NS1 2.4 Relationships

UNIT 2 CHAPTER 4

Relationships

Building on Respect

If you are in a library, you don’t talk loudly out of respect.

Respect for others is the foundation of our

civilized culture.

If you own a dog, you keep it off your neighbors’ lawn out of respect.

Respect

The attention, regard, and

consideration given to people

and their rights, property, and

Respect means accepting

differences—tolerating and valuing

other people and their customs,

culture, attitudes, and beliefs.

A. Trust in ourselves

B. Passion for service

C. Respect for others

D. Education for all

On what foundation does our civilized

culture rest?

A. Trust in ourselves

B. Passion for service

C. Respect for others

D. Education for all

On what foundation does our civilized

culture rest?

Establishing and Demonstrating Mutual

Respect

You may have heard some people say that “respect is earned.” To be effective, a leader must earn respect from the members of his or her group.

Americans believe

that every human

being has basic,

inherent value and

rights.

The Declaration of Independence...

"...all men are created equal...with

certain unalienable Rights…"

This means that people don’t need to “earn”

these things; they are born with them and

cannot justly be deprived of them.

As a citizen, you are

obliged to respect the

rights of others;

likewise, they as citizens

are obliged to do the

same for you.

Respect must be returned; it must be mutual. It is the two-way relationship that develops after the lines of communication are open and trust develops between people or groups.

Mutual respect is what makes all relationships run smoothly—between friends, student and teacher, husband and wife, or any other group of people.

Supervisor

Police Officer Family

TeacherFriends

A. Preamble to the U.S. Constitution

B. Monroe Doctrine

C. Declaration of Independence

D. Emancipation Proclamation

What historical document states, “We

hold these truths to be self-evident,

that all Men are created equal”?

A. Preamble to the U.S. Constitution

B. Monroe Doctrine

C. Declaration of Independence

D. Emancipation Proclamation

What historical document states, “We

hold these truths to be self-evident,

that all Men are created equal”?

People develop respect for others when they

feel that others respect their personal

dignity.

The internal strength that helps

people feel connected,

worthwhile, and valued

Personal Dignity

Personal dignity is closely linked to a

person’s self-worth. A lack of respect

breaks down personal dignity.

A breakdown of respect leads to a number

of negative social behaviors, including:

• Crime

• Suicide• Politicaldiscontent

• Familydisruption

• Substanceabuse

• Childneglect

Respect is a powerful

force, and a society

cannot function if its

members do not

establish and practice

mutual respect.

Can you think of any

examples of societies

or groups in which a

lack of mutual respect

led to upheaval or

disaster?

A. personal dignity

B. mutual respect

C. inherent rights

D. tolerance for others

When a person experiences the

strength that comes from feeling

connected, worthwhile, and valued,

he/she has _______.

A. personal dignity

B. mutual respect

C. inherent rights

D. tolerance for others

When a person experiences the

strength that comes from feeling

connected, worthwhile, and valued,

he/she has _______.

Ways of Showing Respect

The easiest way to show respect is simply

to be courteous or use your manners.

Showing respect can be as simple as saying:

• “Please” when you ask for something

• “Thank you” when you receive something

• “Excuse me” if you accidentally bump into

someone

• “Yes (or no) sir” or “Yes (or no) ma’am” to

adults

• “Good morning” or “Good afternoon,”

especially to people older than you are.

Other examples of personal respect include:

• Holding the door for an elderly person or a

• Standing when an older person enters the

• Not interrupting people

• Not using a cell phone while you’re

conversing with someone face-to-face

• Not chewing gum or eating loudly while

conversing with someone

• Taking off your hat or cap when you’re

indoors

• Taking off a glove before you shake

someone’s hand

• Removing your sunglasses before

speaking to someone.

Other examples of personal respect include:

You show respect on a professional as well

as personal basis by:

• Dealing with people in a cooperative way

• Communicating clearly

• Listening actively

• Giving constructive feedback

• Being flexible

• Creating opportunities to teach and learn

• Sharing behaviors and feelings

• Viewing situations as win-win scenarios

• Using inclusive language (for example,

saying “we” instead of “you” or “they”).

You show respect on a professional as well

as personal basis by:

A. adapt to the situation

B. refrain from talking

C. imitate another person

D. use your manners

To show respect on a personal level,

you can simply _______.

A. adapt to the situation

B. refrain from talking

C. imitate another person

D. use your manners

To show respect on a personal level,

you can simply _______.

A. Respectful

B. Disrespectful

Is it respectful or disrespectful to wear

your sunglasses when talking to

someone?

A. Respectful

B. Disrespectful

Is it respectful or disrespectful to wear

your sunglasses when talking to

someone?

The Values of Tolerance and Understanding

Tolerance means understanding and standing up for people’s differences and helping ensure that everyone receives equal treatment.

