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Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 1
Intermediation platforms political & geopolitical challenges
Stéphane Frénot Stéphane Grumbach
INRIA
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 2http://www.csc.com/insights/flxwd/78931-big_data_universe_beginning_to_explode 1
DATAAn exponential growth
Eric Schmidt:
Every 2 Days We Create As Much Information As We Did Up To 2003
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 3http://www.csc.com/insights/flxwd/78931-big_data_universe_beginning_to_explode 1
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 4
Big Data, Big Promises?Google Flu trends
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 5
Big Data, Big Promises?
Open Data
Government transparencyIncreased democracyBusiness potential
European Directive PSI 2013/37
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 6
Data a resource?
http://www.ibmbigdatahub.com/infographic/big-data-new-natural-resource 1
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 7
Data vs crude oil
Institut des sciences de la communication, CNRS 1
Largest market capitalization
2008 2013
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 8
Towards a complete digitalizationLarge variety of data
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 9
Harvesting of personal dataMostly performed through
Intermediation platforms
Intermediation
• between users with common interests
• between users and services
• between services
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 10
Facebook? a new world!
A social gatekeeper1 billion users130 billions friend links2.45 billion piece of content shared daily350 millions pictures uploaded daily
An ecosystem for the industrystorage, authentication, communicationmillions of Apps developers on the API9 million Apps active
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 11
Intermediation Platforms
Efficient association between producers/consumers of data and services
Activity monetization
Knowledge extraction from users activity
All 30 top sites worldwide
#1 sitetraffic 10 times #15
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 12
Intermediation PlatformsVirtual Empires
International Challenges
Efficient association between producers/consumers of data and services
Activity monetization
Knowledge extraction from users activity
All 30 top sites worldwide
#1 sitetraffic 10 times #15
#64Top European site:
BBC
ID
Identity management
TERMS OF USE
money law
virtual territories fiscal employment
defense
12 3
USA, absolute world leaderChina, Emerging global powerEurope, Periphery of the network
Biface Systems
FREE ACCESS
BUSINESS
Organic behavior
Profiled behavior
Web ranking
Users' profile
New Economic Models
professionals algorithms users
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 13
Biface Organic Systems
FREE ACCESS
BUSINESS
Organic behavior
Profiled behavior
Web ranking
Users' profile
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 14
Biface SystemsTwo types of users with different pricing policies
• Credit card (merchants, clients)
• Mobile telecom (callers, receivers)
Online systems
• Free rider users
• Customers (advertising, ...)
Multi-face systems: various types of users
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 15
Secondary data: user activity
Secondary activity: User profiling
Primary data: Web pages
Primary activity: Web ranking
FREE ACCESS
BUSINESS
The case of the Search Engine
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 15
Secondary data: user activity
Secondary activity: User profiling
Primary data: Web pages
Primary activity: Web ranking
FREE ACCESS
BUSINESS
The case of the Search Engine
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 15
Secondary data: user activity
Secondary activity: User profiling
Primary data: Web pages
Primary activity: Web ranking
FREE ACCESS
BUSINESS
The case of the Search Engine
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 16
Secondary data: user activity
Secondary activity: User profiling
Primary data: Web pages
Primary activity: Web ranking
FREE ACCESS
BUSINESS
Tertiary data: system monitoring
Tertiary activity: test, influence
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 17
From primary to derived data
Primary data:
Produced by users and their services
Open with tunable restrictions
Secondary data:
Derived from traces, activity
Exclusivity of the platform (current business model)
Tertiary data:
Activity of the system
Organic behavior of the system
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach
The challenges of the industry
18
First challenge: capture users and datascale up as much as possible
Second challenge: capture developers and Appsstay as open and adaptive as possible
Third challenge: generate (undisclosed) secondary datacapture added value (business model)
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach
Size matters exponentially
19Thanks to François Bourdoncle
number of users of a search engine
=> traffic ➚
=> interest of advertisers ➚
=> word auction prices ➚
=> relevance (because of price) ➚
=> probability of successful click ➚
=> word covering ➚
=> monetization covering ➚
http://www.wordstream.com/blog/ws/2011/07/18/most-expensive-google-adwords-keywords
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 20
Relying on a few mobile operating systemsiOS, Android
Library of Appsvery knowledgeable personal assistantlocation basedbanking, ...
