full assignment answer for BIS

BB102 Business Information SystemsSep - Oct 2012

UPS COMPETES GLOBALLY WITH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Q1.

Inputs, processing, and outputs are the three activities for the UPS’s package tracking system.

The inputs include package information, customer signature, pickup, delivery, time-card data,

current location, and billing and customer clearance documentation.

Processing is transmitting the data to a central computer and stored for retrieval. Data are also

reorganized so that they can be tracked by customer account, date, driver, and other criteria.

The outputs include pickup and delivery times, location while en route, and package

recipient. The outputs also include various reports, such as all packages for a specific account

or a specific driver or route, as well as summary reports for management. (UPS Assignment,

2011)

Q2.

The three dimensions of UPS tracking system are organizational, management and

technology. In the organizational dimension contains procedures for tracking packages and

managing inventory as well as providing package reports and information for UPS customers

and customer service representatives. UPS drivers are trained to use the package tracking

system in order to work efficiently and effectively. (Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon,

2002)

Besides that, in the management dimension is where the management monitors service levels

and costs. The management is also responsible to expand the product and services while

ensuring low cost. With that, the management uses automation to increase the ease of sending

a package via UPS and of checking its delivery status. Through this, UPS will increase its

sales revenues as well as to reduce its delivery cost. (Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon,

2002)

The technology dimension contains handheld computers, DIAD, bar-code scanners, wired

and wireless communications networks, desktop computers, UPS’s central computer, storage

technology for the package delivery data, UPS in-house package tracking software, and

software to access the World Wide Web. (Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon, 2002)

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Q3.

UPS uses handheld computers (DIAD), scanning system, wireless network, large mainframe

computers, the internet and many other different pieces of software such as tracking

packages, calculating the fees of the package, maintaining the customer accounts and

managing logistics. (UPS Assignment, 2011)

These technologies had helped UPS to maintain its competitive advantage with FedEx and

Airborne Express. UPS aims to maintain a high level of customer service while keeping cost

low. Besides that, the technology used by UPS had helped the company to increase their

work efficiency as well as profitably thus increases its operational excellence. These

technologies in the long run will bring the company higher revenue.

Q4.

In terms of the company, UPS’s package tracking systems provide value by reducing the

amount of paper work. With the introduction of the Delivery Information Acquisition Device

(DIAD), the company can now capture customer’s signatures along with pickup and delivery

information through the handheld device. This has tremendously reduced the amount of paper

work to be process and the amount of paper to be provided.

UPS’s package tracking systems also save fuel cost. The dispatchers download the label data

and use special software to create the most efficient delivery route for each driver considering

traffic, weather conditions and location of each stop. With that, the driver only needs to pick

up the handheld device, DIAD and his or her route is provided as soon as the driver logs on.

Besides that, the company is able to monitor the delivery cycle of the packages with the help

of the tracking system. This is another value that the system provides. UPS will be able to

monitor and re-route the packages throughout the delivery process. In addition, the company

is now able to answer customers’ inquiries in a much simpler manner. The customer service

representative is able to track the position and status of the package sender and to reply to

customer inquiry.

In the aspect of customers, the system has a web portal which is able to reduce the cost of the

company, allowing the fee to be cheaper. Another value that the system brings is customers

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are able to track their goods and calculate the cost of the deliveries. UPS website provides

customer with information and services regarding their inquiry and package shipping

including delivery routes, shipping rates, determine time in transit, print label, schedule a

pickup and track packages. With this, customers are able to determine the delivery route and

thereby able to calculate the shipping cost.

Q5.

Routing problem is one of the problems that the UPS’s information systems solve. With the

help of the system, UPS is now able to create the most efficient delivery route that helps

driver to overcome unavoidable circumstances such as traffic congestions. Another problem

that the information systems solve is keeping the level of services high yet brings the cost and

prices down to compete with other competitors. Other than that, UPS’s information systems

solve the problem of bad delivery and billing information. Customers are able to track the

movement of the packages from just accessing the company websites.

Q6.

Without the UPS’s information systems, UPS will not be able to compete efficiently and

productively with other competitors and it will not become the largest package delivery

company as what it is today. (UPS Assignment, 2011) In the case of technology, UPS will

not be able to track the movement of the goods and will only able to provide information at a

higher cost.

