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Scientific Investigations
Scientists conduct investigations for different reasons. All investigations require a 1. question, careful 2.observations and 3.data collection.
There are two major types of data:
QuaLitative and QuaNtitative
QuaLitative Data:Data which uses descriptive
words(notice the L for letters!)
Describing data is gathered with the appropriate five senses:
• 1. Sight• 2. Hear• 3. Smell• 4. Taste• 5. Touch
QuaNtitative Data:
Data which uses numbers from measurements
(notice the N for numbers!)
Once data is gathered, scientists thoroughly study the data to identify patterns which may lead to answering the original question.
There are different types of investigations
that scientists may perform.
Descriptive Investigations…
*Gathers data which measures or *describes objects or events
Descriptive Investigations…
Collect: quaLitative and/or
quaNtitativedata
Descriptive Investigations…
Includes:1. question or 2.problem, but…..
Descriptive Investigations…
DO Does NOT have 1. hypothesis.
2.independent variables or 3.dependent variables.
Comparative Investigations…
Collect data on different organisms, orbects or events or under different conditions
Comparative Investigations…
*Gathers data on different organisms, objects or events or under different conditions.
Comparative Investigations…
Can *compares two or more objects or events.
Comparative Investigations…Can *describe quantitatively and qualitatively by finding the similarities and differences between organisms, objects or events
Comparative Investigations…
Collects: 1.quaLitative observations by getting measurements 2.quaNtitative observations by measuring the temperature, time , location, etc.
Comparative Investigations…
Includes: 1.question and 2.hypothesis.
Comparative Investigations…
Have a 1.hypothesis , 2.dependent variable and 3.independent variable
Experimental Investigations…*Gathers data to test a single manipulated variable*Describes quantitatively and qualitatively
Experimental Investigations…
*Compares any changes in the dependent variable to a control.
Experimental Investigations…
Collects: 1. quaLitative and 2.quaNtitative data to test the manipulating
Variable.
Experimental Investigations…
Iincludes: a 1.question and a 2.hypothesis Party List:ProblemVariableGraph
As well as includes a 3.control and a 4.constant.
These are two different things.
Experimental Investigations…
Have a 1.hypothesis and both an 2.independent variables and 3.dependent variables and a 4.control.
Control Miracle Grow Scotts
Control:
A control is an exact setup of the experiment you are performing. Everything is identical except for the variable that you are testing.
Water + NaCl Water + KCl Water + PCl₅
Water
Constant: Factor(s) that is(are) kept
the same in all trials of an investigation.For Example:
* The height a paper helicopter is dropped.
* The size of what is considered to be a “drop” of liquid.
* How hard you throw the ball.
The Independent (manipulated) Variable:
Something you may change during an experiment to determine its
affect. I decide what I will test.
Notice the I in Independent!
The Dependent (responding) Variable:
This is the variable you want to study to see if it is affected by the independent variable. The affects (results)
depend on the independent variable. Notice
the D in Dependent!
Let’s pull it all together…
Using your notes,Fill in the data
table.
R Statement Descriptive Comparative Experimental
Has independent variables
x x
Has dependent variables
x x
Has a control xUses quaNtitative data
x x x
Uses quaLitative data
x x x
Compares changes
x x
Describes objects or events
x x x