GREATERTHE

KOTA KINABALU

E L E M E N T O F N A T U R A L B U I L T E N V I R O N M E N T

FINAL PROJECT | pARt A | ERIC LO YANN SHIN | 0324922 | FNBE JULY 2015

The Photo of K.K City Mosque

iNSIDECity1| what is city

1|advantages and disadvantages

Past, Present & Future2-3| Athen, Greece / municipalities

4-5| Manhattan, New York / Five boroughs

6-7| Dubai, Futuristic city / temperature-

controlled city

Town Planning Principle8| Characteristic / stages

9| Facts

Better Future Town Guildelines11| The five methods

Kota Kinabalu/ The City I Live In 12| Overview

13| Zoning of Kota Kinabalu/legend/ overall

info

14| Residential Areas

15| Public Buildings

16| Public Open Spaces

17| Commercial Areas

18| Government Buildings

20| Education Areas

22| Transportation Hubs

23| Religious & Cultural Areas

25| Facilities, Amenities & Infrastructures.

26| Conclusion/ Synthesis/ Vision

iNSIDEProposal for a better future city 28| Identifying Present cities condition

29| Ideals/ Future Dense City

Appendix30| websites/pictures

CITYA CITY IS A LARGE TOWN AND PERMANENT HUMANSETTLEMENT WHICH COMPOSED OF DIFFERENT BUILDINGSAND ACTIVITIES IN A DISTRICT.

Over one million people are added to the world’s citiesevery week. News reports on the subject frequentlyrephrased this development slightly to say that half of theglobal population now lives in the cities. By 2050, two-third of the human population will be urban.

Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation,utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. Once acity expands far enough to reach another city, this regioncan be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis, forexample, New York City and surrounding areas includingLong Island.

A city formed as central places of trade for the benefit ofthe members living in close proximity to others facilitatesinteraction of all kinds. These interactions generate bothpositive and negative externalities between others'actions.

Therefore, city's density leads to efficiencies in meetingyour needs. Cities serve as a site for the exchange oflabour, money, entertainment, culture, and are transithubs. You can live in a city with less stuff than in thecountry, and your life can be richer through easy access toother people and culture.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Reduced transport costs Higher rate of crime

Exchange of ideas Higher cost of living

Large local markets High commuting times

Sharing of natural resources Higher cost of living

ANCIE

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ATHEN, GREECEATHENS IS THE CAPITAL AND LARGEST CITY IN GREECE

IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S OLDEST CITIES HAS BEEN INH

ABITED 3000 YEARS AGO.

URBAN AND SUBURBAN MUNICIPALITIES

The earliest buildings date from the late Bronze

Age estimated 1200-1300BC, and one of the

earliest civilization

Athens sprawls across the central plain of Attica that is oftenreferred to as the Athens or Attica Basin. The basin isbounded by four large mountains: Mount Aegaleo to thewest, Mount Parnitha to the north, Mount Penteli to thenortheast and Mount Hymettus to the east.Beyond MountAegaleo lies the Thriasian plain, which forms an extension ofthe central plain to the west. The Saronic Gulf lies to thesouthwest.

Athens sprawls across the central plain ofAttica that is often referred to as the Athensor Attica Basin.The basin is bounded by fourlarge mountains: Mount Aegaleo to thewest, Mount Parnitha to the north, MountPenteli to the northeast and MountHymettus to the east. Beyond MountAegaleo lies the Thriasian plain, whichforms an extension of the central plain tothe west. The Saronic Gulf lies to thesouthwest.