Reference

UPS Assignment. (2011, February). Retrieved from Studymode:

http://www.studymode.com/essays/Ups-Assignment-596382.html

Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon. (2002). Management Information Systems : Managing

The Digital Firm. Prentice-Hall International, Inc.

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ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS MOVE TO THE CLOUD

Q1.

Types of companies that are most likely to adopt cloud-based ERP and CRM software

services are small to midsize companies that lack the knowledge about ERP and CRM.

Companies that are struggling with lots of data, using too many systems to perform business

functions and would like to cut cost are also companies that are most likely to adopt cloud-

based ERP and CRM software services.

These companies adopt cloud-based ERP and CRM software services because they want to

achieve operational excellence and customer intimacy. Besides that, it releases the companies

from infrastructural maintenance and its respective fixed (servers, storage, networking

components) and operational cost. Operational ubiquity is also one of the reasons the

companies would want to adopt cloud-based ERP and CRM software services. Moreover, it

allows them to subscribe and cancel the subscription without losing large up-front software

licenses and hardware investments.

Companies that might not be well-suited for this type of software are companies that are

concern about security issues. In addition, companies that are concern about control of their

data are also not well-suited for this software. Moreover, large companies that had made huge

investments on traditional and customized software that already work will also not be well-

suited for this software.

Q2.

One of the advantages of using cloud-based enterprise applications is availability. The

services are accessible irrespective of anything given that there is internet connection.

Another advantage is it is environmental friendly. Users who uses cloud-based enterprise

applications gets to reduce electricity expenses. Through saving electricity, the users also

save on resources to cool off computer and its component. Besides that, it has higher security.

Clouds tend to be more secure than traditional business models because clouds offer real-time

backup which results in less data loss. Moreover, it is easy to expand and uses less resources.

Users can immediately access more resources if they need to expand their business. They do

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not need to buy extra infrastructure but only need to inform their cloud provider about their

requirements.

Other advantages are it removes hardware and its complications, easier maintenance of cloud

computing application, reduce operational costs, maintenance and licensing per users,

increase operational efficiency, maintain customer service by enabling rapid response to

customer requests for information and virtualization technology allows server and storage

devices to be shared and utilization be increased.

One of the disadvantages of using cloud-based enterprise applications is internet access. This

is because it depends on an internet network to access its data but not all countries provide

cheap or reliable internet connection. Besides that, users will experience loss of control in

Cloud Service Providers. Users will have lack of control over data, system performance and

the ability to audit or change. Other disadvantages includes decreased flexibility,

Q3.

Management issue that should be addressed in deciding whether to use a conventional ERP or

CRM versus a cloud-based version is service level agreements (SLAs). There is a lack of

service level agreements concerning ERP and CRM cloud-based solutions and of method to

ease their respective certification. Besides that, risk assessment is also another issue. Risk

assessment is only done by large companies. It is hard to assess the risk when company does

not own the infrastructure that supports the ERP and CRM system. Dependability is another

management issues that should be addressed in deciding whether to use a conventional ERP

or CRM versus a cloud-based version. Companies using cloud-based CRM and ERP solution

might become dependent of their providers since they do not store data and might not be able

to easily export to another system if required. (AllBestEssays, 2011)

In the organization dimension, issue that should be addressed is human resource optimization.

While traditional ERP and CRM solutions demand for technical staff, cloud-based solutions

allow optimizing human resource to focus on operation. Another issue is difficult to

understand for ill-trained users attempting to contain a large, complex group of data.

Therefore the issue of training to use the system should be addressed. Moreover, poor

usability is also another issue. Poor usability and low usage rates lead many companies to

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indicate that it was difficult to justify investment in the software without the potential for

more tangible gains. (AllBestEssays, 2011)

Technology issue that should be addressed in deciding whether to use a conventional ERP or

CRM versus a cloud-based version is security. Using the web as infrastructure, cloud-based

ERP and CRM solutions have difficulties in offering security, comfort to companies that own

sensible data. Besides that, availability is also another issue that should be addressed. Due to

its web-failure tolerance model, cloud-based ERP and CRM solution suffers from availability

since that might cause business operation failures. (AllBestEssays, 2011)

Reference

AllBestEssays. (2011, December 11). Inteligencia Emocional. Retrieved from AllBestEssays:

http://allbestessays.com/Business/Inteligencia-Emocional/15777.html

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FACEBOOK: MANAGING YOUR PRIVACY FOR THEIR PROFIT

Q1.

