Lab # 2

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Introduction to Programming

Lab No. 2saqib.rasheed@mail.au.edu.pk

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x = 2 + 4 ; = 6 ;

Memoryxx

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Memory

x = a + b ;a b

x

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How To get Value from User

How to get value from user we use

cin>>x;

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QUIZ # 1Calculate Average Age of 10 Students

Get age of 10 students one by one Add them and save the answer in a separate

variable Divide it with total number of students Again save the answer in a separate

variable Display the answer

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#include <iostream.h>main ( ){

int age1, age2, age3, age4, age5, age6, age7, age8, age9, age10 ;int TotalAge ;

int AverageAge ;

cout << “ Please enter the age of student 1: “ ;cin >> age1 ;

cout << “ Please enter the age of student 2: “ ;cin >> age2 ;::TotalAge = age1+ age2 + age3+ age4+ age5+age6+ age7+ age8+age9 + age10 ;AverageAge = TotalAge / 10 ;

cout<< “The average age of the class is :” << AverageAge ;}

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Interesting Problem

Given a four-digit integer, separate and print the digits on the screen

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Analysis Number = 1234

Take the remainder of the above number after dividing by 10Eg 1234 / 10 gives remainder 41234 % 10 = 4

Remove last digit 1234/10 = 123.4 123 (Truncation due to Integer Division)

123 %10 gives 3 Remove last digit

123/10 = 12.3 12 (Truncation due to Integer Division)

12 % 10 gives remainder 2 Remove last digit

12/10 = 1.2 1 (Truncation due to Integer Division)

Final digit remains

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Code#include <iostream.h>main ( ){

int number;int digit;cout << “Please enter a 4 digit integer : ”;cin >> number;digit = number %10;cout <<“The digit is: “ << digit << ‘\n’; // first digit; and then << ‘\n’number = number / 10;digit = number % 10;cout <<“The digit is: “ << digit << ‘\n’;number = number / 10;digit = number % 10;cout <<“The digit is: “ << digit << ‘\n’;number = number / 10;digit = number % 10;cout <<“The digit is: “ << digit;

}

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Flow Chart for if statement

Condition

Process

IF

Then

Entry point for IF block

Exit point for IF block

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if Statement

if (condition)

{

statement ;

-

-

}

The if statement allows conditional execution

Practice Example # 1main ()

{

int num;

cout<<“Enter a number less than 10:”;

cin>>num;

If (num <10)

{

cout<<“What a obedient students”

}

}

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Relational Operators

The relational operators allow to compare two values Whether they are equal to each other. Unequal Whether one is greater than the other.

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Relational Operators

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We can even use arithmetic expressions in the

if statement.

if ( 3 + 2 % 5 )

cout<<"This works";

if ( a = 10 )

cout<<"Even this works";

if ( -5 )

cout<<"Surprisingly even this works";

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int var1, var2;

cout<<"Input the first number:";cin>>var1;cout<<"Input the second number:";cin>>var2;

if(var1 == var2){

cout<<"var1 is equal to var2";}

Practice Example # 2

int main()

{

int n,d;

cout << "Enter two positive integers: ";

cin >> n >> d;

if (n%d)

cout << n << " is not divisible by " << d ;

}

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Practice Example # 3

if-elseif (condition){

statement ;--

}else{

statement ;--

}

if-elseCondition

Process 1

IF

Then

Entry point for IF-Else block

Exit point for IF block

Process 2

Else

Note indentation from left to right

Practice Example # 4

cout<<“Enter a number less than Equal to 10:”;

cin>>num;

If (num <=10)

{

cout<<“What a obedient students”

}

else

{

cout<<“You are not obedient Student”;

}

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int var1, var2;

cout<<"Input the first number:";cin>>var1;cout<<"Input the second number:";cin>>var2;

if(var1 == var2){

cout<<"var1 is equal to var2";}else{

cout<<"var1 is not equal to var2";}

Practice Example # 5

Example Nested ifint var1,var2,var3,var4;

var1=12; var2=12;

var3=10; var4=10;

if(var1 == var2){

cout<<"\nOuter Loop Statement";if (var3 == var4){cout<<"\nVar1 & Var2 are Equal and Var3 & var4 are Equal";}

}cout<<"\nMain Statement";

Largest Number among 3

Que No 1

Write a program in C++ that take input

of three integers numbers from user.