CITY OF ATTICA BASIN

Athen City was built in

grid plan form

The Buildings are gridded consistently

ANCIE

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MUNICIPALITIES OF GREATER ATHENS

Central Section:

1. City of Athen

s

2. Dafni

3. Ilioupoli

4.Vyronas

5. Kaisariani

6. Zografou

7. Galatsi

8. Filadelfeia

West Section:

29. Egaleo

30. Agia Varvara

31. Chaidari

32. Peristeri

33. Petroupoli

34. Ilion

35. Agioi Anargyroi

– Kamatero

North Section:

9. Nea Ionia

10. Irakleio

11. Metamorfosi

12. Lykovrysi – Pefki

13. Kifissia

14. Penteli - Melissia

15. Amarousio

16. Vrilissia

17. Ag. Paraskevi

18. Cholargos –

Papagou

19. Chalandri

20. Filothei –

Psychiko

South Section:

21. Glyfada

22. Elliniko-

Argyroupoli

23. Alimos

24. Agios Dimitrio

s

25. Nea Smyrni

26. Faliro

27. Kallithea

28. Moschato

Ancient Buildings of Athen

acropolis

Olympia

ERECHTHEION TEMPLE

NEW YORK, USA

ANCIE

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FUTU

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The most popular city in United States.

Manhattan is the centre ofthe New York metropolitanarea. It is one of the mostpopular urbanagglomerations in the world.The population of New Yorkcity is about 8.4 Million. Itconsists of fiver boroughs.

The 5 boroughs in NYC:

1. Manhattan

2. Brooklyn

3. Queens

4. The Bronx

5. Staten Island

The borough hosts many world-renowned bridges, skyscrapers, andparks..

Manhattan's Chinatown incorporates thehighest concentration of Chinese people in theWestern Hemisphere

Many districts and landmarks in Manhattanhave become well known, as New York Cityreceives millions of tourists and hostsManhattan three of the world's 10 most-visited tourist attractions in 2013 are TimesSquare, Central Park, and Grand CentralTerminal.

Manhattan was built

in gridded form plan

Buildings in Manhattan

Empire

state

Building

One

world

trade

centre

Metropolitan Museum of Art

ANCIE

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ENT

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DUBAI, UAE

ANCIE

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PRES

ENT

FUTU

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Dubai is the most popular city in United Arab Emirate. It is also thefastest growing city in the world which has a rich collection ofbuildings and structure of various architectural styles. Due to theburst of construction, Dubai has acquired various building-relatedrecords, which include: the world's tallest tower (Burj Khalifa), theworld's largest shopping mall (Dubai Mall), the world's largestfountain (The Dubai Fountain) and the world's tallest hotel (JWMarriott Marquis Hotel Dubai).

Burj khalifa, tallest

skyscraper in the

world.

829.8m

high

The Futuristic Dubai

Dubai is one of the most highly potentialdeveloping city. There are a number oflarge-scale projects which are currentlyunder construction or will be constructed inthe future. Due to the heavy constructionwhich is taking place in Dubai, 30,000construction cranes, which are 25% ofcranes worldwide, are operating in Dubai.The future development plan follows thevision of Shaikh Mohammed Bin Rashid AlMaktoum.

Shaikh Mohammed

Bin Rashid Al

Maktoum “The Ruler

of Dubai”

THE WORLD'S FIRST TEMPERATURE-

CONTROLLED CITY IN DUBAI

10 years of construction to build "The

Mall of The World" ANCIE

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ENT

FUTU

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In the future, when our home planet is covered in man-m a d e w a s t e , w e a l l m i g h t l i v e i n c l i m a t e -c o n t r o l l e d , p e r f e c t l y m a n i c u r e d b i o - d o m e s .

Plans unveiled by developersshow intent to build an entireindoor city in Dubai, completewith retractable glass roof in whatis being billed as the world’slargest shopping centre.The city's capacity will be largeenough to accommodate 180million visitors each year in 100hotels and serviced apartmentbuildings

Glass-roofed streets, modelled on New York's Broadway and London's

Oxford Street, will stretch for 7 km. These will be air-

conditioned in summer as temperatures soar above 40°C

The plan also provisions for a 3 million square feet wellness centre, acultural celebration district, serviced apartments, and a wide selection of hospitality.

THE CONCEPT OF

SATELLITE TOWNSatellite town or satellite city is a concept in urbanplanning that refers essentially to miniature metropolitanareas on the fringe of larger ones.

