project tiger,project lion,crocodile breeding

SINGLE SPECIES,SINGLE HABITAT

CONSERVATION PROGRAMMES

CLASSIFICATION

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordate

Subphylum : Vertebrate

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Family: Felidae

Genus: Panthera

Species: P. Tigris

PROJECT TIGER IS A WILDLIFE CONSERVATION MOVEMENT INITIATED IN INDIA IN 1973 TO PROTECT TIGER,IT HAS BEEN ONE OF OUR MOST SUCCESSFUL COSERVATION VENTURES IN RECENT TIMES.

THE PROJECT AIMS AT THE TIGER CONSERVATION ESPECIALLY IN ‘TIGER RESERVES’ WHICH ARE REPRESENTATIVES OF VARIOUS BIO GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS FALLING WITHIN INDIA.

THE PROJECT AIMS AT STABLIZING THE POPULATION OF THE TIGER IN THE COUNTRY.

PROJECT TIGER

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

THE PROJECT TIGER WAS MEANT TO

INDENTIFY THE LIMITING FACTORS AND TO

MITIGATE THEM USING SUITABLE

MANAGEMENT.

THE DAMAGES DONE TO THE HABITAT

WERE TO BE RECTIFIED SO AS TO

FACILITATE THE RECOVERY OF THE

ECOSYSTEM TO THE MAXIMUM POSSIBLE

EXTENT.

IT STRIVES TO MAINTIAN A VIABLE TIGER

POPULATIONIN THE NATURAL

ENVIRONMENT.

FACTS FILE IN 2008 THERE WRE MORE THAN 40

PROJECT TIGER RESERVES COVERING AN

AREA OF 37,761 sq km.

PROJECT TIGER HELPED TO INCREASE

THE POPULATION OF THESE TIGERS

FROM 1,200 IN THE 1970s TO 3,500 IN

1990s.

HOWEVER A SERVEY DONE IN 2008

SHOWED THAT THE POPULATION OF

TIGERS HAVE DROPPPED TO 1,411.

HABITATS BEING COVERED

The potential tiger habitats being covered are:•Sivalik– Terai Conservation Unit (UTTRANCHAL, UP, BIHAR & WEST BANGAL) & NEPAL•North east Conservation Unit•SUNDARBANS Conservation Unit•Central Indian Conservation Unit•Eastern Ghat Conservation Unit•Western GHAT Conservation Units

TECHNOLOGY USED

'Tiger Atlas of India' and a 'Tiger Habitat and Population Evaluation System' for the country is being developed using state-of-the-art technology.

This involves:-•Mapping, data acquisition and GIS modeling•Field data collection and validation•Data Maintenance, dissemination and use

GIS MODELING Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has revolutionized the world of mapping. GIS allows us to link

endless amounts of information to a specific geographic location and helps us answer questions and solve problems by looking at data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared.  GIS does this by organizing information into categories and then placing each category in a separate map layer. The layers are then overlaid to produce a composite map showing the relationship between the layers.

  GIS can help inform the decisions that planners either make or help their local decision-makers to make. The following is a short list of planning functions that can use GIS to enhance decision making: Zoning and land use planning Crime analysis and prevention Traffic analysis Issuing of permits Code inspection and enforcement Natural resource management and environmental assessment Demographic analysis Emergency management planning and disaster recovery Public health and healthcare access Tax assessment and collection Parks and open space planning Transportation and public transit planning Historic preservation Planning applications of GIS can be organized into three categories: planning, operations, and public

information. 

ORGANIZATION

•Project Tiger is administrated by the NATIONAL TIGER CONSERVATION AUTHORITY•The overall administration of the project is monitored by a Steering Committee. •A Field Director is appointed for each reserve, who is assisted by the field and technical personnel. At the centre, a full-fledged Director of the project coordinates the work for the country

CURRENT STATUS OF TIGER IN INDIA •India holds over half the world's tiger population. •According to the latest tiger census report released on March 28, 2011 by the National Tiger Conservation Authority, the current tiger population estimated is 1,706 (i.e. ranging between a minimum of 1,571 to a maximum of 1,875).

