Cell cycle

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The Process of Cell DivisionThe Process of Cell Division

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview10.2 The Process 10.2 The Process

of Cell Divisionof Cell Division

THINK ABOUT ITWhat role does cell division play in your life?

Does cell division stop when you are finished growing?

ChromosomesWhat is the role of chromosomes in cell division?

Chromosomes make it possible to separate DNA precisely during cell division.

The genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next is carried by chromosomes.

Every cell must copy its genetic information before cell division begins.

Each daughter cell gets its own copy of that genetic information.

Cells of every organism have a specific number of chromosomes.

Chromosomes

Prokaryotic ChromosomesProkaryotic cells lack nuclei. Instead, their DNA molecules are found in the cytoplasm.

Most prokaryotes contain a single, circular DNA molecule, or chromosome, that contains most of the cell’s genetic information.

Eukaryotic ChromosomesIn eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are located in the nucleus, and are made up of chromatin.

Chromatin is composed of DNA and histone proteins.

DNA coils around histone proteins to form nucleosomes.

The nucleosomes interact with one another to form coils and supercoils that make up chromosomes.

The Cell CycleWhat are the main events of the cell cycle?

During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells.

The Prokaryotic Cell CycleThe prokaryotic cell cycle is a regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division.

Most prokaryotic cells begin to replicate, or copy, their DNA once they have grown to a certain size.

When DNA replication is complete, the cells divide through a process known as binary fission.

Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction during which two genetically identical cells are produced.

For example, bacteria reproduce by binary fission.

The Prokaryotic Cell Cycle

The Eukaryotic Cell CycleThe eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four phases: G1, S, G2, and M.

Interphase is the time between cell divisions. It is a period of growth that consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases. The M phase is the period of cell division.

G1 Phase: Cell Growth

In the G1 phase, cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles.

S Phase: DNA ReplicationIn the S (or synthesis) phase, new DNA is synthesized when the chromosomes are replicated.

G2 Phase: Preparing for Cell Division

In the G2 phase, many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced.

M Phase: Cell DivisionIn eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two stages: mitosis and cytokinesis.

Mitosis is the division of the cell nucleus.

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.

Cell cycle

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