Lesson 2 Physical Features And Climate

Unit 4 Europe: Unit 4 Europe: North, West, and South North, West, and South

Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Western Central EuropeWestern Central Europe

Lesson 2 Lesson 2 Core Vocabulary Core Vocabulary

WordsWords peak peak 山峰最高点山峰最高点 pass pass 山口山口 polder polder 围海造田围海造田 dike dike 堤坝堤坝 Eurasia Eurasia 欧亚大陆欧亚大陆

giant peninsulagiant peninsula 大半岛大半岛 currents currents 水流水流 freezing freezing 严寒的严寒的 block block 阻挡阻挡 body of water body of water 水体水体

PyreneesPyrenees 比利牛斯山比利牛斯山脉脉 LoireLoire 卢瓦尔河卢瓦尔河 (( 法国法国 )) Seine Seine 塞纳河塞纳河 (( 法国法国 )) Garonne Garonne 加伦河加伦河 (( 法法国国 ) ) RhoneRhone 罗纳河罗纳河 (( 法国法国 ) )

Extension wordsExtension words 拓展词汇拓展词汇

What Are the Main What Are the Main Physical Features? Physical Features?

AlpsAlps

AlpsAlpsThe Alps is the The Alps is the collective name collective name for one of the for one of the great mountain great mountain range systems of range systems of Europe, stretching Europe, stretching from Austria in the from Austria in the east, Slovenia, east, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Liechtenstein and Germany, through Germany, through to France in the to France in the west. The word west. The word Alps means Alps means mountains.mountains.

Mont Blanc(Mont Blanc( 勃朗峰勃朗峰 ,, 白色之白色之山山 ))官方测得 4808.75 米

Highest Peak(Highest Peak( 最高峰最高峰 ))

Pass(Pass( 山口山口 ))

山口位于山脊、山脉的通道，又隘口、垭口或鞍部，在有设关卡、城关等军事要塞称为关口或咽喉点，通常为山的缺口、裂口、凹口，处在较低位置，作为翻越山岭的通道，属于行走路线的至高点，这些道路若是必经要道，在古代会建造城关、关卡，现今仅在国界才设为检查哨来管控偷渡者。世界上有诸多山口为旅行的障碍，关口自古以来属于重要的地理位置，既是贸易通道，也是阻断战争、民族迁徙的屏障 。

Massif Central(Massif Central( 中央高原中央高原 ))

the Vosges(the Vosges( 孚日山脉孚日山脉 ))

Jura(Jura( 汝拉汝拉 ) ) Pyrenees(Pyrenees( 比利牛斯山脉比利牛斯山脉 ))

PyreneesPyreneesStretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Mediterranean in the East, a distance of some 250 miles (402.5km), the mountains of the Pyrenees form a natural barrier between Spain and the Iberian Peninsula in the south and France in the north.

PlainsPlains

Polder(Polder( 围海造田围海造田 ))

PolderPolder

Polder:Polder: An area of low-lying land, especially in An area of low-lying land, especially in the Netherlands, that has been reclaimed from a the Netherlands, that has been reclaimed from a body of water and is protected by dikes.body of water and is protected by dikes.

Notice the pattern?

The purple area was swampland （沼泽）… and this is where most of the people live today. So how do you make a swamp dry? What about a swamp that is below sea level?

What the Dutch did was use the natural dunes along the coasts – and reinforced （加固） them. This kept the North Sea （北海） water out…to deal with the inside water they made what are

called polders （堤坝） .It is so effective, that we still use the process it today – This is a diamond mine （钻石矿） in Canada.

Dikes(Dikes( 堤坝堤坝 ))

Since 1916, the Netherlands has undergone massive coastal protection since the original protection was not enough, In all the places where the ocean meets the land, the dunes have been reinforced or re-built. That’s 415km of coastal protection! Not quite the Great Wall…but not bad.

Where the ocean meets the rivers they built barriers （障碍） . With over 16,500 km of dikes

(2,420 km designated as primary dikes and 14,080 km as secondary dikes) and 300 structures, it has been one of the most extensive engineering

projects in the world.

The Rotterdam （鹿特丹） Storm Barrier – Each side is as high as the Eiffel Tower!

What Bodies of Water What Bodies of Water Exist?Exist?

Eurasia

Biscay

North Sea

Mediterranean

North Sea North Sea Oil FieldOil FieldNorth Sea oil and North Sea oil and natural gas were natural gas were first discovered in the first discovered in the 1960s. The North Sea, 1960s. The North Sea, however, did not however, did not emerge immediately emerge immediately as a key non-OPEC oil as a key non-OPEC oil producing area until producing area until the 1980s and 1990s, the 1980s and 1990s, when major discoveries when major discoveries began coming online. Oil and natural gas began coming online. Oil and natural gas extraction in the North Sea's inhospitable climate extraction in the North Sea's inhospitable climate - cold and windy - and at great depths requires - cold and windy - and at great depths requires sophisticated offshore technology.sophisticated offshore technology.

North North Sea oil Sea oil rigrig

While primary oil demand in European Union (EU) While primary oil demand in European Union (EU) countries is projected to increase by 0.4% per year from countries is projected to increase by 0.4% per year from now to 2030, North Sea output peaked in 1999 and has now to 2030, North Sea output peaked in 1999 and has been on the decline ever since. been on the decline ever since.

Europe is a Europe is a well-watered well-watered continent with continent with many rivers. many rivers. Most of the Most of the continent's continent's drainage finds drainage finds its way to the its way to the Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean via a number via a number of master river of master river systems, systems, whose whose watersheds watersheds interlock in a interlock in a most complex most complex manner. manner. Europe’s riversEurope’s rivers

Rivers of FranceRivers of France

2

1 ：2 ：3 ：4 ：

RhoneSeine

Garonne Loire

Rivers of GermanyRivers of Germany

Rhine莱茵河

Danube多瑙河

Elbe易北河

Rhine莱茵河

Rhine River shippingRhine River shipping

Danube多瑙河

Danube RiverDanube River

Danube RiverDanube RiverDanube RiverDanube River

What Is Climate Like?What Is Climate Like? Marine West Coast (climate)Marine West Coast (climate)

Mediterranean climateMediterranean climate

Highland climateHighland climate

The global ocean circulation system transports heat throughout the planet. White The global ocean circulation system transports heat throughout the planet. White sections represent warm surface currents. Purple sections represent deep cold currentssections represent warm surface currents. Purple sections represent deep cold currents.

Great ocean conveyorGreat ocean conveyor