8.0 El Lissitzky, The Constructor, 1924. Photomontage. Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California.

8.1 Gustav Klutsis, Electrification of the Entire Country, 1920. Vintage gelatin silver print. Merrill C. Berman Collection, New York, copy photo by Jim Frank.

8.2 Martin Munkacsi, Cover of Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung, July 21, 1929. Bildarchiv Preussicher Kulturbestitz, Berlin.

8.3 Erich Salomon, Hague Conference, January 3-20, 1930. Gelatin silver print. Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin.

8.4 Tom Howard, Dead! (Exection of Ruth Snyder), front cover of Daily News, January 13, 1928. Daily News, New York.

8.5 Photographer Unknown, “Zeppelin Blast Kills Thirty-Five,” from Los Angeles Times, Friday, May 7, 1937. Newsprint.

8.6 El Lissitzky, The Constructor, 1924. Photomontage. Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California.

8.7 Raoul Hausmann, Tatlin at Home, 1920. Collage (destroyed). Statens Konstmuseet, Moderna Museet, Stockholm.

8.8 Aleksandr Rodchenko, Untitled, 1923, to accompany Maiakovskii’s poem “Pro Ito” (“About This”). Photomontage. Rodchenko Archives, Moscow.

8.9 Aleksandr Rodchenko, Untitled (Walking figure), 1928. Gelatin silver print. Rodchenko Archives, Moscow.

8.10 Christian Schad, Schadograph 24b, c. 1920. Gelatin silver print.

8.11 Hannah Höch, Schnitt mit dem Küchenmesser Dada durch die letzte weimarer Bierbauchkulturepoche Deutschlands (Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through the last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany), 1919. Photomontage. Nationalgalerie Staatliche Museen, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin.

8.12 Hannah Höch, Denkmal I: Aus einem ethnographischen Museum (Monument 1: From an Ethnographic Museum), 1924. Collage, photomontage. Berlinische Galerie, Landesmuseum für Moderne Kunst, Photographie und Architektur, Berlin.

8.13 George Grosz & John Heartfield, Leben und Treiben in Universal City um 12 Uhr 5 Mittages (Life and Activity in the Universal City at Five Past Twelve), 1919. Akademie der Künste, Berlin.

8.14 László Moholy-Nagy & Lucy Moholy, Photogram, 1924. Gelatin silver print. Museum Ludwig, Cologne, Germany.

8.15 Herbert Bayer, Cover of Bauhaus 1, 1928. From a photomontage. Bauhaus-Archiv, Berlin.

8.16 Germaine Krull, Cover of Métal, 1928. Collotype. Museum Folkwang Fotografische Sammlung, Esse, Germany.

8.17 Jaroslav Rössler, Untitled, 1931. Museum of Decorative Arts, Prague, Czech Republic.

8.18 Jaromír Funke, Abstract Photo, 1928-29. Moravian Gallery in Brno, Czech Republic.

8.19 Marcel Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q., 1919. Color reproduction of Mona Lisa altered with a pencil. Private collection.

8.20 Max Ernst & Hans Arp, Physiomythological Diluvian Picture, 1920. Collage with fragments of a photograph, gouache, pencil, pen and ink on paper laid on card. Sprengel Museum, Hanover, Germany.

8.21 Morton Schamberg, Untitled (Cityscape), 1917. Vintage gelatin silver print. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Gift of Hallmark Cards, Inc., Kansas, Missouri.

8.22 Charles Sheeler, Industry, 1932. Gelatin silver prints (triptych). Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

8.23 Man Ray, Abstract Composition, 1921-28. Rayograph. Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

8.24 Brassaï (Gyula Halász), Sculpture involontaire (Involuntary sculpture), 1933, Courtesy Edwynn Houk Gallery, New York.

8.25 Man Ray, Untitled, from Minotaure, 1933-35. Silver print. Michael Senft Collection, East Hampton, New York.

8.26 Hans Bellmer, Doll (La Poupée), 1935. Gelatin silver print with applied color. George Eastman House, Rochester, New York.

