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Introduction to Photography covering exposure, shutter speed, ISO and depth of field. Great simple guide for those new to dSLR photography.
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INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOGRAPHY
BYPETER HALL
“YOUR FIRST 10,000 PHOTOGRAPHS ARE YOUR WORST”
HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON
CONTENTS
• CAMERA TYPES• FOCAL LENGTH• EXPOSURE• SENSOR AND FILM SENSITIVITY• SHUTTER SPEED• APERTURE
CAMERA TYPES
FOCAL LENGTH
10mm
15mm
20mm
35mm
50mm
70mm
100mm
155mm
200mm
300mm
EXPOSURE
UNDER EXPOSED
OVER EXPOSED
CORRECTLY EXPOSED (?)
EXPOSURE TRIANGLE
EXPOSURE MODE
SENSOR SENSITIVITY
• The ISO value is a measurement of the cameras film/sensors sensitivity to light
• The lower the number (e.g. 100) the more light that is needed but the better the quality
• The higher the number (e.g. 400) the less light that is needed but the poorer the quality
• ADVICE – use the lowest ISO value that you can !
SHUTTER SPEED• The relationship between shutter speed and aperture is
fundamental to the understanding of exposure and photography on the whole. While the latter primarily controls depth of field, the former can transform images with presence of blurred motion or, at the other extreme, freeze an instant of time by thousandths of second.
• The term ‘shutter speed' refers directly to how long the shutter within your camera remains open, and therefore how much light is able to reach the sensor. Shutter speeds are measured in seconds and fractions of seconds - the longer the shutter remains open at a set aperture, the more light will reach your camera's sensor, and vice versa.
• When looking to keep images sharp, a good general rule of thumb is thus - the maximum shutter speed you can use is 1/ your focal length. For example, take a focal length of 50mm - the longest shutter speed from which you can expect a sharp image is 1/50 second. Image stabilisation goes some way to extending this, but it's best not to rely on this if razor-sharp images are needed.
CAMERA SHAKE
ADVICE
• USE SHUTTER SPEED AS A CREATIVE TOOL IN PICTURE MAKING
• DOES EVERY PHOTOGRAPH NEED TO BE SHARP ?
ROBERT CAPA
SPORTS 1/4000
1/40 SEC
1 SEC
10 SECS
30 SECS
PANNING 1/45 SEC
CAMERA MOVEMENT 1/15 SEC
APERTURE
EXPOSURE TRIANGLE
DEPTH OF FIELD
DEPTH OF FIELD – DEEP – f22
DEPTH OF FIELD – MEDIUM – f8
DEPTH OF FIELD – SHALLOW – f1.8
ADVICE
• USE APERTURE AS A CREATIVE TOOL IN PICTURE MAKING
• DOES ALL OF A PHOTOGRAPH NEED TO BE SHARP ?
LANDSCAPE f13
PORTRAIT f1.8
MACRO f4
MACRO f6.3
f4.5
“OF COURSE IT’S ALL LUCK”
HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON
http://ignite-images.co.uk