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American Industrial Revolution
Gavin
Industrial Revolution
1791-1860 American economy shifted focus from
agriculture to manufacturing and Inventing Many notable inventors and Inventions
came from this time period
Textile Industry
Help begin Industrial Revolution Francis Cabot Lowell built first dual purpose textile mill in
1814 Early factories just spun fiber into tread, weaving was
done by hand Three story mill was built on the bank of the Charles
River Significance- Shifted manufacturing from home to factory
Samuel Slater (1768-1835)
Born in Belper England Started as an apprentice at the age of
fourteen Believing Industrial revolution was
over in England, he moved to Providence, Rhode Island
Built first successful cotton spinning machine in the United States
Known as Father of Industrial Revolution in United states
Factory system-wage slaves, child labor
Eli Whitney
Invented the Cotton Gin in1793
50 times more effective than picking by hand
Made little money on his Invention due to copyright infringement
Cotton Gin- Eli Whitney
Separates the cotton fibers from the seedpods
Made producing cotton highly profitable
Slavery began to rise Westward expansion, due
to the need for more land Stimulated Industrial
revolution by supplying New England with Cotton
Interchangeable Parts – Eli Whitney
1798- Whitney manufactured rifles for the U.S. Army.
Discovered Interchangeable Parts Modern day assembly still uses
interchangeable parts
Sewing Machine- Howe/Singer
Originally invented by Elias Howe in 1846
Perfected by Isaac Singer in 1853
Led to mass production of shoes and boots for the Civil War
Moved Sewing from the home to the Factory
Howe’s Sewing Machine
Singer’s Sewing Machine
Samuel F.B. Morse
Invented the Telegraph Strung a wire 40 miles
from Washington D.C. to Baltimore, first message “What hath God wrought?”
Gave instant communication from long distances
Other inventions
Steel plow- John Deere Mechanical Mower-
Reaper- Cyrus McCormick Steamboat- Robert Fulton Railroad
Work Force
Farmer’s daughters were hired to work in factories
Lowell promised strict supervision and mandatory church
Female work force was replaced by water and steam power as well as cheap immigrants such as German and Irish
Why New England?
Poor soil discouraged Agriculture
Dense population provided labor
Seaports made importing and exporting easy
Rapid rivers provided power
Why Not the South?
Capital was tied up in slaves Most of the Consumers were too poor to
afford most finished goods
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Moved many tasks from the home to factories
Made production of goods faster Helped Union win Civil War
How Industrial Revolution effected the Civil War North had more factories which
mage them more supplies such as rifles, boots, and clothing.
North was more prosperous before Civil War
Higher technology such as the telegraph
Other effects of Industrial Revolution
Urbanization Ten hour work day Economic Expansion Social standards Commonwealth V Hunt