Respect for people’s differences

and values

Tolerance

You might say tolerance and mutual respectare like a two-way street. The traffic moves both ways: You show tolerance for others and they show tolerance for you.

You may encounter barriers which will hinder your ability to live and perform in a mutually respectful environment. Among these barriers are:

• Prejudice

• Discrimination

• Failure to valuediversity

A. Diversity

B. Tolerance

C. Equality

D. Allegiance

What term is used to refer to respect

for people’s differences and values?

A. Diversity

B. Tolerance

C. Equality

D. Allegiance

What term is used to refer to respect

for people’s differences and values?

Prejudice

It causes you to assume you have a person or a

situation figured out in advance—before you

even talk to the person or see the situation for

yourself.

The word PREJUDICE is exactly what it sounds

like; PRE-JUDGE.

An unfair opinion or judgment of

a person or a group of people

Prejudice

Prejudice is an

irrational way of

thinking—it doesn’t

permit reflection and

is usually based on

limited experience,

hunches, or hearsay,

rather than on facts.

Rumor; something heard from

others with no evidence that it is

Hearsay

Prejudices are so common that we sometimes take them for granted. That can be not only hurtful; it can be downright dangerous.

A. It is based on hearsay and a narrow

range of experience instead of facts.

B. It means making a decision about

someone in advance.

C. It results from rational thought and

allows for reflection.

D. It is very common and often taken

for granted.

Which of these statements is

inaccurate regarding prejudice?

A. It is based on hearsay and a narrow

range of experience instead of facts.

B. It means making a decision about

someone in advance.

C. It results from rational thought and

allows for reflection.

D. It is very common and often taken

for granted.

inaccurate regarding prejudice?

Prejudices can lead you to make blanket assumptions about an entire group of people rather than looking at them as individuals. For example, how would you respond if someone said to you, “Athletes are stupid?”

You could roll your eyes and nod, as if in

agreement, but if overcoming prejudice were

your goal, you’d respond very differently.

• Who made the statement?

• Is it someone who plays sports or not?

• Does the person know any athletes?

You’d have to think logically and ask

yourself a series of questions such as these:

• Who made the statement?

• Is it someone who plays sports or not?

• Does the person know any athletes?

• On what grounds did the person make

the claim about athletes’ intelligence?

• Does he or she have access to all

athletes’ school transcripts?

• Do you know of evidence to disprove

the claim?

• Do you know any smart athletes?

• Or have you read about any great

athletes who were also top scholars?

• If you don’t personally know any

athletes, is it a good idea to

automatically accept another person’s

opinion as fact?

A. Does this speaker have a great deal of

experience or knowledge about the subject?

B. Can I come up with any evidence of my own to

disprove the statement?

C. Should I automatically accept someone else’s

opinion as fact?

D. Have I heard anyone else say something

similar about this group of people?

If you were attempting to free yourself from

prejudice and heard someone make a statement

about a particular group of people, which of

these questions would be LEAST enlightening to

A. Does this speaker have a great deal of

experience or knowledge about the subject?

B. Can I come up with any evidence of my own to

disprove the statement?

C. Should I automatically accept someone else’s

opinion as fact?

D. Have I heard anyone else say something

similar about this group of people?

If you were attempting to free yourself from

prejudice and heard someone make a statement

about a particular group of people, which of

these questions would be LEAST enlightening to

People aren’t born

PREJUDICED.

Reasons For Prejudice

PREJUDICE is a learned trait.

Like the song from the musical South Pacific

says “You have to be taught to hate.” You

pick it up from the messages society sends.

People develop prejudices for several

reasons. One is fear. People are capable of

fearing other people, ideas, or cultures

different from their own.

True or False: Prejudice is learned, not

innate behavior.

True or False: Prejudice is learned, not

innate behavior.

Another reason for prejudice is a group’s

feelings of superiority toward members of

other groups—whether the feelings are

racial, ethnic, or religious.

Sometimes it’s a question of men

versus women.

Misunderstanding is another source of prejudice. An innocent gesture or word in

one culture can be an insult in another.

For example, in America, putting your feet up on a desk can show that you are feeling relaxed and friendly, whereas in the Middle East, showing someone the bottoms of your shoes is a grave affront to Muslims, who see the foot as unclean.

Still another reason is

perceptions of history.

People and groups

often remember the

wrongs done to them

far better than they

remember the wrongs

they’ve done to others.

Perhaps you had a bad experience with a member of another group. You then proceed to blame all members of that group for what one person did in the past.

At a broader level, many ethnic and religious groups around the world have a long history of disagreements with each other over land, resources, and political power. They’ve fought bitter wars with atrocities on both sides.

True or False: Certain gestures or

behaviors have different meanings in

different countries.

