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Mechanical and physical ways to separate substances.
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Block 4 – Lesson 3
AIR IS A MIXTURE OF GASES
What is a mixture of substances?
Most substances in nature are mixtures of elements, for example air, water, soil and others. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that keep their original properties.
What is a mixture of substances?
A fruit salad is a mixture because fruits can be separated from each other. Lemonade is a mixture, too.
What is a mixture of substances?
Homogeneous Mixtures
Homogeneous MixturesIt is not possible to distinguish the components at first glance because they are in equal proportions. For example: air, seawater, sugar water, milk and vinegar.
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Heterogeneous MixturesIt is possible to distinguish the components at first glance. For example: sand in water, a fruit salad and vinegar in oil.
Mixtures can be separated by the following means:
MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL
MechanicalSEDIMENTATION:
SEDIMENTATION:
It separates solids from liquids through the action of gravity. It can also separate liquids that do not mix, for example: oil and water.
Mechanical
FILTRATION:
Mechanical
FILTRATION:
It separates solids from liquids by using filters.
Mechanical
SIFTING:
Mechanical
SIFTING:
It separates solids by using a sieve or strainer.
Mechanical
CENTRIFUGATION:
Mechanical
CENTRIFUGATION:
It separates the components of a homogeneous mixture by spinning.
Mechanical
MAGNETISM:
Mechanical
MAGNETISM:
It separates ferromagnetic materials by using magnets.
Mechanical
EVAPORATION:
Physical
EVAPORATION:
It separates solids from liquids by using the action of heat. The liquid evaporates and the solid stays in the container.
Physical
CRYSTALIZATION:
Physical
CRYSTALIZATION:
It separates solids from liquids by heat. It is an industrial method to purify substances.
Physical
So air is a mixture of many gases. Mainly Nitrogen and Oxygen, but it also contains Argon, CO2, Neon, Helium, Krypton, Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Xenon, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Iodine, Ammonia… (mmm…doughnut!)
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