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SMALL GROUP
VERONICA M. DENIEGA MDInstructional Methods
January 12, 2016
LEARNING
STRATEGIES
OBJECTIVESCOMPARE LARGE GROUP AND SMALL GROUP LEARNING• DISADVANTAGES & ADVANTAGES
DEFINE SMALL GROUP LEARNING• BENEFITS & FEATURES
FAMILIARIZE GROUP DEVELOPMENT & PROCESS• GROUP DYNAMICS & INTERACTION
IDENTIFY SGL STRATEGIES & APPLICATIONS• MAXIMIZE STUDENT PARTICIPATION & LEARNING
PRESENT SGL EVALUATION TOOLS• SERVE AS FEEDBACK
COMMON PROBLEMS OF SGL• STUDENTS, FACULTY & ENVIRONMENT
Large Group Learning
Small Group Learning
GROUP DEVELOPMENT & PROCESS
FORMING “ATTRACTION BONDS” formed
“getting to know you “ stage
STORMING Emotional response to task demands
Ideas are criticized
NORMING SUCCESSFUL RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTING ISSUES
put into “good use”
PERFORMING Group focus on achievement
High degree of cooperation with decrease in emotionality
ADJOURNING TERMINATION of individual duties
Task at hand has been completed
GROUP DEVELOPMENT & PROCESS
2 or more with social interaction
5-7 members without leaders
(ideal)
10-12 members with an
appointed leader
Meaningful interaction occurs more readily with
fewer people
GROUP SIZE
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SMALL GROUP
1 Interaction among members with each member exerting mutual influence
2 Group Structure:RolesNormsIntermember relations
3 SHARED GOALS:Strongest unifying factors
4 “GROUPNESS” “ENTITIATIVITY”One unified entity
5 DYNAMIC INTERDEPENDENCEamong members
Successful groups take advantage
of their access to resources
•Group’s access to
RESOURCES
▫ time
▫ money
▫ member expertise
▫ talent
▫ ability
ADVANTAGES OF WORKING IN A SMALL GROUP
•Group work provides
members with a better
understanding &
retention of concepts
being examined by the
group
ADVANTAGES OF WORKING IN A SMALL GROUP
•Diversity in terms of
group member
opinion
ADVANTAGES OF WORKING IN A SMALL GROUP
•Creativity which
refers to the process
by which group
members engages
in idea generation
ADVANTAGES OF WORKING IN A SMALL GROUP
DISADVANTAGES OF WORKING IN A SMALL GROUP
As group size increase, group communication becomes less efficient
as group
SOCIAL LOAFING: process by which individual
member efforts decrease as the number of group
members increases
CONFLICT: inherent in group work
MEMBER MISBEHAVIORS• missing group meetings• failing to meet deadlines• more time on interpersonal
issues
SMALL GROUP LEARNING SKILLS
TEAMWORK IMPORTANT IN A GROUP
HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS
NOT ACHIEVED IN A DIDACTIC LECTURE
COMMUNICATION SKILLS DELIVERY SKILLS & PHYSICALLY POSITIONED
COLLABORATIVE LEARNING FOSTERS RESPECT, HUMILITY, OPENNESS
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SGL STRATEGIES
1 TO GENERATE IDEAS & OPINIONS 2 TO CLARIFY
AND/OR BUILD CONSENSUS
3 TO PRACTICE AND OR PLAY CERTAIN ROLES
• Tutorials• Group discussions• Snowballing• Nominal group• Fishbowl• Roundtable discussion
• Buzz groups• Brainstorming• Crossover groups
• Role plays• Games• Simulation
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SGL EVALUATION
1
432
WRITTEN: diaries; questionnaires
ORAL: reporting backCOMBINATION: do it yourself checklist
SNOWBALL TECHNIQUE: write on the boardFISHBOWL: questionnaire & checklist
self-made evaluation