Schmied The Pacific Salmon life cycle

They are in They are in troubletrouble

Art ThompsonArt Thompson

Mark HendersonMark Henderson Haida salmonHaida salmon

The “Tragedy of the Commons”

Ocean Resources are available to everyone.

Even though you may know that what you want to do is not good for future generations…….you are inclined to do so because it is in your own best interest in the short term!

2000 data… 2000 data…

Area % of HistoricRun Size

Alaska 106.7British Columbia (non-Columbia River)

Puget Sound 8.0Washington Coast 1.8Columbia Basin 1.7Oregon Coast 7.0California 5.1California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho

A keystone species = A species that has an unusually large effect on the rest of its environment comparedto its abundance.[1]

The importance of salmon runs to plants & animals in the entire NW food chain is enormous. For food – predators & scavengers (over 40 species) For nutrients – adds Nitrogen/Phosphates for growth of streamside plants, cools H2O, prevent erosion… For Income & Jobs - $1.5 B 60K jobs for Fishermen, Suppliers, truckers, restaurants, etc

Bristol Bay, Alaska

Data: Produces nearly 50% of the world’s wild sockeye salmon, Averages 37.5 million fish/year Generates hundreds of millions of dollars in economic activity, employment for over 14,000 workers

EPA Feb. 28, 2014

In the end of life In the end of life comes a new beginning!comes a new beginning!

http://www.mvihes.bc.ca/images/ERWRP/circle4.jpghttp://www.mvihes.bc.ca/images/ERWRP/circle4.jpg

http://http://www.des.water.ca.gov/images/FRP/Steelhead_Redd1.jpgwww.des.water.ca.gov/images/FRP/Steelhead_Redd1.jpg

Salmon ReddSalmon Redd

Females use their tails to create a low pressure zone to move

6-7”rocks & make their redds (nest).

Redds are about 18 – 36” deep & 25-30’ long depending on the

salmon species

http://www.mvihes.bc.ca/images/ERWRP/circle4.jpghttp://www.mvihes.bc.ca/images/ERWRP/circle4.jpg

Eyed eggsEyed eggs

http://http://www.des.water.ca.gov/images/FRP/Steelhead_Redd1.jpgwww.des.water.ca.gov/images/FRP/Steelhead_Redd1.jpg

Salmon mating on Salmon ReddSalmon mating on Salmon Redd

Eggs from each mating are covered up by the female. A new part

of the redd is dug just downstreamKeeping silt off the older eggs

o Total amount of degrees above freezing (energy) young salmon accumulate over time.

o Predicts time to hatch, emerge from redd, etc. ATU = Day’s H2O temp F° – 32F° = ____ ATU

Ex: 39F° - 32F°= 7 ATU Using 7 ATU/Day:COHO SALMON Atu’s in F° Number Days to:To eyed stage 220 31.5To hatch 400-500 57 - 71To emergence 700-800 100 - 114

Mud and Sand cover the salmon eggs.

Toxic run off from streets & lawn chemicals. Floods disturb the redd,leaving eggs exposed to predators.

In rainstorms, the streets become small streams. Non permeable

Note: Fish are camouflaged on top & bottom!

http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/BPANews/Library/images/fish/Chinook_Smolts.jpg

Fish Ladder

http://npsrp.weebly.com/salmonid-mortality.html

Northern Pikeminnow Double Crested Cormorant

Sculpin Caspian Terns

http://www.wdfw.wa.gov/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=130385http://www.wdfw.wa.gov/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=130385

Provides food - Eagles, Crows, mammals & scavengers / insects worms etc.Provides nutrients – adds Nitrogen/Phosphates etc for growth of streamside plants

Klamath River

Columbia River

Solutions

But No Easy

Answers!

Richard Shorty

We all want to Save the Salmon We all want to Save the Salmon and protect our and protect our Environment…!Environment…!

Danny Dennis

Schmied The Pacific Salmon life cycle

Education

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