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Funding for Pediatric Research:

Sources, Strategies & Challenges

Kathleen Knafl, PHD, FAAN

THE UNIVERSITY of NORTH CAROLINA at CHAPEL HILL

Associate Dean for ResearchFrances Hill Fox Distinguished Professor

Greetings from The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillSchool of Nursing

School of Nursing

From 1789- Oldest public university in the US

Objectives

Identify sources of

funding for pediatric

research

Discuss strategies for

developing successful

research proposals

Consider unique

conceptual &

methodological

challenges of

pediatric research

Sources of Funding for Behavioral Pediatric Research – National Institutes of Health (n=child/pediatric, adolescent, family)

Child Health & Human Development – NICHD

(n=368,59,73)

Mental Health – NIMH (n=197,112,64)

Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute – NHLBI (n=112,14,25)

Cancer – NCI (n=84,22,45)

Diabetes, Digestive, & Kidney Diseases – NIDDK

(n=80,30,13)

Sources of Funding for Behavioral Pediatric Research – National Institutes of Health (n=child/pediatric, adolescent, family)

Deafness & Other Communication Disorders – NIDCD

(n=52,2,1)

Drug Abuse – NIDA (n=43,123,21)

Allergy & Infectious Disease – NIAID (n=43,7,15)

Environmental Health Sciences – NIEHS (n=42,4,3)

Nursing Research – NINR (n=37,14,14)

Examples of NIH Funded Behavioral Pediatric Research – NICHD

“Father Involvement & Well-Being of At-Risk Children” (Bradford, J., R21)

“School Environments & Adolescent Weight Status & Physical Activity Patterns” (Carlson, S., R01)

“Social Capital & Children’s Development: An Experimental Study” (Gamoran, A., R01)

“Domestic Violence & the Parenting of Young Children” (Knutson, J., R01)

“Measurement of Youth Media Exposure & Health Outcomes” (Rich, M., R21)

Examples of NIH Funded Behavioral Pediatric Research – NIMH

“Domestic Violence, Child Security, & Child Mental Health” (Davies, P., R01)

“ Recovery from Early Life Stress in Children Adopted from Institutions” (Izard, C., R01)

“Emotion-Focused Intervention for Mothers & Children Under Stress” (Shortt, J., R34)

“Sleep-Wake Regulation & Emotion in Early Childhood” (Cook, S., R03)

“Family Groups to Reduce Youth Behavioral Difficulties” (McKay, M., R01)

Examples of NIH Funded Behavioral Pediatric Research – NCI

“Health Promotion in Minority Childhood Cancer Survivors (Stolley, M., R01)

“Families Fuertes: Outreach to Latino Families with a Child Coping with Cancer” (Holtz, K., R43)

“Sibling and Parent Bereavement from Childhood Cancer” (Gerhardt, C., R01)

“Family Decision Making in Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant” (Pentz, R., R21)

“Perceived Cognitive Function Item Bank for Children Who Undergo Cancer Treatment” (Lai, J., R01)

Examples of NIH Funded Behavioral Pediatric Research – NIDA “Decision Making & Substance Abuse Among Inner

City Youth” (Bolland, J., R01)

“Linking Parent Drug Use and Child Development Across Three Generations” (Bauer, C., R01)

“Impact of Louisiana Hurricanes on Adolescent Substance Abuse” (Rohrbach, L., R03)

“Project AIM: Preventing Illicit Substance Use Among Middle School Children” (Strauman, T., R21)

“Health & Psychosocial Need: Children with Developmental Disorder in a Time of HIV”

(Davidson, L., R01)

Examples of NIH Funded Behavioral Pediatric Research – NINR

“Children & Parents Partnering Together to Manage Their Weight” (Berry, D., R01)

“Mother-Child Adjustment in Arab Immigrants & Refugees” (Templin, T., R01)

“Predicting Children’s Response to Distraction from Pain: Tailored Intervention” (McCarthy, M., R01)

“Improving Care for Dying Children & Their Families” (Demmer, C., R03)

“Creating Avenues for Parent Partnership (CAPP)” (Buelow, J., R21)

Additional Sources of Funding for Pediatric Research - Nursing Organizations

American Nurses Foundation (http://www.anfonline.org) 23 separate awards 3k – 25K One (Hyundai Motor America) with pediatric focus

(7.5K) One (CANS) with new investigator focus (20k)

Sigma Theta Tau (http://www.nursingsociety.org/Research) Small grants program (5K) Multiple co-sponsored grants One (Rosemary Berkel Crisp) with pediatric focus

Additional Sources of Funding for Pediatric Research – Nursing Specialty Organizations

Oncology Nursing Society (http://www.ons.org/awards/foundawards) Multiple awards Small (10k) and large awards (50k)

National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners Foundation (http://www.napnap) Two awards (2.5k); one student award (1k) Priority areas specified

Additional Sources of Funding for Pediatric Research – Nursing Specialty Organizations, cont.

National Association of School Nurses (http://www.nasn.org) 2.5-5k Priority areas specified

International Society of Nurses in Genetics (http://www.isong.org) One award (1.5k)

Society of Pediatric Nurses (https://www.pedsnurses.org) One award (1k)

Additional Sources of Funding for Pediatric Research – Nursing Specialty Organizations, cont.

