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World Bank Institute
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2008, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
Based on an application in the Philippines
A “How-to” guide for farmers
What is SRI?What is SRI?SRI
A combination of innovative agricultural practices
A combination of innovative agricultural practices
Madagascar
Introduction System of Rice Intensification
Planting Water management
Soil aeration Nutrient application
“These practices have enabled farmers to increasetheir paddy yields by 50-100% and even more”Yield
80%Water demand
20% - 50%
India Indonesia Cambodia Philippines
Iran Madagascar China Cuba
Introduction System of Rice Intensification
Yields have been doubled in PhilippinesMore and more farmers to adopt SRI practices
Locally also referred as SSIA in Philippines
SRI Traditional rice production
The six key elements of SRIKey elements of SRI
Soak the field for five days before plowing
Harrow two or three times with a two-three days pause
Spread fertilizerLevel the field
Dry Dry
Land preparation1The six key elements of SRI
Division of field with gridsField rakingRake
25 cm
25 cm
30 or 40 cm
Recommend 40 by 40 cm spacing based on their field experiments
Land preparationThe six key elements of SRI 1
Smaller number of plants are needed per hectareGood seeds
Salt water Soaking seeds in salt water
Sinking seeds Seed selection
1 2
3 4
Seedbed
1 : 1
Soil Fertilizer
Prevents seedling roots from running too deep into the soilThis method is called “Dapog” in the Philippines
Seedling preparation2The six key elements of SRI
SowingSpread organic fertilizerSpray organic pesticideWater the nursery dailyNear your homeBamboo traysBanana leavesEasier to carry the seedlings, compared to traditional practice
Seedling preparation2
Nursery management is faster and less labor intensive
The six key elements of SRI
TransplantingEight-ten days old seedlingsOne month old seedlings
Traditional method
• More productive
• Healthier plants
• Effective root systems
Disassemble the seedbedWash off the excess mud
Put them on a plate or tray
Innovative transplanting3The six key elements of SRI
Grid
Plant one seedling at each intersection of the grid
Traditional methodPlant the seedlings in shallow soil
Slip the roots into sideways Don’t push the seedlings in from above
Allow 20 to 30 minutes between the uprooting of seedlings and their transplanting
Single plants with wider spacingWith wide spacing of up to 40 by 40 cmMore tillersSRI - More profuse root growth
Conventional method less root growth
Innovative transplanting3The six key elements of SRI
Three days wetSeven days dryTen days after transplantingContinuous irrigation when the panicles start to appearSize of cracksTraditional methodsIntermittent irrigation
SRINonSRI
Root elongationThree days wet Seven days dry
Intermittent water application4The six key elements of SRI
Adjust the timing and the amounts of intermittent irrigation according to the availability of water, especially in the
dry season
Good management of irrigation systemThe soil is not kept flooded from the outset, plant roots grow larger and deeper and remain healthier than those grown with
traditional methods
More resistance to drought
Intermittent water application4The six key elements of SRI
Start weeding around 10-12 days after transplanting Start weeding around 10-12 days after transplanting
Repeat 2-3 times every 10-12 daysRepeat 2-3 times every 10-12 days
Rotary weedingManual weeding
Rotary weeding5The six key elements of SRI
Organic fertilizers
Rice straw Animal dung
Banana pulp Indigenous micro organisms
NGO trainingNGO trainingSpray pesticides, if necessary
Organic fertilization6The six key elements of SRI
25 - 40 cm
SeedlingsSingle plantingPlanting with wider spacingIntermittent water applicationSoil aerationOrganic fertilizerModify these based on:
Soil conditions
Availability of water
Financial constraints
Readiness to try the new practices
Things to consider
Leveled land
Control of field water
Cost of labor
Availability of organic materials
MilletSugar cane
Summary : general guidance for applying SRI
Yield
Water Seed
Fertilizer Labor
India Indonesia Cambodia Philippines
Iran Madagascar China Cuba
Climate changeGrowing populationGood management of water irrigation
Conclusion
2008, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
Produced by the World Bank Institute (WBI)Research, script and photo selection by:
Mei XieKotaro KikuchiAlyson Kleine
Script adaptation, multimedia design and production by:WBI Multimedia Unit
Special thanks to the following people, who provided knowledge, materials and photos
Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture & Development, USANorman Uphoff
Decentralized Irrigation System Improvement, IndonesiaNippon Koei Consultant Team Leader,
Shuichi Sato
National Irrigation Administration, the PhilippinesCarlos Salazar
Bonifacio LabianoMario Sagum
Farmers, San Isidro, Paniqui, PhilippinesFelipe B. Gabriel
Efren Gabriel
Irrigators Association, Andanan, Philippines Fernando O. MenobNemegu B. Niog Jr.
SRI-PilipinasRoberto Verzola
Haraz Technology Development and Extension Center, IranBahman Amiri Larijani