Research Methodology

Topic Of Stage:

Principles Of Presentation

Presenter:

Farees Ud Din Mufti

Communication“A process of transferring information from

one entity to other”OR

“It is a process of imparting or interchanging of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing or drawings is called communication”.

Presentation It is like a story.

Defined as;

“The presentation is a way of communicating ones own message to an audience”.

Purpose of Presentation

To inform others.

To persuade about your ideas.

A way to express ones ideas.

It aims at lessening the stage fright and terror.

Simply it helps in delivery of ones opinion haphazardly.

General Format Of Presentation

1. Introduction It is consist of material giving overview of presentation, purpose of

topic, outcomes from presented topic and presenter occupation.

2. Body Text This is the main digest of topic. It contains the interpretation of the problem, during which the

speaker follows the outline mentioned earlier.

3. Conclusion The final text which will review, highlight and emphasize - key

points, benefits, recommendations is the conclusion. Here final step is to collect words about the topic and draw

final conclusions.

Basic Infrastructure Of Presentation

A presentation body infrastructure and its mechanics is composed of four “S” i.e.

Strategy Structure Style Supplement

1) Strategy

Understand your purpose and role which involves knowing your audience, the occasion, and the expectations of your audience.

Tailor your message to the audience to get attention of them.

Be concrete, specific, practical, and relevant.

Clarify your objectives – whether to motivate?or inform? Or persuade? or teach?

Clarify what role you will be performing - coach? advocate? teach?

Develop a logically compelling case for your plan.

Reach a common goal and research your topic.

2. Structure

Once you know what do you want to say, then you have to organize the theme in an organized structure.

Organize the body of the presentation logically - always from simple

to complex.

When appropriate, encourage audience participation.

Conclude on a "high note" - include an overall summary and proposed actions or options

Incorporate visual aids effectively - don't let mechanics of presentation interfere with your message.

Prepare for contingencies – and rehearse well.

Think about what might happen and prepare - what if the overhead bulb blows out;...

What if the audience is more prepared than you expected ...

What if there is an unexpected question - - if a disruption is particularly obtrusive, you might relieve the tension with a joke or humorous comment.

3. Style

A good delivery seems both intellectual and emotional.

Where, organizing ideas is part of the task.

So, to gain and maintain attention, an attractive style is needed:

1. Convey "controlled enthusiasm" for your subject – Posture, tone; don't lean.

2. Audience will mirror your attitude – so radiate confidence without preaching.

3. Don't confuse enthusiasm with loudness; try to convey a range of emotions from concern, anticipation, excitement.

4. Where appropriate, candidly discuss pros and cons; explain advantages first; present risks or challenges than.

5. Regional accents or colloquialisms matters a lot; so use common accent.

6. Physical mannerisms i.e. speakers who pace jingles change in their pockets etc focuses attention on themselves rather than the subject thus causes inadvertent and distracting.

7. Voice tone should be moderate loud and avoid dramatic variations in the pitches of their voices, only decency matters.

8. Presentations are movies not snapshots; prepare the space for movement.

9. Try to position yourself to enhance rapport with the audience.

10. Eye contact is your primary tool for establishing audience involvement; look at your audience in random rotating order.

4. Supplement

It mainly comprises use of questions and challenges.

Ask "friendly" questions - Avoid asking risky questions - that is, questions that may imply lack of knowledge or intelligence.

Make the interchange a mutually satisfying experience between you and your audience.

A polite "thank you, that's what I was looking for" can get you back on track after reasonable discussion.

When challenged, be candid and firm but avoid over responding.

Maintain control of the session.

Avoid rhetorical questions - ask interesting questions that are thought provoking but not too difficult to answer.

Put "you" elements into questions - make them relevant to the audience's personal experience.

Prepare key questions prior to the presentation; it is difficult to think of good questions on your feet.

Be firm and assertive without being aggressive or defensive.

Principles of Presentation

There are few basic principles of presentation to make it more effective.

1. Start preparing early;

Don't wait until the last few days to prepare so prepare it early, let it rest a little bit and come back to it.

