New learning paradigms and technologies

New Learning Paradigmsand Technologies

Prof. dr. Frederik Questier - Vrije Universiteit BrusselJimma University, Ethiopia, June 2015

This presentation can be found athttp://questier.com

http://www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier

Brussels

Vrije Universiteit Brussel

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Co-founder, former Research & Innovation Director of Chamilo

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E-learning workshop

I. New Learning Paradigms and Technologies

III. E-learning experiences from Jimma University

IV. Institutional Strategies for E-learning

V. E-learning priorities and activities for Jimma University as discussed and voted by the participants

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How can we educate our students for

the unknown future?

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I ask my students:

What is the biggest changeyou expect in your (professional) life?

Most of them are clueless...

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2045 Technological Singularity?

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The only constant in life is change

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The best wayto predict the future

is to invent it.(Alan Kay, 1971)

17William Gibson

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Information Society ?

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Knowledge Society

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Network society

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Network society

Motivate your students to participatein existing authentic (online) networks!

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Everything

gets connected & software enhanced

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Evolution of the internet?

Web 2.0: Social

Web 3.0: Semantic

Mobile and Ubiquitous

Darknet: anonymous & encrypted

Internet of things

Global brain – intelligence

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information scarcity → information abundance !

Total information is now doubling every year !

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Surveys

How much of the knowledge

you need for your job

is already in your head?

>75% | 75-50% | 50-25% | <25%

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Surveys

How much of the knowledge

you need for your job

is already in your head?

1986 75% → 2010 10%

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The longer one studies,

the more one comes to realize

how much one does not know

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% tested genius in Divergent Thinking(used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions)

Source: Breakpoint and Beyond by George Land and Beth Jaman

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“Schools we have todaywere designed around commonsense assumptions

that had never been scientifically tested”

R. Keith Sawyer

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innovation?

Politics Education Science 1km/h 10km/h 100km/h

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Resistance

Teachers teach as they are taught...

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Dilemma of schools:the skills that are easiest to teach and test are also

the ones that are easiest to digitize, automate and outsource(Levy and Murnane)

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Demand for new skills?

➢ Social skills➢ communicating, networking, teamwork➢ international, intercultural

➢ Creativity➢ Entrepeneurship➢ Information technology skills

➢ Handle information overload

➢ ...➢

➢ Learning to learn → Life Long Learning!

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Knowledge → Skills → Competences

Competences

are the ability to use➢ knowledge➢ skills➢ attitudes

in new, complex, authentic situations

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?

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“ The digital native and digital immigrant may be useful slogans for provoking debate but the distinction does not stand up to inspection… the profound changes taking place need to be situated in diversity rather than dichotomy ”

Brown, M. E. (2005). The next generation: Looking to the future. Computers in New Zealand Schools, 17 (2), 3-7. July Editorial.

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Discrepancy?

What are students used to? What is their classroom experience?

control no control

action passive

instant feedback little, late feedback

rich media poor media

always online offline

social interactions working together = cheating

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Why change the waywe teach and learn?

We have new scientific knowledge

about teaching and learning

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Evolution in learning theoriesBehaviourism Learning = change of behaviour

Stimulus → responseLearner is passive receiver of knowledgeMind = black box

Cognitivism Focuses on how the brain worksMetacognition, learning strategiesMotivation

Constructivism Knowledge is actively constructed by the learnerNew knowledge is linked to prior knowledgeLearners discover themselves facts and relationships

Social Constructivism Social interaction plays a fundamental role Discussions lead to deeper understanding and increased motivation

Constructionism Constructing an artifact or something that can be shared leads to better learning

Connectivism Learning is a process of connecting nodes or information sourcesKnowledge and learning may reside in non-human appliancesTry to see connections between fields, ideas, and conceptsKnow-what & Know-how → Know-where

46CC by Wlonline

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Educational innovation?Traditional teaching Modern teaching

teacher oriented student oriented

(passive) knowledge transfer (active) knowledge construction; interaction

focus on knowledge focus on competences

individual learning collaborative learning

focus on course contents

teacher = expert teacher = coach

teacher directs also self-directed learning

selective education adaptive education

students focus on good scores attention for (intrinsic) motivation

surface learning deep (natural) learning

also focus on learning process(learning to learn, reflection)