Mobile services
http://techcubeconsulting.com/5-great-free-mobile-apps-for-businesses/
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 21
A world of agility
Built to adapt permanently vs. built to last for ever
4Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 22
A world of agility
Based on Japanese concepts from toyotism
4
• Kaizen (改善): Continuous improvement
• Genchi Genbustu (現地現物): Go and See
• Nemawashi (根回し): Keep all options
• Hansei (反省): Learning organization
• heijunka (平準化): Create continuous process flow to bring problems to the surface
• Kanban (看板) Use visual control so no problems are hidden
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 23
Intermediation PlatformsVirtual Empires
International Challenges
Efficient association between producers/consumers of data and services
Activity monetization
Knowledge extraction from users activity
All 30 top sites worldwide
#1 sitetraffic 10 times #15
#64Top European site:
BBC
ID
Identity management
TERMS OF USE
money law
virtual territories fiscal employment
defense
12 3
USA, absolute world leaderChina, Emerging global powerEurope, Periphery of the network
Biface Systems
FREE ACCESS
BUSINESS
Organic behavior
Profiled behavior
Web ranking
Users' profile
New Economic Models
professionals algorithms users
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 24
New Economic Models
professionals algorithms users
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 25
Professionals offering
places to stay
Users seeking
places to stay
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 26
Professionals offering
places to stay
Users seeking
places to stay
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 27
Users offering
places to stay
Users seeking
places to stay
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 2845
1) between users and services2) between users/services
Intermediation platforms are new utilities
“Facebook is not cool” Mark Zuckerberg
A utility much like electricity, ...
Intermediation
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 29
Uninterruptible systemsAmazon / eBay / Walmart
• 1 click
• 1 hour delivery
28
Twitter Firehose:
• 300 k QPS
• 22 MB/s tweets that generates 57 TB / month
• Users get tweets in less than 5s (10s in 2011)
• Continuity, Immutability, Incoherency
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 3029
Uninterruptible systems
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 31
Instantaneous Interactions
• 1/10th sec for Amazon leads to 1% drop in sales
• Google 0,5s latency brings down the traffic1/5th
• 10 links per page is the best size for google responses to queries
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 32
A/B Testing (Dan Siroker)
34Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 33
A/B Testing (Dan Siroker)
35Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 34http://androidcommunity.com/google-posts-10-6-billion-in-revenue-for-q1-2012-20120412/http://video.cnbc.com/gallery/?video=3000118210
$50 billion in 2012
“Google is a Vacuum cleaner for revenue”
Barry Diller
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 35
Facebook revenue forecast
http://www.wired.com/business/2012/10/facebook-case-for-optimism/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=socialmedia&utm_campaign=twitterclickthru
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 36
Intermediation PlatformsVirtual Empires
International Challenges
Efficient association between producers/consumers of data and services
Activity monetization
Knowledge extraction from users activity
All 30 top sites worldwide
#1 sitetraffic 10 times #15
#64Top European site:
BBC
ID
Identity management
TERMS OF USE
money law
virtual territories fiscal employment
defense
12 3
USA, absolute world leaderChina, Emerging global powerEurope, Periphery of the network
Biface Systems
FREE ACCESS
BUSINESS
Organic behavior
Profiled behavior
Web ranking
Users' profile
New Economic Models
professionals algorithms users
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 37
International Challenges
#64Top European
site: BBC
12 3
USA, absolute world leaderChina, Emerging global powerEurope, Periphery of the network
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 38Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 39Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 40
Online Population
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 41
Web content language
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_used_on_the_Internet
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 42
The Top 50 websites worldwide
• USA: 72 %
• China: 22 %
Baidu: 5; QQ: 7; Taobao: 9; Sina:13; hao123:16; weibo:17; tmall:23; Sohu:27; 360.cn:28; 163.com: 34; Soso:37;
• Russia: 6 %
Yandex: 20; kontakte:21; Mail: 39;
6 %
22 %
72 %
USA China Russia
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 43
Top 10 websites in the USA