8.27 Raoul Ubac, La Conciliabule, 1938. Brûlage print. Galerie Adrien Maeght, Paris.

8.28 Dora Maar, Père Ubu, 1936. Gelatin silver print. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

8.29 Eugène Atget, Café, Avenue de la Grande-Armée, 1924-25. Silver print from glass negative. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

8.30 Claude Cahun, Self-Portrait, 1928. Gelatin silver print. Musée des Beaux-Arts, Nantes, France.

8.31 Brassaï (Gyula Halász), “Bijou” of Montmartre, from Paris de nuit (Paris by Night), c. 1933. Gelatin silver print. David H. McAlpin Fund. Museum of Modern Art, New York.

8.32 André Kertész, Distortion #102, 1933. Gelatin silver print. Gift of Graham Nash. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, California.

8.33 André Kertész, Meudon, 1928. Gelatin silver print. Museum of Modern Art, New York.

8.34 Henri Cartier-Bresson, Behind the Gare St. Lazare, 1932. Gelatin silver print.

8.35 Margaret Watkins, Advertisement for Myer’s Gloves, 1920s. Gelatin silver print. J. Mulholland Collection, Glasgow, Scotland.

8.36 Paul Outerbridge, Ide Collar, 1922. Platinum print. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

8.37 Man Ray, Marcel Duchamp Dressed as Rrose Sélavy, 1924. Gelatin silver print. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Pennsylvania.

8.38 Aleksandr Rodchenko, Advertisement for baby pacifiers, 1923. Rodchenko Archives, Moscow.

8.39 László Moholy-Nagy, Goerz, 1925. Gelatin silver print. George Eastman House, Rochester, New York.

8.40 Maurice Tabard, Publicité Dunhill, 1930. Gelatin silver print. Musée National d’Art Moderne, Centre Beaubourg, Paris.

8.41 Dziga Vertov, Man with a Movie Camera, 1929.

8.42 Jan Tschichold, “Film und Foto” exhibition, Stuttgart, 1929. Poster. Stadtmuseum, Stuttgart, Germany.

8.43 August Sander, Boxers Paul Roderstein and Hein Heese, Cologne, 1929. Gelatin silver print. August Sander Archive, Cologne, Germany.

8.44 Hans Finsler, Untitled (Toothpaste and brush), c. 1930. Gelatin silver print. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, California.

Albert Renger-Patzsch, Snake Head, 1927. Gelatin silver print. Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Purchase, Ann Tenenbaum and Thomas H. Lee Gift, 2005.

8.46 foto ringl + pit, Petrole Hahn Advertising, Berlin, 1931. Bauhaus-Archiv, Berlin.

8.47 Herbert Bayer, Brochure for the exhibition “Deutschland”, Berlin, 1936.

8.48 Alexander Libermann, “In Germany, toward a mass army,” from Vu, April 25, 1934. Neogravure. Victoria and Albert Museum (Library), London.

8.49 George Hoyningen-Huene, Schiaparelli Beachwear, 1930, from Harper’s Bazaar, 1935. Gelatin silver print. Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

8.50 Horst P. Horst, Untitled, 1936. Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

8.51 Lejaren À Hiller, Étienne Gourmelen, c. 1933, from Surgery through the Ages, 1933. Gelatin Silver print. George Eastman House, Rochester, New York.

8.52 Willard van Dyke, Cement Works, Monolith, California, 1931. Gelatin silver print. Private collection.

8.53 Imogen Cunningham, Banana Plant, c. 1929. Gelatin silver print. Museum purchase, George Eastman House, Rochester, New York.

8.54 Imogen Cunningham, Irene “Bobby” Libarry, from her book After 90, 1976. Gelatin silver print. © The Imogen Cunningham Trust, San Francisco, California.

8.55 Ansel Adams, Valley View, Yosemite National Park, California, c. 1935. Gelatin silver print. Collection Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.

8.56 Toyo Miyatake, Three Boys Playing Near a Barbed-Wire Fence, Manzanar Relocation Center, c. 1943.

8.57 Tina Modotti, Workers, Mexico, c. 1926-30. Gelatin silver print. Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas.

8.58 Edward Weston, Excusado, Mexico, 1925. Gelatin silver print. Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.

8.59 Edward Weston, Nude, 1934. Gelatin silver print. Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.