CHARACTERISTICSatellite cities are small or medium-sized cities near a largemetropolis area, that:

-Predate that metropolis' suburban expansion-Are at least partially independent from that metropolis economically and socially-Are physically separated from the metropolis by rural territory; satellite cities should havetheir own independent urbanized area, or equivalent;-Have their own bedroom communities;

-Have a traditional downtown surrounded by traditional "inner city" neighborhoods-May or may not be counted as part of the large metropolis' Combined Statistical Area.

Founder Introduced by Graham RomeynTaylor in 1915.

Stages of Satellite Town

Facts  

Larger central citieshave two inclinations;

one towardcentralization and

another towarddecentralization. .

Satellite Cities present as aresidential district, a schooltown or an industrial city, afunctional share of the largecentral cities. Citizens of thesatellite city are closely tiedtogether with its central city

in their daily life.

The satellite city is anintermediate unit betweenthe large city and the localcity. It is semi-independent.

Satellite city has apopulation both going-out

and coming-in.

Satellite citiesstructurally consist of old

districts which wereformerly the city areas,and the new districts

which have newly beenannexed and expandedinto suburban areas.

ConclusionThe mismatch between living and

employment in the new towns became the significant problems that constrained theirfuture development. In this dissertation, this kind of phenomenon will be called “Spatial Mismatch” and will be

further elaborated in next section.

Petaling Jaya is a major Malaysian cityoriginally developed as a satellite township for

Kuala Lumpur. It is located in the Petalingdistrict of Selangor with an area of

approximately 97.2 square kilometres.Petaling Jaya was granted city status on 20

June 2006.

The layout concept of satellite city which includeresidential area, commercial area, industrial area,

agriculture area and railiway

GUILDELINES BETTER FUTURE CITY

The living conditions in our city are getting worse. Exhaust fumes andsmoke from the factories are polluting the air and trees are being cutdown. Furthermore, the river is being polluted by chemicals from the

factories and people are suffering from breathing difficulties and stomachproblems. Therefore, we should use more green ways to improve our cities

to be even more livable and sustainable.

Green spaces, quiet streets and recreational parks are important for relaxation, health and sport, nature watching

and social activities. Open areas and green parks are important building blocks for promoting quality of life in

urban environments.

It is vitally important for our cities and towns to function efficiently and to lower the use of scarce natural resources,

to achieve a sustainable quality of life for citizens now and into the future.

Well-governed cities and towns that involve their citizens in environmental decision-making will lead to better

planning for the future and help to ensure the sustainability of the systems we create.

Clean and safe drinking water, effective wastewater treatment, clean

air, and proper waste disposal are basic elements for a high quality of

life in the cities.

Encourage to build more green buildings which are constructed by biomaterials or use recyclable

materials such as steel formwork, recycled insulation, low voc (Volatile organic compounds) paint and etc.

as well as revolutionize the cityscape.

The Five Methods

Kota Kinabalu Sabah

The city i live in

Sabah is the second largeststate in Malaysia.The land areaof Sabah is approximately equal

to the combined land area ofSelangor,

Pahang, Johor, Melaka, andNegeri Sembilan.

Kota Kinabalu is formerly known asJesselton. It is the largest city and capital ofthe state of Sabah. The city is located on thenorthwest coast of Borneo facing the South

China Sea.Sabah indeed has one of the highest

population growth rates in the country.

The area of the city is 351 km². Thecity population is 452,940. The density

of the city is 1,290/km² and Grantedcity status onFeb 2, 2000.

Kota Kinabalu Population Projection 2005-2030

Zoning of kota kinabalu

Kota Kinabalu is considered a small city which is still

underdevelopment. This city granted its city status on

February 2, 2000.

