friend. ... My trip will remind everybody about the strengthening of an important strategic partnership. We'll work together in practical ways to promote a hopeful future for citizens in both our nations."
-President George W. Bush, February 22, 2006
Perspective: The Economist
Source: http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_SRSRDRS
USA – India’s Strategic Partner in Projects
Source: Business Week
Huge Untapped Potential
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Manufacturing Mining Electricity &Non Conv.
Energy
Services &Utilities
Irrigation
Nearly 15,000 Projects from various sectors and 400 Billion USD Investments as of December 2005(Note: excludes defense and Software Projects)Source: Projects Today
In Oct-Dec 04, Of 646 projects monitored, 258 got delayed, time over-run up to 21 years, the cost
over-run ~ 40.42%. - The stat. and program implementation ministry
Infrastructure Investment – Rejuvenation
India is shaking its Champaign bottle for over 50 years and let us make sure that we position ourselves correctly to celebrate - not on the path of that cork.
- Tom Friedman
India’s Transformation – the TEAM India Perspective
TEAM India with PMI BOD, CEO & Key ExecutivesAt the India Strategy Planning Session (Bangkok 2006)
PMI Chapters in India
Potential for chapters in most cities in India
Pearl City Chapter
North India Chapter
Chennai Chapter
Bangalore Chapter
Trivandrum Chapter
Mumbai Chapter
Pune Chapter
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
300%
350%
2005 PMP 2005 Membership 2004 Membership
PMI Global vs. Indian Growth
GLOBALINDIA
Almost ZERO to over 11,111 PMP’s in short time
Tip of the Iceberg - Growth Potential for PMI~250 million new workers (15mil/yr) between 2003 & 2020
~380 universities and 1,500 research institutionsWorld’s 2nd highest pool of skilled workforce
Source: Deutsche Bank Research – India Special, May 19, 2005
"Thinking should become your capital asset, no matter whatever ups and downs you come across
in your life." - Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, President of India
Dilapidated infrastructure, Vast Slums, Poor Governance… 47% of Indian children under five are malnourished. About 40 million children are not in school. About half of the world's hungry live in India. 25% of population lives on less than a $1/day. Largest HIV population in the world.
(Sources: UNDP, Unicef, World Food Program; Edward Luce)
Govt.& Governance is a not rosy -Rural Education, Electricity, Infrastructure
Not everything is Roses in India….
vs. a booming Entrepreneurial PVT. Sector― MTNL land lines Vs. cell phone technology.
GOAL FOR INDIA By 2020, India joins the ranks of
most developed Nations
Strategic MapsAcademia, Industry,
Government
Leveraging PMI . . . to Transform India
INDIA TRANSFORMED
Projects
Projects
Projects
CHANGCHANGE E
AGENTAGENT
PMI VISIONOrganizations worldwide will embrace, value, and utilize project management and attribute their success to it
TEAM India’s vision - Adaptation of VISION 2020 of Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam
Winner Of 2006 PMI Community Advancement Through Project Management
Building bridges
In addition to PMIWDC we are also collaborating with several chapters, SIG’s, Regions and like-minded organizations around the world.
TEAM India with Father of PMI (James Snyder) on PMI Educational Foundation Collaboration
Corporate Social Responsibility in India - PMI Network June 08 Cover Page article
Breaking Cultural Barriers the PMBOK® way
- INDO-US Perspective
"We must become the change we want to see." -Bapuji (Mahatma Gandhi)
Theme“Virtually all projects are planned and
implemented in a social, economic, and environmental context…….
The project team should consider the project in its cultural, social, international, political, and physical environmental contexts.”
- PMBOK® Guide, 3rd Edition (Section 1.5.3)
Breaking Cultural Barriers – the PMBOK® way– Project Scope Management– Project Integration Management– Human Resources Management– Project Communication Management– Project Time Management – Project Cost Management – Project Risk Management– Project Quality & Procurement Management
Project Scope Management- Global Reach of Projects
Scope change - single location to global Why Multi Location? Because we can… & We
have to…– Business needs & organizational change– Technology allows it– Avoids resource relocation, travel– Employee needs – Solving complex problems – Savings: A way of earnings
Global Scope Challenges Fear of the unknown Different models Internal people issues Remote resources Different cultures Various contract types How and what to manage How and what to measure
The single largest barrier - challenge of managing internal organizational change.