The concept that is illustrated in this case is e-commerce. E-commerce refers to the use of the

Internet and the Web to transact business. In this case, Facebook is a website for users to

create a profile and join various types of self-contained networks without paying any money.

But base on its huge number of users, it offers opportunity for companies to do advertisement

on the site. Facebook on the other end uses its resource of user information to make profit.

The sellers can reach their target customers when they pay for the information and Facebook

increase its revenues by providing its user’s information.

One of the unique features of e-commerce is that it is ubiquity. This means that internet or

web technology is available everywhere and anytime. Facebook can be access anywhere and

anytime regardless whether the person is at home or at work as long as there is internet

connection. Another unique feature of e-commerce is it enables global reach. Facebook

allows users to connect with people from different backgrounds, culture, beliefs and even

from different nations. Universal standard is also one of e-commerce unique features. With

the implementation of the universal standard, users of Facebook can now communicate with

each other easily. Besides that, richness is another unique feature. Richness is the complexity

and content of message. (Laudon, K.C., & Laudon, J.P., 2010)Facebook is able to support

videos, audio and text messages. As a result, users may convey a richer message with videos,

audio and text message to large number of people.

Moreover, it enables interactivity. Interactivity is how e-commerce allows for two way

communication. (Laudon, K.C., & Laudon, J.P., 2010) Users of Facebook may communicate

to their friends and colleague about their personal thing and also business. Furthermore,

information density is also one of the unique features of e-commerce. Information density is

the total amount and quality of the information available to all market participants, consumers

and merchant. (Laudon, K.C., & Laudon, J.P., 2010) Facebook is able to support large

information density and this had increases the quality of information. Another feature is

personalization. The Facebook technology had permit users to modify their message and to

customize their profile. In addition, Facebook is a social technology. It promotes user content

generation and social networking.

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Q2.

The weaknesses of Facebook’s privacy policies and features started with the introduction of

Beacon. Beacon was a program that shared user’s purchase information with their friends

automatically because it was initially an opt-out program. Because of this, it shared

information which the users did not intent or agree.

Mishandling of News Feed is another weakness of Facebook’s privacy policies and features.

News Feed is a program that was abruptly introduced to the Facebook users that shares

actions with everyone on the Facebook Web. Users update of their profile, adding new

friends and adding applications were automatically appeared on user’s wall without the

options of invisible.

Another weakness is the inefficient methods of deleting an account. The account that the user

no longer wanted to use was impossible to delete. Facebook kept copies even though users

had removed their profiles.

In the management dimension, the factor that has contributed to the weakness is Facebook

assumed it had the consent of users to share information about them that it collected through

the Beacon advertising service if they did not use the opt-out feature. Facebook changed

Beacon to be an opt-in service and gave users the ability to disable it completely. The

company utterly failed to grasp the extent to which the service violated its users’ privacy as

well as the uproar such a service was likely to cause.

In the organization dimension, the factor that has contributed to the weakness is because the

original goal of the company is to gain profit and the profit of Facebook is from the pertinent

ads, which need to collect the user’s personal information. The personal information collected

on the site represents a mother load to advertisers, but one that will remain largely untapped

if Facebook users do not feel comfortable enough or have sufficient incentive to share it.

In the technology dimension, the factor that has contributed to the weakness is privacy and

user controls over the information granted to Facebook. Facebook grossly miscalculated user

privacy demands when it launched the company’s Beacon advertising service because it

shared information about users that they had not explicitly intended or agreed to shared. The

company’s servers also maintain copies of information indefinitely in accounts that have been

deactivated. The data mining technology also contributes to the weakness of the policy.

Without the data mining technology, we cannot obtain the useful information in the vast

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amount of data and if it could recognize the user’s information and match the ads need

automatically, the weakness of the policy will decline.

Q3.