True or False: Certain gestures or

behaviors have different meanings in

different countries.

Discrimination

One danger of PREJUDICE is that it can

lead to DISCRIMINATION.

Unfair treatment based on

prejudice against a certain group

Discrimination

Discrimination is often based on perceived

traits such as:

• Skin color

• Gender

• Age.

But the possibilities are endless.

What counts are the feelings of the person

being discriminated against—and your

efforts to treat that individual no differently

than you treat anyone else.

Overweight

Left-handed

If someone compliments you on your new winter coat and says you have “discriminating taste,” that’s a good thing.

It means that you tend to seek out the quality things in life.

If someone says you’re “discriminatory” in your attitudes, watch out.

You may be picking your friends on the basis of something other than their character, actions, or personalities. You may be judging them on the basis of stereotypes.

True or False: To have discriminating

taste is to have the ability to

distinguish quality in things.

True or False: To have discriminating

taste is to have the ability to

distinguish quality in things.

A. discriminating

B. discriminatory

C. discretionary

D. discrete

To be called _______ is to be

perceived as having prejudiced views.

A. discriminating

B. discriminatory

C. discretionary

D. discrete

To be called _______ is to be

perceived as having prejudiced views.

A stereotype

can be negative

or positive. It’s a

picture you

carry around in

your head about

a thing or

person, without

ever questioning

its validity.

An idea or a concept that is based

on oversimplified assumptions or

opinions, rather than on facts

Stereotype

Are all pit bulls vicious?

Are all kittens cuddly?

Or are these labels basis on limited

experience or stories in the media?

How true are the stereotypes?

Assumptions based on stereotypes.

A pit bull is a vicious dog.

A kitten is a cuddly creature.

True or False: A stereotype is always a

negative idea or concept.

True or False: A stereotype is always a

negative idea or concept.

Diversity

When someone says that American society

values diversity, that means Americans

encourage variety and live in a society that

respects differences among people.

Variation or difference

Diversity

Since these movements, America has

made progress in granting equal rights to

all its citizens.

Women’s Suffrage

early 20th centuryCivil Rights 1950s and

Americans practice this freedom regardless of

their gender, age, race, ethnicity, national

origin, religion, family status, sexual

preference, or physical ability.

The struggle for mutual respect, however,

is still waged in the United States and all

modern countries to become more

tolerant and open societies.

A. 40s

B. 50s-60s

C. 70s

D. 80s-90s

What American decade(s) saw the

greatest progress in civil rights?

A. 40s

B. 50s-60s

C. 70s

D. 80s-90s

What American decade(s) saw the

greatest progress in civil rights?

Religious Respect

Religious intolerance has ignited conflict

after conflict throughout human history.

Jewish

slaves in

EgyptProtestants/Catholics

It’s not condoning or

condemning but just

respecting others’ rights.

Religious respect

is so important

because it

involves making

a conscious

effort to respect

the beliefs—or

nonbeliefs—of

others.

Honor for the right of other people

to hold their own personal

religious beliefs

Religious Respect

Gender Stereotypes

Have you ever heard someone say that boys

aren’t supposed to cry?

Or that girls are no good in science?

If you’re a boy, do people assume you love

sports?

If you’re a girl, does everyone assume you

like to cook?

If so, you’re experiencing gender

stereotyping.

The practice of thinking about

people in limited ways on the

basis of whether they are male

or female

Gender Stereotyping

Gender stereotypes

cover cultural, social,

psychological, and

behavioral traits of

males and females.

Gender equality is a complex issue that’s

still evolving. The United States is working

at how to be a just society—a society that

practices justice—and as a free people, it

is the duty of all Americans to seek

“justice for all.” 96

The fair and equal treatment of

everyone under the law

Justice

True or False: To have religious

respect is the same thing as

approving of a religion.

True or False: To have religious

respect is the same thing as

approving of a religion.

A. justice

B. respect

C. dignity

D. tolerance

One of the earliest American beliefs is

that in this country there should be

“_______ for all,” meaning fair and

equal treatment under the law.

A. justice

B. respect

C. dignity

D. tolerance

One of the earliest American beliefs is

that in this country there should be

“_______ for all,” meaning fair and

equal treatment under the law.

1. You build your ways of dealing with people

on the basis of false assumptions or

misleading mental images.

Gender stereotypes have at least two big

problems.

2. Gender stereotypes make clear

communication difficult, if not impossible.

Without communication, there’s no

understanding. With no understanding,

there’s no respect.

How can you avoid stereotyping people by

their gender?

• Be sensitive to language that might contain

gender stereotypes (“you guys,” “you

gals,” etc.).

• Don’t go with your gut reaction—it’s likely

to be based on preconceptions.

• Take time to think.

• Avoid using hurtful words or expressions.

