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Forskningens Døgn 25.4.2008
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På sporet efter hinanden – om Web 2.0 og social navigation
Lennart Björneborn
Danmarks Biblioteksskole
LB@db.dk
Forskningens Døgn 25.4 2008
“Nye teknologier forandrer strukturen i vore interesser:- de ting, vi tænker over.
De forandrer karakteren af vore symboler:- de ting, vi tænker med.”
Neil Postman, Teknopolis, 1993
Ericsson Medialab
Internet = computer-netværk
WWW = dokument-netværk
ww
w.c
ybe
rge
ogra
phy.
org
/atla
s/
Ada
mic
et
al.
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3).
A s
ocia
l net
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k ca
ught
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he W
eb
Web 2.0 = person-netværk
Web 2.0 = “participative Web” = “architecture of participation” Web 2.0 = buzzword: Tim O’Reilly 2004
Web 2.0 = “user-added value”
Web 2.0 = connect + create + collaborate + share + remix + .. blogs, RSS, wikis, tagging, folksonomier, mashups, mm.
Web 2.0 = social web / social software Web 2.0 = Web “0.0” = Tim Berners-Lee’s idé med WWW 1990
redskaber til social interaktion, samarbejde og videndeling
social software
”… supports, extends, or derives added value from human social behaviour …” Tom Coates’ blog, 5.1.2005: www.plasticbag.org/archives/2005/01/an_addendum_to_a_definition_of_social_software
xkcd
.com
/c25
6.ht
ml
Martin Sønderlev 2007
”people attract people”
Flickr: Roskilde festival
social navigation
’social navigation’: konference 1994
“moving through an information space and exploiting the activities and orientations of others in that space” (Dourish 2003)
two fundamental features for social navigation: presence of multiple individuals within some space communication of aspects of their activity to each other (Dourish 2003)
information om hvad andre brugere gør – eller har gjort –
guider vores vejvalg gennem info.rum
vores info.adfærd påvirkes af andres info.adfærd
hvor er andre? hvad laver de?
hvor har andre været? hvad har de lavet?
social navigation
sociale navigations-muligheder i Facebook?
sociale navigations-muligheder i Facebook?
brugerskabte adfærdsspor / navigationsmuligheder = “2.0”-tilgang
adfærdsspor på biblioteker :-)
sociale navigations-muligheder i LibraryThing?
sociale navigations-muligheder i LibraryThing?
’collaborative filtering’
indsamler mange personers adfærdspor
’collaborative filtering’ = ’recommender system’ ’data mining’
social navigation + collaborative filtering
forudsætter at der er nok brugere: kritisk masse
: “people who bought this book also bought…”
collaborative filtering
social navigation i tag-netværk
taggers
tags
taggees
nnn
nnn nnn nnn nnn
nnn
nnn nnn
nnn nnn
© Björneborn
’multi-reachability’ = mange adgangsveje gennem info.rum= ’small world’-afstande
‘small-world’-netværk
”hvor er verden dog lille!” – ”it’s a small world!”
‘small world’ = korte afstande via genveje mellem klynger i netværk
effektiv spredning af signaler, kontakter, ideer, vira, etc.
1960s: social netværksanalyse + grafteori: ’six degrees of separation’ i dag: ‘small world’ i epidemier, hjerner, øko-system, forskernetværk, mm.
‘small-world’ mellem filmstjerner: www.cs.virginia.edu/oracle/star_links.html
Facebook’Friend Wheel’19.4.200836 friends
Facebook’Nexus’19.4.200836 friends
”the strength of weak ties” Granovetter (1973)
social netværksanalyse
videnspredning og social sammenhængskraft
på tværs af sociale grupper
’weak ties’ = perifere, ‘svage’ forbindelser
mange i Facebook :-)
www = ‘corona’-formet (Björneborn 2004)
‘reachability structures’
= hvordan kan man nå (‘reach’) fra et punkt til et andet?
social graph ”global mapping of everybody and how they are related”
(Fitzpatrick & Recordon 2007: Thoughts on the social graph)
Web 2.0 = person-netværk = social graf
Google Social Graph API API = application programming interface
coding publicly declared web connections XFN = XHTML Friends Network
FOAF = ‘Friend of a Friend’ project
http://code.google.com/apis/socialgraph/docs/
”social network portability”
Google OpenSocial API API = application programming interface
API for “social applications across multiple websites” ”many sites, one API”
f.eks. Friendster, LinkedIn, MySpace, Oracle, orkut, Plaxo på vej med Facebook applikationer (inkl. konverteringer)
http://code.google.com/apis/opensocial/
”social network portability”
”connecto ergo sum” Lennarts motto :-)
tak for opmærksomheden!
(M.C. Escher forudså, hvordan ’small-world web’ og web-crawlers ser ud :-)
læs mere Dieberger, A. et al. (2000). Social navigation : techniques for building more
usable systems. Interactions, 7(6), 36-45. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=352587 [via DEFF?]
Dourish, P. (2003). Where the footprints lead: tracking down other roles for social navigation. pp. 273-291. In: Höök, K. et al. (eds.). Designing
information Spaces: the Social Navigation Approach. London: Springer
Ludvigsen, M. (2005). Designing for social use in public places – a conceptual framework of social interaction. pp. 187-202. In: Ludvigsen (2006). Designing for Social Interaction : Physical, Co-located Social Computing. Ph.d.-afhandling. Aarhus School of Architecture & ISIS Katrinebjerg, Center for Interactive Spaces.
http://www.nordes.org/upload/papers/129.pdf
ekstra
III International Information Infrastructure
WWW
GGG
World-Wide Web
Giant Global Graph
(Berners-Lee 2007)
social software
”It allows people to communicate, collaborate, and build community online.”
”It can be syndicated, shared, reused, or remixed, or it facilitates syndication.”
”It lets people learn easily from and capitalize on the behavior or knowledge of others.”
Farkas, Meredith G. (2007). Social Software in Libraries : Building Collaboration, Communication, and Community Online. Medford, N.J.: Information Today
“Social Software Building Blocks” (Smith 2007)
http
://n
form
.ca/
publ
icat
ions
/soc
ial-s
oftw
are-
build
ing-
bloc
k
Identity - uniquely identifying people in the system
Presence - knowing who is online, available or otherwise nearby
Relationships - describing how two users in the system are related
Conversations - talking to other people through the system
Groups - forming communities of interest
Reputation - knowing the status of other people
in the system - who can be trusted?
Sharing - sharing things that are meaningful
to participants
sociale ’byggesten’ skabersociale navigationsmuligheder
sociale ’byggesten’ skabersociale navigationsmuligheder
“Social Software Building Blocks”
direkte/indirekte social navigation direkte social navigation
via fysiske informationsrum ansigt-til-ansigt
via digitale informationsrum fx videokonference, chat, email, sms, SecondLife
indirekte social navigation = efterladte adfærdsspor via fysiske informationsrum
fx nyafleverede bøger, ’æselører’, andre brugeres placering via digitale informationsrum
fx links, tags, rating, kommentarer, andre brugeres placering
© Björneborn
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