If Clause

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GRAMMAR

Conditional

Zero Conditional First Conditional Second Conditional Third Conditional Mixed Conditionals

Zero Conditional

Functionto show a condition and consequence that are always true

FormulaIf + Present simple, present simple

If + S + V1, S + V1

Example

If you walk too fast at high altitude, you get really short of breath.

There are easier things to do if you want to raise money for charity.

Zero Conditional

First Conditional

Functionto show which thing is more likely to happen

FormulaIf + Present simple, S + Future simple

If + S + V1, S +Will/won’t + V1

Example

If I have time later, I’ll upload some of the photos on to the blog.

I won’t be able to play the game tomorrow if I am feeling this ill.

First Conditional

Second Conditional Function

to show imaginaryto show consequence to show something that unlikely happento give advice

FormulaIf + Past simple, Past Future

If + S + V2, S + Would/wouldn’t + V1

ExampleIf I was fitter, I wouldn’t find this so hard.

I wouldn’t sleep so badly if it wasn’t so cold at night.

Second Conditional

Third Conditional Function

To show regrets from in the pastTo speculate what would happen in the pastto criticize what someone or we do in the past

FormulaIf + past perfect , past future perfect

If + S + Had + V3 , S+ would/wouldn’t + have +V3

Example

if we’d played any longer, someone would have got hurt

I wouldn’t have made so many new friends if I hadn’t agreed to come on this trip

Third Conditional

Mixed Conditionals

Rules

When we want to talk about the past consequence of a situation that is still true at the time of speaking, we use a second conditional in the of clause and third conditional in the main clause.

If + S + V2, S + Would/wouldn’t + have + V3

Rules

When we want to talk about the present consequence of a past action we use a third conditional in the if clause and the second conditional in the main clause

If + S + had + V3, S + Would/wouldn’t + V1

Mixed Conditionals

Example

If I had gone to the party last night, I would be feeling so tired today

If I were rich, I would have bought that Ferrari we saw yesterday. 

Mixed Conditionals

1. If I _____ (be)  stronger, I _______ (help) you carry the piano.

2. If we ______ (see) you, we ____________(stop).3. If we ________ (meet) him tomorrow, we ______ (say)

hello.4. He _________ (repair) the car himself if he ________ (have)

the tools.5. If you_______ (drop) the vase, it _________ (break).6. If I _______ (not study), I _________ (not pass) the exam.7. I _________ (not go) to school by bus if I _______ (have) a

driving licence.8. If she _______ (not see) him every day, she _______ (be)

lovesick.9. I ________(not travel)to London if I _______(not get)a

cheap flight.10. We _______(be) stupid if we _______ (tell)him about our

secret.

1. I ______(be) a millionaire now if I _______(take) that job.2. If _______ (catch) that plane ________(die) now.3. If ________ (not spend) all your money on CDs, you ______

(not break).4. If I _______(speak) better English, I ________(have) got the

job5. If you _______ (be) smarter, you ________(borrow) money

in the first place.6. If we ________(follow) the sign, we _______(not be) lost

now. 7. If you ________(drink) less last night, you _______(not have)

a hangover. 8. If she _____(not be) afraid of flying, she _____(not

travelled) by boat.9. I ________(be)able to translate the letter if my Italian

_______(be) better.10. If I ______ (be) a good cook, I _______(invite)them to lunch.

VOCABULARY

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