INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS: SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION

SMALL GROUP

VERONICA M. DENIEGA MDInstructional Methods

January 12, 2016

LEARNING

STRATEGIES

OBJECTIVESCOMPARE LARGE GROUP AND SMALL GROUP LEARNING• DISADVANTAGES & ADVANTAGES

DEFINE SMALL GROUP LEARNING• BENEFITS & FEATURES

FAMILIARIZE GROUP DEVELOPMENT & PROCESS• GROUP DYNAMICS & INTERACTION

IDENTIFY SGL STRATEGIES & APPLICATIONS• MAXIMIZE STUDENT PARTICIPATION & LEARNING

PRESENT SGL EVALUATION TOOLS• SERVE AS FEEDBACK

COMMON PROBLEMS OF SGL• STUDENTS, FACULTY & ENVIRONMENT

Large Group Learning

Small Group Learning

GROUP DEVELOPMENT & PROCESS

FORMING “ATTRACTION BONDS” formed

“getting to know you “ stage

STORMING Emotional response to task demands

Ideas are criticized

NORMING SUCCESSFUL RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTING ISSUES

put into “good use”

PERFORMING Group focus on achievement

High degree of cooperation with decrease in emotionality

ADJOURNING TERMINATION of individual duties

Task at hand has been completed

GROUP DEVELOPMENT & PROCESS

2 or more with social interaction

5-7 members without leaders

(ideal)

10-12 members with an

appointed leader

Meaningful interaction occurs more readily with

fewer people

GROUP SIZE

CHARACTERISTICS OF A SMALL GROUP

1 Interaction among members with each member exerting mutual influence

2 Group Structure:RolesNormsIntermember relations

3 SHARED GOALS:Strongest unifying factors

4 “GROUPNESS” “ENTITIATIVITY”One unified entity

5 DYNAMIC INTERDEPENDENCEamong members

Successful groups take advantage

of their access to resources

•Group’s access to

RESOURCES

▫ time

▫ money

▫ member expertise

▫ talent

▫ ability

ADVANTAGES OF WORKING IN A SMALL GROUP

•Group work provides

members with a better

understanding &

retention of concepts

being examined by the

group

ADVANTAGES OF WORKING IN A SMALL GROUP

•Diversity in terms of

group member

opinion

ADVANTAGES OF WORKING IN A SMALL GROUP

•Creativity which

refers to the process

by which group

members engages

in idea generation

ADVANTAGES OF WORKING IN A SMALL GROUP

DISADVANTAGES OF WORKING IN A SMALL GROUP

As group size increase, group communication becomes less efficient

as group

SOCIAL LOAFING: process by which individual

member efforts decrease as the number of group

members increases

CONFLICT: inherent in group work

MEMBER MISBEHAVIORS• missing group meetings• failing to meet deadlines• more time on interpersonal

issues

SMALL GROUP LEARNING SKILLS

TEAMWORK IMPORTANT IN A GROUP

HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS

NOT ACHIEVED IN A DIDACTIC LECTURE

COMMUNICATION SKILLS DELIVERY SKILLS & PHYSICALLY POSITIONED

COLLABORATIVE LEARNING FOSTERS RESPECT, HUMILITY, OPENNESS

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SGL STRATEGIES

1 TO GENERATE IDEAS & OPINIONS 2 TO CLARIFY

AND/OR BUILD CONSENSUS

3 TO PRACTICE AND OR PLAY CERTAIN ROLES

• Tutorials• Group discussions• Snowballing• Nominal group• Fishbowl• Roundtable discussion

• Buzz groups• Brainstorming• Crossover groups

• Role plays• Games• Simulation

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SGL EVALUATION

1

432

WRITTEN: diaries; questionnaires

ORAL: reporting backCOMBINATION: do it yourself checklist

SNOWBALL TECHNIQUE: write on the boardFISHBOWL: questionnaire & checklist

self-made evaluation