Group Members

M. Zakaullah Khan 47

Naveed Anwar 25

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

What is Organizational Culture?Organizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the

organization from other organizations.

Primary Characteristics Innovation and Risk Taking Attention to Detail Outcome Orientation People Orientation Team Orientation Aggressiveness Stability

Culture is A Descriptive Term

Do Organizations Have Uniform Culture?

Strong Versus Weak Culture

Culture Versus Formalization

High Formalization creates predictability, orderliness, and consistency whereas a Strong Culture achieves the same end without the need for written documentation.

What Organizations Do?

Culture’s FunctionsCulture Create ClimateCulture as Liability

Culture Functions It creates distinction between organizations

and others. It conveys a sense of Identity for the

organization members. It facilitates commitment to something

larger than individual self-interest. It enhances the stability of the social

system. It control mechanism that guides and

shapes employees’ attitudes and behavior

Culture Create Climate It refers to the shared perceptions

organizational members have about their organization and work environment.

Culture as Liability Institutionalization

A condition that occurs when an organization takes on a life of its own, apart from any of its members, and acquires immortality.

Barriers to ChangeCulture is a liability when the shared values don’t agree with those that further the organization’s effectiveness.

Barriers to DiversityHiring new employees who differ from the majority in race, age, gender, disability, or other characteristics creates a paradox.

Barriers to Acquisitions and MergersAt acquisition or merger decisions, the key factors were financial advantage and product synergy

Creating and Sustaining Culture

1) How a Culture Begins?2) Keeping a Culture Alive3) How Cultures Form?

How a Culture Begins? Founders hire and keep only employees who

think and feel the same way they do.

They indoctrinate and socialize these employees to their way of thinking and feeling.

The founders’ own behavior encourages employees to identify with them and internalize their beliefs, values, and assumptions.

Keeping a Culture Alive Selection

Top Management

Socialization

How Culture’s Forms

How Employees Learn Culture

Stories Rituals Material Symbols Language