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MESOPOTAMIA
Tuesday, November 5, 13
MESOPOTAMIA
Mesopotamia: meaning “the land between the rivers”
Tuesday, November 5, 13
FOLDABLE WORDS
Cradle of Civilization
fertility
Fertile Crescent
cuneiform
Sumerians
ziggurat
Tuesday, November 5, 13
THE FERTILE CRESCENT
Today, The Fertile Crescent includes the countries of Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus, Jordan, Palestine, Kuwait, the Sinai Peninsula, and Northern Mesopotamia. It is a big place.
Tuesday, November 5, 13
THE FERTILE CRESCENT
identified as the sites of the emergence of civilization
Consisted of various cultures
Tuesday, November 5, 13
FERTILE CRESCENT
The Fertile Crescent is known is considered the birthplace of:
agriculture
urbanization
writing
trade
Science
organized religion
Tuesday, November 5, 13
RIVERS
Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Label rivers on your map
Tuesday, November 5, 13
FERTILE CRESCENT
Label the Fertile Crescent on your map
Tuesday, November 5, 13
FERTILE
the combination of RICH soil and WATER from the rivers made Mesopotamia the most FERTILE farmland in the region
Tuesday, November 5, 13
FERTILITY
Fertile: rich in materials to sustain plant growth
Tuesday, November 5, 13
SUMERIANS
Sumerians: “land of the civilized kings”
Many historians think that cities and towns were first formed in Sumer
Tuesday, November 5, 13
SUMERIANS
Nomads moved into the fertile land and began to form small villages
these villages slowly grew into large towns
Eventually these cities developed into the civilization of the Sumer. This land is one of the cradles of civilization
Tuesday, November 5, 13
SUMERIANS CONTRIBUTIONS
invented the first form of writing,
a number system,
the first wheeled vehicles
sun-dried bricks
irrigation for farming
All of these things were important for the development of human civilization.
Tuesday, November 5, 13
SUMERIANS CONTRIBUTIONS
Government: cities formed city-states
each state had its own ruler
city-states fought each other
Tuesday, November 5, 13
CONTRIBUTIONS: RELIGION
Each city-state also had its own god
In the center of each city was a large temple to the city god called a ziggurat
The ziggurat looked like a step pyramid with a flat top
Here the priests would perform rituals and sacrifices.
Tuesday, November 5, 13
CONTRIBUTIONS: WRITING
wedge-shaped marks in clay tablets
used for four thousand years in various languages
lost and undecipherable until the 1800s!
Tuesday, November 5, 13
THE EPIC OF GILGAMESH
earliest known story!
about a hero-king and his adventures
based on a real king (maybe...)
Tuesday, November 5, 13
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