One of the options that Facebook managers have in balancing privacy and profitability is

providing an environment that becomes richer and more entertaining as the amount of

information shared increases. Another option is to remove Beacon advertising service. With

the released of Beacon, it had helped people share information with their friends about things

they do on the web. The problem with this is, Beacon will share the information even if the

users did not intent or agree with. Besides that, Facebook managers should allow users to

either deactivate their account or to delete their account entirely and only saves information

after deactivation. Moreover, the managers must ensure that the new policy that the users had

previously set their privacy to be “friends only” for photo and profile information must not be

exposed.

To better safeguard user privacy, Facebook have to abandon a port of profit. They have to

improve the safeguard work but decline the profit. For example, creating a new feature that

gives users more control over how they share personal information on the site with other

users but without disclosing the confidential of themselves.

Facebook may well be struggling in its search for a profitable business model, but the

company has made an impact on multiple levels of the marketing chain. As the real-time web

service gains steam, more entities from big-time corporations to grassroots-level non-profits

are starting to benefit from its enormous reach. Most people are not particularly interested in

reading what others had for breakfast but Facebook's reputation as yet another social media

site with real-time news is gradually evolving toward one as a valuable source of information

across the media horizon.

Q4.

To some extent, we anticipate that Facebook will be successful in developing a business

model that monetizes their site traffic. This is because Facebook do provide a well-performed

and totally free platform for people share information from all over the world, although some

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critical comments on the privacy problem for some public people, however, now the business

network profile of (at least) the sellers should be integrated with the marketplace with the

users accepting that Facebook can use their data for security reasons (e.g. to eliminate users

with fake profiles from the start) while having them also add more data to be able to act as a

seller (more key data within Facebook).

This wealth of data enables Facebook to have a sufficiently lower fraud rate and even better

fitting custom offerings for every single user than e.g. Ebay, huge competitive advantages.

Special promotions for goods on Facebook will also make it easier for many users to accept

letting Facebook use their existing data strictly for security reasons.

Thus, it’s unworried about the profitability depends on their site.

Reference

Howard, J. E. (2011, January 30). Facebook: A Case Study. Retrieved from ALLVOICES:

http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/8044201-facebook-a-case-study

Laudon, K.C., & Laudon, J.P. (2010). Management information systems: Managing the

digital firm. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Rahmatian, M. (2011, May 2). The Future Business Model of Facebook. Retrieved from

Ezine Articles: http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Future-Business-Model-of-

Facebook&id=6341454

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TOO MUCH TECHNOLOGY

Q1.

The usage of digital media brings many positives impact. The Internet is a source for

obtaining and sharing all kinds of information, with online resources that help organize

knowledge and making that knowledge accessible to the world. Besides that, supporters of

digital media believe that the Internet will increase publishing capability and collaboration as

well as the ability to share information to various users making a huge success for society as

a whole.

However, the use of digital media also carries many negative impacts. One of which is that

there will be a handful of negative points and critics against the widespread usage and

reliance on digital media. In addition, digital technologies are damaging our ability to think

clearly and focus, as users develop and inevitable desire to multitask, doing several things at

once. Moreover, the technologies also make us to be easily distracted and detract from our

ability to think deeply and retain information. The quality of media is also affected and is

lowered because of the creation of media such as written blogs, photos and videos by millions

of people. Because of this, the information is now delivered inconsistently and

unprofessionally through these resources.

Q2.

Constant digital media usage might affect the brains ability to think clearly. It also decreases

our capability to pay attention and focus. Technologies such as television, Internet and video

games detract from our ability to think deeply and critically and retain information. For

example, the Internet offers constant distractions and disruptions, as in hyperlinks to other

sites and being able to switch rapidly between multiple windows that prevent our brains from

creating the neural connections that constitute full understanding of a topic. Besides, our

capacity to multitask also reduces. Although all these gadgets make knowledge more

accessible to the world, there may be vast amount of false and inconsistent information

provided. With all this information within our grasp, we can no longer think for ourselves or

develop new information. Moreover, the convenience of the digital media world had made us

so busy multitasking that it makes it impossible for us to actually retain information. Some of

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this digital media technology would have a greater negative impact on children as well since

their brains are still developing and they already struggle to set priorities and resists impulses.

Q3.