Find the largest number among three

of them.

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Largest Number among 3 (Code)

#include<iostream.h>

void main ()

{

int a,b,c, larg;

cout<<"Enter First Integer=";

cin>>a;

cout<<"Enter Second Integer=";

cin>>b;

cout<<"Enter Third Integer=";

cin>>c;

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Largest Number among 3 (Code)

if (a > b)

larg = a;

else

larg = b;

if (larg > c )

cout<<"Largest is ="<<larg<<endl;

else

cout<<"Largest is ="<<c<<endl;

}

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Largest Number among 3 (Out Put)

Enter First Integer=10

Enter Second Integer=25

Enter Third Integer=38

Largest is =38

Press any key to continue

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Nested if else

Que No 2

Write a program in C++ using if/else operator

with nested statements to find the grade of a

student .

marks >= 90 Grade A

marks >= 80 Grade B

marks >=70 Grade C

marks >=60 Grade D

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Nested if else (Code)#include<iostream.h>

void main ()

{

int marks;

cout<<"Enter the grade of student=";

cin>>marks;

if ( marks >= 90 )

cout<< " Grade A \n";

else if (marks >= 80 )

cout<<" Grade B \n";

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Nested if else (Code)else if ( marks >=70 )

cout<<" Grade C \n";

else if (marks >=60)

cout<<" Grade D \n";

else

{

cout<<" Grade F \n";

cout<<" You have to take the classes again\n";

cout<<" Work Hard To Get Good Grade\n";

}

}

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Nested if - elseint n1,n2,n3;

cout << "Enter three integers: ";cin >> n1 >> n2 >> n3;`

if (n1 < n2)if (n1 < n3) `

cout << "Their minimum is " << n1 << endl; else

cout << "Their minimum is " << n3 << endl; else if (n2 < n3)

cout << "Their minimum is " << n2 << endl;else

cout << "Their minimum is " << n3 << endl;

Nested if-elses

main( )

{

int i ;

cout<< "Enter either 1 or 2 ";

cin>>i ;

if ( i == 1 )

cout<<"You would go to heaven !";

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Nested if-elses

else

{

if ( i == 2 )

cout<<"Hell was created with you in mind";

else

cout<<"How about mother earth !";

}

}

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Forms of if The if statement can take any of the following

forms:

(a) if ( condition ) do this ;

(b) if ( condition )

{

do this ;

and this ;

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(c) if ( condition )

do this ;

else

do this ;

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Forms of if

(d) if ( condition )

{

do this ;

and this ;

}

else

{

do this ;

and this ;

}

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Forms of if

(e) if ( condition )

do this ;

else

{

if ( condition )

do this ;

else

{

do this ;

and this ;

}

}

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Forms of if

(f) if ( condition )

{

if ( condition )

do this ;

else

{

do this ;

and this ;

}

}

else

do this ;

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Forms of if

Logical Operators AND && OR || Not !

Bitwise Operator | &

Logical OperatorsIf a is greater than b

AND c is greater than d

In C++if(a > b && c> d)if(age > 18 || height > 5)

ExampleIf the student age is greater than 18

or his height is greater than five feet

then put him on the foot ball team

Else Put him on the chess team

Vowel / Consonant

Que No 3

Write a program in C++ to input a single

character and print a message“ It is

vowel" if it is vowel otherwise print message "It

is a "consonant“ Use if-else structure and

OR (||) operator only

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Vowel / Consonant (Code)