India – Strategic LocationRISK-AVERSE
RISK ACCEPTING
DATA-ORIENTED DIALOG-ORIENTED
United States
Germany
FranceMexico
Jamaica
India
Japan
ChinaUAE
Analyze Discuss(extent depends on risk attitude)
Project Integration Management – Cultural Diversity Perspective
High- and Low-Context Cultures
Source: “How Cultures Collide.” Psychology Today, July 1976
Individual
Direct
Egalitarian
Task
Data
Risk Tolerant
= U.S. Average
Dimensions of Cultural Difference
= Indian Average
Group
Indirect
Hierarchical
Relationship
Dialogue
Risk Averse
Project Human Resource Management
– Induction tools – Local labor laws– Prepare for & accept diversity in race,
religion, region and accent– Formulate background check processes– Formal training for onsite managers
Diversity - an Advantage
Source: International Business, A Managerial Perspective, 1998
Project Communication Management– Communication Plan – Global communication solution – Track, report & plan for outages – Time zones
“Lost in Translation”– Use simple terms and words– Speak slowly and clearly– When in doubt, ASK– Use “backtranslation”
Cultural Paradigms to Communication
Silence indicates approval or dissent?
Sssh!!
Nodding indicates
agreement or confusion?
Eye contact:Eye contact: Some cultures don’t make eye contact either out of shyness or out of respect
Bowing indicates respect or servility?
Project Time Management– Identify various locations (India - GMT+5) – Identify & use - specific date/time format – Maintain list of holidays & work hours– Daylight saving time into account– Time difference can be an advantage– Scheduling:
•Different working hours •Time based scheduling•Team assignments & •Workgroups functions
Source: http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/”
Integration & Scope
Resources, Duration, & Cost
Quality & Risk
HR & Communicat
ion
IndiaIndia
USAUSA
Integration & Scope
Resources, Duration, & Cost
Quality & Risk
HR & Communicati
on
Balance: PM Time Allocation
Project Cost Management
– Base currency – Conversion tools / applications– Location specific Tax / Duty structure – Account for handling currency fluctuation – Shift based on change in cost advantage– Consider cost of communication link
risk-averse
risk-happy
data-oriented dialog-oriented
United States
Germany
FranceMexico
Jamaica
India
Japan
ChinaUAE
Estimating Project Time and Costs
Project Risk Management
–Political uncertainty (wars / strikes)–Environmental (flood / weather) –Email / network / data link outages –Cost - currency Fluctuations–Information security–Resources - skills, qualification–Specifications – Metric vs. English–Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery
Project Quality Management & Procurement Management Partner with like-minded– ISO 9000, SEI-CMM, Six Sigma etc.– Good in repeatable process
Specify in your scope / quality Plan – Engineering / process standards– Tolerances & acceptance criteria
Utilize knowledge management portals– Transition, induction and reverse knowledge
Transfer
Summary India is the fastest growing* country of PMI–
still tip of the iceberg in its potential PMI’s vision is the catalyst for achieving
India’s 2020 Vision USA is India’s strategic partner Not thinking of globalization of the projects is
not an option Not breaking cultural barriers is also not an
option PMIWDC – TEAM India CtoC relationship is just
the beginning*Based on 2003-2005 PMP & Membership Growth
AcknowledgmentThe following group and individuals have played key
roles in making today’s PM Tools possible:
Mike O’Brochta, PMP, Chairman, Chapter to Chapter Program, PMIWDC
Paul Mahata, Ph.D., India Lead, Chapter to Chapter Program, PMIWDC
Chris Fristad, PMP, Past President of PMIWDC, and Speaker to India
Andrew Anderson, Past President of PMIWDC, Initiator of India Speaker Exchange Program
Ron Taylor, PMP, President of PMIWDC, for showing strong leadership
TEAM INDIA leadership of 7 chapters & its Chairman, Mr. Vijay
Back up slides
Some Statistics of Current India
Parameters Value Land Area Sq. Km. (in '000) 3288GDP USD $ (in Billion) 645Population (in Billion) 1.07GDP Per Capita US$/Yr 600Imports US $ (in Billion) 85Exports US $ (in Billion) 75Life Expectancy (in Years) 63Literacy % of Population 60%