•The results include figures from 17 Indian states with a tiger population

GRADING THE TIGER RESERVES

0102030405060708090

100

Perc

ent o

f Max

imum

Sco

re

Very good Score >135 (>75%) Maximum Score = 180Good Score 108 – 134 (>60 - <75 %)Satisfactory Score 72 – 107 (40 - <60 %)Poor Score <72 (<40 %)

PENALTIES

A general offence under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, attracts a maximum sentence of three years imprisonment or a fine which may extend to Rs. 25,000 or both.

An offence involving a species listed in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II, or an offence committed within a sanctuary or natural park, attracts a mandatory prison term of three years, which may extend to seven years. There is also a mandatory fine of at least Rs. 10,000. For a subsequent offence, the prison term remains the same, while the mandatory fine is at least Rs.25,000.

WORLD TIGER POPULATION

SUCCESS RATE OF PROJECT TIGER •It was merely months back when the Indian government pulled up their socks and did a census revealing a staggering low number of 1411 tigers left in open.

•All the media and eco-conservationists turned their heads towards India and started a campaign “Project Tiger” dedicating the year 2010 to the Tiger savior year.

•In 2011 statement by Jayaram Ramesh, member of Indian cabinet, declared good signs with the tiger population of 1700+

WPSI'S TIGER POACHING STATISTICSThe WILDLIFE PROTECTION SOCIETY OF INDIA (WPSI) found the following statistics about the poaching of tigers in in INDIA since 1994 -:  95 cases of tigers known to have been killed in 1994   121 tigers killed in 1995   52 tigers killed in 1996  88 tigers killed in 1997   39 tigers killed in 1998  81 tigers killed in 1999  52 tigers killed in 2000  72 tigers killed in 2001  46 tigers killed in 2002  38 tigers killed in 2003  38 tigers killed in 2004  46 tigers killed in 2005  37 tigers killed in 2006  27 tigers killed in 2007  29 tigers killed in 2008  32 tigers killed in 2009  30 tigers killed in 2010  13 tigers killed in 2011

PROJRCT GIR LIONS

CLASSIFICATION

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordate

Subphylum : Vertebrate

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Family: Felidae

Sub Family Pantherinae

Genus P. Leo Persica

PROJECT GIR LION

Project Gir Lion established in1965 Nawab Sir Muhammad Rasul Khanji Babi

declared Gir as a "protected" area in 1900.. Total area of 1,412 km2 (545 sq mi) (about

258 km2 (100 sq mi) for the fully protected area the national park .

1,153 km2 (445 sq mi) for the Sanctuary), the park is located 43 km (27 mi) north-east ofSomnath, 65 km (40 mi) south-east of Junagadh and 60 km (37 mi) south-west of Amreli.

Main objective of this project to organization of the asiatic lions.

OBJECTIVES AND GOALS

  Asiatic lions, rescued from near extinction, now need a new home.

Last of the world's Asiatic lions clawing their way back.

Plea to protect Asiatic lions.

HISTORY The forest area of Gir were the hunting

grounds of the Nawabs of Junagadh. Faced with a drastic drop in the lion

population in Gir, Nawab Sir Muhammad Rasul Khanji Babi declared Gir as a "protected" area in 1900.

His son, Nawab Muhammad Mahabat Khan III  later assisted in the conservation of the lions whose population had plummeted to only 20 through slaughter for trophy hunting.

WORK DONE

The 1,600 km area is secured as national park for gir lions.

In 1963 with 285 lions the populations reached to 523 lions in 2015.

PROJECT GIR LION is one of most succesfull project.

Sasan gir park is the big hub of Asiatic lion in the Asia.

TECHNOLOGY USED•Mapping, data acquisition and GIS modeling•Field data collection and validation•Data Maintenance, dissemination and use.

CURRENT STATUS OF ASIAN LIONS . In 2015, the population has been 523

(27% up compared to previous census in 2010).

The population was 411 in 2010 and 359 in 2005. The population of lions in Junagadh District has been 268.

At present there are 109 males, 201 females and 213 young/cubs.

But still The Asiatic lion is a protected species in India and is considered "endangered" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

GRAPH DATA

ORGANIZATION PROJECT GIR LIONS administrated by the

Gujarat State Wildlife Board (GSWF), and Government of India and other private NGO(prakurti).

The overall administration of the project is monitored by national and state government steering committee.

