Teaching Strategies for Facilitating Positive Motivational Processes in Learning

Teaching Strategies For Facilitating Positive

Motivational Processes In Learning (Lesson Planning: Designing and Assessment

Activities)

Presented by Roxanne Joie V. Deang

BSE II - Math

Contents:

Definition of a Lesson PlanImportance of a Lesson PlanParts of a Lesson PlanSuggestions in making Lesson PlansTeaching Strategies in Lesson Planning

Engineer/ Architect

Teacher ?

The Lesson Plan

An engineer or an architect usually has a blueprint of the bridge or building to be constructed.

And a teacher also needs a blueprint of what he intends to build – whether this be attitudes, habits, skills or knowledge. The lesson plan is the teacher’s blueprint.

A lesson plan is an indispensable tool to a teacher.

“A lesson plan is a statement of achievements to be realized and the specific means by which these are to be attained as a result of the activities engaged in day by day under the guidance of the teacher.”

- Nelson Bossing

Why is a lesson plan important?1. A pupil’s educational growth depends on

the selection of subject matter, activities, experiences and methods adapted to his interests, needs, abilities and level of maturity.

2. A lesson plan includes framing objectives and choosing subject matter, procedures, materials and evaluation techniques. A teacher who has to do all these things is forced to prepare and organized his lessons well.

3. Making a lesson plan involves foreseeing what is likely to happen and choosing experiences that will change children for the better.

4. A lesson plan serves as a guide to the apprentice teacher. With so many things on his mind, the student teacher may forget the subject matter or its sequential organization. The lesson plan serves as a reminder.

5. Planning prevents waste of time that usually accompanies unorganized or haphazard teaching. A lesson plan helps the teacher to be systematic and orderly. It also helps him determine what is to be taken up so that it will neither be too broad nor too limited.

6. A lesson plan prevents wandering away from the subject matter by making the teacher conscious of what he has to accomplish for the day.

7. A lesson plan gives a feeling of security especially to the beginning teacher who usually feels nervous and tense.

8. The principle of self-activity applies to the learning of both teachers and pupils.

9. Lesson plans are of use not only to teachers but also principals and supervisors.

10. Past lesson plans will be of use to a substitute teacher who may take over in an emergency.

Parts of a Lesson Plan

I. Objectives

II. Subject Matter

III. Materials

IV. Procedures

V. Assignment

OBJECTIVES

Provides goals to be attained, give direction to the class discussion, and call for what outcomes to expect.

Characteristics:

S

M

A

R

T

pecific

easurable

ttainable

esult Oriented

ime Bounded

A. General – usually broad in scope and may be the objective of the course, subject or semester. It cannot be attained in one lesson.

B. Specific – usually attainable in a specific lesson and contributes to the accomplishing of the general aim.

SUBJECT MATTER

Should be stated in the lesson plan. Its sources are textbooks, library references, etc.

MATERIALS

Materials are necessary aid to teaching and should be included in the lesson plan.

Materials include teaching aids and devices, such as maps, graphs, flash cards, pictures, objects, slides, radio, TV and movies.

PROCEDURES

It is a very important part of the lesson plan. This includes both teacher and pupil activity in the detailed plan.

ASSIGNMENT

A lesson plan is incomplete without the assignment.

A good assignment insures a good recitation because it tells definitely what is to be done, how it is to be done, and why it must be done.

Suggestions in Making Lesson Plans

1.The lesson plan is an aid to teaching. -It should not be a bible to be followed to

the letter.

2. A lesson plan should not be too detailed.-Numerous details may obscure the main points and cause confusion.

3. Lessons should be planned within the time allotment for the subject.-Beginning teachers sometimes cover too much ground resulting in teaching becoming superficial and the class does not learn much.

4. The textbook should not be regarded as infallible.- After all, textbooks are made by human beings who are also subject to mistakes.

5. The lesson plan may serve as a basis for future plans and a means of evaluating the success of learning.

-A lazy teacher who teaches the same subject year after year may continue using the same plan.

“The greater the structure of a lesson and the more precise the directions on what is to be accomplished,

the higher the achievement rate.”

-Harry Wong

PREDICTIONS

Overview:

This is a fascinating way to help students become acquainted with one another. It is also an interesting experiment in first impressions.