These arguments do not outweigh the positives of digital media usage because the

introduction to digital technologies had made information more accessible to all. It gives easy

access to connect the world. Since knowledge is easily attainable, the desire for learning has

increased and people especially children are becoming keener and more well-rounded. More

importantly, it solves an inextricable problem we cannot avoid. No matter who you are,

where you are from, you have a brain with limited storage as long as you are human-beings.

In the future, technology will continue to develop and become a greater asset to the world.

So, people should be optimistic of all the new developments in digital media.

Q4.

The additional concern is that children have developing brains and digital technologies may

contribute to the child’s struggles to set priorities and resist impulses. Children under the age

of 8 should not use cell phones. At such a young age, children shouldn’t have a reason to

carry around this kind of device especially since they should always be under the supervision

of their parents or other adults. Another reason is because the ability to communicate face-to-

face is very important. If they do not have enough practice now, they may lose confidence

and may get scared of speaking in public in the near future. Moreover, the radiation from the

computers and cell phones can affect children more because they experience brain evolution

which may absorb more radiation.

However, computer usage should be encouraged even at the age of 8 or younger. This is the

age at which children comprehend the world actively and during this time, a computer can

help with the development of certain skills. Psychologists, for example, state that work on a

computer develops concentration skills. (Parenting - Guidelines for Computer Use Involving

Children, 2012) So the knowledge presented through computers should be taught to

elementary school kids. There are programs and games for computers that are informative

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and help children learn and develop in ways that may be different than in school or from

parents.

On the other hand, computer usage may bring forth many negative effects. One of the

negative effects is lack of exercise. Children who spend a lot of time in front of screens can

be overweight due to less activity. (Monahan, 2011) Another negative effect is physical

complain. Too much time spent in front of a computer screen can cause eye, neck and back

strain in children. Additionally, inappropriate content is also one of the negative effects. It is

possible for your child to accidentally click on an inappropriate link to get the website of

which you wouldn’t approve. (Monahan, 2011) Therefore, parents have to monitor their

children computer usage.

Reference

Parenting - Guidelines for Computer Use Involving Children. (2012). Retrieved from

Woman Knows: http://www.womanknows.com/parenting/news/142/

Monahan, E. (2011, May 1). LIVESTRONG. Retrieved from Negative Effect Of Computers

On Young Children: http://www.livestrong.com/article/127152-negative-effects-

computers-young-children/?utm_source=undefined_R1&LS-2659

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A ROGUE TRADER AT SOCIETE GENERALE ROILS THE WORLD FINANCIAL

SYSTEM

Q1.

One of the concepts that are illustrated in this case is system vulnerability. System can be

vulnerable because of accessibility of networks, hardware problems such as breakdowns,

configuration errors and damage from improper use or crime, software problems such as

programming errors, installation errors and unauthorized changes, disasters, use of networks

or computer outside of firm’s control and loss and theft of portable devices. System

vulnerability can be linked to computer crime. Computer crime is using computers as

instruments of crime to defraud the bank, customers and other financial institutions. In

addition, internal threats from employees are also considered system vulnerability. Kerviel

has access to privileged information and he was able to run through the organization’s system

without leaving a trace.

Another concept illustrated is role of auditing. MIS audit examines the firm’s overall security

environment as well as controls governing individual information systems. Besides that,

security policy is also another concept illustrated in this case. Security policy determines

acceptable user’s information resources and which members of the company have access to

its information assts.

Moreover, risk assessment is also a concept that is illustrated. Risk assessment determines the

level of risk to the firm if a specific activity or process is not properly controlled.

Furthermore, information system controls is also the concept. General controls govern the

design, security and use of computer programs and the security of data files in general

throughout the organization’s information technology infrastructure. Application controls is

an automated and manual procedures that ensure that only authorized data are completely and

accurately processed by that application.

Q2.

Factors of management, Kerviel’s supervisors saw a balanced book however they did not

recognize the substantial risk exposed to the bank. This is because of the way Kerviel entered

the transaction. Kerviel worked late into night and took four vacation days over the course of

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2007, which prevent his activities from be detected. Managers did not enforce vacation

policies that would allowed them to scrutinize his work when he gone. Allegedly he used his

manager’s computer to execute several of his fraudulent trades while the manager watched

him. Kerviel's lawyers had argued that he acted the acquiescence of superiors during his

early success of fraudulent activity.