A Field Director is appointed for the national park by government of India.

The Asiatic lion is a protected species in India and is considered "endangered" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

.

PENALTIES offence under the Wild Life

(Protection) Act, 1972, attracts a maximum sentence of three years imprisonment or a fine which may extend to Rs. 25,000 or both.

An offence involving a species listed in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II, or an offence committed within a sanctuary or natural park, attracts a mandatory prison term of three years, which may extend to seven years.

There is also a mandatory fine of at least Rs. 10,000. For a subsequent offence, the prison term remains the same, while the mandatory fine is at least Rs.25,000.

CONSEQUENCES Lion show family behavior ,they have

their own troop with dominating male with other female lions and young ones.

Therefore they have their own territory. Almost 100 of lions lives outside of

secured area of park. Near the 6 km range area of park

villages are there. Normally the lions doesn’t attack

humans but sometimes they come to hunt domestic animals.

~ Measures Taken & Govt & NGO’s ~ Wildlife Conservation Trust are the first NGO to sign MoU

with the Forest Department to barricade Open Wells. In association with other NGOs and Corporate, they have completed barricading 781 Wells.

Currently WCT are working with TATA Chemicals Ltd, ‘Lions of Gir Foundation – USA’ by US citizen Mr. Steve Mandel and Vanishing Herds Foundation for barricading more wells.

Along similar lines to the Sunder bans Tiger Project that DSWF supported through emergency funding in 2001, DSWF is now providing funds to help train and equip the forest guards as well as sponsoring research carried out by the Wildlife Trust of India.

Recent funding has helped enhance the capacity of the frontline field staff by training them in wildlife crime prevention techniques to ensure that they are better prepared to tackle the crisis.

CROCODILE BREEDING PROJECT

ClassificationScientific

NameCrocodylus

Porosus

Phylum Chordata

Class: Reptilia

Superorder: Crocodylomorpha

Order: Crocodylia

Superfamily: Crocodyloidea

Family: Crocodylidae

CROCODILE BREEDING PROJECT First crocodile breeding project

programme was implements in odisha in 1975.

All three species of crocodiles 1.(Gharial,Gavialis,gangeticus,mugger)

2.Crocodylus Palustris. 3.Saltwater crocodile. This project enactment of the wildlife

protection act 1972.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES To protect the remaining population

of crocodiles in their natural habitat by creating sancturies.

To rebuild natural population quickly throw grow and release or rear or release technique involving.

To promote capative breeding. To take up research to improve

management.

Reproduction Breeding season for crocodiles usually

begins in late September. In captivity the breeding season begins in

August During this time, the cross, male and

female both, become very aggressive and territorial

There are generally between 40-60 laid eggs

Eggs hatch 65-95 days later after laid Not many eggs survive due to floods

and predatorshttp://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/saltwater-crocodile/

WHY TO ESTABLISH THIS PROJECT ? Many eggs don’t survive because

are preyed by other animals . They are on the top of the food

chain, so little to worry about !! Second thing humans regard them

as a threat to humans and live stock.

Other side they hunt them for illegal hunting for leather.

PROJECT SITE IN ODISHA In 1976 in odisha the crocodile

conducted in river system of bhitakanika area and mahanadi .

The gharials, crocodiles, mugger capative breeding done here.

Main objective of building the population of sighting be 5 to 6 crocodiles per km length in water.

Baula Project at Dangamal ‘Baula’ is the oriya terms which

means saltwater crocodile. At dangmal in bhitarkanika

sanctuary salt water crocodile eggs has been collected locally and young ones released in creeks or estuaries.

MUGGER PROJECT AT RAMATIRTHA Started in 1984 mainly care and

rare the mugger and then released.

GHARIAL PROJECT AT TIKARPADA Eggs areobtained from different points

from narayni,kali rivers in nepal and chambal,rajasthan and M.P and U.P.

One assessments of the rear and released operation in respect of gharials.in december 1987 when 25 gharials were found to be surviving the entire stretch of the river

After that from 2003 the survey done to increase the population of gharials near river side.

ORGANIZATION The UNDP/FAO and government of

India proceed or funding this project.

The government of India establish the breeding center .

There is a national madras herpetology center for crocodile breeding.