Overall Information

1. Residential areas – 25 2. Public buildings – 3 3. Public open spaces – 124. Commercial areas – 19 5. Government buildings – 13 6. Education areas – 18 7. Transportation hubs – 28. Religious and cultural areas – 79. Facilities, amenities &

infrastructure – 410. Industrial areas – 411. Undeveloped areas – 9

Total area of Kota Kinabalu is 135.5 mi²

The tale of

k.k

The stomach of

k.k

The head of

k.k

Legend:

Boundary of k.k

Residential areas

Public Buildings

Public open spaces

Commercial areas

Government Buildings

Education areas

Transportation hubs

Religious & cultural areas

Facilities, amenities & infrastructure

Undeveloped lands

Industrial areas

Residential Areas

A residential area is a land use in which housing predominates, as

opposed to industrial and commercial areas.

1

The whole area

is named

Kingfisher

which consists

different

range of

houses, such

as single

storey terrace

houses, double

storey terrace

houses, three

storey terrace

houses, Semi-

detached

houses and

bungalow

houses. It is

considered one

of the most

expensive

property in

Kota Kinabalu.

1

2

2

It is known as

“floating

village” where

all the house

are built

along the

waterfront

and the

material used

are timbers.

Ranging from medium –

high cost housing.

Old housing area

Public Buildings

A “public building” is defined as a place where members of

the public usually or occasionally assemble. The assembly

must be a more formal than fortuitous collection of people.

1

Sabah State Library

1

2

2

Sabah Muzeum

33

Likas stadium

Which hosted

Sukan Malaysia

11th in 2002

Public Open Spaces

A public space is a social space that is generally open and

accessible to people. Roads, public squares, parks and

beaches are typically considered public space.

1

2

1

Perdana Park Tanjung Aru

2

Tanjung Aru Beach

3

4

3

KK Bird Sanctuary

4

Likas Sport Complex

Commercial Buildings

A commercial building is a building that is used for commercial use. Types can

include office buildings, warehouses, retail stores or hotels.

1

1

Gaya street

It is a street market only open during

every Sunday morning.

2

2

One Borneo Hypermall

Is the largest shopping mall in

Kota Kinabalu.

3

3

Sutera habour resort

is a 5-star hotel that

built beside the sea

shores.

Government Buildings

Government building generally means a building for a

“government department”, as a government building must

be owned by a government department

1

1

Queen Elizabeth Hospital1

is the main hospital in Kota

Kinabalu

2

2

The Yayasan Sabah Tower

is known as Menara Tun

Mustapha tower. It is the

second tallest building in

the island of borneo.

3

3

Sabah Police

Headquaeters

4

4

Department of Veterinary

Services and Animal Industry

Education Buildings

a building designed for various activities in a primary,

secondary, or higher educational system and often including

living areas for students, such as dormitories.

1

1

SMK Lok Yuk, Likas is my

secondary school which takes

about 15 to 20 minutes drive from

my house (Penampang.)

My house

2

SJK (c)Shan Tao is my primary

school which take 6-8 drive

from my house.

2

My house

3

University Malaysia Sabah is

the ninth Malaysian Public

University located in kota

kinabalu and was established

on 24 November 1994

3

Transportation Hubs

A transport hub is a place where passengers and

cargo are exchanged between vehicles or between

transport modes. Public transport hubs include train

stations, rapid transit stations, bus stops, tram stop,

airports and ferry slips.

1

1

Kota Kinabalu International

Airport is an international

airport in Kota Kinabalu. It

is located approximately 8

km southwest of the city

centre and the second

busiest airport in Malaysia.

2

2

Jesselton Point is a ferry or

boat terminal to different

islands.

Religious and cultural

areas

Religious area or buildings is a place of worship

is a specially designed structure or consecrated

space where individuals or a group of people

such as a congregation come to perform acts of

devotion, veneration, or religious study.

While a cultural area refers

to a geographical area with

one relatively homogeneous

human activity or complex of

activities (culture).

1

1

Kota kinabalu city

mosque. This mosque

cost Rm 34 Million and

has the capacity of

12,000.

2

Secret Heart Cathedral is

the main Roman Catholic

Church in Kota Kinabalu.