• Don’t fall victim to peer pressure.

• View everyone as an equal.

In the spirit of mutual

respect, you need to

be open-minded.

Respect the ideas of

adults in your life as

well as those of your

friends, then form your

own opinions.

Think for yourself on gender issues.

A. feeling

B. discussion

C. understanding

D. empathy

Gender stereotyping makes it hard to

communicate, and without

communication, there can be no

_______, and therefore no respect.

A. feeling

B. discussion

C. understanding

D. empathy

Gender stereotyping makes it hard to

communicate, and without

communication, there can be no

_______, and therefore no respect.

Demonstrating Tolerance

Overcoming prejudice and discrimination

begins with each individual, and the goal

is to see people as people.108

How do you know if you are showing

tolerance and understanding towards other

people? Ask yourself: Am I treating them

the way I would want them to treat me?109

How would you feel if others made fun of:

• your skin color

• ethnic background

• hair color

• religion

• the region of the U.S. you are from?

How would you feel if you were denied:

• a place on the team

• an education

• a job

• an opportunity

simply because someone decided you

belonged to the “wrong” group?

How would you feel if others refused:

• To be friends with you

• To eat in the school cafeteria with you

• To live in the same neighborhood with

you because of their prejudice?

If you wouldn’t like other people doing that

to you, don’t do it to them. That’s the

foundation of tolerance and mutual respect.

Share our similarities

Celebrate our differences

Tolerance and Mutual Respect

A. “Is this how they would treat me?”

B. “Is this the way I would like to be

treated?”

C. “Do they seem satisfied with this

treatment from me?”

D. “Is this how I would treat someone

else?”

What question will help you decide if

you are showing tolerance to others?

A. “Is this how they would treat me?”

B. “Is this the way I would like to be

treated?”

C. “Do they seem satisfied with this

treatment from me?”

D. “Is this how I would treat someone

else?”

What question will help you decide if

you are showing tolerance to others?

Improving Group Effectiveness

Establishing mutual respect, being tolerant,

and valuing diversity are important for

individuals, but they’re equally important at

the group or organizational level.117

Working Toward Common Goals

Did you ever push two bar magnets around

on a tabletop?

What happened as you brought them closer

together?

Either the magnets flipped away from each

other the closer you placed them, or they

snapped together, forming a bond.

All magnets are polarized—they have a

south pole and a north pole. One pole is

positive, and the other is negative.

If you bring

two positive

or two

negative

together,

the magnets

repel each

other.

If you put a negative and a positive pole

close to each other, the magnets attract

each other.

You can compare members of a team or

group with magnets. If group members can’t

communicate clearly and see a common

goal, they tend to lack trust and respect for

each other. Nothing productive will happen.

Members of a group or team bond and are

ready to produce results when they have a

clearly defined common goal and are able to

communicate their plan of action to achieve

that goal.

A. Tolerance

B. Success

C. Empathy

D. Bonding

What is the result on a group if there

is a clear goal and good

communication about the plan of

action?

A. Tolerance

B. Success

C. Empathy

D. Bonding

What is the result on a group if there

is a clear goal and good

communication about the plan of

action?

Benefits of Accepting Differences

People often find it difficult to accept other

people’s differences, and it seems to put

them at odds with each other.

The benefits of accepting other people’s

differences outweigh the drag that

prejudicial thinking puts on team

performance.

No team can be whole while any of its members holds wrong assumptions, false impressions, and stereotypes about fellow team members.

The best team is unified!

Communication is key to breaking down

the barriers and accepting others’

differences. 129

Tapping the talents, ideas, experiences, and ingenuity of a diverse group of people is very productive.

A. energetic

B. intelligent

C. unified

D. organized

A team functions best if the members

are _______.

A. energetic

B. intelligent

C. unified

D. organized

A team functions best if the members

are _______.

A diverse group of people must trust and listen to each other. They must not only accept but also value their differences.

Diversity is a strength!

Remember the Titans

T. C. Williams High School in Alexandria,

Virginia.

Evaluating and Measuring Group

Effectiveness

How do you tell if your

group or team is

working effectively?

1. Establish clear goals.

2. Decide whether the group is meeting

those goals.

Are team members devoting their efforts to

the team’s task, or wasting them arguing

among themselves over issues that have

little or nothing to do with the task?

Team building is constantly seeking a measure of results—or movement toward results.

But you as a leader must measure, evaluate, and adjust as needed. Hitting the bull’s-eye might take a while, but you will finally make a direct hit.

For Greater Group Effectiveness:

• Forgive mistakes quickly—People often

learn more from failure than from

success.

• Hold members accountable—Every

team member should have a role and

should be responsible for carrying it

• Foster trust and commitment—Both are

essential to teamwork.

