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de Broglie Wavelength
de Broglie• Pictured the electron in its circular orbit as a
particle wave
• Can produce "standing waves" under resonant conditions
• Developed the idea that a particle with mass, m, and a velocity, v, has a wavelength associated with it => de Broglie Wavelength
de Broglie
de Broglie
de Broglie
Schrödinger• Used de Broglie wavelength to
create a quantum theory based on waves
• Did not keep the "orbits"
• The wave/particle model cannot determine the location and momentum of an electron at the same time
• The quantum model predicts the probability that an e- is at a specific location
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle• Can only determine the
location or the momentum (velocity) of the particle - not both at the same time!
Photons and Photoelectric Effect
Photoelectric Effect
• Metal is illuminated by electromagnetic radiation
• Energy that is absorbed near the surface can free electrons, causing e's to fly off
• Released electrons are called photoelectrons
• Significant time delay between the illumination and ejection - build up of KE to free e-'s
• Increasing the intensity of light = cause electrons to leave with greater KE
• Photoelectrons would be released regardless of frequency of light, as long as the intensity was great enough....
But these are FALSE!
Wave theory predicts the following:
Photoelectric Effect Findings
• Photons were ejected immediately
• Increasing the intensity did not change the KE although more e-'s were ejected, KE does not increase.
• If the frequency fell below a threshold (specific for each metal), no photoelectrons would be ejected, regardless of intensity!
• If the frequency increases above the threshold, KE increases linearly
PE Effect - Math
• Threshold Frequency
• Work Function - the minimum amount of energy required on a metal surface to eject an electron
• How are these two related?
PE Effect - Math
Photoelectric Effect
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