3

3

National Department for

Culture and Arts is one of

the agencies under Ministry

of Tourism and Culture

Malaysia and it is

responsible in implementing

cultural and arts activities

in Malaysia.

Facilities, Amenities &

Infrastructure

refers to the fundamental facilities and

systems serving a country, city, or area,

including the services and facilities

necessary for its economy to function.

1

1

Sabah Electricity Sdn.

Bhd is an electrical

company that generates,

transmits and distributes

electricity mainly in Sabah

and Federal Territory of

Labuan.

22

Telekom Malaysia Berhad

is a Malaysia

telecommunication

services. This is kota

kinabalu’s headquater.

Conclusion

Kota Kinabalu is a small city which is currently under a major

development. As the capital city of Sabah, Kota Kinabalu has a lot of

potential lands and spaces for improvement. Thus, it is very essential

for us to understand the current conditions of the city in order for

us to identify and improve the natural and built environment of the

city.

Populations

According to researches, Sabah

is one of the highest population

growth rates in Malaysia. Today,

the property in Kota Kinabalu is

constantly inflating and when the

populations increases in the

future some of the citizens might

have difficulty in finding a

shelter. Therefore, government

and developers should take this

issue into concern in order to

design or build affordable

houses for different category

income of citizens.

Transportations

The public transports

in Kota Kinabalu is

limited because there

are only public

transport such as

shuttle bus is

available in the city.

Plus, the shuttle bus

does not operate

efficiency. For

example, the

inconsistency of time

schedules and bus are

not reachable or

provided in some part

of the city.

Undeveloped lands

There are many empty lands can be found within the city which are abandoned. Government and

developers should make this lands into something useful to serve the

community so that the resources of the city can be maximize.

Current condition and synthesis of k.k city:

Vision and objective of k.k structure plan 2030:

1.Develop Kota Kinabalu as the nature resort

and maritime city.

2. Provide good and efficient infrastructure

facilities.

3. Promote environmental sustainable design.

4. Improve and upgrade local living standard.

By 2050, three out of four peopleson earth will be living in cities.Some cities will look more likeAmsterdam or Singapore, but

they’ll all face similar challenges asthe pressure to manage energy,water, and food becomes moreurgent than ever. Because with

higher population rate come morehomes, businesses,

commuters, consumers and etc. Butnew technologies and innovativeapproaches to urban planning are

driving sustainable solutionsworldwide, making cities cleanerand more attractive places to live.Thus, it is critically important to

plan for a better city.

CITY

Proposal for the better future

Identifying the present cities condition

City are the largest producer of carbon emissions, what can

do to make it greener or in other words how can we build the

ideal city?

Well, it all comes down with one thing, that is density which

turns out more people in less spaces, isn’t always a bad thing

because dense is more .

1. environmentally friendly transportation

Increase the usage of public transportation especially

Commuter, intercity, and high-speed rail which are

reachable and effective in every part of the city. Expert

have claimed that by using effective public transport, it

can reduce the usage of private vehicles used for about

1000 miles per person per year. Therefore, it enables the

city to reduce pollution and minimize the usage of fuel.

Brief ideals of proposing a future dense city

2. strategic and coordinated in the use of land.

In a dense city, there are still a lot of spaces, all we

need to do is to be more creative. For example,

Manhattan has an estimated 30 square mile unused roof

space which is 20 times the size of central park of New

York. Thus, we should manipulate these space wisely in

order to serve the community.

3. energy efficiency

A compact city can be more energy

efficiency. Power planting for one can be

a lot smarter which they can be

connected to smart grid which allows the

wasted energy to get used. That means

there is less pollutions and cheaper

utilities bills.

Conclusion

However, no city is an ideal city and we cannot

just re-design everything by scratch. The cities

must adaptable, but, ideals do provide a share

sense of direction. Even if where we ended up it is

only partial, at least we can see how far we can

go. In conclusion, during the process we will build

a better and more sustainable future city for us

to live.

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