• Don’t make excuses—Whining and

placing blame are counterproductive.

For Greater Group Effectiveness:

• Make the hard decisions—Winning

doesn’t come easy.

• Seek concrete answers and

solutions—You can use them to

measure effectiveness.

• Respect differences—See them as a

source of strength.

• Constantly strive toward mutual

respect— Respect is the glue that

holds the group or team together.

A. comfortable

B. imaginative

C. accountable

D. predictable

To increase the effectiveness of the

group, make sure that each member is

_______.

A. comfortable

B. imaginative

C. accountable

D. predictable

To increase the effectiveness of the

group, make sure that each member is

_______.

Conflict in Groups

Although groups

can have any

number of

conflicts, they all

boil down to three

basic types of

conflicts:

• Perspective

• Purpose

• Practice

Conflict in Perspective

Conflicts in perspective involve what people

do and why they do it. It has to do with team

members’ differing beliefs and values.

The student who wants

the highest-possible

grade point average

(GPA) believes that a

college degree is

critical for success. GPA

A student who wants

only a high school

diploma, on the other

hand, doesn’t think

college is important.

High School

Diploma

These two students’ values are different, and those values will determine how they act and react in a group.

GPA4.0

High School

Diploma

If people try to solve perspective-level

conflicts by ignoring or working around them,

the conflicts will continue. The participants

have not addressed the underlying issues.

Sometimes perspective-level conflicts are impossible to resolve. You then must agree to disagree and work out the best compromise possible.

A. Conflicts in perspective

B. Conflicts in practice

C. Conflicts in performance

D. Conflicts in purpose

Which of these types of conflict is

NOT commonly found in groups?

A. Conflicts in perspective

B. Conflicts in practice

C. Conflicts in performance

D. Conflicts in purpose

Which of these types of conflict is

NOT commonly found in groups?

A. performance

B. purpose

C. practice

D. perspective

Conflicts in _______ revolve around

the reasons that people do what they

do, generally because of their different

values.

A. performance

B. purpose

C. practice

D. perspective

Conflicts in _______ revolve around

the reasons that people do what they

do, generally because of their different

values.

Conflicts in Purpose

Conflicts in purpose involve what people want to achieve. These conflicts arise when members can’t accept the team’s goals and objectives.

For example, one team member might say, “I don’t care what grade we receive on this assignment. I just want to get it done.” Another member might say, “I want us to put together an A+ presentation so that I will keep the highest GPA possible.”

To deal with conflicts of purpose, the leader should set clear goals before the project begins—with input from team members.

Goals are easier

to establish and

change than team

perspective.

Conflicts in Practice

• when the team will meet

• where it will meet

• who will lead the meetings

they have conflicts at the practice level.

Conflicts in practice

have to do with the

team’s processes

and procedures. If

members can’t agree

A leader’s best bet in dealing with conflicts

of practice is to set up operating procedures

before the team begins its work. At the least,

the leader can insist that practices and

procedures support the team’s objectives.

A. The leader should consistently remind group

members that his/her decisions are fair and

final.

B. Before the project begins, the leader should

articulate goals clearly, with team members

having input.

C. Brief conflict resolution meetings should be

scheduled at the first hint of a problem

regarding purpose.

D. Before the project begins, team members

should make a purpose plan, which the leader

keeps on track.

What is the best way to prevent conflicts in

purpose?

A. The leader should consistently remind group

members that his/her decisions are fair and

final.

B. Before the project begins, the leader should

articulate goals clearly, with team members

having input.

C. Brief conflict resolution meetings should be

scheduled at the first hint of a problem

regarding purpose.

D. Before the project begins, team members

should make a purpose plan, which the leader

keeps on track.

What is the best way to prevent conflicts in

purpose?

Methods of Handling Conflict

People react to conflict in a group or team

setting in one of two ways: fight or flight.

At their best, they

express their own

perspectives, yet

continue to work

with team

members to arrive

at a solution.

At their

worst, they

lash out,

explode,

argue, and

become

competitive.

Some people fight when they perceive a

conflict. They become aggressive.

At their best, they

thoughtfully

reflect on the

issues at hand

and offer their

ideas to try to

resolve them.

At their worst,

they pout,

withdraw,

passively resist,

and avoid

working through

conflicts at all

costs.

When faced with conflict, other people will

resort to flight. These people are passive.

True or False: When confronted with

conflict in a team or group, people

have either a fight or flight reaction.

True or False: When confronted with

conflict in a team or group, people

have either a fight or flight reaction.

Most people have developed strategies for

handling everyday conflicts.

They may retreat. They may detour around

the problem—a method that works

sometimes, but may become habit-forming.

You can’t retreat. You can’t get around it.

You must adjust.

Sometimes you can’t pretend that the

problem doesn’t exist.