American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (http://aanpfoundation.org) Multiple project & research grants (4-8k) Practicing NP grants DNP capstone project & doctoral dissertation

grants (2k)

Association of Camp Nurses (http://www.campnurse.org) $500 maximum; total $750 awarded annually

Additional Sources of Funding for Pediatric Research – Foundations

Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (http://www.cff.org/research/) Originate from accredited CF care center 100k annual direct; up to three years; single center;

225k annual direct; multi-center

National Hemophilia Foundation Designated nursing research grant Graduate student or practitioner One award; 13.5k

Additional Sources of Funding for Pediatric Research – Foundations

Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation (http://www.alexslemonade.) Quality of life for children with cancer & their families Three each – nursing small (10k) & mid-level (20k)

grants; One large (50k) grant

Juvenile Diabetes Foundation (http://www.jdrf.org) Physiological emphasis; some interest in prevention

& translation Multiple funding mechanisms – research & career

development (150-165k annually); pre-doctoral , post-doctoral.

Strategies for Developing a Successful Proposal

Identify an appropriate funding source & mechanism

Write a compelling, scientifically sound proposal

Significance & design Special

considerations in pediatric research

Teamwork

Identifying a Funding Source

Look for a match between your idea, the mission and funding emphases of the agency.

Example: NINR lists the following areas of emphasis: Promoting health & preventing disease Improving quality of life Eliminating health disparities Setting direction for end-of-life research

And, areas of science Neuroscience, genetics, & symptom management Child & family health, & health disparities Immunology, infectious disease, & chronic disorders Acute & long-term care, end-of-life, & training

Identifying an Appropriate NIH Funding Mechanisms

The NIH alphabet C,D,E,F,G,H,I,K,L,M,P,R,S,T,U,V,X,Z

F – FellowshipsK – Faculty DevelopmentR – ResearchT – Institutional Training

F is for Fellowship

Support for predoctoral students (F31) – Tuition & stipend

Support for postdoctoral students (F32) – Tuition & stipend

Propose training & research plan

Importance of sponsor

K is for Faculty Development

Nursing (K01,K23, K24, K99) – Focus on mentored experience and transition to independent scientist

CTSA (KL2) – Focus on newly trained scientists and interdisciplinary training

Training and research component

Dedicated time to develop as a researcher – usually two-three years

K-Award Wizard - http://grants1.nih.gov/training/kwizard/index.htm

R is for Research

R03 – small grant to support pilot, feasibility, and methods developmentOne-two years$50K per year direct

R15 – small projects involving students; usually conducted at non-research intensive universitiesOne-three years$150k direct total

R is for Research, cont.

R21 – innovative research in the developmental phaseOne-two yearsUsually 275K direct total

R01 – major studies that build on preliminary findingsUsually three-five yearsNo maximum; advanced permission for

$500K direct in a single year

T is for Training

Institutionally-based training for pre & post-doctoral students

Focused on a specified area of nursing science (e.g. symptom management; health care quality & patient outcomes)

Tuition & stipend

Program Announcements (PAs) &Requests for Applications (RFAs)

Program Announcement (PA) Area of increased priority Funding mechanism specified Usual submission cycle Usually active for three years; may be reissued Reviewed by CSR study section

Browse … http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/

search_results.htm?year=active&scope=pa

Program Announcements (PAs) & Requests for Applications (RFAs)

Request for Application (RFA)Identifies defined area of interest for

which one or more institutes has set aside funds

Specifies single receipt dateReviewed by a SEP

Browse …http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/search_results.htm?year

=active&scope=rfa

Active NIH Program Announcements & Requests for Applications Focusing on Pediatric Research

77 announcements with NINR as a participating organization

Multiple funding mechanisms

R01, R21, R03

Varying expiration dates

Example Program Announcements

“Research on Emergency Medical Services for Children” (PAR-09-017, R01)

“Reducing Risk Behaviors by Promoting Positive Youth Development” (PA-08-220, R01)

“Decision Making in Cancer: Single-Event Decisions” (PA-08-063, R01; 064, R21)

Example Program Announcements

“School-based Interventions to Prevent Obesity” (PA-07-180, R01)

“Influence of Religiosity & Spirituality on Health Risk Behaviors in Children”

(PA-06-402, R03; 403, R21)

“Methodology & Measurement in the Behavioral & Social Sciences”

(PAR-08-212, R01; 213, R21)

Writing a Compelling Proposal (Grey, 2000; Knafl & Deatrick, 2005)

Address an important problem

Dream big; start small

Write to your passion, but listen to the RFA/PA

Show how your variables fit together; justify your qualitative approach

Write, write again, critique & write again

Address an Important Problem

What makes an of research important? Incidence & prevalence Human & social costsContributions to science

& health care

Pediatric vs. family research problems

Dream Big; Start Small

Choose an appropriate funding mechanism for the state of the science

Choose an appropriate funding mechanism for stage of career development

Start Small funding mechanisms

Write to Your Passion; Respond to the RFA/PA

Pay attention to: Example topics Research

objectives Funding

mechanism(s) Special

requirements & instructions

Show How Variables Fit Together/Justify Approach

Appropriate conceptual frameworks for pediatric researchPediatric vs. family frameworksEstablished vs. literature-based

frameworksLink aims, framework, & measures

Appropriate approaches for pediatric research

Write, Rewrite, & Embrace Criticism

Write for the expert & the novice

Anticipate criticism Non-categorical

pediatric research Developmental issues

in pediatric research

Assemble a team with the requisite expertise

Questions & Discussion

THE UNIVERSITY of NORTH CAROLINA at CHAPEL HILL