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Educational innovation?Traditional teaching Modern teaching

abstract, school-like examples & tasks authentic contexts

evaluation by teacher self/co/peer-assessment, ...

summative evaluation

linear curriculum flexible curriculum

independent courses and disciplines connexion, integration, interdisciplinarity

supply oriented demand oriented

uniform education

classroom

course materials powerful learning environments

formal learning + informal learning

behaviorism and cognitivism

+ formative evaluation(learning from mistakes and feedback)

differentiated education(adapted to e.g. learning styles)

flexible learning environment(also online & virtual)

Social constructivism (and connectivism)

Challenge

Xiangen Hu, Will Lancaster, Trends and Future, Directions of e-Learning

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How can we improve teaching and learning with ICT?

Don't apply traditional teaching methods

in new technologies!

Substitution?(dropping your coursebook online)

Transformation!

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Seek the synergy!

Theories about learning

and technologies

have evolved

towards very similar concepts

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Model Jonassen for (constructive) learning environments

→ Technologies can support the intentional construction,in a collaborative way, of complex contextualized artifacts

and the conversation and reflection about it

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Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective

Case kit Case kit (Ugent, Jan Velghe)(Ugent, Jan Velghe)

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Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective

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Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective

Pharmacy simulations

ICT supported

ICT supported

Competition + collaboration

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Class conferencing software

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"The most fundamental way of helping other people,

is to teach peoplehow to do things better

or how to better their lives.

For peoplewho use computers,this means sharing

the recipesyou use on your computer,

in other wordsthe programs you run."

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1980's: Stallman defined“Free Software”

The freedom to

➢ use

➢ study

➢ distribute

➢ improve

the program

Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS)

Open educational resources (OER)

digitised materialsoffered freely and openly

for educators, students and self-learnersto use and reuse

for teaching, learning and research

Believing that OER can

widen access to quality education,

particularly when shared by many countries

and higher education institutions,

UNESCO champions OER

as a means of promoting access, equity and quality

in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Good teachers know howto create learning materials

Great teachers know howto mix and reuse

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55550 Flemish primary and secondary teachers on sharing site

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Find the right blend!

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Not all students will like it...

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Foster a community feeling!

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Learning Analytics

Gephi export,

learning interactions,

R. Carlos, F. Questier

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We all can learn fromLearning Analytics!

➢ The Learning Analytics Cycle, by Doug Clow, http://dougclow.wordpress.com/2011/02/28/the-learning-analytics-cycle/

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Tin Cap API

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ht tp: // ww

w. knew

ton.com

/blended- lea

rni ng/

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➢ An individual teacher typically does not have➢ the competences➢ the time➢ the budget

to create one of the most advanced blended courses

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The way to do it

Design teams with mixed competencesExtra muros collaboration

Reuse and shareStudent centred

ActivitatingMotivating

Questier.com

Frederik AT Questier.com

www.linkedin.com/in/fquestie

www.diigo.com/user/frederikquestier

www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier

Questions?Ameseginalehu!

Copyright acknowledgements➢ Screenshot http://www.chamilo.org/➢ Figure study CC-by-nc-sa by Tony2 (NOT IN USE!)➢ Question! CC-by by Stefan Baudy➢ http://users4.jabry.com/vortex/misc/DivergentThinking.gif➢ Edupunk: http://blogs.pstcc.edu/drbrown/files/2009/11/Picture-4.png➢ Flipped-Classroom-CC-BY-NC-SA-2-by-ransomtech➢ http://cogdogblog.com/2012/07/17/mooc-hysertia/➢ http://www.onlinecollege.org/2012/08/21/25-tips-make-most-mooc/➢ Paul Schatzkin, http://www.cohesionarts.com/tag/distractions/➢ Screenshot http://www.chamilo.org/➢ OPEN, CC-by-nc-sa by Tom Maglieryr➢ Share matches CC by-nc-nd by Josh Harper➢ GNU Head Joseph W. Reiss Free Art License or the GNU GPLv2

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