Does it mean

forcing others to

give in to your

wishes, never

compromising,

and relying on the

other person to

adjust?

What is adjustment?

Does it mean giving in to avoid trouble or

making a scene?

• Retreating

• Detouring

Four main ways people handle conflict:

• Standing still

• Encountering

Retreating

Retreating is blocking or moving away from

a problem or conflict. People who retreat

don’t want to confront conflict head on.

In some cases, they may even withdraw from

society to try to escape reality.

They may give

up without even

trying.

They may try to

place the blame

on others.

Loss of a loved one, for example, might cause someone to retreat in fear of future loss, rejection, or loneliness.

Sometimes retreat is understandable.

A. Encountering

B. Detouring

C. Retreating

D. Standing Still

What term is used to refer to the

method of handling conflict by

blocking or moving away from it?

A. Encountering

B. Detouring

C. Retreating

D. Standing Still

method of handling conflict by

blocking or moving away from it?

Standing Still

Standing still is avoiding a problem or

conflict by using defense mechanisms.

Stay in one

place rather

than to risk

defeat or

rejection.

The student with

great potential who

takes the easiest

course, so that he

or she doesn’t have

to work very hard.

For example…

The adult who prefers

to stand still says, “It

was good enough for

my parents, and it’s

good enough for me.

Why change now?”

For example…

Other forms of standing still include such

defense mechanisms as rationalization and

projection or just daydreaming, forgetting,

and regression.

Concealing the true motivation

for one’s thoughts, actions, or

feelings by offering reassuring,

but incorrect, explanations

Rationalization

The act of falsely attributing to

others one’s own unacceptable

feelings, impulses, or thoughts

Projection

A. rationalizing

B. projecting

C. detouring

D. compensating

If someone hides the real motive for

thoughts, actions, or feelings by using

reassuring but inaccurate

explanations, he/she is _______.

A. rationalizing

B. projecting

C. detouring

D. compensating

If someone hides the real motive for

thoughts, actions, or feelings by using

reassuring but inaccurate

explanations, he/she is _______.

A. Detouring

B. Standing Still

C. Encountering

D. Retreating

What method of handling conflict uses

defense mechanisms like

rationalization and projection to avoid

the conflict?

A. Detouring

B. Standing Still

C. Encountering

D. Retreating

What method of handling conflict uses

defense mechanisms like

rationalization and projection to avoid

the conflict?

Detouring

Detouring is moving around, or avoiding, a

problem or conflict.

People who constantly avoid important

issues may think they’ve dealt with a

problem, but the solution is temporary.

If your friend Mark says, “Suzanne gets good

grades because she’s the teacher’s pet,”

he’s detouring rather than facing the fact that

he doesn’t study enough.

The problem is bound to arise again.

Compensation is one

way of detouring. A

rejected or insecure

person may

compensate by

showing off, being

sarcastic, or

misbehaving—just to

get attention.

A mechanism by which an

individual attempts to make up for

some real or imagined deficiency

of personality or behavior by

developing or stressing another

aspect of the personality or by

substituting a different form of

behavior

Compensation

For example, a guy who doesn’t make the

varsity basketball team could compensate

by becoming a whiz in computer science.

In some cases, compensation has favorable

results.

Encountering

Encountering is the

best way to handle

problems.

Encountering is

facing a conflict

head-on and reaching

a solution.President

Abraham Lincoln

The person who faces

problems stands a

much better chance of

solving them than the

person who avoids or

ignores them does.

General

George Patton

Encountering

A. detouring

B. standing still

C. encountering

D. retreating

The most effective way to handle

conflict is by _______, or facing the

problem head-on.

A. detouring

B. standing still

C. encountering

D. retreating

The most effective way to handle

conflict is by _______, or facing the

problem head-on.

You probably find it

easy to advise others

about how to face

their problems, but

when it’s your own

problem, it’s a

different story.

Like everyone else, you face problems and

conflicts every day. You must compromise—

adjust to those around you.

To function in society, you must learn to

meet, encounter, and resolve those

problems and conflicts.197

Important to understand for those in a

conflict situation there are only three

possible outcomes:

1. WIN-LOSE. One will win and one will

possible outcomes:

2. LOSE-LOSE. Both sides lose.

possible outcomes:

2. LOSE-LOSE. Both sides lose.

3. WIN-WIN. Both sides win by

communication, compromise, and

common sense.

A. adjusting to those around you

B. compensating for your

shortcomings

C. detouring from the underlying

problem

D. projecting your disappointment

onto another

To compromise when solving

problems is a way of _______.

A. adjusting to those around you

B. compensating for your

shortcomings

C. detouring from the underlying

problem

D. projecting your disappointment

onto another

To compromise when solving

problems is a way of _______.