#include<iostream.h>

void main() {

char input;

cout<<"Input a single character-->";

cin>>input;

if (input == 'a' || input == 'e'|| input == 'i' ||input == 'o'|| input == 'u‘)

cout<<"Its a VOWEL\n“;

else

cout<<"Its a CONSONANT\n“;

}

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Odd/ Even

Que No 4

Write a Program in C++ that take an Integer

value’s from the user and tell that the number

Is EVEN or ODD

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Odd/ Even (Code)

int value;

cout<<"Enter an Interger value ";

cin>>value;

if (value % 2 == 0)

cout<<"Your number is Even\n";

else

cout<<"Your number is Odd\n“;Air University 44

Small / Capital Letter

Que No 5

Write a program in C++ that take a single

character from the user, and tells it's a Small

Letter or it's a CAPITAL letter using nested if

statement only

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Small / Capital Letter (Code)char letter;

cout<<"Enter the letter in \"CAPITAL\" or in \"SMALL\"-->";

cin>>letter;

if (letter >='A' && letter <= 'Z')

{

cout<<"\n\nYou Entered a Capital Letter\n";

if (letter == 'a' || letter == 'e'|| letter == 'i' || letter == 'o'|| letter == 'u' ||

letter == 'A' || letter == 'E'|| letter == 'I' || letter == 'O'|| letter == 'U')

cout<<"\n\nIts a VOWEL\n";

else

cout<<"\n\nIts a CONSONANT\n“;

}

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Small / Capital Letter (Code)else if (letter >= 'a' && letter <= 'z')

{

cout<<"\n\nYou Entered a Small Letter\n";

If (letter == 'a' || letter == 'e'|| letter == 'i' || letter == 'o'|| letter =='u' ||

letter == 'A' || letter == 'E'|| letter == 'I' || letter == 'O'|| letter == 'U')

cout<<"\n\nIts a VOWEL\n";

else

cout<<"\n\nIts a CONSONANT\n“;

}

else cout<<"\n\nIts Not a letter";

cout<<endl;

return 0; }

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The Conditional Operators

The conditional operators ? and : are sometimes called ternary operators

since they take three arguments

expression 1 ? expression 2 : expression 3

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Example of Condition Operator

int x, y ;

cin>>x;

y = ( x > 5 ? 3 : 4 ) ;

This statement will store 3 in y if x is greater than 5, otherwise it will store 4 in y.

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Condition Operator (?:)

Que No 6

Write a Program in C++ to input a single letter

in a char variable. If "m" is input print "You are

Male” otherwise "You are Female" by Using

Condition Operator (?:)

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Condition Operator (?:)#include<iostream.h>

void main () {

char gender;

cout<<"Enter the Gender of the Person=";

cin>>gender;

/*(?:) First Value is Printed if the condition

is true and if it is false second condition is printed*/

cout<<( gender>= 'm' ? "You are Male\n" : "You are Female\n");

}

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Temperature ProgramQue No 7

Make a program in C ++ that tells the form of

Water whether it is Ice, Water or Steam. Display

the menu also as under.

Temperature Less than 0 = ICE

Temperature Greater than 0 & Less than 100 = Water

Temperature Greater than 100 = STEAM

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Temperature Program

int t;

cout<<"Temperature Less than 0 = ICE \n"

<<"Temperature Greater than 0 & "

<<"Temperature Less than 100 = Water\n"

<<"Temperature Greater than 100 = STEAM\n";

cout<<"\n\n\t\tPlease enter the Temperature=";

cin>>t;

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Temperature Program

if ( t <= 0 )

cout<<"Form of water is \"ICE\""<<endl;

else

if( t > 0 && t < 100 )

cout<<"Form is \"WATER\"\n";

else

if ( t >= 100 )

cout<<"Form of water is \"steam\"\n";

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Hierarchy of Operators

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Assignment [10 Marks]

Write a program to calculate the salary as per the following table

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Slides are uploaded athttps://sites.google.com/site/saqibrashied/cplusplus

For more studies use Google

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