Magleby chapter11 ppt

The Presidency 11

The Presidency

Learning Objectives

Describe the constitutional foundations and primary roles of the presidency

Evaluate the controversies surrounding presidents’ assertion of additional executive powers

Learning Objectives

Outline the functions of the White House staff, Executive Office of the President, cabinet, and vice president

Characterize the various roles that presidents play

Identify the sources of presidential-congressional conflict and the tools presidents use to influence Congress

Identify the factors that influence judgments about presidents

Learning Objectives

Structure and Powers of the Presidency Presidency and the Separation of Powers Framers and the Presidency Presidential Powers Presidential Removal and Succession

Vietnam War Protest 11.1

11.1Presidency and the Separation of Powers Powers in Constitution

Run executive branch Wage wars declared by Congress Report to Congress on State of the Union Nominate judges and executive appointees Negotiate treaties

Parliamentary governments

11.1Framers and the Presidency Single executive Electoral College Twenty-Second Amendment (1951) Qualifications for office Presidential ticket

Twelfth Amendment (1804)

Presidential Powers 11.1

Vesting clause Commander in Chief

Diplomat in Chief Treaty Executive agreements Congressional-executive agreements

Administrator in Chief

Presidential Powers

Additional Executive Powers Appointment power Recess appointments Veto power Pocket veto Pardon power Take Care power Inherent powers Power to inform and convene Congress Signing statements

Presidential Powers

11.1Presidential Removal and Succession Impeachment

Johnson 1868 Clinton 1998

Twenty-Fifth Amendment (1967)

Johnson takes the Oath of Office on Air Force One

11.1 Presidents have power to do all of the following except

a. negotiate treatiesb. deploy armed forcesc. declare ward. veto legislation

11.1 Presidents have power to do all of the following except

a. negotiate treatiesb. deploy armed forcesc. declare ward. veto legislation

11.2Controversies in Presidential Power War Power Power to Invoke Executive Privilege Power to Issue Executive Orders Power to Submit a Budget to Congress Evolution of Presidential Power

11.2War Power

Declaring war versus waging war War Powers Resolution (1973)

Reassertion of Congressional authority

11.2Power to Invoke Executive Privilege Power to keep secrets in the national

interest Protect national security Private discussions with advisers about public policy Nixon takes it too far

Guantanamo prisoners 11.2

11.2Power to Issue Executive Orders Executive orders

Force of law, without Congress Executive memoranda

Less formal directives

FIGURE 11-1: Average Number of Executive Orders Issued Each Year, by President

11.2Power to Submit a Budget to Congress Budgeting and Accounting Act of 1921 Impoundment

Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Line item veto

Declared unconstitutional (1998)

11.2Evolution of Presidential Power Steady growth of presidential power How prescient were the framers? Significant expansion under Lincoln, FDR

New Deal Works Project Mural 11.2

11.2 The War Powers Resolution states that the president can deploy troops

a. only after Congress declares war b. after specific statutory authorization c. if the U.S. or its troops are attacked d. all of the above

11.2 The War Powers Resolution states that the president can deploy troops

a. only after Congress declares war b. after specific statutory authorization c. if the U.S. or its troops are attacked d. all of the above

11.3Managing the Presidency

White House Staff Executive Office of the President Cabinet Vice Presidency

11.3White House Staff

White House bureaucracy Competitive approach: fight for access Collegial approach: groupthink “Policy czars” Hierarchical approach: tight control Chief of Staff Political versus policy offices

11.3Executive Office of the President (EOP) National Security Council (NSC) Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

FIGURE 11-2: Executive Office of the President

11.3Cabinet

Washington’s cabinet had four people Obama’s cabinet has 21 members Traditional, not obligatory

11.3Vice Presidency

Balancing the ticket Increasing role in modern presidency

Cheney Biden

11.3 What is the main duty of the Council of Economic Advisors?

a. Advise the president on banking regulationsb. Advise the president and Congress on tradec. Advise the president on economic policy d. Advise the president on intelligence

11.3 What is the main duty of the Council of Economic Advisors?

a. Advise the president on banking regulationsb. Advise the president and Congress on tradec. Advise the president on economic policy d. Advise the president on intelligence

11.4President’s Job

Presidents as Morale Builders Presidents as Agenda Setters Presidents as Persuaders An Impossible Job?

TABLE11-1: What Can Presidents Change?

11.4Presidents as Morale Builders Chief of state Morale builder

FDR’s fireside chats

11.42012 election night rally

11.4Presidents as Agenda Setters Economic policy Social policy National security policy

11.4Presidents as Persuaders

Presidential power is the power to persuade (Richard Neustadt)

Going public

11.4An Impossible Job?

Federal government growing Partisan conflict increasing Public trust waning

Politicians don’t have nation’s interests at heart Government can’t do anything right

11.4 What is considered the president’s chief resource?

a. the power to persuade b. the ability to set agendac. the right to deliver a State of the Union

address d. the ability to know what the public wants

11.4 What is considered the president’s chief resource?

a. the power to persuade b. the ability to set agendac. the right to deliver a State of the Union

address d. the ability to know what the public wants

11.5Congress and the Presidency Why Presidents and Congress Disagree Influencing Congress

11.5Why Presidents and Congress Disagree Competing constituencies Competing calendars Competing campaigns

President Jimmy Carter 11.5

11.5Influencing Congress

Presidential support score Presidential mandates Public approval

Political capital Rally points

Reputation

FIGURE 11-3: Presidential Approval Ratings, 1953-2012

11.5 Why might a senator from an opposing party vote for a proposal of a popular president?

a. To feel like a part of a legislative victory b. To generate donations for the next election c. To discourage election challengers by voting

for a popular policy d. To win favor with the president and gain

greater likelihood of support for personal policies

a. To feel like a part of a legislative victory b. To generate donations for the next election c. To discourage election challengers by voting

for a popular policy d. To win favor with the president and gain

greater likelihood of support for personal policies

11.5 Why might a senator from an opposing party vote for a proposal of a popular president?

11.6Judging Presidents

How do we judge presidents? Wars Domestic or international crises Economic Natural disasters Political and moral leadership Civil rights and social policies

11.6 Presidents are often judged by

a. how well they handle a war b. the state of the economy c. scandals during their term in office d. all of the above

11.6 Presidents are often judged by

a. how well they handle a war b. the state of the economy c. scandals during their term in office d. all of the above

Discussion Question

Which of the president’s many roles has expanded the most from the Framers' original vision? Why has this role expanded?

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