Global traffic combination of average daily visitors and page views over the past month in million
www.alexa.com & www.trafficestimate.com
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 44
Global tracking
Proportion of trackers in different countries
Joint work with Claude Castellucia & Lukasz Olejnik
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 45
Percentage of national web corporations
among Top 25 by country
Data produced by users everywhere in the worldbut accumulated by corporations most often abroad
• USA: 100%• China: 92% (only Google makes it in the top 25)• France: 36% (but mostly marginal sites, not data intensive)
leboncoin, Orange, Free, commentcamarche, lemonde, lequipe, lefigaro, pagesjaunes, sfr
Alexa.com
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 46
Top 20 websites in France
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 47
Data balance for selected countries
for Top 10 sites
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 48
Traffic Top 10 sites in selected countries
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 49
Diversity of search engines
• USA: Google: 65 % ; Bing: 15% ; Yahoo: 15%
• China: Baidu 63% ; Qihoo 22%; Sogou: 11%• Russia: Yandex: 60% ; Google: 25%
• UK: Google: 91 % ; Bing: 5%
• France: Google: 92 % ; Bing: 3%
In France, • Google has a de facto monopoly• Google knows more about France than INSEE
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 50http://www.techinasia.com/how-baidu-qihoo-google-performed-in-china-in-2013/
The dynamism of China
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 51http://www.techinasia.com/how-baidu-qihoo-google-performed-in-china-in-2013/
Rapid evolution of the landscape
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 52
Data as an economic indicator?
OECD Key economic indicators
• International Trade• Balance of Payments• Monetary Aggregates• Interest Rates• International Finance• National Accounts
Data exchange ???
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 53
Intermediation PlatformsVirtual Empires
International Challenges
Efficient association between producers/consumers of data and services
Activity monetization
Knowledge extraction from users activity
All 30 top sites worldwide
#1 sitetraffic 10 times #15
#64Top European site:
BBC
ID
Identity management
TERMS OF USE
money law
virtual territories fiscal employment
defense
12 3
USA, absolute world leaderChina, Emerging global powerEurope, Periphery of the network
Biface Systems
FREE ACCESS
BUSINESS
Organic behavior
Profiled behavior
Web ranking
Users' profile
New Economic Models
professionals algorithms users
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 54
Virtual Empires
ID
Identity management
TERMS OF USE
money law
virtual territories fiscal employment
defense
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 55Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 56
Facebook’s territory
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 57Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 58
Identity management
Id given to any person
Real name systems
Authentication to services
private & public
Unique Id for all services
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 59
Legal system
The same principles everywhere in the world
contracts users/corporations
Local adaptation to specific regulation
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 60
Virtual monetary system
56
Money independent of Central Banks
Taxation at stake with non monetized transactions
Bitcoin: virtual currency with no centralized control
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/08/business/media/bubble-or-no-virtual-bitcoins-show-real-worth.html?nl=technology&emc=edit_tu_20130408
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 61
Global governance
Public Open Data
Made accessible by public administration
Open by default (G8)
Managed on large platforms (Github?)
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 62
Global governance
Public Open Data
Made accessible by public administration
Open by default (G8)
Managed on large platforms (Github?)
Wednesday 9 April 14
Dice - Frénot & Grumbach 63
Intermediation PlatformsVirtual Empires
International Challenges
Efficient association between producers/consumers of data and services
Activity monetization
Knowledge extraction from users activity
All 30 top sites worldwide
#1 sitetraffic 10 times #15
#64Top European site:
BBC
ID
Identity management
TERMS OF USE
money law
virtual territories fiscal employment
defense
12 3
USA, absolute world leaderChina, Emerging global powerEurope, Periphery of the network
Biface Systems
FREE ACCESS
BUSINESS
Organic behavior
Profiled behavior
Web ranking
Users' profile
New Economic Models
professionals algorithms users
Thanks to Sophie Barbier for graphical design
Wednesday 9 April 14
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