Teaching Strategies

Procedure:

1.Form subgroups of 3 or 4 students who are relative strangers to each other.

2.Tell students that their job is to predict how each person in their group would answer certain questions you have prepared for them. Here are some all-purpose possibilities.

a. What type of music do you enjoy?b. How many hours do you usually sleep

nightly?c. How many siblings do you have and

where are you in the sibling order?

d. Where did you grow up?

e. Are your parents strict or lenient?f. What jobs have you had?

3. Have subgroups begin by selecting one person as its first “subject.” Urge group members to be specific as possible in their predictions about that person. Tell them not to be afraid of bold guesses! As they guess, ask the “subject” to give no indication of the accuracy of the prediction attempted. When others finish their predictions about the “subject,” the “subject” should then reveal the answers to each question about him or herself.

4. Have each group to take a turn as the focus person.

WHO’S IN THE CLASS?

Overview:

This popular icebreaker is a scavenger hunt for classmates rather than for objects. The hunt can be designed in a number of ways and for a class of any size. It fosters team building and gets physical movement going right at the beginning of a class.

Procedure:

1.Devise 6 to 10 descriptive statements to complete the phrase: Find someone who…

2. Include statements that identify personal information and/or class content.

Use some of these beginnings:

Find someone who…likes/enjoys _____knows what a _____ isthinks that _____is good at _____has already _____believes that _____dislikes _____has previously learned _____owns a _____wants or doesn’t want _____

THE POWER OF TWO

Overview:

This activity is used to promote cooperative learning and reinforce the importance and benefits of synergy – that is, that two heads are better than one.

Procedure:

1.Give the students one or more questions that require reflection and thinking.

2. Ask the students to answer the questions individually.

3. After the students have completed their answers, arrange into pairs and ask them to share their answers with each other.

4. Ask the pairs to create a new answer to each question, improving on each individual’s response.

5. When all pairs have written new answers, compare the answers of each pair to the others in the class.

LOOP-A-WORD

Overview:

To add to the variety of activities in the classroom, an educational game can be used. It will also provide interest to the student as they perform a learning activity.

Procedure:

1.Encircle a word or group of words in the grid which are spelled horizontally, vertically or partly horizontal and vertical. A student should encircle only a word or group of words that he or she should explain.

LL II NN EE AA PP XX TT MM ZZ

DD NN OO WW YY CC QQ UU II LL

QQ RR AA PP BB RR SS II DD EE

MM EE PP OO TT MM AA VV PP DD

EE FF UU II HH BB NN II OO UU

PP LL AA NN EE RR GG CC II CC

JJ EE FF TT OO HH LL WW NN SS

VV XX VV EE RR TT EE XX TT KK

KK II GG OO EE NN SS JJ DD HH

YY UU LL TT MM FF XX GG ZZ EE

CYCLE MAP

Overview:

A cycle concept map is a special type of events chain map. In a cycle concept map, the series of events does not produce a final outcome. Instead, the last event in the chain relates back to the initiating event.

Cycle Map For Photosynthesis

Plants undergoingPhotosynthesis

CarbonDioxide

Oxygen

Respiration in animals & plants

use

which is released by

in the presence of

which has been released by

As in the events chain map, you first decide on an initiating event and then list each event in order. Since there is no outcome and the last event relates back to the initiating event, the cycle repeats itself.

GROUP-TO-GROUP EXCHANGE

Overview:

In this strategy, different assignments are given to different groups of students. Each group then “teaches” what it has learned to the rest of the class.

Procedure:

1.Select a topic that includes different ideas, events, positions, concepts, or approaches to assign. The topic should be that promotes an exchange of views or information (as opposed to a debate).

2. Divide the class into groups. Give each sufficient time to prepare how they could present the topic they have been assigned.

3. When the preparation phase is completed, ask groups to select a spokesperson. Invite each spokesperson to address the other groups.

4. After a brief presentation, encourage students to ask questions of the presenter or to open their own views. Allow other members of the spokesperson’s group to respond.

5. Continue the remaining presentations so that each group has given its information and has responded to audience questions and comments. Compare and contrast the views and information that were exchanged.

THAT’S ALL

FOLKS…