Conclusion

A challenge for all good leaders is

building positive relationships with

others.

204204

All good leaders must understand their

emotions, attitudes, and prejudices.

Good leaders set goals and measure their

team’s progress in meeting them.

Good leaders understand the types of

conflicts in groups and the ways people

handle or avoid those conflicts.

A. Tolerance

B. Respect

C. Diversity

D. Justice

What term is used for the

attention or regard given to the

rights, property, and ideas of

others?

A. Tolerance

B. Respect

C. Diversity

D. Justice

What term is used for the

attention or regard given to the

rights, property, and ideas of

others?

A. earned

B. inherent

C. guaranteed

D. mutual

Respect that is received as well

as given is known as _______

respect.

A. earned

B. inherent

C. guaranteed

D. mutual

Respect that is received as well

as given is known as _______

respect.

A. Mutual respect

B. Inherent rights

C. Personal dignity

D. Tolerance for others

inner strength that comes from

feeling connected, worthwhile,

and valued?

A. Mutual respect

B. Inherent rights

C. Personal dignity

D. Tolerance for others

inner strength that comes from

feeling connected, worthwhile,

and valued?

A. inherent

B. potential

C. attainable

D. earned

Even though people can gain the

respect of others, Americans

have always recognized the

_______ value and rights of

every human being.

A. inherent

B. potential

C. attainable

D. earned

Even though people can gain the

respect of others, Americans

have always recognized the

_______ value and rights of

every human being.

A. behavior

B. trust

C. beliefs

D. differences

Giving people respect entails

accepting their _______.

A. behavior

B. trust

C. beliefs

D. differences

Giving people respect entails

accepting their _______.

A. Tolerance

B. Allegiance

C. Equality

D. Diversity

What term is used to refer to

respect for people’s differences

and values?

A. Tolerance

B. Allegiance

C. Equality

D. Diversity

respect for people’s differences

and values?

A. tolerance

B. diversity

C. change

D. personal dignity

Barriers to a mutually respectful

environment include prejudice,

discrimination, and a refusal to

value _______.

A. tolerance

B. diversity

C. change

D. personal dignity

Barriers to a mutually respectful

environment include prejudice,

discrimination, and a refusal to

value _______.

A. intolerance

B. injustice

C. discrimination

D. prejudice

An unfair judgment of an

individual or group is known as

_______.

A. intolerance

B. injustice

C. discrimination

D. prejudice

An unfair judgment of an

individual or group is known as

_______.

A. It results from rational thought

and allows for reflection.

B. It means making a decision

about someone in advance.

C. It is very common and often

taken for granted.

D. It is based on hearsay and a

narrow range of experience

instead of facts.

Which of these statements is NOT

true regarding prejudice?

A. It results from rational thought

and allows for reflection.

B. It means making a decision

about someone in advance.

C. It is very common and often

taken for granted.

D. It is based on hearsay and a

narrow range of experience

instead of facts.

Which of these statements is NOT

true regarding prejudice?

A. Intolerance

B. Stereotyping

C. Discrimination

D. Entrapment

unfair treatment of a particular

group of people based on

prejudice?

A. Intolerance

B. Stereotyping

C. Discrimination

D. Entrapment

unfair treatment of a particular

group of people based on

prejudice?

A. irrational fears

B. repeated experiences

C. oversimplified assumptions

D. careful teachings

A stereotype is a labeling or an

idea of a person or thing based

on _______ instead of facts.

A. irrational fears

B. repeated experiences

C. oversimplified assumptions

D. careful teachings

A stereotype is a labeling or an

idea of a person or thing based

on _______ instead of facts.

A. social

B. gender

C. racial

D. sexual

When people have a limited

perception of people based on

whether they are male or

female, they are displaying

_______ stereotyping.

A. social

B. gender

C. racial

D. sexual

When people have a limited

perception of people based on

whether they are male or

female, they are displaying

_______ stereotyping.

A. freedom

B. respect

C. dignity

D. justice

Every America should seek

“_______ for all,” meaning fair

and equal treatment under the

A. freedom

B. respect

C. dignity

D. justice

Every America should seek

“_______ for all,” meaning fair

and equal treatment under the

A. take the opposite view

B. always agree with the

adults

C. form your own opinions

D. align your beliefs with those

of your peers

A mature way to approach

issues is to listen to the

opinions of adults and friends,

but _______.

A. take the opposite view

B. always agree with the

adults

C. form your own opinions

D. align your beliefs with those

of your peers

A mature way to approach

issues is to listen to the

opinions of adults and friends,

but _______.

A. Religious

B. Social

C. Economic

D. Cultural

What type of intolerance has

caused numerous conflicts

throughout history?

A. Religious

B. Social

C. Economic

D. Cultural

What type of intolerance has

caused numerous conflicts

throughout history?