Telephone Lines (Land/Mobile) (in Million) 98
Roads Km. (in '000) 1577Work Force (in Million) 472
Cultural DifferencesIndividual Differences, Culture, and Business Behavior
Multi Location Projects: USA vs. India
US IndiaCurrency Dollar RupeeElectricity 110 V 220 VSwitch Up (for ON) Down (for ON)Drive Left Hand Right HandLiquid Measurement Unit Gallon / Qt / Pt LiterWeight Measurement Unit Pounds / Oz Kilograms / GramsHeight Measure Feet / Inches CentimetersDistance Measure Miles Kilometers# TimeZones / Daylight Saving 6 / Yes 1 / NoMedical System Insurance / HMO Private & Public
Hospitals & Medical Insurance
Political System Presidential Parliamentary w/President
Judicial System Judges Elected, Jury System
Judges Selected / Appointed + No
Jury
Nearly 15,000 Projects from various sectors and 400 Billion USD Investments as of December 2005 (Note: excludes defense and Software Projects)Source: Projects Today
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Man
ufac
turin
g
Min
ing
Ele
ctric
ity &
Non
Con
v.E
nerg
y
Ser
vice
s &
Util
ities
Irrig
atio
n
Series1
Global IT-ITES Services Market by- 2008$ 1.8 Trillion
460.924%
25914%510.4
27%
682.535%
Hardware Software Products IT Services ITES-BPO
Source:Projects Today - 2005
NASSCOM NASSCOM ProjectionProjection$60 Billion by 2010$60 Billion by 2010
Industry-wise Industry-wise Number of ProjectsNumber of Projects
Most of this revenue Most of this revenue will be generated will be generated
from Projects from Projects execution execution
Source:NASSCOMStrategic Review 2005
SWOT Analysis in the India ContextStrengths Weakness
Exponential growth of PMI Membership & Certification Reputation and Acceptance of PMI Availability of World Class Standards PMI Chapters/Components at Prominent Cities in India “C” level and other key decision makers are part of
Indian PMI chapters Gyan Lahari & PMiCon Events Adoption of PMBOK in IT Industry Government advocacy on Certified Project Managers Many Indian Members participation in OPM3, OPM3SE,
PPMS, PMCD, PMBOK update editions World’s second highest pool of skilled workforce in
India – a best environment for PMI
Need for strategic thinking/Governance structure from PMI for India
Not much awareness on PM Standards in Government and Non IT Industry
PMI Membership and PMP Certification fees is not affordable in India
No statistical evidence of facts on situation of Project Management in India
Need for cultural awareness from PMI No PMI Leadership investments in India - like Leadership Masters
class graduates from India
Threats Opportunities Heavy Attrition of Members due to non affordable PMI
Membership fees No correlation between PMP certification and results No focus on Indianization of PM Standards might
cause low acceptance of PMI standards (e.g. Government)
India is the happening place and is the outsourcing hub Billions of Investments for Infrastructure, Construction,
Automotive and Defense & Government projects Government focus on Professional Project Management
Practices IPMA Members Interest to migrate to PMP PMI Components Potential in Tier 2 Cities Center for Leadership Excellence, India – Initiatives PMI APAC Global Congress, 2009 PMI Education grants for programs like SLCB Over 125 Fortune 500 firms now have R&D bases in India
Projects Investments in INDIA
89
18
136
184
36
020406080
100120140160180200
Man
ufac
turin
g
Min
ing
Ele
ctric
ity &
Non
Con
v.E
nerg
y
Ser
vice
s &
Util
ities
Irrig
atio
n
Series1
40%
29%
19%
8%4%
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%
Ser
vice
s &
Util
ities
Ele
ctric
ity &
Non
Con
v.E
nerg
y
Man
ufac
turin
g
Irrig
atio
n
Min
ing
Series1
Industry-wise % of Industry-wise % of Project InvestmentsProject Investments
Industry-wise Industry-wise Project Investments in Project Investments in
Billion DollarsBillion DollarsSource:Projects Today - 2005
Source:Projects Today - 2005
Global IT-ITES Services Market by- 2008$ 1.8 Trillion
460.924%
25914%510.4
27%
682.535%
Hardware Software Products IT Services ITES-BPO
NASSCOM NASSCOM ProjectionProjection$60 Billion by 2010$60 Billion by 2010
Most of this revenue Most of this revenue will be generated will be generated
from Projects from Projects execution execution
Source: NASSCOM Strategic Review 2005
