Session 4 attitudes

Session 3

Attitudes

Individual Differences Impact Job Performance & Job Satisfaction

Values

Attitudes

Abilities

JobPerformance

JobSatisfactio

n

Attitudes

Attitudes, Behavior and Habits

• Attitudes are a precursor to behavior

• Behavior may further shape attitudes

• Habits form due to consistency of behavior over a period of time

Types of Attitudes

Job Satisfaction

• Job Satisfaction is an affective or emotional response toward various facets of one’s job

• Not a unitary concept• Varies across

countries• One of the most

frequently studied work attitudes by OB researchers

Job Satisfaction Varies Around the Globe

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Ireland

U.S.

Norway

India

Denmark

The Top Five Countries

Job Satisfaction Varies Around the Globe

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%

Hungary

Ukraine

Czech Republic

China

Estonia

The Bottom Five Countries

Causes of Job Satisfaction

•Need Fulfillment•Discrepancies— met expectations

•Value Attainment—fulfillment of an individual’s important work values

•Equity•Disposition/Genetic Components

The Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance

• Satisfaction and Productivity– Satisfied workers aren’t necessarily more productive.– Worker productivity is higher in organizations with

more satisfied workers.

• Satisfaction and Absenteeism– Satisfied employees have fewer avoidable absences.

• Satisfaction and Turnover– Satisfied employees are less likely to quit.– Organizations take actions to cultivate high

performers and to weed out lower performers.

Responses to Job Dissatisfaction

How Employees Can Express Dissatisfaction

Job Satisfaction and OCB

– Satisfied employees who feel fairly treated by and are trusting of the organization are more willing to engage in behaviors that go beyond the normal expectations of their job.

Correlates of Job Satisfaction

ModerateNegativeTardiness

WeakNegativeAbsenteeism

ModeratePositive Organizational citizenship behavior

Strength of Relationship

Direction of Relationship

Variables Related to Job Satisfaction

ModeratePositiveMotivation

StrongNegativeWithdrawal Cognitions

ModerateNegativePro-union VotingStrongNegativePerceived Stress

ModerateNegativeHeart Disease

ModerateNegativeTurnover

ModeratePositive Job performance

Organizational Commitment

•Organizational Commitment extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and its goals

•Strong relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction

•Highly correlated with job performance•Lower intentions to quit

Job Involvement

•Job Involvement extent to which an individual is immersed in his or her personal job

•Positively associated with job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intrinsic motivation

•Negatively related to intentions to quit•Positive relationship between job involvement and performance

Cognitive Dissonance

• An incompatibility between values, attitudes and / or behavior.

Positive Attitude

• What do we mean…..