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L.S.M. Govt. P.G. COLLEGE PITHORAGARH

METHODS OF SCIENCE TEACHING.

VARIOUS METHODS OF TEACHING BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE.LECTURE METHODDEMONSTRATION METHODPROJECT METHODLABORATORY METHODPROBLEM SOLVING METHODHEURISTIC METHODASSIGNMENT METHODHISTORICAL METHOD

1. LECTURE METHODTHE OBJECTIVE OF TEACHING IS TO GAIN

MASTERY ONLY OVER CONTENT.FOCAL POINT IS THE TEACHER.HE REMAINS ACTIVE.STUDENTS ARE PASSIVE LISTENERS.

MERITS OF LECTURE METODUSEFUL FROM ECONOMIC VIEWPOINT.TIME SAVING.EASIER AND MORE CONVENIENT.MORE USEFULSATISFACTORY.

DEMERITSUNPSYCHOLOGICAL METHOD.DOES NOT CULTIVATE THE POWER OF

OBSERVATION.DOES NOT DEVELOP THE POWER OF

INDEPENDENT THINKING, POWER OF ENQUIRY IN STUDENTS.

STUDENTS FULLY DEPENDENT ON TEACHER.

2. DEMONSTRATION METHOD.A TEACHER DEMONSTRATES EXPERIMENT

BEFORE STUDENTS AND ANALYSE DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF THAT EXPERIMENT.

TEACHING IS NOT ONE SIDED AS STUDENTS ALSO COOPERATE IN THIS METHOD.

MERITSPSYCHOLOGICAL METHOD.SAVES TIME AS MANY GENERALIZATIONS

CAN BE DONE WITHIN A LIMITED TIME.FAR LESS EXPENSIVE METHOD.

DEMERITSNO PLACE FOR INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE.NO PLACE FOR LEARNING BY DOING.MOST OF THE TIME ONLY TEACHER

REMAINS ACTIVE.STUDENTS DO NOT GET AN OPPORTUNITY

TO DO AN ACTIVITY THEMSELVES.

3. PROJECT METHODFATHER OF THIS METHOD IS W.H.

KILPATRICK.A PROJECT IS A VOLUNTARY WORK IN

WHICH POSITIVE OUTCOMES ARE OBTAINED BY CRITICAL THINKING EFFORT.

TYPE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE.ESSENCE OF THIS METHOD IS LEARNING

BY DOING.

MERITPSYCHOLOGICAL METHODRETENTION OF LEARNINGSUITABLE FOR MENTAL DEVELOPMENTSELF DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTEQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR

DEVELOPMENT.

DEMERITEXPENSIVE.UNSYSTEMATIC TEACHINGAPPROPRIATE EVALUATION NOT

POSSIBLEINTENSIVE STUDY OF SUBJECT NOT

POSSIBLE.

4.LABORATORY METHODUNDER THIS METHOD STUDENTS ARE

KEPT IN SUCH A SITUATION WHERE THEY GATHER FACTS AND VERIFY THESE FACTS ON THE BASIS OF EXPERIMENT AND OBSERVATION.

MERITSTUDENTS LEARN BY SELF-ACTIVITY.METHOD MAKE SCIENTIFIC THEORIES

AND EXPERIMENTS MORE MEANINGFUL.STUDENTS GENERALIZE THEMSELVES.IT CULTIVATES CRITICAL ATTITUDE.CULTIVATES SPIRIT OF COOPERATION.

DEMERITNOT USEFUL FOR THOSE TOPICS WHICH

HAVE THEORETICAL CONCLUSIONS.NOT USEFUL FOR THOSE TOPICS WHICH

CANNOT BE OBSERVED DIRECTLY.A CARELESSLY EXECUTED TASK CAN

RESULT IN AN ACCIDENT.

5.PROBLEM-SOLVING METHOD.IT IS A METHOD UNDER WHICH THE

STUDENT ATTEMPTS TO FIND OUT SOLUTION TO A PROBLEM ON THE BASIS OF HIS PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE AND THE SPECIFIC EFFORTS BEING MADE AT PRESENT

STEPS OF PROBLEM SOLVING METHOD1. CONFRONTING WITH THE PROBLEM.2. COMPREHENDING THE PROBLEM.3. COLLECTING RELEVENT DATA.4. ANALYSING THE COLLECTED DATA.5. FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS.6. DRAWING INFERENCES.7. APPLYING THE ACCEPTED HYPOTHESIS.

MERITSCIENTIFIC METHOD.PSYCHOLOGICAL METHOD.DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL FACULTIES.PRACTICABLE AND USEFUL.

DEMERITDIFFICULT TASK.IMPRACTICABLE.PRACTICAL DIFFICULTIES.

6.HEURISTIC METHODTHIS METHOD WAS PROPOUNDED BY

ARMSTRONG.HEURISTIC WORD IS DERIVED FROM

GREEK WORD “HEURISKO” WHICH MEANS TO INVESTIGATE OR FIND.

THIS METHOD IS MEANT FOR SELF INVESTIGATION.

STEPSSTATEMENT OF PROBLEM.OBSERVATION AND TABULATION OF

FACTS.STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS.TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS.CONCLUSION.

MERITSFULLY PSYCHOLOGICAL.CULTIVATION OF SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE.PUPIL TEACHER RELATIONSHIP.PERMANENT KNOWLEDGE.DISCIPLINE.

DEMERITNOT SUITABLE FOR STUDENTS OF SMALL

AGE.PROCESS OF ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE IS

VERY SLOW.IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO TEACH ALL

TOPICS BY THIS METHOD.MASS EDUCATION IS NOT POSSIBLE BY

THIS METHOD.

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