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California: Chapters 10-12
By Andrew Bartz
Seeking Utopia Through Science and Technology
Geology 1847 Yale founded the Sheffield
Scientific School, brought talented geologists to California
California Academy of Sciences, goal to survey state and collect rare and rich productions
Geological Survey, measuring heights and land formations
Mining, brought about invention of the Pelton turbine
In 1880 Lester Pelton patented the water turbine, multiplied power of running water
New basis for hydro-electrical generation
Early Conservation of California Transfer of Yosemite Valley to
federal jurisdiction 1890 Advocated creation of National
Park System
Sheffield Scientific School
Seeking Utopia Through Science and Technology The new age of Flight
James Montgomery, experiments heavier-than-air air glider On August 1883 altitude of fifteen feet, it glided for six hundred feet, and safely landed
Wright brothers heavier-than-air craft December 17, 1903 in North Carolina California capitalizes on invention January 1910, Los Angeles County Chamber of Commerce, air show
Astronomy James Lick, died October 1876, left funds to build observatory for most
powerful telescope on the planet The Lick Observatory
Mount Hamilton Santa Clara County Given to University of California
The Hooker telescope, Pasadena December 1908, increased observable universe by 300 percent
George Ellery Hale introduced a 200 inch disk upgrade turning Throop Polytechnic Institute into a first rate center of scientific research
Seeking Utopia Through Science and Technology Electronics
Transcontinental phone calls, radio, television, and high speed electrons
Semiconductor- Replaced vacuum tube with nonmetallic solid material
Bardeen and Brattain used crystal germanium
William Shockley, Palo Alto, 1956 founded Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory Goal to produce silicone transistor
Intel Corporation, invented microchip processor
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak Mission make computers available to
millions of Americans Apple I prototype
Biotechnological research Lawrence Laboratory at Berkley Epicenter for further nuclear research Won 7 Nobel Peace Prizes
Macintosh SE, first apple computer
Art and Life on the Coast of Dreams Film
Industrialization of film production emerged in Hollywood in the 1920’s Reliably good weather Distance from subpoena servers to avoid suits against producers not
willing to pay what they thought was fair for licensing and reel footage fees
For the first time, Americans caught glimpses of life in California Mid 30s takeover of Germany by National Socialism
Mass emigration of talented Europeans Southern California provided opportunities for employment in the film
industry Writing, inspiration of 1940s film, with detective stories, preoccupation with
California themes of nature, naturalism, and bohemia Simplistic relationship to nature, urban matters, with solipsistic drama of self
vs. society 1950’s brought anguish of postwar generation oppressed by materialism,
refuge with sex, drugs, and rebellion
Art and Life on the Coast of Dreams
Painting 1920’s Landscapes in Postimpressionist style Social Realism to California brought by the
depression Daily life, backyard BBQ, suburbia, Sunday
afternoon 1930’s popularity of murals exploded Expressive and figurative paintings flourished in
1940s Photography
Depression brought true photographic realism. Attention turned to social turmoil
Architecture Arts and crafts inspired style first two decades Modernism appeared pre-World War I era, clean
lines, surfaces, minimalist presentation Characterize high end architecture
1950s postwar building boom Domestic tradition California Ranch style
Art and Life on the Coast of Dreams
Music Sound in motion pictures, composers 1930s
Took musical modernism to new heights Jazz orchestra, progressive modes
Fusing of pop and modernism Intensification of country music with the migration from Dust Bowl states during the depression
Outdoor life Middle class Californians opportunity to recreation typically for upper class San Francisco Bay Area 1860s, German immigrants founded Olympic Club Swimming, free public surf, rough water swimming, and boating clubs
California 1907 Anglo-Hawaiian brought surfing Became icon of the California lifestyle
Baseball in California flourished in 1859 Mountaineering, skiing, rock climbing, windsurfing and hang gliding
Forging a World Society Gold rush “World Rushed In”, nearly every country sent people to
California, diversity California founded on racial distinctions and repression
Disenfranchisement of Blacks and Asians Aggression against Mexican land titles Anti-Japanese, “White California” segregation of school
children, barring from land ownership, incarceration of Japanese-Americans during WWII
LA emerged as one of most important centers of Jewish civilization
Anti-Semitism swept California between WWI and WWII
In the early 1900’s, San Francisco had more foreign born residents relative to population than any other city in U.S. Influx of Mexicans, Filipinos, Japanese, Sikhs, and
Koreans Armenians migrated, fleeing Ottoman Turkish
persecution When WWII came along, more African Americans came
to California to work
Forging a World Society 1965 Immigration and Nationality Acts-
Reforming immigration laws Excluded groups now as equal immigrations,
favored reuniting families Refugees from Southeast Asia and
Bangladesh migrated to California Racial, ethnic, and religious covenants of
exclusion in real estate Continuing division between blacks and whites
Watts riots of 1965 Los Angeles riots of 1992 O.J. Simpson trial of 1995
Illegal Immigration 1993 ranked one of three major problems in
California; along with crime and the economy
“Save Our State” Prop 187, November 1994, withdrawal of public support for undocumented Californians
Passed but never implemented, states can’t regulate immigration
Illegal immigrants costing state great deal of money
Illegal border crossing in the act
Forging a World Society Affirmative Action
1998 race and gender based preferences at universities ended
California Civil Rights Initiative, Prop 209, November 1996, outlawing affirmative action
1998 Prop 227 Disestablishment of California bilingual education
program, replaced with one year immersion in English language proficiency
Economy of California reliant on undocumented workers
Gov. Davis’ bill authorizing issuance of drivers licenses to undocumented workers Struck opposition, repealed once Schwarzenegger became Governor
Californians are becoming more like each other
Common culture of California uniting