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Topic Forecasting

Forecasting by saniah saleem rao

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Page 1: Forecasting by saniah saleem rao

Topic

Forecasting

Page 2: Forecasting by saniah saleem rao

Topics •What is forecast•Elements of the forecasting •Steps in the forecasting•Approaches to the forecasting

Page 3: Forecasting by saniah saleem rao

What is Forecasting

• Forecasting is the future prediction on the behalf of situation.

• Forecasting is the basis process of the business planning, planning is the integral part of any business.

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Basis of Forecasting

• Current Situation/Current Factors• Past Experiences/Past Factors

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Common Feature’s

• Experience• The same will be done• Prediction about the future

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Common Features CONT…• Group of item may be more accurate into the

individual items• Forecasting accuracy: high accuracy to

produced good and services in low time that use more forecasting.

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Elements of the Forecasting

• Timely Forecasting• Accurate Forecasting• Measureable Forecasting

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Elements of the Forecasting

CONT…• Reliable Forecasting• Easy to use• Cost Effectiveness

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Steps in Forecasting

• Purpose of forecasting• Established time horizon• Select of forecasting technique

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Steps in Forecasting

CONT…• Prepared of forecasting• Monitor of the forecasting• Gather & Analysis data

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Approaches of the Forecasting

Quantitative Technique: Use more data & more time.

Judgmental Technique: A subjective analysis of subjective input.

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Approaches of the Forecasting

CONT… Associate Model: Use explanatory variables to

predict the future analysis. Time Series Technique: Historical data use for

the future forecasting.

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Quantitative Technique

• Qualitative Technique• Subjective Impact

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Judgemental Forecasting

Judgemental forecasting is uses subjective inputs, to Implement a systematic approach & justify the data. A separate forecaster and user.

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Judgemental Forecasting

Executive Opinion: Decision will take upper level of managers.

Sale force Opinion: Upgrade the level of sales. Consumer Survey: To survey the consumer need &

what they want.

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Judgemental Forecasting

CONT… Delphi Method: The method relies on the key

assumption that forecast from a group are generally more accurate then those from individual.

Outside Opinion: Financial & consulting gurus & companies.

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Judgemental Forecasting

CONT… Opinion of manager & staff: A series of

Questionnaires developed sequentially.

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Associative ModelThe technique is use for exploratory series for forecast for future predict demand.• Predictor Variable: Is independent variable.• Predicted Variable: Is dependent variable.• Regression: It’s a technique.

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Forecast based on time series

The time series forecasting on the behalf of past basic behaviours, “There are some variations”:•Trend Variation•Seasonal Variation•cyclical Variation•Irregular Variation•Random Variation

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Trend Variation•Trend Variation are basically long term variation .•Movement of trend depend on time .

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Trend Variation

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Seasonal Variation

Seasonal Variation is basically short term, depend on business type.

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Seasonal Variation

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Cyclical Variation

•The variation is realistic more then one (1) year.•Variation as like wives,(ups & down)

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Irregular Variation

•Unexpected reason, reason was not observed.•Unexpected reasons that is directly effected on the business.

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Random Variation

Slowly change with the passage of the time, very little change in the variation.

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Native Method•In this method predict the past

observations & behavior.•Previous time, previous observation is the

actual value of the time.

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Technique for Averaging

Up’s & down is the part of the business time but consider only real variation.Example:In the last working on top.

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Technique for Averaging CONT…

•Moving Average•Weighted Average•Exponential Smooth

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Thank you