Factors of organization, Kerviel gained familiarity with many of the security of company is

procedures and back-office system. After that, he moved to another job and uses that

knowledge. He knew the system of SocGen’s internal control for which allowed him to false

his fake trades. The bank ignored many warning about the level of fraud he was capable of.

Last, the bank failed to follow all the warning about Kerviel.

Factors of technology, Kerviel was able to using other employees’ access codes and user’s

information to enter fake trades. The system failed to detect his performed legitimate

transaction in one direction, but falsified the hedges that were supposed to offset the

legitimate ones. He entered the false transactions in a separate portfolio, distinct from his real

trades. SocGen’s controls are capable of detecting more complicated errors and fraudulent

transaction than the simple ones that Kerviel allegedly committed.

Q3.

In the beginning, we consider that managers and executives who work in SocGen should be

held responsible for Kerviel’s trading losses, because they are the ones who should be setting

policies and manage and enforcing them to prevent these kinds of activities from happening.

However, later on, we think about the MIS auditors actually should be held responsible for

the trading losses.

Since SocGen’s systems were capable of detecting complicated errors and fraudulent

transactions which were more advanced than those committed by Kerviel. Still, Kerviel was

able to commit very simple fraudulent transactions, and at same time cannot be detected.

Obviously, the system controls were not perfect as they should have been. Yet there were

several other system vulnerabilities, Kerviel was able to utilize to commit its fraud.

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Through the article, we can know that managers decided to unload Kerviel’s activities

positions soon after discovering the fraud, despite the fact that the market conditions at the

time were decidedly unfavourable. That led to even greater problems in the global financial

world.

As further mentioned in the article, the SEC launched an investigation into whether or not

SocGen violated U.S. securities laws by unwinding Kerviel’s positions covertly after the

fraud was revealed as well as whether or not insider information played a role in the selling

of SocGen stock prior to the announcement of the scandal.

Q4.

One way SocGen could have prevented Kerviel’s fraud is placing and enforces stronger

auditing procedures. Auditors can trace the flow of sample transactions through the system

and perform tests using automated audit software. Besides that, banks should institute access

controls to prevent improper access to systems by unauthorized insiders and outsiders. The

bank could have used other sophisticated authentication technologies such as tokens, smart

cards or biometric authorization instead of simple passwords. With that, it could have

prevented Kerviel from being able to use other employees’ access codes to enter transactions.

Using forensic techniques and technologies is also another way. Electronic evidence in the

form of computer files exists in the computer storage media and is not visible to the general

users. Data that Kerviel deleted on the bank’s storage media could have been recovered

through various techniques as the data could have been used as evidence at his trials.

Moreover, intrusion detection systems could have been installed that would have been

detected few of Kerviel’s activities. These systems will help to generate alarms if they find an

exquisite or suspicious event. They also check to see whether the important files have been

modified or not. This is because monitoring software examines the events as once they took

place to find out security attacks during the progress. Many Kerviel’s errors, like ‘offsetting’

transactions could have been detected by using one of these systems.

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Q5.

General controls govern the design, security, and use of computer programs and the security

of data files in general throughout the organization’s information technology infrastructure.

These controls which could be separated and addressed to software controls, physical

hardware controls, computer operations controls, data security controls, controls over

implements of system processes, and administrative controls.

Application controls is a specific controls unique to computerized application. It includes

both automated and manual procedures that ensure only authorized data are completely and

accurately processed by applications. In addition, application controls include input controls,

processing controls, and output controls.

Acceptable use policy: SocGen should create an AUP to define acceptable uses of the firm’s

information resources and computing equipment, including desktop and laptop computers,

wireless devices, telephones, along with the Internet. A good AUP defines unacceptable and

acceptable actions for every user and specifies consequences for non-compliance.

Authorization management system establishes where and when a user is permitted to access

certain parts of a Web site or a corporate database. Such system would allow each user access

merely via to those portions of a system that himself is permitted to enter, based on the

information established by a set of access rules.

Reference

Whitmire, E. (2009, 12 5). Retrieved from docstoc:

http://www.docstoc.com/docs/5871267/Bus270_SG-CSQ_ekw

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