Practice your entire presentation-including your slides, if you can practice it before a group of colleagues or friends is better.

2) Think about Your Audience;

Who are they, why are they here and what are their interests.

What do they know; what do they want to know; what is a worthwhile investment in their time.

3) Be clear about your purpose

Are you informing or persuading or only tell them what you are going to do, tell them.

What do you want the audience to know, feel, or believe afterwards.

4) Keeping to time

Simply to manage the whole in specified

and ideal short time is the key to successful

presentation.

5) Planning the presentation

Preparing a structure of the talk carefully and logically, just as a written report.

It shows the objectives of the talk and the main points you want to make.

6. Use an Effective Introduction

Greet the audience in formal opening (for example, ‘Assalam O Alaikum or Good morning, ladies and gentlemen')

Say thanks to them and tell them who you are?

Tell the audience what you are going to tell them about topic.

Effects and outcomes of selected topic and finally give outline of the topic.

7. Pace & Structure

If the pace is too slow it will bore the audience rigid.

If it’s too fast, it will lose them almost from the start.

So to maintain a steady pace that allows audience to follow what presenter say without being sent to sleep.

8. Organize data of topic

Prioritize topics and allocate time accordingly.

Say how long you will take.

Have a well thought pattern (examples are problem/solution, chronological, cause and effect, topical); use transitions to move smoothly from one point to the next.

Use supporting materials to flesh out main points.

When you will take questions i.e. there will be time for questions and comments and audience would be free at that time.

9. Create an Effective Conclusion

Summarize, set final image, provide closure.

Don't just present data or summarized results and leave the audience to draw its own conclusions,

You have had much more time to work with your information than your audience so share your understandings

10. Compose for the Ear, not for the Eye

Use simple words, simple sentences, markers, repetition, images, personal language ("You" and "I").

11. Sound spontaneous, conversational, enthusiastic

Use key phrases in your notes so you don't have to read, use the overhead instead of notes.

Vary volume, don't be afraid of silence, don't use fillers like "um".... Avoid jokes and baseless shouting.

12. Use Body Language Effectively

Relaxed gestures, eye contact; don't play with a pen or pointer.

Don't block visual aids.

Use comfortable and attractive dress.

14)Use Visual Aids to Enhance the Message

Use visuals to reinforce and clarify, not overwhelm.

Use effective, designed and properly used transparencies.

Keep visual aids fully defined; use titles to guide the audience.

15) Analyze the Environment

Check out size of room, placement of chairs, time of day, temperature, distractions

Check out AV equipment ahead of time; have a spare bulb.

16. Cope with Stage Fright by Remembering the 7 “P” suggested by Engleberg (1994)

Purpose (Yours, your topic)

People (To whom you are concerned)

Place (Where, why and whom)

Preparation (Be prepared in advance)

Planning (Organizing topic)

Personality (Personal decency)

Performance (Topic rehearsal)

Conclusion

In conclusion we say that 4 “P” are key principles;

1. Planning: Overall plan of presenting material, as stated “By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail”. (Benjamin Franklin)

2. Producing: Organizing what to be presented either notes, handouts, slides or documents, but keep it simple, as stated “Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication” (Leonardo da Vinci)

3. Practice: Involves to rehearse the topic before going on stage simply practice, practice and practice.

4. Present: How to present the story of topic keep your knowledge influential, so “ Be sincere; be brief; be seated”. (Fanklin D. Roosevelt).

REFERENCES

Antonoff, Michael, "Presentations that Persuade", Personal Computing, 27 July 1990, 60-68.

Benjamin, James and Raymie E. McKerrow, Business and Professional Communication, Harper Collins, New York, 1994.

Engleberg, Isa N. The Principles of Public Presentation, Harper Collins, New York, 1994.

Osborn, M. and S. Osborn, Public Speaking, Houghton-Mifflin, Boston, 1988.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxR8lh9riFg (accessed:11:34 PM, 6/02/2010)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jd04ANfxP6I&feature=related(accessed:11:39 PM, 6/02/2010)

Good luck !!