A. unity

B. strength

C. commitment

D. pride

To increase the effectiveness of

a group, members should view

differences as a source of

_______.

A. unity

B. strength

C. commitment

D. pride

a group, members should view

differences as a source of

_______.

A. Devise ways to measure results

or movement toward results

B. Take time out to practice

communication and interpersonal

skills

C. Bring in new members with fresh

ideas and more diverse outlooks

D. Seek methods of adjusting goals

to align with progress

How can group leaders ensure team

effectiveness as the members work

toward accomplishing the goals?

A. Devise ways to measure results

or movement toward results

B. Take time out to practice

communication and interpersonal

skills

C. Bring in new members with fresh

ideas and more diverse outlooks

D. Seek methods of adjusting goals

to align with progress

How can group leaders ensure team

effectiveness as the members work

toward accomplishing the goals?

A. cooperative

B. creative

C. core

D. concrete

Effective groups look for

_______ answers and solutions

which can be used to measure

their effectiveness.

A. cooperative

B. creative

C. core

D. concrete

Effective groups look for

_______ answers and solutions

which can be used to measure

their effectiveness.

A. comfortable

B. predictable

C. accountable

D. imaginative

the group, each member must

be _______.

A. comfortable

B. predictable

C. accountable

D. imaginative

the group, each member must

be _______.

A. Justice

B. Diversity

C. Mutual respect

D. Personal dignity

What can serve as a kind of

glue to hold a group together?

A. Justice

B. Diversity

C. Mutual respect

D. Personal dignity

What can serve as a kind of

glue to hold a group together?

A. performance

B. perspective

C. practice

D. purpose

Conflicts in _______ involve the

reasons that people do what

they do, generally because of

their different values.

A. performance

B. perspective

C. practice

D. purpose

Conflicts in _______ involve the

reasons that people do what

they do, generally because of

their different values.

A. compromise

B. work around them

C. ignore them

D. carry on

Since conflicts in perspective

are often unsolvable, people

must _______ as best they can.

A. compromise

B. work around them

C. ignore them

D. carry on

Since conflicts in perspective

are often unsolvable, people

must _______ as best they can.

A. perspective

B. performance

C. practice

D. purpose

If people disagree about the

team’s goals and objectives,

there is a conflict in _______.

A. perspective

B. performance

C. practice

D. purpose

If people disagree about the

team’s goals and objectives,

there is a conflict in _______.

A. purpose

B. perspective

C. practice

D. performance

Problems regarding processes

and procedures are classified

as conflicts in _______.

A. purpose

B. perspective

C. practice

D. performance

Problems regarding processes

and procedures are classified

as conflicts in _______.

A. consistent and not subject to

change

B. supportive of the team’s

objectives

C. based on previous successful

D. acceptable to all members

Operating procedures should be

established before work begins,

with the leader ensuring that

they are _______.

A. consistent and not subject to

change

B. supportive of the team’s

objectives

C. based on previous successful

D. acceptable to all members

Operating procedures should be

established before work begins,

with the leader ensuring that

they are _______.

A. They express their own

perspective.

B. They can become aggressive.

C. They might argue, explode,

and become competitive.

D. They always refuse to work

with the team members to find

a solution.

NOT true regarding people who

fight when faced with conflict?

A. They express their own

perspective.

B. They can become aggressive.

C. They might argue, explode,

and become competitive.

D. They always refuse to work

with the team members to find

a solution.

NOT true regarding people who

fight when faced with conflict?

A. rationalization

B. compensation

C. projection

D. detouring

Hiding the real motive for

thoughts, actions, or feelings by

using reassuring but inaccurate

explanations is known as

_______.

A. rationalization

B. compensation

C. projection

D. detouring

Hiding the real motive for

thoughts, actions, or feelings by

using reassuring but inaccurate

explanations is known as

_______.

A. detouring

B. rationalizing

C. projecting

D. compensating

When people falsely attribute

their own unacceptable

feelings, thoughts, or impulses

to others, they are _______.

A. detouring

B. rationalizing

C. projecting

D. compensating

When people falsely attribute

their own unacceptable

feelings, thoughts, or impulses

to others, they are _______.

A. Compensation

B. Projection

C. Rationalization

D. Detouring

substitution of a favorable trait

or behavior for an undesirable

one in order to present a better

picture of oneself?

A. Compensation

B. Projection

C. Rationalization

D. Detouring

substitution of a favorable trait

or behavior for an undesirable

one in order to present a better

picture of oneself?

A. retreating

B. encountering

C. standing still

D. detouring

The most effective way to

handle conflict is by _______, or

facing the problem head-on.

A. retreating

B. encountering

C. standing still

D. detouring

The most effective way to

handle conflict is by _______, or

facing the problem head-on.

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